CN100353933C - 快速溶化口服药物制剂 - Google Patents
快速溶化口服药物制剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN100353933C CN100353933C CNB001201077A CN00120107A CN100353933C CN 100353933 C CN100353933 C CN 100353933C CN B001201077 A CNB001201077 A CN B001201077A CN 00120107 A CN00120107 A CN 00120107A CN 100353933 C CN100353933 C CN 100353933C
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Abstract
本发明提供了制备快速熔化药物口服剂型的颗粒。除了一种或多种药物,此颗粒由超级崩解剂、分散剂、分配剂和粘合剂组成的赋形剂结合物组成,并还可以包括其它常规组分,如甜味剂和调味剂。本发明的颗粒具有以下有利特性:稳定并可以不借助溶剂制备,且不需要特殊的环境和处理方法。用常规设备以其制备的剂型,特别是片剂,可在25秒内于口中崩解。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及能在约25秒内分散于口中的固体药物口服剂型的制剂。
背景技术
有各种不同的固体药物剂型,能在一杯水中、口中或在胃肠道中快速溶解或崩解。这些剂型是本领域多年已知的。在水中会溶解或泡腾的剂型便于携带这一明显优点是熟知的。同样,长久以来人们一直意识到治疗中往往需要能在口中快速溶解或崩解的口服剂型,在要求立即进行药物治疗而又找不到水的情况下使用。
首先,必须区别快速熔化剂型和快速崩解剂型。前者是要在短于1分钟的时间内能在患者口中溶解或崩解,而后者要在3至20分钟内在胃或盛水容器中的酸性介质中开始发生溶解或崩解。快速崩解剂型的认知试验是在0.1N盐酸中的崩解时间。
本领域技术人员会领会到对配制符合这些条件的试剂的要求应当是不同的,因为在口中和胃中的条件,特别是pH是很不相同的。更重要的是,剂型溶解所需时间,在口中要比胃中短得多,但对于锭剂等剂型例外,因其经特别配制而在口中缓慢溶解。
如果不是整个剂型要快速熔化或快速崩解,则对于大多数来说要共同考虑的是在制备、包装、加工及成品剂型的保存中要避免,其吸湿和碎裂的趋势。依赖于泡腾来促进其崩解的剂型是特别易于吸潮的,必须采用特别的包裹物、盖子、干燥剂袋等。
尽管有这些潜在的问题外,仍迫切需要可以快速溶解或崩解的剂型,其明显优点是要在非常短的时间内能被吸收而提供药物治疗剂量。除了快速提供这一优点外,还要便于给患者施用,如年龄非常小的、年老的、不顺从的、及身体受损的患者,他们可能不能吞咽完整剂型。对于饮用水不易提供或不易获得的情况下,速熔剂型也是方便的。可制成这些剂型的药物包括镇静剂、安眠剂、抗精神病剂、运动病药物、温和的兴奋剂,如咖啡因等。
本领域技术人员会意识到有两类基本的化合物可用于制备快速溶解/崩解剂型。其中第一类,特别是适于制备快速熔化的剂型是冻干物,其中由药物和适宜的赋形剂在水或其它溶剂中的冻干液体或混悬液制备饼或糯米纸囊剂。这些糯米纸囊剂在舌上快速溶解,即在约10秒内熔化,这是由于在冻干物的处理过程中得到对水的高亲和性和高度的多孔性相结合,其促进了唾液的快速进入。虽然这些剂型能在口中快速崩解/溶解,但是冻干过程具有若干缺点,其中主要是必须在冻干前形成药物的溶液或稳定的混悬液。虽然不总是这样,但是一般溶液是含水的,因此,不适于配制对水敏感的药物。此方法本身一般费力费时。最后,除了变得吸湿外,所得剂型还变得非常软,因此,需要特别的防潮和抗撞击包装并需要在给药前小心操作。
用于制备快速崩解剂型的第二个主要的技术基于特定级别糖,如甘露醇、山梨醇等与超级崩解剂的结合。后者是赋形剂,其特征在于能使水通过进入到剂型内部的特定芯吸容量,或在水中快速膨胀,它们都有加速崩解的作用。通过加入泡腾物质,一般为碳酸氢钠和弱酸,如柠檬酸来提高剂型的溶解,也是已知的。如上所述,泡腾制剂需要特殊的防潮包装,因为即使非常少的潮气也足以引起泡腾反应。流化床制粒等技术在制备这些制剂中被认为是有用的。但是,这些技术常常需要特殊的、耗资很大的工厂,包括特殊的处理设备、控制湿度的环境等。尽管采用了这些措施,通过这些技术制备的剂型一般需要防潮包装,此要求包括装在袋中或胶囊中的吸潮剂等。
有关在制剂中加入超级崩解剂来提高溶解的实例是FMC公司的WO98/030640。考虑到成本,其中公开的包括交联纤维素、交联羧甲基纤维素、交联淀粉、交联羧甲基纤维素碱金属盐、聚乙烯聚吡咯烷酮、淀粉甘醇酸酯碱金属盐在内的超级崩解剂的90%,可以用辅助崩解剂代替。后者包括天然硅藻土、合成含水碱土金属硅酸钙和多孔亲水沸石。超级崩解剂和辅助崩解剂的重量比据称为4∶1至1∶10,优选2-1∶1。除了明显的节约成本的考虑外,其中没有指明得自此制剂的任何其它优点,因为辅助崩解剂价廉,且此结合据称达到了要求的结果。
相反,日本专利10114655,Kyowa Hakko Kogyo KK公开了旨在胃中快速溶解的制剂,其最多可以含重量比为30%的超级崩解剂,如聚乙烯聚吡咯烷酮或羟丙基纤维素、交联羧甲基纤维素等,以及最多30%的中性或碱性组分,包括偏硅酸镁铝、硅酸钙、磷酸盐或金属氢氧化物。此剂型目的是使药物在酸性pH下形成凝胶。
有关特定的制剂还有一些其它实例,其中应用上述一种或多种技术或机理。但是,就大多数而言,某种程度上它们还存在一种或多种缺点,例如,通过这些技术难以制备剂型或成本高,所得剂型易碎或对环境因素(如潮气)敏感。因此仍需要一种制剂,其缓解或消除了这些缺点,仍得到速熔的剂型,能在口中约25秒内崩解。本发明提供了这些制剂。
发明内容
所公开的制剂适于不用溶剂制备成颗粒,其可以用常规设备压制为口服药物剂型,例如,片剂、囊形片剂、糯米纸囊剂等,能在约25秒内于口中崩解。此制剂中含有适宜的药物和由超级崩解剂、分散剂、分配剂和粘合剂组成的四种组分赋形剂的混和形式,并作为芯吸剂以加速流体进入该剂型,并还含有其它常规成分,如甜味剂和调味剂。本发明制剂的制备独到之处,是可将四种赋形剂相结合形式与药物和适宜的常规组分,如调味剂和甜味剂干混制粒,不用使用任何溶剂,形成稳定的颗粒,可用常规设备将此颗粒容易地压制为剂量形式,而不需要特殊的处理技术。在具体实施方案中,形成含药物和其它组分及大多数混合赋形剂的颗粒。然后,将此颗粒与其余的组分混和形成适于在常规设备上直接压制成剂量形式的最终混和物。
提供含超级崩解剂、分散剂和粘合剂三种组分赋形剂混和形式,是本发明的另一个目的。此剂型可以是片剂,其中超级崩解剂选自交联聚乙烯聚吡咯烷酮、交联羧甲基纤维素钠、淀粉甘醇酸酯钠、低取代的羟丙基纤维素和预凝胶化淀粉,所述分散剂选自原-、偏-和α三斜晶-硅酸钙、原和偏三硅酸镁和硅酸,而所述粘合剂选自微晶纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、乙基纤维素、乳糖、甘露醇和磷酸钙。
本发明的制剂及由其制备迅速熔化剂型的方法是基于四种赋形剂的混和。赋形剂独特结合物可以与常规辅剂,特别是调味剂、甜味剂、润滑剂等以及一种或多种如下所述的活性药物配制。根据治疗有效剂量和直接制粒的配方容量、掩盖其味道和苦味需要的调味剂/甜味剂的量等因素,该配方中可以含有不超过配方重量约30%,优选不超过约15%的活性药物。使用为了掩盖制剂味道而包衣或因其它原因进行包衣的药物,只要该包衣不干扰片剂的配合或崩解,就落在本发明的范围内。赋形剂的混和物共占该制剂重量的最多约85%,优选约50%至约80%。
本发明制剂的赋形剂组分是超级崩解剂、分散剂、分配剂和粘合剂的混和形式。适宜的超级崩解剂包括聚乙烯聚吡咯烷酮、交联羧甲基纤维素钠、淀粉甘醇酸酯钠、低取代的羟丙基纤维素、预胶凝淀粉等。本发明配方优选的超级崩解剂是交联聚乙烯聚吡咯烷酮,因为可以大量使用,而不引起其制剂有胶凝倾向。
适宜的分散剂,本领域有时称为抗结块剂,包括硅酸钙的原、偏和α三斜晶形式、原和偏式三硅酸镁和硅酸。硅酸钙是优选的分散剂。特别优选的是α三斜晶硅酸钙结晶,商购自Aldrich Chemical Company符合下列规格:1.3m2/gm表面积;0.63g/cc堆密度;2.90g/cc真密度;及<1%w/w挥发度。其它商家提供的硅酸钙的不同药物级别如表1所示,发现它们也可制备令人满意的速熔剂型。其中包括Afa-Aesar提供的原和偏式硅酸钙,Celite Corp提供的合成硅酸钙Micro-cel C和Micro-cel E,J.M.Huber Corp提供的Hubersorb 600 NF和Hubersorb 250 NF,以及不同级别的混和形式。发现这些产品包括下列硅酸钙规格:1.0m2/gm至210m2/gm表面积;0.075g/cc至0.90g/cc堆密度;1.70g/cc至2.90g/cc真密度;及<1%至14%w/w挥发度。表1列出了得自上述商家的每种物质的具体规格。
表1
来源 | 描述 | 表面积m2/gm | 堆密度g/cc(±s.d.) | 真密度g/cc | 挥发度(%w/w) |
Aldrich | CaSiO3<200 目(结晶,α三斜晶) | 1.3 | 0.627(0.020) | 2.934 | 0.50 |
Alfa Aesar | 2CaO·SiO2(结晶,原) | 0.98 | 0.492(0.003) | 3.252 | 0.02 |
Alfa Aesar | CaSiO3(结晶,偏) | 2.5 | 0.867(0.009) | 2.940 | 0.50 |
Celcite | Micro-cel E(结晶) | 90.4 | 0.094(0.006) | 2.596 | 0.94 |
Celcite | Micro-cel C(无定型) | 191.3 | 0.120(0.006) | 2.314 | 5.11 |
JM Huber | Hubersorb250NF(无定型) | 103.0 | 0.130(0.008) | 1.702 | 9.90 |
JM Huber | Hubersorb600NF(无定型) | 209 | 0.075(<0.001) | 2.035 | 13.8 |
在本发明的配方中α三斜晶硅酸钙与至少一种其它药用级硅酸钙混和是有利的,其中α三斜晶型在此混和形式中的含量为约10%至约90%(重量)。与其在常规片剂配方中的使用比较,分散剂,即硅酸钙成为本发明配方中赋形剂结合物的主要组分是未意料到的,因为本领域技术人员通常认为其压缩性不好。
本发明配方中赋形剂混和形式的适宜分配剂的实例包括无定型二氧化硅、煅制二氧化硅、硅藻土、滑石、高岭土、三硅酸镁铝等,其中无定型二氧化硅是特别优选的。
本发明配方中赋形剂结合物最后组分是粘合剂。适宜的粘合剂也可以是作为芯吸剂或分配剂的那些,它们可促进其制备剂型的水摄入性。适宜的粘合剂包括碳水化合物,如微晶纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、乙基纤维素、淀粉、乳糖,以及甘露醇和磷酸钙。微晶纤维素是优选的粘合剂。市场上提供的微晶纤维素为Avicel_PH(药物级),得自FMC公司(Philadelphia,Pa.),特别是Avicel_PH 101,PH 102,PH 102,PH112,PH200,PH301,PH302和Ceolus。微晶纤维素也可购自Mendell,Penwest公司(Patterson,N.Y.),商品名为Emcocel_90M和Emcocel_50M,它们也是令人满意的。本发明配方中特别优选的是Avicel_PH 102或Avicel_PH 102和Avicel_PH 200的混和形式,如下所述。
在本发明优选的实施方案,本发明制剂的赋形剂结合物包括超级崩解剂聚乙烯聚吡咯烷酮、分散剂硅酸钙、分配剂无定型二氧化硅和粘合剂微晶纤维素。本发明制剂中赋形剂结合物中包括约4至约8,优选约5至约7重量百分比的超级崩解剂;约20至约70,优选约35至约45重量百分比的分散剂;约1至约10,优选约1.5至约3重量百分比的分配剂;及约10至约50,优选约12至约20重量百分比的粘合剂,所有值都以包括一种或多种药物的制剂总重量计。以含有药物(一种或多种)的制剂总重量计,特别优选的赋形剂结合物含有约7%(重量)的超级崩解剂、约40%(重量)的分散剂、约2%(重量)的分配剂和约15%(重量)的粘合剂。
本发明的制剂可以含有本领域已知的相似制剂中可见的,且允许摄入体内的其它常规组分。例如,包括天然和合成的调味剂、多元醇,如甘露醇、山梨醇、麦芽糖(maltitol)和木糖醇,人造甜味剂,如N-α-L-天冬氨酰-L-苯丙氨酸1-甲酯(阿司帕坦)和6-甲基-3,4-二氢-1,2,3-_噻嗪-4(3H)-酮-2,2-二氧化物,特别是其钾盐(双氧_噻嗪钾),矫味辅剂,如酒石酸,片剂润滑剂,如硬脂酸镁等。制药领域的技术人员会意识到如果本发明配方中存在调味剂和甜味剂,其量直接与药物的味道(或苦味)成正比。此调味剂和甜味剂不是用来包衣药物,但是可适当地掩盖均匀混和物中此药物的令人讨厌的味道。总之,这些常规组分的总量不超过该制剂总重量的约32%,优选约25至约30%。
本发明制剂中的药物一般不超过该制剂总量的约30%,优选约1至约15%。本领域技术人员会领会到此药物的物理特性,即其粒度和形态,会直接影响其在本发明配方中的有限含量。显然,在由本发明配方制备的剂型中必须存在足够的药物以便提供治疗有效剂量。可通过已知技术,包括湿法制粒,以本发明配方制备固体剂型,本发明制剂可以不使用特殊设备和条件进行干法制粒,这一点特别有利,这样使之适于对潮气和高温敏感的药物的配制。
按照本发明,可以配制为速溶片剂的药物的实例包括(但不限于),抗组胺药、防运动病药、止痛药、消炎药、抗生素、降胆固醇剂、抗焦虑剂、抗高血压药、抗癌药、催眠药、抗溃疡剂、冠状血管扩张药、抗病毒药、抗精神病药、抗抑郁药、神经肌肉用药、止泻药、降血糖药、甲状腺抑制剂、合成代谢剂、镇痉药、抗偏头痛药、利尿药、兴奋剂、消充血剂、子宫松弛剂、抗心率不齐药、雄性勃起障碍化合物、Maxi-K通道开启剂或用于治疗中风或早老性痴呆神经保护剂及其适当治疗结合物。上述类别中的特定治疗剂包括(但不限于),阿利平唑(aripiprazole),布洛芬,阿斯匹林,对乙酰氨基酚,马来酸氯苯那敏,假麻黄碱,盐酸苯海拉明,雷尼替丁,苯丙醇胺,西米地丁,洛派丁胺,美克洛嗪,咖啡因,英特卡维(entecavir),头孢丙烯,褪黑色素能激动剂,普伐他丁,卡托普利,福森普利,依白沙坦(irbesartan),奥马帕拉特(omapatrilat),盖替氟沙星(gatifloxacin)和德斯喹诺酮(desquinolone)及其适当治疗结合物。
如上所述,本发明配方的决定性优点是其可以干法制粒为稳定细颗粒,此颗粒可以直接压制为药用速熔口服剂型,例如,片剂、囊形片剂、糯米纸囊剂等。优选用于本发明的速熔剂型的颗粒以两步制备。该方法包括先形成颗粒,此处称为内颗粒,即将所有的药物、分散剂、分配剂、上述其它常规组分,以及超级崩解剂、粘合剂和片剂润滑剂的一部分在适当的混合器中混和,以确保完全均匀地分布。常规的V-搅拌器是此步优选的装置。虽然从内颗粒中小部分分散剂可以没有,但是优选全部掺混在其中。然后,在常规的辊筒压制机中将此搅拌的混和物压制,该机器带有缝隙,以便将压制物为压成条状。或者,可以采用冲压方法。将由辊筒压制机得到的压制物或由冲压机得到的条状物通过细筛,例如,30目(600微米)筛,借此将其粉碎为粒度约150至400微米的颗粒。如此制备的内颗粒在此后适当的混和器中与其余的组分搅拌,例如,超级崩解剂、粘合剂和润滑剂,此处称为外颗粒组分,以形成最终的混和物,用常规设备,如压片机可将该混和物直接压制为药物剂型。因为该颗粒是稳定的,故如果不直接将最终的混和物在形成时压制,便可将其保存,过段时间后再将其压制为剂型。本发明的决定性优点是这些操作是在不需要凭借特殊处理,如注意防止潮气与组分或颗粒接触的情况下进行的,并且不需特殊控制稳定和湿度条件。
此内颗粒
占最终掺混物的约80至99,优选约85至95,首选约90%(重量)。以最终混和物的重量计,内颗粒优选含最多约30%(重量),优选约6至20%(重量)的粘合剂;最多约5%(重量),优选约2至4(重量)的超级崩解剂,及全部分散剂和分配剂。粘合剂和超级崩解剂在内颗粒和外颗粒组分之间分配,分配重量比对于粘合剂来说为约2∶1至4∶1,而对于超级崩解剂来说为0.5∶2.0至2.0∶0.5。常规的片剂润滑剂在内颗粒和外颗粒组分中大约相等。
通过将赋形剂混和形式的内颗粒和外颗粒组分混和,向其中加入其余的片剂润滑剂并混和至均匀来形成最终的混和物。或者可以使用直接压制方法,其中在适当混合器(如V-混合器)中将除片剂润滑剂以外的所有组分混和,即每次加入后连续混和3分钟,以几何方式构建此配方的全部物质,并最后在所有的其它组分已混和后向该混和物中加入润滑剂。
用常规压片机一步法制粒,或直接压制掺混物,得到最终由掺混物压制形成的片剂,其药学性质优异,并在10秒内能在水中崩解。当其全部破裂为颗粒并且没有可见的团块残留,就认为片剂崩解了。因为该药物没有与该制剂的任何组分彻底结合,可以在相同的时间内释放出。本发明制剂的突出优点是此剂型可以由其制备坚实的剂型,因此避免了要求特定单位剂量包装,及在制造和使用期间小心处理的要求,这些要求常见于目前的剂型。由本发明制剂制备的剂型可以在常规突泡或HDPE瓶中包装。
应理解,在不偏离上述本发明的范围和实质前提下,在实施本发明时多种其它实施方案和变更,对本领域技术人员来说是显而易见的和容易做到的。因此,所附权利要求书的范围不是要限制在上述精确的说明中,而是将该权利要求书解释为包括了存在于本发明中的具有专利新颖性的所有特征,本发明应包括被本发明所属领域技术人员看作等同物的所有特征和实施方案。本发明进一步参考下列实验性工作进行描述。
具体实施方式
实施例1
快速熔化片剂制备如下:
内颗粒:
组分 | 百分比w/w | mg/片 |
木糖醇(300)Xylisorb | 26 | 52 |
Avicel_PH 102 | 12 | 24 |
硅酸钙 | 43.35 | 86.7 |
聚乙烯聚吡咯烷酮 | 3 | 6 |
无定型二氧化硅 | 2 | 4 |
阿司帕坦 | 2 | 4 |
野生樱桃调味剂 | 0.15 | 0.3 |
酒石酸 | 2 | 4 |
双氧_噻嗪钾 | 2 | 4 |
硬脂酸镁 | 0.25 | 0.5 |
总重量 | 92.75 | 185.5 |
将除硬脂酸镁外的组分按几何比例在商购V-搅拌器中各搅拌5分钟直到全部加完。然后,加入硬脂酸镁并再将此混和物搅拌3分钟。以30-35kgF/cm2的压力用带孔压制机压制,使经压制的压制物为条带状。将这些条带状物通过30目(600微米)筛,形成稳定的约150至400微米的颗粒。
外颗粒组分:
组分 | 百分比w/w | mg/片 |
内颗粒 | 92.75 | 185.5 |
Avicel_PH 200 | 3 | 6 |
聚乙烯聚吡咯烷酮 | 4 | 8 |
硬脂酸镁 | 0.25 | 0.5 |
总重量 | 100 | 200 |
将内颗粒置于搅拌器中并向其中加入Avicel_PH 200和聚乙烯聚吡咯烷酮并搅拌5分钟。然后,加入硬脂酸镁并将此混和物再搅拌3分钟,形成最终混和物。用其压制的片剂破碎力为2.3kP(3.5 SCU)并在5ml水中在10秒内崩解。最终混和物制剂表现出了优异的流动性并没有其它问题,如碎屑、剥离和粘结。已发现用Avicel_PH 102作为内颗粒组分并用Avicel_PH 200作为外颗粒组分提高了所得片剂的质量。
实施例2
含两种级别的硅酸钙的速熔片剂制备如下:
内颗粒:
组分 | 百分比w/w | mg/片 |
木糖醇(300)Xylisorb | 26 | 52 |
Avicel_PH 102 | 12 | 24 |
硅酸钙(结晶,α三斜晶) | 33.35 | 66.7 |
Hubersorb 600 NF(无定型硅酸钙) | 10 | 20 |
聚乙烯聚吡咯烷酮 | 3 | 6 |
无定型二氧化硅 | 2 | 4 |
阿司帕坦 | 2 | 4 |
野生樱桃调味剂 | 0.15 | 0.3 |
酒石酸 | 2 | 4 |
双氧_噻嗪钾 | 2 | 4 |
硬脂酸镁 | 0.25 | 0.5 |
总重量 | 92.75 | 185.5 |
将除硬脂酸镁外的组分按几何比例在商购V-搅拌器中各搅拌5分钟直到全部加完。然后,加入硬脂酸镁并再将此混和物搅拌3分钟。压制混和后的制剂,并按照实施例1的方法过筛,形成稳定的颗粒。
外颗粒组分:
组分 | 百分比w/w | mg/片 |
内颗粒 | 92.75 | 185.5 |
Avicel_PH 200 | 3 | 6 |
聚乙烯聚吡咯烷酮 | 4 | 8 |
硬脂酸镁 | 0.25 | 0.5 |
总重量 | 100 | 200 |
将内颗粒置于搅拌器中并向其中加入Avicel_PH 200和聚乙烯聚吡咯烷酮并搅拌5分钟。然后,加入硬脂酸镁并将此混和物再搅拌3分钟,形成最终混和物。用其压制的片剂破碎力为2.0kP(3.1 SCU)并在5ml水中于10秒内崩解。
实施例3
含抗精神分裂症药物阿利平唑(aripiprazole)的速熔片剂制备如下:
内颗粒:
组分 | 百分比w/w | mg/片 |
阿利平唑 | 15 | 30 |
木糖醇(300)Xylisorb | 25 | 50 |
Avicel_PH 102 | 6 | 12 |
硅酸钙 | 37 | 74 |
聚乙烯聚吡咯烷酮 | 3 | 6 |
无定型二氧化硅 | 2 | 4 |
阿司帕坦 | 2 | 4 |
野生樱桃调味剂 | 0.15 | 0.3 |
酒石酸 | 2 | 4 |
双氧_噻嗪钾 | 2 | 4 |
硬脂酸镁 | 0.25 | 0.5 |
总重量 | 94.4 | 188.8 |
将除硬脂酸镁外的组分按几何比例在商购V-搅拌器中各搅拌5分钟直到全部加完。然后,加入硬脂酸镁并再将此混和物搅拌3分钟。压制混和的制剂,并按照实施例1的方法过筛,形成稳定的颗粒。
外颗粒组分:
组分 | 百分比w/w | mg/片 |
内颗粒 | 94.4 | 188.8 |
Avicel_PH 200 | 1.1 | 2.2 |
聚乙烯聚吡咯烷酮 | 4 | 8 |
硬脂酸镁 | 0.5 | 1 |
总重量 | 100 | 200 |
将内颗粒置于搅拌器中并向其中加入Avicel_PH 200和聚乙烯聚吡咯烷酮并搅拌5分钟。然后,加入硬脂酸镁并将此混和物再搅拌3分钟,形成最终混和物。用其压制的片剂破碎力为2.0kP(3.1 SCU)并在5ml水中于10秒内崩解。
实施例4
含阿利平唑(aripiprazole)的速熔片剂制备如下:
内颗粒:
组分 | 百分比w/w | mg/片 |
阿利平唑 | 0.5 | 1 |
木糖醇(300)Xylisorb | 27 | 54 |
Avicel_PH 102 | 12 | 24 |
硅酸钙 | 42 | 84 |
聚乙烯聚吡咯烷酮 | 3 | 6 |
无定型二氧化硅 | 2 | 4 |
阿司帕坦 | 2 | 4 |
野生樱桃调味剂 | 0.15 | 0.3 |
酒石酸 | 2 | 4 |
双氧_噻嗪钾 | 2 | 4 |
硬脂酸镁 | 0.25 | 0.5 |
总重量 | 92.9 | 185.8 |
将除硬脂酸镁外的组分按几何比例在商购V-搅拌器中各搅拌5分钟直到全部加完。然后,加入硬脂酸镁并再将此混和物搅拌3分钟。压制混和的制剂,并按照实施例1的方法过筛,形成稳定的颗粒。
外颗粒组分:
组分 | 百分比w/w | mg/片 |
内颗粒 | 92.9 | 185.8 |
Avicel_PH 200 | 2.6 | 5.2 |
聚乙烯聚吡咯烷酮 | 4 | 8 |
硬脂酸镁 | 0.5 | 1 |
总重量 | 100 | 200 |
将内颗粒置于搅拌器中并向其中加入Avicel_PH 200和聚乙烯聚吡咯烷酮并搅拌5分钟。然后,加入硬脂酸镁并将此混和物再搅拌3分钟,形成最终混和物。用其压制的片剂破碎力为2.3kP(3.5 SCU)并在5ml水中于10秒内崩解。
实施例5
含抗病毒药英特卡维(entecavir)的速熔片剂制备如下:
内颗粒:
组分 | 百分比w/w | mg/片 |
英特卡维 | 1 | 2 |
木糖醇(300)Xylisorb | 26 | 52 |
Avicel_PH 102 | 10 | 20 |
硅酸钙 | 45 | 90 |
聚乙烯聚吡咯烷酮 | 4 | 8 |
无定型二氧化硅 | 2 | 4 |
阿司帕坦 | 2 | 4 |
野生樱桃调味剂 | 0.25 | 0.5 |
酒石酸 | 2 | 4 |
双氧_噻嗪钾 | 2 | 4 |
硬脂酸镁 | 0.25 | 0.5 |
总重量 | 94.5 | 189 |
将除硬脂酸镁外的组分按几何比例在商购V-搅拌器中各搅拌5分钟直到全部加完。然后,加入硬脂酸镁并再将此混和物搅拌3分钟。压制混和的制剂,并按照实施例1的方法过筛,形成稳定的颗粒。
外颗粒组分:
组分 | 百分比w/w | mg/片 |
内颗粒 | 94.5 | 189 |
Avicel_PH 200 | 2 | 4 |
聚乙烯聚吡咯烷酮 | 3 | 6 |
硬脂酸镁 | 0.5 | 1 |
总重量 | 100 | 200 |
将内颗粒置于搅拌器中并向其中加入Avicel_PH 200和聚乙烯聚吡咯烷酮并搅拌5分钟。然后,加入硬脂酸镁并将此混和物再搅拌3分钟,形成最终混和物。用其压制的片剂破碎力为2.3kP(3.5 SCU)并在5ml水中于10秒内崩解。此实施例给出的w/w百分比也可用来配制每单位剂量含0.1mg entecavir的本发明适宜制剂。
实施例6
含抗生素头孢丙烯的速熔片剂制备如下:
内颗粒:
组分 | 百分比w/w | mg/片 |
头孢丙烯 | 25 | 125 |
木糖醇(300)Xylisorb | 17 | 85 |
Avicel_PH 102 | 6 | 30 |
硅酸钙 | 35 | 175 |
聚乙烯聚吡咯烷酮 | 3 | 15 |
无定型二氧化硅 | 2 | 10 |
阿司帕坦 | 2 | 10 |
野生樱桃调味剂 | 0.25 | 1.25 |
酒石酸 | 2 | 10 |
双氧_噻嗪钾 | 2 | 10 |
硬脂酸镁 | 0.25 | 1.25 |
总重量 | 94.5 | 472.5 |
将除硬脂酸镁外的组分按几何比例在商购V-搅拌器中各搅拌5分钟直到全部加完。然后,加入硬脂酸镁并再将此混和物搅拌3分钟。压制混和的配方,并按照实施例1的方法过筛,形成稳定的颗粒。
外颗粒组分:
组分 | 百分比w/w | mg/片 |
内颗粒 | 94.5 | 472.5 |
Avicel_PH 200 | 2 | 10 |
聚乙烯聚吡咯烷酮 | 3 | 15 |
硬脂酸镁 | 0.5 | 2.5 |
总重量 | 100 | 500 |
将内颗粒置于搅拌器中并向其中加入Avicel_PH 200和聚乙烯聚吡咯烷酮并搅拌5分钟。然后,加入硬脂酸镁并将此混和物再搅拌3分钟,形成最终混和物。用其压制的片剂破碎力为2.5kP(3.8 SCU)并在5ml水中于10秒内崩解。
实施例7
含抗高血压药依白沙坦(irbesartan)的速熔片剂制备如下:内颗粒:
组分 | 百分比w/w | mg/片 |
依白沙坦 | 25 | 125 |
木糖醇(300)Xylisorb | 17 | 85 |
Avicel_PH 102 | 6 | 30 |
硅酸钙 | 35 | 175 |
聚乙烯聚吡咯烷酮 | 3 | 15 |
无定型二氧化硅 | 2 | 10 |
阿司帕坦 | 2 | 10 |
野生樱桃调味剂 | 0.25 | 1.25 |
酒石酸 | 2 | 10 |
双氧_噻嗪钾 | 2 | 10 |
硬脂酸镁 | 0.25 | 1.25 |
总重量 | 94.5 | 472.5 |
将除硬脂酸镁外的组分按几何比例在商购V-搅拌器中各搅拌5分钟直到全部加完。然后,加入硬脂酸镁并再将此混和物搅拌3分钟。压制混和的制剂,并按照实施例1的方法过筛,形成稳定的颗粒。
外颗粒组分:
组分 | 百分比w/w | mg/片 |
内颗粒 | 94.5 | 472.5 |
Avicel_PH 200 | 2 | 10 |
聚乙烯聚吡咯烷酮 | 3 | 15 |
硬脂酸镁 | 0.5 | 2.5 |
总重量 | 100 | 500 |
将内颗粒置于搅拌器中并向其中加入Avicel_PH 200和聚乙烯聚吡咯烷酮并搅拌5分钟。然后,加入硬脂酸镁并将此混和物再搅拌3分钟,形成最终混和物。用其压制的片剂破碎力为2.5kP(3.8 SCU)并在5ml水中于10秒内崩解。
实施例8
含喹诺酮类抗生素德斯喹诺酮(des-Quinolone)的速熔片剂制备如下:
内颗粒:
组分 | 百分比w/w | mg/片 |
德斯喹诺酮 | 20.0 | 100 |
木糖醇(300)Xylisorb | 22.0 | 110 |
Avicel_PH 102 | 6.0 | 30 |
硅酸钙 | 35.0 | 175 |
聚乙烯聚吡咯烷酮 | 3.0 | 15 |
无定型二氧化硅 | 2.0 | 10 |
阿司帕坦 | 2.0 | 10 |
野生樱桃调味剂 | 0.25 | 1.25 |
酒石酸 | 2.0 | 10 |
双氧_噻嗪钾 | 2.0 | 10 |
硬脂酸镁 | 0.25 | 1.25 |
总重量 | 94.5 | 472.5 |
将除硬脂酸镁外的组分按几何比例在商购V-搅拌器中各搅拌5分钟直到全部加完。然后,加入硬脂酸镁并再将此混和物搅拌3分钟。压制混和的制剂,并按照实施例1的方法过筛,形成稳定的颗粒。
外颗粒组分:
组分 | 百分比w/w | mg/片 |
内颗粒 | 94.5 | 472.5 |
Avicel_PH 200 | 2.0 | 10.0 |
聚乙烯聚吡咯烷酮 | 3.0 | 15.0 |
硬脂酸镁 | 0.5 | 2.5 |
总重量 | 100 | 500 |
将内颗粒置于搅拌器中并向其中加入Avicel_PH 200和聚乙烯聚吡咯烷酮并搅拌5分钟。然后,加入硬脂酸镁并将此混和物再搅拌3分钟,形成最终混和物。用其压制的片剂破碎力为2.5kP(3.8 SCU)并在5ml水中于10秒内崩解。
实施例9
含抗生素盖替氟沙星(gatifloxacin)(Tequin_)——可运送50mg剂量与掩盖味道物质共沉淀(30%w/w活性组分)速熔片剂制备如下:
内颗粒:
组分 | 百分比w/w | mg/片 |
盖替氟沙星:硬脂酸共沉淀 | 33.3 | 166.7 |
木糖醇(300)Xylisorb | 11.7 | 58.5 |
Avicel_PH 102 | 6.0 | 30 |
硅酸钙 | 32.0 | 160 |
聚乙烯聚吡咯烷酮 | 3.0 | 15 |
无定型二氧化硅 | 2.0 | 10 |
阿司帕坦 | 2.0 | 10 |
野生樱桃调味剂 | 0.25 | 1.23 |
酒石酸 | 2.0 | 10 |
双氧_噻嗪钾 | 2.0 | 10 |
硬脂酸镁 | 0.25 | 1.25 |
总重量 | 94.5 | 472.5 |
将除硬脂酸镁外的组分按几何比例在商购V-搅拌器中各搅拌5分钟直到全部加完。然后,加入硬脂酸镁,并再将此混和物搅拌3分钟。压制混和的制剂,并按照实施例1的方法过筛,形成稳定的颗粒。
外颗粒组分:
组分 | 百分比w/w | mg/片 |
内颗粒 | 94.5 | 472.5 |
Avicel_PH 200 | 2.0 | 10.0 |
聚乙烯聚吡咯烷酮 | 3.0 | 15.0 |
硬脂酸镁 | 0.5 | 2.5 |
总重量 | 100 | 500 |
将内颗粒置于搅拌器中,且其中加入Avicel_PH 200和聚乙烯聚吡咯烷酮并搅拌5分钟。然后,加入硬脂酸镁并将此混和物再搅拌3分钟,形成最终混和物。用其压制的片剂破碎力为2.5kP(3.8 SCU)并在5ml水中于10秒内崩解。
Claims (20)
1.一种速熔药物剂型,其中含有不超过30%重量的药物和总重不超过85%重量的由超级崩解剂、分散剂、分配剂及粘合剂组成的四种赋形剂的结合物,其中在所述四种赋形剂的结合物中,以该剂型的总重量计,含有4至8%重量的所述超级崩解剂、20至70%重量的所述分散剂、1至10%重量的所述分配剂和10至50%重量的所述粘合剂,
其中所述分散剂选自原-、偏-和α三斜晶-硅酸钙、原-和偏-三硅酸镁和硅酸,所述分配剂选自无定型二氧化硅、煅制二氧化硅、硅藻土、滑石、高岭土、三硅酸镁铝。
2.权利要求1所述的速熔药物剂型,其中在所述四种赋形剂的结合物中,以该剂型的总重量计,含有5至7%重量的所述超级崩解剂、35至45%重量的所述分散剂、1.5至3%重量的所述分配剂和12至20%重量的所述粘合剂。
3.权利要求1所述的速熔药物剂型,其中所述剂型是片剂,所述超级崩解剂选自聚乙烯聚吡咯烷酮、交联羧甲基纤维素钠、淀粉甘醇酸酯钠、低取代的羟丙基纤维素和预胶凝淀粉,所述分散剂选自原-、偏-和α三斜晶-硅酸钙、原-和偏-三硅酸镁和硅酸,所述分配剂选自无定型二氧化硅、煅制二氧化硅、硅藻土、滑石、高岭土、三硅酸镁铝,而所述粘合剂选自微晶纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、乙基纤维素、乳糖、甘露醇和磷酸钙。
4.权利要求3所述的速熔药物剂型,其中所述超级崩解剂是聚乙烯聚吡咯烷酮,所述分散剂是α三斜晶硅酸钙,所述分配剂是无定型二氧化硅,而所述粘合剂是微晶纤维素。
5.权利要求3所述的速熔药物剂型,其中所述分散剂是α三斜晶硅酸钙和至少一种其它药用级硅酸钙的结合物。
6.权利要求5所述的速熔药物剂型,其中所述α三斜晶硅酸钙占所述结合物重量的10%至90%。
7.适于压制为速熔剂型的颗粒成粒方法,包括将不超过30%重量的药物和总重不超过85%重量的由超级崩解剂、分散剂、分配剂和粘合剂组成的四种赋形剂的结合物干混成混合物,再用适当的压制机或冲压机将此混和物压制成压制物或条状物,并将其过筛形成颗粒,其中在所述四种赋形剂的结合物中,以该剂型的总重量计,含有4至8%重量的所述超级崩解剂、20至70%重量的所述分散剂、1至10%重量的所述分配剂和10至50%重量的所述粘合剂,
其中所述分散剂选自原-、偏-和α三斜晶-硅酸钙、原-和偏-三硅酸镁和硅酸,所述分配剂选自无定型二氧化硅、煅制二氧化硅、硅藻土、滑石、高岭土、三硅酸镁铝。
8.权利要求7所述的方法,其中超级崩解剂选自聚乙烯聚吡咯烷酮、交联羧甲基纤维素钠、淀粉甘醇酸酯钠、低取代的羟丙基纤维素和预胶凝淀粉,所述分散剂选自原-、偏-和α三斜晶-硅酸钙、原-和偏-三硅酸镁和硅酸,所述分配剂选自无定型二氧化硅、煅制二氧化硅、硅藻土、滑石、高岭土、三硅酸镁铝,而所述粘合剂选自微晶纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、乙基纤维素、乳糖、甘露醇和磷酸钙。
9.权利要求8所述的方法,其中所述超级崩解剂是聚乙烯聚吡咯烷酮,所述分散剂是α三斜晶硅酸钙,所述分配剂是无定型二氧化硅,而所述粘合剂是微晶纤维素。
10.权利要求8所述的方法,其中所述分散剂是α三斜晶硅酸钙和至少一种其它药用级硅酸钙的结合物。
11.权利要求7所述的方法,还包括将所述颗粒与所述超级崩解剂和粘合剂的附加量掺混的步骤,以形成适于直接压制所述片剂的最终混和物。
12.权利要求11所述的方法,其中所述颗粒占所述最终混和物的80%至99%重量。
13.权利要求1的速熔药物剂型,它是按照权利要求8的方法压制形成的。
14.权利要求1的速熔药物剂型,它是按照权利要求11的方法压制形成的。
15.权利要求14的速熔药物剂型,其中所述剂型是片剂而所述药物是英特卡维。
16.权利要求14的速熔药物剂型,其中所述剂型是片剂而所述药物是头孢丙烯。
17.权利要求14的速熔药物剂型,其中所述剂型是片剂而所述药物是依白沙坦。
18.权利要求14的速熔药物剂型,其中所述剂型是片剂而所述药物是阿利平唑。
19.权利要求1所述的速熔药物剂型,通过如下方法制备:将药物和由超级崩解剂、分散剂、分配剂和粘合剂组成的四种赋形剂结合物干混,再用适当的压制机或冲压机将此混和物压制形成压制物或条状物,并将此压制物或条状物过筛形成颗粒。
20.权利要求14所述的速熔药物剂型,其中所述剂型是片剂,而所述药物选自阿利平唑,马来酸氯苯那敏,假麻黄碱,盐酸苯海拉明,苯丙醇胺,西米地丁,洛派丁胺,美克洛嗪,英特卡维,头孢丙烯,普伐他丁,卡托普利,福森普利,依白沙坦,奥马帕拉特,盖替氟沙星和德斯喹诺酮。
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