CN108934753A - A kind of management method of suitable north hickory chick - Google Patents

A kind of management method of suitable north hickory chick Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108934753A
CN108934753A CN201810689212.3A CN201810689212A CN108934753A CN 108934753 A CN108934753 A CN 108934753A CN 201810689212 A CN201810689212 A CN 201810689212A CN 108934753 A CN108934753 A CN 108934753A
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temperature
hickory chick
furrow
fructification
degree
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CN201810689212.3A
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付道坤
吴丽丽
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Jiangsu Xin Xing Ecological Agriculture Technology Co Ltd
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Jiangsu Xin Xing Ecological Agriculture Technology Co Ltd
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G18/00Cultivation of mushrooms

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mycology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of management methods of suitable north hickory chick, including following environmental variance to control: temperature, humidity, illumination, air, pH value;And operating process are as follows: start site preparation when temperature is lower than 20 degree, 20 centimetres of depth, 0.07 hectare limes 50 jin, 2 jin of insecticide, furrow are opened on the ground, furrow are 100 centimetres wide, it is 15 centimetres deep, ready-made base-material is uniformly sprinkling upon in furrow face, 1000 jin of 0.07 hectare, strain broken into finger nail is of uniform size to be sprinkling upon on furrow again, it builds canopy body and places plastic film, fructification can be grown after hickory chick after planting 3~5 months, going out from fructification can growth and maturity generally after 7~15 days, it 7~10 days after last Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers sporophore is unearthed can be mature, it can harvest at this time, stem base portion is pinched with finger, it gently shakes and pulls up, it is put into frame.The present invention can build control environment according to the life habit of hickory chick and influence and protect for northern season environment, and accomplishing also can effective high yield in the north.

Description

A kind of management method of suitable north hickory chick
Technical field
The present invention relates to hickory chick, the management method of specifically a kind of suitable north hickory chick.
Background technique
Hickory chick is a kind of Rare edible fungus kind, is gained the name because of its cap surface irregularity, shape such as sheep tripe.Hickory chick It (Morchella) also known as morel, is edible mushroom and the medicinal fungus of a kind of preciousness.Hickory chick was found in 1818.For eating Pneumatosis is stagnant, abdominal fullness and distention, phlegm stops up the circulation of vital energy in the wrong direction are breathed with cough.Hickory chick is also known as sheep tripe dish, sheep mushroom.Its structure is similar to cup fungi, and top is in pleat It wrinkles netted, both as a honeycomb, also like a sheep tripe, thus gains the name.Hickory chick yield in 2 to three years after mountain fire is extra-high, because The picker of this North America can acquire hickory chick according to mountain fire.
Hickory chick is because have higher requirement to extraneous factors such as temperature, since southern warmer climate is moist, the north Winter temperature is too low, and spring temperature is unstable, be easy to cause the hickory chick of large area dead, so needing strict control hickory chick Growing environment.
Summary of the invention
A kind of technical solution provided by the invention in order to solve the above problem are as follows: manager of suitable north hickory chick Method, including the control of following environmental variance and operating process;
Temperature: at 3~28 degree, the temperature of fructification is controlled at 10~22 degree mycelia temperature;
Humidity: the suitable temperature of hickory chick is grown in the environment that soil property moistens, and vegetative stage is to soil moisture content It is required that not tight, growth in 30%~70% water content, water content is no more than 70%;Fruit-body formation and growth, suitable sky Air humidity degree is 75%~95%, most appropriate with 80%~90%;
Illumination: vegetative stage does not need illumination, and mycelia is in the dark or under poor light condition;Fruit-body formation and development need Certain illumination is wanted, such as covers that the blocked up or woods are overstocked, cloudy and whole day direct sunlight place, is all not suitable for sporophore growth;
Air: Morciiella Esculeuta Mycelia growth phase, to air without significant reaction;In fruit-body formation and stage of development, dioxy Change concentration of carbon no more than 0.3%, the plants intercropping such as optimal selection and wheat seeding is conducive to high yield;
PH value: the pH value of culture medium or soil is 7.0~7.5;
Site preparation: starting site preparation when temperature is lower than 20 degree, with mini-tiller rotary tillage soil, 20 centimetres of depth can, one Mu ground limes 50 jin, 2 jin of insecticide, if ground drying can be poured with water, controls soil humidity 60%;
Sowing: opening furrow on the ground, and furrow are 100 centimetres wide, 15 centimetres deep, depending on length is because of topography, between furrow and furrow apart 30~50 centimetres, gutter has been opened up in furrow surrounding;Ready-made base-material is uniformly sprinkling upon in furrow face, 1000 jin of 0.07 hectare, then Strain broken into finger nail is of uniform size to be sprinkling upon on furrow, 2~3 centimetres of strain of soil covering is finally taken, can see furrow within 20 days after kind There is white powder bacterium frost in face, can place nutrient bag at this time;
Management: building canopy body and place plastic film, and winter places mulch when temperature is lower than zero degree, every 50 on mulch Centimetre make a call to an eye;Only need to spray two during winter to water three times;Remove mulch after the beginning of spring, once with broad irrigation Face, management gives hickory chick moisturizing using the method for atomization later;The air humidity when formation of hickory chick former base is 90%, so I Install and spray preferably with canopy body, air humidity can rise in such canopy, be conducive to the growth of hickory chick;Hickory chick is former For temperature when base formation at 5~18 degree, temperature at this time is also critically important;Temperature bottom out, initially forms original after the northern Spring Festival Base places straw screen or mat or felt on canopy body, and when temperature increases suddenly, taking toward the method sprinkled water on straw screen or mat or felt makes canopy Interior cooling;
Fructification, fruiting time length, mainly according to temperature of shed can be grown after hickory chick after planting 3~5 months Height, administrative skill determine, may occur in which fructification after 75 days most fast, be normally that may occur in which fructification after 4~5 months;Sheep After the mycelia of tripe bacterium is passed to topsoil, vegetable mould layer kind forms sclerotium, potential soil layer kind, and surface is not easy to see, before this intensively White hypha hair ball composition sclerotium, bright droplet is gradually appeared on sclerotium, then forms son among the droplet Entity former base protrusion pore originally big like rapeseed, later pore are slowly grown up, and increasing to can when thinking wheat size To differentiate the profile of fructification, it can be seen that at this moment the color of stem and mushroom cap is paid special attention to manage, prevent direct sunlight, do Otherwise drought, high temperature are easy death;The Yangtze river basin is generally by the end of March to growing animated period, but various regions situation difference between April There can be temperature to determine, natural temperature is the peak grown at 15~18 degree, is gone out generally after 7~15 days from fructification Growth and maturity;The growth and maturity of hickory chick are different from other edible mushrooms, and the fructification first grown is first mature first to be harvested, and are unable to size It adopts together;
Harvesting: 7~10 days after Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers sporophore is unearthed can be mature, maturity symbol is that entire mushroom body differentiation is complete, net Line opens, and can harvest at this time;
Collecting method: pinching stem base portion with finger, gently shake and pull up, be put into frame, and basket bottom prevents blotting paper, sequence Discharge, beats easily and puts down gently, prevents the rupture of mushroom body from influencing appearance and downgrading.
As an improvement, the temperature of the mycelia controls 18~22 degree of optimum temperature meter;Fructification be most suitable for thermometer 15~ 18 degree.
As an improvement, the humidity of the vegetative stage is optimum with 60%~65%.
As an improvement, the mulch can be black, or white, black are preferred.Black heat absorption, and prevent Direct sunlight hickory chick plays the effect for maintaining temperature and protecting hickory chick.
As an improvement, the winter is different from spring watering, winter watering mode can be the mode of flood irrigation.
Technological merit provided by the invention are as follows: control growing environment is conducive to hickory chick and grows in the north, to be not only suitble to Climatic characteristic is also larger according to northern temperature difference, and winter is colder, and spring changes greatly, needs to distinguish south kind to adapt to the north Plant mode needs to add mulch and sets up greenhouse to solve the problems, such as this, and hickory chick likes high humility, thus need mulch with And water is periodically sprinkled to guarantee air humidity, but it is unsuitable excessive, water is prevented because flood irrigation causes hickory chick dead.Rationally utilize Habit and boreal climate feature of arranging in pairs or groups selects different sowing time and different way to manages, can effectively ensure The northerly high yield of hickory chick.
Specific embodiment
A kind of management method of suitable north hickory chick, including the control of following environmental variance and operating process;
Temperature: at 3~28 degree, the temperature of fructification is controlled at 10~22 degree mycelia temperature;
Humidity: the suitable temperature of hickory chick is grown in the environment that soil property moistens, and vegetative stage is to soil moisture content It is required that not tight, growth in 30%~70% water content, water content is no more than 70%;Fruit-body formation and growth, suitable sky Air humidity degree is 75%~95%, most appropriate with 80%~90%;
Illumination: vegetative stage does not need illumination, and mycelia is in the dark or under poor light condition;Fruit-body formation and development need Certain illumination is wanted, such as covers that the blocked up or woods are overstocked, cloudy and whole day direct sunlight place, is all not suitable for sporophore growth;
Air: Morciiella Esculeuta Mycelia growth phase, to air without significant reaction;In fruit-body formation and stage of development, dioxy Change concentration of carbon no more than 0.3%, the plants intercropping such as optimal selection and wheat seeding is conducive to high yield;
PH value: the pH value of culture medium or soil is 7.0~7.5;
Site preparation: starting site preparation when temperature is lower than 20 degree, with mini-tiller rotary tillage soil, 20 centimetres of depth can, one Mu ground limes 50 jin, 2 jin of insecticide, if ground drying can be poured with water, controls soil humidity 60%;
Sowing: opening furrow on the ground, and furrow are 100 centimetres wide, 15 centimetres deep, depending on length is because of topography, between furrow and furrow apart 30~50 centimetres, gutter has been opened up in furrow surrounding;Ready-made base-material is uniformly sprinkling upon in furrow face, 1000 jin of 0.07 hectare, then Strain broken into finger nail is of uniform size to be sprinkling upon on furrow, 2~3 centimetres of strain of soil covering is finally taken, can see furrow within 20 days after kind There is white powder bacterium frost in face, can place nutrient bag at this time;
Management: building canopy body and place plastic film, and winter places mulch when temperature is lower than zero degree, every 50 on mulch Centimetre make a call to an eye;Only need to spray two during winter to water three times;Remove mulch after the beginning of spring, once with broad irrigation Face, management gives hickory chick moisturizing using the method for atomization later;The air humidity when formation of hickory chick former base is 90%, so I Install and spray preferably with canopy body, air humidity can rise in such canopy, be conducive to the growth of hickory chick;Hickory chick is former For temperature when base formation at 5~18 degree, temperature at this time is also critically important;Temperature bottom out, initially forms original after the northern Spring Festival Base places straw screen or mat on canopy body or felt takes the method sprinkled water on net grass curtain or felt to make canopy when temperature increases suddenly Interior cooling;
Fructification, fruiting time length, mainly according to temperature of shed can be grown after hickory chick after planting 3~5 months Height, administrative skill determine, may occur in which fructification after 75 days most fast, be normally that may occur in which fructification after 4~5 months;Sheep After the mycelia of tripe bacterium is passed to topsoil, vegetable mould layer kind forms sclerotium, potential soil layer kind, and surface is not easy to see, before this intensively White hypha hair ball composition sclerotium, bright droplet is gradually appeared on sclerotium, then forms son among the droplet Entity former base protrusion pore originally big like rapeseed, later pore are slowly grown up, and increasing to can when thinking wheat size To differentiate the profile of fructification, it can be seen that at this moment the color of stem and mushroom cap is paid special attention to manage, prevent direct sunlight, do Otherwise drought, high temperature are easy death;The Yangtze river basin is generally by the end of March to growing animated period, but various regions situation difference between April There can be temperature to determine, natural temperature is the peak grown at 15~18 degree, is gone out generally after 7~15 days from fructification Growth and maturity;The growth and maturity of hickory chick are different from other edible mushrooms, and the fructification first grown is first mature first to be harvested, and are unable to size It adopts together;
Harvesting: 7~10 days after Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers sporophore is unearthed can be mature, maturity symbol is that entire mushroom body differentiation is complete, net Line opens, and can harvest at this time;
Collecting method: pinching stem base portion with finger, gently shake and pull up, be put into frame, and basket bottom prevents blotting paper, sequence Discharge, beats easily and puts down gently, prevents the rupture of mushroom body from influencing appearance and downgrading.
The temperature of the mycelia controls 18~22 degree of optimum temperature meter;Fructification is most suitable for 15~18 degree of thermometer.
The humidity of the vegetative stage is optimum with 60%~65%.
The mulch can be black, or white, black are preferred.
The winter is different from spring watering, and winter watering mode is the mode of atomizing spray.
Northern spring temperature is extremely unstable, fluctuated, and what temperature was unexpected sometimes is increased to 30 degree, the original of such hickory chick Base is newly formed just dead, and the yield of such hickory chick will decline very much.So while placing straw screen or mat or felt also Spray water is wanted to ensure to reduce entire temperature of shed, can also be taken straw screen or mat or felt in cloudy day, rainy day.
The present invention and its embodiments have been described above, this description is no restricted, and actual structure is not It is confined to this.All in all if those of ordinary skill in the art are inspired by it, in the feelings for not departing from the invention objective Under condition, frame mode similar with the technical solution and embodiment are not inventively designed, should belong to guarantor of the invention Protect range.

Claims (5)

1. a kind of management method of suitable north hickory chick, it is characterised in that: control and grasp including following environmental variance Make process;
Temperature: at 3~28 degree, the temperature of fructification is controlled at 10~22 degree mycelia temperature;
Humidity: the suitable temperature of hickory chick is grown in the environment that soil property moistens, and vegetative stage is to soil moisture content requirement Not tight, growth in 30%~70% water content, water content is no more than 70%;Fruit-body formation and growth, suitable air are wet Degree is 75%~95%, most appropriate with 80%~90%;
Illumination: vegetative stage does not need illumination, and mycelia is in the dark or under poor light condition;Fruit-body formation and development need one Determine illumination, such as cover that the blocked up or woods are overstocked, cloudy and whole day direct sunlight place, is all not suitable for sporophore growth;
Air: Morciiella Esculeuta Mycelia growth phase, to air without significant reaction;In fruit-body formation and stage of development, carbon dioxide For concentration no more than 0.3%, the plants intercropping such as optimal selection and wheat seeding is conducive to high yield;
PH value: the pH value of culture medium or soil is 7.0~7.5;
Site preparation: starting site preparation when temperature is lower than 20 degree, with mini-tiller rotary tillage soil, 20 centimetres of depth can, 0.07 hectare It limes 50 jin, 2 jin of insecticide, if ground drying can be poured with water, controls soil humidity 60%;
Sowing: opening furrow on the ground, and furrow are 100 centimetres wide, deep 15 centimetres, depending on length is because of topography, between furrow and furrow at a distance of 30~ 50 centimetres, gutter has been opened up in furrow surrounding;Ready-made base-material is uniformly sprinkling upon in furrow face, 1000 jin of 0.07 hectare, then by bacterium It kind breaks into that finger nail is of uniform size to be sprinkling upon on furrow, finally takes 2~3 centimetres of strain of soil covering, can see that furrow face goes out within 20 days after kind Existing white powder bacterium frost, can place nutrient bag at this time;
Management: building canopy body and place plastic film, and winter places mulch when temperature is lower than zero degree, every 50 centimetres on mulch Make a call to an eye;Only need to spray two during winter to water three times;Remove mulch after the beginning of spring, with ground of broad irrigation, it Management gives hickory chick moisturizing using the method for atomization afterwards;The air humidity when formation of hickory chick former base is 90%, so we are most It is sprayed using the installation of canopy body well, air humidity can rise in such canopy, be conducive to the growth of hickory chick;Hickory chick former base shape At when temperature at 5~18 degree, temperature at this time is also critically important;Temperature bottom out, initially forms former base after the northern Spring Festival, Straw screen or mat or felt are placed on canopy body, when temperature increases suddenly, take the method sprinkled water on net grass curtain or felt to make drop in canopy Temperature;
Fructification, fruiting time length, mainly according to the height of temperature of shed can be grown after hickory chick after planting 3~5 months What low, administrative skill determined, it may occur in which fructification after 75 days most fast, be normally that may occur in which fructification after 4~5 months;Hickory chick Mycelia be passed to topsoil after, vegetable mould layer kind forms sclerotium, potential soil layer kind, and surface is not easy to see, intensive before this is white The sclerotium of color mycelia hair ball composition, gradually appears bright droplet on sclerotium, and fructification is then formed among droplet Former base protrusion pore originally big like rapeseed, later pore are slowly grown up, and increasing to can divide when thinking wheat size Distinguish the profile of fructification, it can be seen that at this moment the color of stem and mushroom cap is paid special attention to manage, prevent direct sunlight, arid, height Otherwise temperature is easy death;The Yangtze river basin is generally by the end of March to growing animated period between April, but various regions situation difference can also have temperature For degree to determine, natural temperature is the peak grown at 15~18 degree, goes out can generally grow into after 7~15 days from fructification It is ripe;The growth and maturity of hickory chick are different from other edible mushrooms, and the fructification first grown is first mature first to be harvested, and are unable to size together It adopts;
Harvesting: 7~10 days after Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers sporophore is unearthed can be mature, maturity symbol is that entire mushroom body differentiation is complete, reticulate pattern It opens, can harvest at this time;
Collecting method: pinching stem base portion with finger, gently shake and pull up, be put into frame, and basket bottom prevents blotting paper, and sequence is arranged It puts, beats easily and put down gently, prevent the rupture of mushroom body from influencing appearance and downgrading.
2. a kind of management method of suitable north hickory chick according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the mycelia Temperature control 18~22 degree of optimum temperature meter;Fructification is most suitable for 15~18 degree of thermometer.
3. a kind of management method of suitable north hickory chick according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the mycelia The humidity of growth phase is optimum with 60%~65%.
4. a kind of management method of suitable north hickory chick according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the ground Film can be black, or white, black are preferred.
5. a kind of management method of suitable north hickory chick according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the winter Season is different from spring watering, and winter watering mode is the mode of atomizing spray.
CN201810689212.3A 2018-06-28 2018-06-28 A kind of management method of suitable north hickory chick Pending CN108934753A (en)

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Cited By (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109588211A (en) * 2018-12-17 2019-04-09 衢州市农业科学研究院 A kind of cultural method of hickory chick
CN109845576A (en) * 2019-02-01 2019-06-07 云南菌视界生物科技有限公司 A kind of hickory chick standardization field production method
CN110419386A (en) * 2019-08-21 2019-11-08 青海卓辰农业科技发展有限公司 Highlands hickory chick annual cultivation
CN111373980A (en) * 2020-04-28 2020-07-07 山西林业职业技术学院 Northern morchella fruiting time control method
CN116530361A (en) * 2023-07-03 2023-08-04 内蒙古绿新园林绿化有限责任公司 Greenhouse planting production method for Morchella in winter and spring

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109588211A (en) * 2018-12-17 2019-04-09 衢州市农业科学研究院 A kind of cultural method of hickory chick
CN109845576A (en) * 2019-02-01 2019-06-07 云南菌视界生物科技有限公司 A kind of hickory chick standardization field production method
CN109845576B (en) * 2019-02-01 2021-07-30 云南菌视界生物科技有限公司 Standardized field cultivation method for morchella esculenta
CN110419386A (en) * 2019-08-21 2019-11-08 青海卓辰农业科技发展有限公司 Highlands hickory chick annual cultivation
CN111373980A (en) * 2020-04-28 2020-07-07 山西林业职业技术学院 Northern morchella fruiting time control method
CN116530361A (en) * 2023-07-03 2023-08-04 内蒙古绿新园林绿化有限责任公司 Greenhouse planting production method for Morchella in winter and spring
CN116530361B (en) * 2023-07-03 2023-09-15 内蒙古绿新园林绿化有限责任公司 Greenhouse planting production method for Morchella in winter and spring

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