CN101857489B - Zinc-enriched selenium-enriched lentinus edodes and cultivation method thereof - Google Patents
Zinc-enriched selenium-enriched lentinus edodes and cultivation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses zinc-enriched selenium-enriched lentinus edodes and a cultivation method thereof. In the cultivation process of common lentinus edodes, a water solution of Na2SeO3 and ZnSO3 is added according to a certain proportion when a cultivation material is prepared, and the selenium content and the zinc content of the selenium-enriched zinc-enriched lentinus edodes cultivated in this way are several tens of times to hundreds of times higher than the selenium content and the zinc content of the common lentinus edodes. The invention provides a very good selenium-replenished zinc-replenished green health-care product to people.
Description
Relate to the field
The present invention relates to the cultivation technique of edible mushrooms, relate in particular to a kind of Zinc-enriched selenium-enriched lentinus edodes and cultivating method thereof.
Background technology
Selenium and zinc are the necessary trace elements of human body.There is in the world the soil of more than 40 country to lack selenium and zinc.China has 72% area to belong to lack selenium and lacks the zinc area, certainly will cause hanging down in a large number the generation of the low zinc plant of selenium, causes pernicious low selenium hang down the zinc level food chain, causes the low selenium of people and animals' food source to hang down zinc impregnation, has a strong impact on the health of humans and animals.The research of recent domestic finds that some edible mushrooms has the rich zinc ability of stronger rich selenium.Take mushroom as carrier, inorganic selenium and inorganic zinc are converted into organoselenium and organic zinc, make it to become to the rich zinc healthcare products of the comparatively desirable rich selenium of the mankind.Mushroom has special fragrance and very high pharmaceutical use, is to divide the green health care food of recognizing both at home and abroad, and single Se-rich xianggu and single rich zinc mushroom are succeeded in developing, but Zinc-enriched selenium-enriched lentinus edodes does not also occur simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
The present invention seeks to disclose a kind of rich zinc cultivation of rich selenium of carrying out take mushroom as carrier, inorganic selenium and inorganic zinc are converted into organoselenium and organic zinc, make it to become to the rich zinc healthcare products of the comparatively desirable rich selenium of the mankind, obtain the cultivating method of the rich zinc mushroom of rich selenium.
For the present invention that achieves the above object has taked following technical scheme:
Technical route: select materials, prepare burden the inorganic selenium salt of various dose (add), spice, pack, sterilization, cooling, inoculation, turning, acanthopore, cultivation, selected scenes, put up a shed, take off bag, grand style, gather, process.
The rich zinc cultivating champignon of a kind of rich selenium material is characterized in that the proportioning of its feed composition is:
Weed tree sawdust 78%
Wheat skin 16%
Semen Maydis powder 4.0%
Terra alba 1.0%
Sucrose 0.5%
Calcium superphosphate 0.5%
Na2SeO3
ZnSO3
Wherein, Na
2SeO
3Consumption is to add 40-60mg in the 1kg formula material;
ZnSO
3Consumption is to add 40-60mg in the 1kg formula material;
How many consumptions of mushroom strain is decided according to planting material.
The rich zinc mushroom of described rich selenium is characterized in that described weed tree sawdust length is 1-1.5cm, and thickness is wanted appropriateness; Wheat bran, Semen Maydis powder are fresh.
The cultivating method of the rich zinc mushroom of described rich selenium is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
(1) carry the preparation of training material: by formula rate Na2SeO3, ZnSO3 are dissolved in the water, elder generation stirs with Mai Pi and calcium superphosphate, mixes thoroughly with wood chip to get final product again, and water content is 55%-60%;
(2) pack: require degree of tightness suitable when packed;
(3) sterilization: the charge bar after the pack must advance the pot sterilization in six hours, normal-pressure sterilization rises to pot temperature 100 ℃ as early as possible, and kept 10-12 hour;
(4) inoculation: after sterilization finishes, take the dish out of the pot while hot, when the charge bar temperature is reduced to 30 degree when following, begin inoculation, be seeded under the aseptic condition mushroom strain is divided into sizeable bacterium piece after, inoculate rapidly again;
(5) stack: postvaccinal bacterium cylinder is directly stacked ground, puts four, staggers in length and breadth the " # " font for every layer;
(6) ventilation: frequent ventilation is wanted in the place of stacking the bacterium cylinder, indoor drying, the cleaning wanted, and relative air humidity keeps more than 70%, and indoor light should not be too strong, and bacteria developing period illumination is more dark better;
(7) acanthopore: at twice, rear about 15 days in the inoculation first time, when inoculation mycelia loop diameter reaches 6-7 centimetre, with diameter 1-2 millimeter bamboo pole, around the end that the culture bag mycelia has spread, sting 4 of little shallow bore holes, the acanthopore ventilation is carried out every secondary acanthopore after a couple of days in batches, hole depth 0.5-1 centimetre, requires indoor air temperature below 28 degrees centigrade during acanthopore;
(8) urge flower bud: manual method is created the temperature difference and is urged bacterium, closely cover mushroom wood with film daytime, improving the mushroom bed tempertaure reaches about 20 degrees centigrade, raise film reduction mushroom bed tempertaure when nocturnal temperature is minimum and can reach the temperature difference below 10 degrees centigrade, repeatable operation three days, form the mushroom flower bud, guarantee that mushroom wood moisture is about 40%.
The present invention cultivates Zinc-enriched selenium-enriched lentinus edodes, and to have a material feeding fast, and mycelia is sturdy strong, good luster, and strong stress resistance, aobvious flower bud are early, tender, the thick flavor of mushroom meat, change of tide is fast, output is high, wide adaptability; The content of zinc and selenium has improved doubly a lot than these two kinds of constituent contents in the common mushroom, for the mankind provide the comparatively desirable rich zinc healthcare products of rich selenium.
Specific embodiment
One, production technology
1, for the examination material
1.1 for the examination bacterial classification, mushroom strain draws from Lishui of Zhejiang city mountain mushroom and already researchs and develops company limited.
1.2 material: the Na2seo3 reinforcer is provided by Anhui Si Da company professional production, and is little of bavin pulverizing wood chip 1-1.5cm, fresh wheat skin, fresh Semen Maydis powder, terra alba, calcium superphosphate, ZnSO3
1.3 prescription is cultivated in cultivation: weed tree sawdust 78%, wheat skin 16%, Semen Maydis powder 40%, terra alba 1.0%, sucrose 0.5%, calcium superphosphate 0.5%, Na2SeO3 (various dose), ZnSO3 (various dose)
2, pack and sterilization:
2.1 batching: by formula rate Na2SeO3, ZnSO3 are dissolved in the water, elder generation stirs with Mai Pi and calcium superphosphate, mixes thoroughly with wood chip to get final product again;
2.2 moisture content: it is moderate to add water, excessively wet, unfavorable to sending out bacterium, adds high temperature, burns easily bacterium or goes mouldy; Overdrying, influential to fruiting.An amount of method of inspection of moisture content is to pinch the material of mixing with two fingers, and finger has infiltration and is advisable water content about about 55% without dripping.
2.3 pack: with satisfactory batching pack, material will fill to such an extent that degree of tightness is suitable, and it is slow that the pack tension is sent out bacterium, easy perverse plastics bag, and it is fast to cross loose nutrient consumption, and also easily loose cylinder affects output.Pack with prick the sack operation of all being careful, prevent the miscellaneous bacteria infection.
2.4 sterilization: the charge bar after the pack must advance the pot sterilization in six hours, otherwise easily acidifying, normal-pressure sterilization should rise to pot temperature as early as possible 100 degree, and keep 10-12 hour.
3, inoculation: after sterilization finishes, take the dish out of the pot while hot, when the charge bar temperature is reduced to 30 degree when following, begin inoculation, want during inoculation rapidly, the shortening inoculation time connects the one-tenth bag rate of high bacterium rod.
4, management:
4.1 postvaccinal bacterium rod is wanted frequent ventilation, opens the door night and windows, and accelerates airiness, daytime, particularly noon, must close the doors and windows and avoid warm air to enter.Indoor drying, the cleaning wanted, relative air humidity keeps more than 70%, and indoor light should not be too strong, and high light stimulates bacterium to grow, and forms easily brown warty mycoderm, consume a large amount of nutrients, so bacteria developing period illumination is more dark better.
4.2 stack: the bacterium cylinder is directly stacked the ground cultivation, puts four for every layer, staggers in length and breadth the " # " font, in order to heat radiation, ventilation.
4.3 acanthopore: inoculate rear about 15 days, inoculation ferfas silk, run wild, the mycelia loop diameter reaches 6-7 centimetre, at this moment mycelium increases, oxygen-consumption is large, should add forced ventilation, if the mycelia anoxic, expiratory dyspnea can affect mycelial growth, therefore, must useful way of having led to, input an amount of oxygen, namely we are accustomed to said acanthopore.Concrete operation method is: with diameter 1-2 millimeter bamboo pole, mycelia spreads rapidly after stinging 4 of little shallow bore holes, puncture around the end that the culture bag mycelia has spread.The slow phenomenon of mycelial growth appears in a couple of days again after the ventilation, can carry out every secondary acanthopore, dark 0.5-1 centimetre.Can accelerate like this mycelia and be covered with full bag, but will carry out during acanthopore in batches, to prevent the heat radiation of bacterium rod, it is too high that the temperature rises.Require indoor air temperature below 28 degrees centigrade during acanthopore, otherwise cause easily the burning bacterium.
5, management of producing mushroom
5.1 ripe mushroom wood will manually be created the temperature difference and urge bacterium, natural temperature differential was large when low temperature season was fine, and temperature can reach 18 degrees centigrade, and closely cover mushroom wood with film this moment, can improve the mushroom bed tempertaure and reach 20 degrees centigrade.Raise film when nocturnal temperature is minimum, just can reaches the temperature difference below 10 degrees centigrade, general repeatable operation three days can form the mushroom flower bud, and it is fixed that the fate that film covers will come according to the temperature of mushroom flower bud growth.
5.2 mushroom wood moisture content drops to 40% when following, the water filling of soaking.
Two, results and analysis
1.1 execute selenium on mycelial growth and the impact in sporophore growth cycle by table as seen.Apply in the substratum different concns selenium solution.Impact on mycelial growth is different.Execute selenium, when zinc concentration is lower than 80mg/kg, the long speed of mycelia is fast, it is short to send out the bacterium time, mycelia is dense sturdy in vain, the fruiting time is short, reguarity also increases; When executing selenium, zinc concentration 60mg/kg, the mycelia growing way is best.
When this explanation selenium, zinc concentration are low, mycelia is had the usefulness of promotion, selenium, zinc concentration is too high restraining effect.
Table 1 different concns is processed mycelial growth and the impact in sporophore growth cycle
| Selenium concentration (mg/kg) | The field planting fate (my god) | Existing former basic fate (my god) | Send out the bacterium fate (my god) | Go out the bacterium fate (my god) |
| 0 | 8 | 9 | 65 | 14 |
| 20 | 7 | 8 | 64 | 13 |
| 40 | 7 | 8 | 63 | 13 |
| 60 | 6 | 9 | 58 | 11 |
| 80 | 9 | 10 | 60 | 19 |
| 100 | 10 | 12 | 72 | 21 |
| Zinc concentration (mg/kg) | The field planting fate (my god) | Existing former basic fate (my god) | Send out the bacterium fate (my god) | Go out the bacterium fate (my god) |
| 0 | 8 | 9 | 65 | 14 |
| 20 | 7 | 8 | 64 | 13 |
| 40 | 7 | 8 | 63 | 13 |
| 60 | 6 | 9 | 58 | 11 |
| 80 | 9 | 10 | 60 | 19 |
| 100 | 10 | 12 | 72 | 21 |
2.1 the rich zinc cultivation of pasania fungus selenium-rich applies finite concentration selenium solution and zinc solution to the impact of sporophore entity output in conventional medium, fruiting body yield is had certain influence.During lower concentration, mushroom production 1.7%-8.7% can be improved, production declining 3.9%-6.9% can be made during high density.
2.2 the rich zinc effect of the rich selenium of mushroom: by as seen from Table 2, selenium, zinc solution added to increase the cultivation of making different concns in the substratum, all can improve selenium, the zinc content of sporophore.And selenium, zinc content become positive correlation in selenium in the substratum, zinc concentration and the sporophore, selenium content in the rich zinc mushroom of rich selenium is that 30.14mg/kg-123.41mg/kg improves 81-313 doubly than common mushroom selenium content, and the zinc content in the rich zinc mushroom of rich selenium is that 30.14mg/kg-123.41mg/kg zinc content improves 80-333 doubly.
2.4 the Analysis on Nutritious Ingredient of Fattening of the rich zinc mushroom of rich selenium:
The nutritive ingredient of the rich zinc mushroom of rich selenium is executed rich selenium, rich zinc makes moisture in the mushroom fruiting body, smart fibre content obviously reduces, and fat makes the mushroom content not obvious, and crude protein, carbohydrate content improve, composition reduces when low selenium, zinc concentration, and composition improves when high selenium, zinc concentration.
The test-results (mg/kg of unit) of the rich zinc cultivation of table 2 pasania fungus selenium-rich
| Execute selenium concentration | The sporophore selenium content | Execute zinc concentration | Sporophore zinc content |
| 0 | 0.37 | 0 | 0.37 |
| 20 | 30.16 | 20 | 30.16 |
| 40 | 47.91 | 40 | 47.91 |
| 60 | 77.62 | 60 | 77.62 |
| 80 | 95.61 | 80 | 95.61 |
| 100 | 123.41 | 100 | 123.41 |
Three, conclusion
1, take mushroom as carrier, in substratum, execute selenium, execute zinc and carry out inorganic selenium, inorganic zinc and transform, improved the content of selenium and zinc in the sporophore.In substratum, execute selenium and become positive correlation with the content of executing sporophore that zinc obtains with the selenium add-on.Find that by the rich zinc cultivation of rich selenium selenium, zinc concentration suit to promote mycelial growth, improve fruiting body yield and also improve quality.After inorganic selenium, inorganic zinc enter mycelium, be organoselenium and organic zinc through bio-transformation, promote amino acid and protein synthetic.
If 2 take in March, 1996 selenium that WHO/FAO/IAIE determines, zinc every MDR and adequate requirement as standard, the rich zinc fresh mushroom of edible rich selenium every day 80-100g, selenium content should be controlled at about 3mg/kg and be advisable, zinc content should be controlled to be advisable about 9mg/kg can supply requirement, if seriously regional at scarce selenium, zinc, can suitably improve the content of selenium in the sporophore, zinc as benefit selenium, zinc supplementation with the rich zinc mushroom of rich selenium, general selenium is controlled at 4-7mg/kg and is advisable, zinc content should be controlled at about 12-21mg/kg and be advisable, and can supply requirement.
Claims (1)
1. the cultivating method of the rich zinc mushroom of rich selenium is characterized in that the proportioning of the feed composition of its planting material is:
Wherein, Na
2SeO
3Consumption is to add 40-60mg in the 1kg formula material;
ZnSO
3Consumption is to add 40-60mg in the 1kg formula material;
Described weed tree sawdust length is 1-1.5cm, and thickness is wanted appropriateness; Wheat bran, Semen Maydis powder are fresh;
May further comprise the steps:
(1) carries the preparation of training material: press formula rate with Na
2SeO
3, ZnSO
3Dissolve in the water, elder generation stirs with Mai Pi and calcium superphosphate, mixes thoroughly with wood chip to get final product again, and water content is 55%-60%;
(2) pack: require degree of tightness suitable when packed;
(3) sterilization: the charge bar after the pack must advance the pot sterilization in six hours, normal-pressure sterilization rises to pot temperature 100 ℃ as early as possible, and kept 10-12 hour;
(4) inoculation: after sterilization finishes, take the dish out of the pot while hot, when the charge bar temperature is reduced to 30 degree when following, begin inoculation, be seeded under the aseptic condition mushroom strain is divided into sizeable bacterium piece after, inoculate rapidly again;
(5) stack: postvaccinal bacterium cylinder is directly stacked ground, puts four, staggers in length and breadth the " # " font for every layer;
(6) ventilation: frequent ventilation is wanted in the place of stacking the bacterium cylinder, indoor drying, the cleaning wanted, and relative air humidity keeps more than 70%, and indoor light should not be too strong, and bacteria developing period illumination is more dark better;
(7) acanthopore: at twice, rear 15 days in the inoculation first time, when inoculation mycelia loop diameter reaches 6-7 centimetre, with diameter 1-2 millimeter bamboo pole, around the end that the culture bag mycelia has spread, sting 4 of little shallow bore holes, the acanthopore ventilation is carried out every secondary acanthopore after a couple of days in batches, hole depth 0.5-1 centimetre, requires indoor air temperature below 28 degrees centigrade during acanthopore;
(8) urge flower bud: manual method is created the temperature difference and is urged bacterium, closely cover mushroom wood with film daytime, improve the mushroom bed tempertaure and reach 20 degrees centigrade, raise film reduction mushroom bed tempertaure when nocturnal temperature is minimum and can reach the temperature difference below 10 degrees centigrade, repeatable operation three days, form the mushroom flower bud, guarantee that mushroom wood moisture is 40%.
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