CN104429598A - Cultivation method of mushrooms - Google Patents
Cultivation method of mushrooms Download PDFInfo
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- CN104429598A CN104429598A CN201410658309.XA CN201410658309A CN104429598A CN 104429598 A CN104429598 A CN 104429598A CN 201410658309 A CN201410658309 A CN 201410658309A CN 104429598 A CN104429598 A CN 104429598A
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- cultivation
- wood chip
- cultivation method
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- blake bottle
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
- C05F5/002—Solid waste from mechanical processing of material, e.g. seed coats, olive pits, almond shells, fruit residue, rice hulls
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Mushroom Cultivation (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method of mushrooms. The method comprises the following steps: primary mixing, wherein water is added into wood chips, and the water and the wood chips are evenly stirred, so that the wood chips are moist; sterilization, wherein the moist wood chips are put into a cultivation bottle, and normal-pressure sterilization is carried out; inoculation, wherein the cultivation bottle is inoculated with a strain after being cooled; primary spawn running, wherein the inoculated cultivation bottle is placed in a cultivation room for cultivation till the cultivation bottle is full of hyphae, and an initial cultivation matrix is obtained; secondary mixing, wherein the cultivation matrix in the cultivation bottle is poured, bran is added into the cultivation matrix, the cultivation matrix and the bran are evenly stirred, and a cultivation matrix is obtained; secondary spawn running, wherein the cultivation matrix is put into a cultivation bag, and the cultivation bag is placed in the cultivation room for spawn running. According to the cultivation method of the mushrooms, because the pure wood chips are adopted as the cultivation matrix in primary spawn running, the contamination rate can be decreased, and the production cost can be lowered; besides, because the bran serving as an auxiliary nutrient source is added before secondary spawn running, the yield of the mushrooms can be increased, and the quality of the mushrooms can be improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fungus growing technique field, particularly relate to a kind of cultivation method of mushroom.
Background technology
Present stage mushroom plantation adopts traditional handicraft mostly, and namely spice → pack → the high pressure such as wheat bran, water or normal-pressure sterilization → cooling → inoculation → cultivation → fruiting are pulverized → added to wood chip.In spice process, add the subsidy nutrient sources such as wheat bran in this technique by a certain percentage, in inoculation, course of cultivating the microorganism, easily occur high pollution.In order to Control pollution, need carry out sterilizing, conventional sterilizing means have autoclaving and normal-pressure sterilization.According to autoclaving, need sterilizing at least four hours at 121 DEG C, the nutrient component of the subsidy such as wheat bran nutrient source at high temperature wrecks, and is unfavorable for cultivation below and fruiting process; According to normal-pressure sterilization, need sterilizing at least 12 hours at 100 DEG C, then the sterilizing needed and cool time longer, sterilization time is long causes heating needed for fuel increase, invisible adds planting cost.In inoculation, course of cultivating the microorganism, easily high pollution is there is because Medium Culture is nutritious in traditional handicraft.In this sterilization process, the nutrient of the subsidy such as wheat bran nutrient source destroys, and mycelial consumption in course of cultivating the microorganism in addition, causes at last fruiting Stage Nutrition under-supply, reduces the Yield and qualities of mushroom.
For the deficiency of traditional handicraft, a lot of unit and personage also did a lot of relevant improvement, as (1) two step cultivation in raw material method, its concrete technology is: wood chip is pulverized → added the subsidy spice → pack → high pressure such as nutrient source, water such as wheat bran or normal-pressure sterilization → cooling → inoculation → cultivation (mycelia is just covered with) → by the bacterium rod covered with and smashs to pieces and add a certain amount of raw material stirring → pack → secondary cultivation → fruiting; (2) cultivation in raw material method, its concrete technology is: mix with fresh wood chip according to a certain percentage after making cultivating champignon kind routinely, after again pack cultivation.
Improve one's methods and also there is respective deficiency for above-mentioned two kinds: (1) two step cultivation in raw material method: the pollution of this technique in first time course of cultivating the microorganism is still uncontrollable and reduce; Still there is the medium of major part first time cultivation in the medium after secondary pack, the medium of first time cultivation is destroyed at sterilization process Middle nutrition composition.(2) cultivation in raw material method: the cultivated species amount that this technique needs is very large, thus adds the cost producing cultivated species, cannot realize benefit.
Summary of the invention
For this reason, the object of the invention is to a kind of new method for cultivating mushroom that can solve the problems of the technologies described above.
The invention provides a kind of method for cultivating mushroom, comprise the steps: a spice step: in wood chip, add water and stir, make wood chip moistening; Sterilization steps: moistening wood chip is loaded blake bottle and carries out normal-pressure sterilization; Inoculation step: after described blake bottle cooling, strain inoculation is entered described blake bottle; Once send out bacterium step: postvaccinal blake bottle is placed in culturing room and cultivates, cover with blake bottle to mycelia, obtain initial incubation matrix; Secondary spice step: the culture matrix in blake bottle poured out and adds wheat bran, stirring, obtaining culture matrix; Secondary sends out bacterium step: described culture matrix loaded in culture bag, and culture bag is placed in culturing room and carries out sending out a bacterium.
Alternatively, according to cultivation method of the present invention, in a described spice step, in described wood chip, the addition of water is 1-1.1 times of wood chip weight.
Alternatively, according to cultivation method of the present invention, in a described spice step, described wood chip is weedtree wood chip.
Alternatively, according to cultivation method of the present invention, in described sterilization steps, sterilizing 30-40 minute at 100-105 DEG C.
Alternatively, cultivation method of the present invention, once send out in bacterium step described, cultivation temperature is 18-28 DEG C, and incubation time is 3-10 days.
Alternatively, according to cultivation method of the present invention, in described secondary spice step, the addition of described wheat bran is the 18-22% of described culture matrix dry weight.
Alternatively, according to cultivation method of the present invention, send out in bacterium step at described secondary, in an aseptic environment described culture matrix is loaded in culture bag.
Alternatively, according to cultivation method of the present invention, comprise pulverising step further: before carrying out a spice step, pulverized by wood chip.
Alternatively, according to cultivation method of the present invention, in described pulverising step, wood dust is broken to 3mm-3.5mm.
In method for cultivating mushroom of the present invention, once send out bacterium adopt be pure wood chip as medium, a lot of miscellaneous bacteria cannot or hardly grow in pure wood chip, and mycelium is then unaffected, can reduce pollution rate, save production cost; In addition, the wheat bran as subsidy nutrient source adds before secondary sends out bacterium, is not subject to its nutrient component of high temperature in autoclaving, can better be utilized by shiitake mushroom hypha, the yield and quality of mushroom is promoted all to some extent.
Accompanying drawing explanation
By reading hereafter detailed description of the preferred embodiment, various other advantage and benefit will become cheer and bright for those of ordinary skill in the art.Accompanying drawing only for illustrating the object of preferred embodiment, and does not think limitation of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet of method for cultivating mushroom of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and concrete embodiment, the invention will be further described.
The invention provides a kind of novel method for cultivating mushroom, this cultivation method can reduce the pollution sent out in bacterium process, and improves mushroom production and quality.
Fig. 1 shows the schematic flow sheet of method for cultivating mushroom of the present invention.As shown in Figure 1, this cultivation method comprises the steps:
A spice step S1200: add water and stir in wood chip, makes wood chip moistening;
Sterilization steps S1300: moistening wood chip is loaded blake bottle and carries out normal-pressure sterilization;
Inoculation step S1400: after described blake bottle cooling, strain inoculation is entered described blake bottle;
Once send out bacterium step S1500: postvaccinal blake bottle is placed in culturing room and cultivates, cover with blake bottle to mycelia, obtain initial incubation matrix;
Secondary spice step S1600: the culture matrix in blake bottle poured out and adds wheat bran, stirring, obtaining culture matrix;
Secondary sends out bacterium step S1700: described culture matrix loaded in culture bag, and culture bag is placed in culturing room and carries out sending out a bacterium.
Wherein, in a described spice step S1200, in described wood chip, the addition of water is generally the 1-1.1 of wood chip weight doubly, is preferably 1 times.Wood chip used is preferably weedtree wood chip.Described weedtree can select such as toothed oak wood, Manchurian ash, Ash, birch, elm, and jujube wood waits hardwood and pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, China fir, poplar, willow, linden, and look wood waits soft weedtree.In addition, stimulate because wood chip that is oil, fragranced can produce the growth of mushroom mycelium, therefore, the wood chip using such should be avoided.
In described sterilization steps S1300, can adopt automatic bottling machine that moistening wood chip is loaded blake bottle, wood chip is generally filled to 2/3 place of blake bottle volume.The volume size of blake bottle can according to actual needs and situation adjustment.Sterilizing adopts normal-pressure sterilization, and sterilizing 30-40 minute at 100-105 DEG C, main purpose is the biology of the insect killed in wood chip and so on.In existing mushroom cultivation, sterilizing generally adopts normal pressure or autoclaving, and wherein autoclaving must be incubated 4 hours at 121 DEG C, and normal-pressure sterilization must sterilizing 12 hours at 100 DEG C; Adopt autoclave temperature higher, the subsidy nutrient source nutrition such as wheat bran are destroyed serious (destroying the most serious when wheat bran nutrition is more than 115 DEG C); The sterilization time adopting normal-pressure sterilization to need is longer, the fuel that loss is too much and drop into too much manpower.The present invention need only be incubated 30-40 minute at 100 DEG C-105 DEG C, shortens sterilization time, can save the fuel needed for manpower, sterilizing and shorten the whole production cycle, making benefit.
In described inoculation step S1400, could inoculate when generally need wait until that the temperature of blake bottle drops to below 30 DEG C, lose efficacy to prevent the too high bacterial classification that causes of temperature.In the present invention, liquid inoculator can be adopted to inoculate, also can adopt the inoculation means in existing mushroom cultivation, not repeat at this.
Once send out in bacterium step S1500 described, can cultivate in different constant temperature culture rooms according to different mushroom kinds, general cultivation temperature is 18-28 DEG C, and incubation time is 3-10 days.Mushroom kind herein refers to that the low temperature kind divided by fruiting temperature, middle temperature are planted, high temperature kind.Specific in the present invention, high temperature kind mushroom is cultivated and can be covered with mycelia in 3-4 days at 25-28 DEG C, and middle temperature kind mushroom need cultivate 5-7 days at 22-24 DEG C, and low temperature kind mushroom need cultivate 9-10 days at 18-19 DEG C.Due to this once send out bacterium adopt be pure sawdust medium, a lot of miscellaneous bacteria cannot or hardly grow in pure wood chip, and mycelium is then unaffected, thus can reduce pollution rate, save production cost.
In described secondary spice step S1600, with automatically drawing bottle machine, the wood chip (that is, initial incubation matrix) covering with mycelia being drawn out in blake bottle, pouring in agitator.Then in initial incubation matrix, the wheat bran of described culture matrix dry weight 18-22% is added as subsidy nutrient source.Initial incubation matrix and wheat bran are stirred, obtains culture matrix.The wheat bran herein added can be through sterilization treatment, also can be undressed.
Send out in bacterium step S1700 at described secondary, preferably in an aseptic environment described culture matrix is loaded in culture bag.Automatic packer can be adopted to load in culture bag by culture matrix, then cultivate in different constant temperature culture rooms according to different mushroom kinds.A bacterium condition is herein identical with once sending out bacterium condition, and treat that bacterium rod is ripe, annesl terminates, and gets final product fruiting after cell age reaches.Because the wheat bran in culture matrix adds before secondary cultivation, be not subject to its nutrient component of high temperature in autoclaving, therefore can better be utilized by shiitake mushroom hypha, the yield and quality of mushroom is promoted all to some extent.
Preferably, cultivation method of the present invention comprises pulverising step S1100 further: before carrying out a spice step S1200, pulverized by wood chip.Applicant finds after deliberation, and the maturation time tool of fineness to mushroom mycelium of wood chip has a certain impact, if wood chip granularity is too large, then mycelia maturation time is longer, extends the production cycle.But after wood chip granularity reaches certain size, to the shortening DeGrain of mycelia maturation time.Applicant finds through large quantity research, wood dust is broken to 3mm-3.5mm comparatively suitable.
More according to the optional element of the method for cultivating mushroom of the present invention's proposition, can design various embodiments, therefore specific embodiment is only as the exemplary illustration of specific implementation of the present invention, and does not form limitation of the scope of the invention.In order to concrete description the present invention, following examples are selected to carry out exemplary illustration.
Embodiment 1
Weedtree wood dust is broken to the wood fragments bits that granularity is 3mm, in this wood chip, then adds the water of wood chip 1 times of weight, stir, make wood chip fully absorb moisture.Automatic bottling machine is adopted to be loaded by moistening wood chip in blake bottle and by its sterilizing 30 minutes at 100 DEG C.Strain inoculation entered in described blake bottle after described blake bottle cooling, and the constant temperature culture room postvaccinal blake bottle being placed in 28 DEG C is cultivated 3 days, mycelia covers with blake bottle, obtains initial incubation matrix.Use and automatically draw bottle machine and the initial incubation matrix in blake bottle is drawn out and joins in agitator, in agitator, add the wheat bran of initial incubation matrix dry weight 20%, stir, obtain culture matrix.Adopt automatic packer in an aseptic environment described culture matrix to be loaded diameter 15 centimetres, in the polyethylene tubular plastic culture bag of long 50 centimetres, and constant temperature culture room culture bag being placed in 28 DEG C carries out sending out bacterium.Treat that bacterium rod is ripe, annesl terminates, and gets final product fruiting after cell age reaches.
Embodiment 2
The cultivation method of the present embodiment is roughly the same with embodiment 1, and its difference is only: after moistening wood chip loads blake bottle, sterilizing 30 minutes at 105 DEG C.
Embodiment 3
The cultivation method of the present embodiment is roughly the same with embodiment 1, and its difference is only: after moistening wood chip loads blake bottle, sterilizing 40 minutes at 100 DEG C.
Embodiment 4
The cultivation method of the present embodiment is roughly the same with embodiment 1, and its difference is only: postvaccinal blake bottle is cultivated 3 days in the constant temperature culture room of 25 DEG C; The culture bag that culture matrix is housed carries out sending out bacterium in the constant temperature culture room of 25 DEG C.
Embodiment 5
The cultivation method of the present embodiment is roughly the same with embodiment 1, and its difference is only: postvaccinal blake bottle is cultivated 10 days in the constant temperature culture room of 18 DEG C; The culture bag that culture matrix is housed carries out sending out bacterium in the constant temperature culture room of 18 DEG C.
Embodiment 6
The cultivation method of the present embodiment is roughly the same with embodiment 1, and its difference is only: postvaccinal blake bottle is cultivated 9 days in the constant temperature culture room of 19 DEG C; The culture bag that culture matrix is housed carries out sending out bacterium in the constant temperature culture room of 19 DEG C.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example adopts traditional handicraft mushroom culture.Concrete operations are: weedtree wood dust is broken to the wood fragments bits that granularity is 3mm, then in this wood chip, adds water and wheat bran, stir, form culture matrix.Herein, weedtree wood chip used is identical with embodiment 1, and in wood chip, water is also identical with embodiment 1 with the addition of wheat bran.The material that stirs is loaded in culture bag, then sterilizing 12 hours at 100 DEG C.After culture bag cooling, strain inoculation is entered in described culture bag, and constant temperature culture room culture bag being placed in 28 DEG C carries out sending out bacterium.Treat that bacterium rod is ripe, annesl terminates, and gets final product fruiting after cell age reaches.Herein, the culture matrix weight loaded in the specification of inoculum concentration, culture bag and culture bag is also all identical with embodiment 1.
Adopt the cultivation method of comparative example 1, the mushroom of production can be gathered 4-5 stubble, and mushroom gross yield is generally 0.6-0.7kg; Spontaneous bacterium starts to gather complete to last batch of mushroom, generally needs the time of about 8 months.
Adopt the cultivation method of above-described embodiment 1-6, the mushroom of production can be gathered 4-5 stubble equally, and the gross yield of first batch and second batch can reach 0.8-0.9kg, is significantly improved relative to the output of the traditional handicraft in comparative example 1.From first time send out a bacterium start to gather complete to last batch of mushroom, embodiment 1-6 generally needs the time of about 6 months, the production cycle comparatively traditional handicraft shorten about 2 months, substantially increase production efficiency.
It should be noted, the present invention will be described instead of limit the invention for above-described embodiment, and those skilled in the art can design alternative embodiment when not departing from the scope of claims.In the claims, any reference symbol between bracket should be configured to limitations on claims.Word " comprises " not to be got rid of existence and does not arrange element in the claims or step.Word first, second and third-class use do not represent any order, can be title by these word explanations.
Claims (9)
1. a method for cultivating mushroom, comprises the steps:
A spice step: add water and stir in wood chip, makes wood chip moistening;
Sterilization steps: moistening wood chip is loaded blake bottle and carries out normal-pressure sterilization;
Inoculation step: after described blake bottle cooling, strain inoculation is entered described blake bottle;
Once send out bacterium step: postvaccinal blake bottle is placed in culturing room and cultivates, cover with blake bottle to mycelia, obtain initial incubation matrix;
Secondary spice step: the culture matrix in blake bottle poured out and adds wheat bran, stirring, obtaining culture matrix;
Secondary sends out bacterium step: described culture matrix loaded in culture bag, and culture bag is placed in culturing room and carries out sending out a bacterium.
2. cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein, in a described spice step, in described wood chip, the addition of water is 1-1.1 times of wood chip weight.
3. cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein, in a described spice step, described wood chip is weedtree wood chip.
4. cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein, in described sterilization steps, sterilizing 30-40 minute at 100-105 DEG C.
5. cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein, once send out in bacterium step described, cultivation temperature is 18-28 DEG C, and incubation time is 3-10 days.
6. cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein, in described secondary spice step, the addition of described wheat bran is the 18-22% of described culture matrix dry weight.
7. cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein, sends out in bacterium step at described secondary, is loaded in culture bag by described culture matrix in an aseptic environment.
8. the cultivation method according to any one of claim 1-7, wherein, comprises pulverising step further: before carrying out a spice step, pulverized by wood chip.
9. cultivation method according to claim 8, wherein, in described pulverising step, is broken to 3mm-3.5mm by wood dust.
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| CN201410658309.XA CN104429598A (en) | 2014-11-18 | 2014-11-18 | Cultivation method of mushrooms |
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| CN201410658309.XA CN104429598A (en) | 2014-11-18 | 2014-11-18 | Cultivation method of mushrooms |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109089734A (en) * | 2018-08-31 | 2018-12-28 | 成都市宁升绿康食品有限公司 | Seafood mushroom cultivation strain bag preparation process |
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