CN103430770A - Method for cultivating black funguses in three-dimensional mode in greenhouse - Google Patents
Method for cultivating black funguses in three-dimensional mode in greenhouse Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for cultivating black funguses in a three-dimensional mode in a greenhouse, and relates to a cultivation method of edible mushrooms. The problems that in the hanging bag cultivation technology, fungus seeds are not properly selected, arrangement density is large, ventilation is difficult, the fungus making requirement is high, black fungus slices can not open, and the temperature and humidity of the greenhouse can not be easily controlled are solved. The method for cultivating the black funguses comprises the steps of selecting fungus seeds, building up the greenhouse, disinfecting the inside of the greenhouse, producing fungus bags, sterilizing, inoculating funguses, growing funguses, managing opening and fungus slice appearing, hanging bags, managing accelerating germination, managing the fungus slice growth period, managing collection and humidification turning, and picking top fungus slices when fungus bags fall down on the ground. The method has the advantages that fruit bodies are good in economic character, free of pollution, organic and watery, picking is easy and practical, and management efficiency is high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the cultivation method of a kind of edible mushroom, particularly a kind of woodear canopy chamber stereo cultivation method.
Background technology
Woodear is a kind of black, colloid, delicious edible mushroom, mainly originates in northeast and the Deng Di mountain area, Hubei of China, 1.5 ten thousand tons of (dry ear) left and right of annual production.The agaric fungus shape, as ear, parasitizes on withered tree, containing carbohydrate, protein, fat, amino acid, vitamin and mineral matter.Auricularia auriculajudae quality softness, the mouthfeel delicacy, delicious flavour, local flavor is special, is a kind of nutritious famous edible mushroom; But can element meat or fish, not only for dish, add greatly elegance, and can nourish blood and preserve youthful looks, eliminate disease and prolong life.Modern nutriology man highly praise woodear is " meat or fish in element ", and its nutritive value can compare favourably with animal food.
At present, the planting type of woodear is the three-dimensional Pig cultivation in canopy chamber, and because of the mode of taking suspension to put, under equal area, it puts quantity is to plant traditionally 5～6 times of auricularia auriculajudae.Simultaneously, because producing the woodear process of growth, the canopy chamber is subject to weather effect little, quality is pure, do not spray any agricultural chemicals, pollution-free, green organic, a production cycle gets off, but water-saving and energy-conservation 60～70%, and can realize one month earlier plucking, rob and early go public, every bag of Pig ear net profit is planted auricularia auriculajudae than ground and will be exceeded 0.5～1.0 yuan, economic benefits.But this technology exist aborning bacterial classification select improper, put that density is large, the technical barriers such as difficult, processed bacterium requirement is high, auricle does not hack, the canopy room temperature humidity is wayward of ventilating.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to overcome the problem existed in background technology, and provide a kind of woodear canopy chamber stereo cultivation method, this woodear canopy chamber stereo cultivation method, have the features such as heat and moisture preserving is good, high to the availability in space, the fruit body economic characters are good, the efficiency of management is high, anti-extreme weather ability is strong.
The present invention solves its problem and can reach by following technical solution: this woodear canopy chamber stereo cultivation method comprises that concrete steps are as follows:
(1) bacterial classification is selected: select the mid-early maturity kind;
(2) booth is built: three-dimensional Pig booth is built with steel frame construction or timber structure, and it is east-west that booth length is no more than 35 meters employings, and booth length surpasses 35 meters and adopts south-north direction; Place some cross bars on the canopy inner frame, every two cross bars are one group, cross bar spacing 30cm left and right in group, and between every group of cross bar, distance is 50～60cm;
(3) sterilization in canopy;
(4) production of bacterium bag, sterilizing, connect bacterium, send out bacterium;
(5) opening and go out syrinx reason: cultured bacterium bag is transported in canopy, carried out opening, after opening, bacterium bag code is stamped and is placed in booth, continue 5～7 days, in booth, relative air humidity remains on 80～85%;
(6) hanging bag: after the tramline of bacterium bag ear mouth forms, the bacterium bag is sling up and down successively with 2 or 3 nylon ropes, distance on every group of rope between adjacent two bacterium bags is no less than 20cm, the bacterium bag is arranged with " product " font in the horizontal direction, lateral separation between bacterium bag on the two adjacent groups rope is no less than 25 cm, the bacterium bag of below 30～50cm overhead;
(7) vernalization management: Pig is forbidden watering in first 2 ~ 3 days, temperature of shed is controlled at 20～25 ℃, relative moisture remains on 80～85%, after bacterium bag mycelia recovers, intermittently spray water every day on the bacterium bag, relative moisture remains on 85～90%, forbid during this time watering heavy water, keep ventilating, continue 7～10 days; Differentiate auricle to the fruit body edge;
(8) auricle growing season management: after group solid edge fate dissolves auricle, carry out batch (-type) and pour water and ventilate, make temperature of shed remain on 20～28 ℃, relative moisture remains on 90 ~ 95%;
(9) gather and change of tide management: start to gather when auricularia auriculajudae is sagging in one's ear, after the damp auricularia auriculajudae of often having gathered, shine bag 5 ~ 7 days, then watered, make the relative moisture in canopy remain on 80～85%, temperature is controlled at below 28 ℃;
(10) the bacterium bag lands and adopts the top ear: after having adopted 3 ~ 4 damp ears, the bacterium bag is landed, at bacterium bag top end opening, make humidity in canopy remain on 80～85%, after the ear maturation of top, adopted ear.
Mid-early maturity kind in described step (1) is black prestige 15, No. 1, male ear, new century No. 4, male 2008-4 or black A; The span of the booth described in step (2) is 8 ~ 10 meters, rises 2.8 ~ 3.5 meters, 1.8 ~ 2.0 meters of shoulder heights, and booth top and surrounding are coated with plastic foil and sunshade net; Sterilisation step described in step (3) is: first ground in canopy watered permeablely, then spreads on the ground one deck quicklime, then pad on the ground the thick thin river sand of one deck straw screen or mat, shading screen or 5cm, and finally that booth is airtight with the precious fumigation of mushroom; In step (5) opening of bacterium bag be shaped as " 1 " shape, " Y " shape or " O " shape, opening diameter is 0.3 ~ 0.4cm, 180～220 of open amount, the method that after opening, the bacterium bag adopts code to stamp is sealed management; The mode of step (6) Pig is: take 2 ~ 3 ropes as one group, the rope upper end is fixed on the frame cross bar, and the rope lower end is tied, then by the bacterium sackholder this group rope in the middle of, finally the rope between each bacterium bag is tightened; Bacterium bag top end opening described in step (10) be shaped as "+" shape or " # " shape; In step (10), the bacterium bag takes off bag fully by the bacterium bag after landing.
The present invention compares and can have following beneficial effect with the above-mentioned background technology: this woodear canopy chamber stereo cultivation method, by above-mentioned processing step, is compared with canopy chamber Pig, and changing " string bag " is " holder bag ", has reduced pollution rate; Change out large " V " shape mouth little for opening " 1 ", " Y ", " O " shape mouth, improved quality; Open amount is increased to 180～220 by 10～12, has guaranteed output; The booth height also is increased to 180～320m, is conducive to ventilation; Kind also accordingly from large, ear is neat, thick, black to going out for the kind of cosmos, many muscle arteries and veins, monolithic, unrooted, few muscle arteries and veins or without the mid-early maturity kind transformation of muscle arteries and veins; Scientific utilization woven straw, sunshade net, plastic film, equipment of sprinkler irrigation are effectively regulated temperature of shed, humidity, ventilation, have avoided the generation of the diseases such as " burning bacterium ", green mold; The generation of " stream ear ", " rotten ear ", " yellow ear ", " thin ear " that utilized " shining bag ", the measure such as gather in time to prevent.Woodear canopy chamber vertical cultivation heat and moisture preserving is good, and under equal area, it puts quantity is to plant traditionally 5～6 times of auricularia auriculajudae, high to the availability in space; The fruit body economic characters are good, do not spray any agricultural chemicals, pollution-free, green organic; Moisture and pluck simplely, the efficiency of management is high; In continuously overcast and rainy, plastic film is covered, the phenomenon of the stream ear of avoiding extreme weather to cause, rotten ear occurs, and anti-extreme weather ability is strong.
Embodiment
Embodiment
(1) bacterial classification is selected
The bacterial classification of canopy chamber vertical cultivation woodear is generally selected the mid-early maturity kind, and early growth and quick tiller, to go out ear neat, and product are of fine quality, thick, black, monolithic, unrooted, few muscle arteries and veins.
The woodear kind of the three-dimensional Pig cultivation in suitable canopy chamber is: lucky assorted No. 1, black prestige 15, No. 1, male ear, new century No. 4, have a good harvest No. 2, male 2008-4, Black Hills, black A or prolong special 5.
(2) place is selected and scaffolding structure
The cultivation place be chosen in the well-ventilated, on the sunny side, water source is clean, sufficient, the ambient contamination source is few, not water, do not sink, the plot of Land leveling.Three-dimensional Pig booth can be built with steel frame construction (dividing again coating steel pipe and reinforcing bar material) or timber structure.Booth span 8～10m, length is determined with cultivation quantity according to the cultivation place, and booth length is no more than 35 meters, mostly be east-west, when the area often scraping southeaster, the canopy chamber hour, can adopt the ventilation of opening the door of thing both sides, canopy chamber, " draught " ventilation effect is better.But booth length surpasses 35 meters, and General Requirements is south-north direction, and exhaust outlet is located at the thing both sides, be beneficial to and ventilate and reduce the humidity in canopy, the booth of south-north direction, the bacterium bag is subject to light better; General 1m
2booth can hang 80～100 bags.Booth is risen 2.8～3.5m, shoulder height 1.8～2.0m left and right.Early spring, cultivation should all cover one deck plastic foil in top and the surrounding of booth, covered one deck sunshade net (sunshade degree 85～95%) on plastic foil again, for insulation, moisturizing, shelter from heat or light and prevent that rainfall is excessive.Steel-framed structural greenhouse be divided into again the frame integral type and frame split type, the frame integral type be lifting rope with regard to bolt on the booth main body frame.Frame is split type is that booth separates with the framework of rope, and canopy is canopy, and frame is frame.Adopt the split type booth of frame to carry out Pig production more firm.The three-dimensional Pig reinforcing bar of canopy formula integral structure framework, every ten thousand bags need 1～1.5 ten thousand yuan of investment.Coating steel pipe split-type structural framework, every ten thousand bags need 2～2.5 ten thousand yuan of investments.
(3) sterilization in canopy
According to the width of booth, place some cross bars on the canopy inner frame, tie up lifting rope for bolt.Every two cross bars are one group, in group, about cross bar spacing 30cm, reserve the distance in " passageway " between every group of cross bar, general 50～60cm.Every group of cross bar length is determined according to the length of booth.Spread one of water spraying pipeline in " passageway " top, and press the dazzling upper nozzle of pressing of " product " font every the 60cm place above supervisor.But the scope of shower nozzle covering radius 1m～2m, water, through shower nozzle, is vaporific fan-shaped ejection under certain pressure.
After treating that three-dimensional Pig booth framework is built, by ground in canopy, water permeable.Spread on the ground again one deck quicklime, prevent that miscellaneous bacteria from occurring.Can pad on the ground the thick thin river sand of one deck straw screen or mat, shading screen or 5cm, while preventing from watering, silt splashes on fruit body affects product quality.After handling ground, booth is airtight, with the precious fumigation of mushroom.
(4) batching of bacterium bag production, sterilizing, connect bacterium, to send out the technological processes such as bacterium in full accord with the ground black fungus cultivations.
Batching spring ear: 78% hardwood crumbs, 18% rice chaff, 2% bean powder, 1% gypsum, 1% lime (pH:7.5), water content 65% left and right.Autumn ear: 86% hardwood crumbs, 10% rice chaff, 2% bean powder, 1% gypsum, 1% lime (pH:7.5), water content 60% left and right.
Sterilizing normal-pressure sterilization: 1.1 kg/cm2(100 ℃) constant temperature 8-10 hour; Autoclaving: 1.2-1.5 kg/cm2(121-126 ℃) constant temperature 90-120 minute.
Connect bacterium and connect bacterium in strict accordance with sterile working.
Send out the bacterium lucifuge and cultivate 30-40 days, when cultivation of auricularia auricula bag mycelia is covered with the bacterium bag, after-ripening approximately 20 days, mycelial growth reaches physiological ripening.
(5) opening sealing management
After cultured bacterium bag is transported to canopy, use the tapping machine opening, open " 1 ", " Y " or " O " shape osculum, opening diameter 0.3～0.4cm, 180～220 of open amount.Open " 1 " shape mouth, the monolithic rate is high, it is neat to go out ear.After opening, bacterium bag code is stamped and is placed in booth, 4～5 layers of bacterium bag are high best, avoid the heap temperature too high.The plastic house shading screen shades, and requires astigmatism to irradiate, and adds relative air humidity in booth, reaches 80-85%, continues 5～7 days, makes bacterium bag mycelia seal out the ear mouth, and tramline forms, but hanging bag is gone out the syrinx reason.
(6) hanging bag
After tramline forms, on canopy inner frame cross bar, every 25 ~ 30cm place, by isosceles triangle, fasten two (or three) nylon ropes, and the bottom knotting.Then be clipped in the bacterium bag sack of scarfing on nylon rope down, then buckle the thin cleek (length is advisable with 5cm) of two buckle on two nylon ropes, by the bacterium sackholder between nylon rope, it is complete one bag capable of hoisting, second bag by same step by the holder of bacterium bag on thin cleek, till having hung by that analogy always.General every nylon rope can three-dimensional Pig 8～10 bags.During Pig, between every row, should be undertaken by " product " font, between bag and bag, distance should not be less than 20 centimetres, and between row and row, distance can not be less than 25 centimetres.The bacterium bag is 30～50cm left and right overhead, is beneficial to ventilation, prevents lopsided auricularia auriculajudae, improves output.The bacterium bag rocks with the wind in order to prevent from ventilating, and collision comes off the ear bud mutually, and the lifting rope bottom links together with rope, and wind is large more like this, and the bacterium bag can swing with the wind jointly, does not mutually collide.
(7) vernalization management
In bacterium bag hanging bag 2～3 days, cannot water, temperature will lean on shading screen and plastic film to regulate, and makes temperature be controlled at 20～25 ℃.On ground, water, make relative air humidity in canopy remain at 80% left and right, after recovering, 2～3 days bacterium bag mycelia on the bacterium bag, watered in the past, carry out the water spray at intermittence every day, make humidity reach 90%, this stage must guard against and waters heavy water, take moisturizing as main, ventilate to every day, continues 7～10 days, and the ear bud becomes the mung bean size.
(8) auricle growing season management
The fruit body edge differentiates auricle, and outwards stretch gradually, this stage should be strengthened gradually and be watered the water yield, strengthens and ventilates, and water spray is spray form water as far as possible, for guaranteeing that auricle is black, thick, suitably will control the auricle growth rate, temperature of shed surpasses 25 ℃ and does not water, and generally spray water to carrying out during this period of time intermittence before 9 of next day at afternoon 3 early spring, generally at afternoon 5, to 7 of next day, water during this period of time after May, make relative air humidity remain at 90～95%.Take batch (-type) to water, water 30 minutes, cut off the water 20 minutes, repeat 3～4 times.According to the temperature situation, put down the canopy film while generally watering, while not watering, canopy film and sunshade net are rolled onto to ceiling and are ventilated and shine bag.The water spray rear venting, ventilate 3～4 every day, and sky ventilates when hot sooner or later, and temperature ventilates when low at noon.Also can be by the lid shading screen when temperature high humility is large, raise the adjusting of ventilating of canopy surrounding plastic foil, be strictly on guard against hot and humid.
(9) gather and change of tide management
When the woodear auricle grows to 3～5cm, when sagging in one's ear, just can gather (5～6 minutes ripe), in booth the Pig cultivating black fungus in 4 months, the last ten-days period the first damp woodear of can gathering, the second damp woodear of gathering the first tenday period of a month in May, than ground with all light planting training 25～30 days in advance.Gather after auricularia auriculajudae, the plastic film of booth and sunshade net volume, to ceiling, are shone to bag 5～7 days, and then the management of watering, i.e. " dry wet " water management.Management is the key measure of avoiding the auricle jaundice " to shine bag ".Loseing that light, temperature are high, the auricle growth rate is too fast is yellow, the thin main cause of auricle.The general first every bag of damp woodear can be adopted dry ear 20～25g, and the auricle rounding, positive and negative is obvious, auricle is thick, the fruit body economic characters are good.The second damp syrinx reason method is roughly the same with the first damp ear, and it is key technology that large high humidity ventilates.3～4 damp ears of generally can gathering, produce dry ear 0.8-1.2 two/bag.
(10) the bacterium bag lands and adopts the top ear
After having adopted 3～4 damp ears, in the bacterium bag, the medium nutriment still can not transform, and the bacterium bag on lifting rope can be landed, open "+" or " # " shape mouth on top with blade, then intensive putting in canopy, water 4-5 time sooner or later, water 1 hour at every turn, stop 30 minutes.Additionally like this can adopt dry ear 0.3-0.4 two/bag.The bacterium bag landed also can take off bag management, but need to be covered sunshade net etc., carries out moisturizing, adopts the about every bag of 0.5 liang of left and right of dry ear.
Claims (8)
1. a woodear canopy chamber stereo cultivation method is characterized in that: comprise that concrete steps are as follows:
(1) bacterial classification is selected: select the mid-early maturity kind;
(2) booth is built: three-dimensional Pig booth is built with steel frame construction or timber structure, and it is east-west that booth length is no more than 35 meters employings, and booth length surpasses 35 meters and adopts south-north direction; Place some cross bars on the canopy inner frame, every two cross bars are one group, cross bar spacing 30cm left and right in group, and between every group of cross bar, distance is 50～60cm;
(3) sterilization in canopy;
(4) production of bacterium bag, sterilizing, connect bacterium, send out bacterium;
(5) opening and go out syrinx reason: cultured bacterium bag is transported in canopy, carried out opening, after opening, bacterium bag code is stamped and is placed in booth, continue 5～7 days, in booth, relative air humidity remains on 80～85%;
(6) hanging bag: after the tramline of bacterium bag ear mouth forms, the bacterium bag is sling up and down successively with 2 or 3 nylon ropes, distance on every group of rope between adjacent two bacterium bags is no less than 20cm, the bacterium bag is arranged with " product " font in the horizontal direction, lateral separation between bacterium bag on the two adjacent groups rope is no less than 25 cm, the bacterium bag of below 30～50cm overhead;
(7) vernalization management: Pig is forbidden watering in first 2 ~ 3 days, temperature of shed is controlled at 20～25 ℃, relative moisture remains on 80～85%, after bacterium bag mycelia recovers, intermittently spray water every day on the bacterium bag, relative moisture remains on 85～90%, forbid during this time watering heavy water, keep ventilating, continue 7～10 days; Differentiate auricle to the fruit body edge;
(8) auricle growing season management: after group solid edge fate dissolves auricle, carry out batch (-type) and pour water and ventilate, make temperature of shed remain on 20～28 ℃, relative moisture remains on 90 ~ 95%;
(9) gather and change of tide management: start to gather when auricularia auriculajudae is sagging in one's ear, after the damp auricularia auriculajudae of often having gathered, shine bag 5 ~ 7 days, then watered, make the relative moisture in canopy remain on 80～85%, temperature is controlled at below 28 ℃;
(10) the bacterium bag lands and adopts the top ear: after having adopted 3 ~ 4 damp ears, the bacterium bag is landed, at bacterium bag top end opening, make humidity in canopy remain on 80～85%, after the ear maturation of top, adopted ear.
2. a kind of woodear canopy according to claim 1 chamber stereo cultivation method is characterized in that: the mid-early maturity kind described in step (1) is black prestige 15, No. 1, male ear, new century No. 4, male 2008-4 or black A.
3. a kind of woodear canopy according to claim 1 chamber stereo cultivation method, it is characterized in that: the span of the booth described in step (2) is 8 ~ 10 meters, rise 2.8 ~ 3.5 meters, 1.8 ~ 2.0 meters of shoulder heights, booth top and surrounding are coated with plastic foil and sunshade net.
4. a kind of woodear canopy according to claim 1 chamber stereo cultivation method, it is characterized in that: the sterilisation step described in step (3) is: first by ground in canopy, water permeable, spread on the ground again one deck quicklime, then pad on the ground the thick thin river sand of one deck straw screen or mat, shading screen or 5cm, finally that booth is airtight with the precious fumigation of mushroom.
5. a kind of woodear canopy according to claim 1 chamber stereo cultivation method, it is characterized in that: the opening of bacterium bag is shaped as " 1 " shape, " Y " shape or " O " shape in step (5), opening diameter is 0.3 ~ 0.4cm, 180～220 of open amount, the method that after opening, the bacterium bag adopts code to stamp is sealed management.
6. a kind of woodear canopy according to claim 1 chamber stereo cultivation method, it is characterized in that: the mode of step (6) Pig is: take 2 ~ 3 ropes as one group, the rope upper end is fixed on the frame cross bar, the rope lower end is tied, then by the bacterium sackholder this group rope in the middle of, finally the rope between each bacterium bag is tightened.
7. a kind of woodear canopy according to claim 1 chamber stereo cultivation method is characterized in that: the bacterium bag top end opening described in step (10) be shaped as "+" shape or " # " shape.
8. a kind of woodear canopy according to claim 1 chamber stereo cultivation method, is characterized in that: after the middle bacterium bag of step (10) lands, the bacterium bag is taken off to bag fully.
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| CN103918484A (en) * | 2014-05-06 | 2014-07-16 | 围场满族蒙古族自治县佳泽食用菌种植有限公司 | Three-dimensional hanging bag cultivation method of organic wood ear mushroom |
| CN103960045A (en) * | 2014-05-14 | 2014-08-06 | 谢光玉 | Method for cultivating white funguses through fiber-shaped sugarcane stalks |
| CN104221704B (en) * | 2014-09-22 | 2016-08-24 | 东北林业大学 | A kind of method of Auricularia hanging bag cultivation |
| CN104221704A (en) * | 2014-09-22 | 2014-12-24 | 东北林业大学 | Bag hanging cultivation method of auricularia auricula |
| CN104285675A (en) * | 2014-10-27 | 2015-01-21 | 唐山市农业科学研究院 | Black fungus cultivation method and special stringing rack thereof |
| CN104381025A (en) * | 2014-12-12 | 2015-03-04 | 黑龙江省林副特产研究所 | Greenhouse cultivation method of black fungi |
| CN104472225A (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2015-04-01 | 天津市金三农农业科技开发有限公司 | Method for planting fungus by using elevated fungus bags in greenhouse in Gobi desert |
| CN104604520A (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2015-05-13 | 朝阳健源食用菌有限公司 | Intra-facility stereo cultivation method for oyster mushrooms |
| CN104541993A (en) * | 2015-02-05 | 2015-04-29 | 东宁县食用菌研发中心 | Greenhouse hanging bag cultivation method for spring agaric |
| CN106258469A (en) * | 2015-05-18 | 2017-01-04 | 唐秀克 | A kind of cultivation of auricularia auricula method |
| CN104926442A (en) * | 2015-06-03 | 2015-09-23 | 广西大学 | Culture medium for improving quality of black fungus |
| CN105557309A (en) * | 2016-01-04 | 2016-05-11 | 山东省科创食用菌产业技术研究院 | Greenhouse sack hanging pinhole single-piece culture method for auricularia fuscosuccinea |
| CN105557309B (en) * | 2016-01-04 | 2019-04-26 | 山东省科创食用菌产业技术研究院 | A kind of jade agaric greenhouse hanging bag aperture monolithic cultural method |
| CN105961027A (en) * | 2016-06-01 | 2016-09-28 | 辽宁三友农业生物科技有限公司 | Auricularia fuscosuccinea hanging bag cultivation frame |
| CN108739077A (en) * | 2018-06-24 | 2018-11-06 | 镇安县秦绿食品有限公司 | A kind of three-dimensional tower type agaric plantation frame and fungus cultivation method |
| CN109258292A (en) * | 2018-11-27 | 2019-01-25 | 贵州高原蓝梦菇业科技有限公司 | A method of it can shelter from rain cultivating black fungus using the cooperation of connecting rod suspension hook |
| CN111919659A (en) * | 2020-04-26 | 2020-11-13 | 柞水县金鑫菌业发展有限公司 | Bag hanging cultivation method for black fungus |
| CN114946521A (en) * | 2021-07-21 | 2022-08-30 | 北京市农林科学院 | Method for efficiently cultivating Auricularia fuscosuccinea based on high shed of forest land |
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