CN114711087B - Method for cultivating edible fungi by using crop straw and application - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating edible fungi by using crop straws, which belongs to the field of edible fungi cultivation methods and specifically comprises the following steps of preparing a culture material, spraying a growth promoter solution, bagging, inoculating, growing and fruiting management. The invention promotes the growth of mushroom hypha by spraying the growth promoter solution, shortens the hypha growth period, improves the fruiting yield of the mushroom, and reduces the strain pollution rate by adding oyster mushroom residues in the culture material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of edible fungus cultivation methods, in particular to a method for cultivating edible fungi by using crop straws and application thereof.
Background
Edible fungi are large fungi which can be eaten by human beings. In particular to edible mushrooms which can be eaten; the fungus is a kind of large fungus capable of forming large meat (or colloid) fruiting body or sclerotium tissue and being used for people to eat or use for medicine. The fungi which have been described in the world can reach more than 12 tens of thousands of species, can form more than 6000 species of large-scale fruiting bodies or sclerotium tissues, can be eaten for more than 2000 species, and can only reach 40-50 species for large-area artificial cultivation. Edible mushrooms are classified as belonging to the phylum fungi between fungi, most belonging to the phylum basidiomycotina (e.g. oyster mushrooms, lentinus edodes), and a few belonging to the phylum ascomytina (e.g. morchella). The Chinese edible fungi are quite abundant in resources, and according to the statistics of Mao and Lan (1988), about 657 Chinese known edible fungi belong to 41 families and 132 genera, wherein 620 basidiomycetes account for 94.4 percent, and 39 ascomycetes account for 5.6 percent. The edible fungi in China are counted to 938 in 2000, and more than 50 are artificially cultivated.
Lentinus Edodes are also called flower mushroom, lentinus Edodes, fructus Citri Sarcodactylis, lentinus Edodes, and Lentinus Edodes of Umbelliferae. The Chinese cultivated mushroom has about 800 years history, and is the earliest country in the world for cultivating mushrooms. The Lentinus Edodes are divided into umbrella, fungus ring, and fungus fold from top to bottom. A basidiomycete is formed on top of the fungus folds, each basidiomycete forming 4 spores. The lentinus edodes has the advantages of rich and tender meat, delicious taste, unique aroma and rich nutrition, is food with homology of food and medicine, and has high nutritional, medicinal and health care values.
The current mushroom cultivation method finds that the mycelium growth period is long, the yield is low in about 40-50 days, and the yield of each bag of mushroom bag is 1.5-2 jin.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a method for cultivating edible mushrooms by using crop straws and application thereof, which promote the growth of mushroom hyphae by spraying a growth promoter solution, shorten the hyphae growth period, improve the fruiting yield of the mushrooms and reduce the strain pollution rate by adding oyster mushroom residues in a culture material.
The invention provides a method for cultivating edible fungi by using crop straws, which comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a culture material: weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100-120 parts of cotton straw, 80-100 parts of corn straw, 6-10 parts of apple sawdust, 3-5 parts of walnut shells, 1-3 parts of bergamot pears, 1-3 parts of red dates and 20-22 parts of oyster mushroom residues;
respectively crushing cotton straw and corn straw, mixing with apple sawdust with the size of 4-6mm to obtain a base material, respectively crushing bergamot pear, red date and walnut shell, mixing to obtain a nutrient material, mixing the base material, the nutrient material and oyster mushroom residues, adding lime with the mass fraction of 1-2%, and uniformly mixing to obtain a culture material;
s2, adding water into the culture material prepared in the step S1 to regulate the water content to 55-60%, regulating the pH to 7-8, bagging the culture material, subpackaging 4-6kg of the culture material per bag during bagging, and uniformly spraying 20-40mL of growth promoter solution per bag;
the growth promoter solution is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass:
30-40% of eupatorium adenophorum leaf extract, 0.1-0.2% of citric acid, 0.1-0.2% of boric acid and the balance of sterile water;
the Eupatorium adenophorum leaves extract is prepared by steaming Eupatorium adenophorum leaves in boiling water for 1 hr, filtering to obtain filtrate, and concentrating the filtrate to density of 1.10-1.20;
s3, placing the fungus bag in a 121 ℃ condition for autoclaving for 2-4 hours to obtain a sterile fungus bag;
s4, inoculating edible fungus strains in a sterile environment after the sterile bag in the S3 is cooled to room temperature, and growing the strains in the environment with the humidity of 85-95% and the temperature of 24-26 ℃;
s5, fruiting management is carried out after hyphae grow up the fungus bags, the temperature is controlled to be 24-26 ℃, the relative air humidity is 80-90%, and diffuse light and ventilation are provided.
Further, in S1, the cotton stalk, the corn stalk and the apple sawdust are crushed to a particle size of 7-9 mm.
Further, in S2, the mixed culture material is grasped by one hand, the finger joints do not see water, and the palm material is stretched to form clusters.
Further, in S2, the bagging material was a polyethylene plastic bag of 55 cm. Times.15 cm.
Further, in S4, the edible fungus strain is a lentinus edodes strain.
Further, S3, the growth promoter solution is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass:
30% of eupatorium adenophorum leaf extract, 0.1% of citric acid, 0.1% of boric acid and the balance of sterile water.
Further, in S5, the illumination intensity of the diffused light is 40-7-lx.
The invention also provides application of the growth promoter solution in cultivating edible fungi.
Further, the growth promoter solution is used for promoting the growth of edible fungus hyphae.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the oyster mushroom residue used in the invention contains a large amount of mushroom ribonic acid, and the mushroom ribonic acid can effectively inhibit the synthesis and propagation of bacteria and the like and can prevent the production of mixed bacteria of the culture medium;
2. the growth promoter solution can promote the growth of the mycelium of the lentinus edodes and effectively improve the yield of the lentinus edodes, wherein the eupatorium adenophorum leaf extract can promote the growth of the mycelium, shorten the growth period of the mycelium, and the citric acid and the boric acid can improve the promotion effect of the eupatorium adenophorum leaf extract on the growth of the mycelium, thereby playing a synergistic effect;
3. the method for cultivating the edible mushrooms by using the crop straws has simple steps, and the growth of the mushroom hyphae is promoted by spraying the growth promoter solution, so that the hyphae growth period is shortened, and the fruiting yield of the mushrooms is improved.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of specific embodiments of the invention is, but it should be understood that the invention is not limited to specific embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention. The experimental methods described in the examples of the present invention are conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
Example 1:
a method for cultivating edible fungi by using crop straws comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a culture material: weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of cotton straw, 80 parts of corn straw, 6 parts of apple sawdust, 3 parts of walnut shell, 1 part of bergamot pear, 1 part of red date and 20 parts of oyster mushroom residue;
respectively crushing cotton straw and corn straw into particles with the size of 7-9mm, mixing with apple sawdust with the size of 4-6mm to obtain a base material, respectively crushing bergamot pear, red date and walnut shell, mixing to obtain nutrient materials, mixing the base material, the nutrient materials and the oyster mushroom residues, adding lime with the mass fraction of 1%, and uniformly mixing to obtain the culture materials;
s2, adding water into the culture material prepared in the step S1 to regulate the water content to 55%, grasping the mixed culture material, holding the mixed culture material by hand, stretching the palm material to form clusters without water at the joints, and regulating the pH to 7;
bagging the culture materials, wherein each bag is respectively filled with 4kg of the culture materials, and 20mL of the growth promoter solution is uniformly sprayed on each bag;
the growth promoter solution is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass:
30% of eupatorium adenophorum leaf extract, 0.1% of citric acid, 0.1% of boric acid and the balance of sterile water;
the Eupatorium adenophorum leaves extract is prepared by steaming Eupatorium adenophorum leaves in boiling water for 1 hr, filtering to obtain filtrate, and concentrating the filtrate to density of 1.10;
s3, bagging the culture material obtained in the step S2 by using a polyethylene plastic bag with the length of 55cm multiplied by 15cm, and then placing the bag at the temperature of 121 ℃ for autoclaving for 2 hours to obtain a sterile bag;
s4, inoculating mushroom strains in a sterile environment after the sterile bag in the S3 is cooled to room temperature, and growing bacteria in the environment with the humidity of 85% and the temperature of 24 ℃;
s5, fruiting management is carried out after hyphae grow up the fungus bags, the temperature is controlled to be 24 ℃, the relative humidity of air is 80%, scattered light is provided, and ventilation is carried out.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a method for cultivating edible fungi by using crop straws, which comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a culture material: weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 110 parts of cotton straw, 90 parts of corn straw, 8 parts of apple sawdust, 4 parts of walnut shell, 2 parts of bergamot pear, 2 parts of red date and 21 parts of oyster mushroom residue;
mixing cotton straw, corn straw and apple sawdust with the size of 4-6mm after respectively crushing the cotton straw and corn straw into particles with the size of 7-9mm to obtain a base material, respectively crushing bergamot pear, red date and walnut shell to obtain a nutrient material, mixing the base material, the nutrient material and oyster mushroom residues, and adding lime with the mass fraction of 1.5%, and uniformly mixing to obtain the culture material;
s2, adding water into the culture material prepared in the step S1 to regulate the water content to 58%, grasping the mixed culture material, holding the mixed culture material by hand, stretching the palm material to form clusters without water at the joints, and regulating the pH to 7.5;
bagging the culture materials, wherein each bag is respectively filled with 5kg of the culture materials, and 30mL of growth promoter solution is uniformly sprayed on each bag;
the growth promoter solution is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass:
35% of eupatorium adenophorum leaf extract, 0.15% of citric acid, 0.15% of boric acid and the balance of sterile water;
the Eupatorium adenophorum leaves extract is prepared by steaming Eupatorium adenophorum leaves in boiling water for 1 hr, filtering to obtain filtrate, and concentrating the filtrate to density of 1.15;
s3, bagging the culture material obtained in the step S2 by using a polyethylene plastic bag with the length of 55cm multiplied by 15cm, and then autoclaving at the temperature of 121 ℃ for 3 hours to obtain a sterile bag;
s4, inoculating mushroom strains in a sterile environment after the sterile bag in the S3 is cooled to room temperature, and growing bacteria in the environment with the humidity of 90% and the temperature of 25 ℃;
s5, fruiting management is carried out after hyphae grow up the fungus bags, the temperature is controlled to be 25 ℃, the relative air humidity is 85%, scattered light is provided, and ventilation is carried out.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a method for cultivating edible fungi by using crop straws, which comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a culture material: weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 120 parts of cotton straw, 100 parts of corn straw, 10 parts of apple sawdust, 5 parts of walnut shell, 3 parts of bergamot pear, 3 parts of red date and 22 parts of oyster mushroom residue;
respectively crushing cotton straw and corn straw into particles with the size of 7-9mm, mixing with apple sawdust with the size of 4-6mm to obtain a base material, respectively crushing bergamot pear, red date and walnut shell, mixing to obtain nutrient materials, mixing the base material, the nutrient materials and the oyster mushroom residues, adding lime with the mass fraction of 2%, and uniformly mixing to obtain the culture materials;
s2, adding water into the culture material prepared in the step S1 to regulate the water content to 60%, grasping the mixed culture material, holding the mixed culture material by hand, stretching the palm material to form clusters without water at the joints, and regulating the pH to 8;
then bagging the culture materials, and subpackaging 6kg of the culture materials for each bag, and uniformly spraying 40mL of growth promoter solution for each bag when bagging;
the growth promoter solution is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass:
40% of eupatorium adenophorum leaf extract, 0.2% of citric acid, 0.2% of boric acid and the balance of sterile water;
the Eupatorium adenophorum leaves extract is prepared by steaming Eupatorium adenophorum leaves in boiling water for 1 hr, filtering to obtain filtrate, and concentrating the filtrate to density of 1.20;
s3, bagging the culture material obtained in the step S2 by using a polyethylene plastic bag with the length of 55cm multiplied by 15cm, and then autoclaving at the temperature of 121 ℃ for 3 hours to obtain a sterile bag;
s4, inoculating mushroom strains in a sterile environment after the sterile bag in the S3 is cooled to room temperature, and growing bacteria in the environment with the humidity of 95% and the temperature of 26 ℃;
s5, fruiting management is carried out after hyphae grow up the fungus bags, the temperature is controlled to be 26 ℃, the relative air humidity is 90%, scattered light is provided, and ventilation is carried out.
The nutrient components of the fresh mushrooms cultivated in examples 1 to 3 of the present invention were measured and recorded in Table 1.
The method for measuring the nutritional ingredients of the harvested mushrooms by crushing after drying comprises the following steps: protein is measured by GB/T5009.5-2010; fat was determined using GB/T5009.6-2003; the crude fiber is measured by GB/T5009.10-2003; phosphorus was measured using GB 5009.87-2016; each treatment was measured 3 times and averaged.
TABLE 1 nutritional ingredients of Lentinus Edodes obtained by the present invention
| Nutritional ingredients | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 |
| Protein (g/100 g) | 14.5 | 15.1 | 14.7 |
| Fat (g/100 g) | 0.8 | 0.77 | 0.76 |
| Crude fiber (g/100 g) | 33.5 | 34.7 | 34.3 |
| Phosphorus (mg/100 g) | 264 | 269 | 265 |
As can be seen from Table 1, the lentinus edodes cultivated by the method has sufficient nutritional ingredients, high protein and crude fiber content and low fat content, and can obtain high-quality lentinus edodes varieties.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 provides a method of cultivating lentinus edodes, substantially the same as in example 1, except that:
in S4, the growth promoter solution is replaced with sterile water.
Comparative example 2
Comparative example 2 provides a method of cultivating lentinus edodes, substantially the same as comparative example 1, except that:
the oyster mushroom residue is removed according to the formula of the culture material.
Comparative example 3
Comparative example 3 provides a method of cultivating lentinus edodes, substantially the same as comparative example 1, except that:
adopts the conventional culture materials, and the formula is as follows: 76% of cotton seed hulls, 20% of bran, 1.5% of gypsum powder, 1.5% of superphosphate and 1% of sugar. The ratio of the material to the water is 1:1.30.
Hyphal growth and fresh shiitake yield were observed and recorded in examples 1-3 and are recorded in table 2.
TABLE 2 Effect of growth promoter solution on hypha growth
| Grouping | Average daily speed (cm.d) of hyphae -1 ) | Hypha bag filling time/d | Yield (jin/bag) | Mildew rate (%) |
| Example 1 | 0.51±0.04 | 31.00±1.01 | 2.65±0.13 | 0 |
| Example 2 | 0.54±0.04 | 29.00±1.03 | 2.74±0.15 | 0 |
| Example 3 | 0.49±0.03 | 34.00±1.06 | 2.43±0.10 | 1 |
| Comparative example 1 | 0.38±0.02 | 45.00±1.98 | 1.71±0.08 | 0 |
| Comparative example 2 | 0.36±0.02 | 47.00±2.02 | 1.60±0.08 | 7 |
| Comparative example 3 | 0.31±0.01 | 52.00±2.13 | 1.42±0.04 | 8 |
As can be seen from Table 2, the cultivation method of the embodiment 1-3 of the invention can effectively promote the growth rate of hypha, compared with the comparison example 1-3, the growth promoter solution of the invention can effectively promote the growth of hypha, so that the bag filling time of hypha is shortened from 45-52 days to 29-34 days, the average period is shortened by 16 days, the yield of fresh mushrooms is improved (the yield is improved by about 40%), and meanwhile, the fungus bag mildew rate of the comparison example 2-3 can be seen, and the impurity fungus pollution rate is greatly reduced by oyster mushroom residues. As can be seen from comparison of comparative examples 2 and 3, the culture material used in the application has sufficient nutrient components, and is beneficial to increasing yield of the mushrooms.
In conclusion, the method for cultivating the edible mushrooms can effectively promote the growth rate of the mushroom mycelia, shorten the bag filling period of the mycelia, improve the yield of fresh mushrooms by about 40%, and reduce the contamination rate (mildew rate) of mixed mushrooms.
It should be noted that, when the claims refer to numerical ranges, it should be understood that two endpoints of each numerical range and any numerical value between the two endpoints are optional, and the present invention describes the preferred embodiments for preventing redundancy.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. It is therefore intended that the following claims be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, it is intended that the present invention also include such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.
Claims (6)
1. The method for cultivating the edible fungi by using the crop straws is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, preparing a culture material: weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100-120 parts of cotton straw, 80-100 parts of corn straw, 6-10 parts of apple sawdust, 3-5 parts of walnut shells, 1-3 parts of bergamot pears, 1-3 parts of red dates and 20-22 parts of oyster mushroom residues;
respectively crushing cotton straw and corn straw, mixing with apple sawdust to obtain a base material, respectively crushing bergamot pear, red date and walnut shell, mixing to obtain a nutrient material, mixing the base material, the nutrient material and oyster mushroom residues, adding lime with the mass fraction of 1-2%, and uniformly mixing to obtain the culture material;
s2, adding water into the culture material prepared in the step S1 to regulate the water content to 55-60%, regulating the pH to 7-8, bagging the culture material, subpackaging 4-6kg of the culture material per bag during bagging, and uniformly spraying 20-40mL of growth promoter solution per bag;
the growth promoter solution is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass:
30% of eupatorium adenophorum leaf extract, 0.1% of citric acid, 0.1% of boric acid and the balance of sterile water;
the Eupatorium adenophorum leaves extract is prepared by steaming Eupatorium adenophorum leaves in boiling water for 1 hr, filtering to obtain filtrate, and concentrating the filtrate to density of 1.10-1.20;
s3, placing the fungus bag in a 121 ℃ condition for autoclaving for 2-4h to obtain a sterile fungus bag;
s4, inoculating edible fungus strains in a sterile environment after the sterile bag in the S3 is cooled to room temperature, and growing the strains in the environment with the humidity of 85-95% and the temperature of 24-26 ℃;
the edible fungus strain is a mushroom strain;
s5, fruiting management is carried out after hyphae grow up the fungus bags, the temperature is controlled to be 24-26 ℃, the relative air humidity is 80-90%, and diffuse light and ventilation are provided.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in S1, the cotton stalk, the corn stalk and the apple sawdust are crushed to a particle size of 7-9 mm.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein in S2, the mixed culture material is held by one hand, the finger joint is not water-proof, and the palm material is stretched to be agglomerated.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in S2, the bagging material is a polyethylene plastic bag of 55cm×15 cm.
5. The method for cultivating edible mushrooms using crop straws according to claim 1 wherein the growth promoter solution is used for cultivating mushrooms.
6. The method for cultivating edible fungi using crop stalks as claimed in claim 5, wherein the growth promoter solution is used to promote the growth of the mycelium of the shiitake.
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| JPH10152409A (en) * | 1996-11-21 | 1998-06-09 | Shinichi Konuma | Growth promoting agent for mushroom |
| CN1312272C (en) * | 2005-06-15 | 2007-04-25 | 四川大学 | Biodegradation method for preventing and eliminating Eupatorium adenophorum spreng |
| CN103460982A (en) * | 2013-08-05 | 2013-12-25 | 滁州市南谯区大柳镇凤胜食用菌专业合作社 | Culturing method of lucid ganoderma having effects of replenishing qi and protecting health |
| CN104813841A (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2015-08-05 | 广西大学 | Soil-cover cultivation method for summer mushroom |
| CN104982228A (en) * | 2015-07-15 | 2015-10-21 | 攀枝花学院 | Pleurotus djamor cultivation method |
| CN105037001B (en) * | 2015-08-27 | 2018-06-26 | 四川省农业科学院植物保护研究所 | It is a kind of using Eupatorium adenophorum as the oyster mushroom culture medium of primary raw material |
| CN107954777A (en) * | 2017-11-23 | 2018-04-24 | 赤水市亿成生物科技有限公司 | A kind of production method for the organic fertilizer for being exclusively used in rhizoma Gastrodiae |
| CN108117449A (en) * | 2018-01-31 | 2018-06-05 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | A kind of disease-resistant type wood vinegar Water soluble fertilizer and preparation method and application |
| CN109479625A (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2019-03-19 | 吉林农业大学 | A kind of pholiota nameko cultivation matrix and slider mushroom cultivation method |
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