CN104186155B - A kind of intensive integrated day-light greenhouse winter spring stubble autumn cucumber green high-efficient cultivation method - Google Patents
A kind of intensive integrated day-light greenhouse winter spring stubble autumn cucumber green high-efficient cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104186155B CN104186155B CN201410418995.3A CN201410418995A CN104186155B CN 104186155 B CN104186155 B CN 104186155B CN 201410418995 A CN201410418995 A CN 201410418995A CN 104186155 B CN104186155 B CN 104186155B
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of intensive integrated day-light greenhouse winter spring stubble autumn cucumber green high-efficient cultivation method, belong to green vegetables production technical field.Technical scheme is: adopt the main climing melon that surely saves that stays being conducive to female series cucumber growth to fall at any time climing culture technique, build greenhouse by solar heat damage by disease and insect prevention and control system, the pre-preventing disease and pests of equipment such as built-in insect protected guipure, dielectric fluke plate, electrostatic insect killing lamp and greenhouse electricity demist disease prevention growth-promoting system are adopted to occur, realize fruit without pesticide producing, with the bacterial manure that the edaphon effect of ox horn dress cow dung 180d is made, there is acceleration organic mineralization, be beneficial to and activate and discharge nutrient in soil.Circular diplopore 60g peat nutritive cube is abutted against nursery, and the sowing of anvil fringe survives slow seedling on same nutritive cube after grafting fast, grafting robust growth, and nutritive cube entirety is transplanted, and do not have seedling-slowing stage, plant strain growth is fast.The present invention is to put prevention first, and whole breeding time realizes without pesticide producing, and after New Year's Day to the Spring Festival, the cucumber product of two months reaches 3000kg, and benefit is splendid.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of intensive integrated day-light greenhouse winter spring stubble autumn cucumber green high-efficient cultivation method, belong to green vegetables production technical field.
Background technology
Cucumber be a kind of be loved by the people eat one of vegetables raw, in greenhouse by solar heat off-season cultivation, proportion is larger, save (New Year's Day, Spring Festival) with China traditional two during the stubble fruit harvesting of Winter-Spring to overlap, price is higher, the planting type of background technology often improves output and pesticide control damage by disease and insect to use chemical fertilizer in a large number, cause soil acidification in greenhouse, cucumber remains of pesticide is more and jeopardize health; The grafting adopting conventional seedbed system technology to cultivate needs to prepare matrix, and scion and stock need to cultivate respectively, need stock and scion to take off during grafting, again plant after grafting again, and time-consuming, slow seedling becomes current longer.Tradition autumn cucumber kind, can not ensure that often saving position has female flower to sit melon, make plant tall and big, impact is ventilated.During application female series kind, do not notice that just melon is selected and remain position, occur later stage plant senesecence, affect later stage output.Because winter-spring cucumber growing period often runs into diastrous weather, chamber facility does not configure corresponding equipment, occurs that diastrous weather can only rely on restraining oneself of cucumber plant self to bear, and causes plant dead, bring heavy economic losses to production time serious.Greenhouse environment is a semi-closed system, and gas only relies on ventilation to regulate and control, and can not meet cucumber in solar-greenhouse high-yield condition to gas CO
2the demand of raw material, yields poorly.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of intensive integrated day-light greenhouse winter spring stubble autumn cucumber green high-efficient cultivation method, to put prevention first, whole breeding time realizes without pesticide producing, grafting robust growth, saving of labor, water-fertilizer integral using water wisely, can give full play to knot melon morning and the close feature of joint melon of female series kind, ensure that the Product supply during two joints, solve the problems referred to above that background technology exists.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of intensive integrated day-light greenhouse winter spring stubble autumn cucumber green high-efficient cultivation method, comprises following processing step:
1. greenhouse by solar heat damage by disease and insect prevention and control system is built
Greenhouse by solar heat damage by disease and insect prevention and control system is made up of built-in insect protected guipure, dielectric fluke plate, electrostatic insect killing lamp and greenhouse electricity demist disease prevention growth-promoting system;
Built-in insect protected guipure: each fly net of place 50 orders, mesh diameter 0.4mm that leaks informaton inside greenhouse by solar heat, fly net isolation strip is set, intercept adult to enter, the fly net at front roof ground connection place, greenhouse is real by soil pressure, the place of seam fits together perfectly, greenhouse door establishes double-deck fly net, arranges polychrome dielectric fluke plate inside enabling place; Pass in and out as administrative staff in the blink in greenhouse, the insect entered with people runs into the special tone of colour table to be stimulated, and can be killed by the light of nature, reduce the individual amount of external intrusion insect towards colour table motion by dielectric fluke plate;
Dielectric fluke plate, electrostatic insect killing lamp, for trapping and killing the adult that slips through the net; Polychrome dielectric fluke plate, is made up of high voltage source, substrate, dielectric coat, yellow, blue wear-resistant protective layer; Utilize adult to love look, adopt colour table to add dielectric adsorption technology and the adult of insect is attracted to plate cements and kills; Every 20m in greenhouse
2put a polychrome dielectric fluke plate, be suspended on above cucumber plant by polychrome dielectric fluke plate, bottom exceeds plant l0cm ~ 15cm, traps and kills the diurnal adult that slips through the net, and the plate face of polychrome dielectric fluke plate is clean with wet rag erasing in time; Electrostatic insect killing lamp is made up of insect killing lamp cylindrical shell, pallet, light trap, light-controller, high-field electrode; Every 667m
23 electrostatic insect killing lamps hung by the even cloth in greenhouse;
Greenhouse electricity demist disease prevention growth-promoting system diseases prevention: the greenhouse electricity demist disease prevention growth-promoting system of employing, is made up of main power source, controller, 200m electrode wires, 20 suspension insulator four major parts; Controller and main power source are arranged on operation room wall, and on the bow member of electrode wires more than antenna height 2.3m, insulator comprises 1 band line insulator, 19 hanging wire insulators; Be fixed on the nearest ceiling girder steel of distance main power source by band line insulator, other insulators are evenly laid on ceiling girder steel by greenhouse length direction, and electrode wires is combined as a whole by the screw of insulator bottom;
2. cucumber cultivation
Prepared by soil beneficial microbe bacterial manure: make container with ox horn, fresh cow dung is raw material, the ox horn filling fresh cow dung is imbedded 1.5m place, underground, transforms, become soil beneficial microbe bacterial manure through 180 days edaphons;
Fruit variety: require low temperature resistant, the low light level, anti-epidemic disease ability is strong, and fruit grows fast kind under cryogenic;
Cultivate healthy and strong anosis worm grafting; Late September, at warm indoor raising of seedling;
Stock and cucumber seeds sterilization, seed soaking and vernalization: first to soak seed 20min with 10% trisodium phosphate solution, pre-anti-virus, use 25% metalaxyl wetting powder, 800 times of liquid again, seed soaking 20min, prevent fungal disease in seedling stage, finally with 1,000,000 unit agricultural streptomycin, 500 times of dilution seed soaking 2h, bacteriological protection venereal disease evil; All rinse well with clear water after each seed soaking sterilization, dry in the shade; Seed Seed soaking 6h at the temperature of 25 ~ 30 DEG C after sterilization; Before vernalization, seed is pulled out from water, wrap with wet cloth, be placed in container, be placed in 25 ~ 30 DEG C of indoor vernalization; Every 6h warm water rinse 1 time, show money or valuables one carries unintentionally to seed;
Sowing: adopt circular diplopore 60g peat nutritive cube to be carrier, diplopore is respectively macropore and aperture; By compacting paving layer of polyethylene film smooth bottom seedbed, put nutritive cube by spacing 3cm; With watering can from top to bottom to nutritive cube water spray, film has stop-spraying after ponding, sprays, 6 times repeatedly, until nutritive cube expands completely after ponding blots again; To place after 12h simple grain program request cucumber seeds in aperture, broadcast simple grain fig-leaf gourd seed in macropore after 7 days, seed keeps flat in cave, above covers the vermiculite that 1.5cm is thick; Broadcast rear maintenance nutritive cube moisture sufficient;
Grafting: the sowing of anvil fringe is on same nutritive cube, when scion rough leaf launch there is half a buck size, fig-leaf gourd cotyledon starts grafting when launching completely, adopt inarching method grafting, scion cucumber plant is cut off after scion grafting survival, cucumber seedling is separated with self root system, starts to utilize allosome fig-leaf gourd Root Absorption moisture and mineral nutrition; Grafting root system is covered with nutritive cube, and white tender of point slightly exposes, and timely field planting, prevents root system aging, experienced seedling of cutting off the water before field planting; Nursery stage temperature treatment: daytime 30 DEG C in seeding stage, night 20 DEG C, Seedling Stage daytime 25 ~ 28 DEG C, night 13 ~ 15 DEG C, humidity 80% ~ 90%;
3. wholely, apply fertilizer, do furrow, spreading, film under lay drip irrigation pipe
Female series cucumber knot melon is good, and fertilizer requirement is large, must have sufficient base fertilizer;
Soil deep tillage 30cm in greenhouse, applies 5000kg/667m
2decomposed manure, potassium sulfate 10kg/667m
2with diammonium phosphate 20kg/667m
2make base manure; North-south Da Long, wide 40cm, high 25cm, distance between the ridges 80cm; To imbed the ox horn taking-up of the ground second half year, the cow dung in ox horn changes into bacterial manure, puts into bucket and adds water, repeatedly stir with waddy, until bacterial manure disperses completely, then carries on the back to ridge by atomizers spray, with rake mixing, and bacterial manure consumption 4kg/667m
2;
Adopt under-film drip irrigation system supply moisture, drip irrigation equipment adopts the anti-aging pipe of 50mmPE to be responsible for as drip irrigation, to be responsible for by greenhouse length to the outside being laid on the close pavement of rear wall, the flat pressure drip irrigation pipe of 16mmPE internally-inlaid selected by hollow billet, dripping end flow 2L/h, lay drip irrigation pipe, two water droppers are 35cm apart, spreading in drip irrigation pipe;
4. field planting
Late October, field planting; Planting pit is dug, 2800 strains/667m apart from water dropper 3cm position by spacing in the rows 40cm
2; By grafting field planting in planting pit, fill and lead up planting pit with the ridge soil taken out; After field planting, furrow waters, and makes water infiltrate into water suction in nutritive cube to both sides, ridge sufficient;
5. prune, draw climing, except tendril
Female series cucumber, based on main climing knot melon, is extractd all side shoots, draws climing lifting rope in time during climing long 30cm, occur that tendril is extractd in time;
6. melon is dredged
Female series cucumber joint position is low, removes the flower of below 5 joint positions, is beneficial to adjustment and nourishes and grows and reproductive growth, in case plant early ageing, and high price melon output during ensureing two joints;
7. gather with fall climing
Autumn cucumber fruit growth speed is fast, gathers in time, pluck in melon process the seedling that will fall at any time when fruit reaches commodity maturation, keeps rice shoot height consistent;
8. integrated water and fertilizer management
The moisture of field planting after 1 week is supplied by drip irrigation system, and the initial stage irrigated once at interval of 3 days, and each 30min, topdresses after 5 joint melons are occupied stably, and imposes urea 5kg/667m as an aqueous solution with dripping irrigation water by Development of Venturi Fertilizer Applicator
2with NPK Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 5kg/667m
2; Cold season, cloudy snow sky, haze sky extend interval and reduce the drip irrigation time in right amount, to keep ground temperature.Knot melon contain during every 2d drip irrigation 1 time; The knot melon phase of containing needs purity nitrogen 2.6kg, phosphorus pentoxide 1.5kg, potassium oxide 3.5kg, calcium oxide 2.5kg, magnesium 0.5kg ratio Fertigation by production 1000kg cucumber.
Present invention process step also comprises sunlight indoor envirobnmental control:
After field planting, start greenhouse by solar heat damage by disease and insect prevention and control system; Dielectric fluke plate, electrostatic insect killing lamp remain on 15 ~ 20cm position above plant, and height should adjust in time with plant strain growth; Greenhouse electricity demist disease prevention growth-promoting system adopts stops 30min/ work 30min pattern, prevents the generation of disease;
Temperature and gas delivery: with greenhouse temperature increasing hot-blast stove and add gentle flue gas electrodecontamination CO temporarily
2gaseous fertilizer apparatus regulating and controlling temperature and indoor CO
2concentration;
Be equipped with greenhouse temperature increasing hot-blast stove in greenhouse as provisional warming-up device, run into low temperature and less sunshine, haze, cloudy day, snowfall, the strong wind diastrous weathers such as there's a sudden fall in temperature, temperature is enabled hot-blast stove in time lower than 8 DEG C and is heated, and avoids cucumber plant to be subject to chilling damage.During cucumber growth, day temperature 25 ~ 32 DEG C, is not less than 10 DEG C night;
Configuration flue gas electrodecontamination CO
2gaseous fertilizer apparatus supplements indoor CO
2gas, can significantly increase plant strain growth gesture and cucumber yield.YD-660 type flue gas electrodecontamination CO
2gaseous fertilizer apparatus: be made up of flue gas electrodecontamination main frame, Smoking pipe, snorkel, liquid fertilizer pipe.CO
2gaseous fertilizer apparatus main frame is fixed on the rear wall in the middle of greenhouse, and the soft first end of Smoking pipe and pipe clamp are inserted on the smoke-intake pipe of main frame lower end, and tightens and fix.In flue with coal stove for heating in the insertion greenhouse, one end of stainless-steel pipe, the degree of depth reaches 35mm.Blast pipe snorkel one end and pipe clamp being inserted in main frame upper end is tightened and reinforced, and another termination threeway makes the CO of generation
2extend to two ends, greenhouse along greenhouse length direction, end seals, snorkel is laid on 1.2 ~ 1.5m place, ground, and on snorkel, punching is used for CO
2release.Flexible plastic tube is screwed on the flow liquid mouth of main frame bottom, and tight with lesser calorie subcard.After installing, light warming stove, switch on power and can supply CO
2.Can be received and kept by liquid with bottle when liquid fertilizer pipe is full of yellow liquid, yellow liquid is fertile main containing a large amount of available nitrogen, sulphur and bicarbonate radicals and Trace Potassium, and add clear water in the ratio of 1:30 and can become quick-acting fertilizer use, growth-promoting effect is very remarkable.
Flue gas electrodecontamination CO
2when Gaseous fertilizer apparatus newly grows 2 after field planting, now plant 5 is saved position flower and is formed, and starts to start work.Service time is that after fine day takes off curtain, 30min starts to stop using gaseous fertilizer to 30min before leaking informaton, and do not execute in the afternoon.
Greenhouse by solar heat ventilation mainly discharges indoor harmful gas, supplements CO
2with reduction humidity, drip irrigation under film is adopted to reduce humidity Be very effective.When indoor temperature 32 DEG C, CO
2concentration reaches 1500mg/m
3~ 1800mg/m
3time photosynthesis the strongest, supplement CO
2, ventilate when warm indoor temperature is more than 32 DEG C, exhale pernicious gases, fine day room temperature is ventilated lower than stopping in time when 32 DEG C, closes and puts sealing.When warm indoor temperature is no more than 32 DEG C, generally ventilate 20min ~ 30min, cloudy 10min.
The intensive integrated day-light greenhouse winter spring stubble autumn cucumber green high-efficient culture technique of the present invention, it is the input by increasing greenhouse by solar heat environment conditioning facility and damage by disease and insect prevention and control systems equipment, the main climing melon that surely saves that stays being conducive to female series cucumber growth is adopted to fall at any time climing culture technique, build greenhouse by solar heat damage by disease and insect prevention and control system, adopt built-in insect protected guipure, dielectric fluke plate, the pre-preventing disease and pests of equipment such as electrostatic insect killing lamp and greenhouse electricity demist disease prevention growth-promoting system occur, realize fruit without pesticide producing, with the bacterial manure that the edaphon effect of ox horn dress cow dung 180d is made, there is acceleration organic mineralization, be beneficial to and activate and discharge nutrient in soil, for cucumber plant growth.Circular diplopore 60g peat nutritive cube is abutted against nursery, and the sowing of anvil fringe survives slow seedling on same nutritive cube after grafting fast, grafting robust growth, and nutritive cube entirety is transplanted, and do not have seedling-slowing stage, plant strain growth is fast.Greenhouse electricity demist disease prevention growth-promoting system discharge can generate nitrous acid gas, forms the nitrate nitrogen that can utilize for plant absorption, play the effect of fertilising after meeting water.Utilize flue gas electrodecontamination CO
2gaseous fertilizer apparatus supplements CO
2gas applies fertilizer, and can play the photosynthesis of blade to greatest extent, to fruit conveying product, and output increased.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the present invention is to put prevention first, whole breeding time realizes without pesticide producing, circular diplopore 60g peat nutritive cube is utilized to be abutted against nursery, grafting robust growth, saving of labor, water-fertilizer integral using water wisely, reduces warm indoor air humidity, is conducive to the physics prevention and control of plant diseases.Regulation and control plant reproduction with nourish and grow, female series autumn cucumber stays 5 joint position root melons, knot melon early 1 week, and the knot melon that can give full play to female series kind is early and save the close feature of melon.Flue gas electrodecontamination CO
2gaseous fertilizer apparatus supplements indoor CO
2gas gives full play to the instinct of volume increase, ensure that the Product supply during two joints, makes its output reach 5000kg/667m
2, after New Year's Day to the Spring Festival, the cucumber product of two months reaches 3000kg, and benefit is splendid, and this technical value must be produced and be applied.
Embodiment
Below by way of example, the invention will be further described.
A kind of intensive integrated day-light greenhouse winter spring stubble autumn cucumber green high-efficient cultivation method, comprises following processing step:
1. greenhouse by solar heat damage by disease and insect prevention and control system is built
Greenhouse by solar heat damage by disease and insect prevention and control system is made up of built-in insect protected guipure, dielectric fluke plate, electrostatic insect killing lamp and greenhouse electricity demist disease prevention growth-promoting system;
Built-in insect protected guipure: each fly net of place 50 orders, mesh diameter 0.4mm that leaks informaton inside greenhouse by solar heat, fly net isolation strip is set, intercept adult to enter, the fly net at front roof ground connection place, greenhouse is real by soil pressure, the place of seam fits together perfectly, greenhouse door establishes double-deck fly net, arranges polychrome dielectric fluke plate inside enabling place; Pass in and out as administrative staff in the blink in greenhouse, the insect entered with people runs into the special tone of colour table to be stimulated, and can be killed by the light of nature, reduce the individual amount of external intrusion insect towards colour table motion by dielectric fluke plate;
Dielectric fluke plate, electrostatic insect killing lamp, for trapping and killing the adult that slips through the net; Polychrome dielectric fluke plate (Dalian agricultural mechanization Research Institute), is made up of high voltage source, substrate, dielectric coat, yellow, blue wear-resistant protective layer; Utilize adult to love look, adopt colour table to add dielectric adsorption technology and the adult of insect is attracted to plate cements and kills; Every 20m in greenhouse
2put a polychrome dielectric fluke plate, be suspended on above cucumber plant by polychrome dielectric fluke plate, bottom exceeds plant l0cm ~ 15cm, traps and kills the diurnal adult that slips through the net, and the plate face of polychrome dielectric fluke plate is clean with wet rag erasing in time; Electrostatic insect killing lamp is 3DJ-200 type Multifunctional electrostatic insect killing lamp (Dalian agricultural mechanization Research Institute), is made up of insect killing lamp cylindrical shell, pallet, light trap, light-controller, high-field electrode; Deinsectization cylindrical shell is divided into and lures worm blue and yellow two kinds, yellow lures yellow aphid, trialeurodes vaporariorum, liriomyza bryoniae etc. close to deinsectization cylindrical shell, blueness lures thrips close to deinsectization cylindrical shell, and light trap attracts the insects such as coleopteran pest, lepidoptera pest, mosquito, fly to kill; Every 667m
23 electrostatic insect killing lamps hung by the even cloth in greenhouse;
Greenhouse electricity demist disease prevention growth-promoting system diseases prevention: adopt 3DFC-600 type greenhouse electricity demist disease prevention growth-promoting system (production of field, Huhehaote City hundred million agricultural equipment Co., Ltd), be made up of main power source, controller, 200m electrode wires, 20 suspension insulator four major parts; Controller and main power source are arranged on operation room wall, and on the bow member of electrode wires more than antenna height 2.3m, insulator comprises 1 band line insulator, 19 hanging wire insulators; Be fixed on the nearest ceiling girder steel of distance main power source by band line insulator, other insulators are evenly laid on ceiling girder steel by greenhouse length direction together, and electrode wires is combined as a whole by the screw of insulator bottom;
2. cucumber cultivation
Prepared by soil beneficial microbe bacterial manure: make container with ox horn, fresh cow dung is raw material, the ox horn filling fresh cow dung is imbedded 1.5m place, underground, transforms, become soil beneficial microbe bacterial manure through 180 days edaphons;
Fruit variety: require low temperature resistant, the low light level, anti-epidemic disease ability is strong, and fruit grows fast kind under cryogenic; Female series Tang Qiu 208, Tang Qiu 209 that such as Tangshan academy of agricultural sciences is bred as;
Cultivate healthy and strong anosis worm grafting; Late September, at warm indoor raising of seedling;
Stock and cucumber seeds sterilization, seed soaking and vernalization: first to soak seed 20min with 10% trisodium phosphate solution, pre-anti-virus, use 25% metalaxyl wetting powder, 800 times of liquid again, seed soaking 20min, prevent fungal disease in seedling stage, finally with 1,000,000 unit agricultural streptomycin, 500 times of dilution seed soaking 2h, bacteriological protection venereal disease evil; All rinse well with clear water after each seed soaking sterilization, dry in the shade; Seed Seed soaking 6h at the temperature of 25 ~ 30 DEG C after sterilization; Before vernalization, seed is pulled out from water, wrap with wet cloth, be placed in container, be placed in 25 ~ 30 DEG C of indoor vernalization; Every 6h warm water rinse 1 time, show money or valuables one carries unintentionally to seed;
Sowing: adopt circular diplopore 60g peat nutritive cube (Lushikong Science & Tech. Co., Ltd., Beijing's production) to be carrier, diplopore is respectively macropore and aperture; By compacting paving layer of polyethylene film smooth bottom seedbed, put nutritive cube by spacing 3cm; With watering can from top to bottom to nutritive cube water spray, film has stop-spraying after ponding, sprays, 6 times repeatedly, until nutritive cube expands completely (pricking matrix without hard-core with toothpick) after ponding blots again; To place after 12h simple grain program request cucumber seeds in aperture, broadcast simple grain fig-leaf gourd seed in macropore after 7 days, seed keeps flat in cave, above covers the vermiculite that 1.5cm is thick; Broadcast rear maintenance nutritive cube moisture sufficient;
Grafting: the sowing of anvil fringe is on same nutritive cube, when scion rough leaf launch there is half a buck size, fig-leaf gourd cotyledon starts grafting when launching completely, adopt inarching method grafting, scion cucumber plant is cut off after scion grafting survival, cucumber seedling is separated with self root system, starts to utilize allosome fig-leaf gourd Root Absorption moisture and mineral nutrition; Grafting root system is covered with nutritive cube, and white tender of point slightly exposes, and timely field planting, prevents root system aging, experienced seedling of cutting off the water before field planting; Nursery stage temperature treatment: daytime 30 DEG C in seeding stage, night 20 DEG C, Seedling Stage daytime 25 ~ 28 DEG C, night 13 ~ 15 DEG C, humidity 80% ~ 90%;
3. wholely, apply fertilizer, do furrow, spreading, film under lay drip irrigation pipe
Female series cucumber knot melon is good, and fertilizer requirement is large, must have sufficient base fertilizer;
Soil deep tillage 30cm in greenhouse, applies 5000kg/667m
2decomposed manure, potassium sulfate 10kg/667m
2with diammonium phosphate 20kg/667m
2make base manure; North-south Da Long, wide 40cm, high 25cm, distance between the ridges 80cm; To imbed the ox horn taking-up of the ground second half year, the cow dung in ox horn changes into bacterial manure, puts into bucket and adds water, repeatedly stir with waddy, until bacterial manure disperses completely, then carries on the back to ridge by atomizers spray, with rake mixing, and bacterial manure consumption 4kg/667m
2;
Adopt under-film drip irrigation system supply moisture, drip irrigation equipment adopts the anti-aging pipe of 50mmPE to be responsible for as drip irrigation, to be responsible for by greenhouse length to the outside being laid on the close pavement of rear wall, the flat pressure drip irrigation pipe of 16mmPE internally-inlaid selected by hollow billet, dripping end flow 2L/h, lay drip irrigation pipe, two water droppers are 35cm apart, spreading in drip irrigation pipe (namely under-film drip irrigation supplies water);
4. field planting
Late October, field planting; Planting pit (diameter just puts peat nutritive cube into, and the degree of depth is advisable lower than face, ridge 1cm with block) is dug, 2800 strains/667m apart from water dropper 3cm position by spacing in the rows 40cm
2; By grafting field planting in planting pit, fill and lead up planting pit with the ridge soil taken out; After field planting, furrow waters, and makes water infiltrate into water suction in nutritive cube to both sides, ridge sufficient;
5. prune, draw climing, except tendril
Female series cucumber, based on main climing knot melon, is extractd all side shoots, draws climing lifting rope in time during climing long 30cm, occur that tendril is extractd in time;
6. melon is dredged
Female series cucumber joint position is low, removes the flower of below 5 joint positions, is beneficial to adjustment and nourishes and grows and reproductive growth, in case plant early ageing, and high price melon output (after New Year's Day to the Spring Festival during two months, autumn cucumber quality better price is high) during ensureing two joints;
7. gather with fall climing
Autumn cucumber fruit growth speed is fast, gathers in time, pluck in melon process the seedling that will fall at any time when fruit reaches commodity maturation (the long 14cm of sugar-preserved gourd, weighs 140 ~ 160g) time, keeps rice shoot height consistent;
8. integrated water and fertilizer management
The moisture of field planting after 1 week is supplied by drip irrigation system, and the initial stage irrigated once at interval of 3 days, and each 30min, topdresses after 5 joint melons are occupied stably, and imposes urea 5kg/667m as an aqueous solution with dripping irrigation water by Development of Venturi Fertilizer Applicator
2with NPK Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 5kg/667m
2; Cold season, cloudy snow sky, haze sky extend interval and reduce the drip irrigation time in right amount, to keep ground temperature.Knot melon contain during every 2d drip irrigation 1 time;
The knot melon phase of containing needs purity nitrogen 2.6kg, phosphorus pentoxide 1.5kg, potassium oxide 3.5kg, calcium oxide 2.5kg, magnesium 0.5kg ratio Fertigation by production 1000kg cucumber.
Present invention process step also comprises sunlight indoor envirobnmental control:
After field planting, start greenhouse by solar heat damage by disease and insect prevention and control system; Dielectric fluke plate, electrostatic insect killing lamp remain on 15 ~ 20cm position above plant, and height should adjust in time with plant strain growth; Greenhouse electricity demist disease prevention growth-promoting system adopts stops 30min/ work 30min pattern, prevents the generation of disease;
Temperature and gas delivery: with greenhouse temperature increasing hot-blast stove (Rui Tian agrotechnique development corporation, Ltd. of BeiJing ZhongKe produces) and add gentle flue gas electrodecontamination CO temporarily
2gaseous fertilizer apparatus (production of Agricultural Mechanization Inst., Dalian City of Liaoning Province) regulating and controlling temperature and indoor CO
2concentration;
RFL-2 type greenhouse temperature increasing hot-blast stove is equipped with as provisional warming-up device in greenhouse, run into low temperature and less sunshine, haze, cloudy day, snowfall, the strong wind diastrous weathers such as there's a sudden fall in temperature, temperature is enabled hot-blast stove in time lower than 8 DEG C and is heated, and avoids cucumber plant to be subject to chilling damage.During cucumber growth, day temperature 25 ~ 32 DEG C, is not less than 10 DEG C night;
Configuration YD-660 type flue gas electrodecontamination CO
2gaseous fertilizer apparatus supplements indoor CO
2gas, can significantly increase plant strain growth gesture and cucumber yield.YD-660 type flue gas electrodecontamination CO
2gaseous fertilizer apparatus: be made up of flue gas electrodecontamination main frame, Smoking pipe, snorkel, liquid fertilizer pipe.CO
2gaseous fertilizer apparatus main frame is fixed on the rear wall in the middle of greenhouse, and the soft first end of Smoking pipe and pipe clamp are inserted on the smoke-intake pipe of main frame lower end, and tightens and fix.In flue with coal stove for heating in the insertion greenhouse, one end of stainless-steel pipe (interior with stainless steel wire group), the degree of depth reaches 35mm.Blast pipe snorkel one end and pipe clamp being inserted in main frame upper end is tightened and reinforced, and another termination threeway makes the CO of generation
2extend to two ends, greenhouse along greenhouse length direction, end seals, snorkel is erected at 1.2 ~ 1.5m place, ground, and on snorkel, punching is used for CO
2release.Flexible plastic tube is screwed on the flow liquid mouth of main frame bottom, and tight with lesser calorie subcard.After installing, light warming stove, switch on power and can supply CO
2.Can be received and kept by liquid with bottle when liquid fertilizer pipe is full of yellow liquid, yellow liquid is fertile main containing a large amount of available nitrogen, sulphur and bicarbonate radicals and Trace Potassium, and add clear water in the ratio of 1:30 and can become quick-acting fertilizer use, growth-promoting effect is very remarkable.
Flue gas electrodecontamination CO
2when Gaseous fertilizer apparatus newly grows 2 after field planting, now plant 5 is saved position flower and is formed, and starts to start work.Service time is that after fine day takes off curtain, 30min starts to stop using gaseous fertilizer to 30min before leaking informaton, and do not execute in the afternoon.
Greenhouse by solar heat ventilation mainly discharges indoor harmful gas, supplements CO
2with reduction humidity, drip irrigation under film is adopted to reduce humidity Be very effective.When indoor temperature 32 DEG C, CO
2concentration reaches 1500mg/m
3~ 1800mg/m
3time photosynthesis the strongest, supplement CO
2, ventilate when warm indoor temperature is more than 32 DEG C, exhale pernicious gases, fine day room temperature is ventilated lower than stopping in time when 32 DEG C, closes and puts sealing.When warm indoor temperature is no more than 32 DEG C, generally ventilate 20min ~ 30min, cloudy 10min.
The intensive integrated day-light greenhouse winter spring stubble autumn cucumber green high-efficient culture technique of the present invention, it is the input by increasing greenhouse by solar heat environment conditioning facility and damage by disease and insect prevention and control systems equipment, the main climing melon that surely saves that stays being conducive to female series cucumber growth is adopted to fall at any time climing culture technique, build greenhouse by solar heat damage by disease and insect prevention and control system, adopt built-in insect protected guipure, dielectric fluke plate, the pre-preventing disease and pests of equipment such as electrostatic insect killing lamp and greenhouse electricity demist disease prevention growth-promoting system occur, realize fruit without pesticide producing, with the bacterial manure that the edaphon effect of ox horn dress cow dung 180d is made, there is acceleration organic mineralization, be beneficial to and activate and discharge nutrient in soil, for cucumber plant growth.Circular diplopore 60g peat nutritive cube is abutted against nursery, and the sowing of anvil fringe survives slow seedling on same nutritive cube after grafting fast, grafting robust growth, and nutritive cube entirety is transplanted, and do not have seedling-slowing stage, plant strain growth is fast.Greenhouse electricity demist disease prevention growth-promoting system discharge can generate nitrous acid gas, forms the nitrate nitrogen that can utilize for plant absorption, play the effect of fertilising after meeting water.Utilize flue gas electrodecontamination CO
2gaseous fertilizer apparatus supplements CO
2gas applies fertilizer, and can play the photosynthesis of blade to greatest extent, to fruit conveying product, and output increased.
Claims (3)
1. an intensive integrated day-light greenhouse winter spring stubble autumn cucumber green high-efficient cultivation method, is characterized in that comprising following processing step:
1. greenhouse by solar heat damage by disease and insect prevention and control system is built
Greenhouse by solar heat damage by disease and insect prevention and control system is made up of built-in insect protected guipure, dielectric fluke plate, electrostatic insect killing lamp and greenhouse electricity demist disease prevention growth-promoting system;
Built-in insect protected guipure: each fly net of place 50 orders, mesh diameter 0.4mm that leaks informaton inside greenhouse by solar heat, fly net isolation strip is set, intercept adult to enter, the fly net at front roof ground connection place, greenhouse is real by soil pressure, the place of seam fits together perfectly, greenhouse door establishes double-deck fly net, arranges polychrome dielectric fluke plate inside enabling place;
Dielectric fluke plate, electrostatic insect killing lamp, for trapping and killing the adult that slips through the net; Polychrome dielectric fluke plate is made up of high voltage source, substrate, dielectric coat, yellow, blue wear-resistant protective layer; Utilize adult to love look, adopt colour table to add dielectric adsorption technology and the adult of insect is attracted to plate cements and kills; Every 20m in greenhouse
2put a polychrome dielectric fluke plate, be suspended on above cucumber plant by polychrome dielectric fluke plate, bottom exceeds plant l0cm ~ 15cm, traps and kills the diurnal adult that slips through the net; Electrostatic insect killing lamp is made up of insect killing lamp cylindrical shell, pallet, light trap, light-controller, high-field electrode; Every 667m
23 electrostatic insect killing lamps hung by the even cloth in greenhouse;
Greenhouse electricity demist disease prevention growth-promoting system diseases prevention: the greenhouse electricity demist disease prevention growth-promoting system of employing, is made up of main power source, controller, 200m electrode wires, 20 suspension insulator four major parts; Controller and main power source are arranged on operation room wall, and on the bow member of electrode wires more than antenna height 2.3m, insulator comprises 1 band line insulator, 19 hanging wire insulators; Be fixed on the nearest ceiling girder steel of distance main power source by band line insulator, other insulators are evenly laid on ceiling girder steel by greenhouse length direction, and electrode wires is combined as a whole by the screw of insulator bottom;
2. cucumber cultivation
Prepared by soil beneficial microbe bacterial manure: make container with ox horn, fresh cow dung is raw material, the ox horn filling fresh cow dung is imbedded 1.5m place, underground, transforms, become soil beneficial microbe bacterial manure through 180 days edaphons;
Late September, at warm indoor raising of seedling;
Stock and cucumber seeds sterilization, seed soaking and vernalization: first to soak seed 20min with 10% trisodium phosphate solution, pre-anti-virus, use 25% metalaxyl wetting powder, 800 times of liquid again, seed soaking 20min, prevent fungal disease in seedling stage, finally with 1,000,000 unit agricultural streptomycin, 500 times of dilution seed soaking 2h, bacteriological protection venereal disease evil; All rinse well with clear water after each seed soaking sterilization, dry in the shade; Seed Seed soaking 6h at the temperature of 25 ~ 30 DEG C after sterilization; Before vernalization, seed is pulled out from water, wrap with wet cloth, be placed in container, be placed in 25 ~ 30 DEG C of indoor vernalization; Every 6h warm water rinse 1 time, show money or valuables one carries unintentionally to seed;
Sowing: adopt circular diplopore 60g peat nutritive cube to be carrier, diplopore is respectively macropore and aperture; By compacting paving layer of polyethylene film smooth bottom seedbed, put nutritive cube by spacing 3cm; With watering can from top to bottom to nutritive cube water spray, film has stop-spraying after ponding, sprays, 6 times repeatedly, until nutritive cube expands completely after ponding blots again; To place after 12h simple grain program request cucumber seeds in aperture, broadcast simple grain fig-leaf gourd seed in macropore after 7 days, seed keeps flat in cave, above covers the vermiculite that 1.5cm is thick;
Grafting: the sowing of anvil fringe is on same nutritive cube, when scion rough leaf launch there is half a buck size, fig-leaf gourd cotyledon starts grafting when launching completely, adopt inarching method grafting, scion cucumber plant is cut off after scion grafting survival, cucumber seedling is separated with self root system, starts to utilize allosome fig-leaf gourd Root Absorption moisture and mineral nutrition; Grafting root system is covered with nutritive cube, and white tender of point slightly exposes, and timely field planting, prevents root system aging, experienced seedling of cutting off the water before field planting; Nursery stage temperature treatment: daytime 30 DEG C in seeding stage, night 20 DEG C, Seedling Stage daytime 25 ~ 28 DEG C, night 13 ~ 15 DEG C, humidity 80% ~ 90%;
3. wholely, apply fertilizer, do furrow, spreading, film under lay drip irrigation pipe
Soil deep tillage 30cm in greenhouse, applies 5000kg/667m
2decomposed manure, potassium sulfate 10kg/667m
2with diammonium phosphate 20kg/667m
2make base manure; North-south Da Long, wide 40cm, high 25cm, distance between the ridges 80cm; To imbed the ox horn taking-up of the ground second half year, the cow dung in ox horn changes into bacterial manure, puts into bucket and adds water, repeatedly stir with waddy, until bacterial manure disperses completely, then carries on the back to ridge by atomizers spray, with rake mixing, and bacterial manure consumption 4kg/667m
2;
Adopt under-film drip irrigation system supply moisture, drip irrigation equipment adopts the anti-aging pipe of 50mmPE to be responsible for as drip irrigation, to be responsible for by greenhouse length to the outside being laid on the close pavement of rear wall, the flat pressure drip irrigation pipe of 16mmPE internally-inlaid selected by hollow billet, dripping end flow 2L/h, lay drip irrigation pipe, two water droppers are 35cm apart, spreading in drip irrigation pipe;
4. field planting
Late October, field planting; Planting pit is dug, 2800 strains/667m apart from water dropper 3cm position by spacing in the rows 40cm
2; By grafting field planting in planting pit, fill and lead up planting pit with the ridge soil taken out; After field planting, furrow waters, and makes water infiltrate into water suction in nutritive cube to both sides, ridge sufficient;
5. prune, draw climing, except tendril
Female series cucumber, based on main climing knot melon, is extractd all side shoots, draws climing lifting rope in time during climing long 30cm, occur that tendril is extractd in time;
6. melon is dredged
Female series cucumber joint position is low, removes the flower of below 5 joint positions, is beneficial to adjustment and nourishes and grows and reproductive growth;
7. gather with fall climing
Gather in time when fruit reaches commodity maturation;
8. integrated water and fertilizer management
The moisture of field planting after 1 week is supplied by drip irrigation system, and the initial stage irrigated once at interval of 3 days, knot melon contain during every 2 days drip irrigations 1 time; Each 30min, topdresses after 5 joint melons are occupied stably, and imposes urea 5kg/667m as an aqueous solution with dripping irrigation water by Development of Venturi Fertilizer Applicator
2with NPK Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 5kg/667m
2; The knot melon phase of containing needs purity nitrogen 2.6kg, phosphorus pentoxide 1.5kg, potassium oxide 3.5kg, calcium oxide 2.5kg, magnesium 0.5kg ratio Fertigation by production 1000kg cucumber.
2. the intensive integrated day-light greenhouse winter spring stubble autumn cucumber green high-efficient cultivation method of one according to claim 1, characterized by further comprising sunlight indoor envirobnmental control:
After field planting, start greenhouse by solar heat damage by disease and insect prevention and control system; Dielectric fluke plate, electrostatic insect killing lamp remain on 15 ~ 20cm position above plant; Greenhouse electricity demist disease prevention growth-promoting system adopts stops 30min/ work 30min pattern, prevents the generation of disease;
Temperature and gas delivery: with greenhouse temperature increasing hot-blast stove and add gentle flue gas electrodecontamination CO temporarily
2gaseous fertilizer apparatus regulating and controlling temperature and indoor CO
2concentration;
Be equipped with greenhouse temperature increasing hot-blast stove in greenhouse as provisional warming-up device, temperature is enabled hot-blast stove in time lower than 8 DEG C and is heated, and avoids cucumber plant to be subject to chilling damage; During cucumber growth, day temperature 25 ~ 32 DEG C, is not less than 10 DEG C night;
Configuration flue gas electrodecontamination CO
2gaseous fertilizer apparatus: be made up of flue gas electrodecontamination main frame, Smoking pipe, snorkel, liquid fertilizer pipe;
CO
2gaseous fertilizer apparatus main frame is fixed on the rear wall in the middle of greenhouse, and the soft first end of Smoking pipe and pipe clamp are inserted on the smoke-intake pipe of main frame lower end, and tightens and fix; In flue with coal stove for heating in the insertion greenhouse, one end of stainless-steel pipe, the degree of depth reaches 35mm; Blast pipe snorkel one end and pipe clamp being inserted in main frame upper end is tightened and reinforced, and another termination threeway makes the CO of generation
2extend to two ends, greenhouse along greenhouse length direction, end seals, snorkel is erected at 1.2 ~ 1.5m place, ground, and on snorkel, punching is used for CO
2release; Flexible plastic tube is screwed on the flow liquid mouth of main frame bottom, and clamps; After installing, light warming stove, switch on power and can supply CO
2.
3. the intensive integrated day-light greenhouse winter spring stubble autumn cucumber green high-efficient cultivation method of one according to claim 2, is characterized in that flue gas electrodecontamination CO
2when Gaseous fertilizer apparatus newly grows 2 after field planting, now plant 5 is saved position flower and is formed, and starts to start work; Service time is that after fine day takes off curtain, 30min starts to stop using gaseous fertilizer to 30min before leaking informaton, and do not execute in the afternoon.
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| CN104798571A (en) * | 2015-04-08 | 2015-07-29 | 芜湖县能胜农业科技有限公司 | Planting method for summer cucumber |
| CN105230332B (en) * | 2015-11-19 | 2019-04-05 | 河北科技师范学院 | A kind of method that the super ovary of efficient inducing cucumber occurs |
| CN105557451B (en) * | 2016-03-01 | 2018-08-31 | 安庆师范大学 | Intelligent protection device for newly transplanted plants |
| CN106105741A (en) * | 2016-07-28 | 2016-11-16 | 福建省农业科学院植物保护研究所 | A kind of simplification pest controlling method for state's orchid facility plantation |
| IT201600100827A1 (en) * | 2016-10-07 | 2018-04-07 | Eureka Ricerca E Soluzioni Globali Soc Cooperativa | PROCEDURE OF STIMULATION AND ENHANCEMENT OF REDUCTION PROCESSES, PROCESSING AND METABOLIZATION OF POLLUTING SUBSTANCES PRESENT IN SOIL AND / OR WATER THROUGH TREATMENT WITH MIXTURE OF ENHANCED MINERAL POWDERS |
| CN107155554A (en) * | 2017-04-27 | 2017-09-15 | 霍邱县天滋禾种苗专业合作社 | A kind of implantation methods of cucumber |
| CN107172996A (en) * | 2017-05-19 | 2017-09-19 | 蚌埠市众星蔬果科技专业合作社联合社 | A kind of implantation methods for improving cucumber keeping quality |
| CN108307944B (en) * | 2017-12-11 | 2020-05-26 | 河南科技学院 | Cultivation method of cucumber flowers |
| CN108911924A (en) * | 2018-09-04 | 2018-11-30 | 新绛县鹏翔农业开发有限公司 | A kind of preparation and its application method of probiotics organic fertilizer |
| CN110432090A (en) * | 2019-06-13 | 2019-11-12 | 宁夏农林科学院种质资源研究所（宁夏设施农业工程技术研究中心） | Cucumber in solar-greenhouse group optimizes high-yield cultivating method |
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| CN102742433B (en) * | 2012-06-15 | 2013-10-30 | 蚌埠海上明珠农业科技发展有限公司 | Method for cultivating pollution-free cucumbers |
| CN103749107A (en) * | 2013-12-04 | 2014-04-30 | 张家港市塘桥果艺园 | Three-dimensional high-efficient culture method for greenhouse winter-spring cucumber |
| CN103798022A (en) * | 2014-01-21 | 2014-05-21 | 和县常久农业发展有限公司 | Planting method for cucumbers |
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