CN107396753A - A kind of cultivation technique of Silicon-rich flat mushroom - Google Patents
A kind of cultivation technique of Silicon-rich flat mushroom Download PDFInfo
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- CN107396753A CN107396753A CN201710721508.4A CN201710721508A CN107396753A CN 107396753 A CN107396753 A CN 107396753A CN 201710721508 A CN201710721508 A CN 201710721508A CN 107396753 A CN107396753 A CN 107396753A
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Abstract
The present invention is a kind of cultivation technique of Silicon-rich flat mushroom, discloses a kind of base-material based on Chinese medicine slag, corncob, cotton seed hulls by flat mushroom is cultivated in a manner of Common Cultivation, sprays siliceous nutrient solution in fruiting period, make the increased cultivation technique of flat mushroom silicone content.The preparation method of the base-material is that lime 6 8%, urea 1 3% first are added into material-water ratio for 1:1 1.4 water dissolving, Chinese medicine slag 25 30%, corncob 20 25%, cotton seed hulls 15 20%, gypsum 4 6%, calcium superphosphate 5 7%, 50% carbendazim 0.1 0.5%, organic silicon solution 0.1 0.5% is added to mix, plastic covering film stack ferments, 70 DEG C of temperature 60 C, turning 45 times is carried out, obtains water content as 60% 70% base-material.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technical field of cultivation of edible mushroom, and in particular to a kind of cultivation technique of Silicon-rich flat mushroom.
Background technology
Flat mushroom, also known as pick up the ears, oyster cap fungus, oyster mushroom, black tree peony mushroom, it is that Mycophyta door is true that TaiWan, China, which is also known as elegant precious mushroom,
The sub- parenchymalia that bacterium is picked up the ears, it is that kind of a fairly common grey eats mushroom, flat mushroom contains egg containing abundant nutriment per hectogram product
20-23 grams of white matter, and aminoacid ingredient is complete, content of mineral substances very abundant, and amino acid classes are complete.The traditional Chinese medical science thinks flat mushroom
It is warm-natured, sweet, there is the effect of wind-evil dispelling and cold-evil expelling, relaxing tendons and activating collaterals, for controlling lumbocrural pain, the illness such as numb in every limb, grain is obstructed,
Proteoglycan body in flat mushroom has very strong inhibitory action to cancer cell, can strengthen body's immunity.
The cultivation of flat mushroom at present is because of its strain and the inadaptability in season, the problems such as the pollution of culture environment and compost,
May result in strain do not send out mushroom, hair mushroom it is slow, cause Yield of Pleurotus Ostreatus to reduce.And there has been no on Silicon-rich flat mushroom product on the market
Sale, the patent about Silicon-rich product is also seldom.
The content of the invention
In order to solve the above problems, the invention provides a kind of cultivation technique of Silicon-rich flat mushroom, it is possible to increase the production of flat mushroom
Amount, improving quality, and flat mushroom is rich in silicon matter.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：
A kind of cultivation technique of Silicon-rich flat mushroom, comprises the following steps：
(1) compost is prepared：First by lime, urea and water dissolve, add Chinese medicine slag, corncob, cotton seed hulls, gypsum,
Calcium superphosphate, 50% carbendazim, organic silicon solution mix, and the fermentation of plastic covering film stack, -70 DEG C of temperature 60 C, enter
Row turning 4-5 times, obtain the base-material that water content is 60%-70%；
(2) charging inoculation：Base-material is loaded in polybag, two tightens compacting, is sterilized under 0.15MPa high-temperature vapours
2h, cooling chamber is moved into after decompression, when bag temperature drop is to 30 DEG C, load 50 × 25cm polyethylene cylinder bag, by three layers of base-material, four layers of bacterium
The method inoculation of kind；
(3) mycelia is cultivated：Bacterium bag is placed on 20-25 DEG C, bacterium germination under conditions of relative humidity 65%-75%, turned over per 2-3d
Heap, when material temperature rises to 32 DEG C, answers timely ventilation and heat, controls 25 DEG C of material temperature, and bacterium bag is rotated into 180 ° per 10d；
(4) management of producing mushroom：When charge level is covered with white hypha, the tying of bag both sides can be untied to ventilation, keep room temperature 14-
18 DEG C, relative humidity 85%-90%, when young mushroom is grown to broad bean size, water and organic silicon solution are sprayed per 2d；
(5) harvest：Fructification is most heavy, can be harvested when cap is medium well, after having adopted first batch, spray siliceous nutrient solution and
Water, it can continue to harvest 3-4 stubbles.
Above-mentioned steps (1) described base-material includes following component：Chinese medicine slag 25-30%, corncob 20-25%, cotton seed hulls
It is 15-20%, lime 6-8%, calcium superphosphate 5-7%, gypsum 4-6%, urea 1-3%, 50% carbendazim 0.1-0.5%, organic
Silicon solution 0.1-0.5%.
Above-mentioned steps (1) described corncob is to select no moulding material corncob, the lime water logging for being 13-14 with pH value
24h is steeped, and a small amount of organic silicon solution is added in limewash, after corncob all inhales permeable point, pulls out and is cleaned with clear water, made
PH value is 6-8, and iblet size is ground into after drying.
Above-mentioned steps (1) described Chinese medicine slag is to spread Chinese medicine slag in ground, picks out non-plant hard medicine raw material,
Through being exposed to the sun to water content 40%, graininess is ground into.
The ratio of the water that above-mentioned steps (1) add and material body is 1-1.4:1.
Above-mentioned steps (1) described organic silicon solution is the one or more in sodium metasilicate, potassium silicate, ammonium silicate solution.
Above-mentioned steps (5) the siliceous nutrient solution is by 1% composite fertilizer, 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5% urea, 0.5%
What siliceous fertilizer and 97% water were made into.
The related introduction that the present invention prepares the raw material of base-material is as follows：
Chinese medicine slag：Chinese medicine is mainly made up of plant, animal and part mineral substance medicinal material, wherein plant medicinal material account for 87% with
On, the main component contained in the plant dregs of a decoction has：Cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, fat, protein, polysaccharide etc.,
In addition also containing a variety of mineral matter elements needed by human such as calcium, iron, magnesium, zinc, copper.
Cotton seed hulls：Also referred to as cotton skin, is unginned cotton remaining shell after decorticator separates, and unginned cotton is gone by cotton ginning machining
Cotton skin is obtained except cottonseed.The boll hull of light seed production is all to lack suede shell or " iron-clad " iron-clad, the few boll hull cellulose of cotton benevolence powder mostly
Content is few and is applied to cultivation domestomycetes, and the boll hull content of cellulose more than the more cotton benevolence powder of suede is more and is applied to cultivation straw rotting fungus.Cotton
Seed shell is referred to as the omnipotent culture medium of edible and medical fungi.
Corncob：The processing of corncob corn rod threshing is made by strict screening again.Starch is the main of corncob
One of part, containing abundant starch, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin etc. in corncob, crude protein, thick fat in addition
Fat, total reducing sugar, amino acid and mineral element are also the composition in corncob, and corncob also has flavonoids and polyphenol components.
Compared with prior art, usefulness of the present invention is：
The present invention come culturing edible fungus, can not only be supplied to food using waste agronomic crops such as Chinese medicine slag, cotton seed hulls, corncobs
With nutriment necessary to bacteria growing, and the cost of the waste agronomic crop such as Chinese medicine slag, cotton seed hulls, corncob is cheap, source is wide
It is general, be easy to storage, it is easy to make, additionally it is possible to improve resource utilization, reduce environmental pollution.
For Chinese medicine after extracting its active ingredient, its dregs of a decoction has also remained substantial amounts of carbon source, nitrogen source, is eaten using Chinese medicine slag
With the cultivation of bacterium, edible mushroom fertilizer can be supplied to, moreover it is possible to solve environmental pollution caused by after Chinese medicine slag is burned.Cotton seed hulls, jade
Meter Xin can be also used for culturing edible fungus in addition to available for forage feed poultry is fabricated to, and necessity is provided for the growth of edible mushroom
The nutriment such as carbon source, nitrogen source and vitamin.
Embodiment
In order that the technical means, the inventive features, the objects and the advantages of the present invention are easy to understand, tie below
Specific embodiment is closed, the present invention is expanded on further.
Embodiment 1
A kind of cultivation technique of Silicon-rich flat mushroom, comprises the following steps：
(1) compost is prepared：First by lime, urea and water dissolve, add Chinese medicine slag, corncob, cotton seed hulls, gypsum,
Calcium superphosphate, 50% carbendazim, organic silicon solution mix, and the fermentation of plastic covering film stack, temperature 60 C, carry out turning
4 times, obtain the base-material that water content is 60%；
(2) charging inoculation：Base-material is loaded in polybag, two tightens compacting, is sterilized under 0.15MPa high-temperature vapours
2h, cooling chamber is moved into after decompression, when bag temperature drop is to 30 DEG C, load 50 × 25cm polyethylene cylinder bag, by three layers of base-material, four layers of bacterium
The method inoculation of kind；
(3) mycelia is cultivated：Bacterium bag is placed on 20 DEG C, bacterium germination under conditions of relative humidity 65%, a heap is turned over per 2d, when
When material temperature rises to 32 DEG C, timely ventilation and heat is answered, controls 25 DEG C of material temperature, bacterium bag is rotated 180 ° per 10d；
(4) management of producing mushroom：When charge level is covered with white hypha, the tying of bag both sides can be untied to ventilation, keep room temperature 14
DEG C, relative humidity 85%, when young mushroom is grown to broad bean size, water and organic silicon solution are sprayed per 2d；
(5) harvest：Fructification is most heavy, can be harvested when cap is medium well, after having adopted first batch, spray siliceous nutrient solution and
Water, it can continue to harvest 3-4 stubbles.
Above-mentioned steps (1) described base-material includes following component：Chinese medicine slag 25%, corncob 20%, cotton seed hulls 15%, lime
6%th, calcium superphosphate 5%, gypsum 4%, urea 1%, 50% carbendazim 0.1%, organic silicon solution 0.1%.
Above-mentioned steps (1) described corncob is to select no moulding material corncob, is soaked with the limewash that pH value is 13
24h, and a small amount of organic silicon solution is added in limewash, after corncob all inhales permeable point, pull out and cleaned with clear water, make PH
It is worth for 6, iblet size is ground into after drying.
Above-mentioned steps (1) described Chinese medicine slag is to spread Chinese medicine slag in ground, picks out non-plant hard medicine raw material,
Through being exposed to the sun to water content 40%, graininess is ground into.
The ratio of the water that above-mentioned steps (1) add and material body is 1:1.
Above-mentioned steps (1) described organic silicon solution is the one or more in sodium metasilicate, potassium silicate, ammonium silicate solution.
Above-mentioned steps (5) the siliceous nutrient solution is by 1% composite fertilizer, 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5% urea, 0.5%
What siliceous fertilizer and 97% water were made into.
Embodiment 2
A kind of cultivation technique of Silicon-rich flat mushroom, comprises the following steps：
(1) compost is prepared：First by lime, urea and water dissolve, add Chinese medicine slag, corncob, cotton seed hulls, gypsum,
Calcium superphosphate, 50% carbendazim, organic silicon solution mix, and the fermentation of plastic covering film stack, 65 DEG C of temperature, carry out turning
5 times, obtain the base-material that water content is 65%；
(2) charging inoculation：Base-material is loaded in polybag, two tightens compacting, is sterilized under 0.15MPa high-temperature vapours
2h, cooling chamber is moved into after decompression, when bag temperature drop is to 30 DEG C, load 50 × 25cm polyethylene cylinder bag, by three layers of base-material, four layers of bacterium
The method inoculation of kind；
(3) mycelia is cultivated：Bacterium bag is placed on 23 DEG C, bacterium germination under conditions of relative humidity 70%, a heap is turned over per 3d, when
When material temperature rises to 32 DEG C, timely ventilation and heat is answered, controls 25 DEG C of material temperature, bacterium bag is rotated 180 ° per 10d；
(4) management of producing mushroom：When charge level is covered with white hypha, the tying of bag both sides can be untied to ventilation, keep room temperature 16
DEG C, relative humidity 88%, when young mushroom is grown to broad bean size, water and organic silicon solution are sprayed per 2d；
(5) harvest：Fructification is most heavy, can be harvested when cap is medium well, after having adopted first batch, spray siliceous nutrient solution and
Water, it can continue to harvest 3-4 stubbles.
Above-mentioned steps (1) described base-material includes following component：Chinese medicine slag 28%, corncob 23%, cotton seed hulls 18%, lime
7%th, calcium superphosphate 6%, gypsum 5%, urea 2%, 50% carbendazim 0.3%, organic silicon solution 0.3%.
Above-mentioned steps (1) described corncob is to select no moulding material corncob, is soaked with the limewash that pH value is 13.5
24h, and a small amount of organic silicon solution is added in limewash, after corncob all inhales permeable point, pull out and cleaned with clear water, make PH
It is worth for 7, iblet size is ground into after drying.
Above-mentioned steps (1) described Chinese medicine slag is to spread Chinese medicine slag in ground, picks out non-plant hard medicine raw material,
Through being exposed to the sun to water content 40%, graininess is ground into.
The ratio of the water that above-mentioned steps (1) add and material body is 1.2:1.
Above-mentioned steps (1) described organic silicon solution is the one or more in sodium metasilicate, potassium silicate, ammonium silicate solution.
Above-mentioned steps (5) the siliceous nutrient solution is by 1% composite fertilizer, 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5% urea, 0.5%
What siliceous fertilizer and 97% water were made into.
Embodiment 3
A kind of cultivation technique of Silicon-rich flat mushroom, comprises the following steps：
(1) compost is prepared：First by lime, urea and water dissolve, add Chinese medicine slag, corncob, cotton seed hulls, gypsum,
Calcium superphosphate, 50% carbendazim, organic silicon solution mix, and the fermentation of plastic covering film stack, temperature 70 C, carry out turning
5 times, obtain the base-material that water content is 70%；
(2) charging inoculation：Base-material is loaded in polybag, two tightens compacting, is sterilized under 0.15MPa high-temperature vapours
2h, cooling chamber is moved into after decompression, when bag temperature drop is to 30 DEG C, load 50 × 25cm polyethylene cylinder bag, by three layers of base-material, four layers of bacterium
The method inoculation of kind；
(3) mycelia is cultivated：Bacterium bag is placed on 25 DEG C, bacterium germination under conditions of relative humidity 75%, a heap is turned over per 3d, when
When material temperature rises to 32 DEG C, timely ventilation and heat is answered, controls 25 DEG C of material temperature, bacterium bag is rotated 180 ° per 10d；
(4) management of producing mushroom：When charge level is covered with white hypha, the tying of bag both sides can be untied to ventilation, keep room temperature 18
DEG C, relative humidity 90%, when young mushroom is grown to broad bean size, water and organic silicon solution are sprayed per 2d；
(5) harvest：Fructification is most heavy, can be harvested when cap is medium well, after having adopted first batch, spray siliceous nutrient solution and
Water, it can continue to harvest 3-4 stubbles.
Above-mentioned steps (1) described base-material includes following component：Chinese medicine slag 30%, corncob 25%, cotton seed hulls 20%, lime
8%th, calcium superphosphate 7%, gypsum 6%, urea 3%, 50% carbendazim 0.5%, organic silicon solution 0.5%.
Above-mentioned steps (1) described corncob is to select no moulding material corncob, is soaked with the limewash that pH value is 14
24h, and a small amount of organic silicon solution is added in limewash, after corncob all inhales permeable point, pull out and cleaned with clear water, make PH
It is worth for 8, iblet size is ground into after drying.
Above-mentioned steps (1) described Chinese medicine slag is to spread Chinese medicine slag in ground, picks out non-plant hard medicine raw material,
Through being exposed to the sun to water content 40%, graininess is ground into.
The ratio of the water that above-mentioned steps (1) add and material body is 1.4:1.
Above-mentioned steps (1) described organic silicon solution is the one or more in sodium metasilicate, potassium silicate, ammonium silicate solution.
Above-mentioned steps (5) the siliceous nutrient solution is by 1% composite fertilizer, 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5% urea, 0.5%
What siliceous fertilizer and 97% water were made into.
Comparative example 1
Difference with embodiment 1 is, base-material corncob, boll hull, wheat bran, gypsum, lime, 50% carbendazim of flat mushroom
And the composition such as composite fertilizer, do not add organic silicon solution.
Comparative example 2
Difference with embodiment 1 is, bacterium bag is placed on into 26-30 DEG C, bacterium germination under conditions of relative humidity 76%-80%.
Comparative example 3
Difference with embodiment 1 is, during the preparation of base-material and fruiting, does not add organic silicon solution and siliceous
Nutrient solution.
Comparative example 4
Difference with embodiment 1 is, in the preparation process of base-material, the ratio of the water and material body of addition is 1.5:1.
Comparative example 5
Difference with embodiment 1 is, base-material is loaded in polybag, does not just start to be inoculated with by disinfecting.
Efficacy validation
Existing vacant room, basement etc. can be transform as mushroom house, mushroom house should sit in the north facing the south, and be located at high-land, close to water
Source, draining are easily local.To be sterilized before mushroom house use, bedstead is set in mushroom house, according to embodiment 1,2,3 and comparative example 1,
2nd, 3,4,5 cultural method is cultivated.
As a result it is as follows：
| Embodiment | Average time/d of long purseful | Pollution rate % | Yield (kg/100kg material) |
| Embodiment 1 | 16 | 3 | 547 |
| Embodiment 2 | 15 | 3 | 561 |
| Embodiment 3 | 13 | 3 | 580 |
| Comparative example 1 | 18 | 5 | 482 |
| Comparative example 2 | 20 | 8 | 466 |
| Comparative example 3 | 23 | 6 | 475 |
| Comparative example 4 | 21 | 8 | 450 |
| Comparative example 5 | 25 | 12 | 422 |
From above table, flat mushroom is cultivated using the planting type of embodiment 1,2,3, with comparative example 1,2,3,4,5
Planting type is compared, and the growth period of flat mushroom is shorter, and yield is high, of reduced contamination.Illustrate a kind of Silicon-rich flat mushroom provided by the invention
Cultivation technique, it is possible to increase the yield of flat mushroom, and make its pollution rate reduction, growth cycle shorten.
Embodiment described above only expresses the several embodiments of the present invention, and its description is more specific and detailed, but simultaneously
Therefore the limitation to the scope of the claims of the present invention can not be interpreted as.It should be pointed out that for one of ordinary skill in the art
For, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, various modifications and improvements can be made, these belong to the guarantor of the present invention
Protect scope.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of cultivation technique of Silicon-rich flat mushroom, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
(1) base-material is prepared：First lime, urea are dissolved in water, add Chinese medicine slag, corncob, cotton seed hulls, gypsum, peroxophosphoric acid
Calcium, 50% carbendazim, organic silicon solution mix, and the fermentation of plastic covering film stack, -70 DEG C of temperature 60 C, carry out turning
4-5 times, obtain the base-material that water content is 60%-70%；
(2) charging inoculation：Base-material is loaded in polybag, two tightens compacting, and sterilize 2h under 0.15MPa high-temperature vapours, drop
Cooling chamber is moved into after pressure, when bag temperature drop is to 30 DEG C, loads 50 × 25cm polyethylene cylinder bag, by the side of three layers of base-material, four layers of strain
Method is inoculated with；
(3) mycelia is cultivated：Bacterium bag is placed on 20-25 DEG C, bacterium germination under conditions of relative humidity 65%-75%, turned over once per 2-3d
Heap, when material temperature rises to 32 DEG C, timely ventilation and heat, controls 25 DEG C of material temperature, and bacterium bag is rotated into 180 ° per 10d；
(4) management of producing mushroom：When charge level is covered with white hypha, the tying of bag both sides is untied into ventilation, keeps 14-18 DEG C of room temperature,
Relative humidity 85%-90%, when young mushroom is grown to broad bean size, water and organic silicon solution are sprayed per 2d；
(5) harvest：Fructification is most heavy, can be harvested when cap is medium well, after having adopted first batch, sprays siliceous nutrient solution and water,
It can continue to harvest 3-4 stubbles.
A kind of 2. cultivation technique of Silicon-rich flat mushroom according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step (1) the base-material bag
Include following component：Chinese medicine slag 25-30%, corncob 20-25%, cotton seed hulls 15-20%, gypsum 4-6%, calcium superphosphate 5-7%,
Lime 6-8%, urea 1-3%, 50% carbendazim 0.1-0.5%, organic silicon solution 0.1-0.5%.
3. the cultivation technique of a kind of Silicon-rich flat mushroom according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the corncob is to select nothing
Moulding material corncob, the limewash for being 13-14 with pH value soaks 24h, and a small amount of organic silicon solution is added in limewash, when
After corncob all inhales permeable point, pull out and cleaned with clear water, it is 6-8 to make pH value, and iblet size is ground into after drying.
4. the cultivation technique of a kind of Silicon-rich flat mushroom according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the Chinese medicine slag is by Chinese medicine
Slag is spread in ground, is picked out non-plant hard medicine raw material, through being exposed to the sun to water content 40%, is ground into graininess.
A kind of 5. cultivation technique of Silicon-rich flat mushroom according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step (1) the base-material system
The ratio of the standby water added and material body is 1-1.4:1.
A kind of 6. cultivation technique of Silicon-rich flat mushroom according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step (1) organosilicon
Solution is the one or more in sodium metasilicate, potassium silicate, ammonium silicate solution.
A kind of 7. cultivation technique of Silicon-rich flat mushroom according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the siliceous battalion of the step (5)
Nutrient solution is made into by 1% composite fertilizer, 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5% urea, 0.5% siliceous fertilizer and 97% water.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108834756A (en) * | 2018-08-13 | 2018-11-20 | 重庆市映山红食用菌有限公司 | A kind of cultural method of oyster mushroom |
| CN109042068A (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2018-12-21 | 安徽铜草花现代农业科技有限公司 | A method of producing oyster mushroom |
| CN109042065A (en) * | 2018-08-28 | 2018-12-21 | 铜陵盛牛菌业有限责任公司 | A kind of cultural method of oyster mushroom |
| CN109362485A (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2019-02-22 | 安徽铜草花现代农业科技有限公司 | A kind of oyster mushroom plantation preparation method of culture medium |
| CN112568058A (en) * | 2020-12-09 | 2021-03-30 | 山西省农业科学院棉花研究所 | Culture medium and cultivation method for pleurotus ostreatus by using giant oasis I-grass |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105875302A (en) * | 2016-04-06 | 2016-08-24 | 天元素健康科技（北京）有限公司 | Planting method of silicon-rich paddy rice |
| CN106258490A (en) * | 2016-08-17 | 2017-01-04 | 王瑜琳 | A kind of cultural method of mushroom with abundant selenium |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108834756A (en) * | 2018-08-13 | 2018-11-20 | 重庆市映山红食用菌有限公司 | A kind of cultural method of oyster mushroom |
| CN109042065A (en) * | 2018-08-28 | 2018-12-21 | 铜陵盛牛菌业有限责任公司 | A kind of cultural method of oyster mushroom |
| CN109042068A (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2018-12-21 | 安徽铜草花现代农业科技有限公司 | A method of producing oyster mushroom |
| CN109362485A (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2019-02-22 | 安徽铜草花现代农业科技有限公司 | A kind of oyster mushroom plantation preparation method of culture medium |
| CN112568058A (en) * | 2020-12-09 | 2021-03-30 | 山西省农业科学院棉花研究所 | Culture medium and cultivation method for pleurotus ostreatus by using giant oasis I-grass |
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