CN104303822A - Planting method of mushroom - Google Patents
Planting method of mushroom Download PDFInfo
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- CN104303822A CN104303822A CN201410494558.XA CN201410494558A CN104303822A CN 104303822 A CN104303822 A CN 104303822A CN 201410494558 A CN201410494558 A CN 201410494558A CN 104303822 A CN104303822 A CN 104303822A
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- mushroom
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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Abstract
The invention relates to a planting method of mushroom. The main ingredients of the mushroom comprise the following raw materials in parts by weight: 75-79 parts of saw dust, 13-17 parts of wheat bran, 4-6 parts of corn flour, 1.5-2.5 parts of gypsum and 0.5-1.5 parts of sugar. The planting method comprises the following steps: after uniformly stirring the raw materials, adding water until the water content of the whole formula is 55-65%; removing mushroom sticks out of bags and embedding the mushroom sticks in the sandy soil of a land bed, wherein the sandy oil is in the shape of mud formed by stirring soil, sand and water uniformly; removing clearances in the middle, wherein the mass percent of sand to the sand and soil in the sandy soil is 15%-30%; spraying with water so that the produced mushroom is high in quality. The infection of impurity mushrooms is avoided, mushroom harvest is completed, the mushroom sticks are protected, the mushroom harvest time of the mushroom sticks is advanced, high yield, stable production and high efficiency of the mushroom sticks are guaranteed, the time from bag removal to the mushroom harvest is shortened to be three to four days, 0.25-0.4 kg of fresh mushroom can be increased by each mushroom stick further to improve the production, and the production efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to growing vegetables technical field, particularly a kind of implantation methods of mushroom.
Background technology
Mushroom is also known as fragrant bacterium, dried mushroom.Due to its delicious flavour, fragrance oozes people, nutritious, not only ranks on straw mushroom, flat mushroom, and have the reputation of " vegetables queen ", be one of " mountain delicacy ".Mushroom has high protein, low fat, polysaccharide, several amino acids and multivitamin nutritional characteristic.Mushroom have improve body's immunity, delay senility, cancer-resisting, hypotensive, reducing blood lipid, norcholesterol, again can disease, the mushroom such as prevention of arterial sclerosis, cirrhosis also to a therapeutic action such as diabetes, pulmonary tuberculosis, catarrhal jaundice, neuritis, can be used for again the function such as indigestion, constipation.
At present, at south China most area anti-season mushroom (high temperature mushroom) because the many employings of effect " water culture " of needs moisturizing and cooling and " covering method " are cultivated.
Water culture be namely by water directly to plant provide its growth required for mineral matter, due to water culture plant time, need the water source that flowing is provided, make water consumption large, and because mushroom rod is immersed in water for a long time, not only easily occur the phenomenon of loose rod, and bacterium rod easily goes mouldy, and affects the quality of mushroom rod and the survival rate of mushroom rod.
Be emitted on ridge-up bed ground after covering method and the de-bag of bacterium rod, be close together between bacterium rod, then bacterium rod covers the sandy loam of 2-3cm, but this method have a lot of drawback.
(1) fruiting is slow
Be 4 because general anti-season xianggu stick takes off the bag time, May, the temperature for bacterium is excellent of the sandy loam on ridge-up bed is lower, thus makes the prolongation of bacterium rod annesl time, causes the delay of fruiting time.And want mushroom valency to sell high, must go on the market in advance, thus affect economic benefit.
(2) product difference
After the bacterium rod annesl under earthing is good, when preparing fruiting, although adopt water to rinse sandy loam on bacterium rod, one, regrowth hair mushroom always more or less with some sandy loams, cause the product of mushroom differ, especially bacterium rod is just poorer with the product phase of bacterium nod gap fruiting.
(3) easy infection
Owing to being namely placed on ridge-up bed after the de-bag of bacterium rod, and the now bacterium outside mycoderma of rod also prematurity, resist the scarce capacity of outside miscellaneous bacteria invasion, very easily mildew, rotten cylinder is especially very with plum rain season, now high humidity in air, and temperature on ridge-up bed, humidity are more suitable for the Cultivation condition of mushroom rod, thus most of bacterium rod generates " flower bud mushroom " below.Meanwhile, the mushroom that bacterium rod goes out below does not have shape owing to being squeezed and occupies sandy loam, and can not become rubbish as commodity mushroom, mushroom agriculture has just been toppled over after often plucking at all, defines a large amount of wastes.
(4) have a big risk
Due to bed whole in prior art bacterium rod and bacterium excellent between be close together, centre does not have interval, although be coated with some sandy loams above, the space between sandy loam just in time gives the space of the miscellaneous bacteria existence such as various microorganisms, so very easily cause bacterium rod to infect, go mouldy, rot, because bacterium rod interconnects, easy cross-infection below it, as failed Timeliness coverage, bacterium rod can be caused to be annihilated, making mushroom agriculture in planting process, bear larger risk.
Because the cultivation method in above technology exists above-mentioned defect, so how reducing bacterium rod and infect, produce high-quality mushroom, improve business efficiency, is mushroom agricultures a kind of problems urgently to be resolved hurrily.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to: the implantation methods that a kind of mushroom is provided, make bacterium rod from miscellaneous bacteria invasion and attack in mushroom rod process, thus reach the object of high and stable yields.
To achieve these goals, the invention provides: a kind of implantation methods of mushroom, carry out as follows:
(1) prepare burden: the raw material comprising following weight portion: wood chip 75-79 part, wheat bran 13-17 part, corn flour 4-6 part, gypsum 1.5-2.5 part, be watered after the ratio of sugared 0.5-1.5 part stirs, the water content of whole formula is 55-65%;
(2) pack: by the composts or fertilisers of cultivating be stirred, load polypropylene plastics pocket (15*58*0.045cm) and installed in 6-8 hour;
(3) sterilizing: above-mentioned bacterium generation is moved in autoclave, gets angry rapidly, make its temperature rise to 100 DEG C, and keep 18-24h;
(4) inoculate: the bacterium of bacterium of having gone out generation is proceeded to sterilization and inoculates canopy thoroughly, carry out Open-Architecture Controller;
(5) bacterium is sent out: will connect bacterium for being deposited in inoculation canopy, at room temperature cover film sends out bacterium;
(6) arrangement of ridge-up bed: build the mushroom canopy with sheltering from heat or light, arranges ridge-up bed, and removes clean by ridge-up bed surface impurity, and on bed surface, soil property selects sandy loam, and wherein sandy loam medium sand accounts for the mass percent of sand and soil and is: 15%-30%.Adopt bactericide by the bed surface thorough disinfection of mushroom canopy and ridge-up bed, after send about 10-15cm by ridge-up bed sandy loam plane, pulverize and pick the hard object such as de-stone, then fetching water with water pump and irrigate, then stirring into scattered paste shape with hoe, floating bed surface, obvious ponding can not be had;
(7) the inlaying of bacterium rod
The bacterium of annesl about about 2/3 rod is transported to be stirred mud ridge-up bed just nearby, peel off bacterium rod outer field cylinder generation, operating personnel stand on mixed mud ridge-up bed in the middle of, two hand flush ends take off bag bacterium rod exert oneself slightly (inoculation mouth upward) press 3/4 of whole bacterium rod and let go, now namely bacterium rod is fixed on there, must not drift about front and back up and down, if there is gap namely to stick with paste by sposh, the sandy loam gap of each bacterium rod interval 1.5-2cm, after drained whole furrow bacterium rod, should check whether institute's discharge of bacteria rod is inlayed intact, loosen if having or float on other objects of application placement bacterium rod, it is made not float, treat moisture evaporate to dryness or can fix under oozing.
(8) fruiting of bacterium rod: inlay start to spray water after 24 hours and every day 2 to 3 times to the bacterium rod water spray on ridge-up bed, make its further annesl fruiting, stop water spray the previous day at fruiting.
Further, in step (5) when mycelia covers with full bag, put and each acanthopore 10-15 respectively, both sides at the inoculation mouth of bacterium rod, bore dia 4-6mm, hole depth 4cm.
Further, sending out in bacterium process of step (5) needs adjustment mushroom yard shape, until bacterium pickup kind mouth send out bacterium have a 5-7cm time, carry out first time turning, by 10 layers, often heap before, the number of every layer determines to change into by 2 every layer according to place size, often piles 4-5 layer and stacks; Sending out bacterium to inoculating mouth by when being connected until bacterium generation, carrying out second time turning, by 2 every layer, often pile layer 2-3 and stack.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: first, by being embedded in the sandy loam of ridge-up bed by de-for bacterium rod bag, sandy loam adopts soil, sand, water is through being stirred into sposh shape, eliminate middle gap, then bacterium rod is embedded in sandy loam, makes to be embedded in part under soil due to soil, sand, aqueous mixtures and is solidified as an entirety, ensure that between bacterium rod and sandy loam without any gap, have the following advantages: the first, mushroom rod does not contain sandy loam substantially when fruiting, thus makes mushroom product mutually better; The second, avoid the loss of bacterium rod moisture that mushroom is increased production; 3rd, completely cut off the intrusion of the microorganisms such as all-pervasive miscellaneous bacteria.
Secondly; certain annesl is natively had for the exposed part of bacterium rod; in addition spray with water; form the Protective substances that one deck has " quinones " very soon; just avoid the infection of exposed part bacterium rod; bacterium rod is made to become the survival rate more than 99.5% of mushroom rod; complete fruiting and protect mushroom rod; mushroom rod fruiting time advance; just ensure that bacterium rod high yield, stable yields, efficient; wherein, mushroom is 3-4 days by the time shorten from de-bag band fruiting and the excellent fresh mushroom also can increasing production 0.25kg-0.4kg of each bacterium, improves production efficiency.
Embodiment
An implantation methods for mushroom, carries out as follows:
(1) composts or fertilisers of cultivating is prepared, by wood chip 77 parts, 15 parts, wheat bran, corn flour 5 parts, 2 parts, gypsum, be watered after the sugar ratio of 1 part stirs, the water content of whole formula is 60 parts and then stirs that (weight portion of above-mentioned composts or fertilisers of cultivating is in following scope: wood chip 75-79 part, wheat bran 13-17 part, corn flour 4-6 part, gypsum 1.5-2.5 part, is watered after sugared 0.5-1.5 part stirs, and the water content of whole formula is 55-65%);
(2) pack: by the composts or fertilisers of cultivating be stirred, load polypropylene plastics pocket (15*58*0.045cm) and installed in 6-8 hour;
(3) sterilizing: above-mentioned bacterium generation is moved in autoclave, gets angry rapidly, make its temperature rise to 100 DEG C, and keep 18-24h;
(4) inoculate: the bacterium of bacterium of having gone out generation is proceeded to sterilization and inoculates canopy thoroughly, carry out Open-Architecture Controller.
(5) bacterium is sent out: will connect bacterium and be deposited in inoculation canopy for according to often piling 10 layers, at room temperature cover film sends out bacterium
Until bacterium pickup kind mouth send out bacterium have a 5-7cm time, carry out first time turning, by 10 layers, often heap before, the number of every layer determines to change into by 2 every layer according to place size, often piles 4-5 layer and stacks; Bacterium is sent out to inoculation mouth by when being connected until bacterium generation, carry out second time turning, by 2 every layer, often pile layer 2-3 and stack, when mycelia covers with full bag, put and each acanthopore 10-15 respectively, both sides at the inoculation mouth of bacterium rod, bore dia 4-6mm, hole depth 4cm, and by 2 every layer, often pile 2 layers of stacking, if a few days ago temperature should take off film ventilation higher than 30 DEG C.
(6) arrangement of ridge-up bed
Building the mushroom canopy with sheltering from heat or light, arranging ridge-up bed, and remove clean by ridge-up bed surface impurity, on bed surface, soil property selects sandy loam, and wherein sandy loam medium sand accounts for the mass percent of sand and soil and is: 15%-30%.Adopt bactericide by the bed surface thorough disinfection of mushroom canopy and ridge-up bed, after send about 10-15cm by ridge-up bed sandy loam plane, pulverize and pick the hard object such as de-stone, fetch water with water pump again and irrigate, then stir into scattered paste shape with hoe, floating bed surface, obvious ponding can not be had, in order to avoid the drift of bacterium rod.
(7) the inlaying of bacterium rod
The bacterium of annesl about about 2/3 rod is transported to be stirred mud ridge-up bed just nearby, peel off bacterium rod outer field cylinder generation with sharp cutter is raw,
Operating personnel stand on mixed mud ridge-up bed in the middle of, two hand flush ends take off bag bacterium rod about 3/4 (namely bacterium rod is exposed at native face about 1-2cm) that (inoculation mouth upward) press whole bacterium rod of exerting oneself slightly and let go, now namely bacterium rod is fixed on there, must not drift about front and back up and down, if there is gap namely to stick with paste by sposh, the sandy loam gap of each bacterium rod interval 1.5-2cm, after drained whole furrow bacterium rod, should check whether institute's discharge of bacteria rod is inlayed intact, loosen if having or float on other objects of application placement bacterium rod, make it not float, treat moisture evaporate to dryness or can fix under oozing.
(8) fruiting of bacterium rod:
Until bacterium rod grand style after 24 hours, to bacterium rod surface sprinkling, remove the foreign material such as sandy loam above, the white hypha examined above bacterium rod lodges thereupon, three, four days like this water sprays, and the mycelia on bacterium rod surface changes into rufous by white.In the surperficial brown material of such bacterium rod, just there is a class bioactivator can urge the generation of flower bud, also have a class such as quinones to generate the material that bacterium rod has protective effect.Now; expose the stimulations such as native outside lease making temperature difference water spray, formed layer protecting film, the invasion and attack of external miscellaneous bacteria can be resisted; and it is one overall because soil, sand, aqueous mixtures are solidified as to be embedded in part under soil, is equivalent to its underpart and has overlapped one deck not easily by sack that miscellaneous bacteria is attacked.
Bacterium rod " inlayed " ridge-up bed water spray after three, four days, just had mushroom flower bud to sprout, and now threw away and to bacterium rod water spray, because annesl is also not thorough, will treat that mushroom grows to the previous day that will pluck, stop water spray, be convenient to adopt mushroom listing.
After one batch of mushroom is gathered and terminates, still stop water spray about 7 days, the residue such as the mushroom base of a fruit on cleaning mushroom rod, check that mushroom rod has non-loosening in sandy loam, should shape be restored if having, and then regrowth hair mushroom can be gone out after water spray a couple of days, operation like this, can go out three, four batches of mushrooms before and after July 15.Due to southern most area before and after annual July 15 to the August 15 temperature mostly about 35 DEG C, because of the physiological property of mushroom, Gu during this period mushroom rod should based on rehabilitation, in order to avoid wound rod, this period of every day time sprays water 2 to 3 times, and mainly rod is supported in cooling.
After the beginning of autumn, temperature is gradually low, the temperature difference strengthen, now mushroom rod go out mushroom matter superior, until November mushroom rod still can go out three, four batches of mushrooms.Thus adopt the bacterium rod of the method cultivation can fruiting about seven batches, not only increase the quality of mushroom, and make bacterium rod become the survival rate more than 99.5% of mushroom rod, and mushroom is 3-4 days by the time shorten from de-bag band fruiting, each bacterium rod also can increase production the fresh mushroom of 0.25kg-0.4kg, improves production efficiency.
Claims (3)
1. an implantation methods for mushroom, is characterized in that, carries out as follows:
(1) prepare burden: the raw material comprising following weight portion: wood chip 75-79 part, wheat bran 13-17 part, corn flour 4-6 part, gypsum 1.5-2.5 part, be watered after the ratio of sugared 0.5-1.5 part stirs, the water content of whole formula is 55-65%;
(2) pack: by the composts or fertilisers of cultivating be stirred, load polypropylene plastics pocket (15*58*0.045cm) and installed in 6-8 hour;
(3) sterilizing: above-mentioned bacterium generation is moved in autoclave, gets angry rapidly, make its temperature rise to 100 DEG C, and keep 18-24h;
(4) inoculate: the bacterium of bacterium of having gone out generation is proceeded to sterilization and inoculates canopy thoroughly, carry out Open-Architecture Controller;
(5) bacterium is sent out: will connect bacterium for being deposited in inoculation canopy, at room temperature cover film sends out bacterium;
(6) arrangement of ridge-up bed: build the mushroom canopy with sheltering from heat or light, arrange ridge-up bed, and removed by ridge-up bed surface impurity clean, on bed surface, soil property selects sandy loam, wherein sandy loam medium sand account for sand and soil mass percent be: 15%-30%, adopt bactericide by the bed surface thorough disinfection of mushroom canopy and ridge-up bed, after send about 10-15cm by ridge-up bed sandy loam plane, pulverize and pick the hard object such as de-stone, fetch water with water pump again and irrigate, then stir into scattered paste shape with hoe, floating bed surface, obvious ponding can not be had;
(7) the inlaying of bacterium rod
The bacterium of annesl about about 2/3 rod is transported to be stirred mud ridge-up bed just nearby, peel off bacterium rod outer field cylinder generation, operating personnel stand on mixed mud ridge-up bed in the middle of, two hand flush ends take off bag bacterium rod, inoculation mouth upward, slightly firmly press whole bacterium rod 3/4 lets go, now namely bacterium rod is fixed on there, must not drift about front and back up and down, if there is gap namely to stick with paste by sposh, the sandy loam gap of each bacterium rod interval 1.5-2cm, after drained whole furrow bacterium rod, check whether institute's discharge of bacteria rod is inlayed intact, loosen if having or float on other objects of application placement bacterium rod, it is made not float, treat moisture evaporate to dryness or can fix under oozing,
(8) fruiting of bacterium rod: inlay start to spray water after 24 hours and every day 2 to 3 times to the bacterium rod water spray on ridge-up bed, make its further annesl fruiting, stop water spray the previous day at fruiting.
2. according to the implantation methods of the mushroom described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: in step (5) when mycelia covers with full bag, put and each acanthopore 10-15 respectively, both sides at the inoculation mouth of bacterium rod, bore dia 4-6mm, hole depth 4cm.
3. according to the implantation methods of the mushroom described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: sending out in bacterium process of step (5) needs adjustment mushroom yard shape, until bacterium pickup kind mouth send out bacterium have a 5-7cm time, carry out first time turning, by 10 layers, often heap before, the number of every layer determines to change into by 2 every layer according to place size, often piles 4-5 layer and stacks; Sending out bacterium to inoculating mouth by when being connected until bacterium generation, carrying out second time turning, by 2 every layer, often pile layer 2-3 and stack.
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105123260A (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2015-12-09 | 武义创新食用菌有限公司 | Method for increasing summer mushroom output |
| CN105294351A (en) * | 2015-11-26 | 2016-02-03 | 南宁市金沙壮畜牧养殖有限责任公司 | Edible fungus bed cultivation method |
| CN105393798A (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2016-03-16 | 全椒县香妃农业专业合作社 | High-yield mushroom plantation method |
| CN105900681A (en) * | 2016-04-13 | 2016-08-31 | 奉节县芝宝菌类种植专业合作社 | Plantation method of shiitake fungus |
| CN106386169A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-15 | 佛山市高明区生产力促进中心 | Planting method for freshly growing mushroom |
| CN106472105A (en) * | 2015-08-31 | 2017-03-08 | 佛山市高明区鹏鹄农业发展有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of mushroom |
| CN107173052A (en) * | 2017-05-23 | 2017-09-19 | 李贤章 | A kind of implantation methods of mushroom |
| CN107347455A (en) * | 2017-08-28 | 2017-11-17 | 灵川县金晨菌业有限公司 | A kind of big bed implantation methods of mushroom |
| CN108849234A (en) * | 2018-09-21 | 2018-11-23 | 武义创新食用菌有限公司 | A kind of organic lentinus edodes strain stick after-ripening bacteria technology |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105123260A (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2015-12-09 | 武义创新食用菌有限公司 | Method for increasing summer mushroom output |
| CN106472105A (en) * | 2015-08-31 | 2017-03-08 | 佛山市高明区鹏鹄农业发展有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of mushroom |
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| CN105900681A (en) * | 2016-04-13 | 2016-08-31 | 奉节县芝宝菌类种植专业合作社 | Plantation method of shiitake fungus |
| CN106386169A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-15 | 佛山市高明区生产力促进中心 | Planting method for freshly growing mushroom |
| CN107173052A (en) * | 2017-05-23 | 2017-09-19 | 李贤章 | A kind of implantation methods of mushroom |
| CN107347455A (en) * | 2017-08-28 | 2017-11-17 | 灵川县金晨菌业有限公司 | A kind of big bed implantation methods of mushroom |
| CN107347455B (en) * | 2017-08-28 | 2020-06-12 | 灵川县金晨菌业有限公司 | Large-bed planting method for mushrooms |
| CN108849234A (en) * | 2018-09-21 | 2018-11-23 | 武义创新食用菌有限公司 | A kind of organic lentinus edodes strain stick after-ripening bacteria technology |
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