CN109566264A - A kind of cultural method and cultivation matrix of Se-rich xianggu - Google Patents
A kind of cultural method and cultivation matrix of Se-rich xianggu Download PDFInfo
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- CN109566264A CN109566264A CN201910049942.1A CN201910049942A CN109566264A CN 109566264 A CN109566264 A CN 109566264A CN 201910049942 A CN201910049942 A CN 201910049942A CN 109566264 A CN109566264 A CN 109566264A
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- mushroom
- content
- cultivation matrix
- selenium
- rich xianggu
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
Abstract
A kind of cultural method and cultivation matrix of Se-rich xianggu, cultivating champignon kind is seeded in cultivation matrix, adjusting bacterium germination temperature is 15~35 DEG C, 20~35 DEG C of fruiting temperature, relative air humidity is controlled, cultivates and obtains mushroom fruiting body, in the cultivation matrix, each component dry weight content are as follows: sawdust 25-50%, bagasse 15-40%, corncob 5-10%, coffee grounds 5-10%, cotton seed hulls 1-5%, wheat bran 10-25%, gypsum 0.5-3%, brown sugar 0.5-3%, zinc selenate 0.002-0.015%.The present invention optimizes mushroom cultivating in bag method by the additive type and content in regulation mushroom cultivation substrate, regulates and controls the content of selenium in fructification, and the Se-rich xianggu of acquisition has good prevention and body-building efficacy.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of edible fungi cultivation, and in particular to a kind of cultural method and cultivation base of Se-rich xianggu
Matter.
Background technique
Mushroom gives off a strong fragrance, full of nutrition, is to have rich in nutriments such as polysaccharide, albumen, electrolytes and minerals
Long cultivation history and deeply by one of favorite Precious Edible Fungi of the national people.Mushroom is the maximum kind of China's edible mushroom yield,
Domestic 2016 annual output of mushroom is 898.3 ten thousand tons, increases 17.17% than 2015.
Traditional Lentnus edodes mode mainly uses segment wood cultivated, but as forest tree resource is increasingly in short supply, China initiates bag
The production technology for expecting mushroom culture successively develops the new method with wheat stalk, hazelnut shell etc. for primary raw material mushroom culture,
It has been significantly expanded the use scope of raw material, has promoted the large-scale production of mushroom.
Selenium is trace mineral element needed by human, has different physiological roles.Selenium element provides nutrition for human body, and has
Have removing toxic substances and oxidation resistant function, be sustain life normal growth metabolism important element.Selenium can not be stored for a long time in human body,
It can not synthesize, selenium deficiency can cause malnutrition, Keshan disease, big osteopathy, hepatonecrosis, pancreas fibroatrophy, cataract in human body
Etc. a variety of diseases.Human body must constantly obtain selenium element from diet to be come for body needs.Selenium in human body have it is anti-oxidant, mention
High body immunity, removing toxic substances, maintain thyroid gland bring into normal play function, cancer-resisting, prevent the effects of Keshan disease and Kaschin-Beck disease.
The high edible medicinal value of mushroom and the importance of selemium nutrition are generally acknowledged that therefore, exploitation selenium strengthens mushroom fruiting body tool by the whole world
It is significant.
Using the cultivation technique of Se-rich xianggu, production contains essential amino acid (including selenomethionine), selenoprotein, selenium
The Se-rich xianggu fructification of the nutritional ingredients such as nucleic acid, selenium polysaccharide develops high yield, good Se-rich xianggu product to human health
It is of far-reaching significance.
Selenium mainly exists in the natural environment with inorganic form, and inorganic selenium cycling of elements can be organic by absorbing by plant
Selenium.The organic selenium in plant can also be used both using inorganic selenium element in mushroom, and therefore, the selenium-rich mode of mushroom is main
There are inorganic selenium element enrichment and selenium-rich raw material enrichment.
Shiitake mushroom hypha has stronger Selenium endurance and very strong selenium rich ability, and the safety standard of selenium amount is relatively narrow, rich
Se content in selenium mushroom Related product is also different, and the domestic standard being mutually connected with international and industry and management system are not yet
It is formed.
The foundation of Se-rich xianggu cultivation formula and cultural method has important meaning to the exploitation of China's Se-rich xianggu product
Justice, the study found that different selenium concentrations and selenium source, have different influences to the growth of mushroom, Se content is too high or too low, all can
It is suppressed the growth of mycelia, the speed of growth reduces, or even mycelia can be made almost to stop growing, and only slightly sprouts, when field planting
Between delay.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of cultural method of Se-rich xianggu and cultivation matrixes, by controlling cultivation matrix
Type and main composition, after the influence of different cultivation matrix mushroom fruiting body Se contents for having investigated cultivation, filter out suitable
For improving the cultural method and cultivation medium formula of mushroom fruiting body Se content.
In order to achieve the above object, technical solution provided by the invention is as follows:
A kind of cultural method of Se-rich xianggu, comprising the following steps:
1) it is inoculated with
Cultivating champignon kind is inoculated in the cultivation matrix of sterilizing, is cultivated；Wherein, in the cultivation matrix, respectively
Component and weight percent content are as follows: sawdust 25-50%, bagasse 15-40%, corncob 5-10%, coffee grounds 5-10%, cotton
Seed shell 1-5%, wheat bran 10-25%, gypsum 0.5-3%, brown sugar 0.5-3%, zinc selenate 0.002-0.015%；
2) bacterium germination
Controlling the growing temperatures in mushroom bacterium germination incubation is 15~35 DEG C, and relative air humidity is 68%~72%；
3) fruiting
Former base is formed after bacterium germination, growing temperatures are 20~35 DEG C, and relative air humidity is 70%~80%, after forming former base
Into the sporophore growth stage, sporophore growth phase temperature is 18~35 DEG C, and control relative air humidity is 60%~70%,
Cultivate 3.5-5 days acquisition mushroom fruiting bodies.
Further, in the mushroom fruiting body that step 3) obtains, the first damp mushroom Se content is more than 80.69 μ g/g, the second tide
Mushroom Se content is more than 78.74 μ g/g；Lentinacin (five thia cycloheptane of 1,2,3,5,6-) content is 178- in mushroom fruiting body
197 μ g/g, mushroom alcohol (1-OCOL) content are 66-71 μ g/g.
Preferably, in the cultivation matrix, each component and weight percent content are as follows: sawdust 39%, bagasse 21%,
Corncob 8%, coffee grounds 8%, cotton seed hulls 2%, wheat bran 18%, gypsum 2%, brown sugar 2%, zinc selenate 0.008%.
Further, the cultivation matrix the preparation method comprises the following steps: raw material is uniformly mixed, water is added and is sufficiently stirred, makes matrix
Water content be 45-65%%.
A kind of Se-rich xianggu cultivation matrix, each component and content are as follows: sawdust 25-50%, bagasse 15-40%, corn
Core 5-10%, coffee grounds 5-10%, cotton seed hulls 1-5%, wheat bran 10-25%, gypsum 0.5-3%, brown sugar 0.5-3%, zinc selenate
0.002-0.015%.
The present invention passes through the proportion and zinc selenate adding proportion for optimizing each raw material, under the premise of not influencing mushroom production,
Obtain the mushroom cultivation substrate formula and cultural method for being rich in Biological Selenium.
The possibility metabolic mechanism of the intracellular selenium of mushroom are as follows: mushroom mycelium is by active transport or assists diffusion way by Se2O3
Or Se2O4It is transported into the cell, H-Se-H is converted for inorganic selenium salt by redox, is further converted to half Guang of selenium
Propylhomoserin and selenomethionine；Selenocystein can replace cysteine to be mediated in insertion albumen by specific codons (UGA), constitute
Enzyme active center；Selenomethionine can replace methionine to penetrate into protein and constitute selenoprotein.Cultivation matrix of the invention with
Sawdust, bagasse, corncob, coffee grounds, cotton seed hulls etc. are primary raw material mushroom culture, are conducive to inorganic selenium in mushroom growth process
In be biologically converted into Biological Selenium.
It is compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
Cultivation matrix of the invention is conducive to inorganic selenium and forms selenoprotein, be conducive to perfume by the optimization of concentration cultivation matrix
The enrichment and holding of selenium in massee fruiting bodies obtain the mushroom fruiting body for being rich in selenium element, have been significantly expanded the use scope of raw material,
Agricultural by-products are recycled, are provided fundamental basis to instruct and optimizing mushroom cultivating in bag technology and effectively improve Se content.
For the present invention for the purpose of the mushroom fruiting body that selenium biological nutrition is strengthened, optimization obtains mushroom cultivating in bag formula, obtains
The the first damp mushroom Se content in mushroom fruiting body obtained, than the 2.76 μ g/g of Se content of traditional technology, mentions more than 80.69 μ g/g
It is 28.23 times high；Second damp mushroom Se content, than the 2.76 μ g/g of Se content of traditional technology, improves more than 78.74 μ g/g
28.23 times, reference is provided rationally to utilize and developing selenium biological nutrition reinforcing mushroom.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the growing state of 1 mushroom of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the growing state of mushroom in comparative example 1.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the invention will be further described.
With fragrant 215 experimental strains in mushroom kind Shen, unspecified part is all in accordance with standard GB/T/Z 26587-
Operating instruction as defined in 2011 (Lentnus edodes technical specifications) carries out, and implements mushroom mark in Biotechnology Co., Ltd. full of trees of Shanghai country
Standardization cultivation.
Embodiment 1
1. the cultivation of mushroom:
Cultivation matrix is respectively charged into 15cm × 55cm × 0.05cm polyethylene plastic bag, every bag of weight in wet base 2kg, Bag Material is normal
Pressure sterilizing, 100 DEG C of temperature, 20h or more.To bacteria stick central temperature being cooled to 28 DEG C or less inoculations after sterilizing, (kind is Shen
Perfume 215 comes from edible mushroom research institute, Shanghai City academy of agricultural sciences), in one layer of foil-type plastic bag of cultivating bag housing after inoculation, to prevent dirt
The bacterium bag for connecting kind is put into bacteria-producing room bacterium germination by dye.
The cultivation matrix is configured by raw material dry weight percentage: sawdust 39%, bagasse 21%, corncob 8%, coffee
Raw material is uniformly mixed by coffee slag 8%, cotton seed hulls 2%, wheat bran 18%, gypsum 2%, brown sugar 2%, zinc selenate 0.002%, is added
Water stirring, makes its water content 55%.
The cultivation matrix of comparative example 1 is configured by raw material dry weight percentage: sawdust 99%, gypsum 1%；Raw material is mixed
Uniformly, water stirring is added, makes its water content 45%.
10~20 days after inoculation, mycelia grows to 8~10 centimetres of progress first time acanthopore ventilations, each inoculation hole mycelia circle
2 centimetres of place 4 holes of thorn or so on the inside of side, 1 centimetre of hole depth；Second of acanthopore time, mycelia circle was connected at the inoculation hole back side again
When, 2 centimeters pierce 8 or so, 1 centimetre of hole depth on the inside of each inoculation hole mycelia circle side；The ventilation of third time acanthopore is 7 before de- bag
~10 days, 2 centimetres of hole depth, full pocket number 40~60.
For bacterium bag by culture in about 60 days, mycelia, which grows, tended to be mature, took off bag grand style.It will be on the outside of bacteria stick with knife
Cultivating bag cuts de- bag.Bacteria stick is arranged in cultivation layer frame after de- bag and carries out bacteria stick annesl, is kept for 18~22 DEG C of mushroom shed temperature,
Relative air humidity 70%~80% promotes bacteria stick annesl.
Bag is taken off after brown mycoderma is formed and keeps 15~20 DEG C of progress fruitings of mushroom shed temperature, generally day and night temperature is required to exist
10 DEG C or more fruitings can form the temperature difference by adjusting the film covering of greenhouse, and cultured mushroom age 120~150 days.
2. Selenium in Mushroom assay
After mushroom fruiting body is received, after putting 60 DEG C of baking oven drying, 100 meshes is smashed it through, 0.5-1.0g sample is accurately weighed
Product are added in 10mL nitration mixture (+20% perchloric acid of 80% concentrated nitric acid), and addition 5mL hydrochloric acid, ultrapure water are settled to 25mL after heat resolution,
Solution of potassium borohydride makees reducing agent, 5% hydrochloric acid solution is current-carrying, is contained using Hg-afs Determination selenium
Amount.
It using the cultivation matrix of the present embodiment, cultivates mushroom (referring to Fig. 1), harvests the first damp mushroom and the second damp mushroom, mushroom
Fructification Se content is respectively 80.69 μ g/g, 78.74 μ g/g；Se content in the mushroom fruiting body (Fig. 2) that comparative example 1 obtains
2.76μg/g。
Embodiment 2
In addition to cultivation matrix, cultivating champignon process and Determination of Selenium method are the same as embodiment 1.
Cultivation matrix in the present embodiment configures cultivation formula: sawdust 39%, bagasse by raw material dry weight percentage
21%, corncob 8%, coffee grounds 8%, cotton seed hulls 2%, wheat bran 18%, gypsum 2%, brown sugar 2%, zinc selenate 0.015%；It will
Raw material is uniformly mixed, and water stirring is added, makes its water content 55%.
Using the cultivation matrix of the present embodiment, mushroom is cultivated, the first damp mushroom is harvested and the second damp mushroom, mushroom fruiting body selenium contains
Amount is respectively 90.12 μ g/g, 88.43 μ g/g.
Embodiment 3
In addition to cultivation matrix, cultivating champignon process and Determination of Selenium method are the same as embodiment 1.
Cultivation matrix in the present embodiment is by raw material dry weight percentage configuration cultivation formula: sawdust 39%, bagasse 21%,
Corncob 8%, coffee grounds 8%, cotton seed hulls 2%, wheat bran 18%, gypsum 2%, brown sugar 2%, zinc selenate 0.008% mix raw material
It closes uniformly, water stirring is added, makes its water content 55%.
Using the cultivation matrix of the present embodiment, mushroom is cultivated, the first damp mushroom and the second damp mushroom mushroom fruiting body are harvested, through surveying
Fixed: Se content is respectively 89.76 μ g/g, 88.27 μ g/g in mushroom fruiting body.
The mushroom fruiting body that cultivation matrix of the invention is cultivated, albumen selenium component content are high.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of cultural method of Se-rich xianggu, comprising the following steps:
1) it is inoculated with
Cultivating champignon kind is inoculated in the cultivation matrix of sterilizing, is cultivated；Wherein, in the cultivation matrix, each component
Dry weight content are as follows: sawdust 25-50%, bagasse 15-40%, corncob 5-10%, coffee grounds 5-10%, cotton seed hulls 1-5%, bran
Skin 10-25%, gypsum 0.5-3%, brown sugar 0.5-3%, zinc selenate 0.002-0.015%；
2) bacterium germination
Controlling the growing temperatures in mushroom bacterium germination incubation is 15~35 DEG C, and relative air humidity is 68%~72%；
3) fruiting
Former base is formed after bacterium germination, growing temperatures are 20~35 DEG C, and relative air humidity is 70%~80%, are entered after forming former base
Sporophore growth stage, sporophore growth phase temperature are 18~35 DEG C, and control relative air humidity is 60%~70%, culture
3.5-5 it obtains mushroom fruiting body.
2. the cultural method of Se-rich xianggu according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the mushroom fruiting body of acquisition, first
Damp mushroom Se content is more than 80.69 μ g/g, and the second damp mushroom Se content is more than 78.74 μ g/g.
3. the cultural method of Se-rich xianggu according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the cultivation matrix, each component and
Content are as follows: sawdust 39%, bagasse 21%, corncob 8%, coffee grounds 8%, cotton seed hulls 2%, wheat bran 18%, gypsum 2%, red
Sugar 2%, zinc selenate 0.008%.
4. the cultural method of Se-rich xianggu according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the preparation method of the cultivation matrix
Are as follows: raw material is uniformly mixed, water is added and is sufficiently stirred, makes the water content 45-65% of matrix.
5. a kind of Se-rich xianggu cultivation matrix, each component and content are as follows: sawdust 25-50%, bagasse 15-40%, corncob
5-10%, coffee grounds 5-10%, cotton seed hulls 1-5%, wheat bran 10-25%, gypsum 0.5-3%, brown sugar 0.5-3%, zinc selenate
0.002-0.015%.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111527990A (en) * | 2020-04-14 | 2020-08-14 | 江西省蚕桑茶叶研究所(江西省经济作物研究所) | Mushroom substitute cultivation medium and preparation method thereof |
| CN115250830A (en) * | 2022-06-15 | 2022-11-01 | 贵州师范学院 | Selenium-rich shiitake mushroom nutrient solution and cultivation method |
| CN115413531A (en) * | 2022-10-09 | 2022-12-02 | 福建万辰生物科技股份有限公司 | Culture material for culturing needle mushrooms and needle mushroom culturing method |
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| CN111527990A (en) * | 2020-04-14 | 2020-08-14 | 江西省蚕桑茶叶研究所(江西省经济作物研究所) | Mushroom substitute cultivation medium and preparation method thereof |
| CN111527990B (en) * | 2020-04-14 | 2022-04-15 | 江西省蚕桑茶叶研究所(江西省经济作物研究所) | Mushroom substitute cultivation medium and preparation method thereof |
| CN115250830A (en) * | 2022-06-15 | 2022-11-01 | 贵州师范学院 | Selenium-rich shiitake mushroom nutrient solution and cultivation method |
| CN115413531A (en) * | 2022-10-09 | 2022-12-02 | 福建万辰生物科技股份有限公司 | Culture material for culturing needle mushrooms and needle mushroom culturing method |
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