CN103314734B - A kind of wild rice stem high quality and yield cultivation techniques - Google Patents
A kind of wild rice stem high quality and yield cultivation techniques Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of wild rice stem high quality and yield cultivation techniques, comprise selection of land wholely, seedling preparation, field planting, field management, the step such as to gather.The present invention, before the field planting of hay kind, adopts quicklime, garlic residue powder, tea bran powder and pyroligneous liquor to disinfecting soil process, has purified the growing environment of wild rice stem, also improved the fertility of soil simultaneously; The present invention topdresses in process, uses homemade slowly-releasing organic granular fertilizer, and its fertilizer efficiency is more lasting, can not run off in a large number, substantially increase the fertilizer efficiency rate of fertilizer because of the fertilizer caused by climatic variation, can also improve soil simultaneously, keep soil from packing together.Cultivation method of the present invention is simple, and cost is low, and yield is high, convenient management, is applicable to extensive cultivation, by spread, can improves the quality and yield with stable wild rice stem significantly, have significant social benefit, economic benefit and ecological benefits.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of wild rice stem high quality and yield cultivation techniques, belong to technical field of agricultural cultivation.
Background technology
Wild rice stem, having another name called hay bamboo shoot, hay melon, wormwood artemisia fragrant plant etc., is the distinctive a kind of aquatic vegetable of China, cultivation history more than 2000 year.Wild rice stem eats part for the abnormal tender stem of meat, and be after plant is subject to wild rice smut parasitism, stem apex stimulates by germ secretion heteroauxin, and deformity is expanded and formed.The moisture 91-96% of wild rice stem fleshy stem, protein 1.0-1.6%, fat 0.3%, carbohydrate 1.8-5.7%, raw fiber 0.7-1.1%, and Vc and mineral matter etc.Particularly also containing 18 seed amino acid such as glutamic acid, asparatate, comprise several seed amino acids of needed by human, nutritious, local flavor is delicious, is called one of " the large famous dish in the south of the River three ".Effect that wild rice stem is thought on traditional Chinese medicine " can go the flighty and impatient heat of chest " " cook cough-relieving and children's's heat are write and let out " etc.So wild rice stem is also the food having medical value.
Wild rice stem is very wide in Chinese cultivated distribution, and main producing region is each province, municipality directly under the Central Government and autonomous region on the south the Yangtze river basin, and Shandong, Hebei, Henan and Shaanxi Zhu Sheng have a small amount of cultivation.7-9 month wild rice stem demand is large, and adopt traditional culture technique, Water Bamboo Yield is low, and quality is not good, cannot meet the demand in market.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to for the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of wild rice stem high quality and yield cultivation techniques is provided, improve the seed output and quality of wild rice stem.
The technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
A kind of wild rice stem high quality and yield cultivation techniques, comprises the following steps:
(1) selection of land wholely
Select that sunny, irrigation and drainage are convenient, layer depth thick fertile, be rich in organic field plantation wild rice stem, plant first 1 month, mu executes quicklime 100-120kg, garlic residue powder 50-60kg, tea bran powder 20-30kg, pyroligneous liquor 40-50kg carry out soil disinfection and regulate P in soil H value to 6.0-6.5; Then use sufficient base fertilizer, mu executes farm organic fertilizer 1500-2000kg, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 100-150kg, rock phosphate 40-60kg, alum powder 20-30, potassium sulfate 10-15kg, ploughs and rakes, require tilling depth 20-30cm, mixed by fertilizer with soil;
(2) seedling prepares
The excellent maternal plant clump chosen autumn has dug, and subterranean stem section also stays 1-2 to save excision, will post rice seedling bed and rake, and keeps depth of water 1-2cm, executes the night soil 400-500kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed for every mu and make base manure, then press line-spacing 40-50cm, and clump posts cultivation apart from 15-20cm;
(3) field planting
April early and middle ten days, hay height of seedling 18-22cm, field planting during temperature 13-15 DEG C, from post rice seedling bed take out maternal plant, be divided into little pier, require that old stem is all with by every little pier, and have healthy seedling 3-5 strain, plant by the standard of line-spacing 80-100cm, spacing in the rows 40-50cm, Planting Densities is 2.5-3.0 ten thousand piers/mu;
(4) field management
1. topdress
After wild rice stem field planting 10-15d, namely turning green and enter tillering stage, for impelling effective tiller early to send out multiple, now should topdress, execute slow-releasing granules fertilizer 2000-2500kg for every mu, another time is topdressed and is executed quinhydrones coated carbamide 250-300kg, potassium chloride 80-100kg early August every mu;
2. depth of water management
Setting date depth of water 3-5cm, 5-10cm in early stage of tillering, the later stage of tillering adds gradually and is deep to 10-12cm, 7-8 month high temperature season 10-15cm, summer and autumn many heavy rains, note draining, do not make water logging cross wild rice stem eye, autumn hay water level picking time is advisable with 4-5cm;
3. weed the fields, weeding, beat Lao Ye
Start weeding of weeding the fields after field planting survives, 8-10d carries out 1 time, 2-3 time altogether, tillers the later stage, and namely from July early and middle ten days, from leaf sheath base removing strong yellow leaf, weeds, strong yellow leaf all should tread in mud;
4. seed selection in autumn
Selection criterion is: ashless hay and male hay in hay pier, and variety characteristic is obvious, the more and neat and consistent of knot hay, and a kind of sedge pipe is relatively low; Selecting maternal plant clump to perform mark in reply, as posting seedling nursery, then should remove in time for grey hay, robust hay and different product plant;
(5) sick worm control of weeds
The trappings such as insect pest available frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp, double wave lamp, also can with trappings such as insect sex pheromones, hay duck also can be utilized to overlap the technology of supporting, obviously can suppress insect pest, carry out rural area to clean, improve permeability between strain, remove wild rice stem plant residue and limit, field weeds in time, to wild rice stem damage by disease and insect successfuls such as control wild rice stem snout moth's larva, long green plant hopper, wild rice hair eye ephydrid, wild rice stem oriental sesame leaf pinta, wild rice stem rust and Water Bamboo Sheath Blights;
(6) gather
Wild rice stem leaf sheath base cracking, when exposing white hay meat, for suitable collection period, hay picking time in autumn is that mid or late September is to mid or late October, gather autumn hay time twist into two parts in the middle part of a kind of sedge pipe careful, can not injure root system in order to avoid affect growth in the 2nd year, gathering band shell wild rice stem to concentrate to arrange with running water or clean reservoir water cleaning classification packs.
The preparation method of described slow-releasing granules fertilizer is as follows:
(1) press row weight portion and take raw material:
Excrement of animals 100-150, attapulgite 30-50, oil foot 15-20, alum powder 10-20, sepiolite powder 5-10, bamboo bits 20-30, corn flour 30-40, wintergreen 10-20, Chinese medicine slag 10-15, sodium alginate 20-30, polyvinyl alcohol 10-15;
(2) by excrement of animals, corn flour, bamboo bits and Chinese medicine slag mixing, add appropriate water, controlled humidity is 40-45%, after stirring, in 25-35 DEG C of lower seal fermentation 10-15d, ferments successfully until be destitute of smell to be containing vinosity;
(3) mixed with attapulgite by above-mentioned fermentation product, add the making beating of appropriate water, concentration controls at 60-65%, 2000-3000rpm centrifugal dehydration 10-15min, and then at-5-~-2 DEG C, carry out freeze drying process, being dried to water content is 3-5%;
(4), after being mixed with alum powder, sepiolite powder by the lyophilized products that step (3) is obtained, oil foot and wintergreen is added, 2000-3000rpm high speed dispersion 10-20min;
(5) get sodium alginate and carboxymethyl cellulose mixes, then add 3-5 times of water, after stirring, mucus is sprayed equably on the dispersion that step (4) is obtained, granulation, dry, obtain slow-releasing granules fertilizer.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
The present invention, before the field planting of hay kind, adopts quicklime, garlic residue powder, tea bran powder and pyroligneous liquor to disinfecting soil process, has purified the growing environment of wild rice stem, also improved the fertility of soil simultaneously; The present invention topdresses in process, uses homemade slowly-releasing organic granular fertilizer, and its fertilizer efficiency is more lasting, can not run off in a large number, substantially increase the fertilizer efficiency rate of fertilizer because of the fertilizer caused by climatic variation, can also improve soil simultaneously, keep soil from packing together.Cultivation method of the present invention is simple, and cost is low, and yield is high, convenient management, is applicable to extensive cultivation, by spread, can improves the quality and yield with stable wild rice stem significantly, have significant social benefit, economic benefit and ecological benefits.
Embodiment
A kind of wild rice stem high quality and yield cultivation techniques, comprises the following steps:
(1) selection of land wholely
Select that sunny, irrigation and drainage are convenient, layer depth thick fertile, be rich in organic field plantation wild rice stem, plant first 1 month, mu executes quicklime 100kg, garlic residue powder 50kg, tea bran powder 20kg, pyroligneous liquor 40kg carry out soil disinfection and regulate P in soil H value to 6.2; Then use sufficient base fertilizer, mu executes farm organic fertilizer 1500kg, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 100kg, rock phosphate 40kg, alum powder 20, potassium sulfate 10kg, ploughs and rakes, require tilling depth 25cm, mixed by fertilizer with soil;
(2) seedling prepares
The excellent maternal plant clump chosen autumn has dug, and subterranean stem section also stays 2 joint excisions, and will post rice seedling bed and rake, and keep depth of water 1.5cm, execute the night soil 450kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed for every mu and make base manure, then press line-spacing 50cm, clump posts cultivation apart from 20cm;
(3) field planting
April early and middle ten days, hay height of seedling 20cm, field planting during temperature 14 DEG C, from post rice seedling bed take out maternal plant, be divided into little pier, require that old stem is all with by every little pier, and have healthy seedling 4 strain, plant by the standard of line-spacing 100cm, spacing in the rows 50cm, Planting Densities is 2.8 ten thousand piers/mu;
(4) field management
1. topdress
After wild rice stem field planting 12d, namely turn green and enter tillering stage, for impelling effective tiller early to send out multiple, now should topdress, executing slow-releasing granules fertilizer 2000kg for every mu, another time is topdressed and is executed quinhydrones coated carbamide 250kg, potassium chloride 80kg early August every mu;
2. depth of water management
Setting date depth of water 4cm, 8cm in early stage of tillering, the later stage of tillering adds gradually and is deep to 10cm, 7-8 month high temperature season 12cm, summer and autumn many heavy rains, note draining, do not make water logging cross wild rice stem eye, autumn hay water level picking time is advisable with 5cm;
3. weed the fields, weeding, beat Lao Ye
Start weeding of weeding the fields after field planting survives, 8d carries out 1 time, totally 2 times, tillers the later stage, and namely from July early and middle ten days, remove strong yellow leaf from leaf sheath base, weeds, strong yellow leaf all should tread in mud;
4. seed selection in autumn
Selection criterion is: ashless hay and male hay in hay pier, and variety characteristic is obvious, the more and neat and consistent of knot hay, and a kind of sedge pipe is relatively low; Selecting maternal plant clump to perform mark in reply, as posting seedling nursery, then should remove in time for grey hay, robust hay and different product plant;
(5) sick worm control of weeds
The trappings such as insect pest available frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp, double wave lamp, also can with trappings such as insect sex pheromones, hay duck also can be utilized to overlap the technology of supporting, obviously can suppress insect pest, carry out rural area to clean, improve permeability between strain, remove wild rice stem plant residue and limit, field weeds in time, to wild rice stem damage by disease and insect successfuls such as control wild rice stem snout moth's larva, long green plant hopper, wild rice hair eye ephydrid, wild rice stem oriental sesame leaf pinta, wild rice stem rust and Water Bamboo Sheath Blights;
(6) gather
Wild rice stem leaf sheath base cracking, when exposing white hay meat, for suitable collection period, hay picking time in autumn is that mid or late September is to mid or late October, gather autumn hay time twist into two parts in the middle part of a kind of sedge pipe careful, can not injure root system in order to avoid affect growth in the 2nd year, gathering band shell wild rice stem to concentrate to arrange with running water or clean reservoir water cleaning classification packs.
Wherein, the preparation method of described slow-releasing granules fertilizer is as follows:
(1) press column weight amount (kilogram) and take raw material:
Excrement of animals 100, attapulgite 30, oil foot 15, alum powder 10, sepiolite powder 8, bamboo bits 25, corn flour 30, wintergreen 15, Chinese medicine slag 10, sodium alginate 20, polyvinyl alcohol 10;
(2) by excrement of animals, corn flour, bamboo bits and Chinese medicine slag mixing, add appropriate water, controlled humidity is 45%, after stirring, and in 30 DEG C of lower seals fermentation 12d, ferments successfully until be destitute of smell to be containing vinosity;
(3) mixed with attapulgite by above-mentioned fermentation product, add appropriate water making beating, concentration controls, at 65%, 3000rpm centrifugal dehydration 10min, then at-3 DEG C, to carry out freeze drying process, and being dried to water content is 4%;
(4), after being mixed with alum powder, sepiolite powder by the lyophilized products that step (3) is obtained, oil foot and wintergreen is added, 3000rpm high speed dispersion 10min;
(5) get sodium alginate and carboxymethyl cellulose mixes, then add 4 times of water, after stirring, mucus is sprayed equably on the dispersion that step (4) is obtained, granulation, dry, obtain slow-releasing granules fertilizer.
Compared with the wild rice stem product that the wild rice stem product utilizing above-mentioned complex art to produce and conventional method plant, there is following advantage:
。
Claims (1)
1. a wild rice stem cultivating superior high-yield method, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
(1) selection of land wholely
Select that sunny, irrigation and drainage are convenient, soil layer deep fertile, be rich in organic field plantation wild rice stem, plant first 1 month, mu executes quicklime 100-120kg, garlic residue powder 50-60kg, tea bran powder 20-30kg, pyroligneous liquor 40-50kg carry out soil disinfection and regulate soil pH value to 6.0-6.5; Then use sufficient base fertilizer, mu executes farm organic fertilizer 1500-2000kg, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 100-150kg, rock phosphate 40-60kg, alum powder 20-30kg, potassium sulfate 10-15kg, ploughs and rakes, require tilling depth 20-30cm, mixed by fertilizer with soil;
(2) seedling prepares
The excellent maternal plant clump chosen autumn has dug, and subterranean stem section also stays 1-2 to save excision, will post rice seedling bed and rake, and keeps depth of water 1-2cm, executes the night soil 400-500kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed for every mu and make base manure, then press line-spacing 40-50cm, and clump posts cultivation apart from 15-20cm;
(3) field planting
April early and middle ten days, hay height of seedling 18-22cm, field planting during temperature 13-15 DEG C, from post rice seedling bed take out maternal plant, be divided into little pier, require that old stem is all with by every little pier, and have healthy seedling 3-5 strain, plant by the standard of line-spacing 80-100cm, spacing in the rows 40-50cm, Planting Densities is 2.5-3.0 ten thousand piers/mu;
(4) field management
1. topdress
After wild rice stem field planting 10-15d, namely turning green and enter tillering stage, for impelling effective tiller early to send out multiple, now should topdress, execute slow-releasing granules fertilizer 2000-2500kg for every mu, another time is topdressed and is executed quinhydrones coated carbamide 250-300kg, potassium chloride 80-100kg early August every mu;
2. depth of water management
Setting date depth of water 3-5cm, 5-10cm in early stage of tillering, the later stage of tillering adds gradually and is deep to 10-12cm, 7-8 month high temperature season 10-15cm, summer and autumn many heavy rains, note draining, do not make water logging cross wild rice stem eye, autumn hay water level picking time is 4-5cm;
3. weed the fields, weeding, beat Lao Ye
Start weeding of weeding the fields after field planting survives, 8-10d carries out 1 time, 2-3 time altogether, tillers the later stage, and namely from July early and middle ten days, from leaf sheath base removing strong yellow leaf, weeds, strong yellow leaf all tread in mud;
4. seed selection in autumn
Selection criterion is: ashless hay and male hay in hay pier, and variety characteristic is obvious, the more and neat and consistent of knot hay, and a kind of sedge pipe is relatively low; Selecting maternal plant clump to perform mark in reply, as posting seedling nursery, then should remove in time for grey hay, robust hay and different product plant;
(5) sick worm control of weeds
Insect pest frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp, double wave lamp, insect sex pheromone are trapped and killed, or utilize hay duck to overlap the technology of supporting, obviously can suppress insect pest, carry out rural area to clean, improve permeability between strain, timely removing wild rice stem plant residue and limit, field weeds, to control wild rice stem snout moth's larva, long green plant hopper, wild rice hair eye ephydrid, wild rice stem oriental sesame leaf pinta, wild rice stem rust and Water Bamboo Sheath Blight successful;
(6) gather
Wild rice stem leaf sheath base cracking, when exposing white hay meat, for suitable collection period, hay picking time in autumn is that mid or late September is to mid or late October, gather autumn hay time carefully twist into two parts in the middle part of a kind of sedge pipe, can not injure root system in order to avoid affect growth in the 2nd year, gathering band shell wild rice stem to concentrate to arrange with running water or clean reservoir water cleaning classification packs;
The preparation method of described slow-releasing granules fertilizer is as follows:
1) press row weight portion and take raw material:
Excrement of animals 100-150, attapulgite 30-50, oil foot 15-20, alum powder 10-20, sepiolite powder 5-10, bamboo bits 20-30, corn flour 30-40, wintergreen 10-20, Chinese medicine slag 10-15, sodium alginate 20-30, polyvinyl alcohol 10-15;
2) by excrement of animals, corn flour, bamboo bits and Chinese medicine slag mixing, add appropriate water, controlled humidity is 40-45%, after stirring, in 25-35 DEG C of lower seal fermentation 10-15d, ferments successfully until be destitute of smell to be containing vinosity;
3) mixed with attapulgite by above-mentioned fermentation product, add appropriate water making beating, concentration controls, at 60-65%, 2000-3000rpm centrifugal dehydration 10-15min, then at-5 ~-2 DEG C, to carry out freeze drying process, and being dried to water content is 3-5%;
4), after being mixed with alum powder, sepiolite powder by the lyophilized products that step 3) is obtained, oil foot and wintergreen is added, 2000-3000rpm high speed dispersion 10-20min;
5) get sodium alginate and polyvinyl alcohol mixing evenly, then add 3-5 times of water, after stirring, mucus is sprayed equably on the dispersion that step 4) is obtained, granulation, dry, obtain slow-releasing granules fertilizer.
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