WO2017030190A1 - 積層基材およびその成形体の製造方法 - Google Patents
積層基材およびその成形体の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017030190A1 WO2017030190A1 PCT/JP2016/074239 JP2016074239W WO2017030190A1 WO 2017030190 A1 WO2017030190 A1 WO 2017030190A1 JP 2016074239 W JP2016074239 W JP 2016074239W WO 2017030190 A1 WO2017030190 A1 WO 2017030190A1
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2457/00—Electrical equipment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2605/00—Vehicles
- B32B2605/08—Cars
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2605/00—Vehicles
- B32B2605/10—Trains
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2605/00—Vehicles
- B32B2605/18—Aircraft
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
- B32B27/322—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins comprising halogenated polyolefins, e.g. PTFE
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a molded body made of a fiber-reinforced composite material and a laminated substrate used in the production method.
- Molded bodies made of fiber reinforced composite materials are used in a wide range of applications such as transportation equipment (vehicles (automobiles, railway vehicles, etc.), aircrafts, etc.), building components, electronic equipment, and the like. Accordingly, it has been desired that a complicated shape such as a concavo-convex shape or a deep-drawn shape can be applied to a molding material for producing a molded body made of a fiber-reinforced composite material.
- a complicated shape such as a concavo-convex shape or a deep-drawn shape
- thermosetting resin For example, after placing a molding material consisting of a prepreg in which a reinforcing fiber sheet consisting of reinforcing fibers of long fibers is impregnated with a thermosetting resin between a pair of molds having a complicated shape, the molding material is heated. The molded body is produced by pressure molding and curing the thermosetting resin.
- the reinforcing fiber sheet in the prepreg is difficult to follow the shape of the mold, in the obtained molded body, the reinforcing fiber is disturbed in the corner portion of the complicated shape, or the matrix resin having no reinforcing fiber is present. A puddle occurs. As a result, the mechanical strength of the molded body may be insufficient at the corner portion.
- a molding material in which a thermoplastic resin sheet is disposed on one side of a prepreg (Patent Document 1).
- a molding material in which a thermoplastic resin sheet is disposed between prepregs Patent Document 2.
- the molding materials (1) and (2) contain the thermoplastic resin derived from the thermoplastic resin sheet as a part of the matrix resin, there is a problem that the flame retardancy, chemical resistance, etc. are insufficient.
- the present invention relates to a method capable of producing a molded body made of a fiber-reinforced composite material having excellent flame retardancy and chemical resistance and capable of applying a complicated shape; and a laminated substrate which is a molding material used in the production method I will provide a.
- the present invention has the following aspects. ⁇ 1> A laminated substrate having at least one prepreg layer containing a reinforcing fiber sheet and a resin matrix and at least one polymer layer containing a fluoropolymer, wherein the prepreg layer and the polymer layer There is at least one interface in contact with the substrate, and an adhesive functional group is present on the surface of the polymer layer at the interface.
- the fluorine-containing polymer having an adhesive functional group contains at least one functional group selected from the group consisting of a carbonyl group-containing group, a hydroxy group, an epoxy group, an amide group, an amino group, and an isocyanate group.
- laminated substrate, which is a fluoropolymer which is a fluoropolymer.
- the polymer layer is made of a fluoropolymer film having an adhesive functional group introduced on the surface thereof.
- the laminated substrate further includes at least one metal layer, and there is at least one interface between the metal layer and the polymer layer, and the metal layer and the polymer layer are in contact with each other.
- ⁇ 7> The laminated substrate according to ⁇ 6>, wherein at least one surface of the laminated substrate is composed of a metal layer.
- ⁇ 8> The laminated base material according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 7>, wherein the fluoropolymer has a melting point, and the melting point is 100 to 325 ° C.
- ⁇ 9> The laminated substrate according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 8>, wherein the polymer layer has a thickness of 10 ⁇ m or more.
- the resin matrix is a resin matrix containing an uncured curable resin.
- the resin matrix is a resin matrix containing a thermoplastic resin.
- ⁇ 12> A method for producing a molded body, wherein the laminated base material according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 11> is molded while being heated.
- the laminated substrate has a polymer layer containing a fluoropolymer having an adhesive functional group, the molding temperature is a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of the fluoropolymer, and the resin matrix is uncured.
- the manufacturing method of ⁇ 12> which is more than the curing temperature of this curable resin when it contains curable resin.
- the laminated base material has a polymer layer made of a fluoropolymer film having an adhesive functional group introduced on the surface thereof, the molding temperature is a temperature lower than the melting point of the fluoropolymer, and ⁇ 12>
- the method for producing a molded body of the present invention it is possible to manufacture a molded body made of a fiber-reinforced composite material that is excellent in flame retardancy and chemical resistance and can be applied to a complicated shape.
- the laminated base material of the present invention by using this to produce a molded product, it is possible to produce a molded product that is excellent in flame retardancy and chemical resistance and can be applied to complex shapes.
- the meanings of the following terms in this specification are as follows.
- the “melting point” means a temperature corresponding to the maximum value of the melting peak measured by the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) method.
- “Melt moldable” means exhibiting melt fluidity.
- “Showing melt flowability” means that there is a temperature at which the melt flow rate is 0.1 to 1000 g / 10 minutes at a temperature higher than the melting point of the resin by 20 ° C. or more under the condition of a load of 49 N. .
- the “melt flow rate” means a melt mass flow rate (MFR) defined in JIS K 7210: 1999 (ISO 1133: 1997).
- a relatively thin one of the planar bodies is referred to as a “film”, and a relatively thick one is referred to as a “sheet”.
- the thickness thereof is not limited, and the “film” may be a planar body having a thickness that can be referred to as a sheet, and the “sheet” has a thickness that can be referred to as a film. It may be.
- the “acid anhydride group” means a group represented by —C ( ⁇ O) —O—C ( ⁇ O) —.
- the “unit” means a portion derived from a monomer formed by polymerization of the monomer. The unit may be a unit directly formed by a polymerization reaction, or may be a unit in which a part of the unit is converted into another structure by treating the polymer.
- the laminated base material of the present invention is used in the method for producing a molded body of the present invention described later.
- the laminated substrate of the present invention has at least one prepreg layer containing a reinforcing fiber sheet and a resin matrix, and at least one polymer layer containing a fluoropolymer. Furthermore, there is at least one interface where the prepreg layer and the polymer layer are in contact with each other, and an adhesive functional group is present on the surface of the polymer layer at the interface. The adhesive functional group on the surface of the polymer layer at the interface will be described later.
- the laminated substrate of the present invention may further have at least one metal layer, in which case there is at least one interface between the metal layer and the polymer layer, and the metal layer and the polymer layer
- the adhesive functional group is present on the surface of the polymer layer at the interface where the contacts.
- the laminated substrate having an interface where the fiber reinforced resin layer derived from the prepreg layer and the polymer layer are in contact with each other, and further having a metal layer Has an interface between the metal layer and the polymer layer.
- the physical properties such as the adhesive strength at these interfaces are brought about by the presence of adhesive functional groups at the interfaces in the laminated substrate.
- the physical properties of the interface such as adhesive strength mean the physical properties of the interface in the molded body unless otherwise specified.
- the laminated base material of the present invention is preferably one obtained by laminating one or more prepreg sheets serving as a prepreg layer and one or more fluoropolymer films serving as polymer layers.
- the laminated base material having a metal layer is preferably produced by further laminating one or more metal films.
- the formation of the layer in the laminated substrate is not limited to the use of a film or sheet.
- a layer made of a fluoropolymer powder can be formed on the surface of a prepreg sheet or a metal film to form a layer made of the fluoropolymer powder.
- the fluoropolymer powder layer may be a polymer layer in the laminated base material, and can be melted to form a homogeneous polymer layer when the laminated base material is molded. Moreover, it can also be set as the laminated base material which has a homogeneous polymer layer by melting a fluoropolymer powder layer at the time of laminated base material manufacture.
- a coating liquid containing a fluoropolymer can be applied to the surface of a prepreg sheet or metal film to form a coating film, and the solvent can be removed from the coating film to form a polymer layer.
- a reinforcing fiber sheet can be stacked on a fluoropolymer film, and the reinforcing fiber sheet can be impregnated with a matrix resin to form a prepreg layer.
- Each layer in the laminated base material of the present invention may or may not be adhered with a certain degree of adhesive strength.
- the laminated base material to which each layer is bonded is manufactured by bonding the constituent materials (film, sheet, etc.) of each layer by heating or pressing. However, when the resin matrix is made of a curable resin, the curable resin is not cured at this time. When a film or sheet is used as a constituent material of each layer, it is preferable to bond the constituent materials by heating or pressurizing a stack of constituent materials between molds.
- a laminated base material to which the layers are not bonded can be obtained by simply stacking the constituent materials, and such a laminated base material can be used for molding as it is. Furthermore, when forming a laminated base material, the constituent materials can be stacked just before the forming to form a laminated base material.
- the number of the prepreg layers and the polymer layers in the laminated base material of the present invention may be one or more, and may be appropriately set according to the characteristics required for the molded body. What is necessary is just to set suitably the lamination
- a preferred laminated substrate of the present invention is a laminated substrate having at least one surface as a polymer layer, and when having a metal layer, it is a laminated substrate having at least one surface as a metal layer.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the laminated base material of the present invention.
- the laminated substrate 10 a has a prepreg layer 12 and a polymer layer 14 adjacent to the prepreg layer 12.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing another example of the laminated base material of the present invention.
- the laminated base material 10 b has two prepreg layers 12 and a polymer layer 14 disposed between the prepreg layers 12.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing another example of the laminated base material of the present invention.
- the laminated base material 10 c has four prepreg layers 12 and three polymer layers 14 arranged alternately between the prepreg layers 12.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing another example of the laminated base material of the present invention.
- the laminated substrate 10 d has a prepreg layer 12, a polymer layer 14 adjacent to the prepreg layer 12, and a metal layer 16 adjacent to the polymer layer 14 and not adjacent to the prepreg layer 12.
- the prepreg layer is a layer made of prepreg.
- the thickness of one prepreg layer is usually 1 to 1000 ⁇ m, preferably 10 to 500 ⁇ m.
- the prepreg layer is preferably a layer composed of a prepreg sheet including a reinforcing fiber sheet and a resin matrix.
- One prepreg layer may be a layer composed of one prepreg sheet, or may be a layer composed of a plurality of prepreg sheets.
- the prepreg sheet is manufactured by a known method.
- the reinforcing fiber sheet includes a reinforcing fiber bundle composed of a plurality of reinforcing fibers, a cloth formed by weaving the reinforcing fiber bundle, a unidirectional reinforcing fiber bundle in which a plurality of reinforcing fibers are aligned in one direction, and the unidirectional reinforcement. Examples thereof include a unidirectional cloth composed of fiber bundles, a combination thereof, and a stack of a plurality of reinforcing fiber bundles.
- the reinforcing fiber a continuous long fiber having a length of 10 mm or more is preferable.
- the reinforcing fibers do not need to be continuous over the entire length in the length direction or the entire width in the width direction of the reinforcing fiber sheet, and may be divided in the middle.
- Examples of reinforcing fibers include inorganic fibers, metal fibers, and organic fibers.
- Examples of the inorganic fiber include carbon fiber, graphite fiber, glass fiber, silicon carbide fiber, silicon nitride fiber, alumina fiber, silicon carbide fiber, and boron fiber.
- Examples of the metal fiber include aluminum fiber, brass fiber, and stainless steel fiber.
- Examples of the organic fiber include aromatic polyamide fiber, polyaramid fiber, polyparaphenylene benzoxazole (PBO) fiber, polyphenylene sulfide fiber, polyester fiber, acrylic fiber, nylon fiber, polyethylene fiber, and the like.
- the reinforcing fiber may be subjected to a surface treatment.
- Reinforcing fibers may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- carbon fiber is preferable from the viewpoint of low specific gravity, high strength, and high elastic modulus.
- Matrix resin examples of the resin constituting the resin matrix include curable resins (thermosetting resins, photocurable resins, etc.), thermoplastic resins, and the like.
- the resin is preferably a curable resin from the viewpoint of adhesion between the polymer layer in the molded body and the fiber reinforced resin layer derived from the prepreg layer, and from the viewpoint of the productivity of the molded body, a thermosetting resin is particularly preferable. preferable.
- the thermosetting resin includes a crosslinkable resin and a thermal polymerization initiator.
- the thermosetting resin may contain other resins and additives as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- the crosslinkable resin include epoxy resins, unsaturated polyester resins, vinyl ester resins, phenol resins, urea / melamine resins, polyimides, bismaleimide resins, and cyanate ester resins.
- a well-known thing is mentioned as a thermal-polymerization initiator.
- the photocurable resin contains a crosslinkable resin and a photopolymerization initiator.
- the photocurable resin may contain other resins, additives and the like as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- Examples of the crosslinked resin include a vinyl ester resin, an unsaturated polyester resin, an epoxy resin, a spiro ortho carbonate resin, and an oxetane resin.
- Examples of the photopolymerization initiator include known ones.
- the thermoplastic resin may contain other resins and additives as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- the thermoplastic resin include a crystalline resin, an amorphous resin, a thermoplastic elastomer, and the like.
- crystalline resins include polyester resins (polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), liquid crystal polyester, etc.), polyolefin resins (polyethylene (PE ), Polypropylene (PP), polybutylene, acid-modified polyethylene (m-PE), acid-modified polypropylene (m-PP), acid-modified polybutylene, etc.), polyoxymethylene (POM), polyamide (PA), polyarylene sulfide resin ( Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), etc.), polyketone (PK), polyetherketone (PEK), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyetherket
- amorphous resins examples include styrene resins (polystyrene (PS), acrylonitrile styrene (AS), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), etc.), polycarbonate (PC), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), Unmodified or modified polyphenylene ether (PPE), polyimide (PI), polyamideimide (PAI), polyetherimide (PEI), polysulfone (PSU), polyethersulfone, polyarylate (PAR), phenoxy resin, etc. Can be mentioned.
- PS polystyrene
- AS acrylonitrile styrene
- ABS acrylonitrile butadiene styrene
- PPE polycarbonate
- PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
- PVC polyvinyl chloride
- PPE Unmodified or modified polyphenylene ether
- PPE polyimide
- PAI
- thermoplastic elastomer examples include polystyrene elastomers, polyolefin elastomers, polyurethane elastomers, polyester elastomers, polyamide elastomers, polybutadiene elastomers, polyisoprene elastomers, and acrylonitrile elastomers.
- the thermoplastic resin may be a fluoropolymer, but a thermoplastic resin other than the fluoropolymer is preferred.
- the thermoplastic resin may be a blend resin of a thermoplastic resin other than the fluorine-containing polymer and the fluorine-containing polymer. In this case, the proportion of the fluoropolymer in the blend resin is preferably less than 50% by mass, more preferably less than 20% by mass.
- the polymer layer is a layer containing a fluoropolymer.
- the thickness of one polymer layer is usually 1 to 1000 ⁇ m, preferably 5 to 500 ⁇ m, and preferably 10 ⁇ m or more from the viewpoint of imparting chemical resistance and flame retardancy. Of these, 10 to 500 ⁇ m is preferable, and 10 to 300 ⁇ m is more preferable.
- the fluorine-containing polymer may be a fluorine-containing polymer having a melting point, or may be a fluorine-containing polymer having no melting point (for example, a fluorine-containing elastomer).
- the polymer layer is preferably a layer made of a fluoropolymer film from the viewpoint of the productivity of the laminated substrate, the handleability of the laminated substrate, and the like.
- one polymer layer may be a layer made of a single fluoropolymer film, or may be a layer made of a plurality of fluoropolymer films.
- the polymer layer may also be a homogeneous layer formed from the fluorine-containing polymer powder as described above or a layer made of the fluorine-containing polymer powder, and is formed from a coating composition containing the fluorine-containing polymer. It may be a layer formed.
- the polymer layer may be a fabric (woven fabric, nonwoven fabric, etc.) using fibers made of a fluoropolymer.
- At least one of the polymer layers has at least one surface in contact with the prepreg layer, and an adhesive functional group exists on the surface in contact with the prepreg layer.
- at least one of the polymer layers further has at least one surface in contact with the metal layer, and an adhesive functional group is present on the surface in contact with the metal layer.
- the polymer layer having an adhesive functional group on the surface is composed of a fluoropolymer having an adhesive functional group or a fluoropolymer film having an adhesive functional group introduced on the film surface.
- the film into which the adhesive functional group has been introduced is preferably a film obtained by introducing an adhesive functional group into the surface of a fluoropolymer film having no adhesive functional group.
- Fluoropolymer film The film of the fluoropolymer is preferably a film obtained by molding a molding material containing a melt-polymerizable fluoropolymer into a film.
- the fluorine-containing polymer in the film includes a fluorine-containing polymer having an adhesive functional group and a fluorine-containing polymer having no adhesive functional group.
- the constituent material of the film may contain an additive, a resin other than the fluoropolymer, and the like as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- the content of the fluoropolymer in the film is preferably 50% by mass or more and more preferably 80% by mass or more based on the total constituent materials of the film from the viewpoint of adhesiveness at the interface.
- the upper limit of the content of the fluoropolymer is not particularly limited, and may be 100% by mass.
- the thickness of the film is usually 1 to 1000 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the film is preferably 10 to 500 ⁇ m, particularly preferably 10 to 200 ⁇ m.
- the film is preferably produced from a molding material containing a fluoropolymer by a known molding method (such as an extrusion molding method or an inflation molding method).
- Fluoropolymer film with adhesive functional groups introduced on the surface By the surface treatment of the fluoropolymer film, an adhesive functional group can be introduced on the film surface.
- the surface into which the adhesive functional group has been introduced is one or both sides of the film that serves as an interface with the prepreg layer or the metal layer.
- An adhesive functional group may also be introduced into a surface that does not serve as an interface with the prepreg layer or the metal layer. Examples of the surface treatment include corona discharge treatment, plasma treatment (excluding corona discharge treatment), plasma graft polymerization treatment, wet etching treatment using metallic sodium, and the like.
- a corona discharge treatment, a plasma treatment or a plasma graft polymerization treatment, and a plasma treatment and a plasma graft polymerization treatment are particularly preferred because the effect of improving the adhesion of the film surface is even higher.
- plasma treatment is preferable because of the large amount of adhesive functional groups introduced.
- plasma treatment is preferable as the surface treatment.
- oxygen radicals and ozone are generated by setting the environment during discharge in the presence of oxygen, and carbonyl group-containing groups can be efficiently introduced onto the film surface.
- a known processing system can be applied as the plasma processing apparatus.
- a system employing a capacitive coupling electrode system, a corona discharge electrode-plasma jet system, or the like has been proposed.
- the capacitively coupled electrode system at least one of a pair of electrodes is covered with a dielectric plate, and plasma is formed by applying a high voltage such as a pulse between electrodes filled with a rare gas or the like.
- the film surface is processed by passing the film conveyed by the roll through the plasma.
- the film passes near one electrode or near the center between the electrodes, and basically both sides of the film are processed.
- This type of configuration has been known for a relatively long time, and has been applied to surface treatment of various resin films. Since the distance between the electrodes needs to be several centimeters or less, it is difficult to process a three-dimensional object or a large object, but a relatively large area can be processed with a shape like a film.
- the surface of the object to be processed made of those materials is often made hydrophilic and adhesion is improved. .
- the reason is as follows.
- high-energy electrons about 1 to 10 eV
- the main chain and side chain of the surface material bond in the case of metal, the oxide layer or oil film on the surface
- atmospheric gas molecules such as air and moisture also dissociate into radicals.
- hydrophilic functional groups such as hydroxy groups, carbonyl groups, and carboxy groups are formed on the surface of the object to be processed.
- the free energy of the surface of the object to be processed is increased, and adhesion / joining with other surfaces is facilitated.
- a basic functional group such as an amide group or amino group introduced on the film surface to the film surface
- strong adhesiveness may be expressed at the interface.
- a surface treatment that can introduce a wide variety of adhesive functional groups, including basic functional groups, onto the film surface there is a monomer in the plasma treatment system that has an adhesive functional group and an unsaturated double bond for the purpose of introduction.
- surface treatment is known in which the monomer is graft-polymerized using radical species generated on the film surface by irradiation with high energy rays as a trigger for initiation of polymerization.
- plasma graft polymerization treatment is preferable because the amount of adhesive functional groups introduced and the control range of the type are widened by a combination of plasma treatment and graft polymerization.
- the monomer used for the plasma graft polymerization treatment include acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylamide, allylamine, and glycidyl methacrylate.
- an adhesive functional group such as a carboxy group, an amide group, an amino group, or an epoxy group can be introduced on the film surface.
- Fluoropolymer film having an adhesive functional group As the film of the fluoropolymer having an adhesive functional group, a film produced by forming a fluoropolymer having an adhesive functional group into a film is preferable.
- the adhesive functional group in the fluorine-containing polymer having an adhesive functional group is preferably a functional group selected from the group consisting of a carbonyl group-containing group, a hydroxy group, an epoxy group, an amide group, an amino group, and an isocyanate group.
- the adhesive functional group is preferably present as either one or both of the end group of the main chain and the pendant group of the main chain from the viewpoint of adhesiveness at the interface.
- the adhesive functional group in the fluoropolymer may be one kind or two or more kinds.
- the adhesive functional group in the fluoropolymer is preferably a carbonyl group-containing group from the viewpoint of adhesiveness at the interface. Examples of the carbonyl group-containing group include a group having a carbonyl group between carbon atoms of a hydrocarbon group, a carbonate group, a carboxy group, a haloformyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, an acid anhydride group, and the like.
- Examples of the hydrocarbon group in the group having a carbonyl group between carbon atoms of the hydrocarbon group include alkylene groups having 2 to 8 carbon atoms. In addition, carbon number of this alkylene group is carbon number which does not contain the carbon atom of a carbonyl group.
- the alkylene group may be linear or branched.
- the haloformyl group is represented by —C ( ⁇ O) —X (where X is a halogen atom). Examples of the halogen atom in the haloformyl group include a fluorine atom and a chlorine atom, and a fluorine atom is preferable.
- the haloformyl group is preferably a fluoroformyl group (also referred to as a carbonyl fluoride group).
- the alkoxy group in the alkoxycarbonyl group may be linear or branched and is preferably an alkoxy group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, particularly preferably a methoxy group or an ethoxy group.
- the content of the adhesive functional group in the fluoropolymer is preferably 10 to 60000, more preferably 100 to 50000, and more preferably 100 to 10000 with respect to 1 ⁇ 10 6 main chain carbon atoms of the fluoropolymer. Is more preferable, and 300 to 5000 is particularly preferable.
- the content of the adhesive functional group is not less than the lower limit of the above range, the adhesiveness at the interface is further improved. If the content of the adhesive functional group is not more than the upper limit of the above range, the adhesiveness at the interface is excellent even if the temperature at the time of forming the laminated substrate is lowered.
- the content of the adhesive functional group can be measured by methods such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis and infrared absorption spectrum analysis. For example, as described in JP-A-2007-314720, using a method such as infrared absorption spectrum analysis, the proportion of units having an adhesive functional group in all units constituting the fluororesin (A) (moles) %) And the content of the adhesive functional group can be calculated from the ratio.
- NMR nuclear magnetic resonance
- infrared absorption spectrum analysis the proportion of units having an adhesive functional group in all units constituting the fluororesin (A) (moles) %)
- the content of the adhesive functional group can be calculated from the ratio.
- the fluorine-containing polymer in the present invention is not limited to the fluorine-containing polymer having the following melting point, and fluorine-containing polymers having no melting point, such as fluorine-containing elastomers, and fluorine-containing polymers having a melting point outside the following range are also available. Includes.
- the fluoropolymer in the present invention is preferably a fluoropolymer having the following melting point.
- an elastomer containing a unit based on one or more monomers selected from tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, vinylidene fluoride, and chlorotrifluoroethylene is preferable.
- a tetrafluoroethylene / propylene copolymer described in JP-A No. 05-78539 or the like a vinylidene fluoride / hexafluoropropylene copolymer described in JP-A No. 11-124482 or the like, Vinylidene fluoride / hexafluoropropylene / tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, etc .; fluorine-containing polymers having units based on tetrafluoroethylene and units based on perfluoro (methyl vinyl ether) described in JP-A-2006-089720 Is mentioned.
- the fluoropolymer having no melting point and the fluoropolymer having a melting point outside the following range include a tetrafluoroethylene homopolymer and a modified tetrafluoroethylene polymer.
- the fluoropolymer in the present invention is preferably a fluoropolymer having a melting point of 100 ° C. or higher and 325 ° C. or lower, both having and not having an adhesive functional group.
- the melting point of the fluoropolymer is more preferably from 100 ° C. to 260 ° C., and further preferably from 120 ° C. to 220 ° C. If the melting point of the fluoropolymer is equal to or higher than the lower limit of the above range, the resulting molded article is excellent in heat resistance.
- the melting point of the fluorinated polymer is not more than the upper limit of the above range, a general-purpose molding apparatus can be used when producing the molded body, and the resin in the prepreg is a thermosetting resin, Excellent adhesion at the interface between the polymer layer and the fiber reinforced resin layer.
- the fluoropolymer refers to a fluoropolymer having the above melting point.
- the melting point of the fluoropolymer is preferably 120 ° C. or higher and 220 ° C. or lower, and more preferably 120 ° C. or higher and 200 ° C. or lower.
- the melting point of the fluoropolymer can be adjusted by the type and ratio of the units constituting the fluoropolymer, the molecular weight of the fluoropolymer, and the like. For example, the melting point tends to increase as the proportion of the unit (u1) described later increases.
- fluorine-containing polymer a fluorine-containing polymer that can be melt-molded is preferable from the viewpoint of easy production of a film.
- fluorine-containing polymer that can be melt-molded known fluorine-containing polymers that can be melt-molded can be used.
- fluorine-containing polymer having no adhesive functional group include tetrafluoroethylene / perfluoro (alkyl vinyl ether) copolymer (PFA), tetrafluoroethylene / hexafluoropropylene copolymer (FEP), and ethylene / tetrafluoroethylene copolymer.
- Examples thereof include a polymer (ETFE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE), and an ethylene / chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer (ECTFE).
- ETFE polymer
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- PCTFE polychlorotrifluoroethylene
- ECTFE ethylene / chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer
- a fluorine-containing polymer having no adhesive functional group a fluorine-containing polymer having a hydrogen atom bonded to a carbon atom such as ETFE or PVDF can be used because the adhesive functional group can be efficiently introduced by surface treatment.
- the fluoropolymer having an adhesive functional group include the above fluoropolymer having a unit having an adhesive functional group and a terminal group having an adhesive functional group. Specific examples include PFA having an adhesive functional group, FEP having an adhesive functional group, ETFE having an adhesive functional group, and the like.
- the fluorine-containing polymer has a melt flow rate of 0.1 to 1000 g / 10 minutes (preferably 0.5 to 100 g / 10) at a temperature higher by 20 ° C. than the melting point of the fluorine-containing polymer under a load of 21 N. Minutes, more preferably 1 to 30 g / 10 minutes, and still more preferably 5 to 20 g / 10 minutes).
- the melt flow rate is at least the lower limit of the above range, the fluoropolymer is excellent in moldability, and the surface smoothness and appearance of the fluoropolymer film are excellent.
- the melt flow rate is not more than the upper limit of the above range, the mechanical strength of the fluoropolymer film is excellent.
- the melt flow rate of the fluoropolymer at 235 ° C. and a load of 21 N is preferably 0.5 to 100 g / 10 minutes, more preferably 1 to 50 g / 10 minutes, and further preferably 1 to 30 g / 10 minutes. If the melt flow rate is not more than the upper limit of the above range, the heat resistance tends to be improved. When the melt flow rate is at least the lower limit of the above range, the moldability of the fluoropolymer is excellent.
- the fluoropolymer in the polymer layer is preferably a fluoropolymer having an adhesive functional group.
- the fluorine-containing polymer having an adhesive functional group uses a chain transfer agent or polymerization initiator that causes the adhesive functional group to be copolymerized when the monomer is polymerized. Then, the monomer can be polymerized.
- a monomer having an adhesive functional group a monomer having a carbonyl group-containing group, a hydroxy group, an epoxy group, an amide group, an amino group or an isocyanate group is preferable.
- an acid anhydride group and a carboxy group are preferable.
- monomers having a carboxy group such as maleic acid, itaconic acid, citraconic acid, undecylenic acid, itaconic anhydride (hereinafter also referred to as “IAH”), citraconic anhydride (hereinafter also referred to as “CAH”).
- NASH 5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid anhydride
- monomers having an acid anhydride group such as maleic anhydride, hydroxyalkyl vinyl ether, epoxy alkyl vinyl ether, etc. Is mentioned.
- a chain transfer agent having a carboxy group, an ester bond, a hydroxyl group, or the like is preferable. Specific examples include acetic acid, acetic anhydride, methyl acetate, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol and the like.
- peroxide polymerization initiators such as peroxy carbonate, diacyl peroxide, and peroxy ester are preferable. Specific examples include di-n-propyl peroxydicarbonate, diisopropyl peroxycarbonate, tert-butyl peroxyisopropyl carbonate, bis (4-tert-butylcyclohexyl) peroxydicarbonate, di-2-ethylhexyl peroxydicarbonate, and the like. .
- the fluorine-containing polymer having an adhesive functional group derived from a monomer the following fluorine-containing polymer can be used because the adhesive property at the interface between the polymer layer in the molded article and the fiber reinforced resin layer or the metal layer is further excellent.
- Polymer A is particularly preferred.
- Fluoropolymer A A unit derived from tetrafluoroethylene (hereinafter also referred to as “TFE”) or chlorotrifluoroethylene (hereinafter also referred to as “CTFE”) and a cyclic hydrocarbon unit having an acid anhydride group Fluoropolymer having a unit derived from a monomer (hereinafter also referred to as “acid anhydride monomer”) and a unit derived from a fluorinated monomer (excluding TFE and CTFE) .
- TFE tetrafluoroethylene
- CTFE chlorotrifluoroethylene
- unit (u1) a unit derived from TFE or CTFE
- unit (u2) a unit derived from an acid anhydride monomer
- unit (u3) a unit derived from the fluorine-containing monomer
- Examples of the acid anhydride monomer include IAH, CAH, NAH, maleic anhydride and the like.
- One type of acid anhydride monomer may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination.
- As the acid anhydride monomer IAH, CAH and NAH are preferable.
- the fluorine-containing fluorine-containing acid anhydride group can be used without using a special polymerization method required when maleic anhydride is used (see JP-A-11-193132).
- the polymer A can be easily produced.
- IAH and NAH are preferable from the viewpoint of further excellent adhesion at the interface.
- the fluorinated polymer A a part of the acid anhydride group in the unit (u2) is hydrolyzed, and as a result, dicarboxylic acid (itaconic acid, citraconic acid, 5-norbornene) corresponding to the acid anhydride monomer is obtained. -2,3-dicarboxylic acid, maleic acid, etc.) units.
- the unit of the dicarboxylic acid is included, the content of the unit is included in the content of the unit (u2).
- the concentration of the acid anhydride monomer during polymerization is preferably 0.01 to 5 mol%, more preferably 0.1 to 3 mol% with respect to the total monomers. Preferably, 0.1 to 2 mol% is more preferable.
- the concentration of the monomer is within the above range, the polymerization rate becomes moderate.
- the concentration of the monomer is too high, the polymerization rate tends to decrease.
- the acid anhydride monomer is consumed in the polymerization, it is preferable to supply the consumed amount into the polymerization tank continuously or intermittently and maintain the concentration of the monomer within the above range. .
- the fluorine-containing monomer is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of HFP, PAVE, and FAE from the viewpoint of excellent moldability of the fluorine-containing polymer A, flexibility of the polymer layer, and the like, and FAE and HFP. Any one or both of these are more preferable.
- 2 CFOCF 2 CF 2 CF 3 (hereinafter also referred to as “PPVE”) is preferable.
- the FAE is preferably CH 2 ⁇ CH (CF 2 ) q1 X 4 (where q1 is 2 to 6, preferably 2 to 4), and CH 2 ⁇ CH (CF 2 ) 2 F, CH 2 ⁇ CH (CF 2 ) 3 F, CH 2 ⁇ CH (CF 2 ) 4 F, CH 2 ⁇ CF (CF 2 ) 3 H, CH 2 ⁇ CF (CF 2 ) 4 H is more preferred, and CH 2 ⁇ CH ( CF 2 ) 4 F (hereinafter also referred to as “PFBE”) and CH 2 ⁇ CH (CF 2 ) 2 F (hereinafter also referred to as “PFEE”) are particularly preferable.
- PFBE CH 2 ⁇ CH (CF 2 ) 4 F
- PFEE CH 2 ⁇ CH (CF 2 ) 2 F
- the fluorinated polymer A is a unit derived from a non-fluorinated monomer (excluding an acid anhydride monomer) (hereinafter, unit (u4)). May also be described).
- a non-fluorine monomer a non-fluorine compound having one polymerizable carbon-carbon double bond is preferable, and examples thereof include olefins (ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, etc.), vinyl esters (vinyl acetate, etc.), and the like. Can be mentioned.
- a non-fluorine-type monomer may be used individually by 1 type, and may use 2 or more types together.
- ethylene, propylene, and 1-butene are preferable, and ethylene is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of excellent mechanical strength of the fluorine-containing resin layer.
- fluoropolymer A examples include TFE / NAH / PPVE copolymer, TFE / IAH / PPVE copolymer, TFE / CAH / PPVE copolymer, TFE / IAH / HFP copolymer, TFE / CAH / HFP copolymer, TFE / IAH / PFBE / ethylene copolymer, TFE / CAH / PFBE / ethylene copolymer, TFE / IAH / PFEE / ethylene copolymer, TFE / CAH / PFEE / ethylene copolymer , TFE / IAH / HFP / PFBE / ethylene copolymer and the like.
- the preferred ratio of each unit to the total amount of the unit (u1), the unit (u2), the unit (u3) and the unit (u4) is as follows: It is as follows.
- the proportion of the unit (u1) is preferably from 25 to 80 mol%, more preferably from 40 to 65 mol%, still more preferably from 45 to 63 mol%.
- the proportion of the unit (u2) is preferably from 0.01 to 5 mol%, more preferably from 0.03 to 3 mol%, still more preferably from 0.05 to 1 mol%.
- the proportion of the unit (u3) is preferably 0.2 to 20 mol%, more preferably 0.5 to 15 mol%, and further preferably 1 to 12 mol%.
- the proportion of the unit (u4) is preferably 20 to 75 mol%, more preferably 35 to 50 mol%, still more preferably 37 to 55 mol%.
- the proportion of each unit is within the above range, the flame retardancy and chemical resistance of the polymer layer are further improved. If the ratio of the unit (u2) is within the above range, the amount of the acid anhydride group in the fluoropolymer A is appropriate, and at the interface between the polymer layer in the molded body and the fiber reinforced resin layer or metal layer. Excellent adhesion. When the proportion of the unit (u3) is within the above range, the moldability of the fluoropolymer A, the bending resistance of the polymer layer and the like are further improved.
- the ratio of each unit can be calculated by melt NMR analysis, fluorine content analysis, infrared absorption spectrum analysis, etc. of the fluoropolymer A.
- the fluoropolymer can be produced by a conventional method.
- the polymerization method is preferably a polymerization method using a radical polymerization initiator.
- Polymerization methods include bulk polymerization, solution polymerization using organic solvents (fluorinated hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons, fluorinated chlorohydrocarbons, alcohols, hydrocarbons, etc.), aqueous media and appropriate organic solvents as required. And suspension polymerization methods using an aqueous medium and an emulsion polymerization method using an emulsifier and a solution polymerization method are preferred.
- radical polymerization initiator an initiator having a half-life of 10 hours and a temperature of 0 to 100 ° C. is preferable, and an initiator having a temperature of 20 to 90 ° C. is more preferable.
- radical polymerization initiators include azo compounds (azobisisobutyronitrile, etc.), non-fluorinated diacyl peroxides (isobutyryl peroxide, octanoyl peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide, etc.), peroxydicarbonates (diisopropyl peroxydicarbonate).
- Peroxyesters tert-butylperoxypivalate, tert-butylperoxyisobutyrate, tert-butylperoxyacetate, etc.
- fluorine-containing diacyl peroxide ((Z (CF 2 ) r COO) 2 (where Z is A hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom, and r is an integer of 1 to 10)
- inorganic peroxides potassium persulfate, sodium persulfate, ammonium persulfate, etc.
- a chain transfer agent may be used to control the melt viscosity of the fluoropolymer.
- Chain transfer agents include alcohol (methanol, ethanol, etc.), chlorofluorohydrocarbon (1,3-dichloro-1,1,2,2,3-pentafluoropropane, 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane, etc. ), Hydrocarbons (pentane, hexane, cyclohexane, etc.).
- Examples of the organic solvent used in the solution polymerization method include perfluorocarbon, hydrofluorocarbon, chlorohydrofluorocarbon, and hydrofluoroether.
- the number of carbon atoms is preferably 4-12.
- Specific examples of the perfluorocarbon include perfluorocyclobutane, perfluoropentane, perfluorohexane, perfluorocyclopentane, and perfluorocyclohexane.
- Specific examples of the hydrofluorocarbon include 1-hydroperfluorohexane.
- Specific examples of the chlorohydrofluorocarbon include 1,3-dichloro-1,1,2,2,3-pentafluoropropane.
- Specific examples of the hydrofluoroether include methyl perfluorobutyl ether, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl 2,2,1,1-tetrafluoroethyl ether, and the like.
- the polymerization temperature is preferably from 0 to 100 ° C, more preferably from 20 to 90 ° C.
- the polymerization pressure is preferably from 0.1 to 10 MPa [gage], more preferably from 0.5 to 3 MPa [gage].
- the polymerization time is preferably 1 to 30 hours.
- the polymer layer is not limited to a polymer layer comprising a fluoropolymer film, and the constituent material of the polymer layer includes additives, resins other than the fluoropolymer, and the like as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. May be included.
- the resin other than the fluoropolymer include polyester, polyolefin, styrene resin, urethane resin, polyoxymethylene, polyamide, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, polyphenylene sulfide, polyphenylene ether, modified polyphenylene ether, and polyimide.
- Polyamideimide Polyetherimide, polysulfone, modified polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyketone, polyetherketone, polyetheretherketone, polyetherketoneketone, polyarylate, polyethernitrile, phenol resin, phenoxy resin and the like.
- an inorganic filler is preferable.
- Inorganic fillers include silica, clay, talc, calcium carbonate, mica, diatomaceous earth, alumina, zinc oxide, titanium oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, iron oxide, tin oxide, antimony oxide, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, water Aluminum oxide, basic magnesium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, zinc carbonate, barium carbonate, dosonite, hydrotalcite, calcium sulfate, barium sulfate, calcium silicate, montmorillonite, bentonite, activated clay, sepiolite, imogolite, sericite, glass fiber, glass Examples include beads, silica-based balloons, carbon black, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanohorns, graphite, carbon fibers, glass balloons, carbon balloons, wood powder, and zinc borate.
- An inorganic filler may be used individually by 1 type, and may use 2 or more types together.
- the inorganic filler may be porous or non-porous.
- the inorganic filler may be subjected to a surface treatment with a surface treatment agent such as a silane coupling agent or a titanate coupling agent from the viewpoint of improving dispersibility in the resin.
- a metal layer is a layer which consists of a metal film.
- the metal layer may also be a layer composed of a film having a metal surface other than the metal film, such as a resin film having a metal plating layer on the surface. Since the adhesiveness at the interface with the fiber reinforced resin layer cannot be sufficiently obtained, the metal layer is laminated with the prepreg layer via a polymer layer having an adhesive functional group on the surface.
- the metal layer may exist as a surface layer of the laminated base material, or may exist as an internal layer of the laminated base material.
- a laminated base material having at least one side composed of a metal layer is preferable.
- the metal include iron, stainless steel, aluminum, copper, brass, nickel, zinc, titanium, and alloys of these metals. What is necessary is just to select suitably the kind of metal in a metal layer according to the use of a molded object.
- copper or a copper alloy, stainless steel, nickel or a nickel alloy (a 42 alloy is also included), aluminum, or an aluminum alloy is mentioned.
- copper films such as rolled copper foil and electrolytic copper foil are frequently used, and in the present invention also have a metal layer made of a copper film. Is preferred.
- a rust prevention layer (oxide film such as chromate) or a heat-resistant layer may be formed on the surface of the metal film.
- the thickness of the metal film is not particularly limited, and may be a thickness that can exhibit a sufficient function depending on the use of the molded body. The thickness is preferably 1 to 500 ⁇ m, and more preferably 10 to 200 ⁇ m.
- the laminated base material of the present invention described above, by having an adhesive functional group on the surface of the polymer layer, the interface between the fiber reinforced resin layer and the polymer layer, and the polymer layer and the metal layer It is possible to produce a molded article having excellent interface adhesion.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a method for producing a molded article of the present invention.
- the upper mold 32 is formed so that the laminated base material 10 manufactured in advance at a place other than the mold or on the lower mold 34 is in contact with the lower mold 34.
- a pair of molds 30 including the lower mold 34 As shown in the second stage of FIG. 5, the laminated base material 10 is preheated with being sandwiched between the upper mold 32 and the lower mold 34.
- the upper mold 32 and the lower mold 34 are clamped and the laminated base material 10 is pressure-molded while heating, and conforms to the shape of the mold. A molded body 20 having a shape is obtained.
- the pair of molds composed of the upper mold and the lower mold is for molding the laminated base material into a molded body having a desired shape. Since the laminated substrate of the present invention can cope with a complicated shape, a mold having a complicated shape can be used in the method for producing a molded body of the present invention. Examples of the mold having a complicated shape include a mold having an uneven shape, a deep drawing shape, and the like. It is preferable that the corner portion in the concavo-convex shape and the deep-drawn shape is an R portion having a predetermined radius of curvature.
- the radius of curvature of the R portion is preferably from 0.1 to 10 mm, more preferably from 1 to 6 mm, and even more preferably from 2 to 5 mm from the viewpoint of suppressing disturbance of the reinforcing fibers and improving the appearance of the molded body.
- the mold material include steel, and a super-high alloy with high wear resistance is preferable.
- the mold may be subjected to surface treatment (surface nitriding treatment or the like) from the viewpoint of wear resistance.
- the preheating temperature is the same as the temperature at the time of mold clamping described later.
- the temperature of preheating and the temperature at the time of mold clamping are the temperature of the surface in contact with the laminated substrate in the mold.
- the preheating time is, for example, a time until the heat of the mold is sufficiently transmitted to the polymer layer of the laminated base material and softens appropriately.
- the temperature at the time of clamping is preferably less than 400 ° C., preferably 100 ° C. or more and 300 ° C. or less, and more preferably 100 ° C. or more and 220 ° C. or less. If the temperature at the time of mold clamping is more than the lower limit of the said range, it will be excellent in the heat resistance of the molded object obtained. If the temperature at the time of mold clamping is below the upper limit of the above range, a general-purpose molding apparatus can be used when producing a molded body, and the polymer layer in the molded body is a resin matrix is a thermosetting resin. Excellent adhesion at the interface between the fiber and the fiber reinforced resin layer.
- the polymer layer and the fiber reinforced resin layer in the molded body can be formed even if the temperature at which the laminated substrate is molded is lowered. Excellent adhesion at the interface. Therefore, when the melting point of the fluoropolymer is 120 ° C. or higher and 220 ° C. or lower, the temperature during mold clamping is preferably less than 220 ° C., and the melting point of the fluoropolymer is 120 ° C. or higher and 200 ° C. or lower. In this case, the temperature during mold clamping is more preferably less than the melting point of the fluoropolymer.
- the peel strength between the fiber reinforced resin layer and the polymer layer is 5 N /
- a molded body having a size of cm or more preferably 7 N / cm or more, more preferably 10 N / cm or more is obtained.
- the pressure at the time of clamping is preferably 10 MPa or less, more preferably 6 MPa or less, and even more preferably 3 MPa or less from the viewpoint of suppressing the disturbance of the reinforcing fibers and improving the appearance of the molded body.
- the pressure at the time of mold clamping is preferably 0.01 MPa or more, more preferably 0.1 MPa or more, and more preferably 0.5 MPa or more from the viewpoint of causing the laminated base material to follow the shape of the mold and leaving no bubbles in the molded body. Further preferred.
- the mold clamping time is preferably 30 minutes or less, more preferably 15 minutes or less, and even more preferably 10 minutes or less from the viewpoint of productivity.
- the mold clamping time is preferably 5 minutes or more, more preferably 7 minutes or more, and even more preferably 10 minutes or more from the viewpoint of the curability of the thermosetting resin.
- Examples of uses of the molded body include the following. Electrical / electronic devices (PCs, displays, OA devices, mobile phones, personal digital assistants, facsimiles, compact discs, portable MDs, portable radio cassettes, PDAs (mobile information terminals such as electronic notebooks), video cameras, digital still cameras, Optical equipment, audio equipment, air conditioners, lighting equipment, entertainment goods, toy goods, and other household appliances), internal members (tray, chassis, etc.), internal member cases, battery pack housings, mechanical parts, etc. Building materials (panels) etc.
- Automobiles, motorcycle-related parts, parts and outer plates motor parts, alternator terminals, alternator connectors, IC regulators, light-depot potentiometer bases, suspension parts, various valves (exhaust gas valves, etc.), fuel-related, exhaust system or various intake systems Pipe, air intake nozzle snorkel, intake manifold, various arms, various frames, various hinges, various bearings, fuel pump, gasoline tank, CNG tank, engine coolant joint, carburetor main body, carburetor spacer, exhaust gas sensor, coolant sensor , Oil temperature sensor, brake pad wear sensor, throttle position sensor, crankshaft position sensor, air flow meter, brake pad Wear sensor, thermostat base for air conditioner, heating hot air flow control valve, brush holder for radiator motor, water pump impeller, turbine vane, wiper motor related parts, distributor, starter switch, starter relay, transmission wire harness, window Washer nozzle, air conditioner panel switch board, coil for fuel related electromagnetic valve, connector for fuse, battery tray, AT bracket, headlamp support, pedal housing, handle, door beam, protector, chassis,
- Aircraft related parts, components and skins landing gear pods, winglets, spoilers, edges, ladders, elevators, failings, ribs, etc.
- Other Windmill blades, etc.
- the molded body is particularly preferably used for aircraft members, windmill blades, automobile outer plates, casings of electronic devices, trays, chassis, and the like.
- the molded body is particularly preferably used for a battery pack housing.
- the ratio of the acid anhydride monomer unit in the fluoropolymer was determined by the following infrared absorption spectrum analysis.
- NAH units The fluoropolymer was press molded to obtain a 200 ⁇ m film. In the infrared absorption spectrum, an absorption peak at NAH units in the fluoropolymer appears at 1778 cm ⁇ 1 . The absorbance of the absorption peak was measured, and the NAH unit ratio (mol%) was determined using the NAH molar extinction coefficient of 20810 mol ⁇ 1 ⁇ l ⁇ cm ⁇ 1 .
- the number of acid anhydride groups to the main chain number 1 ⁇ 10 6 carbon atoms is calculated as [a ⁇ 10 6/100] Pieces.
- IAH units In the infrared absorption spectrum, it appears at the absorption peak 1870 cm ⁇ 1 of the C ⁇ O stretching vibration in the IAH unit in the fluoropolymer.
- h is the height of the absorption peak at 1870 cm-1
- t is the thickness of the film (unit: mm)
- a is a coefficient.
- a 0.30 determined using IAH as a model compound was used.
- Interface between metal layer and polymer layer The molded body was cut into a size of 100 mm in length and 10 mm in width to prepare a test piece.
- the metal layer and the polymer layer were peeled from one end in the length direction of the test piece to a position of 50 mm.
- the test piece was peeled 90 degrees at a pulling rate of 50 mm / min using a tensile tester (Orientec Co., Ltd.) centered at a position 50 mm from one end in the length direction of the test piece, and the maximum load was peel strength (N / Cm). It shows that the adhesiveness between a metal layer and a polymer layer is excellent, so that peeling strength is large.
- combustion test The molded body was cut to a width of 13 mm, a length of 130 mm, and a thickness of 1.5 mm to prepare a test piece, and a combustion test based on UL94HB was performed. As a judgment of evaluation, one end in the length direction of the test piece is burned, and the lower the burning rate from the position of 25 mm to the position of 100 mm from one end, the better the result. In addition, it is best that the combustion is extinguished naturally.
- Fluoropolymer (1) A 1.3-liter stainless steel polymerization tank equipped with a stirrer and a jacket was evacuated, then charged with 825 g of CF 3 CH 2 OCF 2 CF 2 H and 3.2 g of PFBE while stirring the polymerization tank After charging 350 g of HFP, 118 g of TFE, and 2.9 g of ethylene, warm water was passed through the jacket to bring the temperature inside the polymerization tank to 66 ° C. The pressure in the polymerization tank was 1.47 MPa [gage]. After the internal temperature was stabilized, 7.4 mL of a 5 mass% CF 3 CH 2 OCF 2 CF 2 H solution of tert-butylperoxypivalate was injected to initiate polymerization.
- the gas of unreacted monomer was purged from the polymerization tank to atmospheric pressure, the slurry was transferred to a container having an internal volume of 2 L, and water having the same volume as the slurry was added. While heating (20 to 73 ° C.), the polymerization medium and unreacted monomer were separated from the polymer. The obtained polymer was dried in an oven at 120 ° C. to obtain a white powdery fluoropolymer (1).
- the content of the functional group was 1504 with respect to 1 ⁇ 10 6 main chain carbon atoms.
- the melting point of the fluoropolymer (1) was 183 ° C., and the melt flow rate under the conditions of 235 ° C. and a load of 21 N was 4.0 g / 10 min.
- Fluoropolymer (2) Synthesis was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 of International Publication No. 2015/182702 to obtain a fluoropolymer (2).
- the number of chain carbon atoms was 3000 for 1 ⁇ 10 6 , the melting point was 245 ° C., and the melt flow rate under the conditions of 297 ° C. and a load of 49 N was 22 g / 10 min.
- Fluoropolymer (3) Synthesis was carried out in the same manner as [0124] of International Publication No. 2016/017801 to obtain a fluoropolymer (3).
- the content is 1000 per 1 ⁇ 10 6 main chain carbon atoms, the melting point is 300 ° C., and the melt flow rate under the conditions of 372 ° C. and a load of 49 N is 17.6 g / 10 min. It was.
- Fluoropolymer (4) A commercially available ETFE having no adhesive functional group was used as the fluoropolymer (4).
- the commercially available PFA which does not have an adhesive functional group was used as a fluoropolymer (5).
- Polymer film (1) The fluoropolymer (1) was extruded at a die temperature of 220 ° C. using a 30 mm ⁇ single screw extruder having a 750 mm wide coat hanger die to obtain a polymer film (1) having a thickness of 100 ⁇ m.
- the following polymer film was produced using the same single screw extruder as described above.
- Polymer film (2) a film having a thickness of 100 ⁇ m obtained by extrusion molding of the fluoropolymer (4) at a die temperature of 300 ° C.
- Polymer film (4) 100 ⁇ m thick obtained by extrusion molding a fluoropolymer (3) at a die temperature of 340 ° C.
- Polymer film (5) A film having a thickness of 100 ⁇ m obtained by extrusion-molding the fluoropolymer (5) at a die temperature of 340 ° C.
- Polymer film (6) Surface treatment was performed on both surfaces of the polymer film (2) using a capacitively coupled electrode type continuous treatment apparatus. A so-called gliding arc discharge is generated under the condition of pulse-modulated AC high voltage (20 kHz, 24 kV), and atmospheric discharge and low-temperature plasma (temperature of 80 ° C. or less) is generated on the polymer film (2) on the conveying device (conveyor) by this discharge.
- the polymer film (6) was obtained by applying a surface treatment to the surface. When the surface carbonyl group was measured by ATR-IR, an absorption peak derived from a broad carbonyl group was confirmed at 1790 cm ⁇ 1 .
- the amount of the functional group introduced was 0.21 in terms of the absorption peak ratio with respect to the peak height of the CH stretching peak at 1450 cm ⁇ 1 , which was obtained by the following formula.
- Absorption peak ratio log (peak height 1790cm -1)) / log (peak height 1450 cm -1)
- Polymer film (7) Surface treatment was performed on both surfaces of the polymer film (2) using a capacitively coupled electrode type continuous treatment apparatus. While performing the surface treatment in the same manner as the polymer film (6), an argon gas containing acrylic acid was supplied upstream in the system, and a polymer film (7) was obtained by plasma graft polymerization. When the carbonyl group on the surface was measured by ATR-IR, a sharp absorption peak derived from carbonyl group considered to be derived from acrylic acid was confirmed at 1785 cm ⁇ 1 . The amount of functional group introduced was 0.15 in the absorption peak ratio.
- Polymer film (8) a film having an amide group on the surface obtained by using acrylamide
- Polymer film (9) a film having an epoxy group on the surface obtained by using glycidyl methacrylate
- Polymer film (10) Film obtained by using allylamine and having an amino group on the surface
- Prepreg (P-1) manufactured by Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd., TR3110 381 GMX (thickness: 223 ⁇ m, reinforcing fiber: carbon fiber, resin matrix: thermosetting resin)
- Prepreg (P-2) manufactured by Ichimura Sangyo Co., Ltd. (thickness: 270 ⁇ m, reinforcing fiber: carbon fiber, resin matrix: polyamide 6)
- Prepreg (P-3) manufactured by Ichimura Sangyo Co., Ltd. (thickness: 280 ⁇ m, reinforcing fiber: carbon fiber, resin matrix: polyphenylene sulfide)
- Metal film (1) electrolytic copper foil manufactured by Fukuda Metal Foil Powder Co., Ltd., CF-T4X-SVR-12 (thickness: 12 ⁇ m, surface roughness (Rz): 1.2 ⁇ m)
- Metal film (2) Nilaco titanium foil, TI-453262 (thickness: 50 ⁇ m)
- Example 1-1 The laminated base material in which the polymer film (1) and the prepreg (P-1) are stacked is subjected to the conditions of a press temperature of 150 ° C., a press time of 10 minutes, and a surface pressure of 4.8 MPa using a hot press apparatus (manufactured by Tester Sangyo Co., Ltd.). Was pressed and heated to obtain a molded body. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 1-2 A molded body was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1-1 except that the pressing temperature was 180 ° C.
- the results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 1-3 A molded body was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1-1 except that the pressing temperature was 200 ° C. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 1-4 A molded body was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1-1 except that the pressing temperature was 220 ° C. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 1-5) A laminated base material in which the metal film (1), the polymer film (1), and the prepreg (P-1) were stacked in this order was vacuum-pressed for 60 minutes under the conditions of a temperature of 220 ° C. and a pressure of 3 MPa to obtain a molded body. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 1-6 A molded body was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the polymer film (1) was changed to the polymer film (2). Since the fiber reinforced resin layer and the polymer layer were not adhered, the peel strength could not be measured. The results are shown in Table 1. (Example 1-7) A molded body was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1-6 except that the pressing temperature was 220 ° C. The results are shown in Table 1. (Example 1-8) A molded body was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1-6 except that the pressing temperature was 240 ° C. The results are shown in Table 1. (Example 1-9) A molded body was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1-5 except that the metal film (1) was changed to the metal film (2). The results are shown in Table 1. (Example 1-10) A molded body was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1-2 except that the polymer film (1) was changed to the polymer film (6). The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 1-11 A molded body was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1-5 except that the polymer film (1) was changed to the polymer film (6) and the press temperature was changed to 180 ° C. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 1-12 A molded body was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1-2 except that the polymer film (1) was changed to the polymer film (7). The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 1-13 A molded body was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1-5 except that the polymer film (1) was changed to the polymer film (7) and the press temperature was changed to 180 ° C. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 1-14 A molded body was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1-2 except that the polymer film (1) was changed to the polymer film (8). The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 1-15 A molded body was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1-2 except that the polymer film (1) was changed to the polymer film (9). The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 1-16 A molded body was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1-2 except that the polymer film (1) was changed to the polymer film (10). The results are shown in Table 1.
- the molded bodies of Examples 1-1 to 1-5 and 1-9 having a polymer layer containing a fluorine-containing polymer having an adhesive functional group are the interface between the fiber reinforced resin layer and the polymer layer, and the polymer layer. Excellent adhesion at the interface between metal and metal layer.
- the molded products of Examples 1-10 to 1-16 using a film obtained by subjecting a fluorine-containing polymer film having no adhesive functional group to plasma treatment or plasma graft polymerization treatment include a fiber-reinforced resin layer and a polymer. Excellent adhesion at the interface with the layer and at the interface between the polymer layer and the metal layer.
- the molded bodies of Examples 1-6 to 1-8 having a polymer layer containing a fluoropolymer having no adhesive functional group have insufficient adhesion at the interface between the fiber reinforced resin layer and the polymer layer. It is.
- Example 2-1 A laminated base material obtained by stacking the polymer film (1) and the prepreg (P-2) was used under the conditions of a press temperature of 240 ° C., a press time of 10 minutes, and a surface pressure of 3.0 MPa using a hot press apparatus (manufactured by Tester Sangyo Co., Ltd.). Was pressed and heated to obtain a molded body. The results are shown in Table 2.
- Examples 2-2 to 2-9 A molded body was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2-1, except that the polymer film and prepreg were changed to those shown in Table 2 and the press conditions were changed to the conditions shown in Table 2. The results are shown in Table 2. In Examples 2-5 and 2-6, six prepregs (P-2) were stacked and performed under the conditions shown in Table 2. “> 20” in Table 2 means that when the peel strength exceeds 20 N / cm, the polymer film is broken at the time of peeling, and thus a value higher than this cannot be measured.
- Example 3-1 Six sheets of prepreg (P-2) and two sheets of polymer film (1) were prepared. Place the polymer film (1) on both outer sides of the six prepreg (P-2) laminates and place them on top of each other, set them in a mold using a spacer with a thickness of 1.5 mm, and heat press Using a device (manufactured by Tester Sangyo Co., Ltd.), a compact was obtained by pressing and heating under the conditions of a press temperature of 240 ° C., a press time of 10 minutes, and a surface pressure of 3.0 MPa. A test piece was prepared from the molded body, and a combustion test was performed. The results are shown in Table 3.
- Example 3-2 Except that the polymer film was changed to the one shown in Table 3 and the pressing conditions were changed to the conditions shown in Table 3, a molded product and a test piece were obtained in the same manner as in Example 3-1, and a combustion test was performed. The results are shown in Table 3. (Example 3-3) Except not using a polymer film, a molded body and a test piece were obtained in the same manner as in Example 3-1, and a combustion test was performed. The results are shown in Table 3.
- the fiber reinforced resin layer containing the thermoplastic resin also showed high adhesiveness with the polymer layer containing the fluoropolymer having an adhesive functional group. Moreover, as shown in Table 3, by using a fluoropolymer film having an adhesive functional group, the molded product exhibited high flame retardancy.
- the molded body obtained by the production method of the present invention is useful as a member constituting transportation equipment (vehicles (automobiles, railway vehicles, etc.), aircrafts, etc.), architecture, electrical / electronic equipment, and the like.
- transportation equipment vehicles (automobiles, railway vehicles, etc.), aircrafts, etc.
- architecture electrical / electronic equipment, and the like.
- Japanese Patent Application No. 2015-162453 filed on August 20, 2015
- Japanese Patent Application No. 2016-066251 filed on March 25, 2016,
- the entire contents of the specification, claims, abstract, and drawings of application 2016-121231 are hereby incorporated herein by reference as the disclosure of the specification of the present invention.
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Abstract
Description
(1)プリプレグの片面に熱可塑性樹脂シートを配置した成形用素材(特許文献1)。
(2)プリプレグとプリプレグとの間に熱可塑性樹脂シートを配置した成形用素材(特許文献2)。
<1>強化繊維シートと樹脂マトリックスを含むプリプレグ層の少なくとも1層と、含フッ素重合体を含む重合体層の少なくとも1層とを有する積層基材であって、前記プリプレグ層と前記重合体層とが接する界面が少なくとも1つ存在し、前記界面における前記重合体層の表面に接着性官能基が存在することを特徴とする積層基材。
<3>前記接着性官能基を有する含フッ素重合体が、カルボニル基含有基、ヒドロキシ基、エポキシ基、アミド基、アミノ基およびイソシアネート基からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の官能基を有する含フッ素重合体である、<2>の積層基材。
<4>前記重合体層が、表面に接着性官能基が導入された含フッ素重合体のフィルムからなる、<1>の積層基材。
<5>前記フィルムが、フィルム表面にプラズマ処理またはプラズマグラフト重合処理を施して接着性官能基を導入したフィルムである、<4>の積層基材。
<6>前記積層基材がさらに金属層の少なくとも1層を有し、該金属層と前記重合体層とが接する界面が少なくとも1つ存在し、前記金属層と前記重合体層とが接する界面における前記重合体層の表面に前記接着性官能基が存在する、<1>~<5>のいずれかの積層基材。
<7>前記積層基材の少なくとも片面が金属層からなる、<6>の積層基材。
<9>前記重合体層の厚さが、10μm以上である、<1>~<8>のいずれかの積層基材。
<10>前記樹脂マトリックスが、未硬化の硬化性樹脂を含む樹脂マトリックスである、<1>~<9>のいずれかの積層基材。
<11>前記樹脂マトリックスが、熱可塑性樹脂を含む樹脂マトリックスである、<1>~<9>のいずれかの積層基材。
<13>前記積層基材が接着性官能基を有する含フッ素重合体を含む重合体層を有し、成形温度が前記含フッ素重合体の融点以上の温度であり、かつ樹脂マトリックスが未硬化の硬化性樹脂を含む場合は該硬化性樹脂の硬化温度以上である、<12>の製造方法。
<14>前記積層基材が表面に接着性官能基が導入された含フッ素重合体のフィルムからなる重合体層を有し、成形温度が該含フッ素重合体の融点未満の温度であり、かつ樹脂マトリックスが未硬化の硬化性樹脂を含む場合は該硬化性樹脂の硬化温度以上である、<12>の製造方法。
<15>成形体中のプリプレグ層に由来する繊維強化樹脂層と重合体層との界面における剥離強度が5N/cm以上である、<12>~<14>のいずれかの製造方法。
本発明の積層基材によれば、これを用いて成形体を製造することによって、難燃性および耐薬品性に優れ、かつ複雑な形状を適用可能な成形体を製造できる。
「融点」とは、示差走査熱量測定(DSC)法で測定した融解ピークの最大値に対応する温度を意味する。
「溶融成形可能」であるとは、溶融流動性を示すことを意味する。
「溶融流動性を示す」とは、荷重49Nの条件下、樹脂の融点よりも20℃以上高い温度において、溶融流れ速度が0.1~1000g/10分となる温度が存在することを意味する。
「溶融流れ速度」とは、JIS K 7210:1999(ISO 1133:1997)に規定されるメルトマスフローレート(MFR)を意味する。
「フィルム」および「シート」とは、面状体のうち比較的薄いものを「フィルム」といい、比較的厚いものを「シート」という。ただし、それらの厚さは限定されるものではなく、「フィルム」はシートと称しうる厚さを有する面状体であってもよく、「シート」はフィルムと称しうる厚さを有する面状体であってもよい。
「酸無水物基」とは、-C(=O)-O-C(=O)-で表される基を意味する。
「単位」とは、単量体が重合することによって形成された該単量体に由来する部分を意味する。単位は、重合反応によって直接形成された単位であってもよく、重合体を処理することによって該単位の一部が別の構造に変換された単位であってもよい。
本発明の積層基材は、後述する本発明の成形体の製造方法に用いられるものである。
本発明の積層基材は、強化繊維シートと樹脂マトリックスを含むプリプレグ層の少なくとも1層と、含フッ素重合体を含む重合体層の少なくとも1層とを有する。さらに、上記プリプレグ層と上記重合体層とが接する界面が少なくとも1つ存在し、該界面における重合体層の表面に接着性官能基が存在する。該界面における重合体層表面の接着性官能基については後述する。
本発明の積層基材は、さらに金属層の少なくとも1層を有していてもよく、その場合、金属層と重合体層とが接する界面が少なくとも1つ存在し、金属層と重合体層とが接する界面における重合体層の表面に前記接着性官能基が存在する。
なお、本発明の積層基材を成形して得られる成形体においては、プリプレグ層に由来する繊維強化樹脂層と重合体層とが接する界面を有し、さらに金属層を有する積層基材の場合は金属層と重合体層とが接する界面を有する。これら界面の接着強度等の物性は、積層基材における前記界面における接着性官能基の存在によりもたらされる。以下、接着強度等の界面の物性は、特に言及しない限り、成形体における上記界面の物性を意味する。
たとえば、含フッ素重合体粉末からなる層をプリプレグシートや金属フィルムの表面に形成し、該含フッ素重合体粉末からなる層を形成することができる。含フッ素重合体粉末層は積層基材中の重合体層であってもよく、積層基材の成形の際に溶融して均質な重合体層とすることがでる。また、積層基材製造時に含フッ素重合体粉末層を溶融して均質な重合体層を有する積層基材とすることもできる。同様に、含フッ素重合体を含む塗布液をプリプレグシートや金属フィルムの表面に塗布して塗膜を形成し、塗膜から溶媒を除去して重合体層を形成することもできる。さらに、たとえば、含フッ素重合体のフィルム上に強化繊維シートを重ね、該強化繊維シートにマトリックス用樹脂を含浸させてプリプレグ層を形成することもできる。
各層が接着していない積層基材は構成素材を単に積み重ねるのみで得られ、このような積層基材は、そのまま成形に供することがでる。さらには、積層基材の成形の際にその成形の直前に構成素材を積み重ねて積層基材とすることもできる。
プリプレグ層および重合体層の積層順も、成形体に要求される特性等に応じて適宜設定すればよい。
本発明の積層基材の厚さも、成形体に要求される特性等に応じて適宜設定すればよい。
好ましい本発明の積層基材は、少なくとも片面が重合体層である積層基材であり、金属層を有する場合は、少なくとも片面が金属層である積層基材である。
図2は、本発明の積層基材の他の例を示す断面図である。積層基材10bは、2層のプリプレグ層12と、これらプリプレグ層12の間に配置された重合体層14とを有する。
図4は、本発明の積層基材の他の例を示す断面図である。積層基材10dは、プリプレグ層12と、プリプレグ層12に隣接した重合体層14と、重合体層14に隣接し、かつプリプレグ層12に隣接しない金属層16とを有する。
プリプレグ層は、プリプレグからなる層である。1層のプリプレグ層の厚さは、通常1~1000μmであり、10~500μmであることが好ましい。
プリプレグ層は、強化繊維シートと樹脂マトリックスを含むプリプレグシートからなる層であることが好ましい。1つのプリプレグ層は、1枚のプリプレグシートからなる層であってもよく、複数枚のプリプレグシートからなる層であってもよい。
プリプレグシートは、公知の方法によって製造される。
強化繊維シートとしては、複数の強化繊維からなる強化繊維束、該強化繊維束を織成してなるクロス、複数の強化繊維が一方向に引き揃えられた一方向性強化繊維束、該一方向性強化繊維束から構成された一方向性クロス、これらを組み合わせたもの、複数の強化繊維束を積み重ねたもの等が挙げられる。
強化繊維としては、長さが10mm以上の連続した長繊維が好ましい。強化繊維は、強化繊維シートの長さ方向の全長または幅方向の全幅にわたり連続している必要はなく、途中で分断されていてもよい。
無機繊維としては、炭素繊維、黒鉛繊維、ガラス繊維、シリコンカーバイト繊維、シリコンナイトライド繊維、アルミナ繊維、炭化珪素繊維、ボロン繊維等が挙げられる。
金属繊維としては、アルミニウム繊維、黄銅繊維、ステンレス繊維等が挙げられる。
有機繊維としては、芳香族ポリアミド繊維、ポリアラミド繊維、ポリパラフェニレンベンズオキサゾール(PBO)繊維、ポリフェニレンスルフィド繊維、ポリエステル繊維、アクリル繊維、ナイロン繊維、ポリエチレン繊維等が挙げられる。
強化繊維は、1種を単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を併用してもよい。
強化繊維としては、比重が小さく、高強度、高弾性率である点から、炭素繊維が好ましい。
樹脂マトリックスを構成する樹脂としては、硬化性樹脂(熱硬化性樹脂、光硬化性樹脂等)、熱可塑性樹脂等が挙げられる。樹脂としては、成形体における重合体層と、プリプレグ層に由来する繊維強化樹脂層との接着性の点から、硬化性樹脂が好ましく、成形体の生産性の点から、熱硬化性樹脂が特に好ましい。
架橋性樹脂としては、エポキシ樹脂、不飽和ポリエステル樹脂、ビニルエステル樹脂、フェノール樹脂、ユリア・メラミン樹脂、ポリイミド、ビスマレイミド樹脂、シアネートエステル樹脂等が挙げられる。
熱重合開始剤としては、公知のものが挙げられる。
架橋樹脂としては、ビニルエステル樹脂、不飽和ポリエステル樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、スピロオルソカーボネート樹脂、オキセタン樹脂等が挙げられる。
光重合開始剤としては、公知のものが挙げられる。
熱可塑性樹脂としては、結晶性樹脂、非晶性樹脂、熱可塑性エラストマー、その他が挙げられる。結晶性樹脂としては、ポリエステル系樹脂(ポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)、ポリブチレンテレフタレート(PBT)、ポリトリメチレンテレフタレート(PTT)、ポリエチレンナフタレート(PEN)、液晶ポリエステル等)、ポリオレフィン系樹脂(ポリエチレン(PE)、ポリプロピレン(PP)、ポリブチレン、酸変性ポリエチレン(m-PE)、酸変性ポリプロピレン(m-PP)、酸変性ポリブチレン等)、ポリオキシメチレン(POM)、ポリアミド(PA)、ポリアリーレンスルフィド樹脂(ポリフェニレンスルフィド(PPS)等)、ポリケトン(PK)、ポリエーテルケトン(PEK)、ポリエーテルエーテルケトン(PEEK)、ポリエーテルケトンケトン(PEKK)、ポリエーテルニトリル(PEN)、液晶ポリマー(LCP)等が挙げられる。非晶性樹脂としては、スチレン系樹脂(ポリスチレン(PS)、アクリロニトリルスチレン(AS)、アクリロニトリルブタジエンスチレン(ABS)等)、ポリカーボネート(PC)、ポリメチルメタクリレート(PMMA)、ポリ塩化ビニル(PVC)、未変性または変性されたポリフェニレンエーテル(PPE)、ポリイミド(PI)、ポリアミドイミド(PAI)、ポリエーテルイミド(PEI)、ポリサルホン(PSU)、ポリエーテルサルホン、ポリアリレート(PAR)、フェノキシ樹脂等が挙げられる。熱可塑エラストマーとしては、ポリスチレン系エラストマー、ポリオレフィン系エラストマー、ポリウレタン系エラストマー、ポリエステル系エラストマー、ポリアミド系エラストマー、ポリブタジエン系エラストマー、ポリイソプレン系エラストマー、アクリロニトリル系エラストマー等が挙げられる。
熱可塑性樹脂は含フッ素重合体であってもよいが、含フッ素重合体以外の熱可塑性樹脂が好ましい。また、熱可塑性樹脂は、含フッ素重合体以外の熱可塑性樹脂と含フッ素重合体のブレンド樹脂であってもよい。この場合、ブレンド樹脂中の含フッ素重合体の割合は50質量%未満が好ましく、20質量%未満がより好ましい。
重合体層は、含フッ素重合体を含む層である。1層の重合体層の厚さは、通常1~1000μmであり、5~500μmが好ましく、耐薬品性および難燃性付与の点から、10μm以上が好ましい。中でも10~500μmが好ましく、10~300μmがより好ましい。
含フッ素重合体としては、融点を有する含フッ素重合体であってもよく、融点を有しない含フッ素重合体(たとえば、含フッ素エラストマー)であってもよい。重合体層としては、積層基材の生産性、積層基材の取扱性等の点から、含フッ素重合体のフィルムからなる層であることが好ましい。また、1つの重合体層は、1枚の含フッ素重合体のフィルムからなる層であってもよく、複数枚の含フッ素重合体のフィルムからなる層であってもよい。
重合体層は、また、前記のように含フッ素重合体粉末から形成された均質な層や含フッ素重合体粉末からなる層であってもよく、含フッ素重合体を含む塗布用組成物から形成された層であってもよい。さらに、重合体層は、含フッ素重合体からなる繊維を用いた布帛(織物、不織布等)であってもよい。
表面に接着性官能基が存在する重合体層は、接着性官能基を有する含フッ素重合体から構成されているか、または、フィルム表面に接着性官能基が導入された含フッ素重合体フィルムから構成されている。接着性官能基が導入されたフィルムは、接着性官能基を有しない含フッ素重合体のフィルムの表面に接着性官能基を導入して得られるフィルムであることが好ましい。
含フッ素重合体のフィルムとしては、溶融成形可能な含フッ素重合体を含む成形用材料をフィルムに成形して得られたフィルムが好ましい。フィルムにおける含フッ素重合体としては、接着性官能基を有する含フッ素重合体の場合と接着性官能基を有しない含フッ素重合体の場合がある。
上記フィルムの構成材料は、含フッ素重合体以外に、本発明の効果を損なわない範囲において添加剤や含フッ素重合体以外の樹脂等を含んでもよい。フィルム中の含フッ素重合体の含有量は、前記界面における接着性の点から、フィルムの全構成材料に対して、50質量%以上が好ましく、80質量%以上がより好ましい。含フッ素重合体の含有量の上限は特に限定されず、100質量%であってもよい。
フィルムの厚さは、通常1~1000μmである。フィルムの厚さは、10~500μmが好ましく、10~200μmが特に好ましい。
フィルムは、含フッ素重合体を含む成形用材料を公知の成形方法(押出成形法、インフレーション成形法等)によって製造されることが好ましい。
含フッ素重合体のフィルムの表面処理により、フィルム表面に接着性官能基を導入できる。接着性官能基が導入された面は、プリプレグ層や金属層との界面となる、フィルムの片面または両面である。プリプレグ層や金属層との界面とならない面にも接着性官能基が導入されてよい。表面処理としては、コロナ放電処理、プラズマ処理(ただし、コロナ放電処理を除く。)、プラズマグラフト重合処理、金属ナトリウムを用いた湿式エッチング処理等が挙げられる。
表面処理としては、薬液等の副資材を用いず、洗浄等の付加工程も不要である点、およびフィルム表面に接着性官能基を効率よく導入でき、フィルム表面の接着性の改善効果が高い点からは、コロナ放電処理、プラズマ処理またはプラズマグラフト重合処理が好ましく、フィルム表面の接着性の改善効果がさらに高い点から、プラズマ処理およびプラズマグラフト重合処理が特に好ましい。
大気圧プラズマ放電により発生した高エネルギー電子(1~10eV程度)の作用によって、表面材料の結合(金属の場合は表面の酸化層または油膜)の主鎖や側鎖が解離してラジカルとなる。また、空気、水分等の雰囲気ガスの分子も解離しラジカルとなる。この2種類のラジカル同志の再結合反応によって、被処理物表面にヒドロキシ基、カルボニル基、カルボキシ基等の親水性官能基が形成される。その結果、被処理物の表面の自由エネルギーが大きくなり、他の表面との接着・接合が容易になる。
グラフト重合を利用した表面処理としては、プラズマ処理とグラフト重合との組み合わせによって接着性官能基の導入量および種類の制御範囲が広くなる点から、プラズマグラフト重合処理が好ましい。
プラズマグラフト重合処理に用いられる単量体としては、アクリル酸、メタクリル酸、アクリルアミド、アリルアミン、グリシジルメタクリレート等が挙げられる。該単量体を用いて材料を表面処理することによって、フィルム表面にカルボキシ基、アミド基、アミノ基、エポキシ基等の接着性官能基の導入が可能である。
接着性官能基を有する含フッ素重合体のフィルムとしては、接着性官能基を有する含フッ素重合体をフィルム化することにより製造されたフィルムが好ましい。
接着性官能基を有する含フッ素重合体における接着性官能基としては、カルボニル基含有基、ヒドロキシ基、エポキシ基、アミド基、アミノ基およびイソシアネート基からなる群から選択される官能基が好ましい。
含フッ素重合体中の接着性官能基は、1種であってもよく、2種以上であってもよい。
含フッ素重合体中の接着性官能基は、界面における接着性の点から、カルボニル基含有基であることが好ましい。
カルボニル基含有基としては、たとえば、炭化水素基の炭素原子間にカルボニル基を有する基、カーボネート基、カルボキシ基、ハロホルミル基、アルコキシカルボニル基、酸無水物基等が挙げられる。
ハロホルミル基は、-C(=O)-X(ただし、Xはハロゲン原子である。)で表される。ハロホルミル基におけるハロゲン原子としては、フッ素原子、塩素原子等が挙げられ、フッ素原子が好ましい。すなわちハロホルミル基としてはフルオロホルミル基(カルボニルフルオリド基ともいう。)が好ましい。
アルコキシカルボニル基におけるアルコキシ基は、直鎖状であってもよく、分岐状であってもよく、炭素数1~8のアルコキシ基が好ましく、メトキシ基またはエトキシ基が特に好ましい。
本発明における含フッ素重合体は、下記融点を有する含フッ素重合体に限られず、含フッ素エラストマー等の、融点を有しない含フッ素重合体や融点が下記範囲外の融点を有する含フッ素重合体も包含する。本発明における含フッ素重合体としては、下記融点を有する含フッ素重合体が好ましい。
含フッ素エラストマーとしては、テトラフルオロエチレン、ヘキサフルオロプロピレン、フッ化ビニリデン、およびクロロトリフルオロエチレンから選ばれる1種以上の単量体に基づく単位を含むエラストマーが好ましい。具体的には、特開平05-78539号公報等に記載されたテトラフルオロエチレン/プロピレン系共重合体;特開平11-124482号公報等に記載されたフッ化ビニリデン/ヘキサフルオロプロピレン共重合体、フッ化ビニリデン/ヘキサフルオロプロピレン/テトラフルオロエチレン共重合体等;特開2006-089720号公報等に記載されたテトラフルオロエチレンに基づく単位およびペルフルオロ(メチルビニルエーテル)に基づく単位を有する含フッ素重合体等が挙げられる。
融点を有しない含フッ素重合体や融点が下記範囲外の融点を有する含フッ素重合体としては、テトラフルオロエチレン単独重合体や変性テトラフルオロエチレン重合体等が挙げられる。
以下、特に言及しない限り、含フッ素重合体とは上記融点を有する含フッ素重合体をいう。
含フッ素重合体の融点は、含フッ素重合体を構成する単位の種類や割合、含フッ素重合体の分子量等によって調整できる。たとえば、後述する単位(u1)の割合が多くなるほど、融点が上がる傾向がある。
溶融成形が可能な含フッ素重合体としては、公知の溶融成形が可能な含フッ素重合体を使用できる。
接着性官能基を有しない含フッ素重合体としては、テトラフルオロエチレン/ペルフルオロ(アルキルビニルエーテル)共重合体(PFA)、テトラフルオロエチレン/ヘキサフルオロプロピレン共重合体(FEP)、エチレン/テトラフルオロエチレン共重合体(ETFE)、ポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)、ポリクロロトリフルオロエチレン(PCTFE)、エチレン/クロロトリフルオロエチレン共重合体(ECTFE)等が挙げられる。接着性官能基を有しない含フッ素重合体としては、表面処理により効率的に接着性官能基を導入し得ることより、ETFE、PVDF等の炭素原子に結合した水素原子を有する含フッ素重合体が好ましい。
接着性官能基を有する含フッ素重合体としては、接着性官能基を有する単位や接着性官能基を有する末端基を有する、上記含フッ素重合体が挙げられる。具体的には、接着性官能基を有するPFA、接着性官能基を有するFEP、接着性官能基を有するETFE等が挙げられる。
接着性官能基を有する含フッ素重合体は、単量体の重合の際に、接着性官能基を有する単量体を共重合させる、接着性官能基をもたらす連鎖移動剤や重合開始剤を使用して単量体を重合させる、等の方法で製造できる。特に、接着性官能基を有する単量体を共重合させることにより、その単量体単位を有する共重合体を製造して、接着性官能基を有する含フッ素重合体とすることが好ましい。これら方法を併用することもできる。
接着性官能基を有する単量体としては、カルボニル基含有基、ヒドロキシ基、エポキシ基、アミド基、アミノ基またはイソシアネート基を有する単量体が好ましい。カルボニル基含有基としては、酸無水物基およびカルボキシ基が好ましい。具体的には、マレイン酸、イタコン酸、シトラコン酸、ウンデシレン酸等のカルボキシ基を有する単量体、無水イタコン酸(以下、「IAH」とも記す。)、無水シトラコン酸(以下、「CAH」とも記す。)、5-ノルボルネン-2,3-ジカルボン酸無水物(以下、「NAH」とも記す。)、無水マレイン酸等の酸無水物基を有する単量体、ヒドロキシアルキルビニルエーテル、エポキシアルキルビニルエーテル等が挙げられる。
接着性官能基をもたらす連鎖移動剤としては、カルボキシ基、エステル結合、水酸基等を有する連鎖移動剤が好ましい。具体的には、酢酸、無水酢酸、酢酸メチル、エチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール等が挙げられる。
接着性官能基をもたらす重合開始剤としては、ペルオキシカーボネート、ジアシルペルオキシド、ペルオキシエステル等の過酸化物系重合開始剤が好ましい。具体的には、ジ-n-プロピルペルオキシジカーボネート、ジイソプロピルペルオキシカーボネート、tert-ブチルペルオキシイソプロピルカーボネート、ビス(4-tert-ブチルシクロヘキシル)ペルオキシジカーボネート、ジ-2-エチルヘキシルペルオキシジカーボネート等が挙げられる。
含フッ素重合体A:テトラフルオロエチレン(以下、「TFE」とも記す。)またはクロロトリフルオロエチレン(以下、「CTFE」とも記す。)に由来する単位と、酸無水物基を有する環状炭化水素単量体(以下、「酸無水物系単量体」とも記す。)に由来する単位と、含フッ素単量体(ただし、TFEおよびCTFEを除く。)に由来する単位とを有する含フッ素重合体。
なお、以下、TFEまたはCTFEに由来する単位を「単位(u1)」、酸無水物系単量体に由来する単位を「単位(u2)」、上記含フッ素単量体に由来する単位を「単位(u3)」とも記す。
酸無水物系単量体としては、IAH、CAHおよびNAHが好ましい。IAH、CAHおよびNAHのいずれかを用いると、無水マレイン酸を用いた場合に必要となる特殊な重合方法(特開平11-193312号公報参照)を用いることなく、酸無水物基を有する含フッ素重合体Aを容易に製造できる。
酸無水物系単量体としては、界面における接着性にさらに優れる点から、IAHおよびNAHが好ましい。
酸無水物系単量体が重合で消費されるにしたがって、消費された量を連続的または断続的に重合槽内に供給し、該単量体の濃度を前記範囲内に維持することが好ましい。
PAVEとしては、CF2=CFOCF2CF3、CF2=CFOCF2CF2CF3、CF2=CFOCF2CF2CF2CF3、CF2=CFO(CF2)8F等が挙げられ、CF2=CFOCF2CF2CF3(以下、「PPVE」とも記す。)が好ましい。
FAEとしては、CH2=CH(CF2)q1X4(ただし、q1は、2~6であり、2~4が好ましい。)が好ましく、CH2=CH(CF2)2F、CH2=CH(CF2)3F、CH2=CH(CF2)4F、CH2=CF(CF2)3H、CH2=CF(CF2)4Hがより好ましく、CH2=CH(CF2)4F(以下、「PFBE」とも記す。)およびCH2=CH(CF2)2F(以下、「PFEE」とも記す。)が特に好ましい。
非フッ素系単量体としては、重合性炭素-炭素二重結合を1つ有する非フッ素化合物が好ましく、たとえば、オレフィン(エチレン、プロピレン、1-ブテン等)、ビニルエステル(酢酸ビニル等)等が挙げられる。非フッ素系単量体は、1種を単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を併用してもよい。
非フッ素系単量体としては、含フッ素樹脂層の機械的強度等に優れる点から、エチレン、プロピレン、1-ブテンが好ましく、エチレンが特に好ましい。
単位(u1)の割合は、25~80モル%が好ましく、40~65モル%がより好ましく、45~63モル%がさらに好ましい。
単位(u2)の割合は、0.01~5モル%が好ましく、0.03~3モル%がより好ましく、0.05~1モル%がさらに好ましい。
単位(u3)の割合は、0.2~20モル%が好ましく、0.5~15モル%がより好ましく、1~12モル%がさらに好ましい。
単位(u4)の割合は、20~75モル%が好ましく、35~50モル%がより好ましく、37~55モル%がさらに好ましい。
単位(u2)の割合が前記範囲内であれば、含フッ素重合体Aにおける酸無水物基の量が適切になり、成形体における重合体層と、繊維強化樹脂層または金属層との界面における接着性にさらに優れる。
単位(u3)の割合が前記範囲内であれば、含フッ素重合体Aの成形性、重合体層の耐屈曲性等にさらに優れる。
各単位の割合は、含フッ素重合体Aの溶融NMR分析、フッ素含有量分析、赤外吸収スペクトル分析等により算出できる。
含フッ素重合体は、常法により製造できる。単量体の重合によって含フッ素重合体を製造する場合、重合方法としては、ラジカル重合開始剤を用いる重合方法が好ましい。
重合方法としては、塊状重合法、有機溶媒(フッ化炭化水素、塩化炭化水素、フッ化塩化炭化水素、アルコール、炭化水素等)を用いる溶液重合法、水性媒体と必要に応じて適当な有機溶媒とを用いる懸濁重合法、水性媒体と乳化剤とを用いる乳化重合法が挙げられ、溶液重合法が好ましい。
ラジカル重合開始剤としては、アゾ化合物(アゾビスイソブチロニトリル等)、非フッ素系ジアシルペルオキシド(イソブチリルペルオキシド、オクタノイルペルオキシド、ベンゾイルペルオキシド、ラウロイルペルオキシド等)、ペルオキシジカーボネート(ジイソプロピルペルオキシジカ-ボネート等)、ペルオキシエステル(tert-ブチルペルオキシピバレート、tert-ブチルペルオキシイソブチレート、tert-ブチルペルオキシアセテート等)、含フッ素ジアシルペルオキシド((Z(CF2)rCOO)2(ただし、Zは水素原子、フッ素原子または塩素原子であり、rは1~10の整数である。)で表される化合物等)、無機過酸化物(過硫酸カリウム、過硫酸ナトリウム、過硫酸アンモニウム等)等が挙げられる。
連鎖移動剤としては、アルコール(メタノール、エタノール等)、クロロフルオロハイドロカーボン(1,3-ジクロロ-1,1,2,2,3-ペンタフルオロプロパン、1,1-ジクロロ-1-フルオロエタン等)、炭化水素(ペンタン、ヘキサン、シクロヘキサン等)が挙げられる。
ペルフルオロカーボンの具体例としては、ペルフルオロシクロブタン、ペルフルオロペンタン、ペルフルオロヘキサン、ペルフルオロシクロペンタン、ペルフルオロシクロヘキサン等が挙げられる。
ヒドロフルオロカーボンの具体例としては、1-ヒドロペルフルオロヘキサン等が挙げられる。
クロロヒドロフルオロカーボンの具体例としては、1,3-ジクロロ-1,1,2,2,3-ペンタフルオロプロパン等が挙げられる。
ヒドロフルオロエーテルの具体例としては、メチルペルフルオロブチルエーテル、2,2,2-トリフルオロエチル2,2,1,1-テトラフルオロエチルエーテル等が挙げられる。
重合圧力は、0.1~10MPa[gage]が好ましく、0.5~3MPa[gage]がより好ましい。
重合時間は、1~30時間が好ましい。
含フッ素重合体以外の樹脂としては、たとえば、ポリエステル、ポリオレフィン、スチレン系樹脂、ウレタン樹脂、ポリオキシメチレン、ポリアミド、ポリカーボネート、ポリメチルメタクリレート、ポリ塩化ビニル、ポリフェニレンスルフィド、ポリフェニレンエーテル、変性ポリフェニレンエーテル、ポリイミド、ポリアミドイミド、ポリエーテルイミド、ポリスルホン、変性ポリスルホン、ポリエーテルスルホン、ポリケトン、ポリエーテルケトン、ポリエーテルエーテルケトン、ポリエーテルケトンケトン、ポリアリレート、ポリエーテルニトリル、フェノール樹脂、フェノキシ樹脂等が挙げられる。
無機フィラーとしては、シリカ、クレー、タルク、炭酸カルシウム、マイカ、珪藻土、アルミナ、酸化亜鉛、酸化チタン、酸化カルシウム、酸化マグネシウム、酸化鉄、酸化錫、酸化アンチモン、水酸化カルシウム、水酸化マグネシウム、水酸化アルミニウム、塩基性炭酸マグネシウム、炭酸マグネシウム、炭酸亜鉛、炭酸バリウム、ドーソナイト、ハイドロタルサイト、硫酸カルシウム、硫酸バリウム、珪酸カルシウム、モンモリロナイト、ベントナイト、活性白土、セピオライト、イモゴライト、セリサイト、ガラス繊維、ガラスビーズ、シリカ系バルーン、カーボンブラック、カーボンナノチューブ、カーボンナノホーン、グラファイト、炭素繊維、ガラスバルーン、炭素バルーン、木粉、ホウ酸亜鉛等が挙げられる。無機フィラーは、1種を単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を併用してもよい。
無機フィラーは、樹脂への分散性の向上の点から、シランカップリング剤、チタネートカップリング剤等の表面処理剤による表面処理が施されてもよい。
本発明の積層基材が金属層を有する場合、金属層は金属フィルムからなる層であることが好ましい。金属層は、また、表面に金属メッキ層を有する樹脂フィルムなどの、金属フィルム以外の金属表面を有するフィルムから構成された層であってもよい。
金属層は、繊維強化樹脂層との界面の接着性が充分に得られないことから、表面に接着性官能基が存在する重合体層を介してプリプレグ層と積層させる。
金属層は積層基材の表面層として存在していてもよく、積層基材の内部層として存在していてもよい。金属層を有する積層基材としては、少なくとも片面が金属層からなる積層基材が好ましい。
金属としては、鉄、ステンレス、アルミニウム、銅、黄銅、ニッケル、亜鉛、チタン、またはこれらの金属の合金等が挙げられる。金属層における金属の種類は、成形体の用途に応じて適宜選択すればよい。たとえば、電子機器、電気機器のプリント配線板に成形体を用いる場合、銅または銅合金、ステンレス鋼、ニッケルまたはニッケル合金(42合金も含む。)、アルミニウムまたはアルミニウム合金が挙げられる。電子機器、電気機器のプリント配線板に用いられる通常の成形体においては、圧延銅箔、電解銅箔等の銅フィルムが多用されており、本発明においても銅フィルムからなる金属層を有することが好適である。
金属フィルムの厚さは、特に限定されず、成形体の用途に応じて、充分な機能が発揮できる厚さであればよい。好ましくは、1~500μmであり、10~200μmがより好ましい。
以上説明した本発明の積層基材にあっては、上記特定の重合体層を有するため、難燃性および耐薬品性に優れる成形体を製造できる。
また、溶融成形可能な含フッ素重合体を含む重合体層を有する積層基材にあっては、従来の熱可塑性樹脂シートを配置した積層基材と同様に、成形性が改善される。そのため、本発明の積層基材を用いることによって、複雑な形状を適用可能な成形体を製造できる。
また、以上説明した本発明の積層基材にあっては、重合体層表面に接着性官能基を有することにより、繊維強化樹脂層と重合体層との界面、および重合体層と金属層との界面の接着性に優れる成形体を製造できる。
本発明の成形体の製造方法は、本発明の積層基材を加熱しながら成形することを特徴とする。
図5は、本発明の成形体の製造方法の一例を示す断面図である。
図5の1段目に示すように、金型以外の場所であらかじめ作製されたまたは下金型34の上で作製された積層基材10を、下金型34に接するように上金型32および下金型34からなる一対の金型30の間に配置する。
ついで、図5の2段目に示すように、積層基材10を上金型32と下金型34との間に挟んだ状態で予備加熱する。
ついで、図5の3段目に示すように、上金型32と下金型34とを型締めして、積層基材10を加熱しながら加圧成形して、金型の形状に沿った形状を有する成形体20を得る。
複雑な形状を有する金型としては、凹凸形状、深絞り形状等を有する金型が挙げられる。凹凸形状および深絞り形状におけるコーナー部分は、所定の曲率半径を有するR部とされていることが好ましい。R部の曲率半径は、強化繊維の乱れを抑え、成形体の外観を良好にする点から、0.1~10mmが好ましく、1~6mmがより好ましく、2~5mmがさらに好ましい。
金型の材料としては、鋼材が挙げられ、耐摩耗性の高い超高合金が好ましい。金型は、耐摩耗性の点から、表面処理(表面窒化処理等)が施されていてもよい。
予備加熱の時間は、たとえば、積層基材の重合体層に充分に金型の熱が伝わって、適度に軟化するまでの時間とする。
以上説明した本発明の成形体の製造方法にあっては、本発明の積層基材を用いているため、難燃性および耐薬品性に優れ、かつ複雑な形状を適用可能な成形体を製造できる。また、得られる成形体は、含フッ素重合体を含むため、含フッ素重合体に由来する特性(撥水性、耐候性等)を有する。
成形体の用途としては、たとえば、下記のものが挙げられる。
電気・電子機器(パソコン、ディスプレイ、OA機器、携帯電話、携帯情報端末、ファクシミリ、コンパクトディスク、ポータブルMD、携帯用ラジオカセット、PDA(電子手帳等の携帯情報端末)、ビデオカメラ、デジタルスチルカメラ、光学機器、オーディオ、エアコン、照明機器、娯楽用品、玩具用品、その他家電製品等)の筐体、内部部材(トレイ、シャーシ等)、内部部材のケース、電池パックの筐体、機構部品等。
建材(パネル)等。
自動車、二輪車関連部品、部材および外板:モーター部品、オルタネーターターミナル、オルタネーターコネクター、ICレギュレーター、ライトディヤー用ポテンショメーターベース、サスペンション部品、各種バルブ(排気ガスバルブ等)、燃料関係、排気系または吸気系各種パイプ、エアーインテークノズルスノーケル、インテークマニホールド、各種アーム、各種フレーム、各種ヒンジ、各種軸受、燃料ポンプ、ガソリンタンク、CNGタンク、エンジン冷却水ジョイント、キャブレターメインボディー、キャブレタースペーサー、排気ガスセンサー、冷却水センサー、油温センサー、ブレーキパットウェアーセンサー、スロットルポジションセンサー、クランクシャフトポジションセンサー、エアーフローメーター、ブレーキパッド磨耗センサー、エアコン用サーモスタットベース、暖房温風フローコントロールバルブ、ラジエーターモーター用ブラッシュホルダー、ウォーターポンプインペラー、タービンべイン、ワイパーモーター関係部品、ディストリビュター、スタータースィッチ、スターターリレー、トランスミッション用ワイヤーハーネス、ウィンドウォッシャーノズル、エアコンパネルスィッチ基板、燃料関係電磁気弁用コイル、ヒューズ用コネクター、バッテリートレイ、ATブラケット、ヘッドランプサポート、ペダルハウジング、ハンドル、ドアビーム、プロテクター、シャーシ、フレーム、アームレスト、ホーンターミナル、ステップモーターローター、ランプソケット、ランプリフレクター、ランプハウジング、ブレーキピストン、ノイズシールド、ラジエターサポート、スペアタイヤカバー、シートシェル、ソレノイドボビン、エンジンオイルフィルター、点火装置ケース、アンダーカバー、スカッフプレート、ピラートリム、プロペラシャフト、ホイール、フェンダー、フェイシャー、バンパー、バンパービーム、ボンネット、エアロパーツ、プラットフォーム、カウルルーバー、ルーフ、インストルメントパネル、スポイラー、各種モジュール等。
航空機関連部品、部材および外板:ランディングギアポッド、ウィングレット、スポイラー、エッジ、ラダー、エレベーター、フェイリング、リブ等。
その他:風車の羽根等。
成形体は、特に、航空機部材、風車の羽根、自動車外板および電子機器の筐体、トレイ、シャーシ等に好ましく用いられる。
また、成形体は、特に、電池パックの筐体にも好ましく用いられる。
重合体における単位の割合は、溶融NMR分析、フッ素含有量分析および赤外吸収スペクトル分析により求めた。
なお、各単量体単位は単量体名で記す。エチレン単位は「E」で表した。
下記の赤外吸収スペクトル分析によって、含フッ素重合体における、酸無水物系単量体単位の割合を求めた。
NAH単位:
含フッ素重合体をプレス成形して200μmのフィルムを得た。赤外吸収スペクトルにおいて、含フッ素重合体中のNAH単位における吸収ピークは、1778cm-1に現れる。該吸収ピークの吸光度を測定し、NAHのモル吸光係数20810mol-1・l・cm-1を用いて、NAH単位の割合(モル%)を求めた。
前記割合をa(モル%)とすると、主鎖炭素数1×106個に対する酸無水物基の個数は、[a×106/100]個と算出される。
IAH単位:
赤外吸収スペクトルにおいて、含フッ素重合体中のIAH単位におけるC=O伸縮振動の吸収ピーク1870cm-1に現れる。M=a・h/tの関係式を用いてIAH単位の含有量M(モル%)を算出した。ここで、hは1870cm-1における吸光ピークの高さで、tはフィルムの厚み(単位mm)、aは係数である。aとしては、IAHをモデル化合物として決定したa=0.30を用いた。
示差走査熱量計(DSC装置、セイコーインスツル社製)を用い、重合体を10℃/分の速度で昇温したときの融解ピークを記録し、極大値に対応する温度(℃)を融点とした。
メルトインデクサー(テクノセブン社製)を用い、後述する温度、荷重の条件下で直径2mm、長さ8mmのノズルから、10分間に流出する重合体の質量(g)を測定した。
繊維強化樹脂層と重合体層との界面:
成形体を長さ100mm、幅10mmの大きさに切断し、試験片を作製した。試験片の長さ方向の一端から50mmの位置まで繊維強化樹脂層と重合体層とを剥離した。ついで、試験片の長さ方向の一端から50mmの位置を中央にして、引張り試験機(オリエンテック社製)を用いて、引張り速度50mm/分で180度剥離し、最大荷重を剥離強度(N/cm)とした。剥離強度が大きいほど、繊維強化樹脂層と重合体層との間の接着性が優れていることを示す。
成形体を長さ100mm、幅10mmの大きさに切断し、試験片を作製した。試験片の長さ方向の一端から50mmの位置まで金属層と重合体層とを剥離した。ついで、試験片の長さ方向の一端から50mmの位置を中央にして、引張り試験機(オリエンテック社製)を用いて、引張り速度50mm/分で90度剥離し、最大荷重を剥離強度(N/cm)とした。剥離強度が大きいほど、金属層と重合体層との間の接着性が優れていることを示す。
成形体を幅13mm、長さ130mm、厚み1.5mmに切削し試験片を作製し、UL94HBに準拠した燃焼試験を実施した。評価の判定としては、試験片の長さ方向の一端を燃焼させ、一端から25mmの位置から100mmの位置までの燃焼速度が遅いほど良い結果となる。また燃焼が自然に消火されることを最も良しとする。
撹拌機およびジャケットを備えた内容積1.3Lのステンレス製重合槽を真空引きした後、CF3CH2OCF2CF2Hの825g、PFBEの3.2gを仕込み、重合槽内部を撹拌しながら、HFPの350g、TFEの118g、エチレンの2.9gを仕込んだ後、ジャケットに温水を流して重合槽内温を66℃にした。重合槽内圧力は1.47MPa[gage]であった。内温が安定してから、tert-ブチルペルオキシピバレートの5質量%CF3CH2OCF2CF2H溶液の7.4mLを圧入し、重合を開始した。重合中、内圧が1.47MPa[gage]で一定になるよう、TFE/エチレン=54/46モル比の混合ガスを添加した。重合中に添加されるTFE/エチレン混合ガスが5g消費されるたびに、PFBEの7.1質量%およびIAHの1.3質量%を含むCF3CH2OCF2CF2H溶液の2mLを添加した。反応開始から370分後、TFE/エチレン=54/46モル比の混合ガスの70gを添加したところで重合槽を冷却し、重合を終了した。
重合槽から未反応単量体のガスを大気圧までパージし、スラリーを内容積2Lの容器に移し、スラリーと同体積の水を加えた。加熱(20~73℃)しながら、重合媒体および未反応単量体と、重合体とを分離した。得られた重合体を120℃のオーブンで乾燥し、白色粉末状の含フッ素重合体(1)を得た。
含フッ素重合体(1)における各単位の割合は、TFE/IAH/HFP/PFBE/E=47.5/0.3/8.3/0.6/43.4モル%であり、接着性官能基の含有量は、主鎖炭素数1×106個に対し1504個であった。含フッ素重合体(1)の融点は、183℃であり、235℃、荷重21Nの条件下における溶融流れ速度は、4.0g/10分であった。
国際公開第2015/182702号の実施例1と同様に合成を行い、含フッ素重合体(2)を得た。含フッ素重合体(2)における各単位の割合は、TFE/IAH/PFBE/E=58.5/0.1/2.4/39モル%であり、接着性官能基の含有量は、主鎖炭素数1×106個に対し3000個であり、融点は、245℃であり、297℃、荷重49Nの条件下における溶融流れ速度は、22g/10分であった。
国際公開第2016/017801号の[0124]と同様に合成を行い、含フッ素重合体(3)を得た。含フッ素重合体(3)における各単位の割合は、TFE/NAH/PPVE=97.9/0.1/2.0モル%であり、含フッ素重合体(3)中の接着性官能基の含有量は、主鎖炭素数1×106個に対し1000個であり、融点は、300℃であり、372℃、荷重49Nの条件下における溶融流れ速度は、17.6g/10分であった。
含フッ素重合体(4)として、接着性官能基を有しない市販のETFEを用いた。含フッ素重合体(4)の単位の割合は、TFE/PFBE/E=60/3.3/40(モル比)、融点は225℃、297℃、荷重49Nの条件下における溶融流れ速度は25g/10分である。
また、含フッ素重合体(5)として、接着性官能基を有しない市販のPFAを用いた。含フッ素重合体(5)の単位の割合は、TFE/PPVE=98.5/1.5(モル比)、融点は310℃、372℃、荷重49Nの条件下における溶融流れ速度は12.0g/10分である。
含フッ素重合体(1)を、750mm巾コートハンガーダイを有する30mmφ単軸押出機を用いてダイ温度220℃で押出成形し、厚さ100μmの重合体フィルム(1)を得た。
上記と同じ単軸押出機を用いて、下記の重合体フィルムを製造した。
重合体フィルム(2):含フッ素重合体(4)を、ダイ温度300℃で押出成形して得られた、厚さ100μmのフィルム
重合体フィルム(3):含フッ素重合体(2)を、ダイ温度280℃で押出成形して得られた、厚さ100μmのフィルム
重合体フィルム(4):含フッ素重合体(3)を、ダイ温度340℃で押出成形して得られた、厚さ100μmのフィルム
重合体フィルム(5):含フッ素重合体(5)を、ダイ温度340℃で押出成形して得られた、厚さ100μmのフィルム
重合体フィルム(2)の両面に、容量結合型電極方式の連続処理装置を用いて、表面処理を施した。パルス変調交流高電圧(20kHz、24kV)の条件で、いわゆるグライディングアーク放電を発生させ、この放電により大気圧低温プラズマ(温度80℃以下)を搬送装置(コンベヤ)上の重合体フィルム(2)の表面に作用させて表面処理を行い、重合体フィルム(6)を得た。表面のカルボニル基をATR-IRにより測定したところ、1790cm-1にブロードなカルボニル基由来の吸収ピークが確認された。官能基の導入量は、下式で求めた、1450cm-1のCH伸縮ピークのピーク高さに対する吸収ピーク比で0.21であった。
吸収ピーク比=log(1790cm-1のピーク高さ))/log(1450cm-1のピーク高さ)
重合体フィルム(2)の両面に、容量結合型電極方式の連続処理装置を用いて、表面処理を施した。重合体フィルム(6)と同様に表面処理を行いつつ、系中上流にアクリル酸を含むアルゴンガスを供給し、プラズマグラフト重合処理によって、重合体フィルム(7)を得た。表面のカルボニル基をATR-IRにより測定したところ、1785cm-1にアクリル酸由来と考えられるシャープなカルボニル基由来の吸収ピークが確認された。官能基の導入量は、前記吸収ピーク比で0.15であった。
重合体フィルム(8):アクリルアミドを使用して得られた、表面にアミド基を有するフィルム
重合体フィルム(9):グリシジルメタクリレートを使用して得られた、表面にエポキシ基を有するフィルム
重合体フィルム(10):アリルアミンを使用して得られた、表面にアミノ基を有するフィルム
プリプレグ(P-1):三菱レイヨン社製、TR3110 381GMX(厚さ:223μm、強化繊維:炭素繊維、樹脂マトリックス:熱硬化性樹脂)
プリプレグ(P-2):一村産業社製(厚さ:270μm、強化繊維:炭素繊維、樹脂マトリックス:ポリアミド6)
プリプレグ(P-3):一村産業社製(厚さ:280μm、強化繊維:炭素繊維、樹脂マトリックス:ポリフェニレンサルファイド)
金属フィルム(1):福田金属箔粉社製電解銅箔、CF-T4X-SVR-12(厚さ:12μm、表面粗さ(Rz):1.2μm)
金属フィルム(2):ニラコ社製チタン箔、TI-453262(厚さ:50μm)
重合体フィルム(1)とプリプレグ(P-1)とを積み重ねた積層基材を、熱プレス装置(テスター産業社製)用い、プレス温度150℃、プレス時間10分、面圧4.8MPaの条件にて加圧、加熱して成形体を得た。結果を表1に示す。
(例1-2)
プレス温度を180℃とした以外は例1-1と同様にして成形体を得た。結果を表1に示す。
(例1-3)
プレス温度を200℃とした以外は例1-1と同様にして成形体を得た。結果を表1に示す。
(例1-4)
プレス温度を220℃とした以外は例1-1と同様にして成形体を得た。結果を表1に示す。
(例1-5)
金属フィルム(1)、重合体フィルム(1)、プリプレグ(P-1)をこの順に積み重ねた積層基材を、温度220℃、圧力3MPaの条件で60分間真空プレスし、成形体を得た。結果を表1に示す。
重合体フィルム(1)を重合体フィルム(2)に変更した以外は例1と同様にして成形体を得た。繊維強化樹脂層と重合体層とが接着していないため、剥離強度を測定できなかった。結果を表1に示す。
(例1-7)
プレス温度を220℃とした以外は例1-6と同様にして成形体を得た。結果を表1に示す。
(例1-8)
プレス温度を240℃とした以外は例1-6と同様にして成形体を得た。結果を表1に示す。
(例1-9)
金属フィルム(1)を金属フィルム(2)とした以外は例1-5と同様にして成形体を得た。結果を表1に示す。
(例1-10)
重合体フィルム(1)を重合体フィルム(6)に変更した以外は例1-2と同様にして成形体を得た。結果を表1に示す。
重合体フィルム(1)を重合体フィルム(6)に変更し、プレス温度を180℃に変更した以外は例1-5と同様にして成形体を得た。結果を表1に示す。
(例1-12)
重合体フィルム(1)を重合体フィルム(7)に変更した以外は例1-2と同様にして成形体を得た。結果を表1に示す。
(例1-13)
重合体フィルム(1)を重合体フィルム(7)に変更し、プレス温度を180℃に変更した以外は例1-5と同様にして成形体を得た。結果を表1に示す。
(例1-14)
重合体フィルム(1)を重合体フィルム(8)に変更した以外は例1-2と同様にして成形体を得た。結果を表1に示す。
(例1-15)
重合体フィルム(1)を重合体フィルム(9)に変更した以外は例1-2と同様にして成形体を得た。結果を表1に示す。
(例1-16)
重合体フィルム(1)を重合体フィルム(10)に変更した以外は例1-2と同様にして成形体を得た。結果を表1に示す。
一方、接着性官能基を有しない含フッ素重合体を含む重合体層を有する例1-6~1-8の成形体は、繊維強化樹脂層と重合体層との界面の接着性が不充分である。
重合体フィルム(1)とプリプレグ(P-2)とを積み重ねた積層基材を、熱プレス装置(テスター産業社製)用い、プレス温度240℃、プレス時間10分、面圧3.0MPaの条件にて加圧、加熱して成形体を得た。結果を表2に示す。
重合体フィルム、プリプレグを表2に示すものに変更し、プレス条件を表2に示す条件に変更した以外は例2-1と同様にして成形体を得た。結果を表2に示す。
なお、例2-5、例2-6は、プリプレグ(P-2)を6枚積層して表2に示す条件で実施している。
表2中の「>20」は、剥離強度が20N/cmを超えると剥離時に重合体フィルムが破けるため、これ以上の値を測定できなかったことを意味する。
プリプレグ(P-2)の6枚と重合体フィルム(1)の2枚を用意した。プリプレグ(P-2)の6枚積層の外側両面に重合体フィルム(1)を配置して挟み積み重ねた積層基材を、厚さ1.5mmのスペーサーを使用した金型にセットし、熱プレス装置(テスター産業社製)用い、プレス温度240℃、プレス時間10分、面圧3.0MPaの条件にて加圧、加熱して成形体を得た。成形体から試験片を作製し、燃焼試験を実施した。結果を表3に示す。
重合体フィルムを表3に示すものに変更し、プレス条件を表3に示す条件に変更した以外は例3-1と同様にして成形体および試験片を得て、燃焼試験を実施した。結果を表3に示す。
(例3-3)
重合体フィルムを用いない以外は例3-1と同様にして成形体および試験片を得て、燃焼試験を実施した。結果を表3に示す。
また、表3に示すように、接着性官能基を有する含フッ素重合体のフィルムを用いることにより、成形体は高い難燃性を示した。
なお、2015年8月20日に出願された日本特許出願2015-162453号、2016年3月25日に出願された日本特許出願2016-062561号および2016年6月17日に出願された日本特許出願2016-121231号の明細書、特許請求の範囲、要約書および図面の全内容をここに引用し、本発明の明細書の開示として、取り入れるものである。
Claims (15)
- 強化繊維シートと樹脂マトリックスを含むプリプレグ層の少なくとも1層と、含フッ素重合体を含む重合体層の少なくとも1層とを有する積層基材であって、前記プリプレグ層と前記重合体層とが接する界面が少なくとも1つ存在し、前記界面における前記重合体層の表面に接着性官能基が存在することを特徴とする積層基材。
- 前記重合体層が接着性官能基を有する含フッ素重合体を含む、請求項1に記載の積層基材。
- 前記接着性官能基を有する含フッ素重合体が、カルボニル基含有基、ヒドロキシ基、エポキシ基、アミド基、アミノ基およびイソシアネート基からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の官能基を有する含フッ素重合体である、請求項2に記載の積層基材。
- 前記重合体層が、表面に接着性官能基が導入された含フッ素重合体のフィルムからなる、請求項1に記載の積層基材。
- 前記フィルムが、フィルム表面にプラズマ処理またはプラズマグラフト重合処理を施して接着性官能基を導入したフィルムである、請求項4に記載の積層基材。
- 前記積層基材がさらに金属層の少なくとも1層を有し、該金属層と前記重合体層とが接する界面が少なくとも1つ存在し、前記金属層と前記重合体層とが接する界面における前記重合体層の表面に前記接着性官能基が存在する、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の積層基材。
- 前記積層基材の少なくとも片面が金属層からなる、請求項6に記載の積層基材。
- 前記含フッ素重合体が融点を有し、該融点が100~325℃である、請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の積層基材。
- 前記重合体層の厚さが、10μm以上である、請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の積層基材。
- 前記樹脂マトリックスが、未硬化の硬化性樹脂を含む樹脂マトリックスである、請求項1~9のいずれか一項に記載の積層基材。
- 前記樹脂マトリックスが、熱可塑性樹脂を含む樹脂マトリックスである、請求項1~9のいずれか一項に記載の積層基材。
- 請求項1~11のいずれか一項に記載の積層基材を加熱しながら成形する、成形体の製造方法。
- 前記積層基材が接着性官能基を有する含フッ素重合体を含む重合体層を有し、成形温度が前記含フッ素重合体の融点以上の温度であり、かつ樹脂マトリックスが未硬化の硬化性樹脂を含む場合は該硬化性樹脂の硬化温度以上である、請求項12に記載の製造方法。
- 前記積層基材が表面に接着性官能基が導入された含フッ素重合体のフィルムからなる重合体層を有し、成形温度が該含フッ素重合体の融点未満の温度であり、かつ樹脂マトリックスが未硬化の硬化性樹脂を含む場合は該硬化性樹脂の硬化温度以上である、請求項12に記載の製造方法。
- 成形体中のプリプレグ層に由来する繊維強化樹脂層と重合体層との界面における剥離強度が5N/cm以上である、請求項12~14のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。
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JPWO2017030190A1 (ja) | 2018-05-31 |
CN107921732B (zh) | 2019-08-13 |
KR20180042236A (ko) | 2018-04-25 |
EP3339016A1 (en) | 2018-06-27 |
EP3339016A4 (en) | 2019-05-01 |
JP6876272B2 (ja) | 2021-05-26 |
CN107921732A (zh) | 2018-04-17 |
KR102581554B1 (ko) | 2023-09-21 |
TW201718214A (zh) | 2017-06-01 |
TWI750132B (zh) | 2021-12-21 |
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