CN103975767A - Cultivation method of photovoltaic greenhouse buried type shiitake - Google Patents
Cultivation method of photovoltaic greenhouse buried type shiitake Download PDFInfo
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- CN103975767A CN103975767A CN201410233079.2A CN201410233079A CN103975767A CN 103975767 A CN103975767 A CN 103975767A CN 201410233079 A CN201410233079 A CN 201410233079A CN 103975767 A CN103975767 A CN 103975767A
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Abstract
The invention provides a cultivation method of photovoltaic greenhouse buried type shiitake. The cultivation method of the photovoltaic greenhouse buried type shiitake includes the following steps: building a sunshade net in a photovoltaic greenhouse; installing a suspended ceiling type spraying system; installing a ventilator; performing ditching in the photovoltaic greenhouse and separating the interior of the photovoltaic greenhouse by using ridges; placing shiitake sticks on ridge faces after removing bags of the shiitake sticks mature in physiology; coating the shiitake sticks with soil, spraying water on the shiitake sticks, and preserving moisture of the shiitake sticks; performing sand flushing and bud inducement, and creating a wetting and drying alternation external environment; managing fruiting of the shiitake, regulating ventilation so as to provide sufficient oxygen requirements, and regulating water spraying so as to meet requirements of the shiitake for the moisture and air humidity. The cultivation method of the photovoltaic greenhouse buried type shiitake combines the photovoltaic greenhouse with shiitake planting, not only can perform ceiling solar power generation, but also creates the environment benefit for shiitake fruiting in the photovoltaic greenhouse, provides planting conditions out of season in summer, and produces the shiitake good in quality and yield under the circumstance of shiitake market shortage in summer. Furthermore, 0.8 kilogram of the shiitake can be produced averagely through per kilogram of fresh materials, biology conversion rate reaches 80%, disease and pest harm is effectively prevented through an insect prevention net and measures of soil coating, and spray irrigation and water retention, insect hazard rate is reduced by 50%, infectious microbe hazard rate is reduced by 20%, and the cultivation method of the photovoltaic greenhouse buried type shiitake is simple to operate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to mushroom cultivation field, be specifically related to a kind of cultivation method of mushroom.
Background technology
Mushroom has another name called mushroom, fragrant letter, fragrant wild rice, vertebra young pilose antler, belongs to Basidiomycetes Agaricales Pleurotaceae Lentinus.The artificial cultivation of mushroom is in China's history of existing more than 800 year, and mushroom culture is all used " cutting colored method " for a long time, is a kind of segment wood cultivated method of inoculation naturally.Until the mid-1960s China just starts to cultivate pure culture, use the segment wood cultivated method of artificial infection instead.The mid-1970s occurred for material briquetting cultivation, after develop into again plastic bag cultivation method, output significantly increases, China has been the first big country of Lentnus edodes in the world at present.
Mushroom is famous food medicine dual-purpose bacterium, and its aromatic flavour is nutritious, contains 18 seed amino acids, and 7 kinds essential by human body.Contained ergosterol, can change vitamin D into, has the effect that strengthens the anti-disease of human body and preventing cold; Lentinan has antitumor action; Adenine and choline can prevent cirrhosis and vascular sclerosis; Tyrosine oxidase has the effect reducing blood pressure; Double stranded RNA can produce by inducing interferon, has antivirus action.Among the people by mushroom for removing toxic substances, beneficial stomach Qi with control the broken blood of wind, be one of traditional outlet special product product of China, its primes is flower mushroom.
Mushroom mycelium white, fine hair shape, tool tabula and branch, many clamp connections, ripe rear kink reticulates, aging rear formation brown mycoderm.Fruit body is medium large to slightly large.5～12 centimetres of bacteria cover diameters, flat hemispherical, edge is involute, gradually open and flat after maturation, and dark brown, to dark cinnamon, has dark scale.Bacterial context is thick, white.Lamella white, close, curved life, not isometric.In stem, give birth to extremely wilfully, white, interior reality, often crooked, long 3～8 centimetres, thick 0.5～1.5 centimetre; Middle part raw collarium, narrow, easy broken disappearance; Below ring, there is fibrous white scale.Spore is oval, colourless, smooth.
The optimum temperature of mushroom mycelium growth is 23～25 ℃, lower than 10 ℃ or hinder its growth higher than 30 ℃.The preference temperature of fruit-body formation is 10～20 ℃, and requires to have the day and night temperature that is greater than 10 ℃.The mushroom kind of using in producing at present has high temperature modification, middle warm type, three kinds of temperature types of low form, and its fruiting thermophilic high temperature modification is 15～25 ℃, and middle warm type is 7～20 ℃, and low form is 5～15 ℃.
Mushroom is aerobe class.In mushroom growth environment, due to poor aeration, carbon dioxide build-up is too much, oxygen is not enough, mycelial growth and fruit body development all can be subject to obvious inhibition, and this has just accelerated the aging of mycelia, and fruit body easily produces deformity, is also conducive to growing of miscellaneous bacteria.Ozone is the necessary condition that guarantees that mushroom normal growth is grown.
The growth of mushroom mycelium does not need light, and under the condition of complete darkness, mycelial growth is good, and high light can suppress mycelial growth.The sporophore growth stage is wanted scattered light, light too a little less than, fruiting is few, piece little, handle is elongated, quality time, but direct light is harmful to mushroom fruiting body again.
The off-season cultivation in summer of mushroom can utilize nature or artificial cavern, civil air defense works etc. to cultivate, but most places do not have such facility, therefore, general multiplex common booth and cooling system carry out off-season cultivation, but the booth cost that cooling system is installed is higher, the fruiting time in summer is longer, and power cost is larger.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: the object of the invention is in order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of and make mushroom normal fruiting in summer, and fruiting quality is good, output is high, the cultivation method of the buried mushroom of the simple photovoltaic green-house of method of operating.
Technical scheme: the cultivation method of the buried mushroom of a kind of photovoltaic green-house, comprises the following steps:
(1) in photovoltaic green-house, take sunshade net;
(2) ceiling mounting type spraying system is installed;
(3) ventilation blower is installed;
(4) in canopy, trench digging is done furrow;
(5) being placed on furrow face after the de-bag of the mushroom of physiological ripening rod;
(6) bacterium rod earthing, water spray moisturizing;
(7) flower bud is urged in sand surfing, creates the external environment condition of alternation of wetting and drying;
(8) management of producing mushroom, regulation and control ventilation time and number of times, provide sufficient oxygen demand, and regulation and control water spraying time and number of times, meet the requirement of mushroom to moisture and air humidity.
Further, in the photovoltaic green-house that step (1) ~ (3) are 40% at light transmittance, take 6 pin double-layered sunshade nets, make light transmittance reduce to 10%, can effectively reduce temperature of shed like this, can meet again the demand of mushroom growth to illumination; The roller shutter type ventilating opening that width is 1.2m is offered on booth north, and ventilating opening is pressed fly net; Roller shutter type ventilating opening is installed on canopy three limits, on one side canopy is installed blower fan; Canopy inner top is laid suspension type injection spray pipe, and 1 meter of injection spray pipe radius of spray, every 2 meters one.
Further, the wide 120cm of step (4) furrow, the high 10cm of furrow, the wide 40cm in aisle between furrow, every two furrow are done a dark 20cm, the ditch of wide 40cm; Furrow face is smooth, with pulverized limestone, sterilizes.Adopt these type of furrow can farthest improve land utilization rate in canopy, improve mushroom single rate, be convenient to again large-scale production operation.
Further, step (5) by sending out the good xianggu stick of bacterium, with sharp blade scribing bacterium fluid-pressure moulding material, is peelled off the excellent outer bag of bacterium in 4 ~ May, and flat raft, in furrow face, has the effect of water conservation to make bacterium rod complete annesl by furrow mask immediately, for fruiting ready.
Further, the earth that step (6) covers bacterium cylinder is the chiltern cubsoil below the native 30cm of table, the cubsoil of excavating is exposed to the sun 2 days under burning sun, and the rubble foreign material that sieve are admixed 10% pulverized limestone, baked wheaten cake soil or ash, bacterium cylinder face covers 3cm, bacterium cylinder is all covered, to avoid worm's ovum in cubsoil, the harm of microbial bacterial to bacterium rod, to draw in furrow ditch pouring into mobile little stream, mountain spring water or reservoir water, change every day once, with the smelly bacterium rod miscellaneous bacteria that causes of anti-dead, infect.
Further, step (7) is after xianggu stick annesl completes 80 ~ 90%, bacterium rod surface forms the tan mycoderm of one deck, now urge thunder fruiting neat, cover thick, mushroom type is good, if annesl is crossed dark or excessively shallow, all affect the Quality and yield of fruiting, water receiving pipe washes away the surperficial sandy soil of bacterium rod, rinse well, while preventing fruiting, be with sandy soil to affect quality.
Further, step (7), after sand surfing completes, stops watering, short its fruiting of method of employing alternation of wetting and drying, and adjusting retaining maintenance temperature of shed in ventilation and canopy has 5 ~ 10 ℃ of temperature difference night below 25 ℃ daytime.
Further, first mushroom of step (8) is in 5 ~ early June, due to temperature from low to high, but nighttime temperature is lower, day and night temperature is large, but also it is rainy season, high humidity, favourable to mushroom fruiting body differentiation kink, by regulation and control air humidity, make it maintain 70 ~ 90%, temperature is controlled below 25 ℃, below intensity of illumination 800lx, keep good ventilation, mushroom normal growth, after first mushroom is gathered end, put furrow ditch-water, and stop watering, reduce the humidity of mushroom bed, allow bacterium cylinder mycelia recover growth, accumulation nutrient, it is long white that the vestige of mushroom to be adopted (recess) mycelia has recovered, fill with back furrow ditch-water, and the stimulation of strengthening watering, promote the rapid kink of next group fruit body to form.
Beneficial effect: 1, the present invention combines photovoltaic green-house and mushroom plantation, not only can carry out ceiling solar electrical energy generation, and created again the environment that is conducive to fruiting in canopy, the planting conditions of anti-season in summer is provided, the in the situation that of the shortage of mushroom in summer market, the mushroom quality of output is good, output is high, the fresh material of average per kilogram produces 0.8 kilogram, mushroom, biology conversion ratio 80%, and effectively prevented that by fly net, earthing, sprinkling irrigation Water-retaining Measure sick worm from endangering, worm hazard ratio reduces by 50%, and miscellaneous bacteria hazard ratio reduces by 20%, and method of operating is simple; 2, the buried mushroom of the present invention adopts sandy soil to cover xianggu stick, keeps the moisture of bacterium rod by moist sandy soil, evaporates the cooling that reaches bacterium rod and fruiting subenvironment by moisture; In photovoltaic green-house, in canopy, take sunshade net and can reduce temperature of shed, and reduce intensity of illumination in canopy; It is also bacterium rod moisturizing and maintenance air humidity that the temperature that in refraction type atomizer and canopy, between layout furrow, ditch also can reduce in canopy is installed in canopy; Three limits of booth are controlled ventilating opening and fly net are installed with shutter, Yi Bian blower fan is installed, cell panel north slope is installed roller shutter skylight, reaches good ventilation in canopy, and have effectively controlled the damage by disease and insect in summer.
Embodiment
Below technical solution of the present invention is elaborated, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to described embodiment.
embodiment:the first step, builds photovoltaic agricultural greenhouse, creates and is conducive to the requirement of buried mushroom to temperature, humidity, ventilation and illumination.Concrete, canopy is wide 48.8 meters, long 88.6 meters of canopy, and canopy type adopts and connects a canopy, 7 meters of every spans.The solar panel that light transmittance is 40% is laid at every booth top, towards south orientation, and 16 °, angle of inclination.Every north slope is offered skylight as ventilating opening, 1.2 meters of day window widths, and opening-closing size is controlled by automatic film rolling machine in skylight, and 30 object fly nets are installed at ventilating opening place.Booth in the east, the ventilating opening of 1.8 meters of in the south, north setting height(from bottom)s, 30 object fly nets are installed at ventilating opening place, ventilating opening is installed Automaitc shade-rolling machine outward and is controlled ventilating opening size.The blower fan of 6 1.1kw is installed in booth west, and wind direction is exposed to the west, as booth outward exhausting use.Booth inside top is set up the 6 double-deck pin sunshade nets, makes light transmittance reduce to 10% left and right.Under sunshade net, lay and hang refraction type atomizer, 1 meter of shower nozzle radius of spray, laying density has 1 every 2 meters.
Second step, the buried mushroom of planting site in photovoltaic green-house, comprises the following steps:
Ground trench digging is done furrow in canopy, the wide 120cm of furrow, and the high 10cm of furrow, the wide 40cm in aisle between furrow, every two furrow are done a ditch, dark 20cm, wide 40cm, furrow face is smooth and sterilize with pulverized limestone;
Bacterium rod is de-bag pendulum rod after showing up, under xianggu stick generally in 4 ~ May, by sending out the good xianggu stick of bacterium, with sharp blade scribing bacterium fluid-pressure moulding material, first peel off bacterium bag two ends, then bacterium bag peeled off, flat raft is in furrow face immediately;
Bacterium rod earthing, the earth that covers bacterium cylinder must be selected the chiltern cubsoil below the native 30cm of table, excavate the cubsoil of industry, under burning sun, be exposed to the sun 2 days, the rubble foreign material that sieve, admix 10% pulverized limestone, baked wheaten cake soil or ash, bacterium cylinder face covers 3cm, bacterium cylinder is all covered, in furrow ditch, draw and pour into mobile little stream, mountain spring water or reservoir water, preferably change every day once;
Sand surfing, after xianggu stick annesl completes 80 ~ 90%, water receiving pipe washes away the surperficial sandy soil of bacterium rod, rinse well, prevents that the suitable band of fruiting sandy soil from affecting quality;
Urge flower bud, after sand surfing completes, stop watering, adopt short its fruiting of method of alternation of wetting and drying, by adjustments ventilates with canopy in retaining maintenance temperature of shed daytime below 25 ℃, have 5 ~ 10 ℃ of temperature difference night;
Management of producing mushroom, first mushroom is in 5 ~ early June, temperature from low to high, but nighttime temperature is lower, day and night temperature is large, but also it is rainy season, high humidity, favourable to mushroom fruiting body differentiation kink, by regulation and control air humidity, make it maintain 70 ~ 90%, temperature is controlled below 25 ℃, below intensity of illumination 800lx, keep good ventilation, below gas concentration lwevel 1000ppm, mushroom normal growth, after first mushroom is gathered end, put furrow ditch-water, and stop watering, reduce the humidity of mushroom bed, allow bacterium cylinder mycelia recover growth, accumulation nutrient, it is long white that the vestige of mushroom to be adopted (recess) mycelia has recovered, fill with back furrow ditch-water, and the stimulation of strengthening watering, promote the rapid kink of next group fruit body to form.
The buried mushroom of planting in the present embodiment photovoltaic green-house and traditional buried comparing, have following advantage:
1, buried mushroom plantation invention technology in this photovoltaic green-house, has realized ceiling generating, planting edible mushroom under canopy, and both stop portions light entered booth and had created favorable environment to mushroom growth, took full advantage of again light resources, had increased profit margin;
2, photovoltaic green-house is closed capable of regulating illumination intensity by adjusting sunshade net, realize cooling summer, realize insulation winter, can after buried mushroom plantation, crop rotation plant other green crops, traditional buried mushroom implantation methods is taken turns after plantation several, because miscellaneous bacteria radix increases the continuation plantation that is unsuitable for mushroom, Land Use Degree is low;
3, this invention technology do mechanization operation degree is high, compares with traditional cultivation method, ventilates, adopts the link operating efficiencies such as mushroom, the cleaning of bacterium rod and greatly improve in xianggu stick transportation, canopy, can realize the large-scale development of industry.
As mentioned above, although represented and explained the present invention with reference to specific preferred embodiment, it shall not be construed as the restriction to the present invention self.Not departing under the spirit and scope of the present invention prerequisite of claims definition, can make in the form and details various variations to it.
Claims (8)
1. a cultivation method for the buried mushroom of photovoltaic green-house, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
(1) in photovoltaic green-house, take sunshade net;
(2) ceiling mounting type spraying system is installed;
(3) ventilation blower is installed;
(4) in canopy, trench digging is done furrow;
(5) being placed on furrow face after the de-bag of the mushroom of physiological ripening rod;
(6) bacterium rod earthing, water spray moisturizing;
(7) flower bud is urged in sand surfing, creates the external environment condition of alternation of wetting and drying;
(8) management of producing mushroom, regulation and control are ventilated so that sufficient oxygen demand to be provided, and regulation and control water spray is to meet the requirement of mushroom to moisture and air humidity.
2. the cultivation method of the buried mushroom of photovoltaic green-house according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in the photovoltaic green-house that step (1) ~ (3) are 40% at light transmittance, take 6 pin double-layered sunshade nets; The roller shutter type ventilating opening that width is 1.2m is offered on booth north, and ventilating opening is pressed fly net; Roller shutter type ventilating opening is installed on canopy three limits, on one side canopy is installed blower fan; Canopy inner top is laid suspension type injection spray pipe, and 1 meter of injection spray pipe radius of spray, every 2 meters one.
3. the cultivation method of the buried mushroom of photovoltaic green-house according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the wide 120cm of step (4) furrow, and the high 10cm of furrow, the wide 40cm in aisle between furrow, every two furrow are done a dark 20cm, the ditch of wide 40cm; Furrow face is smooth, with pulverized limestone, sterilizes.
4. the cultivation method of the buried mushroom of photovoltaic green-house according to claim 1, is characterized in that: step (5) will be sent out the good xianggu stick of bacterium in 4 ~ May, and scribing bacterium fluid-pressure moulding material, peels off bacterium rod outer bag, and flat raft is in furrow face immediately.
5. the cultivation method of the buried mushroom of photovoltaic green-house according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the earth that step (6) covers bacterium cylinder is the chiltern cubsoil below the native 30cm of table, the cubsoil of excavating is exposed to the sun 2 days under burning sun, rubble foreign material sieve, admix 10% pulverized limestone, baked wheaten cake soil or ash, bacterium cylinder face covers 3cm, and bacterium cylinder is all covered, in furrow ditch, draw and pour into mobile little stream, mountain spring water or reservoir water, change once every day.
6. the cultivation method of the buried mushroom of photovoltaic green-house according to claim 1, is characterized in that: step (7), after xianggu stick annesl completes 80 ~ 90%, washes away the surperficial sandy soil of bacterium rod.
7. the cultivation method of the buried mushroom of photovoltaic green-house according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: step (7) is after sand surfing completes, stop watering, adopt short its fruiting of method of alternation of wetting and drying, adjust retaining maintenance temperature of shed in ventilation and canopy and below 25 ℃, have 5 ~ 10 ℃ of temperature difference night daytime.
8. the cultivation method of the buried mushroom of photovoltaic green-house according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: first mushroom of step (8) is in 5 ~ early June, regulation and control air humidity makes it maintain 70 ~ 90%, temperature is controlled below 25 ℃, below intensity of illumination 800lx, keep good ventilation, mushroom normal growth, after first mushroom is gathered end, put furrow ditch-water, and stop watering, reduce the humidity of mushroom bed, allow bacterium cylinder mycelia recover growth, accumulation nutrient, it is long white that the vestige of mushroom to be adopted (recess) mycelia has recovered, fill with back furrow ditch-water, and the stimulation of strengthening watering, promote the rapid kink of next group fruit body to form.
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| CN104303822A (en) * | 2014-09-25 | 2015-01-28 | 桐城市佳明农业发展有限公司 | Planting method of mushroom |
| CN105557384A (en) * | 2015-12-17 | 2016-05-11 | 广西防城金花茶国家级自然保护区管理处 | Method for building anti-typhoon golden camellia seedling sunshelter in coastal region |
| CN106134761A (en) * | 2015-04-28 | 2016-11-23 | 江西麻山化工有限公司 | A kind of industrialization mushroom breeding method |
| CN108401783A (en) * | 2018-02-28 | 2018-08-17 | 衢州市农业科学研究院 | A kind of summer mushroom vertical soil coverage cultural method |
| CN111699917A (en) * | 2020-07-30 | 2020-09-25 | 竹山县绿谷食用菌有限公司 | Shiitake mushroom tail stubble yield increasing method based on PH value adjustment |
| CN113040003A (en) * | 2021-04-23 | 2021-06-29 | 黔东南苗族侗族自治州农业科学院 | Novel ground cultivation mushroom stick arranging method |
| CN113243253A (en) * | 2021-06-15 | 2021-08-13 | 重庆市城口县松坤菌草科技开发有限责任公司 | Mushroom planting water supplementing method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111699917A (en) * | 2020-07-30 | 2020-09-25 | 竹山县绿谷食用菌有限公司 | Shiitake mushroom tail stubble yield increasing method based on PH value adjustment |
| CN113040003A (en) * | 2021-04-23 | 2021-06-29 | 黔东南苗族侗族自治州农业科学院 | Novel ground cultivation mushroom stick arranging method |
| CN113243253A (en) * | 2021-06-15 | 2021-08-13 | 重庆市城口县松坤菌草科技开发有限责任公司 | Mushroom planting water supplementing method |
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Application publication date: 20140813 |