WO2017086403A1 - 車両 - Google Patents
車両 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2017086403A1 WO2017086403A1 PCT/JP2016/084167 JP2016084167W WO2017086403A1 WO 2017086403 A1 WO2017086403 A1 WO 2017086403A1 JP 2016084167 W JP2016084167 W JP 2016084167W WO 2017086403 A1 WO2017086403 A1 WO 2017086403A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- vehicle
- steering
- body frame
- eps
- control unit
- Prior art date
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- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 62
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62J—CYCLE SADDLES OR SEATS; AUXILIARY DEVICES OR ACCESSORIES SPECIALLY ADAPTED TO CYCLES AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. ARTICLE CARRIERS OR CYCLE PROTECTORS
- B62J45/00—Electrical equipment arrangements specially adapted for use as accessories on cycles, not otherwise provided for
- B62J45/40—Sensor arrangements; Mounting thereof
- B62J45/41—Sensor arrangements; Mounting thereof characterised by the type of sensor
- B62J45/411—Torque sensors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D5/00—Power-assisted or power-driven steering
- B62D5/04—Power-assisted or power-driven steering electrical, e.g. using an electric servo-motor connected to, or forming part of, the steering gear
- B62D5/0457—Power-assisted or power-driven steering electrical, e.g. using an electric servo-motor connected to, or forming part of, the steering gear characterised by control features of the drive means as such
- B62D5/046—Controlling the motor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G17/00—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load
- B60G17/015—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load the regulating means comprising electric or electronic elements
- B60G17/016—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load the regulating means comprising electric or electronic elements characterised by their responsiveness, when the vehicle is travelling, to specific motion, a specific condition, or driver input
- B60G17/0162—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load the regulating means comprising electric or electronic elements characterised by their responsiveness, when the vehicle is travelling, to specific motion, a specific condition, or driver input mainly during a motion involving steering operation, e.g. cornering, overtaking
- B60G17/0163—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load the regulating means comprising electric or electronic elements characterised by their responsiveness, when the vehicle is travelling, to specific motion, a specific condition, or driver input mainly during a motion involving steering operation, e.g. cornering, overtaking the control involving steering geometry, e.g. four-wheel steering
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D6/00—Arrangements for automatically controlling steering depending on driving conditions sensed and responded to, e.g. control circuits
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62J—CYCLE SADDLES OR SEATS; AUXILIARY DEVICES OR ACCESSORIES SPECIALLY ADAPTED TO CYCLES AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. ARTICLE CARRIERS OR CYCLE PROTECTORS
- B62J45/00—Electrical equipment arrangements specially adapted for use as accessories on cycles, not otherwise provided for
- B62J45/40—Sensor arrangements; Mounting thereof
- B62J45/41—Sensor arrangements; Mounting thereof characterised by the type of sensor
- B62J45/412—Speed sensors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62K—CYCLES; CYCLE FRAMES; CYCLE STEERING DEVICES; RIDER-OPERATED TERMINAL CONTROLS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CYCLES; CYCLE AXLE SUSPENSIONS; CYCLE SIDE-CARS, FORECARS, OR THE LIKE
- B62K5/00—Cycles with handlebars, equipped with three or more main road wheels
- B62K5/02—Tricycles
- B62K5/027—Motorcycles with three wheels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62K—CYCLES; CYCLE FRAMES; CYCLE STEERING DEVICES; RIDER-OPERATED TERMINAL CONTROLS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CYCLES; CYCLE AXLE SUSPENSIONS; CYCLE SIDE-CARS, FORECARS, OR THE LIKE
- B62K5/00—Cycles with handlebars, equipped with three or more main road wheels
- B62K5/08—Cycles with handlebars, equipped with three or more main road wheels with steering devices acting on two or more wheels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62K—CYCLES; CYCLE FRAMES; CYCLE STEERING DEVICES; RIDER-OPERATED TERMINAL CONTROLS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CYCLES; CYCLE AXLE SUSPENSIONS; CYCLE SIDE-CARS, FORECARS, OR THE LIKE
- B62K5/00—Cycles with handlebars, equipped with three or more main road wheels
- B62K5/10—Cycles with handlebars, equipped with three or more main road wheels with means for inwardly inclining the vehicle body on bends
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D1/00—Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
- G05D1/08—Control of attitude, i.e. control of roll, pitch, or yaw
- G05D1/0891—Control of attitude, i.e. control of roll, pitch, or yaw specially adapted for land vehicles
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D3/00—Control of position or direction
- G05D3/12—Control of position or direction using feedback
- G05D3/125—Control of position or direction using feedback using discrete position sensor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G2202/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of spring, damper or actuator
- B60G2202/40—Type of actuator
- B60G2202/42—Electric actuator
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G2300/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of vehicle
- B60G2300/45—Rolling frame vehicles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G2400/00—Indexing codes relating to detected, measured or calculated conditions or factors
- B60G2400/20—Speed
- B60G2400/208—Speed of wheel rotation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G2400/00—Indexing codes relating to detected, measured or calculated conditions or factors
- B60G2400/40—Steering conditions
- B60G2400/41—Steering angle
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G2400/00—Indexing codes relating to detected, measured or calculated conditions or factors
- B60G2400/40—Steering conditions
- B60G2400/42—Steering torque
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D9/00—Steering deflectable wheels not otherwise provided for
- B62D9/02—Steering deflectable wheels not otherwise provided for combined with means for inwardly inclining vehicle body on bends
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62J—CYCLE SADDLES OR SEATS; AUXILIARY DEVICES OR ACCESSORIES SPECIALLY ADAPTED TO CYCLES AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. ARTICLE CARRIERS OR CYCLE PROTECTORS
- B62J45/00—Electrical equipment arrangements specially adapted for use as accessories on cycles, not otherwise provided for
- B62J45/40—Sensor arrangements; Mounting thereof
- B62J45/41—Sensor arrangements; Mounting thereof characterised by the type of sensor
- B62J45/415—Inclination sensors
- B62J45/4151—Inclination sensors for sensing lateral inclination of the cycle
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62K—CYCLES; CYCLE FRAMES; CYCLE STEERING DEVICES; RIDER-OPERATED TERMINAL CONTROLS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CYCLES; CYCLE AXLE SUSPENSIONS; CYCLE SIDE-CARS, FORECARS, OR THE LIKE
- B62K21/00—Steering devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62K—CYCLES; CYCLE FRAMES; CYCLE STEERING DEVICES; RIDER-OPERATED TERMINAL CONTROLS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CYCLES; CYCLE AXLE SUSPENSIONS; CYCLE SIDE-CARS, FORECARS, OR THE LIKE
- B62K5/00—Cycles with handlebars, equipped with three or more main road wheels
- B62K5/02—Tricycles
- B62K5/05—Tricycles characterised by a single rear wheel
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a vehicle provided with a leanable body frame and two front wheels.
- a vehicle having a tiltable body frame and two front wheels arranged side by side is known.
- the two front wheels try to rotate clockwise as viewed from above the vehicle, and when the vehicle is tilted to the left, the two front wheels are counterclockwise as viewed from above.
- Such a vehicle can change the position of the contact point with the road surface of the right front wheel, the position of the contact point with the road surface of the left front wheel, and the position of the center of gravity of the vehicle by changing the direction of the two front wheels. it can.
- the positional relationship between the two grounding points and the center of gravity is changed, and the vehicle's front and rear axis (virtual line connecting the center point in the left-right direction of the front two wheels and the center point in the left-right direction of the rear wheel)
- the vehicle By shifting the position of the center of gravity in the left-right direction, the vehicle can be tilted in the left-right direction.
- an acute angle formed by an imaginary line extending in the vertical direction of the vehicle body frame with respect to the vertical direction when viewed from the front of the vehicle is referred to as a vertical angle.
- the vertical angle is large, the vehicle is greatly inclined in the left-right direction of the vehicle.
- the vertical angle is 0 degree.
- a vehicle having two front wheels such as the vehicle described in Patent Document 1
- EPS Electric Power Steering system
- the vertical angle suppression function is a function that suppresses the behavior of increasing the vertical angle by applying a steering force that decreases the vertical angle by EPS when the vehicle exhibits a behavior of increasing the vertical angle.
- the vertical angle suppression function is a function that suppresses the behavior of increasing the vertical angle by applying a steering force that decreases the vertical angle by EPS when the vehicle exhibits a behavior of increasing the vertical angle.
- the right front wheel and the left front wheel are steered clockwise as viewed from above the vehicle (the rudder is turned to the right).
- the power is turned off, a force for reducing the vertical angle can be applied to the vehicle.
- a force for reducing the vertical angle can be applied to the vehicle.
- the EPS operation for suppressing the vertical angle acts as a disturbance to the steering wheel when viewed from the rider, which may cause the rider to feel uncomfortable.
- the EPS tries to move.
- EPS tries to move a handle more than a rider's handle operation.
- EPS does not move the handle in response to the rider's handle operation.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a front two-wheeled vehicle equipped with an EPS that realizes a vertical angle suppressing function and hardly causes a rider to feel discomfort.
- a vehicle A body frame that leans to the right of the vehicle when turning right and leans to the left of the vehicle when turning left;
- a right front wheel provided on the right side of the body frame so as to be steerable around a right steering axis extending in the vertical direction of the body frame;
- a left front wheel provided on the left side of the body frame and provided so as to be steerable about a left steering axis extending in a vertical direction of the body frame;
- a cross supported by the body frame so as to be rotatable about a link axis extending in the front-rear direction, and changing a relative position of the right front wheel and the left front wheel in a vertical direction of the body frame according to an inclination of the body frame.
- a link mechanism with members A steering force transmission mechanism that transmits a first steering force by the rider input to the steering force input unit to the right front wheel and the left front wheel;
- a steering force applying device EPS
- a steering force applying device EPL
- a controller controls at least one of the steering force applying device and the turning force applying device so as to generate at least one of the second steering force and the turning force so as to suppress a behavior in which a vertical angle increases;
- the control unit includes an EPS command value that determines the magnitude of the output torque of the first actuator and an EPL command that determines the magnitude of the output torque of the second actuator according to a physical quantity including at least a vehicle speed and a vertical angle.
- the control unit has a ratio a of the EPS command value a to the EPL command value b as the vehicle speed increases when the physical quantity excluding the vehicle speed is constant.
- a vehicle is provided that increases / b.
- the present inventor examined the situation in which the rider feels uncomfortable with the vertical angle suppression function using EPS, and realized that this situation is likely to occur in the low speed range.
- the present inventor has found that the vehicle speed and the limit angle at which the vehicle can maintain a vertical angle have the relationship shown in FIG. 7 when the turning radius is constant.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the relationship between the vehicle speed and the limit angle. As shown in FIG. 7, the limit angle is determined according to the vehicle speed. The lower the vehicle speed, the smaller this limit angle. That is, in the situation where the vehicle speed is low, since the vertical angle suppression function is frequently used, the frequency of the above-mentioned unnaturalness increases.
- the rudder In order to suppress the behavior of increasing the vertical angle, it is effective to increase the rudder in the leaning direction. For example, if the vehicle shows a behavior that increases the vertical angle to the right, the rudder is increased to the right, and if the vehicle shows a behavior that increases the vertical angle to the left, it is steered to the left. It is effective to increase. At this time, since the degree of change in the vertical angle with respect to the operation of the steering force input unit is lower in the low speed range than in the high speed range, even when trying to change the vertical angle by the same angle, the low speed range is higher than in the high speed range. The operation amount of the steering force input unit is increased. In vehicles equipped with EPS, as described above, when the assist torque by EPS increases, the rider tends to feel uncomfortable, and therefore, the rider tends to feel uncomfortable at a low speed range where a large steering force input unit is required. The present inventor found.
- a link mechanism is mounted to incline the vehicle.
- the link mechanism includes a cross member.
- the cross member is supported by the body frame so as to be rotatable about a link axis extending in the front-rear direction, and changes the relative positions of the right front wheel and the left front wheel in the vertical direction of the body frame according to the inclination of the body frame.
- the inventor has noticed that a rotating force that suppresses the behavior of increasing the vertical angle can be applied to the cross member.
- a turning power applying device EPL: Electric Power Leaning System
- the vertical angle can be changed separately from the operation of the steering force input unit. For this reason, when the EPL is used, the vertical angle can be operated with a small operation of the steering force input unit as compared with a vehicle not equipped with the EPL.
- the cross member rotates counterclockwise with respect to the vehicle body frame when the cross member is viewed from the rear in the front-rear direction of the vehicle. Therefore, when the vertical angle increases to the right, the EPL uses the cross member so that the cross member rotates clockwise as viewed from the rear in the front-rear direction of the vehicle so that the vertical angle decreases. Turn power. Conversely, when the vertical angle increases to the left, the cross member is rotated counterclockwise so that the cross member rotates counterclockwise as viewed from the rear in the front-rear direction of the vehicle so that the vertical angle decreases. Apply power.
- the EPL command value is set to a large value, and a larger torque is output from the EPL than the EPS, thereby suppressing the behavior of increasing the vertical angle. In this way, it is difficult for the rider to feel uncomfortable in the low speed range.
- the ratio a / b between the EPS command value a and the EPL command value b is relatively small.
- the EPL command value is not set to a very large value in the high speed range.
- the ratio a / b between the EPS command value a and the EPL command value b is relatively large. Since the control unit sets the EPS command value a and the EPL command value b in this way, the control unit performs control to increase the ratio a / b according to the vehicle speed.
- the EPL does not cause a sense of incongruity in the operation of the rider's steering force input unit because the EPL does not directly apply a force to the steering force input unit by applying a turning force to the cross member.
- the ratio of the output of the EPS to the output of the EPL in the low speed range which is likely to cause a sense of incongruity, tends to be larger than the ratio in the high speed range when suppressing the behavior in which the vertical angle increases only with the EPS. , The feeling of incongruity is less likely to occur.
- the control unit may control the ratio a / b so as to gradually change as the vehicle speed changes.
- the controller may increase the output of the first actuator in accordance with the increase in the vehicle speed when the vehicle speed is at least within a predetermined range.
- the second steering force (assist torque) to the steering force input unit increases as the vehicle speed increases.
- the assist torque to the steering force input part acts to counteract the gyro effect (a phenomenon in which the force that keeps the front wheels maintaining their posture) increases as the vehicle speed increases, so the rider is light even at high speeds.
- the steering force input unit can be operated with a sense of operation. In a four-wheeled vehicle where the vehicle body does not tilt when turning, it is usually aimed to reduce the large steering force required to operate the steering wheel with the vehicle stopped (improvement of stationary torque). Since the EPS is mounted, the assist torque to the steering force input unit is set to be large in the low vehicle speed range, contrary to the control according to the present invention.
- the vehicle may try to change so that a steering angle of the steering force input unit increases or decreases when the vehicle body frame is tilted during traveling.
- the inclination of the body frame and the steering angle of the steering force input section are in a mutually interacting relationship.
- both EPS and EPL are provided, one can compensate for the other or cooperate to control the behavior of the vehicle.
- the control unit may determine an output of the first actuator according to the vertical angle.
- the EPS command value is determined so that the EPS command value increases as the vertical angle increases as in the vehicle according to the configuration of (5).
- the physical quantity includes at least one of a vertical angular velocity and a vertical angular acceleration
- the control unit may determine an output of the first actuator according to at least one of the vertical angular velocity and the vertical angular acceleration.
- the resistance to the lean operation of the vehicle can be reduced. That is, when the rider is trying to lean the vehicle, the output of the first actuator can be determined so that the behavior of the steering force input unit caused by the output of the first actuator by the control unit does not cause the rider to feel uncomfortable. it can.
- the steering angle of the steering force input unit tends to change so as to increase clockwise as viewed from above the vehicle, and the vehicle body frame is moved to the left.
- the steering angle of the steering force input unit may be changed so as to increase counterclockwise when viewed from above the vehicle when it is tilted in the direction.
- the vehicle for example, when the body frame tilts to the right during traveling, the vehicle tries to turn to the right. Then, the steering force input unit also rotates clockwise to further turn the vehicle to the right.
- the characteristic that the steering force input unit further cuts in the leaned direction is called a self-steer characteristic.
- the vertical angle decreases due to the centrifugal force acting on the vehicle by turning.
- the present invention having a function capable of controlling the vertical angle is suitable when applied to a vehicle having a self-steer characteristic because the characteristic can be strengthened or weakened depending on the situation. In a situation where the output torques of the first actuator and the second actuator are both zero, the rider can operate in the same manner as many ordinary vehicles that do not have an actuator at all.
- FIG. 1 is an overall side view of a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a front view of the front part of the vehicle of FIG. It is a top view of the front part of the vehicle of FIG. It is a top view of the vehicle front part of the state which steered the vehicle of FIG. It is a front view of the vehicle front part of the state which inclined the vehicle of FIG. It is a front view of the vehicle front part of the state which made the vehicle of FIG. 1 steer and incline. It is a graph which shows the relationship between a vertical angle, a vehicle speed, and a limit angle. It is a control block diagram of EPS and EPL. It is a schematic diagram which shows an example of control of EPS. It is a schematic diagram which shows an example of control of EPL.
- arrow F indicates the front direction of the vehicle.
- Arrow B indicates the backward direction of the vehicle.
- An arrow U indicates the upward direction of the vehicle.
- An arrow D indicates the downward direction of the vehicle.
- An arrow R indicates the right direction of the vehicle.
- An arrow L indicates the left direction of the vehicle.
- an arrow FF indicates the front direction of the body frame.
- An arrow FB indicates the rear direction of the vehicle body frame.
- An arrow FU indicates the upward direction of the vehicle body frame.
- An arrow FD indicates the downward direction of the vehicle body frame.
- An arrow FR indicates the right direction of the body frame.
- An arrow FL indicates the left direction of the body frame.
- the “front-rear direction of the body frame”, “left-right direction of the body frame”, and “up-down direction of the body frame” refer to the front-rear direction based on the body frame, as viewed from the rider driving the vehicle, It means the horizontal direction and the vertical direction.
- the “side of the body frame” means the right direction or the left direction of the body frame.
- extending in the front-rear direction of the body frame includes extending obliquely with respect to the front-rear direction of the body frame, and the front-rear direction of the body frame compared to the left-right direction and the up-down direction of the body frame. It means to extend with an inclination close to.
- extending in the left-right direction of the body frame includes extending obliquely with respect to the left-right direction of the body frame, and compared with the front-rear direction and the up-down direction of the body frame. It means to extend with an inclination close to.
- extending in the vertical direction of the vehicle body frame includes extending in a vertical direction of the vehicle body frame, and the vertical direction of the vehicle body frame as compared with the front-rear direction and the horizontal direction of the vehicle body frame. It means to extend with an inclination close to.
- the “upright state of the vehicle” means a state in which the vehicle is not steered and the vertical direction of the body frame coincides with the vertical direction.
- the direction based on the vehicle coincides with the direction based on the body frame.
- the vehicle left-right direction does not match the vehicle body frame left-right direction.
- the vertical direction of the vehicle does not match the vertical direction of the body frame.
- the longitudinal direction of the vehicle coincides with the longitudinal direction of the body frame.
- rotation means that the member is displaced at an angle of 360 degrees or more around the central axis. In this specification, “rotation” means that the member is displaced around the central axis at an angle of less than 360 degrees.
- a vehicle having two front wheels and one rear wheel is illustrated as an example of the vehicle.
- FIG. 1 shows a side view of the entire vehicle 1 as viewed from the left side of the vehicle 1.
- the no-load state of the vehicle 1 means an upright state in which the front wheels are neither steered nor tilted when the rider is not on the vehicle 1 and fuel is not mounted on the vehicle 1.
- the vehicle 1 includes a vehicle main body 2, a pair of left and right front wheels 3 (see FIG. 2), a rear wheel 4, and a link mechanism 5.
- the vehicle main body 2 includes a vehicle body frame 21, a vehicle body cover 22, a seat 24, and a power unit 25.
- the body frame 21 includes a head pipe 211, a down frame 212, an under frame 214, and a rear frame 213. In FIG. 1, a portion of the body frame 21 hidden by the body cover 22 is indicated by a broken line.
- the vehicle body frame 21 supports the power unit 25, the seat 24, and the like.
- the power unit 25 includes a drive source such as an engine or an electric motor, a transmission device, and the like.
- the head pipe 211 is disposed in the front portion of the vehicle 1.
- the head pipe 211 is disposed slightly inclined with respect to the vertical direction so that the upper part is positioned slightly rearward from the lower part in a side view of the vehicle 1.
- a link mechanism 5 is disposed around the head pipe 211.
- a steering shaft 60 is rotatably inserted into the head pipe 211.
- the head pipe 211 supports the link mechanism 5.
- the head pipe 211 which is a part of the body frame 21, can tilt to the right of the vehicle 1 when the vehicle 1 turns right, and can tilt to the left of the vehicle 1 when the vehicle 1 turns left.
- the down frame 212 is connected to the head pipe 211.
- the down frame 212 is disposed rearward from the head pipe 211 and extends in the vertical direction.
- An underframe 214 is connected to the lower part of the down frame 212.
- the under frame 214 extends rearward from the lower part of the down frame 212.
- a rear frame 213 extends rearward and upward behind the underframe 214.
- the rear frame 213 supports the seat 24, the power unit 25, the tail lamp, and the like.
- the body frame 21 is covered with a body cover 22.
- the vehicle body cover 22 includes a front cover 221, a pair of left and right front fenders 223, a leg shield 225, a center cover 226, and a rear fender 224.
- the front cover 221 is located in front of the seat 24.
- the front cover 221 covers at least a part of the link mechanism 5.
- the front cover 221 has a front portion 221 a that is disposed in front of the link mechanism 5.
- the front part 221a of the front cover 221 is provided above the front wheel 3 in a side view of the vehicle 1 in an unloaded state.
- the front portion 221 a of the front cover 221 is disposed behind the front end of the front wheel 3 in a side view of the vehicle 1 in an unloaded state.
- the leg shield 225 is disposed below the front cover 221 and in front of the seat 24.
- the center cover 226 is disposed so as to cover the periphery of the rear frame 213.
- the pair of left and right front fenders 223 are disposed below the front cover 221 and above the pair of left and right front wheels 3, respectively.
- the rear fender 224 is disposed above the rear part of the rear wheel 4.
- the pair of left and right front wheels 3 are disposed under the head pipe 211 and under the front cover 221 in an unloaded state.
- the rear wheel 4 is disposed below the center cover 226 and the rear fender 224.
- FIG. 2 is a front view of the front portion of the vehicle 1 of FIG. 1 as viewed from the front.
- FIG. 3 is a plan view of the front portion of the vehicle 1 of FIG. 1 as viewed from above. 2 and 3, the vehicle body cover 22 is shown in a transparent state.
- the vehicle 1 includes a steering force transmission mechanism 6, a link mechanism 5, a left shock absorber 33, a right shock absorber 34, and a pair of left and right front wheels 3.
- the left shock absorber 33 supports the left front wheel 31 and the right front wheel 32 on the vehicle body frame 21.
- the right shock absorber 34 supports the right front wheel 32 on the vehicle body frame 21.
- the pair of left and right front wheels 3 includes a left front wheel 31 and a right front wheel 32.
- the left front wheel 31 and the right front wheel 32 are arranged side by side in the left-right direction of the body frame 21.
- the left front wheel 31 and the right front wheel 32 are arranged symmetrically with respect to the center in the vehicle width direction.
- a first front fender 227 of the pair of left and right front fenders 223 is disposed above the left front wheel 31.
- a second front fender 228 is disposed above the right front wheel 32.
- the left front wheel 31 is supported by the left shock absorber 33.
- the right front wheel 32 is supported by a right shock absorber 34. As shown in FIG.
- the left front wheel 31 includes a left tire 31 a and a left wheel 31 b that supports the left tire 31 a and rotates together with the left brake disk 711.
- the right front wheel 32 includes a right tire 32 a and a right wheel 32 b that supports the right tire 32 a and rotates together with the right brake disc 721.
- the left shock absorber 33 is a so-called telescopic shock absorber that attenuates vibration from the road surface.
- the left shock absorber 33 supports the left front wheel 31 in the lower part, and cushions the displacement of the left front wheel 31 in the vertical direction of the left front wheel 31 with respect to the upper part.
- the left shock absorber 33 has a first lower side portion 33a and a first upper side portion 33b.
- the left front wheel 31 is supported by the first lower side portion 33a.
- the first lower side portion 33a extends in the vertical direction, and a left axle member 314 is supported on the lower end side thereof.
- the left axle member 314 supports the left front wheel 31.
- the first upper side portion 33b is disposed on the upper side of the first lower side portion 33a with a part thereof being inserted into the first lower side portion 33a.
- the first upper portion 33b is movable relative to the first lower portion 33a in the direction in which the first lower portion 33a extends.
- the upper part of the first upper part 33b is fixed to the first bracket 317.
- the first lower side portion 33a and the first upper side portion 33b constitute two telescopic elements connected in parallel in the front-rear direction. Thereby, relative rotation of the first upper side portion 33b with respect to the first lower side portion 33a is suppressed.
- the right shock absorber 34 is a so-called telescopic shock absorber, and attenuates vibration from the road surface.
- the right shock absorber 34 supports the right front wheel 32 at the lower part, and buffers the displacement of the body frame 21 in the vertical direction of the right front wheel 32 with respect to the upper part.
- the right shock absorber 34 includes a second lower side portion 34a and a second upper side portion 34b.
- the right front wheel 32 is supported by the second lower side portion 34a.
- the second lower side portion 34a extends in the vertical direction, and a right axle member 324 is supported on the lower end side thereof.
- the right axle member 324 supports the right front wheel 32.
- the second upper side portion 34b is arranged on the upper side of the second lower side portion 34a in a state where a part thereof is inserted into the second lower side portion 34a.
- the second upper part 34b is movable relative to the second lower part 34a in the direction in which the second lower part 34a extends.
- the upper part of the second upper part 34b is fixed to the second bracket 327.
- the second lower part 34a and the second upper part 34b constitute two telescopic elements connected in parallel in the front-rear direction. Thereby, it is suppressed that the 2nd upper side part 34b rotates relative to the 2nd lower side part 34a.
- the steering force transmission mechanism 6 is disposed above the left front wheel 31 and the right front wheel 32.
- the steering force transmission mechanism 6 includes a steering member 28 as a member for inputting the steering force of the rider.
- the steering member 28 includes a steering shaft 60 and a handle bar 23 connected to the upper portion of the steering shaft 60.
- a part of the steering shaft 60 is inserted into the head pipe 211 and extends substantially in the vertical direction, and is rotatable with respect to the head pipe 211.
- the steering shaft 60 is rotated in accordance with the operation of the handlebar 23 by the rider.
- the steering force transmission mechanism 6 includes a first transmission plate 61, a second transmission plate 62, a third transmission plate 63, a first joint 64, a second joint 65, a third joint 66, a tie rod 67, A first bracket 317 and a second bracket 327 are provided.
- the steering force transmission mechanism 6 transmits a steering force for the rider to operate the handlebar 23 to the first bracket 317 and the second bracket 327 via these members.
- the first transmission plate 61 is disposed in the center in the vehicle width direction and is connected to the steering shaft 60 so as not to rotate relative to the steering shaft 60.
- the first transmission plate 61 rotates as the steering shaft 60 rotates.
- the second transmission plate 62 is rotatably connected to a left side member 53 of the link mechanism 5 described later.
- the second transmission plate 62 is fixed to the first bracket 317.
- the second transmission plate 62 is located below the first bracket 317.
- the second transmission plate 62 is disposed on the left side of the first transmission plate 61.
- the third transmission plate 63 is rotatably connected to a right side member 54 of the link mechanism 5 described later.
- the third transmission plate 63 is disposed symmetrically with the second transmission plate 62 around the first transmission plate 61.
- the third transmission plate 63 is fixed to the second bracket 327.
- the third transmission plate 63 is located below the second bracket 327.
- a first joint 64 is disposed at the front of the first transmission plate 61.
- the first joint 64 is rotatably supported with respect to the first transmission plate 61 by a rotation shaft member extending in the vertical direction.
- a second joint 65 is disposed at the front portion of the second transmission plate 62.
- the second joint 65 is rotatably supported with respect to the second transmission plate 62 by a rotation shaft member extending in the vertical direction.
- a third joint 66 is disposed at the front portion of the third transmission plate 63.
- the third joint 66 is rotatably supported with respect to the third transmission plate 63 by a rotation shaft member extending in the vertical direction.
- the 1st joint 64, the 2nd joint 65, and the 3rd joint 66 have the axial part extended in the front-back direction in each front part.
- the tie rod 67 is arranged so as to extend in the vehicle width direction.
- the tie rod 67 is supported at the front part of the first joint 64, the front part of the second joint 65, and the front part of the third joint 66 so as to be rotatable with respect to a shaft part extending in the front-rear direction.
- the steering force transmission mechanism 6 configured as described above transmits the steering force transmitted from the steering member 28 to the tie rod 67 via the first transmission plate 61 and the first joint 64. As a result, the tie rod 67 is displaced in either one of the left and right directions.
- the steering force transmitted to the tie rod 67 is transmitted from the tie rod 67 to the first bracket 317 through the second transmission plate 62 and the second joint 65, and from the tie rod 67 to the third transmission plate 63 and the third joint 66. 2 is transmitted to the bracket 327.
- the first bracket 317 and the second bracket 327 rotate in the direction in which the tie rod 67 is displaced.
- a parallel four-bar link (also called parallelogram link) type link mechanism 5 is employed.
- the link mechanism 5 is disposed below the handle bar 23.
- the link mechanism 5 is connected to the head pipe 211 of the vehicle body frame 21.
- the link mechanism 5 includes an upper cross member 51, a lower cross member 52, a left side member 53, and a right side member 54 as a configuration for performing the tilting operation of the vehicle 1.
- the link mechanism 5 includes a first bracket 317 and a left shock absorber 33 as a configuration that is connected to a lower portion of the left side member 53 and tilts together with the left side member 53.
- the link mechanism 5 includes a second bracket 327 and a right shock absorber 34 as a configuration that is connected to a lower portion of the right side member 54 and is inclined together with the right side member 54.
- the right side member 54 supports the upper part of the right shock absorber 34 so as to be rotatable around a right steering axis Y ⁇ b> 2 extending in the vertical direction of the vehicle body frame 21.
- the left side member 53 supports the upper part of the left shock absorber 33 so as to be rotatable around the left steering axis Y1 parallel to the right steering axis Y2.
- the upper cross member 51 is connected to the upper and right ends of the right side member 54 so as to be rotatable about the upper right axis E extending in the front-rear direction of the body frame 21, and the upper right axis is connected to the upper and left ends of the left side member 53.
- the lower cross member 52 is connected to the lower side and the right end of the right side member 54 so as to be rotatable about the lower right axis H parallel to the upper right axis E, and the upper left axis J between the lower and left ends of the left side member 53.
- the upper cross member 51 includes a plate-like member 512 that is disposed in front of the head pipe 211 and extends in the vehicle width direction.
- the plate-like member 512 is connected to the head pipe 211 by a support portion, and is rotatable with respect to the head pipe 211 about the upper intermediate axis C extending in the substantially front-rear direction.
- the left end of the upper cross member 51 is connected to the left side member 53 by a connecting portion.
- the upper cross member 51 is rotatable with respect to the left side member 53 about the upper left axis J extending in the substantially front-rear direction.
- the right end of the upper cross member 51 is connected to the right side member 54 by a connecting portion.
- the upper cross member 51 is rotatable with respect to the right side member 54 about the upper right axis E extending substantially in the front-rear direction.
- the lower cross member 52 is connected to the head pipe 211 by a support portion, and can be rotated around a lower intermediate axis K extending substantially in the front-rear direction.
- the lower cross member 52 is disposed below the upper cross member 51.
- the lower cross member 52 has substantially the same length in the vehicle width direction as the upper cross member 51 and is disposed in parallel with the upper cross member 51.
- the lower cross member 52 includes a pair of plate-like members 522 and 522 extending in the vehicle width direction.
- the pair of plate-like members 522 and 522 are arranged so as to sandwich the head pipe 211 in the front-rear direction.
- the pair of plate-like members 522 and 522 are integrally connected by an intermediate portion 523.
- the intermediate portion 523 may be integrated with or separated from the pair of plate-like members 522 and 522.
- the left end of the lower cross member 52 is connected to the left side member 53 by a connecting portion.
- the lower cross member 52 is rotatable with respect to the left side member 53 about a lower left axis G extending substantially in the front-rear direction.
- the right end of the lower cross member 52 is connected to the right side member 54 by a connecting portion.
- the lower cross member 52 is rotatable with respect to the right side member 54 about the lower right axis H extending substantially in the front-rear direction.
- the left side member 53 is disposed on the left side of the head pipe 211 and extends in parallel with the direction in which the head pipe 211 extends.
- the left side member 53 is disposed above the left front wheel 31 and above the left shock absorber 33.
- the lower part of the left side member 53 is connected to the first bracket 317, and is attached to the first bracket 317 so as to be rotatable about the left steering axis Y1.
- the right side member 54 is disposed on the right side of the head pipe 211 and extends in parallel with the direction in which the head pipe 211 extends.
- the right side member 54 is disposed above the right front wheel 32 and above the right shock absorber 34.
- the lower part of the right side member 54 is connected to the second bracket 327, and is attached to the second bracket 327 so as to be rotatable about the right steering axis Y2.
- the upper cross member 51, the lower cross member 52, the left side member 53, and the right side member 54 maintain the posture in which the upper cross member 51 and the lower cross member 52 are parallel to each other, and the left side member 53 and the right side member 54
- the side members 54 are connected so as to maintain a mutually parallel posture.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the steering operation of the vehicle 1 and is a plan view of the front portion of the vehicle 1 in a state where the vehicle 1 is steered.
- the steering force transmission mechanism 6 operates to perform a steering operation.
- the steering shaft 60 is rotated by rotating the handle bar 23
- the first transmission plate 61 is rotated with the rotation of the steering shaft 60.
- the tie rod 67 moves to the left rear as the first transmission plate 61 rotates.
- the first transmission plate 61 is rotated with respect to the first joint 64 by the substantially vertical rotation shaft member of the first joint 64, and the tie rod 67 moves to the left rear while maintaining the posture.
- the second transmission plate 62 and the third transmission plate 63 rotate in the direction of the arrow T around the left side member 53 and the right side member 54, respectively.
- the second transmission plate 62 rotates with respect to the second joint 65 around the rotation shaft member extending in the vertical direction of the second joint 65
- the third transmission plate 63 extends in the vertical direction of the third joint 66. It rotates with respect to the third joint 66 around the rotation shaft member.
- the first bracket 317 and the second bracket 327 are rotated in the direction of the arrow T.
- the left front wheel 31 rotates about the left steering axis Y1 (see FIG. 2) via the left shock absorber 33, and the right front wheel 32 moves to the right. It rotates around the right steering axis Y2 (see FIG. 2) via the shock absorber 34.
- FIG. 5 is a view for explaining the tilting operation of the vehicle 1 and is a front view of the front portion of the vehicle 1 in a state where the vehicle 1 is tilted.
- the vehicle 1 tilts in the left-right direction with the operation of the link mechanism 5.
- the operation of the link mechanism 5 means that each member (upper cross member 51, lower cross member 52, left side member 53 and right side member 54) for performing the tilting operation in the link mechanism 5 is relative to each other with the respective connection points as axes. It means that the link mechanism 5 changes its shape by rotating.
- the upper cross member 51, the lower cross member 52, the left side member 53, and the right side member 54 that are arranged in a substantially rectangular shape in a front view in an upright state are in a state where the vehicle 1 is inclined. It is deformed into a substantially parallelogram.
- the link mechanism 5 performs the tilting operation in conjunction with the relative rotation operations of the upper cross member 51, the lower cross member 52, the left side member 53, and the right side member 54, thereby moving the left front wheel 31 and the right front wheel 32 together. Tilt each.
- the head pipe 211 tilts to the left of the vehicle 1 with respect to the vertical direction.
- the upper cross member 51 rotates with respect to the head pipe 211 about the upper intermediate axis C
- the lower cross member 52 rotates with respect to the head pipe 211 about the lower intermediate axis K.
- the upper cross member 51 moves to the left of the lower cross member 52
- the left side member 53 and the right side member 54 are inclined with respect to the vertical direction while maintaining a state parallel to the head pipe 211.
- the left side member 53 and the right side member 54 are inclined, the left side member 53 and the right side member 54 rotate with respect to the upper cross member 51 and the lower cross member 52.
- the left front wheel 31 and the right front wheel 32 supported by the left side member 53 and the right side member 54 are vertically moved in accordance with the tilt of the left side member 53 and the right side member 54, respectively.
- the head pipe 211 is tilted while maintaining a parallel state.
- the tie rod 67 rotates with respect to the axial portions of the first joint 64, the second joint 65, and the third joint 66 in the front-rear direction. Accordingly, the tie rod 67 maintains a parallel posture with respect to the upper cross member 51 and the lower cross member 52 even when the vehicle 1 is inclined.
- the link mechanism 5 that tilts the left front wheel 31 and the right front wheel 32 by performing the tilting operation is disposed above the left front wheel 31 and the right front wheel 32, respectively. That is, the rotational axes of the upper cross member 51, the lower cross member 52, the left side member 53, and the right side member 54 that are rotational members constituting the link mechanism 5 are disposed above the left front wheel 31 and the right front wheel 32. ing.
- FIG. 6 is a front view of the front portion of the vehicle 1 in a state where the vehicle 1 is steered and tilted.
- FIG. 6 shows a state in which the vehicle 1 is steered leftward and tilted leftward of the vehicle 1.
- the directions of the left front wheel 31 and the right front wheel 32 are changed by the steering operation, and the left front wheel 31 and the right front wheel 32 are tilted together with the vehicle body frame 21 by the tilting operation.
- EPS Electric Power Steering System
- a steering shaft 60 can be rotated by a first actuator 71 such as a motor. 70).
- the EPS 70 assists a rider's steering force (an example of a first steering force) input to a handlebar 23 (an example of a steering force input unit) coupled to the steering shaft 60.
- One side of the first actuator 71 of the EPS 70 is fixed to the vehicle body frame 21.
- the other of the first actuator 71 that is displaced with respect to one is fixed to the steering shaft 60 or a member that is displaced together with the steering shaft 60.
- the EPS 70 applies a force to rotate the steering shaft 60 or stop the rotation with respect to the vehicle body frame 21.
- a vehicle having two front wheels such as the vehicle described in Patent Document 1
- EPS 70 an example of an electric power steering system
- the vehicle 1 tends to change so that the steering angle of the steering wheel increases clockwise as viewed from above the vehicle when the vehicle body frame 21 tilts to the right, and when the vehicle body frame 21 tilts to the left.
- the steering angle of the steering wheel tends to change so as to increase counterclockwise when viewed from above the vehicle.
- the vertical angle suppression function of the vehicle 1 can be added using the EPS 70.
- the vertical angle suppression function is a function that suppresses the behavior of increasing the vertical angle by applying a steering force that decreases the vertical angle by the EPS 70 when the vehicle 1 exhibits the behavior of increasing the vertical angle.
- the vertical angle refers to an acute angle formed by an imaginary line extending in the vertical direction of the body frame 21 with respect to the vertical direction when the vehicle 1 is viewed from the front. Specifically, when attempting to suppress a behavior in which the vertical angle increases to the right during traveling, the right front wheel 32 and the left front wheel 31 are steered clockwise as viewed from above the vehicle (the rudder is turned on).
- a force that reduces the vertical angle can be applied to the vehicle 1.
- the right front wheel 32 and the left front wheel 31 are steered counterclockwise as viewed from above the vehicle (the rudder is turned to the left). Then, a force for reducing the vertical angle can be applied to the vehicle 1.
- the EPS 70 operation for suppressing the vertical angle acts as a disturbance to the handlebar 23 when viewed from the rider, causing the rider to feel uncomfortable.
- the EPS 70 tries to move even though the rider is not operating the steering wheel.
- EPS70 tries to move the handlebar 23 more than a rider's handle operation.
- the EPS 70 does not attempt to move the handle bar 23 in response to the rider's handle operation.
- the present embodiment provides the vehicle 1 equipped with the EPS 70 that realizes the vertical angle suppression function and hardly causes the rider to feel discomfort.
- the present inventor examined the situation where the rider feels uncomfortable, and realized that this situation is likely to occur in the low speed range.
- the present inventor has found that the vehicle speed and the limit angle at which the vehicle 1 can maintain the vertical angle have the relationship shown in FIG.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the relationship between the vehicle speed and the limit angle.
- the limit angle is determined according to the vehicle speed. The lower the vehicle speed, the smaller this limit angle. That is, in the situation where the vehicle speed is low, since the vertical angle suppression function is frequently used, the frequency of the above-mentioned unnaturalness increases.
- the rudder In order to suppress the behavior in which the vertical angle increases, it is effective to increase the rudder (handlebar 23) in the direction in which the vehicle 1 is leaning. For example, if the vehicle 1 shows a behavior in which the vertical angle increases to the right, the rudder is increased to the right, and if the vehicle 1 shows a behavior in which the vertical angle increases to the left, the left It is effective to increase the rudder. At this time, since the degree of change in the vertical angle with respect to the operation of the handlebar 23 is lower in the low speed region than in the high speed region, even when trying to change the vertical angle by the same angle, the handle in the low speed region is higher than in the high speed region. The operation amount increases.
- the rider is likely to feel uncomfortable, and therefore, the rider is likely to feel uncomfortable in a low speed range where a large amount of operation of the handlebar 23 is required.
- the present inventor found.
- the link mechanism 5 is mounted to incline the vehicle 1.
- the link mechanism 5 includes an upper cross member 51.
- the upper cross member 51 is supported by the vehicle body frame 21 so as to be rotatable about a link axis extending in the front-rear direction, and is relative to the right front wheel 32 and the left front wheel 31 in the vertical direction of the vehicle body frame 21 according to the inclination of the vehicle body frame 21. Change position.
- the inventor has noticed that the upper cross member 51 can be applied with a rotational force that suppresses the behavior of increasing the vertical angle.
- EPL Electric Power leaning ⁇ System
- the vehicle 1 includes an EPL 90 that operates the link mechanism 5 by a second actuator 91 such as a motor.
- a second actuator 91 such as a motor.
- One of the second actuators 91 of the EPL 90 is fixed to the vehicle body frame 21.
- the other of the second actuators 91 that is displaced relative to one of the second actuators 91 is fixed to the upper cross member 51.
- the EPL 90 applies a force for rotating the upper cross member 51 to the vehicle body frame 21 or stopping the rotation.
- FIG. 8 is a block diagram when driving the EPS 70 and the EPL 90.
- the vehicle 1 includes a steering angle sensor 81, a steering torque sensor 82, a left wheel speed sensor 83, a right wheel speed sensor 84, a vertical angle sensor 85, a ground angle sensor 86, And a control unit 80.
- Each of these sensors 81 to 86 is electrically connected to the control unit 80.
- the steering angle sensor 81 transmits an electric signal corresponding to the steering angle that is the rotation angle of the handlebar 23 to the control unit 80.
- the control unit 80 calculates the steering angle from the output of the steering angle sensor 81.
- the control unit 80 can calculate the steering angular velocity.
- the control unit can calculate the steering angular acceleration by further differentiating the steering angular velocity with respect to time.
- the steering torque sensor 82 transmits an electrical signal corresponding to the steering force input to the handlebar 23 to the control unit 80.
- the control unit 80 differentiates the output of the steering torque sensor 82 with respect to time, the control unit 80 can calculate a differential value of the steering torque.
- the left wheel speed sensor 83 transmits an electric signal corresponding to the rotation speed of the left front wheel 31 to the control unit 80.
- the right wheel speed sensor 84 transmits an electrical signal corresponding to the rotational speed of the right front wheel 32 to the control unit 80.
- the control unit 80 calculates the vehicle speed from the output of the left wheel speed sensor 83 and the output of the right wheel speed sensor 84.
- the vertical angle sensor 85 transmits an electric signal corresponding to the inclination angle of the vehicle 1 in the left-right direction with respect to the vertical direction to the control unit 80.
- the vertical angle sensor 85 outputs an electrical signal corresponding to the tilt angle of the head pipe 211 in the left-right direction with respect to the direction of gravity.
- a known gyro sensor can be used as the vertical angle sensor 85.
- the control unit 80 calculates the vertical angle from the output of the vertical angle sensor 85.
- the control unit 80 can calculate the vertical angular velocity by differentiating the output of the vertical angle sensor 85 with respect to time.
- the vertical angular velocity may be detected using a vertical angular velocity sensor.
- the control unit 80 can calculate the vertical angular acceleration by differentiating the vertical angular velocity with respect to time.
- the ground angle sensor 86 transmits an electric signal corresponding to the inclination angle in the left-right direction of the vehicle 1 with respect to the vertical direction of the road surface to the control unit 80.
- the ground angle sensor 86 detects the rotation angle of the upper cross member 51 with respect to the head pipe 211, so that the vertical direction of the road surface is increased.
- An electric signal corresponding to the inclination angle of the vehicle 1 in the left-right direction can be output.
- the control unit 80 calculates the ground angle from the output of the ground angle sensor 86.
- the control unit 80 transmits the EPS command value a to the EPS 70.
- the control unit 80 transmits the EPL command value b to the EPL 90.
- the EPS 70 includes a first controller 72 and a first actuator 71.
- the first controller 72 supplies current to the first actuator 71 so that an output torque corresponding to the EPS command value a can be obtained.
- the EPL 90 includes a second controller 92 and a second actuator 91.
- the second controller 92 supplies current to the second actuator 91 so that an output torque corresponding to the EPL command value b is obtained.
- the control unit 80 determines the EPS command value a and the EPL command value b as follows.
- the controller 80 determines the EPS command value a in accordance with the steering angle, steering torque, vehicle speed, vertical angle, ground angle, vertical angular velocity, and the like.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of control of the EPS 70. As shown in FIG. 9, the control unit 80 can determine the EPS command value based on the following (a) to (g).
- the control unit 80 determines the base assist command value according to the steering torque and the vehicle speed, for example.
- the rider intends to increase the turning angle.
- the base assist command value is determined so that the base assist command value increases as the steering torque and the vehicle speed increase.
- the control unit 80 determines the static friction correction value according to, for example, the time differential value of the steering torque. For example, when the controller 80 determines the static friction correction value so that the static friction correction value increases as the time differential value of the steering torque increases, the static friction force can be compensated.
- the static friction force here is a static friction force generated between mechanical elements in a force transmission path from the handlebar 23 to which the steering force input by the rider is transmitted to the left front wheel 31 and the right front wheel 32.
- the control unit 80 determines the viscosity correction value according to the vehicle speed and the steering angular velocity, for example. For example, when the controller 80 determines the viscosity correction value so that the viscosity correction value increases as the vehicle speed and the steering angular velocity increase, a viscous resistance force can be added to the operation of the rider's handlebar 23.
- the viscous resistance is a resistance generated by the first actuator 71 in a pseudo manner with respect to the rider's operation.
- FIG. 9 shows a form in which the viscosity correction value is added to the current command value as in (a), (b) and (d) to (g) described later. Has a negative coefficient, and the viscous resistance acts as a damping force for the operation of the rider's handlebar 23.
- the control unit 80 determines the dynamic friction correction value according to the steering angular velocity, for example. For example, when the control unit 80 determines the dynamic friction correction value so that the dynamic friction correction value increases as the steering angular velocity increases, the dynamic friction force can be compensated.
- the dynamic friction force here is a dynamic friction force generated between mechanical elements in a force transmission path from the handlebar 23 to the left front wheel 31 and the right front wheel 32 to which the steering force input by the rider is transmitted.
- the control unit 80 determines the inertia correction value according to the steering angular acceleration obtained by differentiating the steering angular velocity with respect to time, for example. For example, when the control unit 80 determines the inertia correction value so that the inertia correction value increases as the steering angular acceleration increases, the inertia of the first actuator can be compensated. Compensating the inertia of the first actuator 71 can produce the same steering feeling as when the first actuator 71 is not mounted on the vehicle 1.
- the control unit 80 can determine the vertical angle correction value according to the vehicle speed and the vertical angle, for example. As the vertical angle increases, it becomes more difficult to reduce the vertical angle of the vehicle 1. Therefore, the vertical angle correction value is determined so that the vertical angle correction value increases as the vertical angle increases.
- the control unit 80 can determine the lean operation correction value according to, for example, the vertical angular velocity and the vertical angular acceleration. For example, in order to reduce the resistance component of the upper cross member 51 with respect to the head pipe 211 that realizes the lean operation, the control unit 80 may determine the lean operation correction value according to the vertical angular velocity and the vertical angular acceleration. .
- the control unit 80 calculates the final EPS command value a by summing the values (a) to (g). At this time, when an upper limit value is set for the current value that can be input to the first actuator 71, the control unit 80 outputs an EPS value that is smaller than the maximum current value that is input to the first actuator 71. The command value a is determined.
- the control unit 80 determines the EPL command value b according to the vehicle speed, the vertical angle, the ground angle, and the like.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of control of the EPL 90. As shown in FIG. 10, the control unit 80 can determine the EPL command value based on the following (h) to (k).
- the control unit 80 determines the base assist command value according to, for example, the vertical angle and the vehicle speed.
- the greater the vertical angle the greater the force input to the upper cross member 51 required to reduce the tilt angle of the vehicle 1.
- the greater the vehicle speed the greater the force required to turn the handlebar 23 and / or the force required to move the rider's center of gravity required to reduce the tilt angle of the vehicle 1. Therefore, the base assist command value is determined so that the base assist command value increases as the steering torque and the vehicle speed increase.
- the control unit 80 determines the viscosity correction value according to, for example, the vehicle speed and the vertical angular velocity. For example, the controller 80 can apply a larger viscous resistance force as the vehicle speed and the vertical angular velocity are larger.
- the viscous resistance force is a resistance force that the second actuator 91 generates in a pseudo manner with respect to the rider's operation.
- the viscosity correction value is added to the current command value as in (h) and (j) and (k) described later, but the viscosity compensation is a negative coefficient.
- the viscous resistance acts as a damping force for lean operation.
- the control unit 80 determines the dynamic friction correction value according to the vehicle speed and the vertical angular velocity, for example. For example, when the controller 80 determines the dynamic friction correction value so that the dynamic friction correction value increases as the vehicle speed and the vertical angular velocity increase, the dynamic friction force can be compensated.
- the dynamic friction force here is a dynamic friction force generated between mechanical elements in a force transmission path from the upper cross member 51 to which the output torque of the second actuator 91 is input to the left front wheel 31 and the right front wheel 32.
- the control unit 80 determines the inertia correction value according to the vehicle speed and the vertical angular acceleration, for example.
- the vertical angular acceleration is a value obtained by differentiating the input from the vertical angle sensor twice with respect to time. For example, when the control unit 80 determines the inertia correction value so that the inertia correction value increases as the vehicle speed and the vertical angular acceleration increase, the inertia of the second actuator 91 can be compensated. By compensating for the inertia of the second actuator 91, it is possible to produce the same feeling as when the second actuator 91 is not mounted on the vehicle 1.
- the control unit 80 calculates the final EPL command value b by adding the values (h) to (k). At this time, if an upper limit value is set for the current value that can be input to the second actuator 91, the control unit 80 outputs an EPL so that a value smaller than the maximum current value input to the second actuator 91 is output.
- the command value b is determined.
- the control unit 80 finally adjusts the EPS command value a and the EPL command value b so that the EPS command value a and the EPL command value b calculated as described above have a specific ratio. Then, the EPS command value a is transmitted to the first controller 72 of the EPS 70, and the EPL command value b is transmitted to the second controller 92 of the EPL 90.
- control unit 80 determines the output torque of the first actuator 71 relative to the EPL command value b that determines the output torque of the second actuator 91 as the vehicle speed increases when the physical quantity excluding the vehicle speed is constant.
- the ratio a / b of the EPS command value a to be determined is increased.
- control unit 80 increases the ratio a / b as the vehicle speed increases while the vehicle speed is within the normal speed range.
- the normal speed region can be set to, for example, 0 km / h or more and 200 km / h or less per hour.
- the first actuator 71 applies a steering force to the steering force transmission mechanism 6 through the first power transmission path.
- the second actuator 91 imparts rotational force to the link mechanism 5 through a second power transmission path independent of the first power transmission mechanism.
- the first power transmission mechanism is a mechanism for transmitting the output torque of the first actuator 71 between the output shaft of the first actuator 71 and the steering shaft 60, for example.
- the second power transmission mechanism is a mechanism that transmits the output torque of the second actuator 91 between the output shaft of the second actuator 91 and the upper cross member 51.
- the vertical angle can be changed by the first actuator 71 independently of the second actuator 91.
- the two actuators 91 can change the vertical angle regardless of the first actuator 71.
- the vertical angle can be changed separately from the operation of the rider's handlebar 23 by using the EPL90. For this reason, when the EPL 90 is used, the vertical angle can be operated by a small operation of the handle bar 23 as compared with the vehicle 1 not equipped with the EPL 90.
- the EPL 90 rotates the upper cross member 51 clockwise as viewed from the rear in the front-rear direction of the vehicle 1 so that the vertical angle decreases when the vertical angle increases to the right.
- the rotational force is applied to the upper cross member 51.
- the EPL 90 has the upper cross member 51 counterclockwise as viewed from the rear in the front-rear direction of the vehicle 1 so that the vertical angle decreases when the vertical angle increases to the left. A turning force is applied to the upper cross member 51 so as to rotate.
- the EPL command value is set to a large value in the low speed range, and is made smaller than the ratio of the EPS output to the EPL output in the high speed range, thereby suppressing the behavior of increasing the vertical angle. .
- the ratio a / b between the EPS command value a and the EPL command value b is relatively small.
- the EPL command value is not set to a very large value in the high speed range.
- the ratio a / b between the EPS command value a and the EPL command value b is relatively large. Since the control unit 80 sets the EPS command value a and the EPL command value b in this way, the control unit 80 performs control to increase the ratio a / b according to the vehicle speed.
- the control unit 80 determines the ratio a / b according to at least a physical quantity such as a vehicle speed or a vertical angle.
- the controller 80 may determine the ratio a / b according to a physical quantity such as a steering torque in addition to the vehicle speed and the vertical angle.
- the EPS command value a, the EPS command value b, or the ratio a / b may be set according to the acceleration of the vehicle 1 or the like.
- the control unit 80 increases the ratio a / b as the vehicle speed increases when the physical quantity other than the vehicle speed is constant.
- the control unit 80 sets the ratio a / b large in the latter state.
- the control unit 80 may set the ratio a / b larger than the former state in the latter state, or may set the ratio a / b larger than the latter state in the former state.
- the ratio a / b may be set to the same value in both states.
- the command values a and b may be a current value of power supplied to the first actuator 71 or the second actuator 91, or may be a duty ratio.
- the control unit 80 may control the ratio a / b so as to gradually change as the vehicle speed changes. Since the change in the ratio between the output torque of the first actuator 71 and the output torque of the second actuator 91 according to the vehicle speed is gentle, it is difficult for the rider to feel uncomfortable.
- the ratio a / b may be increased stepwise as the vehicle speed increases.
- the control unit 80 may set the ratio a / b to increase at a specific gradient as the vehicle speed increases.
- the control unit 80 may set the ratio a / b so as to change stepwise into at least two values between the vehicle speed of 0 km / h and the maximum vehicle speed.
- the control unit 80 may set the ratio a / b to increase at two or more specific gradients between the vehicle speed of 0 km / h and the maximum vehicle speed.
- the control unit 80 may divide the vehicle speed into two equal parts between the vehicle speed of 0 km / h and the maximum speed of the vehicle, and classify the case into a low speed range and a higher speed range.
- the control unit 80 may increase the output torque of the first actuator 71 in accordance with the increase of the vertical angle in the high speed range.
- the control unit 80 may increase or decrease the output torque of the second actuator 91 according to the increase in the vertical angle while increasing the ratio a / b as the vehicle speed increases.
- the control unit 80 may increase the output torque of the second actuator 91 in accordance with the increase of the vertical angle in the low speed range.
- the control unit 80 may increase or decrease the output torque of the first actuator 71 according to the increase in the vertical angle while increasing the ratio a / b as the vehicle speed increases. However, it does not have to be changed.
- the vehicle speed is not limited to bisected between 0 km / h and the maximum speed of the vehicle.
- the vehicle speed is between 0 km / h and the maximum speed of the vehicle. It may be divided into three equal parts.
- the vehicle speed may be divided into a very low speed range, a low speed range, a high speed range, and a very high speed range from 0 km / h to the maximum speed of the vehicle, or may be equally divided into 5 or more.
- the controller 80 may set the ratio a / b to increase with a value or gradient suitable for the equally divided vehicle speed range while increasing the vehicle speed as the vehicle speed increases.
- the vehicle speed may be arbitrarily divided between 0 km / h and the maximum vehicle speed instead of equally dividing the vehicle speed.
- the maximum speed of the vehicle 1 is 250 km / h
- 0 to 20 km / h is the first speed range
- 20 to 50 k / h is the second speed range
- 50 to 90 km / h is the third speed range
- 90 to 250 km / h may be divided from the fourth speed range.
- the controller 80 may set the ratio a / b to increase with a value or gradient suitable for an arbitrarily divided vehicle speed range while increasing the vehicle speed as the vehicle speed increases.
- control unit 80 may determine the EPS command value so as to increase the output of the first actuator 71 according to the increase in the vehicle speed when the vehicle speed is at least within a predetermined range. .
- the second steering force (assist torque) to the handlebar 23 increases as the vehicle speed increases.
- the assist torque applied to the handlebar 23 acts to counteract the gyro effect (a phenomenon in which the force that tries to maintain the front wheel 3 as it is) that increases as the vehicle speed increases, so the rider is light even at high speeds.
- the handle can be operated with a feeling of operation.
- the EPS 70 is usually mounted for the purpose of improving the stationary torque, so that the assist to the steering wheel in the low vehicle speed range, contrary to the control according to the present embodiment.
- the torque is set to be large. If the EPS 70 has an upper limit of the output torque, the EPS command value may not be set to a large value as the vehicle speed increases if the vehicle speed increases sufficiently.
- the vehicle 1 tends to change so that the steering angle of the handlebar 23 increases or decreases when the vehicle body frame 21 tilts during traveling.
- the inclination of the vehicle body frame 21 and the steering angle of the handle bar 23 are in a mutually interacting relationship. In such a case, when both the EPS 70 and the EPL 90 are mounted on the vehicle 1, it becomes possible for one to compensate for the other, or to control the behavior of the vehicle 1 in cooperation.
- the control unit 80 may determine the output of the first actuator 71 according to the vertical angle. As described above, as the vertical angle increases, the rider's steering force required to reduce the vehicle inclination angle increases. For this reason, the EPS command value a is determined so that the EPS command value a increases as the vertical angle increases.
- the physical quantity includes at least one of the vertical angular velocity and the vertical angular acceleration
- the control unit 80 determines whether the first actuator 71 outputs may be determined.
- the resistance to the lean operation of the vehicle 1 can be reduced. That is, when the rider tries to lean the vehicle 1, the output of the first actuator 71 is determined so that the behavior of the handle resulting from the output of the first actuator 71 by the control unit 80 does not cause the rider to feel uncomfortable. Can do.
- the vehicle 1 will change so that the steering angle of the handlebar 23 increases clockwise as seen from above the vehicle when the body frame 21 tilts to the right.
- the steering angle of the handlebar 23 may change so as to increase counterclockwise when viewed from above the vehicle when the vehicle body frame 21 is tilted to the left.
- the vehicle body frame 21 tilts to the right during traveling, the vehicle 1 tries to turn right. Then, the handle bar 23 also rotates clockwise to further turn the vehicle 1 to the right. In this way, when the vehicle 1 is leaned, the characteristic that the handlebar 23 is further cut in the leaned direction is referred to as a self-steer characteristic.
- the centrifugal force acts on the vehicle 1 by turning the vertical angle decreases.
- the present embodiment having a function capable of controlling the vertical angle is suitable when applied to the vehicle 1 having the self-steer characteristic because the characteristic can be strengthened or weakened depending on the situation. In a situation where the output torques of the first actuator 71 and the second actuator 91 are both zero, the rider can operate in the same manner as many ordinary vehicles 1 that have no actuator.
- a brush motor, brushless motor, or hydraulic device can be used as the first actuator or the second actuator.
- the first actuator and the second actuator may include a speed reduction mechanism such as a gear box, a link device, and the like.
- the acute angle in the present invention and the above embodiment is an angle including 0 ° and smaller than 90 °. Originally, the acute angle does not include 0 °, but in the present invention and the above-described embodiment, the acute angle includes 0 °.
- intersects perpendicularly with the upper axis of a cross member, and a lower axis is a plane extended back and upward.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the virtual plane perpendicular to the upper axis and the lower axis of the cross member may be a plane extending forward and upward.
- parallel includes two straight lines that are inclined within a range of ⁇ 40 ° and do not intersect as members.
- “along” with respect to “direction”, “member” and the like includes a case where the angle is within a range of ⁇ 40 °.
- “extending” with respect to “direction” includes a case where the surface is inclined within a range of ⁇ 40 °.
- the vehicle 1 may include a vehicle body cover that covers the vehicle body frame.
- the body cover that covers the body frame may not be provided.
- the power unit includes a power source.
- the power source is not limited to the engine but may be an electric motor.
- the center in the left-right direction of the body frame 21 of the rear wheel 4 coincides with the center of the distance between the left front wheel 31 and the right front wheel 32 in the left-right direction of the body frame 21.
- the center in the left-right direction of the body frame 21 of the rear wheel 4 may not coincide with the center of the distance between the left front wheel 31 and the right front wheel 32 in the left-right direction of the body frame 21.
- the right side member 54, the left side member 53, and the head pipe 211 are provided at overlapping positions in a side view of the body frame 21.
- the head pipe 211 may be provided at different positions in the front-rear direction with respect to the right side member 54 and the left side member 53 in a side view of the vehicle body frame 21.
- the inclination angle of the right side member 54 and the left side member 53 with respect to the vertical direction of the body frame 21 may be different from the inclination angle of the head pipe 211.
- the head pipe that supports the link mechanism may be composed of a single part or a plurality of parts. In the case of a plurality of parts, they may be joined by welding, adhesion, or the like, or may be joined by fastening members such as bolts and rivets.
- the head pipe 211 has been described as a part of the vehicle body frame 21 that rotatably supports the steering shaft 60, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the vehicle body frame may further include a link support portion that rotatably supports the upper cross member and the lower cross member.
- the vehicle may include a first steering shaft and a second steering shaft that is a separate component from the first steering shaft that rotates in response to the rotation of the first steering shaft.
- the handlebar may be attached to the first steering shaft
- the tie rod may be attached to the second steering shaft.
- the vehicle body frame includes a link support portion that supports a link such as a head pipe, a connecting member (upper front and rear frame portion), a down frame (upper and lower frame portion), and an under frame (lower front and rear frame portion). They are connected by welding.
- a link support portion such as a head pipe, a connecting member (upper front and rear frame portion), a down frame (upper and lower frame portion), and an under frame (lower front and rear frame portion). They are connected by welding.
- the vehicle body frame of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment.
- the vehicle body frame only needs to have a link support portion, an upper front and rear frame portion, an upper and lower frame portion, and a lower front and rear frame portion.
- the body frame may be formed entirely or partially by casting or the like.
- the upper front and rear frame portions and the upper and lower frame portions may be configured by one member, or may be configured by separate members.
- the left shock absorber 33 and the right shock absorber 34 each include a pair of telescopic mechanisms.
- the number of telescopic mechanisms provided in the left shock absorber 33 and the right shock absorber 34 may be one.
- the vehicle 1 on which the telescopic shock absorbers 33 and 34 are mounted has been described, but the present invention is not limited to this example. The present invention can also be applied to a vehicle equipped with a link type shock absorber.
- the acute angle formed between the rotation axis of the steering shaft and the vertical direction of the vehicle body frame coincides with the acute angle formed by the expansion / contraction direction of the right shock absorber and the left shock absorber and the vertical direction of the vehicle body frame.
- the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment.
- the acute angle formed by the intermediate steering axis Y3 of the steering shaft and the vertical direction of the vehicle body frame may be smaller or larger than the acute angle formed by the expansion and contraction directions of the right shock absorber and the left shock absorber and the vertical direction of the vehicle body frame. Also good.
- the intermediate steering axis Y3 of the steering shaft and the expansion / contraction directions of the right shock absorber and the left shock absorber are the same.
- the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment.
- the rotation axis of the steering shaft and the expansion and contraction directions of the right shock absorber and the left shock absorber may be separated in the front-rear direction. For example, you may cross.
- the expansion / contraction direction of the right shock absorber matches the right steering axis Y2 of the right shock absorber, and the expansion / contraction direction of the right shock absorber matches the left steering axis Y1 of the left shock absorber.
- the expansion / contraction direction of the right shock absorber does not coincide with the right steering axis Y2 of the right shock absorber, and the expansion / contraction direction of the right shock absorber does not need to coincide with the left steering axis Y1 of the left shock absorber.
- the right front wheel and the left front wheel are supported such that their upper ends are movable from the upper end of the down frame of the body frame to the upper side in the vertical direction of the body frame.
- the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment.
- the right front wheel and the left front wheel may be movable to the same height as or below the upper end of the down frame of the body frame in the vertical direction of the body frame.
- the upper cross member includes an upper front cross member constituted by a single part, an upper rear cross member constituted by a single part, and a connecting member provided between them and formed by a plurality of parts. You can leave. In the case of a plurality of parts, they may be joined by welding, adhesion, or the like, or may be joined by fastening members such as bolts and rivets.
- the lower cross member includes a lower front cross member constituted by one piece of component, a lower rear cross member constituted by one piece of component, and a connecting member provided between them and formed by a plurality of components. You can leave. In the case of a plurality of parts, they may be joined by welding, adhesion, or the like, or may be joined by fastening members such as bolts and rivets.
- the right side member and the left side member may be configured by a single part or a plurality of parts. In the case of a plurality of parts, they may be joined by welding, adhesion, or the like, or may be joined by fastening members such as bolts and rivets.
- positioned back may be included.
- An upper cross member or a lower cross member may be disposed between a portion disposed in front of the right side member and the left side member and a portion disposed behind.
- the link mechanism may further include a cross member in addition to the upper cross member and the lower cross member.
- the upper cross member and the lower cross member are merely named in a relative vertical relationship.
- the upper cross member does not indicate the uppermost cross member in the link mechanism.
- the upper cross member means a cross member located above another cross member below the upper cross member.
- the lower cross member does not indicate the lowest cross member in the link mechanism.
- the lower cross member means a cross member located below another cross member above it.
- the cross member may be composed of two parts, a right cross member and a left cross member.
- the upper cross member and the lower cross member may be configured by a plurality of cross members as long as they have a link function. Further, another cross member may be provided between the upper cross member and the lower cross member.
- the link mechanism only needs to include an upper cross member and a lower cross member.
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Abstract
Description
具体的には、走行中に、右方に鉛直角が大きくなる挙動を抑制しようとする際には、車両の上方から見て時計回りに右前輪および左前輪を転舵させる(舵を右に切る)と、鉛直角を小さくする力を車両に作用させることができる。走行中に、左方に鉛直角が大きくなる挙動を抑制しようとする際には、車両の上方から見て反時計回りに右前輪および左前輪を転舵させる(舵を左に切る)と、鉛直角を小さくする力を車両に作用させることができる。
(1)車両であって、
右旋回時に前記車両の右方に傾斜し、左旋回時に前記車両の左方に傾斜する車体フレームと、
前記車体フレームの右方に設けられ前記車体フレームの上下方向に延びる右操舵軸線回りに転舵可能に設けられた右前輪と、
前記車体フレームの左方に設けられ前記車体フレームの上下方向に延びる左操舵軸線回りに転舵可能に設けられた左前輪と、
前記車体フレームに前後方向に延びるリンク軸線回りに回動可能に支持されて、前記車体フレームの傾斜に応じて前記車体フレームの上下方向における前記右前輪および前記左前輪の相対位置を変化させる、クロス部材を備えたリンク機構と、
操舵力入力部に入力されたライダーによる第一操舵力を前記右前輪および前記左前輪に伝達する操舵力伝達機構と、を有し、
前記操舵力伝達機構に第一アクチュエータにより第二操舵力を付与する操舵力付与装置(EPS)と、
前記リンク機構の前記クロス部材に前記車体フレームに対する回動力を第二アクチュエータにより付与する回動力付与装置(EPL)と、
鉛直角が大きくなる挙動を抑制するように前記第二操舵力と前記回動力の少なくとも一方を生じさせるように、少なくとも前記操舵力付与装置と前記回動力付与装置の一方を制御する制御部を備え、
前記制御部は、少なくとも車速と鉛直角とを含む物理量に応じて、前記第一アクチュエータの出力トルクの大きさを決定するEPS指令値と前記第二アクチュエータの出力トルクの大きさを決定するEPL指令値を決定し、
前記制御部は、前記鉛直角が0度以外の場合に、前記車速を除く前記物理量を一定としたときに前記車速の増加に連れて、前記EPL指令値bに対する前記EPS指令値aの比率a/bを増加させる、車両が提供される。
逆に、車速が比較的高速の場合には、EPSのみで鉛直角が大きくなる挙動を抑制しようとしても、ライダーに違和感を与えにくい。そこで、本実施形態においては、高速域においてはEPL指令値をそれほど大きな値に設定しない。この場合にはEPS指令値aとEPL指令値bの比率a/bは比較的大きくなる。
制御部がこのようにEPS指令値aとEPL指令値bを設定するため、制御部は、車速に応じて比率a/bを増加させる制御を行っている。
前記制御部は、前記比率a/bを前記車速の変化にともなって徐変するように制御してもよい。
前記制御部は、前記車速が少なくとも所定の範囲内のときに、前記車速の増加に応じて前記第一アクチュエータの出力を増加させてもよい。
前記車両は、走行中に、前記車体フレームが傾くときに前記操舵力入力部の舵角が増加あるいは減少するように変化しようとするものであってもよい。
前記制御部は、前記鉛直角に応じて前記第一アクチュエータの出力を決定してもよい。
前記物理量は、鉛直角速度と鉛直角加速度の少なくとも一方を含み、
前記制御部は、前記鉛直角速度と前記鉛直角加速度の少なくとも一方に応じて前記第一アクチュエータの出力を決定してもよい。
前記車両は、走行中に、前記車体フレームが右方に傾くときに前記操舵力入力部の舵角が前記車両の上方から見て時計回りに増加するように変化しようとし、前記車体フレームが左方に傾くときに前記操舵力入力部の舵角が前記車両の上方から見て反時計回りに増加するように変化しようとしてもよい。
本実施形態では、車両の一例として、二つの前輪と一つの後輪を有する車両を例示する。
図1は、車両1の全体を車両1の左方から見た側面図を示す。車両1の無負荷状態とは、ライダーが乗車せず、車両1に燃料を搭載していない状態における、前輪が転舵も傾斜もしていない直立状態を意味する。
図2および図3に示すように、車両1は、操舵力伝達機構6、リンク機構5、左緩衝装置33、右緩衝装置34、および左右一対の前輪3を有する。左緩衝装置33は、左前輪31および右前輪32を車体フレーム21に支持する。右緩衝装置34は、右前輪32を車体フレーム21に支持する。
図1に示したように、左前輪31は、左タイヤ31aと、左タイヤ31aを支持し左ブレーキディスク711と共に回転する左ホイール31bを含む。右前輪32は、右タイヤ32aと、右タイヤ32aを支持し右ブレーキディスク721と共に回転する右ホイール32bを含む。
本例では、平行四節リンク(パラレログラムリンクとも呼ぶ)方式のリンク機構5を採用している。
リンク機構5は、ハンドルバー23より下方に配置されている。リンク機構5は、車体フレーム21のヘッドパイプ211に連結されている。リンク機構5は、車両1の傾斜動作を行うための構成として、上クロス部材51、下クロス部材52、左サイド部材53および右サイド部材54を備えている。また、リンク機構5は、左サイド部材53の下部に接続されて左サイド部材53とともに傾斜する構成として、第1ブラケット317と左緩衝装置33を備えている。さらに、リンク機構5は、右サイド部材54の下部に接続されて右サイド部材54とともに傾斜する構成として、第2ブラケット327と右緩衝装置34を備えている。
上クロス部材51は、右サイド部材54の上部と右端部で車体フレーム21の前後方向に延びる上右軸線E回りに回動可能に連結され、左サイド部材53の上部と左端部で上右軸線Eに平行な上左軸線J回りに回動可能に連結され、中間部で車体フレーム21に上右軸線Eおよび上左軸線Jに平行な上中間軸線(リンク軸線の一例)C回りに回動可能に連結されている。
下クロス部材52は、右サイド部材54の下部と右端部で上右軸線Eに平行な下右軸線H回りに回動可能に連結され、左サイド部材53の下部と左端部で上左軸線Jに平行な下左軸線G回りに回動可能に連結され、中間部で車体フレーム21に上中間軸線Cと平行な下中間軸線K回りに回動可能に連結されている。
上クロス部材51の左端は、連結部によって左サイド部材53に連結されている。上クロス部材51は、略前後方向に延びる上左軸線J回りに左サイド部材53に対して回動可能である。上クロス部材51の右端は、連結部によって右サイド部材54に連結されている。上クロス部材51は、略前後方向に延びる上右軸線E回りに右サイド部材54に対して回動可能である。
図4は、車両1の操舵動作を説明するための図であり、車両1を転舵させた状態の車両1の前部の平面図である。
図4に示すように、ハンドルバー23が左右方向に回されると、操舵力伝達機構6が動作し、操舵動作が行われる。ハンドルバー23が回動されることでステアリングシャフト60が回動すると、ステアリングシャフト60の回動に伴って第1伝達プレート61が回動する。
例えば、ステアリングシャフト60が図4の矢印Tの方向に回動すると、第1伝達プレート61の回動に伴って、タイロッド67が左後方に移動する。このとき、第1伝達プレート61は第1ジョイント64の略上下方向の回動軸部材によって第1ジョイント64に対して回動し、タイロッド67は姿勢を維持しながら左後方に移動する。タイロッド67の左後方への移動に伴って、第2伝達プレート62および第3伝達プレート63は、それぞれ左サイド部材53および右サイド部材54回りに、矢印Tの方向に回動する。このとき、第2伝達プレート62は第2ジョイント65の上下方向に延びる回動軸部材回りに第2ジョイント65に対して回動し、第3伝達プレート63は第3ジョイント66の上下方向に延びる回動軸部材回りに第3ジョイント66に対して回動する。
図5は、車両1の傾斜動作を説明するための図であり、車両1を傾斜させた状態の車両1の前部の正面図である。
図5に示すように、リンク機構5の作動に伴い車両1は左右方向に傾斜する。リンク機構5の作動とは、リンク機構5における傾斜動作を行うための各部材(上クロス部材51、下クロス部材52、左サイド部材53および右サイド部材54)がそれぞれの連結点を軸として相対回動し、リンク機構5の形状が変化することを意味している。
本例のリンク機構5では、例えば、直立状態において正面視で略長方形状に配置された上クロス部材51、下クロス部材52、左サイド部材53および右サイド部材54が、車両1が傾斜した状態において略平行四辺形に変形している。リンク機構5は、上クロス部材51、下クロス部材52、左サイド部材53および右サイド部材54の相対的な回動動作に連動して傾斜動作を行うことで、左前輪31および右前輪32をそれぞれ傾斜させる。
図6は、車両1を転舵させかつ傾斜させた状態の車両1の前部の正面図である。
図6では、左方に操舵し、車両1の左方に傾斜した状態を示している。図6に示す動作時には、操舵動作により左前輪31および右前輪32の向きが変更され、傾斜動作により左前輪31および右前輪32が車体フレーム21とともに傾斜される。この状態では、リンク機構5の上クロス部材51、下クロス部材52、左サイド部材53および右サイド部材54が略平行四辺形に変形し、タイロッド67が左右何れかの操舵した方向(図6では左方)かつ後方に移動する。
本実施形態に係る車両1は、図1および図2に示すように、モータなどの第一アクチュエータ71によりステアリングシャフト60を回動可能な電動ステアリング機構(EPS:Electric Power Steering System、以降EPSと呼ぶ)70を備えている。EPS70は、ステアリングシャフト60に連結されたハンドルバー23(操舵力入力部の一例)に入力されるライダーの操舵力(第一操舵力の一例)をアシストする。
具体的には、走行中に、右方に鉛直角が大きくなる挙動を抑制しようとする際には、車両の上方から見て時計回りに右前輪32および左前輪31を転舵させる(舵を右に切る)と、車両1に鉛直角を小さくする力を作用させることができる。走行中に、左方に鉛直角が大きくなる挙動を抑制しようとする際には、車両の上方から見て反時計回りに右前輪32および左前輪31を転舵させる(舵を左に切る)と、車両1に鉛直角を小さくする力を作用させることができる。
図7に示したように、限界角度は車速に応じて決まる。車速が小さいほどこの限界角度は小さくなる。つまり、車速が小さい状況では、頻繁に鉛直角抑制機能を働かせたいため、上記違和感が生じる頻度が多くなる。
本実施形態に係る車両1は、図1および図2に示すように、モータなどの第二アクチュエータ91によりリンク機構5を作動させるEPL90を備えている。
EPL90の第二アクチュエータ91の一方は、車体フレーム21に固定されている。第二アクチュエータ91の一方に対して変位する他方は、上クロス部材51に固定されている。これにより、EPL90は、車体フレーム21に対して上クロス部材51を回動させたり、回動を停止させたりする力を作用させる。
操舵トルクセンサ82は、ハンドルバー23に入力される操舵力に応じた電気信号を制御部80に送信する。制御部80が操舵トルクセンサ82の出力を時間微分することにより、制御部80は操舵トルクの微分値を算出することができる。
EPS70は、第一コントローラ72と、第一アクチュエータ71を備えている。第一コントローラ72は、EPS指令値aに応じた出力トルクが得られるように、電流を第一アクチュエータ71に供給する。
EPL90は、第二コントローラ92と、第二アクチュエータ91を備えている。第二コントローラ92は、EPL指令値bに応じた出力トルクが得られるように、電流を第二アクチュエータ91に供給する。
本実施形態において、制御部80は、EPS指令値aおよびEPL指令値bを次のようにして決定している。
図9は、EPS70の制御の一例を示す模式図である。図9に示すように、制御部80はEPS指令値を以下の(a)~(g)を基にして決定することができる。
また、制御部80は、車速が通常速度領域の範囲内において、車速の増加につれて比率a/bを増加させる。通常速度領域とは、例えば、時速0km/h以上200km/h以下とすることができる。
ここで、第一動力伝達機構とは例えば、第一アクチュエータ71の出力軸とステアリングシャフト60との間で、第一アクチュエータ71の出力トルクを伝達する機構である。第二動力伝達機構とは例えば、第二アクチュエータ91の出力軸と上クロス部材51との間で、第二アクチュエータ91の出力トルクを伝達する機構である。
本実施形態においては、第一動力伝達機構は第二動力伝達機構とは部品を共有していないので、第一アクチュエータ71によって第二アクチュエータ91とは無関係に鉛直角を変化させることができ、第二アクチュエータ91によって第一アクチュエータ71とは無関係に鉛直角を変化させることができる。
逆に、車速が比較的高速の場合には、EPS70を使って鉛直角を制御することが好ましい。そこで、本実施形態においては、高速域においてはEPL指令値をそれほど大きな値に設定しない。この場合にはEPS指令値aとEPL指令値bの比率a/bは比較的大きくなる。
制御部80がこのようにEPS指令値aとEPL指令値bを設定するため、制御部80は、車速に応じて比率a/bを増加させる制御を行っている。
・制御部80は、比率a/bを、少なくとも車速や鉛直角などの物理量に応じて決定する。制御部80は、車速や鉛直角の他に操舵トルク、などの物理量に応じて比率a/bを決定してもよい。また、上述では説明しなかったが、車両1の加速度などに応じてEPS指令値aやEPS指令値b、あるいはその比率a/bを設定してもよい。
・制御部80は、車速以外の物理量が一定のときに、車速が大きいほど比率a/bを大きくする。
例えば、鉛直角が10度で車速が10km/hの状態と、鉛直角が10度で車速が15km/hの状態では、制御部80は、後者の状態において比率a/bを大きく設定する。
しかしながら、鉛直角が10度で車速が10km/hの状態と、鉛直角が15度で車速が15km/hの状態では、車速以外の物理量が一定ではない。このため、制御部80は、後者の状態において前者の状態より比率a/bを大きく設定してもよいし、前者の状態において後者の状態より比率a/bを大きく設定してもよいし、両者の状態において比率a/bを同一の値に設定してもよい。
なお、指令値a,bとは、第一アクチュエータ71や第二アクチュエータ91へ供給する電力の電流値としてもよいしデューティー比としてもよい。
車速に応じた第一アクチュエータ71の出力トルクと第二アクチュエータ91の出力トルクの比率の変化が穏やかなので、ライダーに違和感を与えにくい。なお、本発明は、(2)の構成とは異なり、車速の増大に連れて、ステップ状に比率a/bを大きくするように設定してもよい。
例えば、制御部80は、車速の増大に連れて比率a/bが特定の勾配で増加するように設定してもよい。あるいは、制御部80は、車速が0km/hから車両の最高速度との間で、比率a/bが少なくとも2つ以上の値にステップ状に変化するように設定してもよい。あるいは、制御部80は、車速が0km/hから車両の最高速度との間で、比率a/bが2つ以上の特定の勾配で増加するように設定してもよい。
制御部80は、高速域において鉛直角の増大に応じて第一アクチュエータ71の出力トルクを増大させてもよい。この場合、制御部80は、車速の増大に連れて比率a/bを増加させつつ、鉛直角の増大に応じて第二アクチュエータ91の出力トルクを増大させてもよいし、減少させてもよいし、変化させなくてもよい。
また、制御部80は、低速域において鉛直角の増大に応じて第二アクチュエータ91の出力トルクを増大させてもよい。この場合、制御部80は、車速の増大に連れて比率a/bを増加させつつ、鉛直角の増大に応じて第一アクチュエータ71の出力トルクを増大させてもよいし、減少させてもよいし、変化させなくてもよい。
なお、EPS70に出力トルクの上限がある場合には、車速が十分に大きくなると、EPS指令値の値は車速の増加に応じて大きく設定できないことがある。
なお、上述の実施形態においては、パラレログラム式のリンク機構5が搭載された車両1を説明したが、本発明はこの例に限られない。本発明は、ダブルウィッシュボーン式のリンク機構、リーディングアーム式のリンク機構などが搭載された車両へも適用できる。
なお、本発明および上記実施形態における鋭角とは、0°を含み90°より小さい角度とする。本来、鋭角は、0°を含まないが、本発明および上記実施形態においては、鋭角は0°を含むものとする。また、上記実施例では、クロス部材の上軸線および下軸線と垂直に交わる仮想平面は、後方かつ上方に延びる平面である。しかしながら、これに限定されることなく、クロス部材の上軸線および下軸線と垂直に交わる仮想平面が、前方かつ上方に延びる平面であっても良い。
本明細書において、「平行」は、±40°の範囲で傾斜し、部材として交わらない2つの直線も含む。本発明において、「方向」および「部材」等に対して「沿う」は、±40°の範囲で傾斜する場合も含む。本発明において、「方向」に対して「延びる」は、±40°の範囲で傾斜する場合も含む。
本実施形態に係る車両1は、車体フレームを覆う車体カバーを備えていても良い。車体フレームを覆う車体カバーを備えていなくても良い。パワーユニットは、動力源を含む。動力源は、エンジンに限らず電動モータであっても良い。
上記各実施形態においては、車体フレーム21の側面視で、右サイド部材54、左サイド部材53およびヘッドパイプ211は、重なる位置に設けられている。しかしながら、車体フレーム21の側面視で、右サイド部材54と左サイド部材53に対しヘッドパイプ211が前後方向の異なる位置に設けられていてもよい。また、右サイド部材54と左サイド部材53の車体フレーム21の上下方向に対する傾斜角度が、ヘッドパイプ211の傾斜角度と異なっていてもよい。
なお、リンク機構を支持するヘッドパイプは、一片の部品で構成されていても、複数の部品で構成されていても良い。複数の部品で構成されている場合、溶接、接着などにより結合されていても、ボルト、リベットなどの締結部材で結合されていても良い。
本実施形態では、ステアリングシャフト60を回動可能に支持する車体フレーム21の一部位としてヘッドパイプ211を説明したが、本発明はこれに限られない。車体フレームは、ステアリングシャフト652を回動可能に支持するヘッドパイプの他に、上クロス部材および下クロス部材を回動可能に支持するリンク支持部を別途備えていてもよい。
また、本実施形態では、上端にハンドルバーが取り付けられ、下端にタイロッドが連結された一本のステアリングシャフトを説明したが、本発明はこれに限られない。車両は、第一ステアリングシャフトと、第一ステアリングシャフトの回動に応じて回動する第一ステアリングシャフトとは別部品の第二ステアリングシャフトを有してもよい。この場合、第一ステアリングシャフトにハンドルバーを取り付け、第二ステアリングシャフトにタイロッドを取り付けるように構成してもよい。
本実施例において、車体フレームは、ヘッドパイプなどのリンクを支持するリンク支持部と連結部材(上前後フレーム部)とダウンフレーム(上下フレーム部)とアンダーフレーム(下前後フレーム部)を有し、それらが溶接により接続されている。しかしながら、本発明の車体フレームは上記実施形態に限定されない。車体フレームは、リンク支持部と上前後フレーム部と上下フレーム部と下前後フレーム部を有していればよい。例えば、車体フレームは、鋳造等により全部または一部が一体に形成されていてもよい。また、車体フレームは、上前後フレーム部と上下フレーム部が1つの部材で構成されていてもよいし、別部材で構成されていてもよい。
本実施形態において、ステアリングシャフトの回動軸線と車体フレームの上下方向のなす鋭角は、右緩衝装置および左緩衝装置の伸縮方向と車体フレームの上下方向とがなす鋭角は一致している。しかしながら、本発明においては、上記実施形態に限定されない。例えば、ステアリングシャフトの中間操舵軸線Y3と車体フレームの上下方向のなす鋭角は、右緩衝装置および左緩衝装置の伸縮方向と車体フレームの上下方向とがなす鋭角よりも小さくても良いし、大きくてもよい。
なお、上クロス部材は、一片の部品で構成される上前クロス部材、一片の部品で構成される上後クロス部材、およびそれらの間に設けられ、複数の部品で構成される連結部材を含んでいても良い。複数の部品で構成されている場合、溶接、接着などにより結合されていても、ボルト、リベットなどの締結部材で結合されていても良い。
2 車両本体部
3 前輪
4 後輪
5 リンク機構
6 操舵力伝達機構
21 車体フレーム
22 車体カバー
23 ハンドルバー
31 左前輪
32 右前輪
33 左緩衝装置
34 右緩衝装置
51 上クロス部材
52 下クロス部材
53 左サイド部材
54 右サイド部材
60 ステアリングシャフト
61 第1伝達プレート
62 第2伝達プレート
63 第3伝達プレート
64 第1ジョイント
65 第2ジョイント
66 第3ジョイント
67 タイロッド
70 EPS
80 制御部
81 操舵角センサ
82 操舵トルクセンサ
83 左車輪速センサ
84 右車輪速センサ
85 鉛直角センサ
86 対地角センサ
90 EPL
91 第二アクチュエータ
92 第二コントローラ
211 ヘッドパイプ
212 ダウンフレーム
213 リアフレーム
214 アンダーフレーム
221 フロントカバー
223 フロントフェンダー
224 リアフェンダー
225 レッグシールド
226 センターカバー
227 第1フロントフェンダー
228 第2フロントフェンダー
314 左車軸部材
317 第1ブラケット
324 右車軸部材
327 第2ブラケット
331 左後テレスコピック要素
332 左前テレスコピック要素
341 右後テレスコピック要素
342 右前テレスコピック要素
711 左ブレーキディスク
721 右ブレーキディスク
C 上中間軸線
E 上右軸線
J 上左軸線
K 下中間軸線
G 下左軸線
H 下右軸線
Y1 左操舵軸線
Y2 右操舵軸線
Y3 中間操舵軸線
Claims (7)
- 車両であって、
右旋回時に前記車両の右方に傾斜し、左旋回時に前記車両の左方に傾斜する車体フレームと、
前記車体フレームの右方に設けられ前記車体フレームの上下方向に延びる右操舵軸線回りに転舵可能に設けられた右前輪と、
前記車体フレームの左方に設けられ前記車体フレームの上下方向に延びる左操舵軸線回りに転舵可能に設けられた左前輪と、
前記車体フレームに前後方向に延びるリンク軸線回りに回動可能に支持されて、前記車体フレームの傾斜に応じて前記車体フレームの上下方向における前記右前輪および前記左前輪の相対位置を変化させる、クロス部材を備えたリンク機構と、
操舵力入力部に入力されたライダーによる第一操舵力を前記右前輪および前記左前輪に伝達する操舵力伝達機構と、を有し、
前記操舵力伝達機構に第一アクチュエータにより第二操舵力を付与する操舵力付与装置(EPS:Electric Power Steering System)と、
前記リンク機構の前記クロス部材に前記車体フレームに対する回動力を第二アクチュエータにより付与する回動力付与装置(EPL:Electric Power Leaning System)と、
鉛直角が大きくなる挙動を抑制するように前記第二操舵力と前記回動力の少なくとも一方を生じさせるように、少なくとも前記操舵力付与装置と前記回動力付与装置の一方を制御する制御部を備え、
前記制御部は、少なくとも車速と鉛直角とを含む物理量に応じて、前記第一アクチュエータの出力トルクの大きさを決定するEPS指令値と前記第二アクチュエータの出力トルクの大きさを決定するEPL指令値を決定し、
前記制御部は、前記鉛直角が0度以外の場合に、前記車速を除く前記物理量を一定としたときに前記車速の増加に連れて、前記EPL指令値bに対する前記EPS指令値aの比率a/bを増加させる、車両。 - 前記制御部は、
前記比率a/bを前記車速の変化にともなって徐変するように制御する、請求項1に記載の車両。 - 前記制御部は、前記車速が少なくとも所定の範囲内のときに、前記車速の増加に応じて前記第一アクチュエータの出力を増加させる、請求項1または2に記載の車両。
- 前記車両は、走行中に、前記車体フレームが傾くときに前記操舵力入力部の舵角が増加あるいは減少するように変化しようとする、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の車両。
- 前記制御部は、前記鉛直角に応じて前記第一アクチュエータの出力を決定する、請求項1または4に記載の車両。
- 前記物理量は、鉛直角速度と鉛直角加速度の少なくとも一方を含み、
前記制御部は、前記鉛直角速度と前記鉛直角加速度の少なくとも一方に応じて前記第一アクチュエータの出力を決定する、請求項4または5に記載の車両。 - 前記車両は、走行中に、前記車体フレームが右方に傾くときに前記操舵力入力部の舵角が前記車両の上方から見て時計回りに増加するように変化しようとし、前記車体フレームが左方に傾くときに前記操舵力入力部の舵角が前記車両の上方から見て反時計回りに増加するように変化しようとする、請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の車両。
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JP6646682B2 (ja) | 2020-02-14 |
US11014600B2 (en) | 2021-05-25 |
EP3378747A1 (en) | 2018-09-26 |
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US20180265117A1 (en) | 2018-09-20 |
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JP6408168B2 (ja) | 2018-10-17 |
EP3363723A1 (en) | 2018-08-22 |
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JPWO2017086403A1 (ja) | 2018-04-26 |
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CA3005812A1 (en) | 2017-05-26 |
US10625771B2 (en) | 2020-04-21 |
EP3363723A4 (en) | 2018-12-05 |
US20180265156A1 (en) | 2018-09-20 |
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EP3378747A4 (en) | 2019-01-16 |
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