CA2258917A1 - Disintegrant composition for dispersible solids - Google Patents

Abstract

A composition of matter useful as an excipient for increasing the disintegration rate of solid dosage forms of active agents in pharmaceutical, agricultural, industrial and like formulations wherein the excipient is a composition comprising a super disintegrant and a co-disintegrant.

Description

CA 022~8917 1998-12-21 W O 98/03064 PCTrUS97/12183 DISINTEGI~NT COMPOSITION FOR DISPEI~TR~,F, SOl,TnS

Field Of The Invention This invention relates to compositions and methods for preparing and using the same, which compositions are useful as rapid disintegrants for water-dispersible solid dosage forms of active agents. More particularly, this invention relates to 10 compositions comprising super disintegrants and co-disintegrants useful as excipients for pharm~r.elltical, agricultural, food, industrial, household and like commercially useful active compounds in solid dosage form which desirably shoulddisintegrate rapidly when placed in an aqueous environment. Compositions cont~ining this novel disintegrant and an active agent, optionally with additives, is 15 also encompassed by this invention.

B~ ro-m-l Of The Inv~nti~n It is the comrnon practice to m~nllf~cture solid dosage forms in which the 20 ingredients, i.e., active agents, excipients, adjuvants, etc. are processed into various forms such as tablets, briquettes, pellets, granules, and the like. Among the more preferred excipients are the disintegrants? and particularly super disintegrants, such as croscarmellose or the like further described below. The solid dosage forms made with these super disintegrants are durable and stable yet readily disintegrate when 25 added to an aqueous medium with concomitant release of the active components.
However, these super disintegrants are relatively expensive excipients.
Consequently, their application has been confined largely to high cost items such as pharmaceutical tablets. They have not, for in~t~nre, proved economically feasible 30 in plepa~ g water-dispersible solid dosage forms of agricultural chemicals, e.g., insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, etc. which are of considerably lower per unit price than pharrn~e~ltic~

Therefore, it is an object of this invention to provide compositions 35 combining a highly effective primary disintegrant (also referred to as super disintegrant) with a co-disintegrant compositions which are at least as effective as .. .. . . .. .. ~

CA 022~8917 1998-12-21 W 098103064 2 PCT~US97/12183 super disintegrants but which are much less costly, in which the co-disinte~rantsynergizes the disintegrant properties of the primary disintegrant.

Representative of earlier efforts in this field are, for example l}.S. Patent 4,744,987 (Mehra et al), directed to a blend of microcrystalline cellulose ~MCC)and calcium carbonate in pharm~ceut~ ls; PCT publication WO 92/12633 (Mehra et al), which discloses a combination of MCC and a nitrogenous compound; and Japanese Application 81/022,839 (Japan Metals and Chemical Co.) which employs a disintegrant comprising bentonite and an alkali metal silicate for agricultural 1 0 formulations.

S-lmm~ry Of The lnv~nti--n It has now been discovered, in accordance with the present invention, that the quantity super disintegrants nl~ces~ry to rapidly disintegrate water-dispersible, solid dosage forms cont~ining active agents may be substantially reduced, while at the same time m~int~ining or increasing the rate of disintegration, by substituting for a portion of the super disintegrant a co-disintegrant comprising a diatomaceous earth, a hydrophilic zeolite or a combination thereof to obtain a disintegration rate at least equal to, but preferably greater than that of the super disintegrant alone.

Alternatively, in accordance with this invention, a disintegration rate increase can be achieved by simply adding minor amounts of co-disintegrant to a constant amount of super disintegrant. Substitution of the co-disintegrant for super disintegrant, is, however, preferred.

It will be understood, however, that in many applications, particularly those used in relatively low unit cost formulations such as in the agricultural field, a less-than-~ ulll disintegration rate may be justified if there is a sufficient cost saving.
Thus, for each application the weight percent of co-disintegrant which may be substituted for the more costly super disintegrants in this invention is not a fixed range, but rather may be adjusted to optimize either cost or disintegration rate, or both.

CA 022~8917 1998-12-21 W O 98/03064 3 PCTrUS97/12183 Generally, it has been found that the weight percent of the combined super disintegrant and co-disintegrant which may be used in the total weight of any formulation is about 0.0~ wt.% to about 10 wt%, preferably about 0.5-3.0 wt.%, more preferably, about 1-3 wt%, depending on the nature of the active ingredients.
5 From these ranges it will thus be seen that the co-disintegrant alone, expressed as a weight percent of the total composition, may comprise from about 0.01 to 9.0 wt%, preferably about 0.1 to 2.7 wt%; and that the weight percent of the super disintegrant may comprise from about 0.045 to 8.0 wt%, preferably about 0.045 to2.4 wt%.
The weight ratio of super disintegrant to co-disintegrant in the disintegrant combination may range from about 4:1 to about 1:10~ preferably 3:1 to 1:5, and most preferably about 2:1 to 1:1. That is to say, expressing it somewhat differently, as much as about 25 to 90 wt. ~, preferably about 25 to 85 wt%, and15 more preferably about 33 to 50 wt%, of the amount of super disintegrant ~ se which is necessary for sufficient disintegration may be replaced in the combination of this invention by co-disintegrant by virtue of this discovery.

DF,TA~ ,n I)~ CRIPTIOI~
The composition of the invention may readily be prepared by combining the super disintegrant with the co-disintegrant in any suitable manner for mixing particulate materials, including dry blending, granulation, or the like. Such mixing techniques are well known in the art.

Solid formulations are then prepared by mixing the blended components with the desired active agent plus, if desired, any ancillary ingredients, and the resulting mixture processed to include the desired forms such as tablets, pellets, beads, granules, balls, bars, disks and briquettes. Wettable powders, which do not require 30 disintegrants, are excepted.

CA 022~8917 1998-12-21 W O 98/03064 4 PCTrUS97/12183 Thus, formulations may be produced from the blend of disintegrants and active agent by any of various known processes, including compression, roller compaction, wet granulation, extrusion, spheronization, and/or pan granulation.

When tableting is the method selected for producing the solids, conventional dry granulation, wet granulation, direct compression, spheronization or spray drying may be used to prepare the blend for tableting. The selection of method depends primarily on the active agent, the ability of the mixture of the disintegrants and active agent to flow freely in the tableting m~rhinP or extruder, and the cohesiveness of the ingredients. If the active agent can be admixed with the disintegrants to produce a free flowing, dense powder, the mixture can be directly compressed. In dry granulation, a dry powdery blend of the components is compressed to form slugs if a tablet press is used. Alternatively, the dry blend is roller compacted into sheets. The slugs or sheets are then sieved to form densified granules for final tableting.

The hardness of the resulting tablet, granule, etc. can be determined routinely by the formulator depending upon the amount and type of additives employed and the degree of pressure in, e.g., the tableting machine. The degree of hardness, may affect the disintegration rate, but as shown in Example 4 the increase in disintegration time is not greatly affected by increasing hardness. For example, tablets should be hard enough to resist ch~tking and/or breaking during normal h~n~lling but readily disintegrate in an aqueous medium.

The super disintegrants which may be employed in this invention, and which are well-known in the art, inc~ude such compounds as croscarmellose sodium (Ac-Di-Sol, FMC Corp., Philadelphia, PA.), crospovidone, sodium starch glycolate, and the like, or combinations thereof. See Handbook of Ph~ ceutical Excipients, 2nd Ed., American Pharm~ceutic~31 Association, pp. 141 et seq. (1994). Of these,croscarmellose sodium is ~lef~lled. Chemically, it will be seen that each of these compounds represents examples of a wholly or partially cross-linked compound such as a cross-linked cellulose or carboxymethyl cellulose, a cross-linked CA 022~8917 1998-12-21 W O 98~3~~ 5 PCT~US97/12183 polymer, and a cross-linked starch, respectively. Also, other alkali metal salts may be substituted for the sodium salts generally employed in these materials.

The co-disintegrant employed as the second component in the disintegrant 5 composition of this invention are water-insoluble, but highly hydrophilic materials which include not only well-known natural diatomaceous silica (i e., kieselguhr or infusorial earth), but also such materials as synthetic hydrous calcium silicateprepared by the hydrothermal reaction of natural diatomaceous silica and lime, in which the lime content may range from 20 to 50 wt. %, usually about 26 wt% (e.g., 10 Micro-Cel, sold by Manville Corp., Denver Colo.) In addition to lime there may also be used m~gnf~sium compounds as well as other alk~linf earth elements in the preparation of these synthetic materials. Of these silicas the synthetic calciumsilicate is preferred. Other silica-cont~ining materials, however, such as fumedsilica clays, and like inorganic substances are excluded from the purview of the15 invention. The co-disintegrant may also be a hydrophilic zeolite, preferably one with large open pore structure for channeling of water into a compressed tablet.The co-disintegrant, it should be noted, as shown by the examples, should have minim~l disintegrant properties when employed alone.

The active agents to be delivered with the disintegrants of the invention include any liquids adsorbed on appropriate solids, semi-solids or solid compounds, or mixtures of compounds which are to be eventually dispersed or dissolved in anaqueous medium including agricultural sprays, an industrial process or waste stream, a body of water such as a river or lake, a swimming pool, an oil well, abody fluid, an aqueous food, food supplement or pharm~celltic~ or the like. Of course, the active agent must not be reactive with the properties of the blend. The solid forms of the invention, therefore, have application to a wide variety of fields and products, including agricultural and veterinary products, pharmaceuticals, ~ animal and human foods, swimming pool additives, industrial biocides for oil wells and other applications, co.cmPtics, household pesticides, industrial and laundrydetergents, and dye m~mlf~rtllring.

CA 022~8917 1998-12-21 W O 981~~61 6 PCTAUS97/12183 The amount of active agent is not critical and thus can range broadly from about 10 to 95 wt% of the total composition, with the balance comprising the disintegrant of this invention plus, additives, adjuvants, etc., if any. Necessarily this amount may encompass e.g. materials ranging from pharmaceutical to agricultural 5 materials, etc., plus necessary additives and adiuvants, and thus a large variation in amounts must be determined by those skilled in each different art. It follows from this, that the amount of disintegrant of this invention must also vary significantly depending on the nature and amount of said active agent and other additives and adjuvants, if any.

In the agricultural field, for example, the active agents include pesticides such as herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, plant growth regulators, fertilizers and biocides of all types. The pesticides include atrazine, benazone, bromoxynal, trifluralin, propanil, metribuzin, alachlor, butachlor, bromoxynil, clomazone, 15 oxadiazon, lorsban, bifenox, aldicarb, monocrotophos, propoxur, diflubenzuron, carbofuran, permethrin, carbonyl, cypermethrin, endosulfan, cyfluthrin, bifenthrin, terbufos, fenamiphos, cadusafos, paclobutrazol, glyphosine, giberellic acid, glycophosphate, phenylurea, and the like.

From these broad fields of use it follows that many other materials may be included as additives, adjuvants, etc. in the final solid composition as long as they do not interfere with the effectiveness of the active ingredient or disintegrantcomposition. Accordingly, those skilled in the formulations art will recognize that various ingredients well-known to formulators of solid forms can be added to thecomposition of the invention to enhance the blending, shaping and like processes.
These include lubricants, gli-l~ntc, dispelsa~, suspending agents, surfactants, and fillers or auxiliary binders, which are preferably employed in relatively small amounts, if any, i.e., from zero up to about 20% by weight of the total solid dosage form, more often less than about 10% by weight. However, this amount is not critical and may comprise as much as a major proportion by weight i.e., in excess of 50 wt% of the total formulation thus, in practice, the choice of additive and - CA 022~8917 1998-12-21 W O ~8,'~64 7 PCTrUS97/12183 amount are matters of routine consideration and trial for the skilled formulator.
depending on the nature of the active agent For example~ lubricants facilitate the ejection of compacted forms from a die 5 cavity. They may also reduce interparticle friction and prevent adhesion of materials to die and punch surfaces. Typical lubricants are talc; long chain fatty acid esters or salts thereof such as stearic and palmitic acids, and magnesium or calcium stearate; and the like. Glidants are limited to improvement of the flow properties of powders and granules, and include materials such as aerogenic silica, 10 fumed silicon dioxide and silica hydrogel There may also be included as disintegrants such compounds as guar gum, magnesium all-minllm silicate, copolymers of methacrylic acid with divinylbenzene, potassium alginate, starch, and pregel~tini7~1 starch as additives to supplement the 15 above super disintegrants.

Other additives which may be utilized include known binders/fillers as dicalcium phosphate, Starch I500 (sold by National Starch Co., Bridgewater N.J.), lactose, and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) compositions, for example, Lattice20 NTC 70, (sold by FMC Corp., Philadelphia, Pa.) which, is a coprocessed blend of MCC and carboxymethyl cellulose or Lattice~, NT 200, which is microcrystalline cellulose alone.

Dispersants may be employed to further break down disintegrated aggregates 25 to primary particle size, and include such materials as naphthalene condensates, ligno-sulfonates, polyacrylates, and phosphate esters.

In the agricultural field particularly, the compounds are generally not applied full strength but are typically applied as formulations which may be applied as such 30 or further diluted for application. Typical formulations include, for example, dust and ~ranule compositions cont~ining the active ingredient in combination with one or more agriculturally acceptable adjuvants, carriers or diluents, preferably with a surface active agent, and optionally with other active ingredients. The choice of CA 022~8917 1998-12-21 formulation depends, of course, on the type of pest and environmental factors present at the particular locus of infestation.

With due consideration to these factors, the active ingredient of a typical 5 agricultural formulation may, for example, comprise 0.01 percent to 1 percent up to about 90 or 95 percent by weight, preferably 1 percent up to 90 or 95 percent byweight, of the formulation. Agriculturally acceptable carriers, diluents, adjuvants, surface active agents, and optionally other suitable active ingredients comprise the balance of the formulation. Thus a typical formulation may contain from 0.01 to 95 (preferably 1 to 95) percent by weight active ingredient, from 0 to 30 percent by weight surface active agent, and from 5 to 99.99 (preferably 5 to 99) percent byweight of an inert agriculturally acceptable carrier or diluent.

Granules, for agricultural use, for example, are solid or dry compositions of 15 active ingredient compressed, deposited, or agglomerated to forrn large particles.
Granules usually have an average particle size in the range of 150 to 5000 microns, typically 425 to 850 microns. Granular formulations generally contain from 1 to 50 percent by weight of one or more of the surface active agents described above, and from 50 to 98 percent by weight of one or more of the inert solid or dry carriers or 20 diluents described above. Granules may be produced by agglomeration of dusts or powders, by compaction, by extrusion through a die, or by use of a granulation disk.

The novel compositions of this invention provide not only a rapid rate of 25 disintegration of the solids at significant cost savings for super disintegrants, but also, particularly in the pharmaceutical field, flexibility in dosage form design.
Furthermore, chemically incompatible actives, such as tablets cont~ining severaldifferent pesticides or combinations of herbicides and pesticides, can be separated in the solid dosage forms by forming multilayers using known techniques.

The disintegrant composition of this invention may, as stated above, be incorporated into conventional pharm~reutir~l preparations such as tablets (e.g.compressed tablets which may be coated, as with sugar paste). In such preparations CA 022~8917 1998-12-21 W O 98/03064 9 PCTrUS97/12183 the active agent may be present in admixture with a pharmacologically acceptablesolid carrier; for example it may be a solid such as corn starch. The dosage to ~e employed may be determined by routine experimentation well known in the art.
The active agent may be ~lminictered in combination with other drugs together with 5 the novel disintegrant excipient.

The following examples will further illustrate the invention withoue limiting the scope and spirit thereof, it being understood that the invention is entitled to the full scope and range of equivalents intlic~ted in the appended claims.

In the following examples, Examples 1-7 show that synthetic, hydrous calcium silicate works effectively with croscarmellose sodium, sodium starch glycolate, and crospovidone three of the materials referred to above as 'super disintegrants', in increasing the disintegration rate. Example 8 illustrates that 15 comparable results may be obtained with natural diatomaceous earth. It will be noted that the combinations in the examples that included croscarmellose sodiurnwere most effective.

Since diatomaceous materials used have been approved for pharmaceutical 20 forrnulations, examples I through 4 are representative of a vitamin formulation, such as niacinamide. Also, agricultural chemicals such as pesticides are frequently tableted to produce unit doses that need only to be placed in a specified volume of water prior to application. Example 5 is intended to exemplify the use of this disintegrant combination in an agricultural pesticide forrnulation, since ferrous 25 sulfate is listed as a selective herbicide to control broadleaf weeds. Industrial uses would include, for example, detergents such as are shown in examples 6 and 7, orgranular fertilizers, which could be formulated routinely by those skilled in the art.
Example 9 illustrates the use of a hydrophilic zeolite as a co-disintegrant.

In the examples, the additives include binders, such as microcrystalline cellulose, starch and/or lactose, lubricants such as magnesium stearate and/or stearic acid, and fillers such as dicalcium phosphate.

.. ~ . . ....

CA 022~8917 1998-12-21 W O 98/03064 ~o PCTrUS97/12183 J~xample 1 In a twin cone blender (made by Patterson-Kelley Co., East Strousburg, Pa.) were combined 50 grams (25.0 wt %) of niacin~mi-le, 140 grams (70 wt %) of 5 dicalcium phosphate. 1.0 gram (0.5 wt %) of croscarmellose sodium (Ac-Di-Sol )(sold by FMC Corporation, Philadelphia, PA 19103), 4.0 grams (2.0 wt %) of synthetic diatomaceous silica, and 4.0 grams (2.0 wt %) of stearic acid. All of these dry materials had been passed through a 30 mesh U. S. Standard screen prior to being placed in the blender. These components were blended for 10 minutes 10 after which 1.0 gram (0.5 wt %) of magnesium stearate was added to the blender.
Mixing was continued for an additional three minl-tPs. The blended material was then colllplessed into tablets weighing 775 mg on a Stokes single station F press (made by Stokes-Merrill, Inc., Bristol, Pa.) fitted with 12.7 mm (0.5 inch) flat-faced, beveled-edge tooling. Twenty-four hours after compression, hardness was 15 measured for six tablets. The median hardness of these tablets was 10.2 Kp (kiloponds). Also, disintegration tests were performed using USP 701 X XII
apparatus. These tests were done in 37~C distilled water. The average disintegration time for six tablets was 1.3+0.4 minutes as judged usually. For comparative purposes, a control formulation was pl el)al ed in which neither 20 croscarmellose sodium nor synthetic diatomaceous silica was included.

Two other formulations were also prepared, one in which 1.0 gram (0.5 wt %) of croscarmellose sodium was included and the other in which 4.0 grams (2.0 wt %) of synthetic diatomaceous silica was included, but not both ingredients 25 simultaneously. In all co~ )alalive formulations the amount of dicalcium phosphate was increased by the amount of diatomaceous silica and/or croscarmellose sodium which had been omitted. The tablets were measured for hardness and disintegration times in exactly the same llldnller as had been done for the tablets of this invention.
In Table 1 the tablets of the invention are labeled la, those of the control lb, those 30 in which diatomaceous silica was omitted lc, and those in which croscarmellose sodium was omitted ld.

CA 022~8917 1998-12-21 W O 98/03064 ~ PCTrUS97/12183 Table 1 Formulation la lb lc ld Ingredients (Weight Percent) Niacinamide 25.0 25.025.0 25.0 Dicalcium phosphate 70.0 72.572.0 70.5 Croscarmellose sodium 0.5 0.5 Diatomaceous silica 2.0 . .0 Stearic acid 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Magnesium stearate 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Tablet Properties Hardness (Kp) 10.2 10.510.1 10.1 Disintegration time (min)1.3+0.4 ,254.7+0.2 ,25 Fx~n~le 2 By the method of Example 1, S0 grams (25 wt %) of niacin~mide, 140 grams (70 wt %) of dicalcium phosphate, 1.0 gram (0.5 wt %) of sodium starch glycolate, 4.0 grams (2.0 wt %) of synthetic ~i~tnm:lreous silica, 4.0 grams (2.0 wt %) of stearic acid, and 1.0 gram (0.5 wt %) of magnesium stearate were combined and compressed into tablets weighing 775 mg. The properties of these tablets were 1 0 measured as described in Example 1. Table 2 shows the formulations corresponding to those in Table 1 with the sodium starch glycolate replacing croscarmellose sodium. Example 2a is a formulation of the invention, and Examples 2b-2d are comparative examples.

CA 022~8917 1998-12-21 Table 2 Formulation 2a 2b 2c 2d Ingredients (Weight Percent) Niacin~mide 25.0 25.025.0 25.0 Dicalcium phosphate 70.0 72.572.0 70.5 Sodium starch glycolate 0.5 0.5 Diatomaceous silica 2.0 2.0 Stearic acid 2.0 2.02.0 2.0 Magnesium stearate 0.5 0.50.5 0.5 Tablet Properties Hardness (Kp) 10.8 10.511.2 10.1 Disinte~ration time (min)18.3+4.8 ,2523.0+3.4 ,25 Fxanlple 3 By the method of Example 1, 50 grams (25 wt %) of niacin~mide, 140 grams (70 wt %) of dicalcium phosphate, 1.0 gram (0.5 wt %) of crospovidone, 4.0grams (2.0 wt %) of synthetic diatomaceous silica, 4.0 grams (2.0 wt %) of stearic acid, and 1.0 gram (0.5 wt %) of magnesium stearate were combined and compressed into tablets weighing 775 mg. The properties of these tablets were 1 0 measured as described in Example 1. Table 3 shows the formulations corresponding to those in Table 1 with the crospovidone replacing croscarmellosesodium. Example 3a is a formulation of the invention, and Examples 3b-3d are comparative examples.

CA 022~8917 1998-12-21 W O 98/03064 13 PCT~US97/12183 Table 3 Formulation 3a 3b 3c 3d Ingredients (Weight Percent) Niacin~mirle 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 Dicalcium phosphate70.0 72.5 72.0 70.5 Crospovidone 0.5 0.5 Diatomaceous silica2.0 2.0 Stearic acid 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Magnesium stearate 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Tablet Properties Hardness (Kp) 10.5 10.7 10.1 Disintegration time (min) 2.9+0.4 ,25 4.3+1.8 ,25 ~x~n~le 4 In a twin cone blender were combined 125 grams (25.0 wt %) of niacinamide, 350 grams (70 wt %) of dicalcium phosphate. 2.5 grams (0.5 wt %) ofcroscarmellose sodium, 10.0 grams (2.0 wt %) of synthetic diatomaceous silica. and 10.0 grams (2.0 wt %) of stearic acid. All of these dry materials had been passed through a 30 mesh U. S. Standard screen prior to being placed in the blender.
These components were blended for 10 mim-tec after which 2.5 grams (0.5 wt %) of magnesium stearate was added to the blender. Mixing was continued for an additional three minutes. The blended material was then compressed into tablets weighing 1750 mg on a Stokes single station F press fitted with 15.9 mm (0.625 inch) flat-faced, beveled-edge tooling. The compression forces were varied to 15 produce tablets having tablet hardness of 4, 8, and 12 Kp, respectively. Twenty-four hours after cunlplession, hardness was measured for six tablets at each ~ compression force. Also, disintegration tests were performed using USP 701 XXII
apparatus. These tests were done in 37~C distilled water. The average disintegration time for six tablets at each hardness was determined.

CA 022F,8917 1998-12-21 For comparative purposes, a control formulation was prepared in which croscarmellose sodium was the only disintegrant incorporated. ln the comparativeformulation the amount of dicalcium phosphate was increased by the amount of synthetic diatomaceous silica that was omitted. Table 4 provides the composition of 5 the two formulations and a summary of hardness and disintegration times for the tablets ~repalcd from them. Example 4a is a formulation of the invention, and Example 4b is the comparative example.

Table 4 Formulation 4a 4b Weight Weight Ingredients Percent Percent Niacinamide 25.0 25.0 Dicalcium phosphate 70.0 72.0 Croscarmellose sodium 0.5 0.5 Diatomaceous silica 2.0 Stearic acid 2.0 2.0 Magnesium stearate 0.5 0.5 Tablet Properties HardnessDisintegrationDisintegration (Kp~time (min) time (min) 4.0 0.4 3.7 8.0 1.1 7.6 12.0 1 .9 1 1 .6 F.x~n~le S

In a twin cone mixer were placed 100 grams (50 wt %) of ferrous sulfate, 62 grams (31 wt %) of anhydrous lactose, 30 grams (15 wt %) of Starch 1500, 4 grams (2 wt %) of microcrystalline cellulose (Lattice~X NTC-70, sold by 15 FMC Corporation, Philadelphia, PA), 2 grams (1 wt %) of sodium croscarmellose, and 2 grams (1 wt %) of synthetic diatomaceous silica. All of these dry materials had been passed through a 30 mesh U. S. standard screen prior to being placed in the blender. These dry ingredients were blended for 10 CA 022~8917 1998-12-21 W O 98/03064 ~5 PCTAUS97/12183 minutes after which they were placed in a 1.9 Iiter (2 quart) Hobart~ planetary mixer. To the stirred dry mixture was added slowly 40 grams of distilled water.
Since a homogenous semi-paste was not formed with this amount of water, additional water was added incrementally until the desired consistency was 5 ~tt:~in~l. A total of 78 grams (34 wt % of the dry formulation) of distilled water was required to obtain this consistency. The paste that was formed was then extruded through a 2.0 mm screen, and 35 grams of the extrudate was placed in a 15.2 cm (6 inch) spheronizer operated at one-half speed for three minutes to polish the product into uniform, dust-free granules. These granules were then dried in an oven at 60~C for 120 minutes, resulting in a residual moisture below5%. The granule sizes ranged from 425-1180 microns. These granules were described as being very durable. The disintegration time of the granules was determined by the method of USP 701 XXII using a 100 mesh screen. A 5 gram sample of the granules was placed in the basket which was immersed in 15 37~C distilled water. The disintegration time of this sample was 1.1 minutes.This description is specific to Example 5a, but the same procedure was followed for Examples 5b-5d. Table S shows the formulations corresponding to those in Table 1, i.e. Example 5a is an example of the invention, and Examples Sb-Sd are comparative examples.

CA 022~8917 1998-12-21 W O 98/03064 16 PCT~US97tl2183 Table 5 Formulation 5a 5b 5c 5d Ingredients (Weight Percent) Ferrous sulfate 50 50 50 50 Lactose (anhydrous) 31 33 31 31 Starch 1500TM a) 15 15 15 15 Lattice NTC-70TMb) 2 2 2 2 Croscarmellose sodium 1 2 Diatomaceous silica 1 2 Water of granulation (%) 34 28 46 34 Granule Property Disintegration time (min) 1.1 5.9 2.6 3.8 a) National Starch and Chemical Co., Bridgewater, N.J.
b) Microcrystalline cellulose in carboxymethyl cellulose ~FMC Corp., Phila, PA. ) Example 6 In a twin-cone blender were combined 133.2 grams (66.6 wt %) of Alconox Detergent powder (Alconox, Inc., New York, NY 10003), an ~Ik~lin~ detergent comprising a blend of sulfates, phosphates, and carbonates, and used, e.g., as alaboratory equipment cleaner, 60 grams (30.0 wt %) of Lattice NT200 (FMC
Corporation, Philadelphia, PA 19103), 3.0 grams (1.5 wt %) of croscarmellose sodium (Ac-Di-Sol sold by FMC Corporation, Philadelphia, PA 19103), 3.0 grams 1 5 (1.5 wt %) of synthetic diatomaceous silica, and 0.8 gram (0.4 wt %) of magnesium stearate. All of these dry materials had been passed through a 30 mesh U. S.
Standard screen prior to being placed in the blender. These co~ Jollenl~ were blended for 5 minutes. The blended material was then compressed into tablets weighing 3 grams on a Stokes single station F press fitted with 19.05 mm (0.75 20 inch) flat-faced, beveled-edge tooling. The compression forces applied were sufficient to produce tablets having a hardness of approximately 5 Kp. Twenty-four hours after col~ ssion, hardness was measured for six tablets. Also disintegration CA 022~8917 1998-12-21 W O 98/03064 17 PCTAUS971~2183 tests were performed using USP 701 XXTI apparatus. These tests were done in 21 ~C distilled water. The average disintegration time for six tablets was determined. For comparative pu poses, control formulations were prepared in which no excipient was added; one in which only Lattice NT200 was included; one 5 in which only synthetic diatomaceous silica was in combination with Lattice NT200;
and one in which croscarmellose sodium was in combination with Lattice NT200.
In the comparative formulations the amount of Alconox detergent powder was adjusted to make up for the added excipients. The comparative examples are numbered 6a, 6b, 6c, and 6g, respectively. Table 6 provides the composition of all 1 0 formulations and a summary of hardness and disintegration times for the tablets prepared from them. Examples 6d, 6e, and 6f are all examples of the invention;
however, Example 6e is the specific foLmulation of the invention that is described in this example. All examples were prepared by the identical method, adjusting the amounts of each component appl o~l iately .

Table 6 Example 6a 6b6c 6d 6e 6f 6g Ingredient Weight Percent Alconox 99.6 69.666.6 66.6 66.6 66.6 66.6 Microcrystalline cellulosea 30.030.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 Croscarmellose sodium - 0.75 1.5 2.25 3.0 Diatomaceous silica 3.0 2.25 1.5 0.75 Magnesium silicate 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 Tablet properties Hardness (Kp) 5.4 4.9 4.7 5.0 4.9 4.9 4.8 Disintegration time (seconds) > 1800 330 127 81 47 101 103 a Lattice N T200, F M C Corporation, Philadelphia, PA 19103 b Synthetic diatomaceous silica.

CA 022~8917 1998-12-21 W 098/03064 18 PCT~US97/12183 Example 7 By the method of Example 6, 136.2 grams (68.1 wt %) of Alconox Delelgelll powder (Alconox, Inc., New York, N Y 10003), 60 grams (30.0 wt %) of Lattice NT200, 1.5 grams (0.75 wt %) of croscarmellose sodium (Ac-Di-Sol ). 1.5 grams (0.75 wt %) of synthetic diatomaceous silica, and 0.8 gram (0.4 wt %) of magnesium stearate were mixed in a twin cone blender. Tablets weighing approximately 3.0 grams were compressed in the same manner as described in Example 6. The same testing procedures were also used. This specific example is identified as 7a, and the results for this example as well as two comparative examples, 7b and 7c, are shown in Table 7.

Table 7 7a 7b 7c Ingredient Weight Percent Alconox 68.1 68.1 68.1 Microcrystalline cellulosea 30.0 30.0 30.0 Croscarmellose sodium 0.75 1.5 Diatomaceous silicab 0.75 - 1.5 Magnesium stearate 0.4 0.4 0.4 Tablet properties Hardness (Kp) 5.0 5.2 5.2 Disintegration time (seconds) 147 222 288 a Lattice NT200, FMC Corporation, Philadelphia7 PA 19103 b Synthetic diatomaceous silica.
Example 8 By the method of Example 6, 133.2 grams (66.6 wt %) of Alconox Detelgelll powder 60 grams (30.0 wt 5~O) of Lattice NT200, 3 .0 grams (1.5 wt %)of croscarmellose sodium (Ac-Di-Sol ), 3.0 grams (1.5 wt %) of natural diatomaceous silica, and 0.8 gram (0.4 wt ~) of magnesium stearate were mixed ina twin cone blender. Tablets weighing approximately 3.0 grams were compressed in the same manner as described in Example 6. The same testing procedures were CA 022~8917 1998-12-21 W O 9810306~ ~9 PCT~US97/12183 also used. This specific example of the invention is identifled as 8a. The results for this example as well as comparative examples 6g, 8b, and 8c are shown in Table 8.

Table 8 6g 8a 8b 8c lngredient Weight Percent Alconox 66.6 66.6 66.6 68.1 Microcrystalline cellulosea 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 Croscarmellose sodium 3.0 1.5 - -Diatomaceous silicab - 1.5 3.0 1.5 Magnesium stearate 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 Tablet properties Hardness (Kp) 4.8 4.9 4.7 5.1 Disintegration time (seconds) 103 138 178 329 a Lattice NT200, FMC Corporation, Philadelphia, PA 19103 b Natural diatomaceous silica.

F.~n~le 9 ln a twin cone blender were combined 173.2 grams (86.6 wt. %) of automatic dishwashing deLel~ellt powder (an ~Ik~linP detergent comprising a blend of sulfates, citrates and carbonates), 20.0 grams (10.0 wt. %) LatticeTM NT200, 3.0 grams (1.5 wt. %) modified cellulose gum (Accelerate DS812, sold by FMC
Corporation, Philadelphia. PA 19103) and 0.8 gram (0.4 wt. %) magnesium stearate. Co-disintegrants were then added by blending 3.0 grams (1.5 wt.%) of each test additive (synthetic diatomaceous silica, zeolite). All of these dry materials had been passed through a 30 mesh U.S. standard screen prior to being placed in the blender. These components were blended for 5 minutes. The blended material was then compressed into tablets weighing 3 grams on a Stokes single station F press fitted with 19.0 mm (0.75 inch) flat faced, beveled edge tooling.

CA 022~8917 1998-12-21 W O 98/03064 20 PCT~US97/12183 The coll,pression forces applied were sufficient to produce tablets having a hardness of approximately 6 Kp. Twenty-four hours after compression, hardness was measured for six tablets . Also disintegration tests were done in 21~C distilled water. The average disintegration time for six tablets was determined. This is 5 Example 9a in Table 9. For colllpalaLive purposes, control formulations were prepared in which no excipient was added; one in which only synthetic diatomaceous silica was added; one in which only zeolite was added. In the control formulation the amount of delel~enL powder was adjusted to make up for the excipients, which were excluded. Table 9 provides the composition of all 10 formulations and a summary of hardness and disintegration times for the tablets prepared from them. Examples 9a and 9b are examples of the invention. Example 9c is included in Table 9 for comparison.

Table 9 Formulation 9a 9b 9c Automatic dishwashing powderCD 86.6 86.6 86.6 LatticeTM NT 200 10.0 10.0 10.0 Modified cellulose gum 1.5 1.5 3.0 Di~tom~eous silica 1.5 Zeolite l.S
Magnesium stearate 0.4 0.4 0.4 Tablet pl~e~Lies Hardness(Kp): 6.4+0.2 6.0+1.1 6.8 + 0.3 Disintegration time (minutes): 4.1 + 1.2 5.8 + 1.0 9.8 + 0.9 From the above illustrations it will be seen most clearly that (i) in all the examples, t'ne combination of a super disintegrant and a diatomaceous earth results in a faster disintegration rate than a super disintegrant alone; (ii) Examples 1-3, 20 with their greater than 25-minute disintegration time, show that diatomaceous earth alone does not act as an effective disintegrant, yet when added to a super disintegrant it increases the rate of the latter; (iii) this is particularly true of the combination of croscarmellose sodium and synthetic diatomaceous silica of Example 4, where, despite increasing hardness of the tablets tested, the disintegration time is CA 022~8917 1998-12-21 W 098/03064 21 PCTrUS97/12183 not increased greatly, and indeed is improved with one combination (4a). as muchas four-fold; and (iv) as shown by Example 5, the reduction of the amount of more costly super disintegrant and its replacement with less expensive diatomaceous earth (5a) nevertheless resulted in a significant improvement in the disintegration rate 5 over the use of double the amount of super disintegrant alone (5c).

In Example 6, it will be seen that in Examples 6(d), 6(e), and 6(f). where the disintegrants are combined in accordance with this invention, (where 6(e) represents the specific formulation of the invention that is described in Example 6) the disintegration rate is superior to that of any of the control examples; (a), (b), (f), 10 and (g). This is especially evident in Examples 6(e) and (c), where increasedamounts of diatomaceous silica are substituted for the super disintegrant. In Example 7 this improvement is also demonstrated, especially in view of one of the disintegration rates in Example 7(a), of the invention, which is about half that of the control examples. In Example 8a, it will be seen that the combination of super 15 disintegrant with natural diatomaceous earth is effective over diatomaceous silica alone.

Claims (20)

1. A composition useful as an excipient for active agents in solid dosage forms which comprises a super disintegrant selected from the group consisting ofcroscarmellose sodium, crospovidone, sodium starch glycolate, and mixtures thereof, and a co-disintegrant selected from the group consisting of calcium silicate, synthetic hydrous calcium silicate, and a porous hydrophilic zeolite in amount sufficient to provide the more rapid disintegration of the solid form when place in solution than that obtained with the super disintegrant alone.

2. (Canceled)

3. (Canceled)

4. The composition of claim 1 where in the co-disintegrant is calcium silicate.

5. The composition of claim 1 wherein the co-disintegrant is a synthetic hydrous alkaline earth metal calcium silicate.

6. The composition of claim 1 wherein the co-disintegrant is a porous hydrophilic zeolite.

7. The composition of claim 1 wherein the weight ratio of super disintegrant to co-disintegrant is from about 4:11 to 1:10.

8. The composition of claim 1 wherein the weight ratio of super disintegrant to co-disintegrant is from about 3:1 to 1:5.

9. The composition of claim 1 wherein the weight ratio of super disintegrant to co-disintegrant is from about 2:1 to 1:1.

10. The composition of claim 1 wherein about 20 to 90 wt% of the disintegrant composition is composed of the co-disintegrant.

11. A solid dosage form comprising the composition of claim 1 and further comprising an active agent.

12. The composition of claim 11 wherein the combined super disintegrant and co-disintegrant comprise from about 0.05 wt% to about 10 wt% of the total composition.

13. The composition of claim 11 wherein about 20 to 90 wt% of the super disintegrant is replaced by the co-disintegrant.

14. The composition of claim 11 wherein the active agent is an agriculturally active compound.

15. The composition of claim 11 wherein the active agent is a pharmaceutical active compound.

16. The composition of claim 11 wherein the active agent is a detergent.

17. The composition of claim 11 wherein the active agent comprises from about 10 to 95 wt% of the total dosage form.

18. The composition of claim 11 further comprising one or more suitable excipients, additives, and adjuvants for the active agent.

19. The composition of claim 18 wherein the excipients, additives and adjuvants are selected from glidants, lubricants, dispersants, suspending agents, surfactants, or mixtures thereof.

20. The composition of claim 19 wherein the excipients, additives, and adjuvantscomprise as much as a major percent by weight of the total composition.