CN102426405B - 用于干涉式调制器阵列的导电总线结构 - Google Patents
用于干涉式调制器阵列的导电总线结构 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN102426405B CN102426405B CN201110316908.XA CN201110316908A CN102426405B CN 102426405 B CN102426405 B CN 102426405B CN 201110316908 A CN201110316908 A CN 201110316908A CN 102426405 B CN102426405 B CN 102426405B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- electrode layer
- row
- electrode
- conductive bus
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
- G02B26/08—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
- G02B26/001—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements based on interference in an adjustable optical cavity
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
- G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
- G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
- G09G3/3433—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using light modulating elements actuated by an electric field and being other than liquid crystal devices and electrochromic devices
- G09G3/3466—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using light modulating elements actuated by an electric field and being other than liquid crystal devices and electrochromic devices based on interferometric effect
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B81—MICROSTRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY
- B81B—MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS, e.g. MICROMECHANICAL DEVICES
- B81B3/00—Devices comprising flexible or deformable elements, e.g. comprising elastic tongues or membranes
- B81B3/0064—Constitution or structural means for improving or controlling the physical properties of a device
- B81B3/0086—Electrical characteristics, e.g. reducing driving voltage, improving resistance to peak voltage
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/49117—Conductor or circuit manufacturing
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Light Control Or Optical Switches (AREA)
- Control Of Indicators Other Than Cathode Ray Tubes (AREA)
- Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)
- Micromachines (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及用于干涉式调制器阵列的导电总线结构,并揭示一种干涉式调制器的多个实施例,这些实施例具有各种增强和特征,包括一导电总线。在某些实施例中,所述干涉式调制器具有一悬置在一第二电极层上方的第一导电层。在某些实施例中,在所述第一导电层上方提供一第二导电层。所述第一导电总线及/或第二导电总线之一可进一步连接至所述第一电极层及/或所述第二电极层。所揭示的其它特征可包含在所述干涉式调制器的实施例内,以改善响应时间、功率消耗、和图像分辨率。
Description
分案申请的相关信息
本申请为发明名称为“用于干涉式调制器阵列的导电总线结构”的原中国发明专利申请的分案申请。原申请的申请号为200510103445.3;原申请的申请日为2005年9月15日;原发明专利申请案的优先权日为2004年9月27日。
技术领域
本发明的技术领域涉及微机电系统(MEMS),且更具体而言,涉及用于MEMS元件阵列的电连接架构。
背景技术
微机电系统(MEMS)包括微机械元件、激励器及电子元件。微机械元件可采用沉积、蚀刻或其它可蚀刻掉衬底及/或所沉积材料层的若干部分或可添加若干层以形成电和机电装置的微机械加工工艺制成。一种类型的MEMS装置被称为干涉式调制器。干涉式调制器可包含一对导电板,其中之一或二者可部分地透明且在施加一个适当的电信号时能够相对运动。其中一个板可包含一沉积在一衬底上的静止层,另一个板可包含一悬挂在该静止层上的金属隔板。
在某些显示器配置中,使用可独立激励的干涉式光调制器构成的阵列作为显示元件。所述光调制器经电连接以提供用于单独激励各个光调制器的控制电压或信号。
发明内容
本发明的系统、方法及装置均具有多个方面,任一单个方面均不能单独决定其所期望特性。现在,对其更主要的特性进行简要论述,此并不限定本发明的范围。在查看这一论述,尤其是在阅读了标题为“具体实施方式”的部分之后,人们即可理解本发明的特征如何提供优于其它显示装置的优点。
在某些实施例中,一种光调制器包含一衬底、位于所述衬底上的一第一电极层、及位于所述衬底上的一第二电极层。所述光调制器进一步包含基本上平行于所述第一电极层且耦接至所述第二电极层的一反射性表面。所述反射性表面可沿一基本上垂直于所述反射性表面的方向在一第一位置和一第二位置之间移动。所述第一位置距所述第一电极层一第一距离,且所述第二位置距所述第一电极层一第二距离。所述光调制器进一步包含一导电总线层,所述导电总线层的至少一部分电耦接至所述第一电极层与所述第二电极层中至少之一。所述反射性表面响应施加在所述导电总线层上的电压而在所述第一位置与所述第二位置之间移动。
在某些实施例中,使用一种方法来控制一光调制器。所述方法包括提供一衬底及在所述衬底上提供一第一电极层。所述方法进一步包括在所述衬底上提供一第二电极层,及提供基本上平行于所述第一电极层并耦接至所述第二电极层的一反射性表面。所述反射性表面可沿一基本上垂直于所述反射性表面的方向在一第一位置和一第二位置之间移动。所述第一位置距所述第一电极层一第一距离,且所述第二位置距所述第一电极层一第二距离。所述方法进一步包括向一导电总线层施加一电压,其中所述导电总线层的至少一部分电耦接至所述第一电极层与所述第二电极层中至少之一。所述方法进一步包括响应施加的电压而在所述第一位置与所述第二位置之间移动所述反射性表面。
在某些实施例中,一种装置包含用于支撑一干涉式调制器的构件。所述装置进一步包含位于所述支撑构件上方用于传导一第一电信号的构件。所述装置进一步包含位于所述支撑构件上方用于传导一第二电信号的构件。所述装置进一步包含用于反射光的构件,所述用于反射光的构件基本上平行于所述用于传导所述第一电信号的构件且耦接至所述用于传导所述第二电信号的构件,所述用于反射光的构件可沿一基本上垂直于所述用于反射光的构件的方向移动,并可在一第一位置与一第二位置之间移动,所述第一位置距所述用于传导所述第一电信号的构件一第一距离,所述第二位置距所述用于传导所述第一电信号的构件一第二距离。所述装置进一步包含用于电耦接至所述用于传导所述第一电信号的构件及所述用于传导所述第二电信号的构件中至少之一的构件,其中所述用于反射光的构件响应施加在所述用于进行电耦接的构件上的电压而在所述第一位置与所述第二位置之间移动。
附图说明
图1为一等轴图,其显示一干涉式调制器显示器的一实施例的一部分,其中一第一干涉式调制器的一可移动反射层处于一释放位置,且一第二干涉式调制器的一可移动反射层处于一受激励位置。
图2为一系统方块图,其显示一包含一3×3干涉式调制器显示器的电子装置的一实施例。
图3为图1所示干涉式调制器的一实例性实施例的可移动镜位置与所施加电压的关系图。
图4为一组可用于驱动干涉式调制器显示器的行和列电压的示意图。
图5A及图5B显示可用于向图3所示3×3干涉式调制器显示器写入一显示数据帧的行和列信号的一实例性时序图。
图6A为一图1所示装置的剖面图。
图6B为一干涉式调制器的一替代实施例的一剖面图。
图6C为一干涉式调制器的另一替代实施例的一剖面图。
图7A以示意图方式显示一实例性3×3干涉式调制器显示器,其具有一位于第二电极层上方且电耦接至第一电极层的导电总线。
图7B显示图7A所示3×3干涉式调制器显示器的剖面图。
图7C为取自图7A所示3×3干涉式调制器显示器的一个支柱支撑件的视图,其中至第二电极层连接线的导电总线以环形虚线显示。
图8A以示意图方式显示一实例性3×3干涉式调制器显示器,其具有一位于第二电极层上方且电耦接至第二电极层的导电总线。
图8B显示图8A所示3×3干涉式调制器显示器的剖面图。
图9A以示意图方式显示一实例性3×3干涉式调制器显示器,其具有位于第二电极层与第一电极层之间且电耦接至第一电极层的一导电总线。
图9B显示图9A所示3×3干涉式调制器显示器的剖面图。
图9C以示意图方式显示一实例性3×3干涉式调制器显示器,其具有一位于第一电极层上且电耦接至第一电极层的导电总线。
图9D显示图9C所示3×3干涉式调制器显示器的剖面图。
图9E显示图9C所示3×3干涉式调制器显示器的另一实施例的剖面图,其具有一与所述导电总线对准且位于所述导电总线和3×3干涉式调制器显示器观看侧之间的掩模材料。
图10A以示意图方式显示一实例性3×3干涉式调制器显示器,其具有位于第二电极层上方且电耦接至第一电极层的一第一导电总线、及位于第一导电总线上方且电耦接至第二电极层的一第二导电总线。
图10B显示图10A所示3×3干涉式调制器显示器的剖面图。
图11(A)至11(Q)以示意图方式显示用于在第二电极层上方形成一导电总线结构的一系列实例性过程步骤。
图12显示一干涉式调制器的一实施例的剖面图,所述干涉式调制器具有一位于光学堆叠层之内的附加介电层。
图13显示一干涉式调制器的一实施例的剖面图,所述干涉式调制器具有位于介电层内的气穴。
图14显示一经图案化的电极的一实施例,所述电极具有一缩小的电有效区域。
图15为一干涉式调制器的剖面图,其对应于图14的一通过有效区域和无效区域的平面。
图16为一干涉式调制器的另一剖面图,其对应于图14的一仅通过有效区域的平面。
图17显示一经图案化电极的一替代实施例。
图18为对应于图17的干涉式调制器的剖面图。
图19显示一干涉式调制器的一实施例,所述干涉式调制器具有担负自反射性表面层解耦的静电力的区域。
图20显示图19所示的干涉式调制器的一实施例,其处于“ON(开)”状态。
图21显示一干涉式调制器的一实施例的一透视图,所述干涉式调制器具有一用于第二电极层的弹簧设计。
图22显示一包含一3×3干涉式调制器阵列的像素的平面布置图。
图23显示一取自图22中的阵列的红色干涉式调制器的一实施例的剖面图。
图24显示一取自图22中的阵列的绿色干涉式调制器的一实施例的剖面图。
图25显示一取自图22中的阵列的蓝色干涉式调制器的一实施例的剖面图。
图26A及26B为系统方块图,其显示一包含复数个干涉式调制器的视觉显示装置的一实施例。
具体实施方式
一干涉式光调制器的一实例性实施例包含一衬底、位于所述衬底上的一第一电极层、位于所述衬底上的一第二电极层、及一导电总线层。所述导电总线层的至少一部分电耦接至所述第一电极层与所述第二电极层中至少之一。反射性表面响应施加在所述导电总线层上的电压而在第一位置与第二位置之间移动。所述导电总线层提供一电路经,所述电路径的电阻显著低于仅通过第一电极层电连接干涉式调制器列或仅通过第二电极层电连接干涉式调制器行的配置。
以下详细说明涉及本发明的某些具体实施例。不过,本发明可通过许多种不同的方式实施。在本说明中,会参照附图,在附图中,相同的部件自始至终使用相同的编号标识。根据以下说明容易看出,本发明可在任一配置用于显示图像-无论是动态图像(例如视频)还是静态图像(例如静止图像),无论是文字图像还是图片图像-的装置中实施。更具体而言,本发明可在例如(但不限于)以下众多种电子装置中实施或与这些电子装置相关联:移动电话、无线装置、个人数据助理(PDA)、手持式计算机或便携式计算机、GPS接收器/导航器、照像机、MP3播放器、摄录机、游戏机、手表、时钟、计算器、电视监视器、平板显示器、计算机监视器、汽车显示器(例如里程表显示器等)、驾驶舱控制装置及/或显示器、照像机景物显示器(例如车辆的后视照像机显示器)、电子照片、电子告示牌或标牌、投影仪、建筑结构、包装及美学结构(例如,一件珠宝的图像显示器)。与本文所述MEMS装置具有类似结构的MEMS装置也可用于非显示应用,例如用于电子切换装置中。
图1中显示一个含有一干涉式MEMS显示元件的干涉式调制器显示器实施例。在这些装置中,像素处于亮状态或暗状态。在亮(“on(开)”或“open(打开)”)状态下,显示元件将入射可见光的一大部分反射至用户。在处于暗(“off(关)”或“closed(关闭)”)状态下时,显示元件几乎不向用户反射入射可见光。视不同的实施例而定,可颠倒“on”及“off”状态的光反射性质。MEMS像素可配置成主要在所选色彩下反射,因而除黑白显示之外还可实现彩色显示。
图1为一等轴图,其显示一视觉显示器的一系列像素中的两相邻像素,其中每一像素均包含一MEMS干涉式调制器。在某些实施例中,一干涉式调制器显示器包含一由这些干涉式调制器构成的行/列阵列。每一干涉式调制器均包括一对反射层,该对反射层定位成彼此相距一可变且可控的距离,以形成一具有至少一个可变尺寸的光学谐振空腔。在一实施例中,其中一个反射层可在两个位置之间移动。在本文中称为释放状态的第一位置上,该可移动层的位置距离一固定的局部反射层相对远。在第二位置上,该可移动层的位置更近地靠近该局部反射层。根据可移动反射层的位置而定,从这两个层反射的入射光会以相长或相消方式干涉,从而形成各像素的总体反射或非反射状态。
在图1中显示的像素阵列部分包括两个相邻的干涉式调制器12a和12b。在左侧的干涉式调制器12a中,显示一可移动的高度反射层14a处于一释放位置,该释放位置距一固定的局部反射层16a一预定距离。在右侧的干涉式调制器12b中,显示一可移动的高度反射层14b处于一受激励位置处,该受激励位置邻近固定的局部反射层16b。
固定层16a、16b导电、局部透明且局部为反射性,并可通过例如在一透明衬底20上沉积一个或多个各自为铬及氧化铟锡的层而制成。所述各层被图案化成平行条带,且可形成一显示装置中的行电极,如将在下文中所进一步说明。可移动层14a、14b可形成为由沉积在支柱18顶部的一或多个沉积金属层(与行电极16a、16b正交)及一沉积在支柱18之间的中间牺牲材料构成的一系列平行条带。在牺牲材料被蚀刻掉以后,这些可变形的金属层与固定的金属层通过一规定的气隙19隔开。这些可变形层可使用一具有高度导电性及反射性的材料(例如铝),且这些条带可形成一显示装置中的列电极。
在未施加电压时,空腔19保持位于层14a、16a之间,且可变形层处于如图1中像素12a所示的一机械弛豫状态。然而,在向一所选行和列施加电位差之后,在对应像素处的行和列电极相交处形成的电容器变成充电状态,且静电力将这些电极拉向一起。如果电压足够高,则可移动层发生形变,并被压到固定层上(可在固定层上沉积一介电材料(在该图中未示出),以防止短路并控制分隔距离),如图1中右侧的像素12b所示。无论所施加的电位差极性如何,该行为均相同。因此,可控制反射与非反射像素状态的行/列激励与传统的LCD及其它显示技术中所用的行/列激励在许多方面相似。
图2至图5显示一个在一显示应用中使用一干涉式调制器阵列的实例性过程及系统。图2为一系统方块图,该图显示一可体现本发明各方面的电子装置的一个实施例。在该实例性实施例中,所述电子装置包括一处理器21,其可为任何通用单芯片或多芯片微处理器,例如ARM、Pro、8051、Power或任何专用微处理器,例如数字信号处理器、微控制器或可编程门阵列。按照所属技术领域的惯例,可将处理器21配置成执行一个或多个软件模块。除执行一个操作系统外,还可将该处理器配置成执行一个或多个软件应用程序,包括网页浏览器、电话应用程序、电子邮件程序或任何其它软件应用程序。
在一实施例中,处理器21还配置成与一阵列控制器22进行通信。在一实施例中,该阵列控制器22包括向一像素阵列30提供信号的一行驱动电路24及一列驱动电路26。图1中所示的阵列剖面图在图2中以线1-1示出。对于MEMS干涉式调制器,所述行/列激励协议可利用图3所示的这些装置的滞后性质。其可能需要例如一10伏的电位差来使一可移动层自释放状态变形至受激励状态。然而,当所述电压自该值降低时,在所述电压降低回至10伏以下时,所述可移动层将保持其状态。在图3的实例性实施例中,在电压降低至2伏以下之前,可移动层不会完全释放。因此,在图3所示的实例中,存在一大约为3-7伏的电压范围,在该电压范围内存在一施加电压窗口,在该窗口内所述装置稳定在释放或受激励状态。在本文中将其称为“滞后窗口”或“稳定窗口”。对于一具有图3所示滞后特性的显示阵列而言,行/列激励协议可设计成在行选通期间,向所选通行中将被激励的像素施加一约10伏的电压差,并向将被释放的像素施加一接近0伏的电压差。在选通之后,向像素施加一约5伏的稳态电压差,以使其保持在行选通使其所处的任何状态。在被写入之后,在该实例中,每一像素均承受一处于3-7伏的“稳定窗口”内的电位差。该特性使图1所示的像素设计在相同的所施加电压条件下稳定在一既有的激励状态或释放状态。由于干涉式调制器的每一像素,无论处于激励状态还是释放状态,实质上均是一由所述固定反射层及移动反射层所构成的电容器,因此,该稳定状态可保持于一滞后窗口内的电压下而几乎不消耗功率。如果所施加的电位恒定,则基本上没有电流流入像素。
在典型应用中,可通过根据第一行中所期望的一组受激励像素确定一组列电极而形成一显示帧。此后,将一行脉冲施加于第1行电极,从而激励与所确定的列线对应的像素。此后,将所确定的一组列电极变成与第二行中所期望的一组受激励像素对应。此后,将一脉冲施加于第2行电极,从而根据所确定的列电极来激励第2行中的相应像素。第1行的像素不受第2行的脉冲的影响,并保持于其在第1行的脉冲期间被设定的状态。可按顺序性方式对全部系列的行重复上述步骤,以形成所述的帧。通常,通过以某一所需帧数/秒的速度连续重复该过程来用新显示数据刷新及/或更新这些帧。还有很多种用于驱动像素阵列的行及列电极以形成显示帧的协议亦为人们所熟知,且可与本发明一起使用。
图4及图5显示一种用于在图2所示的3×3阵列上形成一显示帧的可能的激励协议。图4显示一组可用于具有图3所示滞后曲线的像素的可能的行及列电压电平。在图4的实施例中,激励一像素包括将相应的列设定至-Vbias,并将相应的行设定至+ΔV-其可分别对应于-5伏及+5伏。释放像素则是通过将相应的列设定至+Vbias并将相应的行设定至相同的+ΔV、由此在所述像素两端形成一0伏的电位差来实现。在那些其中行电压保持0伏的行中,像素稳定于其最初所处的状态,而与该列处于+Vbias还是-Vbias无关。
图5B为一显示一系列行及列信号的时序图,这些信号施加于图2所示的3×3阵列,其将形成图5A所示的显示布置,其中受激励像素为非反射性。在写入图5A所示的帧之前,像素可处于任何状态,在该实例中,所有的行均处于0伏,且所有的列均处于+5伏。在这些所施加电压下,所有的像素稳定于其现有的受激励状态或释放状态。
在图5A所示的帧中,像素(1,1)、(1,2)、(2,2)、(3,2)及(3,3)受到激励。为实现这一点,在第1行的行时间,将第1列及第2列设定为-5伏,将第3列设定为+5伏。此不会改变任何像素的状态,因为所有像素均保持处于3至7伏的稳定窗口内。此后,通过一自0伏上升至5伏然后又下降回至0伏的脉冲来选通第1行。由此激励像素(1,1)和(1,2)并释放像素(1,3)。阵列中的其它像素均不受影响。为将第2行设定为所期望状态,将第2列设定为-5伏,将第1列及第3列被设定为+5伏。此后,向第2行施加相同的选通脉冲将激励像素(2,2)并释放像素(2,1)和(2,3)。同样,阵列中的其它像素均不受影响。类似地,通过将第2列和第3列设定为-5伏,并将第1列设定为+5伏对第3行进行设定。第3行的选通脉冲将第3行像素设定为图5A所示的状态。在写入帧之后,行电位为0,而列电位可保持在+5或-5伏,且此后显示将稳定于图5A所示的布置。应了解,可对由数十或数百个行和列构成的阵列使用相同的程序。还应了解,用于实施行和列激励的电压的时序、顺序及电平可在以上所述的一般原理内变化很大,且上述实例仅为实例性,任何激励电压方法均可与本发明一起使用。
按照上述原理运行的干涉式调制器的详细结构可千变万化。例如,图6A至6C显示移动镜结构的三种不同实施例。图6A为图1所示实施例的剖面图,其中在正交延伸的支撑件18上沉积一金属材料条带14。在图6B中,可移动反射材料14仅在隅角处在系链32上附接至支撑件。在图6C中,可移动反射材料14悬吊在一可变形层34上。由于反射材料14的结构设计及所用材料可在光学特性方面得到优化,且可变形层34的结构设计和所用材料可在所期望机械特性方面得到优化,因此该实施例具有若干优点。在许多公开文件中,包括例如第2004/0051929号美国公开申请案中,描述了各种不同类型干涉装置的生产。可使用很多种人们所熟知的技术来制成上述结构,包括一系列材料沉积、图案化及蚀刻步骤。
对一干涉式调制器进行放电和充电的响应时间部分地取决于连接至所述干涉式调制器的电压电路的一RC(电阻-电容)时间常数。干涉式调制器的该响应时间对于干涉式调制器阵列的显示质量具有一影响。如果一给定干涉式调制器所接收到的输入扫描脉冲之间的时间短于所述干涉式调制器的响应时间,则移动层无法与输入扫描脉冲同步。在这种条件下,干涉式调制器的状态不响应于全部扫描脉冲,因此导致所显示图像的降格。因此,人们期望提供一种具有一缩短的响应时间的干涉式调制器,以实现更快的扫描和刷新速率。
连接至一干涉式调制器的电压电路包括所述干涉式调制器的电极、以及触点、导线、及提供电极与行/列驱动电子装置之间的电连接线的其它导电元件。在某些实施例中,干涉式调制器的电极的材料和几何形状会影响电压电路的RC时间常数。在某些阵列配置中,相邻干涉式调制器的电极串联耦接在一起以连接相邻的干涉式调制器与驱动电子装置,这使得RC时间常数更高。对于其它阵列配置,可使用电线或其它电连接器在行和列驱动器与干涉式调制器的电极之间进行电连接,这些电线对干涉式调制器的RC时间常数有影响。
图7A、7B和7C以示意图方式显示本文所述实施例的一干涉式调制器显示器的一实例性3×3部分。大于或小于图7A所示的3×3部分的显示器部分也与本文所描述的实施例兼容。如图7B的剖面图中所示,每个调制器包含一衬底1106、一位于所述衬底1106上的第一电极层902、及一位于所述衬底1106上的第二电极层。所述调制器进一步包含一反射性表面901,其基本上与第一电极层902平行且耦接至第二电极层1302。反射性表面901可在一第一位置和一第二位置之间移动。反射性表面901的第一位置距第一电极层902一第一距离。反射性表面901的第二位置距第一电极层902一第二距离。
如图7B中所示,在某些实施例中,每个调制器的第一电极层902是固定的,且定位成接近衬底1106。阵列的第一电极层902成行布置。这些行在图7A中未示出,但它们对应于图7A中所示的三行调制器。各行的第一电极层902彼此电连接,但与其它行的第一电极层902电绝缘。
在某些实施例中,每个调制器的第二电极层1302包含位于第一电极层902上方的移动层的至少一部分。在图7A以示意图方式显示的实施例中,第二电极层1302包含整个移动层。在某些实施例中,阵列的第二电极层1302经图案化以将各列调制器的第二电极层1302与相邻列调制器的第二电极层1302分开。因此,阵列的第二电极层1302成列布置。例如,在图7A以示意图方式显示的实施例中,第二电极层1302在每个调制器的第二电极层1302的四个隅角处具有条带或系链1300。系链1300将第二电极层1302机械耦接至位于调制器隅角处的支柱202。系链1300还机械耦接一列内相邻调制器的第二电极层1302,同时第二电极层1302与其它列的第二电极层1302电绝缘。其它与本文所述实施例兼容的第二电极层1302使用弹簧结构替代图7A中的系链1300。
如图7A和7B以示意图方式所示,在某些实施例中,每个调制器的反射性表面901通过一支撑构件1200机械耦接至对应调制器的第二电极层1302。某些其它的实施例包含复数个将反射性表面901机械耦接至第二电极层1302的支撑构件。因此,在调制器受到激励时,反射性表面901沿一基本上垂直于反射性表面901的方向903在第一位置与第二位置之间相对于第一电极层902移动。
在某些实施例中,阵列中的各个调制器进一步包含一导电总线层。导电总线层的至少一部分电耦接至第一电极层902与第二电极极层1302中至少之一。反射性表面901响应施加在导电总线层上的电压而在第一位置与第二位置之间移动。
某些实施例的导电总线层600包含一导电材料,包括但不限于金属、复合物、及合金。用于导电总线层600的实例性导电材料包括但不限于钛、铬、镍、及铝。在某些实施例中,导电总线层600沿一平行于图7B中的方向903的方向测量的厚度介于约0.1微米至约2微米的范围内。其它厚度也与本文所描述的实施例兼容。
如图7A中所示,在某些实施例中,导电总线层600定位在第二电极层1302的上方。调制器的导电总线层600构成复数个导电棒,在图7A显示的实例性实施例中,所述导电棒位于第二电极层1302的上方。每一行的导电棒彼此电连接且与其它行的导电棒电绝缘。在某些实施例中,各导电棒在一行驱动器与一对应调制器行的第一电极层902之间提供电连接线。在某些实施例中,沿这些行布置的导电棒沿一垂直于图7B中的方向903的方向测量的宽度介于约4微米与约10微米之间的范围内。其它宽度也与本文所描述的实施例兼容。
在图7A-7C所示的实例性实施例中,一调制器的导电总线层600通过所述调制器的一个或多个支柱202的一导电部分电耦接至所述调制器的第一电极层902。支柱202为移动层和第二电极层1302提供结构性支撑。如图7B中所示,在某些实施例中,支柱202的导电部分电耦接至导电总线层600和第一电极层902二者,但通过绝缘材料603与第二电极层1302电绝缘。
图7C以示意图方式显示图7A所示的与本文所述实施例兼容的干涉式调制器显示器的3×3部分的一支柱202。系链1300机械耦接至支柱202,但与导电总线层600及支柱202的导电部分700电绝缘。支柱202的导电部分700将导电总线层600电耦接至第一电极层902。如图7C中所示,支柱202的导电部分700具有一大致呈环形的形状,如同心虚线所示。在某些其它实施例中,导电部分700具有其它横截面形状(例如正方形)。在某些实施例中,导电部分700为圆筒形、圆柱形、或实心的。导电部分700的实施例可在导电总线层600和第一电极层902之间具有一均匀或不均匀的横截面。
对于图7A、7B、和7C以示意图方式显示的实施例,导电总线层600较佳地定位在第二电极层1302的上方,且远离进入干涉式调制器或自干涉式调制器反射的光的光学路径。因此,该类实施例的导电总线层600不干扰干涉式调制器的光学特性。另外,导电总线层600有利地在干涉式调制器阵列的行驱动电子装置与第一电极层902之间提供一电路径,所述电路径的电阻显著低于其它配置(例如,彼此串接的一行干涉式调制器的第一电极层902)的其它电路径,因此相对于这些其它配置可有利地降低RC时间常数。
某些实施例的导电总线层600相对于干涉式调制器显示器的其它部分定位在不同的位置。如图7A以示意图方式所示,在某些实施例中,导电总线层600位于第二电极层1302的上方。如下文所述,在某些其它实施例中,导电总线层600定位在第一电极层902以内或与其邻接,或位于第一电极层902与第二电极层1302之间。导电总线层600也可位于第一电极层902下方,或与第二电极层1302基本上位于同一平面内。导电总线层600的其它配置也与本文所描述的实施例兼容。
图8A以示意图方式显示一干涉式调制器显示器的一实例性3×3部分,在所述干涉式调制器显示器的干涉式调制器中,导电总线层800位于第二电极层1302上方且电耦接至第二电极层1302。图8B显示图8A所示干涉式调制器显示器的3×3部分的一剖面图。如图8A中所示,在某些实施例中,显示器的一列调制器的导电总线层800耦接在一起形成复数个导电棒。每一列的导电棒将所述列的第二电极层1302彼此电连接,且各列的导电棒与其它列的导电棒电绝缘。
在某些实施例中,各导电棒在一列驱动器与对应调制器列的第二电极层1302之间提供电连接。在某些实施例中,每个导电总线层800在一个或多个位置电连接至对应的第二电极层1302。如图8B中所示,导电总线层800在支柱202上方连接至第二电极层1302。在某些实施例中,沿列布置的导电棒沿一垂直于图8B中的方向903的方向测量的宽度在一介于约4微米与约10微米之间的范围内。其它宽度也与本文所描述的实施例兼容。导电总线层800有利地在干涉式调制器阵列的列驱动电子装置之间提供一电路经,所述电路径的电阻显著低于其它配置(例如,彼此串接的一列干涉式调制器的第二电极层1302)的其它电路径,因此相对于其它配置可有利地降低RC时间常数。
图9A以示意图方式显示一干涉式调制器显示器的一实例性3×3部分,在所述干涉式调制器显示器的干涉式调制器中,导电总线层900位于第一电极层902与第二电极层1302之间。图9B显示图9A所示干涉式调制器显示器的3×3部分的剖面图。在图9A所示的实例性实施例中,导电总线层900位于第二电极层1302下方且为支柱202的一导电部分。在图9B以示意图方式显示的实施例中,每一导电总线层900电耦接至一干涉式调制器行的各第一电极层902且与其它干涉式调制器行的第一电极层902电隔离。
某些该类实施例的导电总线层900电连接一行驱动器与一对应干涉式调制器行的第一电极层902。所述行驱动器选择性地通过导电总线层900向一行显示器中的干涉式调制器的第一电极层902施加电压。导电总线层900提供一其电阻显著低于仅通过第一电极层902电连接干涉式调制器行的配置的电路径。
图9C以示意图方式显示一干涉式调制器显示器的一实例性3×3部分,所述干涉式调制器显示器的干涉式调制器的导电总线层1000与一对应干涉式调制器行的第一电极层902相邻并与其电耦接。图9D显示图9C所示干涉式调制器显示器的3×3部分的剖面图。某些该类实施例的导电总线层1000电连接一行驱动器与一对应干涉式调制器行的第一电极层902,由此在所述行驱动器与所述干涉式调制器之间提供一电路径,所述电路径的电阻显著低于仅通过第一电极层902电连接干涉式调制器行的其它配置。在图9D所示的实例性实施例中,导电总线层1000定位在支柱202之间且靠近一位于下方的第一电极层902的外缘。导电总线层1000电耦接至位于下方的第一电极层902。
对导电总线层1000的材料加以选择以提高跨越第一电极层902的导电率。在某些实施例中,导电总线层1000包含铝或其它导电材料。与某些实施例的第一电极层902不同,选择用于导电总线层1000的材料可不透明。在某些实施例中,导电总线层1000沿一垂直于图9D中的方向903的方向测量的宽度在一介于约4微米与约10微米之间的范围内。
在某些实施例中,一介电层906位于导电总线层1000与反射性表面层901之间。某些该类实施例的介电层906可有利地阻止干涉式调制器的导电总线层1000与反射性表面层901之间接触。
在某些实施例中,将导电总线层1000布置在反射性表面层901下方会由于阻断干涉式调制器的入射反射光的至少一部分而对干涉式调制器的光学性能产生不利的影响。为减小导电总线层1000对干涉式调制器的光学性能的视觉影响,可利用沿一垂直于图9D中的方向903的方向测量的宽度更小的导电总线层1000。
图9E显示图9C所示干涉式调制器显示器的3×3部分的另一实施例的剖面图。图9E所示显示器的干涉式调制器具有一掩模材料1002,其大致与干涉式调制器的导电总线层1000对准且位于所述3×3干涉式调制器显示器的导电总线层1000与观看侧之间。掩模材料1002通常为一不透明且具有光学吸收性的材料,其宽度足以阻断入射光照射至导电总线层1000上。在图9E所示的实施例中,掩模材料1002通常在层1004内与一透光材料(例如SiO2)共面,所述透光材料可透射入射至调制器的入射光及自调制器反射的反射光。
图10A以示意图方式显示一具有干涉式调制器的干涉式调制器显示器的一实例性3×3部分,其中一第一导电总线层1100位于第二电极层1302上方,且一第二导电总线层1102位于第一导电总线层1100上方。图10B显示图10A所示3×3干涉式调制器显示器的剖面图。第一导电总线层1100通过至少一个支柱202的一导电部分电耦接至一干涉式调制器行的第一电极层902。第二导电总线层1102电耦接至一干涉式调制器列的第二电极层1302。第一导电总线层1100与第二导电总线层1102通过支柱202的绝缘部分605电隔离。
在图10B中,第一导电总线层1100通过一个或多个支柱202的一导电部分电耦接至第一电极层902。第二导电总线层1102在一个或多个支柱202上方的位置处电耦接至第二电极层1302。
在某些实施例中,导电总线层所提供的电阻较小的路径可有利地降低电路的RC时间常数。其第一电极层902串联电耦接的复数个干涉式调制器的实例性RC时间可在5微秒至100微秒的范围内变化,视干涉式调制器的数量而定。此相同的复数个干涉式调制器可具有一高达30-50欧姆/平方的电阻。使用导电总线层来将行和列驱动器电连接至复数个干涉式调制器的对应第一电极层902和第二电极层1302可降低电路的电阻,由此降低RC时间常数。
在机械层上制造导电总线的方法
图11(A)-11(Q)以示意图方式显示用于形成一位于一第二电极层1302上方的导电总线结构的一系列实例性过程步骤。图11(A)显示在一衬底1106上沉积一黑色掩膜1800。在某些实施例中,黑色掩膜1800包含钼。
图11(B)黑色掩膜1800经图案化和蚀刻以在衬底1106的顶部形成小岛。图11(C)显示在黑色掩膜1800和衬底1106上沉积一氧化物层1802、及在所述氧化物层1802上沉积一金属层904和一第一电极层902。在某些实施例中,金属层904包含铬,且第一电极层902包含氧化铟锡(ITO)。
图11(D)显示第一电极层902及金属层904经图案化和蚀刻以根据显示器的设计形成与列、行或其它有效配置兼容的电极和干涉式调制器。在图11(A)-11(Q)所示的实例性实施例中,第一电极层902可用作一列电极。
如图11(D)中所示,在金属层904、第一电极层902、及氧化物层1802上方形成一介电(例如氧化硅)层906。
图11(E)显示一牺牲层1804的形成。牺牲层1804决定上方悬置反射性表面901的空腔的尺寸。所述空腔的干涉特性直接受其深度的影响。某些具有彩色干涉式调制器的实施例构造有空腔深度不同的调制器,以提供红色、绿色、和蓝色的合成静态颜色。为产生这些各不相同的空腔尺寸,需针对每个不同颜色的干涉式调制器沉积一不同厚度的牺牲层1804。
例如,在某些实施例中,一第一牺牲层经沉积、掩模和图案化,使所述第一牺牲层界定一第一调制器区域。然后,一第二牺牲层经沉积和图案化以界定以上界定的第一调制器与一第二调制器的组合区域。第一牺牲层及第二牺牲层在第一干涉式调制器区域内的组合厚度大于第二牺牲层在第二干涉式调制器区域内的厚度。随后,在某些实施例中,在第二牺牲层上形成一第三牺牲层,以便针对每一彩色干涉式调制器集合界定第一、第二、及第三干涉式调制器的组合区域。在某些实施例中,该第三牺牲层不需经图案化,因为其厚度将包括在彩色干涉式调制器集合的所有三个调制器中。
在此描述的三个不同的牺牲层可具有不同的厚度。通过这种方式,所述彩色干涉式调制器集合的第一调制器将具有一深度等于所述三个牺牲层的组合厚度的空腔。所述彩色干涉式调制器集合的第二调制器将具有一深度等于三个牺牲层中的两个牺牲层的组合厚度的空腔。所述彩色干涉式调制器集合的第三调制器将具有一深度等于三个牺牲层中的一个牺牲层的厚度的空腔。在移除牺牲层以后,空腔的尺寸将因三个牺牲层的不同组合厚度而异,由此产生三种不同的颜色,例如红色、绿色和蓝色。
图11(F)显示在介电层906上沉积一反射性表面层1901。在图11(G)中,所述反射性表面层1901经图案化和蚀刻以形成所述反射性表面层1901的小岛。
图11(H)显示在反射性表面层1901和介电层906上沉积一牺牲层1810。在某些实施例中,牺牲层1810包含钼。
在图11(I)中,牺牲层1810经图案化和蚀刻以形成导电总线孔1812和反射性表面层孔1814。导电总线孔1812穿过牺牲层1810和中间层延伸至第一电极层902。反射性表面层孔1814穿过牺牲层1810延伸至反射性表面层1901。
在图11(J)中,一导电层1816沉积在牺牲层1810上和导电总线孔1812及反射性表面层孔1814中。导电层1816通过导电总线孔1812电耦接至第一电极层902。导电层1816还通过反射性表面层孔1814电耦接至反射性表面层1901。
在图11(K)中,导电层1816经图案化和蚀刻以形成一导电总线结构1820和反射性表面层连接器1818。图11(K)中所示的反射性表面层连接器1818与导电总线结构1820电隔离。
在图11(L)中,沉积一介电层1824。在图11(M)中,介电层1824经图案化和蚀刻,以移除介电层1824位于导电总线结构1820与反射性表面层连接器1818之间的区域中的部分。
图11(N)显示沉积一牺牲层1826。在图11(O)中,牺牲层1826经图案化和蚀刻,以形成用于一第二电极层1302的着陆区1828。在图11(P)中,所述第二电极层1302经沉积、图案化和蚀刻。在图11(Q)中,牺牲层1804、1810、1826被移除,由此形成具有总线结构1820的干涉式调制器。
干涉式调制器的电容可单独或与上述特性一起降低。降低电路的电容会降低RC时间常数。
刷新速率
对第一电极层902及第二电极层1302进行充电和放电或改变施加在其两端的电压所需的时间会影响显示器的刷新速率。例如,缩短第二电极层1302对改变所施加电压的反应时间可使显示器在更短的时间内进行刷新。一刷新更快的显示器可在连续的帧之间提供一更不明显的过渡。
图像分辨率
在某些实施例中,使用一包含沿一干涉式调制器阵列背侧布置的复杂布线线路的导电总线结构可改良灰度级显示技术。用于显示一灰度级图像的技术包括将像素再分成复数个干涉式模块或更小的子像素。通过在每个像素中包含更多的子像素,可以获得更深的灰度级。然而,增加子像素的数量会增加至布置在显示阵列周围的行和列驱动器所需的线路的复杂度。
在某些实施例中,使用一导电总线结构可改善灰度级显示。在时间调制中,一灰度级图像的每个干涉式调制器被通以脉冲或迅速刷新,因此观察者感觉到显示器呈现亮度级变化。在某些实施例中,干涉式调制器的刷新或调制速率在纳入以上所述一项或多项改进后得到了提高。刷新速率可根据以下计算式进行计算:
T_line=T_rc+T_interferometric modulator
其中T_line为更新1条线所需的时间;
T_rc为所述线的RC时间;
T_interferometric modulator为干涉式调制器的机械响应时间。
因此:
T_refresh=n_rows×T_line
其中T_refresh为更新整个屏幕所需的时间;
n_rows为显示器上的行数。
因此:
屏幕刷新速度(Screen Refresh Rate)=1/T_refresh
其中屏幕刷新速度(Screen Refresh Rate)为整个显示器的刷新速度,单位通常为Hz。
由于使用导电总线缩短了T_rc,因此T_line缩短且T_refresh缩短。随着T_refresh的缩短,屏幕刷新速度提高并改良了时间调制。
重新参考图7A和7B,第一电极层902具有一固有导电率,其取决于为第一电极层902所选择的材料。将一导电率更高的材料用于第一电极层902可降低干涉式调制器的电路电阻。在某些实施例中,选择用于第一电极层902的材料包含其导电率较氧化铟锡(ITO)为高的氧化锌锡(ZnTO)。
第一电极层902的厚度可变化。在某些实施例中,沿一平行于图7B中的方向903的方向测量的厚度可在300埃和2,000埃之间。也可使用其它厚度的第一电极层902。
可选择一具有低介电常数的材料用于氧化物层或分隔第一电极层902与第二电极层1302的介电材料906。所述介电材料将第二电极层1302与第一电极层902电绝缘,以将一电荷或电压储存在第一电极层和第二电极层之间。介电层906进一步允许所述电压或电荷形成一作用在第二电极层1302上的静电力。一具有一低介电常数的材料可有利地降低电路的RC时间常数。例如,一低介电常数(K)材料可具有一较一使用氧化硅(3.8)制造的介电材料更低的介电常数。在某些实施例中,介电层906的介电常数低达2.0。
降低电容
可添加不同的及附加的材料以降低电路的电容。在某些实施例中,选择用于介电层906的材料可降低电路的电容。这些材料包括旋涂玻璃、氮化硅、二氧化硅、二氧化铝、及一种或多种这些材料的复合物。
在某些实施例中,在金属层904和第一电极层902之间提供一第二介电层104。如图12所示,在某些实施例中,第二介电层104位于金属层904与第一电极层902之间。该增加介电层104是在介电层或氧化物层906的基础上添加。在该类实施例中,介电层104用于分隔第一电极层902的光学功能装置与电功能装置。在某些实施例中,这一配置不会对显示器的图像质量产生不利的影响。
在干涉式调制器的某些实施例中,在反射性表面901处于“近”位置时,由于添加第二介电层104所致的电容降低随介电层906及第二介电层104的厚度而变化。在某些实施例中,所述两个介电层906、104包含相同的材料,而在其它实施例中,所述两个介电层包含不同的材料。在介电层906与第二介电层104为相同的材料时,一干涉式调制器的电容可利用以下等式近似得出。
电容~(反射性表面901的面积)×(介电常数)×(电容率常数)/(顶部介电层906的厚度+底部介电层104的厚度)
在某些实施例中,介电层906的厚度可变化。如在图13中所示,介电层906包含一个或多个埋置于介电层906内部的气隙1900。
图14和图17显示一呈行和列布置的相邻干涉式调制器阵列,每个调制器具有第一电极层902的一中心部分,该中心部分与第一电极层902的一外围部分电隔离。在某些实施例中,第一电极层902内的凹槽将中心部分与外围部分分开。在某些该类实施例中,减小了第一电极层902的参与干涉式调制器驱动的部分的面积,由此减小了电路的电容。
在某些实施例中,只有外围部分可提供第一电极层902的电有效区域。在某些该类实施利中,外围部分电连接至一导电总线结构。在某些其它实施利中,只有中心部分可提供第一电极层902的电有效区域。在某些该类实施例中,中心部分电连接至一导电总线结构。图15和图16为取自图14的两个相邻干涉式调制器的剖面,所述干涉式调制器具有一与两个干涉式调制器的一外围部分902(b)电隔离的电有效中心部分902(a)。
图17显示一呈行和列布置的干涉式调制器112的阵列,每个干涉式调制器112具有一第一电极层902,第一电极层902的列部分902(c)与第一电极层902的两个外围部分902(d)、902(e)电隔离。在某些实施例中,外围部分902(c)、902(d)、902(e)中的一个或多个可提供第一电极层902的电有效区域,且外围部分902(c)、902(d)、902(e)中的一个或多个不提供第一电极层902的电有效区域。图18为取自图17的两个干涉式调制器112的剖面图,干涉式调制器112具有与两个干涉式调制器的非电有效列部分902(c)电隔离的电有效外围部分902(d)、902(e)。
图19和图20显示一干涉式调制器的一实施例,所述干涉式调制器具有包含多于两个电有效区域404(a)-(e)的一第一电极层902。电有效区域404(a)-(e)与第二电极层1302一起产生一将第二电极层1302朝向电有效区域404(a)-(e)拉动的静电力。随着第二电极层1302朝向电有效区域404(a)-(e)移动,反射性表面901相对于衬底1106及金属层904移动一对应距离。反射性表面901的移动使干涉式调制器转变为如上所述的“ON(打开)”或“OFF(关闭)”状态。通过将这两个功能解耦,可将光学层(或机械层)的电有效部分的面积减小到小于光学层(或机械层)的光学部分的面积。
降低功率消耗
降低电路的电阻及电容的另一好处是功率消耗的降低。例如,为对一干涉式调制器阵列进行充电和放电,列和行驱动器需要电力以对所述干涉式调制器进行充电和放电。通过降低各个干涉式调制器的电容,在激活每个干涉式调制器时,行和列驱动器可施加一更低的电压。在某些实施例中,通过改变干涉式模块的机械刚度及/或影响干涉式调制器内的静电力强度可达成激活电压的降低。
例如,干涉式模块的几何变化可以降低第二电极层1302的机械刚度。实例性几何变化包括增大相邻支柱202之间的间隔或改变第二电极层1302的形状。在某些实施例中,增大支柱202之间的标称间隔会提高所附装第二电极层1302的挠性。该挠性的提高使第二电极层1302和反射性表面901能够响应于施加一更低的激活电压的列或行驱动器而改变状态。
如图21中所示,在某些实施例中,可改变第二电极层1302的几何形状以模拟一机械弹簧。机械弹簧设计可使反射性表面901与第二电极层1302解耦。在反射性表面901上下移动时,系链120构成一弹簧部分。在某些实施例中,反射性表面901包含一刚性体(例如一反射性表面层)的一部分。通过这种方式,系链120及反射性表面901被解耦,因为一个的移动基本上不会影响另一个。
第二电极层1302的材料选择可影响激活电压。选择一更柔顺的材料会提高第二电极层1302的挠性。在某些实施例中,通过这种方式,行和列驱动器施加一更低的激活电压且仍可获得期望的反射性表面层位移。在某些实施例中,第二电极层1302包含一更柔顺的材料(例如铝)以使反射性表面层901能够响应于一较一包含镍的第二电极层1302更低的激活电压。可用于第二电极层1302的其它实例性材料包括但不限于铬、铜、由氧化物和金属制成的复合物(例如,包覆铝的氮化硅)、金属加强的有机膜(例如镀有任一金属实例的光阻剂)。通过降低第二电极层1302的厚度可进一步降低第二电极层1302的机械刚度。在某些实施例中,第二电极层1302具有一约500埃的厚度。
在某些实施例中,另一种用于降低激活电压的技术是改变形成于第一电极层902与第二电极层1302之间的电场的强度。该技术通过图案化第一电极层902以减少电有效区域的大小来提高电场强度。通过这种方式,可减小形成电有效部分的干涉式调制器的面积。假定所有其它参数保持不变,通过缩小如图14-18所示的电有效区域来图案化电极具有提高激励电压的效果。
在某些实施例中,通过为所述一个或多个介电层906选择具有更高的介电常数的材料可进一步降低激活电压。首先,介电常数与激励电压之间的关系为:
V~1/(K^1/2)
所述电压与介电常数的平方根成反比。因此,随着该常数的增大,将第二电极层1302朝向第一电极极层902拉动所需的电压会降低。具有更高介电常数的材料可增大在第一电极层与第二电极层之间产生的静电吸引力。
在图22中显示了某些实施例的一种可能的像素配置602。该视图由观察者自衬底106的正面观看,且由九个元件构成,红色、绿色和蓝色中的每种颜色各三个。如图所示,调制器1400(a)、1400(b)、1400(c)可对应于红色,1400(d)、1400(e)、1400(f)可对应于绿色,1400(g)、1400(h)、1400(i)可对应于蓝色。在图22以示意图方式显示的实施例中,干涉式调制器阵列布置为一N×N矩阵以提供一图像显示表面。
在某些实施例中,可通过改变镜和光学堆叠之间的距离获得三种不同的颜色(红色、绿色和蓝色)。当在调制器上施加一电压时,所有调制器可朝向电极移动一相同的距离或不同的距离。事实上,所有九个调制器可横越整个空腔并移动至一使其与衬底106直接接触的近位置。空腔在静止状态下的尺寸分别如图22、23和25中的竖直尺寸1500、1600、和1700所示。在一个实施例中,竖直尺寸1500、1600、和1700分别为4000埃、3000埃和2000埃。
干涉式调制器很小,其一侧通常为25-60微米(每英时400-1,000个点)。因此,在某些实施例中,多个干涉式调制器元件可进行组合并在一单色、彩色、或灰度级显示器中作为一个像素或子像素一起驱动。例如,每个干涉式调制器可对应于一单色显示器中的一个显示像素。对于彩色或灰度级显示器而言,在某些实施例中每个干涉式调制器的颜色或强度取决于光学层和机械层之间的气隙的尺寸。具有不同强度或颜色的多个子元件可形成一灰度级或彩色像素。为制作一平板显示器,需按照所需的格式制作一大型干涉式调制器阵列(例如,5英时全彩色VGA)。
在某些实施例中,调制器1400(a)的反射性表面901可具有设计成使反射性表面901稳定在一距离1500处的背部支撑件、一挠性层和支柱界面。在某些实施例中,调制器1400(d)的反射性表面901可具有设计成使反射性表面层稳定在一小于距离1500的距离1600处的背部支撑件、一挠性层和支柱界面。最后,在某些实施例中,调制器1400(g)的反射性表面层901可具有设计成使反射性表面层稳定在一小于距离1600的距离1700处的背部支撑件、一挠性层和支柱界面。通过这种方式,在某些实施例中控制支撑件的机械特性及/或物理限制的结果是形成三种不同的空腔尺寸,且由此产生三种不同的像素颜色。
或者,可操纵挠性层和支撑件的不同特性以使反射性表面层901在施加相同的电压时移动不同的距离。还有一种选择是,所有调制器可具有相同的结构,但所施加的电压不同以获得不同的颜色。
图26A及26B为显示一显示装置2040的一实施例的系统方块图。显示装置2040例如可为蜂窝式电话或移动电话。然而,显示装置2040的相同组件或其稍作变化的形式也可作为例如电视及便携式媒体播放器等各种类型显示装置的例证。
显示装置2040包括一外壳2041、一显示器2030、一天线2043、一扬声器2045、一输入装置2048及一麦克风2046。外壳2041通常由所属领域的技术人员所熟知的众多种制造工艺中的任一种工艺制成,包括注射成型及真空成形。此外,外壳2041可由众多种材料中的任一种材料制成,包括但不限于塑料、金属、玻璃、橡胶及陶瓷、或其一组合。在一实施例中,外壳2041包括可拆部分(未图示),这些可拆部分可与其它具有不同颜色的、或包含不同标志、图片或符号的可拆部分换用。
实例性显示装置2040的显示器2030可为众多种显示器中的任一种,包括本文所述的双稳显示器。在其它实施例中,如所属技术领域的技术人员所熟知,显示器2030包括一平板显示器,例如如上所述的等离子体显示器、EL、OLED、STN LCD或TFTLCD,或一非平板显示器,例如CRT或其它电子管装置。然而,为便于说明本实施例,显示器2030包括一如本文所述的干涉式调制器显示器。
图26B以示意图形式显示实例性显示装置2040的一实施例中的组件。所示实例性显示装置2040包括一外壳2041,并可包括其它至少部分地封闭于其中的组件。例如,在一实施例中,实例性显示装置2040包括一网络接口2027,该网络接口2027包括一耦接至一收发器2047的天线2043。收发器2047连接至处理器2021,处理器2021又连接至调节硬件2052。调节硬件2052可配置成对一信号进行调节(例如对一信号进行滤波)。调节硬件2052连接至一扬声器2045及一麦克风2046。处理器2021还连接至一输入装置2048及一驱动控制器2029。驱动控制器2029耦接至一帧缓冲器2028并耦接至阵列驱动器2022,阵列驱动器2022又耦接至一显示阵列2030。一电源2050根据具体实例性显示装置2040的设计要求为所有组件供电。
网络接口2027包括天线2043及收发器2047,以使实例性显示装置2040可通过网络与一个或多个装置进行通信。在一实施例中,网络接口2027还可具有某些处理能力,以降低对处理器2021的要求。天线2043是所属领域的技术人员所知的用于发射及接收信号的任一种天线。在一实施例中,该天线根据IEEE 802.11标准(包括IEEE 802.11(a),(b),或(g))来发射及接收RF信号。在另一实施例中,该天线根据蓝牙(BLUETOOTH)标准来发射及接收RF信号。倘若为蜂窝式电话,则该天线被设计成接收CDMA、GSM、AMPS或其它用于在无线蜂窝电话网络中进行通信的习知信号。收发器2047对自天线2043接收的信号进行预处理,以使其可由处理器2021接收及进一步处理。收发器2047还处理自处理器2021接收到的信号,以使其可通过天线2043自实例性显示装置2040发射。
在一替代实施例中,可由一接收器取代收发器2047。在又一替代实施例中,可由一图像源取代网络接口2027,该图像源可存储或产生拟发送至处理器2021的图像数据。例如,该图像源可为一含有图像数据的数字视频光盘(DVD)或硬盘驱动器、或一产生图像数据的软件模块。
处理器2021通常控制实例性显示装置2040的总体运行。处理器2021自网络接口2027或一图像源接收数据(例如压缩的图像数据),并将该数据处理成原始图像数据或处理成一种易于处理成原始图像数据的格式。然后,处理器2021将处理后的数据发送至驱动控制器2029或发送至帧缓冲器2028进行存储。原始数据通常是指可识别一图像内每一位置处的图像特性的信息。例如,所述图像特性可包括颜色、饱和度及灰度级。
在一实施例中,处理器2021包括一微控制器、CPU、或用于控制实例性显示装置2040的运行的逻辑单元。调节硬件2052通常包括用于向扬声器2045发送信号及用于自麦克风2046接收信号的放大器及滤波器。调节硬件2052可为实例性显示装置2040内的离散组件,或者可并入处理器2021或其它组件内。
驱动控制器2029直接自处理器2021或自帧缓冲器2028获取由处理器2021产生的原始图像数据,并适当地将原始图像数据重新格式化以便高速传输至阵列驱动器2022。具体而言,驱动控制器2029将原始图像数据重新格式化成一具有光栅状格式的数据流,以使其具有一适合于扫描显示阵列2030的时间次序。然后,驱动控制器2029将格式化后的信息发送至阵列驱动器2022。尽管驱动控制器2029(例如LCD控制器)通常是作为一独立的集成电路(IC)与系统处理器2021相关联,然而这些控制器也可按许多种方式进行构建。其可作为硬件嵌入处理器2021中、作为软件嵌入处理器2021中、或以硬件形式与阵列驱动器2022完全整合。
通常,阵列驱动器2022自驱动控制器2029接收格式化后的信息并将视频数据重新格式化成一组平行的波形,该组平行的波形可每秒许多次地施加至来自显示器的x-y像素阵列的数百条、有时数千条引线。
在一实施例中,驱动控制器2029、阵列驱动器2022、及显示阵列2030适用于本文所述的任一类型的显示器。例如,在一实施例中,驱动控制器2029是一传统的显示控制器或一双稳显示控制器(例如一干涉式调制器控制器)。在另一实施例中,阵列驱动器2022是一传统驱动器或一双稳显示驱动器(例如一干涉式调制器显示器)。在一实施例中,一驱动控制器2029与阵列驱动器2022相整合。这种实施例在例如蜂窝式电话、手表及其它小面积显示器等高度集成的系统中很常见。在又一实施例中,显示阵列2030是一典型的显示阵列或一双稳显示阵列(例如一包含一干涉式调制器阵列的显示器)。
输入装置2048使用户能够控制实例性显示装置2040的运行。在一实施例中,输入装置2048包括一小键盘(例如QWERTY键盘或电话小键盘)、一按钮、一开关、一触敏屏幕、一压敏或热敏薄膜。在一实施例中,麦克风2046是实例性显示装置2040的输入装置。当使用麦克风2046向该装置输入数据时,可由用户提供语音命令来控制实例性显示装置2040的运行。
电源2050可包含许多种能量存储装置,此在所属技术领域内众所周知。例如,在一实施例中,电源2050为一可再充电的蓄电池,例如一镍-镉蓄电池或一锂离子蓄电池。在另一实施例中,电源2050是一可再生能源、电容器或太阳能电池,包括塑料太阳能电池及太阳能电池漆。在另一实施例中,电源2050配置成自墙上插座接收电力。
在某些实施方案中,控制可编程性如上文所述存在于一驱动控制器中,该驱动控制器可位于电子显示系统中的数个位置上。在某些情形中,控制可编程性存在于阵列驱动器2022中。所属领域的技术人员将认识到,可在任意数量的硬件及/或软件组件中及在不同的配置中实施上述优化。
尽管上文详细说明已显示、说明及指出本发明的适用于各种实施例的新颖特征,然而应了解,所属领域的技术人员可在形式及细节上对所示装置或工艺作出各种省略、替代及改变,此并不背离本发明的精神。所属领域的一般技术人员将易知将上述特征与干涉式调制器相结合的方法。另外,可将一个或多个该类特征修改成适于与任一实施例及其它干涉式调制器配置一起使用。应知道,由于某些特征可与其它特征相独立地使用或付诸实践,因而可在一并不提供本文所述的所有特征及优点的形式内实施本发明。
Claims (29)
1.一种微机电系统,其包含:
多个干涉式调制器的阵列,所述多个干涉式调制器中的每一个干涉式调制器包含:
第一电极层;以及
可移动层,其包括第二电极层和反射性表面,所述反射性表面在第一位置和第二位置之间沿基本上垂直于该反射性表面的方向可移动,所述第一位置距所述第一电极层第一距离,所述第二位置距所述第一电极层第二距离;
其中,所述第一电极层成行布置,每一行的第一电极层以串联方式彼此电连接;
其中,所述第二电极层成列布置,每一列的第二电极层以串联方式彼此电连接;以及
导电总线层,所述导电总线层电连接至在一行中的两个或多个干涉式调制器的所述第一电极层或至在一列中的两个或多个干涉式调制器的所述第二电极层,其中,所述导电总线层与其所连接至的电极层的结合提供了在行驱动电子装置和所述行之间或在列驱动电子装置和所述列之间的电路径,所述电路径具有比如果在一行中的多个干涉式调制器或在一列中的多个干涉式调制器仅通过所述第一电极层或第二电极层连接的情况下更低的电阻;
其中,所述反射性表面响应施加到所述导电总线层的电压而在所述第一位置和所述第二位置之间移动。
2.如权利要求1所述的系统,其中,在一行中的所述第一电极层与在其它行中的所述第一电极层电绝缘。
3.如权利要求1所述的系统,其中,在一列中的所述第二电极层与在其它列中的所述第二电极层电绝缘。
4.如权利要求1所述的系统,其中,每一个干涉式调制器包括光学堆叠。
5.如权利要求4所述的系统,其中,每一个光学堆叠包括所述第一电极层。
6.如权利要求1所述的系统,其中,所述导电总线层电连接至在一行中的两个或多个干涉式调制器的所述第一电极层。
7.如权利要求1所述的系统,其中,所述导电总线层电连接至在一列中的两个或多个干涉式调制器的所述第二电极层。
8.如权利要求1所述的系统,其中,所述导电总线层定位于在一列中的所述第二电极层的上方。
9.如权利要求1所述的系统,其中,所述导电总线层邻接在一行中的所述第一电极层。
10.如权利要求1所述的系统,其中,所述第二电极层包含所述反射性表面。
11.如权利要求1所述的系统,其进一步包含反射层,所述反射层耦合到所述第二电极层,其中,所述反射层包含所述反射性表面。
12.如权利要求1所述的系统,其中,所述导电总线层包含导电金属。
13.如权利要求1所述的系统,其中,所述导电总线层具有介于0.1微米和2微米之间的厚度。
14.如权利要求1所述的系统,其中,所述导电总线层具有介于4微米和10微米之间的宽度。
15.如权利要求1所述的系统,其中,所述第一电极层具有介于300埃和2000埃之间的厚度。
16.如权利要求1所述的系统,其进一步包含:
显示器;
处理器,其与所述显示器电连通,所述处理器经配置以处理图像数据;以及
存储装置,其与所述处理器电连通。
17.如权利要求16所述的系统,其进一步包含:
驱动电路,其经配置以发送至少一个信号到所述显示器;以及
控制器,其经配置以发送所述图像数据的至少一部分到所述驱动电路。
18.如权利要求16所述的系统,其进一步包含:
图像源模块,其经配置以向所述处理器发送所述图像数据,其中,所述图像源模块包含接收器、收发器和发射器中的至少一个。
19.如权利要求16所述的系统,其进一步包含:
输入装置,其经配置以接收输入数据并将所述输入数据传送到所述处理器。
20.如权利要求1所述的系统,其中,所述导电总线层经配置以在与具有多个串联电极层的装置比较时,降低驱动器与所述装置之间的电阻-电容时间常数。
21.如权利要求1所述的系统,其中,所述导电总线层经配置以避免干扰所述装置的光学特性。
22.如权利要求12所述的系统,其中,所述导电总线层包含复合合金、铝、铬、钛和镍中的至少一种。
23.一种制造微机电系统的方法,其包含:
形成多个干涉式调制器的阵列,所述多个干涉式调制器中的每一个包含:
第一电极层;以及
可移动层,其包括第二电极层和反射性表面,所述反射性表面在第一位置和第二位置之间沿基本上垂直于该反射性表面的方向可移动,所述第一位置距所述第一电极层第一距离,所述第二位置距所述第一电极层第二距离;
其中,所述第一电极层成行布置,每一行的第一电极层以串联方式彼此电连接;
其中,所述第二电极层成列布置,每一列的第二电极层以串联方式彼此电连接;以及
将导电总线层电连接至在一行中的两个或多个干涉式调制器的所述第一电极层或在一列中的两个或多个干涉式调制器的所述第二电极层;其中,所述导电总线层与其所连接至的电极层的结合提供了在行驱动电子装置和所述行之间或在列驱动电子装置和所述列之间的电路径,所述电路径具有比如果在一行中的多个干涉式调制器或在一列中的多个干涉式调制器仅通过所述第一电极层或第二电极层连接的情况下更低的电阻。
24.如权利要求23所述的方法,其中,在一行中的所述第一电极层与在其它行中的所述第一电极层电绝缘。
25.如权利要求23所述的方法,其中,在一列中的所述第二电极层与在其它列中的所述第二电极层电绝缘。
26.如权利要求23所述的方法,其中,形成多个干涉式调制器的阵列包含形成光学堆叠。
27.如权利要求26所述的方法,其中,所述光学堆叠包括所述第一电极层。
28.如权利要求23所述的方法,其中,所述导电总线层具有介于0.1微米和2微米之间的厚度。
29.如权利要求23所述的方法,其中,所述导电总线层具有介于4微米和10微米之间的宽度。
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US61337204P | 2004-09-27 | 2004-09-27 | |
US60/613,372 | 2004-09-27 | ||
US11/057,045 US7289259B2 (en) | 2004-09-27 | 2005-02-11 | Conductive bus structure for interferometric modulator array |
US11/057,045 | 2005-02-11 |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN2005101034453A Division CN1755478B (zh) | 2004-09-27 | 2005-09-15 | 用于干涉式调制器阵列的导电总线结构 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN102426405A CN102426405A (zh) | 2012-04-25 |
CN102426405B true CN102426405B (zh) | 2015-04-29 |
Family
ID=35478369
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201110316908.XA Expired - Fee Related CN102426405B (zh) | 2004-09-27 | 2005-09-15 | 用于干涉式调制器阵列的导电总线结构 |
CN2005101034453A Expired - Fee Related CN1755478B (zh) | 2004-09-27 | 2005-09-15 | 用于干涉式调制器阵列的导电总线结构 |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN2005101034453A Expired - Fee Related CN1755478B (zh) | 2004-09-27 | 2005-09-15 | 用于干涉式调制器阵列的导电总线结构 |
Country Status (14)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (4) | US7289259B2 (zh) |
EP (2) | EP2642329A3 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP4501004B2 (zh) |
KR (3) | KR101170706B1 (zh) |
CN (2) | CN102426405B (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2005203376A1 (zh) |
BR (1) | BRPI0503899A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2517048A1 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2511765T3 (zh) |
HK (1) | HK1087192A1 (zh) |
MX (1) | MXPA05009546A (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2005129915A (zh) |
SG (1) | SG121058A1 (zh) |
TW (1) | TWI440889B (zh) |
Families Citing this family (105)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7532377B2 (en) * | 1998-04-08 | 2009-05-12 | Idc, Llc | Movable micro-electromechanical device |
US8928967B2 (en) | 1998-04-08 | 2015-01-06 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Method and device for modulating light |
WO1999052006A2 (en) | 1998-04-08 | 1999-10-14 | Etalon, Inc. | Interferometric modulation of radiation |
WO2003007049A1 (en) | 1999-10-05 | 2003-01-23 | Iridigm Display Corporation | Photonic mems and structures |
US6574033B1 (en) | 2002-02-27 | 2003-06-03 | Iridigm Display Corporation | Microelectromechanical systems device and method for fabricating same |
US7583429B2 (en) | 2004-09-27 | 2009-09-01 | Idc, Llc | Ornamental display device |
US8008736B2 (en) | 2004-09-27 | 2011-08-30 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Analog interferometric modulator device |
US7289259B2 (en) * | 2004-09-27 | 2007-10-30 | Idc, Llc | Conductive bus structure for interferometric modulator array |
US8310441B2 (en) | 2004-09-27 | 2012-11-13 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Method and system for writing data to MEMS display elements |
US7719500B2 (en) | 2004-09-27 | 2010-05-18 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Reflective display pixels arranged in non-rectangular arrays |
US7612932B2 (en) | 2004-09-27 | 2009-11-03 | Idc, Llc | Microelectromechanical device with optical function separated from mechanical and electrical function |
US7372613B2 (en) | 2004-09-27 | 2008-05-13 | Idc, Llc | Method and device for multistate interferometric light modulation |
US7944599B2 (en) | 2004-09-27 | 2011-05-17 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Electromechanical device with optical function separated from mechanical and electrical function |
US7936497B2 (en) | 2004-09-27 | 2011-05-03 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | MEMS device having deformable membrane characterized by mechanical persistence |
US7420725B2 (en) | 2004-09-27 | 2008-09-02 | Idc, Llc | Device having a conductive light absorbing mask and method for fabricating same |
US7327510B2 (en) * | 2004-09-27 | 2008-02-05 | Idc, Llc | Process for modifying offset voltage characteristics of an interferometric modulator |
TW200628877A (en) * | 2005-02-04 | 2006-08-16 | Prime View Int Co Ltd | Method of manufacturing optical interference type color display |
US7884989B2 (en) | 2005-05-27 | 2011-02-08 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | White interferometric modulators and methods for forming the same |
US7460292B2 (en) * | 2005-06-03 | 2008-12-02 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Interferometric modulator with internal polarization and drive method |
EP2495212A3 (en) * | 2005-07-22 | 2012-10-31 | QUALCOMM MEMS Technologies, Inc. | Mems devices having support structures and methods of fabricating the same |
KR100827317B1 (ko) * | 2005-09-07 | 2008-05-06 | 삼성전기주식회사 | 연성 기판을 이용한 초소형 광 변조기 모듈 |
US7630114B2 (en) | 2005-10-28 | 2009-12-08 | Idc, Llc | Diffusion barrier layer for MEMS devices |
US7916980B2 (en) | 2006-01-13 | 2011-03-29 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Interconnect structure for MEMS device |
US7382515B2 (en) | 2006-01-18 | 2008-06-03 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Silicon-rich silicon nitrides as etch stops in MEMS manufacture |
US7711239B2 (en) * | 2006-04-19 | 2010-05-04 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Microelectromechanical device and method utilizing nanoparticles |
US20070268201A1 (en) * | 2006-05-22 | 2007-11-22 | Sampsell Jeffrey B | Back-to-back displays |
US7649671B2 (en) | 2006-06-01 | 2010-01-19 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Analog interferometric modulator device with electrostatic actuation and release |
US7471442B2 (en) | 2006-06-15 | 2008-12-30 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for low range bit depth enhancements for MEMS display architectures |
US7835061B2 (en) | 2006-06-28 | 2010-11-16 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Support structures for free-standing electromechanical devices |
US7527998B2 (en) | 2006-06-30 | 2009-05-05 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Method of manufacturing MEMS devices providing air gap control |
US7629197B2 (en) | 2006-10-18 | 2009-12-08 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Spatial light modulator |
US20080111834A1 (en) * | 2006-11-09 | 2008-05-15 | Mignard Marc M | Two primary color display |
US7706042B2 (en) | 2006-12-20 | 2010-04-27 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | MEMS device and interconnects for same |
US8115987B2 (en) | 2007-02-01 | 2012-02-14 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Modulating the intensity of light from an interferometric reflector |
US7742220B2 (en) | 2007-03-28 | 2010-06-22 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Microelectromechanical device and method utilizing conducting layers separated by stops |
US7715085B2 (en) * | 2007-05-09 | 2010-05-11 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Electromechanical system having a dielectric movable membrane and a mirror |
US7643202B2 (en) * | 2007-05-09 | 2010-01-05 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Microelectromechanical system having a dielectric movable membrane and a mirror |
US7719752B2 (en) | 2007-05-11 | 2010-05-18 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | MEMS structures, methods of fabricating MEMS components on separate substrates and assembly of same |
US8111262B2 (en) * | 2007-05-18 | 2012-02-07 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Interferometric modulator displays with reduced color sensitivity |
US7643199B2 (en) * | 2007-06-19 | 2010-01-05 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | High aperture-ratio top-reflective AM-iMod displays |
US7782517B2 (en) | 2007-06-21 | 2010-08-24 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Infrared and dual mode displays |
US7630121B2 (en) | 2007-07-02 | 2009-12-08 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Electromechanical device with optical function separated from mechanical and electrical function |
US8068268B2 (en) | 2007-07-03 | 2011-11-29 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | MEMS devices having improved uniformity and methods for making them |
US7595926B2 (en) | 2007-07-05 | 2009-09-29 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Integrated IMODS and solar cells on a substrate |
WO2009018287A1 (en) | 2007-07-31 | 2009-02-05 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Devices for enhancing colour shift of interferometric modulators |
US8072402B2 (en) | 2007-08-29 | 2011-12-06 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Interferometric optical modulator with broadband reflection characteristics |
US7773286B2 (en) * | 2007-09-14 | 2010-08-10 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Periodic dimple array |
US7847999B2 (en) | 2007-09-14 | 2010-12-07 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Interferometric modulator display devices |
US8058549B2 (en) * | 2007-10-19 | 2011-11-15 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Photovoltaic devices with integrated color interferometric film stacks |
WO2009052324A2 (en) | 2007-10-19 | 2009-04-23 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Display with integrated photovoltaic device |
EP2203765A1 (en) | 2007-10-23 | 2010-07-07 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Adjustably transmissive mems-based devices |
US20090293955A1 (en) * | 2007-11-07 | 2009-12-03 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Photovoltaics with interferometric masks |
US8941631B2 (en) | 2007-11-16 | 2015-01-27 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Simultaneous light collection and illumination on an active display |
US7715079B2 (en) | 2007-12-07 | 2010-05-11 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | MEMS devices requiring no mechanical support |
US7863079B2 (en) | 2008-02-05 | 2011-01-04 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Methods of reducing CD loss in a microelectromechanical device |
US8164821B2 (en) | 2008-02-22 | 2012-04-24 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Microelectromechanical device with thermal expansion balancing layer or stiffening layer |
US7944604B2 (en) | 2008-03-07 | 2011-05-17 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Interferometric modulator in transmission mode |
US7612933B2 (en) | 2008-03-27 | 2009-11-03 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Microelectromechanical device with spacing layer |
US7898723B2 (en) | 2008-04-02 | 2011-03-01 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Microelectromechanical systems display element with photovoltaic structure |
US7969638B2 (en) | 2008-04-10 | 2011-06-28 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Device having thin black mask and method of fabricating the same |
US7746539B2 (en) | 2008-06-25 | 2010-06-29 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Method for packing a display device and the device obtained thereof |
US8023167B2 (en) | 2008-06-25 | 2011-09-20 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Backlight displays |
US7768690B2 (en) | 2008-06-25 | 2010-08-03 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Backlight displays |
US7859740B2 (en) | 2008-07-11 | 2010-12-28 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Stiction mitigation with integrated mech micro-cantilevers through vertical stress gradient control |
US7855826B2 (en) | 2008-08-12 | 2010-12-21 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus to reduce or eliminate stiction and image retention in interferometric modulator devices |
US8358266B2 (en) | 2008-09-02 | 2013-01-22 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Light turning device with prismatic light turning features |
US8270056B2 (en) * | 2009-03-23 | 2012-09-18 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Display device with openings between sub-pixels and method of making same |
US8736590B2 (en) * | 2009-03-27 | 2014-05-27 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Low voltage driver scheme for interferometric modulators |
US8405649B2 (en) | 2009-03-27 | 2013-03-26 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Low voltage driver scheme for interferometric modulators |
CN102449513B (zh) | 2009-05-29 | 2015-01-21 | 高通Mems科技公司 | 照明装置及其制造方法 |
TWI400510B (zh) * | 2009-07-08 | 2013-07-01 | Prime View Int Co Ltd | 顯示裝置及其微機電陣列基板 |
US8270062B2 (en) | 2009-09-17 | 2012-09-18 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Display device with at least one movable stop element |
US8488228B2 (en) | 2009-09-28 | 2013-07-16 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Interferometric display with interferometric reflector |
US8310421B2 (en) * | 2010-01-06 | 2012-11-13 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Display drive switch configuration |
WO2011126953A1 (en) | 2010-04-09 | 2011-10-13 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Mechanical layer of an electromechanical device and methods of forming the same |
CA2796519A1 (en) | 2010-04-16 | 2011-10-20 | Flex Lighting Ii, Llc | Illumination device comprising a film-based lightguide |
BR112012026329A2 (pt) | 2010-04-16 | 2019-09-24 | Flex Lighting Ii Llc | sinal compreendendo um guia de luz baseado em película |
EP2561506A2 (en) * | 2010-04-22 | 2013-02-27 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc | Active matrix pixel with integrated processor and memory units |
CN103109315A (zh) | 2010-08-17 | 2013-05-15 | 高通Mems科技公司 | 对干涉式显示装置中的电荷中性电极的激活和校准 |
US9057872B2 (en) | 2010-08-31 | 2015-06-16 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Dielectric enhanced mirror for IMOD display |
DE102011006596B4 (de) | 2011-03-31 | 2019-02-28 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Mikromechanische Anordnung und entsprechendes Herstellungsverfahren |
US9134527B2 (en) | 2011-04-04 | 2015-09-15 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Pixel via and methods of forming the same |
US8963159B2 (en) | 2011-04-04 | 2015-02-24 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Pixel via and methods of forming the same |
US8659816B2 (en) | 2011-04-25 | 2014-02-25 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Mechanical layer and methods of making the same |
JP5727303B2 (ja) * | 2011-06-03 | 2015-06-03 | ピクストロニクス,インコーポレイテッド | 表示装置 |
US9809445B2 (en) * | 2011-08-26 | 2017-11-07 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Electromechanical system structures with ribs having gaps |
US8736939B2 (en) | 2011-11-04 | 2014-05-27 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Matching layer thin-films for an electromechanical systems reflective display device |
JP5987573B2 (ja) * | 2012-09-12 | 2016-09-07 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | 光学モジュール、電子機器、及び駆動方法 |
US9181086B1 (en) | 2012-10-01 | 2015-11-10 | The Research Foundation For The State University Of New York | Hinged MEMS diaphragm and method of manufacture therof |
US20140104184A1 (en) * | 2012-10-11 | 2014-04-17 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Backplate electrode sensor |
US9190013B2 (en) * | 2013-02-05 | 2015-11-17 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Image-dependent temporal slot determination for multi-state IMODs |
JP2014178456A (ja) * | 2013-03-14 | 2014-09-25 | Pixtronix Inc | 表示装置及びその製造方法 |
US9818765B2 (en) | 2013-08-26 | 2017-11-14 | Apple Inc. | Displays with silicon and semiconducting oxide thin-film transistors |
US9412799B2 (en) | 2013-08-26 | 2016-08-09 | Apple Inc. | Display driver circuitry for liquid crystal displays with semiconducting-oxide thin-film transistors |
US9543370B2 (en) | 2014-09-24 | 2017-01-10 | Apple Inc. | Silicon and semiconducting oxide thin-film transistor displays |
US9818344B2 (en) | 2015-12-04 | 2017-11-14 | Apple Inc. | Display with light-emitting diodes |
US10248251B2 (en) * | 2016-08-16 | 2019-04-02 | Guangdong Oppo Mobile Telecommunications Corp. | Method for manufacturing input assembly, input assembly and terminal |
US10051435B2 (en) | 2016-12-12 | 2018-08-14 | Denso International America, Inc. | Mobile device location system |
US10423016B2 (en) * | 2017-05-23 | 2019-09-24 | Rockley Photonics Limited | Driver for optical modulator |
DE102018201965A1 (de) * | 2018-02-08 | 2019-08-08 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Mikromechanische Spiegelvorrichtung, Spiegelsystem und Verfahren zum Herstellen einer mikromechanischen Spiegelvorrichtung |
WO2019149605A1 (de) | 2018-02-01 | 2019-08-08 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Mikromechanische spiegelvorrichtung, spiegelsystem und verfahren zum herstellen einer mikromechanischen spiegelvorrichtung |
US10396033B1 (en) * | 2018-07-23 | 2019-08-27 | Qualcomm Incorporated | First power buses and second power buses extending in a first direction |
CN108962015B (zh) * | 2018-07-25 | 2021-04-23 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | 一种器件转移装置和器件转移方法 |
US11779796B2 (en) * | 2020-05-02 | 2023-10-10 | 2-B-Fit LLC | Portable exercise device |
CN114950925B (zh) * | 2022-06-06 | 2023-05-23 | 清华大学 | 柔性可延展微机电系统超声阵列及医用超声诊断设备 |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4403248A (en) * | 1980-03-04 | 1983-09-06 | U.S. Philips Corporation | Display device with deformable reflective medium |
Family Cites Families (628)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US138669A (en) * | 1873-05-06 | Improvement in safety-platforms for cars | ||
US2534846A (en) | 1946-06-20 | 1950-12-19 | Emi Ltd | Color filter |
US2590906A (en) | 1946-11-22 | 1952-04-01 | Farrand Optical Co Inc | Reflection interference filter |
US2677714A (en) | 1951-09-21 | 1954-05-04 | Alois Vogt Dr | Optical-electrical conversion device comprising a light-permeable metal electrode |
US3037189A (en) | 1958-04-23 | 1962-05-29 | Sylvania Electric Prod | Visual display system |
US3247392A (en) | 1961-05-17 | 1966-04-19 | Optical Coating Laboratory Inc | Optical coating and assembly used as a band pass interference filter reflecting in the ultraviolet and infrared |
US3210757A (en) | 1962-01-29 | 1965-10-05 | Carlyle W Jacob | Matrix controlled light valve display apparatus |
US3296530A (en) * | 1962-09-28 | 1967-01-03 | Lockheed Aircraft Corp | Voltage controlled electroluminescent meter display |
DE1288651B (de) | 1963-06-28 | 1969-02-06 | Siemens Ag | Anordnung elektrischer Dipole fuer Wellenlaengen unterhalb 1 mm und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer derartigen Anordnung |
FR1603131A (zh) | 1968-07-05 | 1971-03-22 | ||
US3653741A (en) | 1970-02-16 | 1972-04-04 | Alvin M Marks | Electro-optical dipolar material |
US3813265A (en) | 1970-02-16 | 1974-05-28 | A Marks | Electro-optical dipolar material |
US3728030A (en) | 1970-06-22 | 1973-04-17 | Cary Instruments | Polarization interferometer |
US3725868A (en) | 1970-10-19 | 1973-04-03 | Burroughs Corp | Small reconfigurable processor for a variety of data processing applications |
US3679313A (en) | 1970-10-23 | 1972-07-25 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Dispersive element for optical pulse compression |
US3701586A (en) | 1971-04-21 | 1972-10-31 | George G Goetz | Light modulating deflectable membrane |
JPS4946974A (zh) | 1972-09-11 | 1974-05-07 | ||
DE2336930A1 (de) | 1973-07-20 | 1975-02-06 | Battelle Institut E V | Infrarot-modulator (ii.) |
US3886310A (en) | 1973-08-22 | 1975-05-27 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Electrostatically deflectable light valve with improved diffraction properties |
US4048039A (en) | 1975-03-07 | 1977-09-13 | Balzers Patent Und Beteiligungs-Ag | Method of producing a light transmitting absorbing coating on substrates |
US4099854A (en) | 1976-10-12 | 1978-07-11 | The Unites States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Optical notch filter utilizing electric dipole resonance absorption |
US4196396A (en) | 1976-10-15 | 1980-04-01 | Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated | Interferometer apparatus using electro-optic material with feedback |
US4389096A (en) | 1977-12-27 | 1983-06-21 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Image display apparatus of liquid crystal valve projection type |
US4287449A (en) | 1978-02-03 | 1981-09-01 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Light-absorption film for rear electrodes of electroluminescent display panel |
US4663083A (en) | 1978-05-26 | 1987-05-05 | Marks Alvin M | Electro-optical dipole suspension with reflective-absorptive-transmissive characteristics |
US4445050A (en) | 1981-12-15 | 1984-04-24 | Marks Alvin M | Device for conversion of light power to electric power |
US4228437A (en) | 1979-06-26 | 1980-10-14 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Wideband polarization-transforming electromagnetic mirror |
JPS5688111A (en) | 1979-12-19 | 1981-07-17 | Citizen Watch Co Ltd | Liquid crystal display device with solar battery |
DE3012253A1 (de) | 1980-03-28 | 1981-10-15 | Hoechst Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Verfahren zum sichtbarmaschen von ladungsbildern und eine hierfuer geeignete vorichtung |
DE3109653A1 (de) | 1980-03-31 | 1982-01-28 | Jenoptik Jena Gmbh, Ddr 6900 Jena | "resonanzabsorber" |
US4421381A (en) | 1980-04-04 | 1983-12-20 | Yokogawa Hokushin Electric Corp. | Mechanical vibrating element |
US4377324A (en) | 1980-08-04 | 1983-03-22 | Honeywell Inc. | Graded index Fabry-Perot optical filter device |
US4441791A (en) | 1980-09-02 | 1984-04-10 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Deformable mirror light modulator |
FR2506026A1 (fr) | 1981-05-18 | 1982-11-19 | Radant Etudes | Procede et dispositif pour l'analyse d'un faisceau de rayonnement d'ondes electromagnetiques hyperfrequence |
NL8103377A (nl) | 1981-07-16 | 1983-02-16 | Philips Nv | Weergeefinrichting. |
US4571603A (en) | 1981-11-03 | 1986-02-18 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Deformable mirror electrostatic printer |
NL8200354A (nl) | 1982-02-01 | 1983-09-01 | Philips Nv | Passieve weergeefinrichting. |
US4518959A (en) | 1982-05-13 | 1985-05-21 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Electronic analog display device |
US4500171A (en) | 1982-06-02 | 1985-02-19 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Process for plastic LCD fill hole sealing |
EP0109160A3 (en) | 1982-10-14 | 1986-04-09 | The Secretary of State for Defence in Her Britannic Majesty's Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and | Electronic displays |
US4497974A (en) | 1982-11-22 | 1985-02-05 | Exxon Research & Engineering Co. | Realization of a thin film solar cell with a detached reflector |
US4482213A (en) | 1982-11-23 | 1984-11-13 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Perimeter seal reinforcement holes for plastic LCDs |
US4506955A (en) * | 1983-05-06 | 1985-03-26 | At&T Bell Laboratories | Interconnection and addressing scheme for LCDs |
US4498953A (en) | 1983-07-27 | 1985-02-12 | At&T Bell Laboratories | Etching techniques |
JPS60159731A (ja) | 1984-01-30 | 1985-08-21 | Sharp Corp | 液晶表示体 |
US5633652A (en) | 1984-02-17 | 1997-05-27 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Method for driving optical modulation device |
US4566935A (en) | 1984-07-31 | 1986-01-28 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Spatial light modulator and method |
US4710732A (en) | 1984-07-31 | 1987-12-01 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Spatial light modulator and method |
US4662746A (en) | 1985-10-30 | 1987-05-05 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Spatial light modulator and method |
US5096279A (en) | 1984-08-31 | 1992-03-17 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Spatial light modulator and method |
US4596992A (en) | 1984-08-31 | 1986-06-24 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Linear spatial light modulator and printer |
US5061049A (en) | 1984-08-31 | 1991-10-29 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Spatial light modulator and method |
US4560435A (en) | 1984-10-01 | 1985-12-24 | International Business Machines Corporation | Composite back-etch/lift-off stencil for proximity effect minimization |
US4615595A (en) | 1984-10-10 | 1986-10-07 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Frame addressed spatial light modulator |
US4655554A (en) | 1985-03-06 | 1987-04-07 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Spatial light modulator having a capacitively coupled photoconductor |
JPS6282454A (ja) | 1985-10-08 | 1987-04-15 | Canon Inc | 電子機器 |
US5172262A (en) | 1985-10-30 | 1992-12-15 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Spatial light modulator and method |
GB2186708B (en) | 1985-11-26 | 1990-07-11 | Sharp Kk | A variable interferometric device and a process for the production of the same |
US4705361A (en) | 1985-11-27 | 1987-11-10 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Spatial light modulator |
US5835255A (en) * | 1986-04-23 | 1998-11-10 | Etalon, Inc. | Visible spectrum modulator arrays |
GB8610129D0 (en) | 1986-04-25 | 1986-05-29 | Secr Defence | Electro-optical device |
US4748366A (en) | 1986-09-02 | 1988-05-31 | Taylor George W | Novel uses of piezoelectric materials for creating optical effects |
GB8621438D0 (en) | 1986-09-05 | 1986-10-15 | Secr Defence | Electro-optic device |
GB8623240D0 (en) | 1986-09-26 | 1986-10-29 | Emi Plc Thorn | Display device |
US4786128A (en) | 1986-12-02 | 1988-11-22 | Quantum Diagnostics, Ltd. | Device for modulating and reflecting electromagnetic radiation employing electro-optic layer having a variable index of refraction |
JPS63194285A (ja) | 1987-02-06 | 1988-08-11 | シャープ株式会社 | カラ−表示装置 |
US4822993A (en) * | 1987-02-17 | 1989-04-18 | Optron Systems, Inc. | Low-cost, substantially cross-talk free high spatial resolution 2-D bistable light modulator |
NL8701138A (nl) | 1987-05-13 | 1988-12-01 | Philips Nv | Electroscopische beeldweergeefinrichting. |
DE3716485C1 (de) | 1987-05-16 | 1988-11-24 | Heraeus Gmbh W C | Xenon-Kurzbogen-Entladungslampe |
EP0394219B1 (de) | 1987-06-04 | 1992-01-15 | LUKOSZ, Walter | Optisches modulations- und mess-verfahren |
US4900136A (en) | 1987-08-11 | 1990-02-13 | North American Philips Corporation | Method of metallizing silica-containing gel and solid state light modulator incorporating the metallized gel |
US4857978A (en) | 1987-08-11 | 1989-08-15 | North American Philips Corporation | Solid state light modulator incorporating metallized gel and method of metallization |
GB2210540A (en) | 1987-09-30 | 1989-06-07 | Philips Electronic Associated | Method of and arrangement for modifying stored data,and method of and arrangement for generating two-dimensional images |
US4956619A (en) | 1988-02-19 | 1990-09-11 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Spatial light modulator |
US4856863A (en) | 1988-06-22 | 1989-08-15 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Optical fiber interconnection network including spatial light modulator |
US4980775A (en) | 1988-07-21 | 1990-12-25 | Magnascreen Corporation | Modular flat-screen television displays and modules and circuit drives therefor |
US5028939A (en) | 1988-08-23 | 1991-07-02 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Spatial light modulator system |
US4925259A (en) | 1988-10-20 | 1990-05-15 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Multilayer optical dielectric coating |
JP2700903B2 (ja) | 1988-09-30 | 1998-01-21 | シャープ株式会社 | 液晶表示装置 |
US4982184A (en) | 1989-01-03 | 1991-01-01 | General Electric Company | Electrocrystallochromic display and element |
US4973131A (en) | 1989-02-03 | 1990-11-27 | Mcdonnell Douglas Corporation | Modulator mirror |
US5170156A (en) | 1989-02-27 | 1992-12-08 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Multi-frequency two dimensional display system |
US5272473A (en) | 1989-02-27 | 1993-12-21 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Reduced-speckle display system |
US5214420A (en) | 1989-02-27 | 1993-05-25 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Spatial light modulator projection system with random polarity light |
US5192946A (en) | 1989-02-27 | 1993-03-09 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Digitized color video display system |
US5206629A (en) | 1989-02-27 | 1993-04-27 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Spatial light modulator and memory for digitized video display |
US5287096A (en) | 1989-02-27 | 1994-02-15 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Variable luminosity display system |
KR100202246B1 (ko) | 1989-02-27 | 1999-06-15 | 윌리엄 비. 켐플러 | 디지탈화 비디오 시스템을 위한 장치 및 방법 |
US5162787A (en) | 1989-02-27 | 1992-11-10 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Apparatus and method for digitized video system utilizing a moving display surface |
US5214419A (en) | 1989-02-27 | 1993-05-25 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Planarized true three dimensional display |
US5079544A (en) | 1989-02-27 | 1992-01-07 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Standard independent digitized video system |
US5446479A (en) | 1989-02-27 | 1995-08-29 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Multi-dimensional array video processor system |
US4900395A (en) | 1989-04-07 | 1990-02-13 | Fsi International, Inc. | HF gas etching of wafers in an acid processor |
US5022745A (en) | 1989-09-07 | 1991-06-11 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Electrostatically deformable single crystal dielectrically coated mirror |
DE3930259A1 (de) * | 1989-09-11 | 1991-03-21 | Thomson Brandt Gmbh | Ansteuerschaltung fuer eine fluessigkristallanzeige |
US4954789A (en) | 1989-09-28 | 1990-09-04 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Spatial light modulator |
US5381253A (en) * | 1991-11-14 | 1995-01-10 | Board Of Regents Of University Of Colorado | Chiral smectic liquid crystal optical modulators having variable retardation |
US5124834A (en) | 1989-11-16 | 1992-06-23 | General Electric Company | Transferrable, self-supporting pellicle for elastomer light valve displays and method for making the same |
US5037173A (en) | 1989-11-22 | 1991-08-06 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Optical interconnection network |
JP2923656B2 (ja) | 1989-12-11 | 1999-07-26 | 富士通株式会社 | マトリクス型表示装置のデータドライバ |
JP2910114B2 (ja) | 1990-01-20 | 1999-06-23 | ソニー株式会社 | 電子機器 |
US5500635A (en) * | 1990-02-20 | 1996-03-19 | Mott; Jonathan C. | Products incorporating piezoelectric material |
US5164858A (en) | 1990-03-07 | 1992-11-17 | Deposition Sciences, Inc. | Multi-spectral filter |
CH682523A5 (fr) | 1990-04-20 | 1993-09-30 | Suisse Electronique Microtech | Dispositif de modulation de lumière à adressage matriciel. |
GB9012099D0 (en) | 1990-05-31 | 1990-07-18 | Kodak Ltd | Optical article for multicolour imaging |
US5142405A (en) | 1990-06-29 | 1992-08-25 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Bistable dmd addressing circuit and method |
US5216537A (en) | 1990-06-29 | 1993-06-01 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Architecture and process for integrating DMD with control circuit substrates |
DE69113150T2 (de) | 1990-06-29 | 1996-04-04 | Texas Instruments Inc | Deformierbare Spiegelvorrichtung mit aktualisiertem Raster. |
US5099353A (en) | 1990-06-29 | 1992-03-24 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Architecture and process for integrating DMD with control circuit substrates |
US5018256A (en) | 1990-06-29 | 1991-05-28 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Architecture and process for integrating DMD with control circuit substrates |
US5083857A (en) * | 1990-06-29 | 1992-01-28 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Multi-level deformable mirror device |
US5153771A (en) | 1990-07-18 | 1992-10-06 | Northrop Corporation | Coherent light modulation and detector |
US5062689A (en) | 1990-08-21 | 1991-11-05 | Koehler Dale R | Electrostatically actuatable light modulating device |
US5526688A (en) | 1990-10-12 | 1996-06-18 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Digital flexure beam accelerometer and method |
US5192395A (en) | 1990-10-12 | 1993-03-09 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Method of making a digital flexure beam accelerometer |
US5044736A (en) | 1990-11-06 | 1991-09-03 | Motorola, Inc. | Configurable optical filter or display |
US5602671A (en) * | 1990-11-13 | 1997-02-11 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Low surface energy passivation layer for micromechanical devices |
US5331454A (en) | 1990-11-13 | 1994-07-19 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Low reset voltage process for DMD |
JPH04276721A (ja) | 1991-03-04 | 1992-10-01 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | 液晶表示素子 |
US5233459A (en) | 1991-03-06 | 1993-08-03 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Electric display device |
US5136669A (en) | 1991-03-15 | 1992-08-04 | Sperry Marine Inc. | Variable ratio fiber optic coupler optical signal processing element |
DE4108966C2 (de) | 1991-03-19 | 1994-03-10 | Iot Entwicklungsgesellschaft F | Elektro-optischer interferometrischer Lichtmodulator |
CA2063744C (en) | 1991-04-01 | 2002-10-08 | Paul M. Urbanus | Digital micromirror device architecture and timing for use in a pulse-width modulated display system |
JPH04309925A (ja) | 1991-04-08 | 1992-11-02 | Nec Corp | アクティブマトリックスカラー液晶表示素子 |
US5142414A (en) | 1991-04-22 | 1992-08-25 | Koehler Dale R | Electrically actuatable temporal tristimulus-color device |
US5226099A (en) | 1991-04-26 | 1993-07-06 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Digital micromirror shutter device |
US5179274A (en) | 1991-07-12 | 1993-01-12 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Method for controlling operation of optical systems and devices |
US5287215A (en) | 1991-07-17 | 1994-02-15 | Optron Systems, Inc. | Membrane light modulation systems |
US5170283A (en) | 1991-07-24 | 1992-12-08 | Northrop Corporation | Silicon spatial light modulator |
US5168406A (en) | 1991-07-31 | 1992-12-01 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Color deformable mirror device and method for manufacture |
US5240818A (en) | 1991-07-31 | 1993-08-31 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Method for manufacturing a color filter for deformable mirror device |
US5254980A (en) | 1991-09-06 | 1993-10-19 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | DMD display system controller |
US5358601A (en) | 1991-09-24 | 1994-10-25 | Micron Technology, Inc. | Process for isotropically etching semiconductor devices |
US5315370A (en) | 1991-10-23 | 1994-05-24 | Bulow Jeffrey A | Interferometric modulator for optical signal processing |
US5563398A (en) | 1991-10-31 | 1996-10-08 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Spatial light modulator scanning system |
US5326426A (en) | 1991-11-14 | 1994-07-05 | Tam Andrew C | Undercut membrane mask for high energy photon patterning |
CA2081753C (en) | 1991-11-22 | 2002-08-06 | Jeffrey B. Sampsell | Dmd scanner |
US5233385A (en) | 1991-12-18 | 1993-08-03 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | White light enhanced color field sequential projection |
US5233456A (en) | 1991-12-20 | 1993-08-03 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Resonant mirror and method of manufacture |
US5228013A (en) | 1992-01-10 | 1993-07-13 | Bik Russell J | Clock-painting device and method for indicating the time-of-day with a non-traditional, now analog artistic panel of digital electronic visual displays |
US6381022B1 (en) | 1992-01-22 | 2002-04-30 | Northeastern University | Light modulating device |
CA2087625C (en) | 1992-01-23 | 2006-12-12 | William E. Nelson | Non-systolic time delay and integration printing |
US5296950A (en) | 1992-01-31 | 1994-03-22 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Optical signal free-space conversion board |
US5231532A (en) | 1992-02-05 | 1993-07-27 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Switchable resonant filter for optical radiation |
US5212582A (en) | 1992-03-04 | 1993-05-18 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Electrostatically controlled beam steering device and method |
EP0562424B1 (en) | 1992-03-25 | 1997-05-28 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Embedded optical calibration system |
JPH05281479A (ja) | 1992-03-31 | 1993-10-29 | Nippon Steel Corp | 表示装置 |
US5312513A (en) | 1992-04-03 | 1994-05-17 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Methods of forming multiple phase light modulators |
US5401983A (en) * | 1992-04-08 | 1995-03-28 | Georgia Tech Research Corporation | Processes for lift-off of thin film materials or devices for fabricating three dimensional integrated circuits, optical detectors, and micromechanical devices |
US5311360A (en) | 1992-04-28 | 1994-05-10 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford, Junior University | Method and apparatus for modulating a light beam |
TW245772B (zh) * | 1992-05-19 | 1995-04-21 | Akzo Nv | |
JPH0651250A (ja) | 1992-05-20 | 1994-02-25 | Texas Instr Inc <Ti> | モノリシックな空間的光変調器およびメモリのパッケージ |
US5638084A (en) | 1992-05-22 | 1997-06-10 | Dielectric Systems International, Inc. | Lighting-independent color video display |
JPH06214169A (ja) | 1992-06-08 | 1994-08-05 | Texas Instr Inc <Ti> | 制御可能な光学的周期的表面フィルタ |
US5818095A (en) * | 1992-08-11 | 1998-10-06 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | High-yield spatial light modulator with light blocking layer |
US5345328A (en) | 1992-08-12 | 1994-09-06 | Sandia Corporation | Tandem resonator reflectance modulator |
US5293272A (en) | 1992-08-24 | 1994-03-08 | Physical Optics Corporation | High finesse holographic fabry-perot etalon and method of fabricating |
US5327286A (en) | 1992-08-31 | 1994-07-05 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Real time optical correlation system |
US5325116A (en) | 1992-09-18 | 1994-06-28 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Device for writing to and reading from optical storage media |
US5296775A (en) | 1992-09-24 | 1994-03-22 | International Business Machines Corporation | Cooling microfan arrangements and process |
US5285196A (en) * | 1992-10-15 | 1994-02-08 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Bistable DMD addressing method |
US5659374A (en) | 1992-10-23 | 1997-08-19 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Method of repairing defective pixels |
KR960001941B1 (ko) | 1992-11-10 | 1996-02-08 | 재단법인한국전자통신연구소 | 평면 디스플레이 장치 |
DE69405420T2 (de) | 1993-01-11 | 1998-03-12 | Texas Instruments Inc | Pixelkontrollschaltung für räumlichen Lichtmodulator |
FI96450C (fi) | 1993-01-13 | 1996-06-25 | Vaisala Oy | Yksikanavainen kaasun pitoisuuden mittausmenetelmä ja -laitteisto |
US6674562B1 (en) | 1994-05-05 | 2004-01-06 | Iridigm Display Corporation | Interferometric modulation of radiation |
US7830587B2 (en) | 1993-03-17 | 2010-11-09 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Method and device for modulating light with semiconductor substrate |
US5461411A (en) | 1993-03-29 | 1995-10-24 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Process and architecture for digital micromirror printer |
JP3413238B2 (ja) | 1993-03-31 | 2003-06-03 | オリンパス光学工業株式会社 | 位相制御膜構造体 |
DE4317274A1 (de) | 1993-05-25 | 1994-12-01 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Verfahren zur Herstellung oberflächen-mikromechanischer Strukturen |
US5559358A (en) | 1993-05-25 | 1996-09-24 | Honeywell Inc. | Opto-electro-mechanical device or filter, process for making, and sensors made therefrom |
JP3524122B2 (ja) | 1993-05-25 | 2004-05-10 | キヤノン株式会社 | 表示制御装置 |
US5324683A (en) | 1993-06-02 | 1994-06-28 | Motorola, Inc. | Method of forming a semiconductor structure having an air region |
US5489952A (en) * | 1993-07-14 | 1996-02-06 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Method and device for multi-format television |
US5365283A (en) | 1993-07-19 | 1994-11-15 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Color phase control for projection display using spatial light modulator |
US5673139A (en) | 1993-07-19 | 1997-09-30 | Medcom, Inc. | Microelectromechanical television scanning device and method for making the same |
US5510824A (en) * | 1993-07-26 | 1996-04-23 | Texas Instruments, Inc. | Spatial light modulator array |
US5526172A (en) | 1993-07-27 | 1996-06-11 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Microminiature, monolithic, variable electrical signal processor and apparatus including same |
US5581272A (en) | 1993-08-25 | 1996-12-03 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Signal generator for controlling a spatial light modulator |
US5552925A (en) | 1993-09-07 | 1996-09-03 | John M. Baker | Electro-micro-mechanical shutters on transparent substrates |
FR2710161B1 (fr) | 1993-09-13 | 1995-11-24 | Suisse Electronique Microtech | Réseau miniature d'obturateurs de lumière. |
US5457493A (en) | 1993-09-15 | 1995-10-10 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Digital micro-mirror based image simulation system |
US5629790A (en) | 1993-10-18 | 1997-05-13 | Neukermans; Armand P. | Micromachined torsional scanner |
US5526051A (en) | 1993-10-27 | 1996-06-11 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Digital television system |
US5497197A (en) * | 1993-11-04 | 1996-03-05 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | System and method for packaging data into video processor |
US5459602A (en) | 1993-10-29 | 1995-10-17 | Texas Instruments | Micro-mechanical optical shutter |
US5452024A (en) | 1993-11-01 | 1995-09-19 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | DMD display system |
US5517347A (en) | 1993-12-01 | 1996-05-14 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Direct view deformable mirror device |
CA2137059C (en) | 1993-12-03 | 2004-11-23 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Dmd architecture to improve horizontal resolution |
US5583688A (en) | 1993-12-21 | 1996-12-10 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Multi-level digital micromirror device |
US5448314A (en) | 1994-01-07 | 1995-09-05 | Texas Instruments | Method and apparatus for sequential color imaging |
US5500761A (en) | 1994-01-27 | 1996-03-19 | At&T Corp. | Micromechanical modulator |
FI94804C (fi) | 1994-02-17 | 1995-10-25 | Vaisala Oy | Sähköisesti säädettävä pintamikromekaaninen Fabry-Perot-interferometri käytettäväksi optisessa materiaalianalyysissä |
DE4407067C2 (de) | 1994-03-03 | 2003-06-18 | Unaxis Balzers Ag | Dielektrisches Interferenz-Filtersystem, LCD-Anzeige und CCD-Anordnung sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung eines dielektrischen Interferenz-Filtersystems |
US5444566A (en) | 1994-03-07 | 1995-08-22 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Optimized electronic operation of digital micromirror devices |
US5526327A (en) | 1994-03-15 | 1996-06-11 | Cordova, Jr.; David J. | Spatial displacement time display |
US5665997A (en) | 1994-03-31 | 1997-09-09 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Grated landing area to eliminate sticking of micro-mechanical devices |
GB9407116D0 (en) | 1994-04-11 | 1994-06-01 | Secr Defence | Ferroelectric liquid crystal display with greyscale |
US6040937A (en) * | 1994-05-05 | 2000-03-21 | Etalon, Inc. | Interferometric modulation |
US7826120B2 (en) | 1994-05-05 | 2010-11-02 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Method and device for multi-color interferometric modulation |
US7550794B2 (en) * | 2002-09-20 | 2009-06-23 | Idc, Llc | Micromechanical systems device comprising a displaceable electrode and a charge-trapping layer |
US7852545B2 (en) | 1994-05-05 | 2010-12-14 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Method and device for modulating light |
US6710908B2 (en) * | 1994-05-05 | 2004-03-23 | Iridigm Display Corporation | Controlling micro-electro-mechanical cavities |
US7123216B1 (en) | 1994-05-05 | 2006-10-17 | Idc, Llc | Photonic MEMS and structures |
US20010003487A1 (en) | 1996-11-05 | 2001-06-14 | Mark W. Miles | Visible spectrum modulator arrays |
US6680792B2 (en) * | 1994-05-05 | 2004-01-20 | Iridigm Display Corporation | Interferometric modulation of radiation |
US7808694B2 (en) | 1994-05-05 | 2010-10-05 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Method and device for modulating light |
US7460291B2 (en) | 1994-05-05 | 2008-12-02 | Idc, Llc | Separable modulator |
US8081369B2 (en) | 1994-05-05 | 2011-12-20 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | System and method for a MEMS device |
US7738157B2 (en) | 1994-05-05 | 2010-06-15 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | System and method for a MEMS device |
EP0686934B1 (en) | 1994-05-17 | 2001-09-26 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Display device with pointer position detection |
US5497172A (en) * | 1994-06-13 | 1996-03-05 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Pulse width modulation for spatial light modulator with split reset addressing |
US5673106A (en) | 1994-06-17 | 1997-09-30 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Printing system with self-monitoring and adjustment |
US5454906A (en) | 1994-06-21 | 1995-10-03 | Texas Instruments Inc. | Method of providing sacrificial spacer for micro-mechanical devices |
US5920418A (en) | 1994-06-21 | 1999-07-06 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Diffractive optical modulator and method for producing the same, infrared sensor including such a diffractive optical modulator and method for producing the same, and display device including such a diffractive optical modulator |
US5499062A (en) * | 1994-06-23 | 1996-03-12 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Multiplexed memory timing with block reset and secondary memory |
FI98325C (fi) | 1994-07-07 | 1997-05-26 | Vaisala Oy | Selektiivinen infrapunadetektori |
US5485304A (en) | 1994-07-29 | 1996-01-16 | Texas Instruments, Inc. | Support posts for micro-mechanical devices |
US5636052A (en) | 1994-07-29 | 1997-06-03 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Direct view display based on a micromechanical modulation |
JP3363606B2 (ja) | 1994-08-05 | 2003-01-08 | 三洋電機株式会社 | 光起電力モジュール |
US5544268A (en) | 1994-09-09 | 1996-08-06 | Deacon Research | Display panel with electrically-controlled waveguide-routing |
US5703710A (en) | 1994-09-09 | 1997-12-30 | Deacon Research | Method for manipulating optical energy using poled structure |
US6053617A (en) | 1994-09-23 | 2000-04-25 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Manufacture method for micromechanical devices |
US5619059A (en) | 1994-09-28 | 1997-04-08 | National Research Council Of Canada | Color deformable mirror device having optical thin film interference color coatings |
US6560018B1 (en) | 1994-10-27 | 2003-05-06 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Illumination system for transmissive light valve displays |
US5650881A (en) | 1994-11-02 | 1997-07-22 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Support post architecture for micromechanical devices |
FR2726960B1 (fr) | 1994-11-10 | 1996-12-13 | Thomson Csf | Procede de realisation de transducteurs magnetoresistifs |
US5552924A (en) | 1994-11-14 | 1996-09-03 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Micromechanical device having an improved beam |
US5474865A (en) | 1994-11-21 | 1995-12-12 | Sematech, Inc. | Globally planarized binary optical mask using buried absorbers |
JPH08153700A (ja) | 1994-11-25 | 1996-06-11 | Semiconductor Energy Lab Co Ltd | 導電性被膜の異方性エッチング方法 |
US5610624A (en) * | 1994-11-30 | 1997-03-11 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Spatial light modulator with reduced possibility of an on state defect |
US6115014A (en) | 1994-12-26 | 2000-09-05 | Casio Computer Co., Ltd. | Liquid crystal display by means of time-division color mixing and voltage driving methods using birefringence |
US5550373A (en) | 1994-12-30 | 1996-08-27 | Honeywell Inc. | Fabry-Perot micro filter-detector |
US5726480A (en) * | 1995-01-27 | 1998-03-10 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Etchants for use in micromachining of CMOS Microaccelerometers and microelectromechanical devices and method of making the same |
US5567334A (en) | 1995-02-27 | 1996-10-22 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Method for creating a digital micromirror device using an aluminum hard mask |
US5610438A (en) * | 1995-03-08 | 1997-03-11 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Micro-mechanical device with non-evaporable getter |
US5636185A (en) | 1995-03-10 | 1997-06-03 | Boit Incorporated | Dynamically changing liquid crystal display timekeeping apparatus |
US5699074A (en) | 1995-03-24 | 1997-12-16 | Teletransaction, Inc. | Addressing device and method for rapid video response in a bistable liquid crystal display |
US5535047A (en) | 1995-04-18 | 1996-07-09 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Active yoke hidden hinge digital micromirror device |
US5677785A (en) | 1995-04-21 | 1997-10-14 | Daewoo Electronics Co., Ltd. | Method for forming an array of thin film actuated mirrors |
US5784190A (en) | 1995-04-27 | 1998-07-21 | John M. Baker | Electro-micro-mechanical shutters on transparent substrates |
US7898722B2 (en) | 1995-05-01 | 2011-03-01 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Microelectromechanical device with restoring electrode |
US5641391A (en) | 1995-05-15 | 1997-06-24 | Hunter; Ian W. | Three dimensional microfabrication by localized electrodeposition and etching |
US5661592A (en) | 1995-06-07 | 1997-08-26 | Silicon Light Machines | Method of making and an apparatus for a flat diffraction grating light valve |
US6849471B2 (en) | 2003-03-28 | 2005-02-01 | Reflectivity, Inc. | Barrier layers for microelectromechanical systems |
US6046840A (en) * | 1995-06-19 | 2000-04-04 | Reflectivity, Inc. | Double substrate reflective spatial light modulator with self-limiting micro-mechanical elements |
US8139050B2 (en) | 1995-07-20 | 2012-03-20 | E Ink Corporation | Addressing schemes for electronic displays |
US6124851A (en) | 1995-07-20 | 2000-09-26 | E Ink Corporation | Electronic book with multiple page displays |
KR100213026B1 (ko) | 1995-07-27 | 1999-08-02 | 윤종용 | 디엠디 및 그 제조공정 |
US5893624A (en) * | 1996-07-05 | 1999-04-13 | Seiko Instruments Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
US5963788A (en) | 1995-09-06 | 1999-10-05 | Sandia Corporation | Method for integrating microelectromechanical devices with electronic circuitry |
US5739945A (en) | 1995-09-29 | 1998-04-14 | Tayebati; Parviz | Electrically tunable optical filter utilizing a deformable multi-layer mirror |
US5661591A (en) | 1995-09-29 | 1997-08-26 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Optical switch having an analog beam for steering light |
US6324192B1 (en) | 1995-09-29 | 2001-11-27 | Coretek, Inc. | Electrically tunable fabry-perot structure utilizing a deformable multi-layer mirror and method of making the same |
GB9522135D0 (en) | 1995-10-30 | 1996-01-03 | John Mcgavigan Holdings Limite | Display panels |
JPH09127551A (ja) * | 1995-10-31 | 1997-05-16 | Sharp Corp | 半導体装置およびアクティブマトリクス基板 |
US5740150A (en) | 1995-11-24 | 1998-04-14 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Galvanomirror and optical disk drive using the same |
US5999306A (en) | 1995-12-01 | 1999-12-07 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Method of manufacturing spatial light modulator and electronic device employing it |
US5825528A (en) | 1995-12-26 | 1998-10-20 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Phase-mismatched fabry-perot cavity micromechanical modulator |
JP3799092B2 (ja) | 1995-12-29 | 2006-07-19 | アジレント・テクノロジーズ・インク | 光変調装置及びディスプレイ装置 |
US5638946A (en) | 1996-01-11 | 1997-06-17 | Northeastern University | Micromechanical switch with insulated switch contact |
US5751469A (en) | 1996-02-01 | 1998-05-12 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Method and apparatus for an improved micromechanical modulator |
US6114862A (en) | 1996-02-14 | 2000-09-05 | Stmicroelectronics, Inc. | Capacitive distance sensor |
JP3597305B2 (ja) | 1996-03-05 | 2004-12-08 | 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 | 液晶表示装置およびその作製方法 |
US6624944B1 (en) | 1996-03-29 | 2003-09-23 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Fluorinated coating for an optical element |
GB2313226A (en) * | 1996-05-17 | 1997-11-19 | Sharp Kk | Addressable matrix arrays |
US5710656A (en) * | 1996-07-30 | 1998-01-20 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Micromechanical optical modulator having a reduced-mass composite membrane |
US5793504A (en) | 1996-08-07 | 1998-08-11 | Northrop Grumman Corporation | Hybrid angular/spatial holographic multiplexer |
US5838484A (en) | 1996-08-19 | 1998-11-17 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Micromechanical optical modulator with linear operating characteristic |
US5920471A (en) | 1996-08-30 | 1999-07-06 | Sgs-Thomson Microelectronics, Srl | Method and apparatus for automatic average current mode controlled power factor correction without input voltage sensing |
US5912758A (en) | 1996-09-11 | 1999-06-15 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Bipolar reset for spatial light modulators |
GB9619781D0 (en) | 1996-09-23 | 1996-11-06 | Secr Defence | Multi layer interference coatings |
FI108581B (fi) | 1996-10-03 | 2002-02-15 | Valtion Teknillinen | Sähköisesti säädettävä optinen suodin |
US5771116A (en) | 1996-10-21 | 1998-06-23 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Multiple bias level reset waveform for enhanced DMD control |
US7830588B2 (en) * | 1996-12-19 | 2010-11-09 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Method of making a light modulating display device and associated transistor circuitry and structures thereof |
JPH10186249A (ja) | 1996-12-24 | 1998-07-14 | Casio Comput Co Ltd | 表示装置 |
US6028689A (en) | 1997-01-24 | 2000-02-22 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Multi-motion micromirror |
US5786927A (en) | 1997-03-12 | 1998-07-28 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Gas-damped micromechanical structure |
US6034752A (en) | 1997-03-22 | 2000-03-07 | Kent Displays Incorporated | Display device reflecting visible and infrared radiation |
US6384952B1 (en) | 1997-03-27 | 2002-05-07 | Mems Optical Inc. | Vertical comb drive actuated deformable mirror device and method |
DE69806846T2 (de) * | 1997-05-08 | 2002-12-12 | Texas Instruments Inc., Dallas | Verbesserungen für räumliche Lichtmodulatoren |
EP0879991A3 (en) | 1997-05-13 | 1999-04-21 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Illuminating system |
US6142358A (en) | 1997-05-31 | 2000-11-07 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Wafer-to-wafer transfer of microstructures using break-away tethers |
US6147680A (en) | 1997-06-03 | 2000-11-14 | Koa T&T Corporation | Touchpad with interleaved traces |
US6480177B2 (en) | 1997-06-04 | 2002-11-12 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Blocked stepped address voltage for micromechanical devices |
US5808780A (en) | 1997-06-09 | 1998-09-15 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Non-contacting micromechanical optical switch |
JPH112764A (ja) | 1997-06-10 | 1999-01-06 | Sharp Corp | 光開閉装置及び表示装置並びに光開閉装置の製造方法 |
WO1998059382A1 (en) | 1997-06-23 | 1998-12-30 | Fed Corporation | Voltage controlled color organic light emitting device and method of producing the same |
US6239777B1 (en) | 1997-07-22 | 2001-05-29 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Display device |
US5870221A (en) | 1997-07-25 | 1999-02-09 | Lucent Technologies, Inc. | Micromechanical modulator having enhanced performance |
US5867302A (en) | 1997-08-07 | 1999-02-02 | Sandia Corporation | Bistable microelectromechanical actuator |
KR19990016714A (ko) | 1997-08-19 | 1999-03-15 | 윤종용 | 다면 영상 디스플레이형 배면 투사 프로젝트 장치 |
US6031653A (en) | 1997-08-28 | 2000-02-29 | California Institute Of Technology | Low-cost thin-metal-film interference filters |
US5994174A (en) | 1997-09-29 | 1999-11-30 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Method of fabrication of display pixels driven by silicon thin film transistors |
US6028690A (en) * | 1997-11-26 | 2000-02-22 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Reduced micromirror mirror gaps for improved contrast ratio |
FR2772141B1 (fr) | 1997-12-08 | 2001-10-05 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Revetement absorbeur de lumiere a haut pouvoir absorbant |
US6180428B1 (en) * | 1997-12-12 | 2001-01-30 | Xerox Corporation | Monolithic scanning light emitting devices using micromachining |
WO1999036824A1 (fr) | 1998-01-20 | 1999-07-22 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Dispositif de commutation optique et dispositif d'affichage d'images |
JPH11211999A (ja) | 1998-01-28 | 1999-08-06 | Teijin Ltd | 光変調素子および表示装置 |
US5914804A (en) | 1998-01-28 | 1999-06-22 | Lucent Technologies Inc | Double-cavity micromechanical optical modulator with plural multilayer mirrors |
US6660656B2 (en) | 1998-02-11 | 2003-12-09 | Applied Materials Inc. | Plasma processes for depositing low dielectric constant films |
US6100861A (en) | 1998-02-17 | 2000-08-08 | Rainbow Displays, Inc. | Tiled flat panel display with improved color gamut |
US6195196B1 (en) * | 1998-03-13 | 2001-02-27 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Array-type exposing device and flat type display incorporating light modulator and driving method thereof |
US6262697B1 (en) | 1998-03-20 | 2001-07-17 | Eastman Kodak Company | Display having viewable and conductive images |
WO1999052006A2 (en) | 1998-04-08 | 1999-10-14 | Etalon, Inc. | Interferometric modulation of radiation |
US8928967B2 (en) | 1998-04-08 | 2015-01-06 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Method and device for modulating light |
US7532377B2 (en) | 1998-04-08 | 2009-05-12 | Idc, Llc | Movable micro-electromechanical device |
US6097145A (en) | 1998-04-27 | 2000-08-01 | Copytele, Inc. | Aerogel-based phase transition flat panel display |
US5943158A (en) | 1998-05-05 | 1999-08-24 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Micro-mechanical, anti-reflection, switched optical modulator array and fabrication method |
US6160833A (en) | 1998-05-06 | 2000-12-12 | Xerox Corporation | Blue vertical cavity surface emitting laser |
JP4651193B2 (ja) | 1998-05-12 | 2011-03-16 | イー インク コーポレイション | ドローイングデバイス用途のためのマイクロカプセル化した電気泳動性の静電的にアドレスした媒体 |
US6282010B1 (en) | 1998-05-14 | 2001-08-28 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Anti-reflective coatings for spatial light modulators |
US6046659A (en) | 1998-05-15 | 2000-04-04 | Hughes Electronics Corporation | Design and fabrication of broadband surface-micromachined micro-electro-mechanical switches for microwave and millimeter-wave applications |
US6323982B1 (en) | 1998-05-22 | 2001-11-27 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Yield superstructure for digital micromirror device |
US6147790A (en) | 1998-06-02 | 2000-11-14 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Spring-ring micromechanical device |
US6295154B1 (en) | 1998-06-05 | 2001-09-25 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Optical switching apparatus |
US6496122B2 (en) | 1998-06-26 | 2002-12-17 | Sharp Laboratories Of America, Inc. | Image display and remote control system capable of displaying two distinct images |
JP3865942B2 (ja) | 1998-07-17 | 2007-01-10 | 富士フイルムホールディングス株式会社 | アクティブマトリクス素子、及びアクティブマトリクス素子を用いた発光素子、光変調素子、光検出素子、露光素子、表示装置 |
GB2341476A (en) | 1998-09-03 | 2000-03-15 | Sharp Kk | Variable resolution display device |
US6113239A (en) | 1998-09-04 | 2000-09-05 | Sharp Laboratories Of America, Inc. | Projection display system for reflective light valves |
US6242989B1 (en) | 1998-09-12 | 2001-06-05 | Agere Systems Guardian Corp. | Article comprising a multi-port variable capacitor |
JP4074714B2 (ja) * | 1998-09-25 | 2008-04-09 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | アレイ型光変調素子及び平面ディスプレイの駆動方法 |
US6972753B1 (en) * | 1998-10-02 | 2005-12-06 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Touch panel, display device provided with touch panel and electronic equipment provided with display device |
US6323834B1 (en) | 1998-10-08 | 2001-11-27 | International Business Machines Corporation | Micromechanical displays and fabrication method |
JP3919954B2 (ja) * | 1998-10-16 | 2007-05-30 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | アレイ型光変調素子及び平面ディスプレイの駆動方法 |
US6171945B1 (en) * | 1998-10-22 | 2001-01-09 | Applied Materials, Inc. | CVD nanoporous silica low dielectric constant films |
US6288824B1 (en) | 1998-11-03 | 2001-09-11 | Alex Kastalsky | Display device based on grating electromechanical shutter |
JP2000147262A (ja) | 1998-11-11 | 2000-05-26 | Nobuyuki Higuchi | 集光装置及びこれを利用した太陽光発電システム |
US6316289B1 (en) | 1998-11-12 | 2001-11-13 | Amerasia International Technology Inc. | Method of forming fine-pitch interconnections employing a standoff mask |
US6335831B2 (en) * | 1998-12-18 | 2002-01-01 | Eastman Kodak Company | Multilevel mechanical grating device |
US6465956B1 (en) | 1998-12-28 | 2002-10-15 | Pioneer Corporation | Plasma display panel |
US6358021B1 (en) * | 1998-12-29 | 2002-03-19 | Honeywell International Inc. | Electrostatic actuators for active surfaces |
US6215221B1 (en) | 1998-12-29 | 2001-04-10 | Honeywell International Inc. | Electrostatic/pneumatic actuators for active surfaces |
US6188519B1 (en) | 1999-01-05 | 2001-02-13 | Kenneth Carlisle Johnson | Bigrating light valve |
JP2000214804A (ja) | 1999-01-20 | 2000-08-04 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | 光変調素子及び露光装置並びに平面表示装置 |
JP3864204B2 (ja) | 1999-02-19 | 2006-12-27 | 株式会社日立プラズマパテントライセンシング | プラズマディスプレイパネル |
US6242932B1 (en) | 1999-02-19 | 2001-06-05 | Micron Technology, Inc. | Interposer for semiconductor components having contact balls |
US6606175B1 (en) | 1999-03-16 | 2003-08-12 | Sharp Laboratories Of America, Inc. | Multi-segment light-emitting diode |
EP1039788B1 (en) * | 1999-03-26 | 2006-04-19 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Flexible printed wiring board, electro-optical device, and electronic equipment |
US6428173B1 (en) | 1999-05-03 | 2002-08-06 | Jds Uniphase, Inc. | Moveable microelectromechanical mirror structures and associated methods |
US6449084B1 (en) | 1999-05-10 | 2002-09-10 | Yanping Guo | Optical deflector |
US6323987B1 (en) | 1999-05-14 | 2001-11-27 | Agere Systems Optoelectronics Guardian Corp. | Controlled multi-wavelength etalon |
US6297811B1 (en) | 1999-06-02 | 2001-10-02 | Elo Touchsystems, Inc. | Projective capacitive touchscreen |
US6201633B1 (en) * | 1999-06-07 | 2001-03-13 | Xerox Corporation | Micro-electromechanical based bistable color display sheets |
US6525867B1 (en) | 1999-07-07 | 2003-02-25 | Lots Technology, Inc. | Fast response micro-modulator arrays |
US6862029B1 (en) * | 1999-07-27 | 2005-03-01 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Color display system |
US6525310B2 (en) * | 1999-08-05 | 2003-02-25 | Microvision, Inc. | Frequency tunable resonant scanner |
US6331909B1 (en) | 1999-08-05 | 2001-12-18 | Microvision, Inc. | Frequency tunable resonant scanner |
US6674563B2 (en) | 2000-04-13 | 2004-01-06 | Lightconnect, Inc. | Method and apparatus for device linearization |
US6335235B1 (en) | 1999-08-17 | 2002-01-01 | Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. | Simplified method of patterning field dielectric regions in a semiconductor device |
WO2003007049A1 (en) * | 1999-10-05 | 2003-01-23 | Iridigm Display Corporation | Photonic mems and structures |
US6351329B1 (en) | 1999-10-08 | 2002-02-26 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Optical attenuator |
US6960305B2 (en) | 1999-10-26 | 2005-11-01 | Reflectivity, Inc | Methods for forming and releasing microelectromechanical structures |
US6741383B2 (en) | 2000-08-11 | 2004-05-25 | Reflectivity, Inc. | Deflectable micromirrors with stopping mechanisms |
US6549338B1 (en) | 1999-11-12 | 2003-04-15 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Bandpass filter to reduce thermal impact of dichroic light shift |
US6552840B2 (en) | 1999-12-03 | 2003-04-22 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Electrostatic efficiency of micromechanical devices |
US6700554B2 (en) * | 1999-12-04 | 2004-03-02 | Lg. Philips Lcd Co., Ltd. | Transmissive display device using micro light modulator |
US6548908B2 (en) | 1999-12-27 | 2003-04-15 | Xerox Corporation | Structure and method for planar lateral oxidation in passive devices |
US6545335B1 (en) | 1999-12-27 | 2003-04-08 | Xerox Corporation | Structure and method for electrical isolation of optoelectronic integrated circuits |
US6674090B1 (en) * | 1999-12-27 | 2004-01-06 | Xerox Corporation | Structure and method for planar lateral oxidation in active |
US6466358B2 (en) | 1999-12-30 | 2002-10-15 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Analog pulse width modulation cell for digital micromechanical device |
US6519073B1 (en) | 2000-01-10 | 2003-02-11 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Micromechanical modulator and methods for fabricating the same |
EP1849620B1 (en) | 2000-01-21 | 2016-03-23 | Viavi Solutions Inc. | Optically variable security devices |
US6307663B1 (en) | 2000-01-26 | 2001-10-23 | Eastman Kodak Company | Spatial light modulator with conformal grating device |
US6407851B1 (en) | 2000-08-01 | 2002-06-18 | Mohammed N. Islam | Micromechanical optical switch |
JP2001221913A (ja) | 2000-02-08 | 2001-08-17 | Yokogawa Electric Corp | ファブリペローフィルタ及び赤外線ガス分析計 |
FI20000339A (fi) * | 2000-02-16 | 2001-08-16 | Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd | Mikromekaaninen säädettävä kondensaattori ja integroitu säädettävä resonaattori |
JP2002174721A (ja) | 2000-12-06 | 2002-06-21 | Yokogawa Electric Corp | ファブリペローフィルタ |
US6590710B2 (en) | 2000-02-18 | 2003-07-08 | Yokogawa Electric Corporation | Fabry-Perot filter, wavelength-selective infrared detector and infrared gas analyzer using the filter and detector |
GB2359636B (en) | 2000-02-22 | 2002-05-01 | Marconi Comm Ltd | Wavelength selective optical filter |
WO2001063588A1 (en) | 2000-02-24 | 2001-08-30 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Display device comprising a light guide |
US6836366B1 (en) | 2000-03-03 | 2004-12-28 | Axsun Technologies, Inc. | Integrated tunable fabry-perot filter and method of making same |
US6665109B2 (en) | 2000-03-20 | 2003-12-16 | Np Photonics, Inc. | Compliant mechanism and method of forming same |
US6747775B2 (en) | 2000-03-20 | 2004-06-08 | Np Photonics, Inc. | Detunable Fabry-Perot interferometer and an add/drop multiplexer using the same |
JP2001340110A (ja) * | 2000-03-28 | 2001-12-11 | Sato Seisakusho:Kk | 靴底への付属品着脱構造 |
US6698295B1 (en) | 2000-03-31 | 2004-03-02 | Shipley Company, L.L.C. | Microstructures comprising silicon nitride layer and thin conductive polysilicon layer |
US6400738B1 (en) | 2000-04-14 | 2002-06-04 | Agilent Technologies, Inc. | Tunable Fabry-Perot filters and lasers |
US6864882B2 (en) * | 2000-05-24 | 2005-03-08 | Next Holdings Limited | Protected touch panel display system |
US7008812B1 (en) * | 2000-05-30 | 2006-03-07 | Ic Mechanics, Inc. | Manufacture of MEMS structures in sealed cavity using dry-release MEMS device encapsulation |
US6466190B1 (en) | 2000-06-19 | 2002-10-15 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Flexible color modulation tables of ratios for generating color modulation patterns |
US6473274B1 (en) | 2000-06-28 | 2002-10-29 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Symmetrical microactuator structure for use in mass data storage devices, or the like |
FR2811139B1 (fr) | 2000-06-29 | 2003-10-17 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | Dispositif optoelectronique a filtrage de longueur d'onde integre |
TW535024B (en) | 2000-06-30 | 2003-06-01 | Minolta Co Ltd | Liquid display element and method of producing the same |
JP4830183B2 (ja) | 2000-07-19 | 2011-12-07 | ソニー株式会社 | 光学多層構造体および光スイッチング素子、並びに画像表示装置 |
EP1170618B1 (en) | 2000-07-03 | 2010-06-16 | Sony Corporation | Optical multilayer structure, optical switching device, and image display |
CA2352729A1 (en) * | 2000-07-13 | 2002-01-13 | Creoscitex Corporation Ltd. | Blazed micro-mechanical light modulator and array thereof |
JP3823016B2 (ja) | 2000-07-21 | 2006-09-20 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 液晶表示装置 |
JP4460732B2 (ja) | 2000-07-21 | 2010-05-12 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 平面表示装置および露光装置 |
US6456420B1 (en) | 2000-07-27 | 2002-09-24 | Mcnc | Microelectromechanical elevating structures |
US6853129B1 (en) * | 2000-07-28 | 2005-02-08 | Candescent Technologies Corporation | Protected substrate structure for a field emission display device |
US6778155B2 (en) | 2000-07-31 | 2004-08-17 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Display operation with inserted block clears |
US6867897B2 (en) | 2003-01-29 | 2005-03-15 | Reflectivity, Inc | Micromirrors and off-diagonal hinge structures for micromirror arrays in projection displays |
JP2002062490A (ja) | 2000-08-14 | 2002-02-28 | Canon Inc | 干渉性変調素子 |
US6635919B1 (en) | 2000-08-17 | 2003-10-21 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | High Q-large tuning range micro-electro mechanical system (MEMS) varactor for broadband applications |
JP4392970B2 (ja) | 2000-08-21 | 2010-01-06 | キヤノン株式会社 | 干渉性変調素子を用いる表示素子 |
US6376787B1 (en) | 2000-08-24 | 2002-04-23 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Microelectromechanical switch with fixed metal electrode/dielectric interface with a protective cap layer |
US6643069B2 (en) | 2000-08-31 | 2003-11-04 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | SLM-base color projection display having multiple SLM's and multiple projection lenses |
JP4304852B2 (ja) * | 2000-09-04 | 2009-07-29 | コニカミノルタホールディングス株式会社 | 非平面液晶表示素子及びその製造方法 |
US6466354B1 (en) | 2000-09-19 | 2002-10-15 | Silicon Light Machines | Method and apparatus for interferometric modulation of light |
US6707594B2 (en) * | 2000-09-20 | 2004-03-16 | General Nutronics, Inc. | Method and device for switching wavelength division multiplexed optical signals using two-dimensional micro-electromechanical mirrors |
GB2371119A (en) | 2000-09-25 | 2002-07-17 | Marconi Caswell Ltd | Micro electro-mechanical systems |
US6714565B1 (en) | 2000-11-01 | 2004-03-30 | Agilent Technologies, Inc. | Optically tunable Fabry Perot microelectromechanical resonator |
US6556338B2 (en) | 2000-11-03 | 2003-04-29 | Intpax, Inc. | MEMS based variable optical attenuator (MBVOA) |
US6859218B1 (en) * | 2000-11-07 | 2005-02-22 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Electronic display devices and methods |
US6433917B1 (en) | 2000-11-22 | 2002-08-13 | Ball Semiconductor, Inc. | Light modulation device and system |
TW565726B (en) | 2000-11-27 | 2003-12-11 | Asulab Sa | Reflective liquid crystal display device with improved display contrast |
US6647171B1 (en) | 2000-12-01 | 2003-11-11 | Corning Incorporated | MEMS optical switch actuator |
US6847752B2 (en) | 2000-12-07 | 2005-01-25 | Bluebird Optical Mems Ltd. | Integrated actuator for optical switch mirror array |
US7307775B2 (en) | 2000-12-07 | 2007-12-11 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Methods for depositing, releasing and packaging micro-electromechanical devices on wafer substrates |
US6906847B2 (en) | 2000-12-07 | 2005-06-14 | Reflectivity, Inc | Spatial light modulators with light blocking/absorbing areas |
WO2002049199A1 (en) * | 2000-12-11 | 2002-06-20 | Rad H Dabbaj | Electrostatic device |
US6614576B2 (en) | 2000-12-15 | 2003-09-02 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Surface micro-planarization for enhanced optical efficiency and pixel performance in SLM devices |
DE10064616C2 (de) | 2000-12-22 | 2003-02-06 | Ovd Kinegram Ag Zug | Dekorfolie und Verfahren zum Beschriften der Dekorfolie |
US20020149834A1 (en) | 2000-12-22 | 2002-10-17 | Ball Semiconductor, Inc. | Light modulation device and system |
US6775174B2 (en) | 2000-12-28 | 2004-08-10 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Memory architecture for micromirror cell |
US6625047B2 (en) | 2000-12-31 | 2003-09-23 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Micromechanical memory element |
WO2002058089A1 (en) * | 2001-01-19 | 2002-07-25 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Bistable actuation techniques, mechanisms, and applications |
JP2002221678A (ja) | 2001-01-25 | 2002-08-09 | Seiko Epson Corp | 光スイッチングデバイス、その製造方法および画像表示装置 |
US20020167072A1 (en) | 2001-03-16 | 2002-11-14 | Andosca Robert George | Electrostatically actuated micro-electro-mechanical devices and method of manufacture |
WO2002079853A1 (en) | 2001-03-16 | 2002-10-10 | Corning Intellisense Corporation | Electrostatically actuated micro-electro-mechanical devices and method of manufacture |
JP2002277771A (ja) | 2001-03-21 | 2002-09-25 | Ricoh Co Ltd | 光変調装置 |
US6661561B2 (en) | 2001-03-26 | 2003-12-09 | Creo Inc. | High frequency deformable mirror device |
US6630786B2 (en) | 2001-03-30 | 2003-10-07 | Candescent Technologies Corporation | Light-emitting device having light-reflective layer formed with, or/and adjacent to, material that enhances device performance |
GB0108309D0 (en) | 2001-04-03 | 2001-05-23 | Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv | Matrix array devices with flexible substrates |
JP4603190B2 (ja) | 2001-04-16 | 2010-12-22 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 液晶表示装置 |
US20020149850A1 (en) | 2001-04-17 | 2002-10-17 | E-Tek Dynamics, Inc. | Tunable optical filter |
US6600587B2 (en) | 2001-04-23 | 2003-07-29 | Memx, Inc. | Surface micromachined optical system with reinforced mirror microstructure |
US6657832B2 (en) | 2001-04-26 | 2003-12-02 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Mechanically assisted restoring force support for micromachined membranes |
US6465355B1 (en) | 2001-04-27 | 2002-10-15 | Hewlett-Packard Company | Method of fabricating suspended microstructures |
GB2375184A (en) | 2001-05-02 | 2002-11-06 | Marconi Caswell Ltd | Wavelength selectable optical filter |
FR2824643B1 (fr) | 2001-05-10 | 2003-10-31 | Jean Pierre Lazzari | Dispositif de modulation de lumiere |
US6800210B2 (en) | 2001-05-22 | 2004-10-05 | Reflectivity, Inc. | Method for making a micromechanical device by removing a sacrificial layer with multiple sequential etchants |
US6598985B2 (en) | 2001-06-11 | 2003-07-29 | Nanogear | Optical mirror system with multi-axis rotational control |
US6822628B2 (en) | 2001-06-28 | 2004-11-23 | Candescent Intellectual Property Services, Inc. | Methods and systems for compensating row-to-row brightness variations of a field emission display |
EP1456699B1 (en) | 2001-07-05 | 2008-12-31 | International Business Machines Corporation | Microsystem switches |
JP3740444B2 (ja) * | 2001-07-11 | 2006-02-01 | キヤノン株式会社 | 光偏向器、それを用いた光学機器、ねじれ揺動体 |
JP4032216B2 (ja) * | 2001-07-12 | 2008-01-16 | ソニー株式会社 | 光学多層構造体およびその製造方法、並びに光スイッチング素子および画像表示装置 |
US6594059B2 (en) | 2001-07-16 | 2003-07-15 | Axsun Technologies, Inc. | Tilt mirror fabry-perot filter system, fabrication process therefor, and method of operation thereof |
KR100452112B1 (ko) * | 2001-07-18 | 2004-10-12 | 한국과학기술원 | 정전 구동기 |
US6862022B2 (en) * | 2001-07-20 | 2005-03-01 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Method and system for automatically selecting a vertical refresh rate for a video display monitor |
US6589625B1 (en) | 2001-08-01 | 2003-07-08 | Iridigm Display Corporation | Hermetic seal and method to create the same |
US6600201B2 (en) | 2001-08-03 | 2003-07-29 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Systems with high density packing of micromachines |
US6632698B2 (en) | 2001-08-07 | 2003-10-14 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Microelectromechanical device having a stiffened support beam, and methods of forming stiffened support beams in MEMS |
US6661562B2 (en) | 2001-08-17 | 2003-12-09 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Optical modulator and method of manufacture thereof |
US6983820B2 (en) * | 2001-09-07 | 2006-01-10 | Avon Polymer Products Limited | Noise and vibration suppressors |
US7015457B2 (en) | 2002-03-18 | 2006-03-21 | Honeywell International Inc. | Spectrally tunable detector |
US20030053078A1 (en) | 2001-09-17 | 2003-03-20 | Mark Missey | Microelectromechanical tunable fabry-perot wavelength monitor with thermal actuators |
US6770014B2 (en) * | 2001-09-20 | 2004-08-03 | Robert W. Amore | Resistance type exercise device |
WO2003028059A1 (en) * | 2001-09-21 | 2003-04-03 | Hrl Laboratories, Llc | Mems switches and methods of making same |
US6866669B2 (en) | 2001-10-12 | 2005-03-15 | Cordis Corporation | Locking handle deployment mechanism for medical device and method |
US7004015B2 (en) | 2001-10-25 | 2006-02-28 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Method and system for locally sealing a vacuum microcavity, methods and systems for monitoring and controlling pressure and method and system for trimming resonant frequency of a microstructure therein |
US6870581B2 (en) | 2001-10-30 | 2005-03-22 | Sharp Laboratories Of America, Inc. | Single panel color video projection display using reflective banded color falling-raster illumination |
WO2003041133A2 (en) | 2001-11-09 | 2003-05-15 | Wispry, Inc. | Electrothermal self-latching mems switch and method |
CN1255792C (zh) | 2001-12-07 | 2006-05-10 | 松下电器产业株式会社 | 信息记录介质及其制造方法 |
JP2003177336A (ja) | 2001-12-11 | 2003-06-27 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | 光変調素子及び光変調素子アレイ並びにそれを用いた露光装置 |
CN1639866B (zh) | 2001-12-14 | 2010-04-28 | 莱尔德技术公司 | 包括有损耗的介质的电磁干扰屏蔽件 |
JP3893421B2 (ja) | 2001-12-27 | 2007-03-14 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 光変調素子及び光変調素子アレイ並びにそれを用いた露光装置 |
US6959990B2 (en) | 2001-12-31 | 2005-11-01 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Prism for high contrast projection |
US6791735B2 (en) * | 2002-01-09 | 2004-09-14 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Differentially-driven MEMS spatial light modulator |
US6608268B1 (en) | 2002-02-05 | 2003-08-19 | Memtronics, A Division Of Cogent Solutions, Inc. | Proximity micro-electro-mechanical system |
US6794119B2 (en) | 2002-02-12 | 2004-09-21 | Iridigm Display Corporation | Method for fabricating a structure for a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) device |
WO2003069404A1 (fr) | 2002-02-15 | 2003-08-21 | Bridgestone Corporation | Unite d'affichage d'images |
US6643053B2 (en) | 2002-02-20 | 2003-11-04 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Piecewise linear spatial phase modulator using dual-mode micromirror arrays for temporal and diffractive fourier optics |
US6574033B1 (en) | 2002-02-27 | 2003-06-03 | Iridigm Display Corporation | Microelectromechanical systems device and method for fabricating same |
US7510300B2 (en) | 2002-03-01 | 2009-03-31 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Light emitting device and display apparatus and read apparatus using the light emitting device |
US6891658B2 (en) | 2002-03-04 | 2005-05-10 | The University Of British Columbia | Wide viewing angle reflective display |
GB0205479D0 (en) | 2002-03-08 | 2002-04-24 | Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv | Matrix display devices |
US7145143B2 (en) | 2002-03-18 | 2006-12-05 | Honeywell International Inc. | Tunable sensor |
US6768555B2 (en) | 2002-03-21 | 2004-07-27 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Fabry-Perot filter apparatus with enhanced optical discrimination |
US6965468B2 (en) | 2003-07-03 | 2005-11-15 | Reflectivity, Inc | Micromirror array having reduced gap between adjacent micromirrors of the micromirror array |
US7247938B2 (en) | 2002-04-11 | 2007-07-24 | Nxp B.V. | Carrier, method of manufacturing a carrier and an electronic device |
US6972882B2 (en) | 2002-04-30 | 2005-12-06 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Micro-mirror device with light angle amplification |
US6954297B2 (en) | 2002-04-30 | 2005-10-11 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Micro-mirror device including dielectrophoretic liquid |
US20030202264A1 (en) | 2002-04-30 | 2003-10-30 | Weber Timothy L. | Micro-mirror device |
US20040212026A1 (en) | 2002-05-07 | 2004-10-28 | Hewlett-Packard Company | MEMS device having time-varying control |
US6778034B2 (en) | 2002-05-07 | 2004-08-17 | G.M.W.T. (Global Micro Wire Technology) Ltd. | EMI filters |
JP2003340795A (ja) | 2002-05-20 | 2003-12-02 | Sony Corp | 静電駆動型mems素子とその製造方法、光学mems素子、光変調素子、glvデバイス及びレーザディスプレイ |
JP3801099B2 (ja) | 2002-06-04 | 2006-07-26 | 株式会社デンソー | チューナブルフィルタ、その製造方法、及びそれを使用した光スイッチング装置 |
US6813059B2 (en) | 2002-06-28 | 2004-11-02 | Silicon Light Machines, Inc. | Reduced formation of asperities in contact micro-structures |
DE10228946B4 (de) | 2002-06-28 | 2004-08-26 | Universität Bremen | Optischer Modulator, Display, Verwendung eines optischen Modulators und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines optischen Modulators |
US6741377B2 (en) | 2002-07-02 | 2004-05-25 | Iridigm Display Corporation | Device having a light-absorbing mask and a method for fabricating same |
JP4001066B2 (ja) | 2002-07-18 | 2007-10-31 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | 電気光学装置、配線基板及び電子機器 |
US6738194B1 (en) | 2002-07-22 | 2004-05-18 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Resonance tunable optical filter |
US6822798B2 (en) * | 2002-08-09 | 2004-11-23 | Optron Systems, Inc. | Tunable optical filter |
US6674033B1 (en) * | 2002-08-21 | 2004-01-06 | Ming-Shan Wang | Press button type safety switch |
TW544787B (en) * | 2002-09-18 | 2003-08-01 | Promos Technologies Inc | Method of forming self-aligned contact structure with locally etched gate conductive layer |
JP4057871B2 (ja) | 2002-09-19 | 2008-03-05 | 東芝松下ディスプレイテクノロジー株式会社 | 液晶表示装置 |
US7508566B2 (en) | 2002-09-19 | 2009-03-24 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Switchable optical element |
WO2004027497A1 (ja) | 2002-09-20 | 2004-04-01 | Hitachi Displays, Ltd. | 半透過反射型液晶表示装置 |
KR100512960B1 (ko) | 2002-09-26 | 2005-09-07 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 플렉서블 mems 트랜스듀서와 그 제조방법 및 이를채용한 플렉서블 mems 무선 마이크로폰 |
US6885409B2 (en) | 2002-09-27 | 2005-04-26 | Eastman Kodak Company | Cholesteric liquid crystal display system |
US6986587B2 (en) | 2002-10-16 | 2006-01-17 | Olympus Corporation | Variable-shape reflection mirror and method of manufacturing the same |
JP4347654B2 (ja) | 2002-10-16 | 2009-10-21 | オリンパス株式会社 | 可変形状反射鏡及びその製造方法 |
US7085121B2 (en) | 2002-10-21 | 2006-08-01 | Hrl Laboratories, Llc | Variable capacitance membrane actuator for wide band tuning of microstrip resonators and filters |
US6747785B2 (en) | 2002-10-24 | 2004-06-08 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | MEMS-actuated color light modulator and methods |
FR2846318B1 (fr) | 2002-10-24 | 2005-01-07 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Microstructure electromecanique integree comportant des moyens de reglage de la pression dans une cavite scellee et procede de reglage de la pression |
US6666561B1 (en) | 2002-10-28 | 2003-12-23 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Continuously variable analog micro-mirror device |
US7370185B2 (en) | 2003-04-30 | 2008-05-06 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Self-packaged optical interference display device having anti-stiction bumps, integral micro-lens, and reflection-absorbing layers |
JP3796499B2 (ja) | 2002-11-06 | 2006-07-12 | キヤノン株式会社 | カラー表示素子、カラー表示素子の駆動方法及びカラー表示装置 |
US6983135B1 (en) | 2002-11-11 | 2006-01-03 | Marvell International, Ltd. | Mixer gain calibration method and apparatus |
US6909589B2 (en) | 2002-11-20 | 2005-06-21 | Corporation For National Research Initiatives | MEMS-based variable capacitor |
US6958846B2 (en) | 2002-11-26 | 2005-10-25 | Reflectivity, Inc | Spatial light modulators with light absorbing areas |
US6844959B2 (en) | 2002-11-26 | 2005-01-18 | Reflectivity, Inc | Spatial light modulators with light absorbing areas |
US6741503B1 (en) | 2002-12-04 | 2004-05-25 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | SLM display data address mapping for four bank frame buffer |
US6813060B1 (en) | 2002-12-09 | 2004-11-02 | Sandia Corporation | Electrical latching of microelectromechanical devices |
TWI289708B (en) * | 2002-12-25 | 2007-11-11 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies Inc | Optical interference type color display |
JP2004212638A (ja) | 2002-12-27 | 2004-07-29 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | 光変調素子及び平面表示素子 |
TW559686B (en) | 2002-12-27 | 2003-11-01 | Prime View Int Co Ltd | Optical interference type panel and the manufacturing method thereof |
JP2004212680A (ja) | 2002-12-27 | 2004-07-29 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | 光変調素子アレイ及びその製造方法 |
TW594155B (en) | 2002-12-27 | 2004-06-21 | Prime View Int Corp Ltd | Optical interference type color display and optical interference modulator |
US6808953B2 (en) * | 2002-12-31 | 2004-10-26 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Gap tuning for surface micromachined structures in an epitaxial reactor |
US7002719B2 (en) | 2003-01-15 | 2006-02-21 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Mirror for an integrated device |
JP2004219843A (ja) | 2003-01-16 | 2004-08-05 | Seiko Epson Corp | 光変調器、表示装置及びその製造方法 |
US7079154B2 (en) | 2003-01-18 | 2006-07-18 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Sub-pixel assembly with dithering |
US20040140557A1 (en) | 2003-01-21 | 2004-07-22 | United Test & Assembly Center Limited | Wl-bga for MEMS/MOEMS devices |
US20040147056A1 (en) | 2003-01-29 | 2004-07-29 | Mckinnell James C. | Micro-fabricated device and method of making |
TW557395B (en) | 2003-01-29 | 2003-10-11 | Yen Sun Technology Corp | Optical interference type reflection panel and the manufacturing method thereof |
US7205675B2 (en) | 2003-01-29 | 2007-04-17 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Micro-fabricated device with thermoelectric device and method of making |
TW200413810A (en) | 2003-01-29 | 2004-08-01 | Prime View Int Co Ltd | Light interference display panel and its manufacturing method |
JP2004235465A (ja) | 2003-01-30 | 2004-08-19 | Tokyo Electron Ltd | 接合方法、接合装置及び封止部材 |
US7250930B2 (en) | 2003-02-07 | 2007-07-31 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Transparent active-matrix display |
US7459402B2 (en) | 2003-02-12 | 2008-12-02 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Protection layers in micromirror array devices |
US6903487B2 (en) | 2003-02-14 | 2005-06-07 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Micro-mirror device with increased mirror tilt |
TW200417806A (en) | 2003-03-05 | 2004-09-16 | Prime View Int Corp Ltd | A structure of a light-incidence electrode of an optical interference display plate |
US6844953B2 (en) | 2003-03-12 | 2005-01-18 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Micro-mirror device including dielectrophoretic liquid |
TWI405196B (zh) | 2003-03-13 | 2013-08-11 | Lg Electronics Inc | 光學記錄媒體及其缺陷區域管理方法及其裝置 |
KR100925195B1 (ko) | 2003-03-17 | 2009-11-06 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | 대화형 디스크 플레이어의 이미지 데이터 처리장치 및처리방법 |
JP2004286825A (ja) | 2003-03-19 | 2004-10-14 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | 平面表示装置 |
US6913942B2 (en) | 2003-03-28 | 2005-07-05 | Reflectvity, Inc | Sacrificial layers for use in fabrications of microelectromechanical devices |
TW594360B (en) | 2003-04-21 | 2004-06-21 | Prime View Int Corp Ltd | A method for fabricating an interference display cell |
TWI226504B (en) | 2003-04-21 | 2005-01-11 | Prime View Int Co Ltd | A structure of an interference display cell |
TW567355B (en) | 2003-04-21 | 2003-12-21 | Prime View Int Co Ltd | An interference display cell and fabrication method thereof |
TWI224235B (en) | 2003-04-21 | 2004-11-21 | Prime View Int Co Ltd | A method for fabricating an interference display cell |
US7400489B2 (en) | 2003-04-30 | 2008-07-15 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | System and a method of driving a parallel-plate variable micro-electromechanical capacitor |
US6829132B2 (en) | 2003-04-30 | 2004-12-07 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Charge control of micro-electromechanical device |
US7447891B2 (en) | 2003-04-30 | 2008-11-04 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Light modulator with concentric control-electrode structure |
US6853476B2 (en) | 2003-04-30 | 2005-02-08 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Charge control circuit for a micro-electromechanical device |
US7358966B2 (en) | 2003-04-30 | 2008-04-15 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company L.P. | Selective update of micro-electromechanical device |
US6741384B1 (en) | 2003-04-30 | 2004-05-25 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Control of MEMS and light modulator arrays |
US7072093B2 (en) | 2003-04-30 | 2006-07-04 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Optical interference pixel display with charge control |
US6940630B2 (en) | 2003-05-01 | 2005-09-06 | University Of Florida Research Foundation, Inc. | Vertical displacement device |
US6819469B1 (en) | 2003-05-05 | 2004-11-16 | Igor M. Koba | High-resolution spatial light modulator for 3-dimensional holographic display |
JP4075678B2 (ja) | 2003-05-06 | 2008-04-16 | ソニー株式会社 | 固体撮像素子 |
US7218499B2 (en) | 2003-05-14 | 2007-05-15 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Charge control circuit |
JP4338442B2 (ja) | 2003-05-23 | 2009-10-07 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 透過型光変調素子の製造方法 |
TW570896B (en) * | 2003-05-26 | 2004-01-11 | Prime View Int Co Ltd | A method for fabricating an interference display cell |
TW591716B (en) * | 2003-05-26 | 2004-06-11 | Prime View Int Co Ltd | A structure of a structure release and manufacturing the same |
US6917459B2 (en) | 2003-06-03 | 2005-07-12 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | MEMS device and method of forming MEMS device |
US6811267B1 (en) | 2003-06-09 | 2004-11-02 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Display system with nonvisible data projection |
TWI223855B (en) | 2003-06-09 | 2004-11-11 | Taiwan Semiconductor Mfg | Method for manufacturing reflective spatial light modulator mirror devices |
JP2007027150A (ja) | 2003-06-23 | 2007-02-01 | Hitachi Chem Co Ltd | 集光型光発電システム |
US7221495B2 (en) | 2003-06-24 | 2007-05-22 | Idc Llc | Thin film precursor stack for MEMS manufacturing |
FR2857153B1 (fr) | 2003-07-01 | 2005-08-26 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Micro-commutateur bistable a faible consommation. |
US7190337B2 (en) * | 2003-07-02 | 2007-03-13 | Kent Displays Incorporated | Multi-configuration display driver |
US6980347B2 (en) | 2003-07-03 | 2005-12-27 | Reflectivity, Inc | Micromirror having reduced space between hinge and mirror plate of the micromirror |
US6862127B1 (en) | 2003-11-01 | 2005-03-01 | Fusao Ishii | High performance micromirror arrays and methods of manufacturing the same |
US7190380B2 (en) * | 2003-09-26 | 2007-03-13 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Generating and displaying spatially offset sub-frames |
JP3786106B2 (ja) | 2003-08-11 | 2006-06-14 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | 波長可変光フィルタ及びその製造方法 |
US7173314B2 (en) * | 2003-08-13 | 2007-02-06 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Storage device having a probe and a storage cell with moveable parts |
TW200506479A (en) * | 2003-08-15 | 2005-02-16 | Prime View Int Co Ltd | Color changeable pixel for an interference display |
TWI251712B (en) * | 2003-08-15 | 2006-03-21 | Prime View Int Corp Ltd | Interference display plate |
TWI305599B (en) * | 2003-08-15 | 2009-01-21 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies Inc | Interference display panel and method thereof |
TW593127B (en) * | 2003-08-18 | 2004-06-21 | Prime View Int Co Ltd | Interference display plate and manufacturing method thereof |
TWI231865B (en) * | 2003-08-26 | 2005-05-01 | Prime View Int Co Ltd | An interference display cell and fabrication method thereof |
US20050057442A1 (en) * | 2003-08-28 | 2005-03-17 | Olan Way | Adjacent display of sequential sub-images |
JP3979982B2 (ja) | 2003-08-29 | 2007-09-19 | シャープ株式会社 | 干渉性変調器および表示装置 |
TWI230801B (en) | 2003-08-29 | 2005-04-11 | Prime View Int Co Ltd | Reflective display unit using interferometric modulation and manufacturing method thereof |
TWI232333B (en) * | 2003-09-03 | 2005-05-11 | Prime View Int Co Ltd | Display unit using interferometric modulation and manufacturing method thereof |
US7027204B2 (en) | 2003-09-26 | 2006-04-11 | Silicon Light Machines Corporation | High-density spatial light modulator |
US6982820B2 (en) * | 2003-09-26 | 2006-01-03 | Prime View International Co., Ltd. | Color changeable pixel |
US20050068583A1 (en) * | 2003-09-30 | 2005-03-31 | Gutkowski Lawrence J. | Organizing a digital image |
TW593126B (en) | 2003-09-30 | 2004-06-21 | Prime View Int Co Ltd | A structure of a micro electro mechanical system and manufacturing the same |
US6861277B1 (en) * | 2003-10-02 | 2005-03-01 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Method of forming MEMS device |
US7324176B2 (en) | 2003-10-07 | 2008-01-29 | American Panel Corporation | Flat panel display having integral heater, EMI shield, and thermal sensors |
US7265809B2 (en) | 2003-10-07 | 2007-09-04 | Universal Avionics Systems Corporation | Flat panel display having integral metal heater optically hidden behind an EMI shield |
JP2005121906A (ja) | 2003-10-16 | 2005-05-12 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | 反射型光変調アレイ素子及び露光装置 |
US6994245B2 (en) | 2003-10-17 | 2006-02-07 | James M. Pinchot | Micro-reactor fabrication |
US20050122306A1 (en) | 2003-10-29 | 2005-06-09 | E Ink Corporation | Electro-optic displays with single edge addressing and removable driver circuitry |
US7198873B2 (en) * | 2003-11-18 | 2007-04-03 | Asml Netherlands B.V. | Lithographic processing optimization based on hypersampled correlations |
TW200524236A (en) | 2003-12-01 | 2005-07-16 | Nl Nanosemiconductor Gmbh | Optoelectronic device incorporating an interference filter |
US7161728B2 (en) | 2003-12-09 | 2007-01-09 | Idc, Llc | Area array modulation and lead reduction in interferometric modulators |
ATE552521T1 (de) | 2003-12-19 | 2012-04-15 | Barco Nv | Breitbandige reflektive anzeigevorrichtung |
WO2005089098A2 (en) | 2004-01-14 | 2005-09-29 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Ultra broadband mirror using subwavelength grating |
TWI235345B (en) | 2004-01-20 | 2005-07-01 | Prime View Int Co Ltd | A structure of an optical interference display unit |
JP2005235403A (ja) | 2004-02-17 | 2005-09-02 | Hitachi Displays Ltd | 有機・el表示装置 |
TWI256941B (en) | 2004-02-18 | 2006-06-21 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies Inc | A micro electro mechanical system display cell and method for fabricating thereof |
US7119945B2 (en) | 2004-03-03 | 2006-10-10 | Idc, Llc | Altering temporal response of microelectromechanical elements |
TW200530669A (en) | 2004-03-05 | 2005-09-16 | Prime View Int Co Ltd | Interference display plate and manufacturing method thereof |
TWI261683B (en) | 2004-03-10 | 2006-09-11 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies Inc | Interference reflective element and repairing method thereof |
JP4581453B2 (ja) | 2004-03-29 | 2010-11-17 | ソニー株式会社 | Mems素子、光学mems素子、回折型光学mems素子、並びにレーザディスプレイ |
JP2005308871A (ja) | 2004-04-19 | 2005-11-04 | Aterio Design Kk | 干渉カラーフィルター |
US7400041B2 (en) | 2004-04-26 | 2008-07-15 | Sriram Muthukumar | Compliant multi-composition interconnects |
US7245285B2 (en) | 2004-04-28 | 2007-07-17 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Pixel device |
US7476327B2 (en) | 2004-05-04 | 2009-01-13 | Idc, Llc | Method of manufacture for microelectromechanical devices |
US7787170B2 (en) | 2004-06-15 | 2010-08-31 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Micromirror array assembly with in-array pillars |
US7075700B2 (en) * | 2004-06-25 | 2006-07-11 | The Boeing Company | Mirror actuator position sensor systems and methods |
EP1774391A4 (en) | 2004-07-09 | 2009-11-04 | Univ Cincinnati | ELECTROMOUPLING LIGHT MODULATOR FOR DISPLAY |
TWI233916B (en) | 2004-07-09 | 2005-06-11 | Prime View Int Co Ltd | A structure of a micro electro mechanical system |
TWI270722B (en) | 2004-07-23 | 2007-01-11 | Au Optronics Corp | Dual-side display panel |
EP1779173A1 (en) | 2004-07-29 | 2007-05-02 | Idc, Llc | System and method for micro-electromechanical operating of an interferometric modulator |
US7436389B2 (en) * | 2004-07-29 | 2008-10-14 | Eugene J Mar | Method and system for controlling the output of a diffractive light device |
US7126741B2 (en) * | 2004-08-12 | 2006-10-24 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Light modulator assembly |
US7372348B2 (en) | 2004-08-20 | 2008-05-13 | Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated | Stressed material and shape memory material MEMS devices and methods for manufacturing |
ES2309651T3 (es) | 2004-09-01 | 2008-12-16 | Barco, Naamloze Vennootschap. | Conjunto de prismas. |
KR100648310B1 (ko) | 2004-09-24 | 2006-11-23 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 영상의 휘도 정보를 이용한 색변환장치 및 이를 구비하는디스플레이 장치 |
US7684104B2 (en) | 2004-09-27 | 2010-03-23 | Idc, Llc | MEMS using filler material and method |
US7130104B2 (en) | 2004-09-27 | 2006-10-31 | Idc, Llc | Methods and devices for inhibiting tilting of a mirror in an interferometric modulator |
US7898521B2 (en) | 2004-09-27 | 2011-03-01 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Device and method for wavelength filtering |
US7612932B2 (en) | 2004-09-27 | 2009-11-03 | Idc, Llc | Microelectromechanical device with optical function separated from mechanical and electrical function |
US7372613B2 (en) | 2004-09-27 | 2008-05-13 | Idc, Llc | Method and device for multistate interferometric light modulation |
US8008736B2 (en) | 2004-09-27 | 2011-08-30 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Analog interferometric modulator device |
US7304784B2 (en) | 2004-09-27 | 2007-12-04 | Idc, Llc | Reflective display device having viewable display on both sides |
US7420725B2 (en) | 2004-09-27 | 2008-09-02 | Idc, Llc | Device having a conductive light absorbing mask and method for fabricating same |
US7184202B2 (en) | 2004-09-27 | 2007-02-27 | Idc, Llc | Method and system for packaging a MEMS device |
US7321456B2 (en) | 2004-09-27 | 2008-01-22 | Idc, Llc | Method and device for corner interferometric modulation |
US7564612B2 (en) | 2004-09-27 | 2009-07-21 | Idc, Llc | Photonic MEMS and structures |
US7289259B2 (en) * | 2004-09-27 | 2007-10-30 | Idc, Llc | Conductive bus structure for interferometric modulator array |
US7944599B2 (en) | 2004-09-27 | 2011-05-17 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Electromechanical device with optical function separated from mechanical and electrical function |
US7630119B2 (en) | 2004-09-27 | 2009-12-08 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Apparatus and method for reducing slippage between structures in an interferometric modulator |
US7327510B2 (en) | 2004-09-27 | 2008-02-05 | Idc, Llc | Process for modifying offset voltage characteristics of an interferometric modulator |
US7893919B2 (en) | 2004-09-27 | 2011-02-22 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Display region architectures |
US7420728B2 (en) | 2004-09-27 | 2008-09-02 | Idc, Llc | Methods of fabricating interferometric modulators by selectively removing a material |
US7302157B2 (en) | 2004-09-27 | 2007-11-27 | Idc, Llc | System and method for multi-level brightness in interferometric modulation |
US7321457B2 (en) | 2006-06-01 | 2008-01-22 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Process and structure for fabrication of MEMS device having isolated edge posts |
US7684106B2 (en) | 2006-11-02 | 2010-03-23 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Compatible MEMS switch architecture |
US20080121270A1 (en) | 2006-11-28 | 2008-05-29 | General Electric Company | Photovoltaic roof tile system |
US7535621B2 (en) | 2006-12-27 | 2009-05-19 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Aluminum fluoride films for microelectromechanical system applications |
US7630121B2 (en) | 2007-07-02 | 2009-12-08 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Electromechanical device with optical function separated from mechanical and electrical function |
-
2005
- 2005-02-11 US US11/057,045 patent/US7289259B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-08-01 AU AU2005203376A patent/AU2005203376A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-08-11 JP JP2005233651A patent/JP4501004B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-08-15 SG SG200505163A patent/SG121058A1/en unknown
- 2005-08-25 CA CA002517048A patent/CA2517048A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-08-25 TW TW094129141A patent/TWI440889B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-09-07 MX MXPA05009546A patent/MXPA05009546A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2005-09-13 KR KR1020050085295A patent/KR101170706B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-09-14 EP EP13172916.2A patent/EP2642329A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-09-14 EP EP05255648.7A patent/EP1640765B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2005-09-14 ES ES05255648.7T patent/ES2511765T3/es active Active
- 2005-09-15 CN CN201110316908.XA patent/CN102426405B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-09-15 CN CN2005101034453A patent/CN1755478B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-09-26 RU RU2005129915/09A patent/RU2005129915A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-09-27 BR BRPI0503899-5A patent/BRPI0503899A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2006
- 2006-08-18 HK HK06109190.3A patent/HK1087192A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2007
- 2007-10-19 US US11/875,613 patent/US7982700B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2011
- 2011-06-07 US US13/155,264 patent/US8390547B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2012
- 2012-01-11 KR KR1020120003302A patent/KR101232205B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2012-05-09 KR KR1020120049218A patent/KR101236288B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2013
- 2013-03-04 US US13/784,491 patent/US9086564B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4403248A (en) * | 1980-03-04 | 1983-09-06 | U.S. Philips Corporation | Display device with deformable reflective medium |
Also Published As
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN102426405B (zh) | 用于干涉式调制器阵列的导电总线结构 | |
CN1755492B (zh) | 具有一导电的光吸收性光罩的装置及其制作方法 | |
US7612932B2 (en) | Microelectromechanical device with optical function separated from mechanical and electrical function | |
US9001412B2 (en) | Electromechanical device with optical function separated from mechanical and electrical function | |
CN1755493B (zh) | 用于干涉式调制中的多级亮度的系统及方法 | |
KR101276274B1 (ko) | 다중 상태 간섭 광 변조를 위한 방법 및 기기 | |
US7630121B2 (en) | Electromechanical device with optical function separated from mechanical and electrical function | |
CN102608755A (zh) | 使用背光照明照射干涉式调制器的系统及方法 | |
CN100492103C (zh) | 具有一带有集成滤色器的空间光调制器阵列的显示装置 | |
CN100523979C (zh) | 用于多状态干涉式光调制的方法和装置 | |
CN100487547C (zh) | 用于其中集成有透明组件的显示器的方法和装置 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C06 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee | ||
CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20150429 Termination date: 20160915 |