CN104303822B - A kind of implantation methods of mushroom - Google Patents
A kind of implantation methods of mushroom Download PDFInfo
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- CN104303822B CN104303822B CN201410494558.XA CN201410494558A CN104303822B CN 104303822 B CN104303822 B CN 104303822B CN 201410494558 A CN201410494558 A CN 201410494558A CN 104303822 B CN104303822 B CN 104303822B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims abstract description 121
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 39
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- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Mushroom Cultivation (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of implantation methods of mushroom, its principal ingredients includes the raw material of following parts by weight：75 79 parts of wood chip, 13 17 parts of wheat bran, 46 parts of corn flour, 1.5 2.5 parts of gypsum, 0.5 1.5 parts of sugar is watered after stirring, the water content being entirely formulated is 55 65%, is embedded in by the way that bacterium rod is taken off into bag in the sandy loam of ridge-up bed, and sandy loam is using soil, sand, water is agitated uniform into sposh shape, removes middle gap, wherein sandy loam medium sand accounts for sand and the mass percent of soil is：15% 30%; in addition sprayed with water and make it that the mushroom quality produced is high; avoid the infection of miscellaneous bacteria; complete fruiting and protect mushroom rod; mushroom rod fruiting time shifts to an earlier date; it ensure that bacterium rod high yield, stable yields, efficiently, mushroom improves production efficiency by being shorten to 34 days from time of the de- bag with fruiting and each bacterium rod can also increase production fresh mushroom 0.25kg 0.4kg and improve production efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to growing vegetables technical field, more particularly to a kind of implantation methods of mushroom.
Background technology
Mushroom is also known as fragrant bacterium, dried mushroom.Due to its delicious flavour, fragrance make people mentally refreshing is nutritious, not only ranks straw mushroom, flat mushroom
On, and the reputation of " vegetables queen " is have, it is one of " mountain delicacy ".Mushroom has high protein, low fat, polysaccharide, a variety of amino
Sour and multivitamin nutritional characteristic.Mushroom have improve body's immunity, anti-aging, cancer-resisting, hypotensive,
Reducing blood lipid, norcholesterol again can disease, the mushroom such as prevention of arterial hardening, hepatic sclerosis also to diabetes, pulmonary tuberculosis, infectiousness liver
Inflammation, neuritis etc. play therapeutic action, and the functions such as indigestion, constipation are can be used for again.
At present, in south China most area anti-season mushroom（High temperature mushroom）The effect of due to needing moisturizing and cooling
It is many to be cultivated using " water culture " and " covering method ".
Water culture is directly to provide the mineral matter required for its growth to plant by water, when being planted due to water culture,
Need to provide the water source flowed so that water consumption is big, and because mushroom rod is immersed in water for a long time, not only easily occur dissipating rod
Phenomenon, and bacterium rod easily goes mouldy, and influences the quality of mushroom rod and the survival rate of mushroom rod.
Covering method is to be emitted on after bacterium rod takes off bag in ridge-up bed ground, is close together, is then covered on bacterium rod between bacterium rod
2-3cm sandy loam, but this method has many drawbacks.
（1）Fruiting is slow
It it is 4, May because general anti-season lentinus edodes strain stick takes off the bag time, the sandy loam on ridge-up bed is for bacterium rod
Temperature is relatively low, so that the extension of bacterium rod annesl time, causes the delay of fruiting time.And want mushroom valency to sell high, Jiu get Ti
Preceding listing, so as to influence economic benefit.
（2）Condition is poor
After the bacterium rod annesl under earthing is good, when preparing fruiting, although the sandy loam rinsed using water on bacterium rod, still
First, regrowth hair mushroom always more or less carries some sandy loams, causes the condition of mushroom poor, especially bacterium rod and bacterium rod gap fruiting
Condition is just worse.
（3）Easy infection
It is placed in because bacterium rod takes off after bag on ridge-up bed, and now mycoderma also prematurity outside bacterium rod, resist outside miscellaneous bacteria and enter
The scarce capacity invaded, easily mildews, rotten cylinder, especially using plum rain season as very, now high humidity in air, and the temperature on ridge-up bed
Degree, humidity are more suitable for the Cultivation condition of mushroom rod, thus most of bacterium rods generate " flower bud mushroom " below.Meanwhile, go out below bacterium rod
Mushroom due to being squeezed without shape and occupying sandy loam, commodity mushroom is cannot function as at all and as rubbish, mushroom grower is often adopted
Just topple over after plucking, form substantial amounts of waste.
（4）Risk is big
Due to being close together in the prior art between the bacterium rod and bacterium rod of whole bed, centre is not spaced, although covered above
Some sandy loams are stamped, but the space that the miscellaneous bacterias such as various microorganisms survive just has been given in the space between sandy loam, so pole
The infection of bacterium rod is easily caused, is gone mouldy, is rotted, because bacterium rod interconnects, easy cross-infection below such as fails in time
It was found that, bacterium rod can be caused to be annihilated so that mushroom grower bears larger risk in planting process.
Because there is drawbacks described above in the cultural method in above technology, so, the infection of bacterium rod how is reduced, is produced high-quality
Mushroom, improve business efficiency, be a kind of mushroom growers problem urgently to be resolved hurrily.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to：A kind of implantation methods of mushroom are provided, bacterium rod is invaded into mushroom rod process from miscellaneous bacteria
Attack, so as to reach the purpose of high and stable yields.
To achieve these goals, the present invention is provided：A kind of implantation methods of mushroom, are carried out as follows：
（1）Dispensing：Include the raw material of following parts by weight：75-79 parts of wood chip, 13-17 parts of wheat bran, 4-6 parts of corn flour, gypsum
1.5-2.5 parts, sugared 0.5-1.5 parts ratio is watered after stirring, and the water content being entirely formulated is 55-65%；
（2）Pack：By the compost being stirred, load polypropylene plastics pocket（15*58*0.045cm）It is built-in at 6-8 hours
It is complete；
（3）Sterilizing：In above-mentioned bacterium generation, is moved in autoclave, it is rapid to get angry, its temperature is risen to 100 DEG C, and keep 18-
24h；
（4）Inoculation：In the bacterium generation for bacterium of having gone out, is transferred to sterilization thoroughly vaccination shed, open-architecture controller is carried out；
（5）Bacterium germination：Inoculation bag is deposited in vaccination shed, at room temperature cover film bacterium germination；
（6）The arrangement of ridge-up bed：Build with the mushroom shed sheltered from heat or light, arrange ridge-up bed, and ridge-up bed surface impurity is removed totally, bed
Soil property selects sandy loam on face, and wherein sandy loam medium sand accounts for sand and the mass percent of soil is：15%-30%.Will using bactericide
The bed surface thorough disinfection of mushroom shed and ridge-up bed, after send about 10-15cm by ridge-up bed sandy loam plane, pulverize and pick the hard thing such as stone, then
Fetched water and irrigated with water pump, scattered paste shape, floating bed surface are then stirred into hoe, it is impossible to have obvious ponding；
（7）Bacterium rod is inlayed
The bacterium rod of annesl about 2/3 or so is transported to the ridge-up bed of mud has been stirred just nearby, peel off the cylinder generation of bacterium rod outer layer,
Operating personnel are stood in the middle of the ridge-up bed for having mixed mud, and two hand flush ends take off bag bacterium rod and exerted oneself slightly（Inoculation mouth is upward）Press whole bacterium
The 3/4 of rod is let go, and now bacterium rod is to fix there, front and rear up and down must not be drifted about, if there is gap to be pasted with sposh, each bacterium
After rod interval 1.5-2cm sandy loam gap, drained whole furrow bacterium rod, it should check whether institute's discharge of bacteria rod inlays intact, if there is loosening
Or float using on other objects placement bacterium rod, prevent it from floating, treat that moisture can be fixed under being evaporated or oozing.
（8）The fruiting of bacterium rod：Start water spray after inlaying 24 hours and daily 2 to 3 times are sprayed water to the bacterium rod on ridge-up bed, make
Its further annesl fruiting, stops spraying water in fruiting the previous day.
Further, step（5）In when mycelia covers with full bag, put in the inoculation mouth of bacterium rod and each acanthopore distinguished in both sides
10-15, bore dia 4-6mm, hole depth 4cm.
Further, step（5）Bacterium germination during need adjust mushroom yard shape, treat that bacterium has 5-7cm for inoculation mouth bacterium germination
When, first time turning is carried out, determines to change into by 2 every layer according to place size by the number of 10 layers, every layer of every heap before,
Per 4-5 layers of stacking of heap；When bacterium will be connected for bacterium germination to inoculation mouth, second of turning is carried out, by 2 every layer, per heap layer 2-3
Stack.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are：First, it is embedded in by the way that bacterium rod is taken off into bag in the sandy loam of ridge-up bed, sandy loam is
Using soil, sand, water is agitated uniformly into sposh shape, eliminates the gap of centre, then bacterium rod is embedded in sandy loam so that buried
In it is under soil partially due to soil, sand, aqueous mixtures solidification be integral, it is ensured that do not have between bacterium rod and sandy loam it is any between
Gap, with advantages below：First, mushroom rod is substantially free of sandy loam in fruiting, so that mushroom condition is more preferable；Second, keep away
Exempting from the loss of bacterium rod moisture increases production mushroom；3rd, completely cut off the intrusion of the microorganisms such as all-pervasive miscellaneous bacteria.
Secondly, natively there is certain annesl for the exposed part of bacterium rod, sprayed in addition with water, quickly form one
Layer has the Protective substances of " quinones ", avoids the infection of exposed part bacterium rod so that bacterium rod becomes the survival rate of mushroom rod
More than 99.5%, complete fruiting simultaneously protect mushroom rod, mushroom rod fruiting time shifts to an earlier date, in this way it is ensured that bacterium rod high yield, stable yields, efficiently, its
In, mushroom is carried by being shorten to 3-4 days from time of the de- bag with fruiting and each bacterium rod can also increase production 0.25kg-0.4kg fresh mushroom
High production efficiency.
Embodiment
A kind of implantation methods of mushroom, are carried out as follows：
（1）Compost is prepared, by 77 parts of wood chip, 15 parts of wheat bran, 5 parts of corn flour, 2 parts of gypsum, the ratio stirring of 1 part of sugar is equal
It is watered after even, the water content being entirely formulated is 60 parts and then stirred（The parts by weight of above-mentioned compost are equal in following scope
Can：75-79 parts of wood chip, 13-17 parts of wheat bran, 4-6 parts of corn flour, 1.5-2.5 parts of gypsum, sugared 0.5-1.5 parts stir after convert
Water, the water content being entirely formulated is 55-65%）；
（2）Pack：By the compost being stirred, load polypropylene plastics pocket（15*58*0.045cm）It is built-in at 6-8 hours
It is complete；
（3）Sterilizing：In above-mentioned bacterium generation, is moved in autoclave, it is rapid to get angry, its temperature is risen to 100 DEG C, and keep 18-
24h；
（4）Inoculation：In the bacterium generation for bacterium of having gone out, is transferred to sterilization thoroughly vaccination shed, open-architecture controller is carried out.
（5）Bacterium germination：Inoculation bag is deposited in vaccination shed according to every 10 layers of heap, at room temperature cover film bacterium germination
When bacterium has 5-7cm for inoculation mouth bacterium germination, first time turning is carried out, by 10 layers of every heap before, every layer of number
Determine to change into by 2 every layer according to place size, per 4-5 layers of stacking of heap；When bacterium will be connected for bacterium germination to inoculation mouth, enter
Second of turning of row, by 2 every layer, stacks per heap layer 2-3, when mycelia covers with full bag, is put and two in the inoculation mouth of bacterium rod
Side distinguishes each acanthopore 10-15, bore dia 4-6mm, hole depth 4cm, and by 2 every layer, per 2 layers of stacking of heap, if a few days ago temperature
Film ventilation should be taken off higher than 30 DEG C.
（6）The arrangement of ridge-up bed
Build with the mushroom shed sheltered from heat or light, arrange ridge-up bed, and ridge-up bed surface impurity is removed totally, soil property selects sand on bed surface
Loam, wherein sandy loam medium sand account for sand and the mass percent of soil is：15%-30%.Using bactericide by mushroom shed and the bed of ridge-up bed
Face thorough disinfection, after send about 10-15cm by ridge-up bed sandy loam plane, pulverize and pick the hard thing such as stone, then fetched water and irrigate with water pump,
Then scattered paste shape, floating bed surface are stirred into hoe, it is impossible to have obvious ponding, in case bacterium rod drifts about.
（7）Bacterium rod is inlayed
The bacterium rod of annesl about 2/3 or so is transported to the ridge-up bed of mud has been stirred just nearby, bacterium rod is peelled off with the life of sharp knife
The cylinder generation of outer layer,
Operating personnel are stood in the middle of the ridge-up bed for having mixed mud, and two hand flush ends take off bag bacterium rod and exerted oneself slightly（Inoculation mouth is upward）Press
3/4 or so of whole bacterium rod down（I.e. bacterium rod is exposed at native face 1-2cm or so）Let go, now bacterium rod be it is fixed there, must not on
Drifted about before and after lower, if there is gap to be pasted with sposh, each bacterium rod interval 1.5-2cm sandy loam gap, drained whole furrow bacterium rod
Afterwards, it should check whether institute's discharge of bacteria rod inlays intact, be placed if having loosening or floating using other objects on bacterium rod, prevent it from
It is floating, treat that moisture can be fixed under being evaporated or oozing.
（8）The fruiting of bacterium rod：
After after bacterium rod grand style 24 hours, sprayed water to bacterium rod surface, remove the debris such as sandy loam above, examine on bacterium rod
The white hypha in face lodges therewith, and such three, four days water sprays, the mycelia of bacterium rod surface changes into rufous by white.Such bacterium
In the brown material of rod surface, just have a class bioactive substance can flower bud generation, an also class such as quinones to bacterium rod have protect
The material generation of shield effect.Now, exposing lease making temperature difference water spray etc. outside soil stimulates, and has formed layer protecting film, can resist outer
Carry out the invasion and attack of miscellaneous bacteria, and be embedded under soil partially due to soil, sand, aqueous mixtures solidification be integral, equivalent to its underpart set
One layer of sack for being difficult to be attacked by miscellaneous bacteria.
Bacterium rod " inlays " ridge-up bed water spray three, after four days, just has the sprouting of mushroom flower bud, now throwing away will spray water to bacterium rod, because annesl
Also not thoroughly, treat that mushroom grows to the previous day to be plucked, stop water spray, be easy to adopt mushroom listing.
After one batch of mushroom harvesting terminates, still stop the residue such as mushroom base of a fruit in water spray 7 days or so, cleaning mushroom rod, check mushroom
Rod has non-loosening in sandy loam, if shape should be restored by having, then again to water spray a couple of days after can go out regrowth hair mushroom, so operation, seven
Can go out three before and after months 15 days, four batches of mushrooms.Because southern most area is before annual July 15 to August 15
Temperature is mostly about 35 DEG C afterwards, because of the physiological property of mushroom, Gu during this period mushroom rod should based on rehabilitation, in order to avoid hinder rod,
Water spray 2 to 3 times daily of this time, mainly cool and support rod.
After after the beginning of autumn, temperature is progressively lower, and the temperature difference is increased, and the mushroom matter that now mushroom rod goes out is superior, until November mushroom rod is remained to
Go out three, four batches of mushrooms.Thus using the method cultivate bacterium rod can seven batches or so of fruiting, not only increase the quality of mushroom, and
Bacterium rod is set to become the survival rate more than 99.5% of mushroom rod, and mushroom from time of the de- bag with fruiting by shortening to 3-4 days, each
Bacterium rod can also increase production 0.25kg-0.4kg fresh mushroom, improve production efficiency.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of implantation methods of mushroom, it is characterised in that carry out as follows：
(1) dispensing：Include the raw material of following parts by weight：75-79 parts of wood chip, 13-17 parts of wheat bran, 4-6 parts of corn flour, gypsum 1.5-
2.5 parts, sugared 0.5-1.5 parts ratio is watered after stirring, and the water content being entirely formulated is 55-65%；
(2) pack：By the compost being stirred, load polypropylene plastics pocket and installed in 6-8 hours, wherein polypropylene plastics pocket
Size be 15cm*58cm*0.045cm；
(3) sterilize：Above-mentioned bacterium bag is moved in autoclave, it is rapid to get angry, its temperature is risen to 100 DEG C, and keep 18-24h；
(4) it is inoculated with：The bacterium bag for bacterium of having gone out is transferred to sterilization thoroughly vaccination shed, open-architecture controller is carried out；
(5) bacterium germination：Bacterium bag will be connect to be deposited in vaccination shed, at room temperature cover film bacterium germination；
(6) arrangement of ridge-up bed：Build with the mushroom shed sheltered from heat or light, arrange ridge-up bed, and ridge-up bed surface impurity is removed totally, on bed surface
Soil property selects sandy loam, and wherein sandy loam medium sand accounts for sand and the mass percent of soil is：15%-30%, using bactericide by mushroom
The bed surface thorough disinfection of canopy and ridge-up bed, after by ridge-up bed sandy loam dig pine, plane pine depth be 10-15cm, pulverize and pick hard thing,
Fetched water and irrigated with water pump again, scattered paste shape, floating bed surface are then stirred into hoe, it is impossible to have obvious ponding；
(7) bacterium rod is inlayed
The bacterium rod of annesl 2/3 is transported to the ridge-up bed of mud has been stirred just nearby, peel off the cylinder bag of bacterium rod outer layer, standing
Stand in the middle of the ridge-up bed for having mixed mud, two hand flush ends take off bag bacterium rod, inoculation mouth is firmly pressed the 3/4 of whole bacterium rod upward, slightly and put
Hand, now bacterium rod is to fix there, front and rear up and down must not be drifted about, if there is gap to be pasted with sposh, each bacterium rod interval
After 1.5-2cm sandy loam gap, drained whole furrow bacterium rod, check whether institute's discharge of bacteria rod inlays intact, answered if having loosening or floating
Placed with other objects on bacterium rod, prevent it from floating, treat that moisture can be fixed under being evaporated or oozing；
(8) fruiting of bacterium rod：Start water spray after inlaying 24 hours and daily 2 to 3 times are sprayed water to the bacterium rod on ridge-up bed, enter it
One step annesl fruiting, stops spraying water in fruiting the previous day.
2. the implantation methods of the mushroom according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Treat that mycelia covers with full bag in step (5)
When, distinguish each acanthopore 10-15 in the inoculation mouth of bacterium rod and both sides, bore dia 4-6mm, hole depth 4cm.
3. the implantation methods of the mushroom according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Needed during the bacterium germination of step (5)
Mushroom yard shape is adjusted, when bacterium bag inoculation mouth bacterium germination has 5-7cm, first time turning, by 10 layers of every heap before, every layer is carried out
Number determines to change into by 2 every layer according to place size, per 4-5 layers of stacking of heap；Treat that bacterium bag bacterium germination to inoculation mouth will be connected
When, second of turning is carried out, by 2 every layer, is stacked per heap layer 2-3.
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| CN105123260A (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2015-12-09 | 武义创新食用菌有限公司 | Method for increasing summer mushroom output |
| CN106472105A (en) * | 2015-08-31 | 2017-03-08 | 佛山市高明区鹏鹄农业发展有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of mushroom |
| CN105294351A (en) * | 2015-11-26 | 2016-02-03 | 南宁市金沙壮畜牧养殖有限责任公司 | Edible fungus bed cultivation method |
| CN105393798A (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2016-03-16 | 全椒县香妃农业专业合作社 | High-yield mushroom plantation method |
| CN105900681A (en) * | 2016-04-13 | 2016-08-31 | 奉节县芝宝菌类种植专业合作社 | Plantation method of shiitake fungus |
| CN106386169A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-15 | 佛山市高明区生产力促进中心 | Planting method for freshly growing mushroom |
| CN107173052A (en) * | 2017-05-23 | 2017-09-19 | 李贤章 | A kind of implantation methods of mushroom |
| CN107347455B (en) * | 2017-08-28 | 2020-06-12 | 灵川县金晨菌业有限公司 | Large-bed planting method for mushrooms |
| CN108849234A (en) * | 2018-09-21 | 2018-11-23 | 武义创新食用菌有限公司 | A kind of organic lentinus edodes strain stick after-ripening bacteria technology |
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| KR101163717B1 (en) * | 2009-01-07 | 2012-07-09 | 한려버섯 영농조합법인 | method of growing edible mushrooms |
| CN101507396B (en) * | 2009-03-24 | 2011-05-18 | 齐玉珍 | Cultivation method of pasania fungus containing calcium |
| CN101857489B (en) * | 2010-05-14 | 2013-01-09 | 东至县德丰食用菌科技开发中心 | Zinc-enriched selenium-enriched lentinus edodes and cultivation method thereof |
| CN102657028A (en) * | 2012-05-20 | 2012-09-12 | 何寒 | Soil covering culture method for flower mushrooms |
| CN103444443A (en) * | 2013-09-19 | 2013-12-18 | 何寒 | Hydroponic method of mushrooms |
| CN103975767A (en) * | 2014-05-29 | 2014-08-13 | 中节能（汉川）光伏农业科技有限公司 | Cultivation method of photovoltaic greenhouse buried type shiitake |
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