CN113179856A - Mushroom culture medium and mushroom cultivation method thereof - Google Patents
Mushroom culture medium and mushroom cultivation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113179856A CN113179856A CN202110491814.XA CN202110491814A CN113179856A CN 113179856 A CN113179856 A CN 113179856A CN 202110491814 A CN202110491814 A CN 202110491814A CN 113179856 A CN113179856 A CN 113179856A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of edible mushroom cultivation, in particular to a mushroom culture medium and a mushroom cultivation method thereof; the mushroom culture medium is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 43.6-58.5 parts of sawdust, 2.5-8.5 parts of gypsum, 4.8-9.2 parts of soybean meal, 8-10 parts of porous filler, 3.8-6.0 parts of fermented rice bran, 4.3-7.5 parts of corn flour, 5.5-10 parts of potatoes, 3.8-5.6 parts of coconut husk, 0.8-1.5 parts of calcium superphosphate and 4.2-5.5 parts of rice chaff ash; the mushroom culture substrate provided by the invention can effectively promote the growth of hyphae and increase the weight of dry matters, and meanwhile, rare earth can promote the formation of fruiting bodies and improve the yield of the fruiting bodies; in addition, the cultivated mushroom has the characteristics of compact meat quality, large and thick mushroom, and high grade, and the quality and the yield of the mushroom are effectively improved; the citric acid and the tartaric acid in the mixed solution are mutually cooperated and matched, so that the effects of inducing bud and increasing yield can be achieved, the planting efficiency of the mushrooms is improved, and the yield of the mushrooms is also improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of edible mushroom cultivation, in particular to a mushroom culture medium and a mushroom cultivation method thereof.
Background
Edible fungi are large fungi which can be eaten by human beings. The edible fungus is edible mushroom; the mushroom is a large fungus which can form large fleshy (or colloid) fruiting bodies or sclerotium tissues and can be eaten or used by people. The edible fungi grow on the place rich in organic matters by using white or light-colored mycelium of the edible fungi. When the conditions are proper, fruiting bodies are formed, and the food becomes a good favorite product for human beings.
The Lentinus edodes is also called Lentinus edodes, Pleurotus ostreatus, Agaricus campestris, Pleurotus ostreatus, Lentinus edodes, and is an edible fungus. The edible part is the fruiting body of the mushroom, and the dried mushroom is obtained by dehydrating the fresh mushroom, so that the mushroom is convenient to transport and store and is an important south-north commodity. The dried and fresh shiitake mushrooms are widely used in Chinese dishes. When cooking, the dried shiitake is soaked in water for foaming. Among three vegetarian delicacies, shiitake mushroom often appears as one of the delicacies.
The mushroom not only has fungus food with high protein, low fat, polysaccharide, various amino acids and various vitamins, but also can improve the body immunity. Therefore, the food becomes a favorite food for people.
The culture medium used in the prior mushroom cultivation can play a certain role in promoting the cultivation and growth of the mushroom. But the cultivated mushrooms are relatively low in planting efficiency and yield. And the quality and grade of the shiitake mushrooms are also to be improved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides the mushroom culture medium and the mushroom cultivation method thereof, the provided mushroom culture medium can not only effectively promote the growth of hypha and increase the weight of dry substances, but also promote the formation of fruiting bodies by rare earth and improve the yield; in addition, the cultivated mushroom has the characteristics of compact meat quality, large and thick mushroom and high grade, and the quality and the yield of the mushroom are effectively improved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the mushroom culture medium is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 43.6-58.5 parts of sawdust, 2.5-8.5 parts of gypsum, 4.8-9.2 parts of soybean meal, 8-10 parts of porous filler, 3.8-6.0 parts of fermented rice bran, 4.3-7.5 parts of corn flour, 5.5-10 parts of potatoes, 3.8-5.6 parts of coconut husk, 0.8-1.5 parts of calcium superphosphate and 4.2-5.5 parts of rice chaff ash.
Still further, the preparation method of the porous filler comprises the following steps:
according to the weight ratio of 0.08-0.012: 1.5-2.5: 0.5-0.8, weighing proper amount of cerium-rich rare earth with 40-50% of cerium, maple sawdust and rice chaff ash, respectively drying, and processing into micropowder with particle size less than or equal to 60 μm by superfine grinding process; and then, carrying out spray granulation on the obtained raw material micro powder and an adhesive solution with the mass of 0.8-2.8% of the total mass of the raw material micro powder through a fluidized bed, and finally, screening to obtain a porous filler finished product with the particle size of 80-100 meshes.
Further, the preparation method of the adhesive solution comprises the following steps: dissolving a proper amount of solute in water, stirring and mixing uniformly, and preparing into a solution with the concentration of 3-12 w/v%.
Further, the solute is any one of edible gelatin, carboxymethyl cellulose, dextrin and acacia gum.
Further, the preparation method of the fermented rice bran comprises the following steps:
adding 0.8-1.2 kg of fermented mixed strain into each cubic meter of bran, uniformly stirring, and composting, fermenting and decomposing at the temperature of 40-60 ℃ in an environment with the water content of 45-60%; after keeping for one week, turning and fermenting for one week at the original temperature; repeating the operation for 2-3 times, and performing steam sterilization on the obtained fermented material at the temperature of 100 ℃ for 3-6 hours; and finally, drying in the air to obtain a finished product of the fermented rice bran.
Furthermore, the mixed strain is prepared by mixing actinomycete strain, mould strain and the like in quality.
A shiitake mushroom cultivation method comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing the raw materials of the components according to the formula, and crushing the solid raw materials into particles with the particle size of 0.3-0.7 cm; after sieving, mixing the raw materials with a proper amount of magnetized water according to the standard of 2 kg/to-be-treated, and then filling the mixture into an edible fungus bag; wherein the mass ratio of the total mass of the raw materials to the magnetized water is 1: 1.2 to 1.4;
s2, soaking the bagged mushroom sticks in the mixed solution for 20-25 hours, sterilizing the mushroom sticks, taking the mushroom sticks out of the pot when the mushroom sticks are hot, dividing mushroom strains into mushroom blocks with proper sizes under an aseptic condition when the temperature of the mushroom sticks is reduced to be less than or equal to 30 ℃, and then quickly inoculating the mushroom blocks; stacking the inoculated fungus cylinders to the ground;
s3, after two weeks of first inoculation, pricking four 3-5 micro shallow holes with the diameter of 1.0-1.5 mm around the tail end where the hypha of the culture bag spreads, ventilating the pricking holes for 6-8 days, and then pricking the holes for two times in batches under the condition that the temperature is lower than 26 ℃, wherein the hole depth is 0.8-1.2 cm;
s4, artificially creating a temperature difference to promote bacteria, tightly covering mushroom wood with a thin film in the daytime, and increasing the temperature of a mushroom bed to 20-25 ℃; when the temperature is lowest at night and the film is lifted, the temperature difference between the mushroom bed temperature and the outside is less than or equal to 8 ℃, and the operation is repeated for three days to form mushroom buds; and (5) fruiting after cultivation for 70-120 days.
Furthermore, in the step S2, the solute in the mixed solution is tartaric acid and citric acid, and the concentration of citric acid in the mixed solution is 28-35 mg/kg and the concentration of tartaric acid is 20-25 mg/kg.
Furthermore, in step S2, the place where the fungus cylinders are stacked is kept ventilated, dried and clean; and the relative humidity of the air is more than or equal to 70 percent.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the invention, rare earth, maple sawdust, rice chaff ash and an adhesive are used as raw materials for preparing the porous filler, and the porous filler is finally prepared through fluidized bed spray granulation. The porous structure of the filler enables the filler to have good air permeability, which provides favorable conditions for the growth and cultivation of the mushrooms. Because the porous filler contains rare earth, maple sawdust and other substances; the maple wood chips are compact in structure and high in lignin content, so that the mushroom mycelia grow relatively slowly, accumulation of nutrients in the mycelia is facilitated, the cultivated mushrooms are compact in meat quality, large in size, thick in meat and high in grade. Moreover, the use of rare earth can promote the growth of hypha and increase the weight of dry matter, and meanwhile, the rare earth can also promote the formation of sporocarp and improve the yield of the sporocarp.
2. According to the invention, the rice bran is subjected to microbial fermentation treatment, so that macromolecular substances in the rice bran are effectively decomposed into micromolecular nutrient substances which are easier to absorb and utilize by mushroom strains, and the rice bran is favorable for the sound growth of mushrooms. In addition, the raw materials are mixed by magnetized water, so that the mushroom hyphae are white and thick, and the quality and the yield of the mushrooms are effectively improved. The mushroom sticks are soaked in the mixed liquid, and the citric acid and the tartaric acid in the mixed liquid are matched with each other in a synergistic manner, so that a good bud-forcing and yield-increasing effect can be achieved, the planting efficiency of the mushrooms is improved, and the yield of the mushrooms is increased.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
the mushroom culture medium is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 43.6 parts of wood chips, 2.5 parts of gypsum, 4.8 parts of bean pulp, 8 parts of porous filler, 3.8 parts of fermented rice bran, 4.3 parts of corn flour, 5.5 parts of potatoes, 3.8 parts of coconut husk, 0.8 part of calcium superphosphate and 4.2 parts of rice chaff.
The preparation method of the porous filler comprises the following steps:
according to the weight ratio of 0.08: 1.5: 0.5 weight ratio, weighing proper amount of cerium-rich rare earth with cerium content of 40%, maple sawdust and rice chaff ash, drying the cerium-rich rare earth, the maple sawdust and the rice chaff ash respectively, and processing the dried cerium-rich rare earth, the maple sawdust and the rice chaff ash into micro powder with particle size of 60 mu m by an ultra-micro grinding process; then, the obtained raw material micro powder and a binder solution with the mass of 0.8 percent of the total mass of the raw material micro powder are subjected to spray granulation by a fluidized bed, and finally, a porous filler finished product with the particle size of 80 meshes is obtained after screening treatment.
The preparation method of the adhesive solution comprises the following steps: dissolving a proper amount of edible gelatin in water, stirring and mixing uniformly to prepare a solution with the concentration of 3 w/v%.
The preparation method of the fermented rice bran comprises the following steps:
adding 0.8kg of fermented mixed strain prepared by mixing actinomycetes and mould strains in equal mass into each cubic meter of bran, uniformly stirring, and composting, fermenting and decomposing at 40 ℃ in an environment with water content of 45%; after keeping for one week, turning and fermenting for one week at the original temperature; repeating the above operation for 2 times, and steam sterilizing the obtained fermented material at 100 deg.C for 3 hr; and finally, drying in the air to obtain a finished product of the fermented rice bran.
The mixed strain is prepared by mixing actinomycete strain and mould strain in certain weight proportion.
A shiitake mushroom cultivation method comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing the raw materials of the components according to the formula, and crushing the solid raw materials into particles with the particle size of 0.3 cm; after sieving, mixing the raw materials with a proper amount of magnetized water according to the standard of 2 kg/to-be-treated, and then filling the mixture into an edible fungus bag; wherein the mass ratio of the total mass of the raw materials to the magnetized water is 1: 1.2;
s2, soaking the bagged mushroom sticks with the mixed solution for 20 hours, sterilizing the mushroom sticks, taking the mushroom sticks out of the pot when the mushroom sticks are hot, dividing mushroom strains into mushroom blocks with proper sizes under an aseptic condition when the temperature of the mushroom sticks is reduced to 30 ℃, and then quickly inoculating the mushroom blocks; stacking the inoculated fungus cylinders to the ground;
s3, after inoculating for two weeks for the first time, pricking four 3 micro shallow holes with the diameter of 1.0mm on the periphery of the tail end where the hypha of the culture bag spreads, ventilating the pricking holes for 6 days, and pricking holes for the second time in batches under the condition that the temperature is lower than 26 ℃, wherein the hole depth is 0.8 cm;
s4, creating a temperature difference by adopting a manual method to promote bacteria, tightly covering mushroom wood with a thin film in the daytime, and increasing the temperature of a mushroom bed to 20 ℃; when the temperature is lowest at night and the film is lifted, the temperature difference between the mushroom bed and the outside is 8 ℃, and the operation is repeated for three days to form mushroom buds; and fruiting after 70 days of cultivation.
In step S2, the solute in the mixed solution is tartaric acid and citric acid, and the concentration of citric acid in the mixed solution is 28mg/kg and the concentration of tartaric acid is 20 mg/kg.
In step S2, the place where the fungus cylinders are stacked is kept ventilated, dried and cleaned; and the relative humidity of the air is 70%.
Example 2:
the same as example 1 except that: the mushroom culture medium is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of sawdust, 6 parts of gypsum, 7.8 parts of bean pulp, 9 parts of porous filler, 4.8 parts of fermented rice bran, 5.5 parts of corn flour, 8.0 parts of potatoes, 4.5 parts of coconut husk, 1.2 parts of calcium superphosphate and 4.8 parts of rice chaff ash;
in step S2, the solute in the mixed solution is tartaric acid and citric acid, and the concentration of citric acid in the mixed solution is 32mg/kg and the concentration of tartaric acid is 23 mg/kg.
Example 3:
the same as example 1 except that: the mushroom culture medium is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 58.5 parts of wood chips, 8.5 parts of gypsum, 9.2 parts of bean pulp, 10 parts of porous filler, 6.0 parts of fermented rice bran, 7.5 parts of corn flour, 10 parts of potatoes, 5.6 parts of coconut husk, 1.5 parts of calcium superphosphate and 5.5 parts of rice chaff ash;
in step S2, the solute in the mixed solution is tartaric acid and citric acid, and the concentration of citric acid in the mixed solution is 35mg/kg and the concentration of tartaric acid is 25 mg/kg.
Comparative example 1:
substantially the same as in example 1 except that vermiculite was used in place of the porous filler;
comparative example 2:
substantially the same as in example 1 except that common rice bran was used in place of fermented rice bran;
comparative example 3:
basically the same as the embodiment 1, except that the raw materials are mixed by common water in the process of cultivating the mushroom;
comparative example 4:
the method is basically the same as the embodiment 1, except that the mushroom sticks are not soaked by the mixed solution in the mushroom cultivation process;
and (3) detecting the cultivation quality of the mushrooms:
the growth conditions of the mushrooms cultivated in the inventive examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-4 were respectively detected, and the obtained data are recorded in tables 1 and 2;
TABLE 1
As is clear from the data in Table 1, the shiitake mushrooms cultivated in example 2 were the best in quality, and the growth rate and growth quality of the mycelia were also significantly superior to those of the other examples and comparative examples. Moreover, by comparing and analyzing data of different groups, the invention can be obtained that the mushroom hyphae are white and strong after the raw materials are mixed by using the magnetized water, thereby effectively improving the quality and the yield of the mushroom. The use of the porous filler and the fermented rice bran also has a positive influence on the growth of the mushroom hyphae. Effectively ensuring the quality of the mushroom.
TABLE 2
As can be seen from analysis and comparison of the relevant data in Table 2, the mushrooms cultivated by using the porous filler prepared by the invention have not only good mushroom shapes but also good mouthfeel. This demonstrates that maple chips have a positive effect on the growth of mushrooms and their meat quality. The raw materials were mixed with fermented rice bran and magnetized water, and the mushroom sticks were soaked in the mixed solution. Plays a positive role in the growth of the shiitake mushrooms. Not only ensures the quality of the cultivated mushroom, but also improves the yield of the mushroom.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The mushroom culture medium is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 43.6-58.5 parts of sawdust, 2.5-8.5 parts of gypsum, 4.8-9.2 parts of soybean meal, 8-10 parts of porous filler, 3.8-6.0 parts of fermented rice bran, 4.3-7.5 parts of corn flour, 5.5-10 parts of potatoes, 3.8-5.6 parts of coconut husk, 0.8-1.5 parts of calcium superphosphate and 4.2-5.5 parts of rice chaff ash.
2. The mushroom culture medium according to claim 1, wherein the porous filler is prepared by a method comprising:
according to the weight ratio of 0.08-0.012: 1.5-2.5: 0.5-0.8, weighing proper amount of cerium-rich rare earth with 40-50% of cerium, maple sawdust and rice chaff ash, respectively drying, and processing into micropowder with particle size less than or equal to 60 μm by superfine grinding process; and then, carrying out spray granulation on the obtained raw material micro powder and an adhesive solution with the mass of 0.8-2.8% of the total mass of the raw material micro powder through a fluidized bed, and finally, screening to obtain a porous filler finished product with the particle size of 80-100 meshes.
3. The mushroom culture medium according to claim 2, wherein: the preparation method of the adhesive solution comprises the following steps: dissolving a proper amount of solute in water, stirring and mixing uniformly, and preparing into a solution with the concentration of 3-12 w/v%.
4. The mushroom culture medium according to claim 3, wherein: the solute is any one of edible gelatin, carboxymethyl cellulose, dextrin and Arabic gum.
5. A shiitake mushroom culture medium according to claim 1, wherein; the preparation method of the fermented rice bran comprises the following steps:
adding 0.8-1.2 kg of fermented mixed strain into each cubic meter of bran, uniformly stirring, and composting, fermenting and decomposing at the temperature of 40-60 ℃ in an environment with the water content of 45-60%; after keeping for one week, turning and fermenting for one week at the original temperature; repeating the operation for 2-3 times, and performing steam sterilization on the obtained fermented material at the temperature of 100 ℃ for 3-6 hours; and finally, drying in the air to obtain a finished product of the fermented rice bran.
6. The mushroom culture medium according to claim 5, wherein: the mixed strain is prepared by mixing actinomycete strains, mould strains and the like in quality.
7. The shiitake mushroom cultivation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, weighing the raw materials of the components according to the formula, and crushing the solid raw materials into particles with the particle size of 0.3-0.7 cm; after sieving, mixing the raw materials with a proper amount of magnetized water according to the standard of 2 kg/to-be-treated, and then filling the mixture into an edible fungus bag; wherein the mass ratio of the total mass of the raw materials to the magnetized water is 1: 1.2 to 1.4;
s2, soaking the bagged mushroom sticks in the mixed solution for 20-25 hours, sterilizing the mushroom sticks, taking the mushroom sticks out of the pot when the mushroom sticks are hot, dividing mushroom strains into mushroom blocks with proper sizes under an aseptic condition when the temperature of the mushroom sticks is reduced to be less than or equal to 30 ℃, and then quickly inoculating the mushroom blocks; stacking the inoculated fungus cylinders to the ground;
s3, after two weeks of first inoculation, pricking four 3-5 micro shallow holes with the diameter of 1.0-1.5 mm around the tail end where the hypha of the culture bag spreads, ventilating the pricking holes for 6-8 days, and then pricking the holes for two times in batches under the condition that the temperature is lower than 26 ℃, wherein the hole depth is 0.8-1.2 cm;
s4, artificially creating a temperature difference to promote bacteria, tightly covering mushroom wood with a thin film in the daytime, and increasing the temperature of a mushroom bed to 20-25 ℃; when the temperature is lowest at night and the film is lifted, the temperature difference between the mushroom bed temperature and the outside is less than or equal to 8 ℃, and the operation is repeated for three days to form mushroom buds; and (5) fruiting after cultivation for 70-120 days.
8. The cultivation method of shiitake mushrooms according to claim 7, wherein: in the step S2, the solute in the mixed solution is tartaric acid and citric acid, and the concentration of the citric acid in the mixed solution is 28-35 mg/kg, and the concentration of the tartaric acid is 20-25 mg/kg.
9. The cultivation method of shiitake mushrooms according to claim 7, wherein: in the step S2, the place where the fungus cylinders are stacked is kept ventilated, dried and cleaned; and the relative humidity of the air is more than or equal to 70 percent.
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