CN101307183B - 环氧树脂组合物、用其包封的固态器件及方法 - Google Patents
环氧树脂组合物、用其包封的固态器件及方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101307183B CN101307183B CN2008100993536A CN200810099353A CN101307183B CN 101307183 B CN101307183 B CN 101307183B CN 2008100993536 A CN2008100993536 A CN 2008100993536A CN 200810099353 A CN200810099353 A CN 200810099353A CN 101307183 B CN101307183 B CN 101307183B
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Abstract
本发明披露了环氧树脂组合物,其包含(A)至少一种有机硅树脂,(B)至少一种环氧树脂,(C)至少一种酸酐固化剂,(D)至少一种硅氧烷表面活性剂,和(E)至少一种辅助固化催化剂。另外,本发明还披露了封装的固态器件,该器件包含封装、芯片(4)和包含本发明组合物的密封剂(11)。另外还提供了包封固态装置的方法。
Description
本申请是申请号为200310113881.x、申请日为2003年10月8日、发明名称为“环
氧树脂组合物、用其包封的固态器件及方法”的发明专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及环氧树脂组合物和用其包封的固态器件。本发明还涉及包封固态器件的方法。
背景技术
固态器件,有时称为半导体器件或光-电器件,包括发光二极管(LEDs)、电荷耦合器件(CCDs)、大规模集成电路(LSIs)、光电二极管、垂直空腔表面发射激光器(VCSELs)、光电晶体管,光电耦合器,光-电耦合器等等。上述器件常常显示出特定的包装需要。高效、高流明、固态白色LEDs需要新的封装材料,所述封装材料与常用的低强度、更长波长的LEDs所需的封装材料相比,能够抵抗更苛求的条件。普通的封装材料由于热、氧化和光降解过程的结合,经常逐渐损失光学和机械性能。
因此,一直需要用于固态器件的新的封装材料,所述封装材料希望具有如下性能,如在近紫外至可见光波长内的高透射性、长期热稳定性、抗氧化性、UV稳定性、热顺从性、防潮性、透明性、抗裂性、可抛光性、与用来包封浅色固态器件的其它材料的相容性、以及高的反射率。
发明内容
本发明者发现了特别适合于包封固态器件如发光二极管的可固化树脂组合物。在一个实施方案中,本发明涉及用于包封固态器件的环氧树脂组合物,其包含(A)至少一种硅树脂,(B)至少一种环氧树脂,(C)至少一种酸酐固化剂,(D)至少一种硅氧烷表面活性剂,和(E)至少一种辅助的固化催化剂。
在本发明的另一实施方案中,提供了一种封装的固态器件,包含;(a)封装;(b)芯片;和(c)包含如下组分的密封剂:(A)至少一种硅树脂,(B)至少一种环氧树脂,(C)至少一种酸酐固化剂,(D)至少一种硅氧烷表面活性剂,和(E)至少一种辅助固化催化剂。
在本发明另一实施方案中,提供了用于包封固态器件的方法,包括:将固态器件置于包封组合物中,所述组合物包含(A)至少一种硅树脂,(B)至少一种环氧树脂,(C)至少一种酸酐固化剂,(D)至少一种硅氧烷表面活性剂,和(E)至少一种辅助的固化催化剂。
本发明的其它特征、方面和优点,在参考下述说明和所附的权利要求书之后将变得更加清楚。
附图说明
图1示出了LED器件的示意图。
图2示出了垂直空腔表面发射激光器器件的示意图。
图3示出了塑料基材上LED阵列的示意图。
图4示出了包含硅酮的环氧掺合物的UV-VIS-近红外透射数据。
图5示出了包含硅酮的环氧掺合物的UV-VIS吸收光谱。
图6示出了包含硅酮的环氧掺合物的折射率对波长的数据。
具体实施方式
本发明人已确定,通过利用硅氧烷表面活性剂,有可能使硅树脂与环氧树脂相容,从而制备出固态器件的密封剂,其具有透明度、最佳的玻璃转变温度、希望的热膨胀特性、防潮性、折射率以及在特定波长的传输特性。密封剂组合物包含(A)至少一种硅树脂,(B)至少一种环氧树脂,(C)至少一种酸酐固化剂,(D)至少一种硅氧烷表面活性剂,和(E)至少一种辅助固化催化剂。利用这些密封剂组合物的涂层提供了耐透水性以及耐热性。所获得的组合物还可以用作多芯片模块制造的粘合剂和介电体。所述粘合剂用来将芯片粘着至基材或软线(flex)上,用作层压介电薄膜如Kapton的粘合剂,以及用作提供防潮和耐磨保护层的介电层或顶层。所获得的配方还可以用作多芯片模块制造中嵌入器件的密封剂。
在本发明中,用作组分(A)的硅树脂包含如下结构式(I)所给出的物质。
在一些实施方案中,硅树脂包含结构式(I)的硅树脂,其中z通常在约1-10的范围内,更一般地在约2-5的范围内;R选自羟基、C1-22烷基、C1-22烷氧基、C2-22烯基、C6-14芳基、C6-22烷基取代的芳基、和C6-22芳烷基。另外,硅树脂可以是一种分支结构,其中R可以为OSiR3取代基,式中R3可为羟基、C1-22烷基、C1-22烷氧基、C2-22烯基、C6-14芳基、C6-22烷基取代的芳基、和C6-22芳烷基。
可用于本发明密封剂的环氧树脂(B)包括描述于如下文献中的那些树脂:“Chemistry and Technology of the Epoxy resins,”B.Ellis(Ed.)Chapman Hall 1993,New York,和“Epoxy resins Chemistry and Technology,”May and Y.Tanaka,Marcell Dekker 1972,New York。可用于本发明密封剂的环氧树脂包括:通过使含羟基、羧基或胺的化合物与表氯醇,优选在碱催化剂如金属氢氧化物如氢氢化钠存在下反应而生产的那些环氧树脂。还包括:通过使包含至少一个、优选两个或多个碳-碳双键的化合物与过氧化物,例如过氧酸反应而生产的环氧树脂。用于本发明的环氧树脂的例子包括:脂族的环氧树脂,脂环族环氧树脂、双酚-A环氧树脂、双酚-F环氧树脂、苯酚酚醛环氧树脂、甲酚-酚醛环氧树脂、联苯环氧树脂、联苯环氧树脂、4,4′-联苯环氧树脂、多官能环氧树脂、二乙烯基苯二氧化物和2-缩水甘油基苯基缩水甘油基醚。这些环氧树脂可以单独使用或至少两种环氧树脂组合使用。用于本发明的优选环氧树脂是脂环族环氧树脂和脂族的环氧树脂。脂族的环氧树脂包括:含至少一个脂族基和至少一个环氧基的化合物。脂族环氧化物的例子包括:二氧化丁二烯,二甲基戊烷二氧化物,二缩水甘油醚,1,4-丁二醇二缩水甘油醚,二甘醇二缩水甘油醚,和二戊烯二氧化物。
脂环族的环氧树脂是含至少约一个脂环族基和至少一个环氧己烷的化合物。例如,脂环族环氧化物每分子可以包含一个脂环族基和至少两个环氧乙烷环。具体例子包括2-(3,4-环氧)环己基-5,5-螺-(3,4-环氧)环己烷-间-二噁烷、3,4-环氧环己基烷基-3,4-环氧环己烷羧酸酯、3,4-环氧-6-甲基环己基甲基-3,4-环氧-6-甲基环己基羧酸酯、二氧化乙烯基环己烷、二(3,4-环氧环己基甲基)己二酸酯、二(3,4-环氧-6-甲基环己基甲基)己二酸酯、外型-外型二(2,3-环氧环戊基)醚、内型-外型二(2,3-环氧环戊基)醚、2,2-二(4-(2,3-环氧丙氧基)环己基)丙烷、2,6-二(2,3-环氧丙氧基环己基-对-二噁烷)、2,6-二(2,3-环氧丙氧基)降冰片烯、亚油酸二聚体的二缩水甘油醚、二氧化苎烯、2,2-二(3,4-环氧环己基)丙烷、二氧化二环戊二烯、1,2-环氧-6-(2,3-环氧丙氧基)六氢4,7-甲醇二氢茚(methanoindane)、对-(2,3-环氧)环戊基苯基-2,3-环氧丙基醚、1-(2,3-环氧丙氧基)苯基-5,6-环氧六氢-4,7-甲醇二氢茚、邻-(2,3-环氧)环戊基苯基-2,3-环氧丙基醚)、1,2-二[5-(1,2-环氧)-4,7-六氢甲醇二氢茚氧基]乙烷、环戊烯基苯基缩水甘油醚、环己二醇二缩水甘油醚和六氢苯二甲酸二缩水甘油酯。
本发明另外的举例性环氧树脂(B)包括如下结构式(II),(III),(IV)和(V)的那些环氧树脂。
为减少褪色,也可以将添加剂如热稳定剂或抗氧化剂与芳族环氧树脂一起使用。在组合物中增韧剂是有用的,以便减少脆性,并且增韧剂包括脂族环氧树脂,硅氧烷树脂,等等。
用作组分(C)的举例性酸酐固化剂通常包括结构式(VI)和VII)的那些物质,
以及二环[2.2.1]庚-5-烯-2,3-二羧酸酐,甲基二环[2.2.1]庚-5-烯-2,3-二羧酸酐,二环[2.2.1]庚-5-烯-2,3-二羧酸酐,邻苯二甲酸酐,均苯四酸二酐,六氢邻苯二甲酸酐,六氢-4-甲基邻苯二甲酸酐,十二烯基琥珀酸酐,二氯马来酸酐,氯菌酸酐,四氯邻苯二甲酸酐,等等。包含至少两种酸酐固化剂的混合物也可以使用。说明性例子描述于:“Chemistry and Technology of the Epoxy resins,”B.Ellis(Ed.)Chapman Hall 1993,New York,1993和“Epoxy resins Chemistry and Technology,”C.A.May编,Marcell Dekker New York,第二版,1988。
本发明人发现,通过使用硅氧烷表面活性剂(D),有可能将各种组分混入包封组合物中,除使该组合物具有抗震性以外,还具有均匀性,透明性,低散射特性,防潮性,和柔韧性。使用硅氧烷表面活性剂使本发明中使用的各种材料相容。通过界面张力的减少,硅氧烷表面活性剂可用来使不相容的材料相容成均质相(即均匀相),从而给出希望且所需的性能。例如,利用硅氧烷表面活性剂可以使硅树脂与环氧树脂相容。用于本发明的硅氧烷表面活性剂可以用聚乙二醇,聚丙二醇,聚丙二醇醚和取代的硅氧烷聚合物进行官能化。表面活性剂可以单独使用或以组合使用。可以用本发明的硅氧烷表面活性剂使硅树脂与环氧树脂、固化剂、和任选的折射率改性剂和热稳定剂相容成为均质的组合物,当固化时,所述组合物可以给出清澈、透明的密封剂组合物,其具有防潮性,耐溶剂性,抗裂性,耐热性,以及在给定波长范围内的UV吸收和光透射性。用于本发明的硅氧烷表面活性剂可以具有通式(VIII):
其中,R1和R2在每一种情况下独立地选自环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷和亚甲基。在本发明的一个实施方案中,R1可以是环氧乙烷,而R2可以是甲基。在另一实施方案中,R1可以是甲基,而R2可以是环氧乙烷。在第三实施方案中,R1可以是甲基,而R2可以是环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷的混合物。在结构(VIII)中,x和y的值在本发明的一个实施方案中可以在约0和约20之间,而在另一实施方案中可以在约3和约15之间。在本发明的第三实施方案中,在结构式(VIII)中x和y的值可以在约5和约10之间。在本发明的一个实施方案中,在表面活性剂中硅的百分比通常可以在硅氧烷表面活性剂总重量的约10重量%和约80重量%之间,而在本发明的第二实施方案中,其百分比可以在硅氧烷表面活性剂总重量的约20重量%和约60重量%之间。在第三实施方案中,硅含量可以在硅氧烷表面活性剂总重量的约25%和约50重量%之间。在一个实施方案中,用于本发明的硅氧烷表面活性剂其粘度在约10厘沲(cst)和约2000厘沲(cst)之间,而在第二实施方案中,其粘度在约100cst和约1000cst之间,并且在本发明的第三实施方案中,在约300cst和约600cst之间。当存在时,在本发明的一个实施方案中,硅氧烷表面活性剂中聚醚的分子量通常在约100和约2000之间,而在第二实施方案中,其分子量在约200和约1500之间,并且在本发明的第三实施方案中在约500和约1000之间。在另一实施方案中,可以用于使硅树脂和环氧树脂相容的硅氧烷表面活性剂为如下给出的结构式(IX)。
辅助固化催化剂的说明性例子(E)描述于如下文献中:“Chemistry andTechnology of the Epoxyresins,”B.Ellis编辑,Chapman Hall 1993,New York,和“Epoxy resins Chemistry and Technology,”C.A.May编,Marcell Dekker,NewYork,第2版,1988。在各种实施方案中,辅助固化催化剂包含有机金属盐,锍盐或碘鎓盐。在特定的实施方案中,辅助固化催化剂包含金属羰酸盐、金属乙酰丙酮化物、辛酸锌、辛酸亚锡、三芳基锍六氟磷酸盐、三芳基锍六氟锑酸盐(如由Sartomer Corporation出售的CD 1010)、二芳基碘鎓六氟锑酸盐、或二芳基碘鎓四(五氟苯基)硼酸盐中的至少一种。这些化合物可以单独使用或以至少两种化合物的组合使用。
硅树脂(A)、环氧树脂(B)、酸酐固化剂(C)、硅氧烷表面活性剂(D)、和、辅助固化催化剂(E)的用量可在宽范围内改变。在各种实施方案中,以硅树脂(A)、环氧树脂(B)、酸酐固化剂(C)、硅氧烷表面活性剂(D)、和、辅助固化催化剂(E)的总重量计,组合物中硅树脂的用量大于约40重量%。在有些实施方案中,以硅树脂(A)、环氧树脂(B)、酸酐固化剂(C)、硅氧烷表面活性剂(D)、和辅助固化催化剂(E)的总重量计,组合物中硅树脂的用量在约40重量%和约99重量%之间。在其它实施方案中,以硅树脂(A)、环氧树脂(B)、酸酐固化剂(C)、硅氧烷表面活性剂(D)、和辅助固化催化剂(E)的总重量计,组合物中硅树脂的用量在约76重量%和约99重量%之间。当将硅树脂、环氧树脂、硅氧烷表面活性剂、酸酐固化剂、和辅助固化催化剂混合成包封组合物并对该组合物进行固化和抛光时,所得到的表面可以是清澈、透明的,并且密封材料可以是防裂的并且可不散射光。
在本发明的各种实施方案中,以硅树脂(A)、环氧树脂(B)、酸酐固化剂(C)、硅氧烷表面活性剂(D)、和辅助固化催化剂(E)的总重量计,酸酐固化剂(C)在组合物中的用量小于约40重量%。在其它的实施方案中,以硅树脂(A)、环氧树脂(B)、酸酐固化剂(C)、硅氧烷表面活性剂(D)、和辅助固化催化剂(E)的总重量计,固化剂(C)在组合物中的用量小于约25重量%。在有些实施方案中,以硅树脂(A)、环氧树脂(B)、酸酐固化剂(C)、硅氧烷表面活性剂(D)、和辅助固化催化剂(E)的总重量计,酸酐固化剂(C)在组合物中的用量在约1重量%和约24重量%之间。在其它实施方案中,以硅树脂(A)、环氧树脂(B)、酸酐固化剂(C)、硅氧烷表面活性剂(D)和辅助固化催化剂(E)的总重量计,酸酐固化剂(C)在组合物中的用量在约1重量%和约20重量%之间。
在各种实施方案中,以硅树脂(A)、环氧树脂(B)、酸酐固化剂(C)、硅氧烷表面活性剂(D)和辅助固化催化剂(E)的总重量计,辅助固化催化剂(E)在组合物中的用量小于约10重量%。在有些实施方案中,以硅树脂(A)、环氧树脂(B)、酸酐固化剂(C)、硅氧烷表面活性剂(D)和辅助固化催化剂(E)的总重量计,辅助固化催化剂(E)在组合物中的用量在约0.008重量%和约10重量%之间。在其它实施方案中,以硅树脂(A)、环氧树脂(B)、酸酐固化剂(C)、硅氧烷表面活性剂(D)和辅助固化催化剂(E)的总重量计,辅助固化催化剂(E)在组合物中的用量在约0.01重量%和约5重量%之间。在有些实施方案中,以硅树脂(A)、环氧树脂(B)、酸酐固化剂(C)、硅氧烷表面活性剂(D)和辅助固化催化剂(E)的总重量计,辅助固化催化剂(E)在组合物中的用量在约0.01重量%和约1.0重量%之间。在其它实施方案中,以硅树脂(A)、环氧树脂(B)、酸酐固化剂(C)、硅氧烷表面活性剂(D)和辅助固化催化剂(E)的总重量计,辅助固化催化剂(E)在组合物中的用量在约0.01重量%和约0.5重量%之间。
在本发明的组合物中可以任选地存在一种或多种热稳定剂、UV-稳定剂或其混合物。所述稳定剂可以在密封剂处理期间减少颜色的形成。稳定剂的例子描述于J.F.Rabek的″Photostabilization of Polymers;Principles and Applications″,Elsevier Applied Science,NY,1990和″Plastics Additives Handbook″(第5版,由H.Zweifel编,Hanser Publishers,2001)。合适的稳定剂的说明性例子包含有机亚磷酸酯和亚膦酸酯,如亚磷酸三苯酯、亚磷酸二苯基烷基酯、亚磷酸苯基二烷基酯、亚磷酸三(壬基苯基)酯、亚磷酸三月桂基酯、亚磷酸三(十八烷基)酯、二硬脂酰基季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、亚磷酸三-(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)酯、二-异癸基季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、二-(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、三硬脂酰基-山梨醇三亚磷酸酯、和四-(2,4-二-叔丁基苯基)-4,4′-联苯基二亚膦酸酯。合适稳定剂的说明性例子还包含:含硫的磷化合物如硫代亚磷酸三甲酯,硫代亚磷酸三乙酯,硫代亚磷酸三丙酯、硫代亚磷酸三戊酯、硫代亚磷酸三己酯、硫代亚磷酸三庚酯、硫代亚磷酸三辛酯、硫代亚磷酸三壬酯、硫代亚磷酸三月桂酯、硫代亚磷酸三苯酯、硫代亚磷酸三苄基酯、亚磷酸二丙酰硫代甲基酯、亚磷酸二丙酰硫代壬基酯、亚磷酸二壬基硫代甲基酯、亚磷酸二壬基硫代丁基酯、亚磷酸甲基乙基硫代丁基酯、硫代丙酰亚磷酸甲基乙基酯、亚磷酸甲基壬基硫代丁基酯、亚磷酸甲基壬基硫代月桂基酯和亚磷酸戊基壬基硫代月桂基酯。这些化合物可以单独使用或以至少两种化合物的组合使用。
合适的稳定剂还包含位阻酚。位阻酚稳定剂的说明性例子包含2-叔烷基-取代的苯酚衍生物、2-叔戊基取代的苯酚衍生物、2-叔辛基取代的苯酚衍生物、2-叔丁基取代的苯酚衍生物、2,6-二叔丁基取代的苯酚衍生物、2-叔丁基-6-甲基-(或6-亚甲基-)取代的苯酚衍生物和2,6-二甲基取代的苯酚衍生物。这些化合物可以单独使用或以至少两种化合物的组合使用。在本发明某些特定的实施方案中,位阻酚稳定剂包含α-生育酚和丁基化羟基甲苯。
合适的稳定剂还包含位阻胺,其说明性例子包含:二-(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)癸二酸酯、二-(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶基)癸二酸酯、正丁基-3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟苄基丙二酸二-(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶基)酯、1-羟乙基-2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-羟基哌啶和丁二酸的缩合产物、N,N′-(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)-六亚甲基二胺和4-叔辛基-氨基-2,6-二氯-s-三嗪的缩合产物、三-(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)-次氮基三乙酸酯、四-(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)-1,2,3,4-丁烷四羧酸酯,和1,1′-(1,2-乙二基)-二-(3,3,5,5-四甲基哌嗪酮)。这些化合物可单独使用或以至少两种的混合物使用。
合适的稳定剂还包含破坏过氧化物的化合物,其说明性例子包含β-硫代二丙酸的酯类,例如月桂酯、硬脂酰酯、肉豆蔻酯或十三烷基酯;巯基苯并咪唑或2-巯基苯并咪唑的锌盐;二丁基-二硫代氨基甲酸锌;二硫化(二十八烷基)酯;和四-(β-癸基巯基)-丙酸季戊四醇酯。这些化合物可以单独使用或以至少两种化合物的组合使用。
在本发明中,非强制的组分还包含:可以改进环氧树脂固化速率的固化改性剂。在本发明各种实施方案中,固化改性剂包含至少一种固化促进剂或固化抑制剂。固化改性剂可以包含:含拥有孤电子对的杂原子的化合物。亚磷酸酯可以用作固化改性剂。亚磷酸酯的说明性例子包含:亚磷酸三烷基酯、亚磷酸三芳基酯、硫代亚磷酸三烷基酯和硫代亚磷酸三苄基酯。在本发明的有些实施方案中,亚磷酸酯包含:亚磷酸三苯基酯、亚磷酸苄基二乙基酯或亚磷酸三丁基酯。其它合适的固化改性剂包含:位阻胺和2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基残基,如癸二酸二(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)酯。固化改性剂的混合物也可以使用。
在本发明中,非强制的组分还包含偶联剂,在各种实施方案中,偶联剂可以帮助环氧树脂粘结至基体、如玻璃基体上,以便与表面形成牢固的粘结,从而不会出现过早的失效。偶联剂包括含硅烷和巯基部分的化合物,其说明性例子包括:巯基甲基三苯基硅烷、β-巯基乙基三苯基硅烷、β-巯基丙基三苯基硅烷、γ-巯基丙基二苯基甲基硅烷、γ-巯基丙基苯基二甲基硅烷、δ-巯基丁基苯基二甲基硅烷、δ-巯基丁基三苯基硅烷、三(β-巯基乙基)苯基硅烷、三(γ-巯基丙基)苯基硅烷、三(γ-巯基丙基)甲基硅烷、三(γ-巯基丙基)乙基硅烷和三(γ-巯基丙基)苄基硅烷。偶联剂还包括含烷氧基硅烷和有机部分的化合物,其说明性例子包括式(R5O)3Si-R6的化合物,式中R5为烷基,R6选自乙烯基、3-缩水甘油氧基丙基、3-巯基丙基、3-丙烯酰氧丙基、3-甲基丙烯酰氧丙基和CnH2n+1,其中n在约4-16之间。在本发明的有些实施方案中,R5为甲基或乙基。在本发明的其它实施方案中,偶联剂包括:含烷氧基硅烷和环氧部分的化合物。偶联剂可以单独使用或以至少两种化合物的组合使用。
在本发明中,非强制的组分还包括折射率改性剂。当光线从相对高衍射指数的芯片(通常在约2.8和3.2之间)传至较低折射率的环氧密封剂(通常在约1.2和1.6之间)时,一些光线将以临界角反射至芯片。添加至环氧中的高折射率的改性剂将增加其折射率,使两个折射率产生更好的匹配,并增加发射光量。上述材料增加了环氧的折射率,而没有明显地影响环氧密封剂的透明性。这种改性剂包括高折射率的添加剂。这些材料包括光学上透明的有机物或无机物,如硅油,以及尺寸小于发射光波长尺寸的颗粒或结构的聚集体。所述聚集体有时称为纳米颗粒。聚集体的例子包括许多相对没有散射的各种透明的金属氧化物或第II-VI族的材料。在一个实施方案中,纳米颗粒是二氧化钛。在其它实施方案中,可使用其它种类的透明金属氧化物或金属氧化物的混合物。例如氧化镁、氧化钇、氧化锆、二氧化铈、氧化铝、氧化铅和复合材料如包含氧化钇和氧化锆的那些材料可用来生产纳米颗粒。在其它实施方案中,纳米颗粒由包含硒化锌、硫化锌的第II-VI族材料,和由Zn、Se、S和Te制成的合金之一制成。另外,氮化镓、氮化硅或氮化铝也能够用来制备纳米颗粒。折射率改性剂可以单独使用或以至少两种化合物的组合使用。在本发明的一个实施方案中,包封组合物的折射率在约0.1和约10.0的范围内。在第二实施方案中,包封组合物的折射率在约0.5和约5.0的范围内,在第三实施方案中,折射率在约1.0和约2.5的范围内。在许多实施方案中,折射率在约1.0和约2.0的范围内。
本发明的组合物可通过将各种组分,包括非强制组分,以任何常规的顺序进行混合而制备。在各种实施方案中,可以将所有组分混合在一起。在其它实施方案中,可以将两种或更多种组分预混合,然后再与其它组分混合。在一个实施方案中,本发明的组合物包括两部分型组合物,其中,在混合以提供最终组合物之前,将不同的组分以至少两种单独的组合物进行预混合。
固态器件的包封技术包括铸塑、树脂转移模塑等等。在将固态器件包封在未固化树脂中之后,该操作通常在模具中进行,对树脂进行固化。可以使用如加热、UV、电子束技术或其组合的方法,一步或分多步使这些树脂固化。例如,在一个实施方案中,热固化可以是20-200℃的范围内进行,在另一实施方案中,在约80-200℃的范围内进行,在另一实施方案中,在100-200℃的范围内进行,在另一实施方案中在约120-160℃的范围内进行。另外,在其它实施方案中,这些材料可在约室温下进行光-化学固化。尽管光化学反应将放出一些热量并随后能够进行固化,但通常不需要外部加热。在其它实施方案中,这些材料可以分两步固化,其中,例如起始的加热和UV固化可以用来进行部分固化或产生B-阶段的环氧树脂。然后,例如利用加热或UV技术,对易于处理的该材料进行进一步固化,从而生产出具有包封固态器件所需的希望的热特性(例如玻璃转变温度(Tg)和热膨胀系数(CTE))、光学特性和防潮性的材料。
当将硅树脂(A)、环氧树脂(B)、硅氧烷表面活性剂(D)、酸酐固化剂(C)和辅助固化催化剂(E)混合并固化,以便给出包封材料时,在本发明的一个实施方案中,在玻璃转变温度以上测量的热膨胀系数在约10-约100之间,在本发明第二实施方案中,在约50-约90之间,而在本发明第三实施方案中,在约60-约85之间。当在玻璃转变温度以下进行测量时,在本发明的一个实施方案中,热膨胀系数在约50-约300之间,在第二实施方案中,热膨胀系数在约100-约275之间,而在第三实施方案中,热膨胀系数在约150-约250之间。
硅树脂(A)、环氧树脂(B)、硅氧烷表面活性剂(D)、酸酐固化剂(C)和辅助固化催化剂(E)在混合成包封组合物时,可以给出希望的玻璃转变温度值。在一个实施方案中,组合物的玻璃转变温度在约10-约250℃,而在第二实施方案中,其玻璃转变温度在约20-约200℃。在第三实施方案中,包封组合物的玻璃转变温度在约24-约150℃。
本发明的环氧树脂组合物可用于环氧树脂组合物已知的各种用途。所述用途包括用于固态器件的涂料、封装化合物和密封剂。在一个实施方案中,固态器件是LED1。图1示意地阐明了根据本发明一个实施方案的LED1。LED1包含LED芯片4,后者与引线框5电连接。例如LED芯片4可以直接电连接至引线框5的阳极或阴极上,和通过导线7连接至引线框5的相对的阴极或阳极上,如图1所示。在图1所示的特定实施方案中,引线框5支承LED芯片4。然而,可以省略导线7,并且可以将LED芯片4跨在引线框5的两个电极上,其中LED芯片4的底部包含接触层,所述接触层接触引线框5的阳极和阴极。引线框5连接至电源,如电流或电压源上,或连接至其它的电路上(未示出)。
LED芯片4由发光面9发射辐射。LED芯片4可以发射可见、紫外或红外照射。LED芯片4可以包括:含能够发射希望辐射的任何半导体层的p-n结的LED芯片4。例如,LED芯片4可以包含任何希望的第III-V族化合物半导体层,如GaAs、GaAlAs、GaN、InGaN、GaP等,或第II-VI族化合物半导体层,如ZnSe、ZnSSe、CdTe等,或第IV-IV族半导体层,如SiC。LED芯片4还可以包含其它层,如覆盖层,波导层和接触层。
LED1用本发明的密封剂11进行封装。密封剂另外的术语是封装材料。在一个实施方案中,LED封装包括位于封装,如外壳14中的密封剂11。外壳14可以是塑料或其它的材料,如聚碳酸酯,其对于LED辐射是透明的。然而,如果没有外壳14,所用密封剂具有足够的韧性和刚性的话,外壳14可以省略,以简化工艺。因此,密封剂11的外表面在某些实施方案中将起外壳14或封装的作用。外壳14包含:在LED芯片4上方的发光或辐射发射面15和邻接引线框5的非发射表面16。辐射发射面15可以是弯曲的,以便起透镜的作用和/或可以是彩色的,以便起滤光镜的作用。在各种实施方案中,非发射表面16对于LED辐射可以是不透明的,并且可以由不透明材料如金属制成。另外,如果希望的话,外壳14还可以包含在LED芯片4周围的反射层,或其它元件,如电阻器等等。
在其它实施方案中,封装材料还可以视需要包含磷,以便使LED1的颜色输出最佳。例如,磷可以磷光粉的形式分散或与密封剂11混合,或者以薄膜的形式涂布至LED芯片4上,或涂布至外壳14的内表面上。任何磷光体材料可以与LED芯片一起使用。例如,发黄光的掺杂铈的钇铝石榴石磷(YAG:Ce3+)可以与发蓝光的InGaN活性层LED芯片一起使用,以便产生对观察者呈现白色的可见黄光和蓝光输出。如果希望的话,LED芯片和磷光体的其它组合也可以使用。
尽管封装的LED芯片4按照图1所示的一个实施方案由引线框支承,但是,LED1可以具有不同的其它结构。
例如,LED芯片4可以由外壳14的底面16支承,或由位于外壳14底部的基座(未示出)进行支承,而不是用引线框5支承。
在本发明的另一实施方案中,封装组合物可以用于垂直空腔表面发射激光器(VCSEL)。所述器件的示意图示于图2中。VCSEL30可以包埋在印刷电路板组件33的凹穴32内。散热器34可以置于印刷电路板33的凹穴32中,并且VCSEL30可以放在散热器34上。本发明的密封剂组合物36可以注入印刷电路板33的凹穴32的空腔35中,并且可以围绕VCSEL流动,并将其在所有侧面包封并且还在VCSEL30的表面上形成顶部涂层薄膜36。顶部涂层薄膜36保护VCSEL30免遭破坏和降解,同时对水分是惰性的并且是透明的和可抛光的。发自VCSEL的激光束37可以冲击反射镜38以反射出印刷电路板33的凹穴32。
在本发明的另一实施方案中,LED阵列3可以在塑料基材上制造,如图3所示。LED芯片或管芯4以物理和电的方式安装在阴极引线26上。LED芯片4的顶面电连接至带有引线27的阳极导线25。引线可以通过已知的引线接合技术连接至导电芯片垫上。导线26,25包含引线框,并且可以由金属如镀银的铜制成。引线框和LED芯片阵列3包含在塑料封装29中,例如聚碳酸酯封装、聚氯乙烯封装或聚醚酰亚胺封装中。在某些实施方案中,聚碳酸酯包含双酚A型聚碳酸酯。塑料封装29填充有本发明的密封剂11。封装29包含锥形的内部侧壁18,其围住LED芯片4,并形成光散布空腔20,这将保证LED光的正交通量。
没有进一步的详细描述,据信,本领域熟练技术人员利用在此的说明,将能够最充分地利用本发明。下面的实施例用来指导本领域熟练技术人员实施所要求保护的本发明。所提供的这些实施例仅仅是有助于本申请教导的代表。因此,这些实施例无论如何都不意味着限制本发明,本发明由所附的权利要求书限定。
实施例1
下列步骤用来制备表1中所示的试样1。向小罐子中添加11.4克Z6018,(得自Dow Chemicals的苯基丙基羟基硅氧烷)、7.5克六氢-邻苯二甲酸酐(HHPA)(CibaGeigy)和0.4克SF1488(得自通用电气公司的聚二甲硅氧烷表面活性剂)。对所述罐加盖,并利用微波炉将内含物加热至约80℃并混合至所有组分完全溶解。在溶解完成之后,将试样冷却至50℃以下,并添加15克CY179(得自Ciba Geigy的环脂烃类环氧树脂)、0.1克Irganox1010(得自Ciba的抗氧剂)和0.3克乙基己酸锡。将所述材料混合并通过标称5微米孔径的过滤器过滤入清洁的罐子中。过滤后,在施加真空的同时,将其置于设置在低于60℃的真空炉中约30分钟使环氧混合物脱气。一经脱气,就将该材料用来包封部件。通过将混合物倒入铝皿中,将其覆盖并在80℃对环氧固化1小时,在1小时期间温至180℃,并在该温度下保温2小时而制备所述材料的试样盘。通过将各种环氧和含硅氧烷的树脂、固化剂及其它组分混合并在表1所示的特定条件下固化,利用试样1的步骤制备其它环氧树脂密封剂。所有量均以克计。尽管试样1-3进行真空脱气并在140℃固化1小时,从而给出硬并且透明的试样;但试样4、5、6和7是过滤脱气并在150℃烘烤70分钟,从而给出清澈、浅橙色试样。试样8在175-180℃脱气2小时,从而给出清澈、浅橙色试样。所有试样均是可抛光的并且不会由于震动而开裂。
表1
环氧固化研究 | 试样1 | 试样2 | 试样3 | 试样4 | 试样5 | 试样6 | 试样7 | 试样8 |
CY 179 | 15.00 | 5.00 | 21.00 | |||||
Epon 862,Bis F Epoxy | 10.00 | |||||||
ShellEponex1510 | 24.00 | 10.75 | ||||||
Araldite AY238 | 7.60 | |||||||
SilikoftalED | 5.10 | 10.80 | 5.50 | 5.00 | 10.80 |
Z6018 | 11.40 | 5.60 | 5.09 | 4.50 | 5.00 | 14.60 | 13.00 | |
HHPA | 7.50 | 4.50 | 2.09 | 6.60 | 6.00 | 14.40 | 10.00 | 11.00 |
Epicuron B-4400二酸酐 | 3.00 | |||||||
辛酸锌 | 0.30 | 0.20 | 0.11 | 0.27 | 0.25 | 0.60 | 0.20 | |
CibaIrganox1010 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.13 | 0.29 | 0.10 | 0.15 |
SF 1488 | 0.40 | 0.30 | 0.25 | 0.55 | 0.50 | 0.70 | 0.27 | 0.5 |
最终产物厚度/密耳 | 158 | 161 | 143 | 230 | 253 | 258 | 275 | 258 |
硅酮组分% | 33 | 52 | 88 | 40 | 38 | 27 | 34 | 27 |
Tg/℃ | 140 | 87 | 24 | 92 | 64 | 64 | 55 | 148 |
在本发明中使用的密封剂组合物示于表2。
组分,wt% | 材料种类 | 一种组分 | % | HHPAB-4400 | 非强制组分 | 表面活性剂 |
CY 179 | 环氧 | 0-50% | ||||
Epon 882BisF | 环氧 | 0-50% |
Epoxy | ||||||
Shell Eponex1510 | 环氧 | 0-50% | ||||
Araldite AY238 | 环氧 | 0-50% | ||||
SilkoftalEDZ6018 | 硅氧烷环氧 | 0-70% | ||||
HHPA | 酸酐固化剂 | 5-50% |
Epiclon B 4400二酸酐 | 酸酐固化剂 | 0-10% | ||||
辛酸锌 | 助催化剂 | 0.5% | ||||
Ciba Irganox1010 | 抗氧剂 | 0-5 | ||||
SF 1488 | 硅氧烷表面活性剂 | 0.5-10% | ||||
Ciba Tinuvin | UV吸收剂 | 0-5 | ||||
Z6018 | 硅氧烷树脂 | 1-50 |
对于表1和2中所述的组合物,将具有硅氧烷表面活性剂的含硅氧烷的环氧掺合物的UV-Vis-近红外透射光谱示于图4。所述光谱表明了在约500纳米和约1100纳米之间的透射。
图5示出了包含硅氧烷的环氧掺合物的UV-VIS吸收光谱。(组合物列于表1和2中)。超过500纳米观察不到吸收。
就表1和2给出的组合物而言,对于硅氧烷环氧掺合物,将折射率对波长的数据示于图6中。折射率从350纳米处的约1.58下降至1700纳米处的约1.49。
尽管以典型的实施方案阐明并描述了本发明,但本发明并不意味着限制于所述的细节,因此,在不脱离本发明的精神下,可以作出各种改进和替换。因而,仅仅利用常规的实验,本领域熟练技术人员可以想到在此披露的本发明的另外的改进和等同物,并且所有上述的改进和等同物可以认为均在如下面权利要求书所限定的本发明的精神和范围内。
Claims (12)
1.一种用于固态器件包封的可固化环氧树脂组合物,其包含(A)含羟基官能硅树脂的硅树脂,(B)包含双酚A环氧树脂的环氧树脂,(C)包含六氢-4-甲基邻苯二甲酸酐的酸酐固化剂,(D)包含环氧乙烷官能化硅氧烷的硅氧烷表面活性剂,和(E)辅助固化催化剂辛酸锌,其中,以硅树脂(A)、环氧树脂(B)、酸酐固化剂(C)、硅氧烷表面活性剂(D)和辅助固化催化剂(E)的总重量计,组分(A)的含量大于40重量%;组分(B)的含量在1重量%-20重量%之间;组分(C)的含量小于40重量%;组分(D)和(E)的含量在0.008重量%-10重量%之间。
2.权利要求1的组合物,该组合物另外还包含热稳定剂、紫外稳定剂的至少一种。
3.权利要求1的组合物,其中,该组合物的玻璃化转变温度在24℃-150℃之间。
4.权利要求1的组合物,其中,该组合物的折射率在0.1-10.0之间。
5.一种LED器件,包含:(a)封装;(b)LED芯片(4);和(c)密封剂(11),所述密封剂包含:(A)包含羟基官能硅树脂的硅树脂,(B)包含双酚F树脂的环氧树脂,(C)包含六氢-4-甲基邻苯二甲酸酐的酸酐固化剂,(D)包含环氧丙烷改性的硅氧烷的硅氧烷表面活性剂,和(E)包含辛酸锌的辅助固化催化剂,其中,以硅树脂(A)、环氧树脂(B)、硅氧烷表面活性剂(D)、酸酐固化剂(C)和辅助固化催化剂(E)的总重量计,组分(A)的含量大于40重量%;组分(B)的含量在1重量%-20重量%之间;组分(C)的含量小于40重量%;组分(D)和(E)的含量在0.008重量%-10重量%之间。
6.权利要求5的LED,其中,密封剂(11)另外还包含热稳定剂、紫外稳定剂的至少一种。
7.权利要求5的LED,其中,密封剂(11)的玻璃转变温度在24℃-150℃之间。
8.权利要求5的LED,其中,密封剂(11)的折射率在0.1-10.0之间。
9.一种LED器件的包封方法,包括将LED器件置于封装中并提供密封剂(11),所述密封剂包含:(A)包含羟基官能化硅氧烷的硅树脂,(B)包含双酚F的环氧树脂,(C)包含六氢-4-甲基邻苯二甲酸酐的酸酐固化剂,(D)包含环氧乙烷官能化硅氧烷的硅氧烷表面活性剂,和(E)包含辛酸锌的辅助固化催化剂,其中,以硅树脂(A)、环氧树脂(B)、硅氧烷表面活性剂(C)、固化剂(D)和辅助固化催化剂(E)的总重量计,组分(A)的含量大于40重量%;组分(B)的含量在1重量%-20重量%之间;组分(C)的含量低于40重量%;而组分(D)和(E)的含量在0.008重量%-10重量%之间。
10.权利要求9的方法,其中,密封剂(11)另外还包含热稳定剂、紫外稳定剂的至少一种。
11.权利要求9的方法,其中密封剂(11)被部分固化。
12.权利要求9的方法,其中密封剂(11)被固化。
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JP2010202880A (ja) | 2010-09-16 |
TWI304415B (en) | 2008-12-21 |
ATE375380T1 (de) | 2007-10-15 |
EP1408087B1 (en) | 2007-10-10 |
DE60316759T2 (de) | 2008-07-17 |
TW200415019A (en) | 2004-08-16 |
EP1408087A1 (en) | 2004-04-14 |
CN1534074A (zh) | 2004-10-06 |
CN100480352C (zh) | 2009-04-22 |
US20040067366A1 (en) | 2004-04-08 |
CN101307183A (zh) | 2008-11-19 |
JP2004277697A (ja) | 2004-10-07 |
JP4988141B2 (ja) | 2012-08-01 |
DE60316759D1 (de) | 2007-11-22 |
ES2292912T3 (es) | 2008-03-16 |
US6800373B2 (en) | 2004-10-05 |
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