WO2015005116A1 - 樹脂集電体用分散剤、樹脂集電体用材料及び樹脂集電体 - Google Patents
樹脂集電体用分散剤、樹脂集電体用材料及び樹脂集電体 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015005116A1 WO2015005116A1 PCT/JP2014/066866 JP2014066866W WO2015005116A1 WO 2015005116 A1 WO2015005116 A1 WO 2015005116A1 JP 2014066866 W JP2014066866 W JP 2014066866W WO 2015005116 A1 WO2015005116 A1 WO 2015005116A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/668—Composites of electroconductive material and synthetic resins
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F255/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of hydrocarbons as defined in group C08F10/00
- C08F255/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of hydrocarbons as defined in group C08F10/00 on to polymers of olefins having two or three carbon atoms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F255/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of hydrocarbons as defined in group C08F10/00
- C08F255/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of hydrocarbons as defined in group C08F10/00 on to polymers of olefins having two or three carbon atoms
- C08F255/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of hydrocarbons as defined in group C08F10/00 on to polymers of olefins having two or three carbon atoms on to ethene-propene copolymers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F293/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerisation on to a macromolecule having groups capable of inducing the formation of new polymer chains bound exclusively at one or both ends of the starting macromolecule
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
- C08F8/50—Partial depolymerisation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/02—Elements
- C08K3/08—Metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L23/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
- C08L23/06—Polyethene
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L23/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of propene
- C08L23/12—Polypropene
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L51/00—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L51/06—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers grafted on to homopolymers or copolymers of aliphatic hydrocarbons containing only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L67/00—Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L67/00—Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L67/04—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids, e.g. lactones
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L69/00—Compositions of polycarbonates; Compositions of derivatives of polycarbonates
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/20—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
- H01B1/22—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material the conductive material comprising metals or alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/20—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
- H01B1/24—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material the conductive material comprising carbon-silicon compounds, carbon or silicon
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a dispersant for a resin current collector, a material for a resin current collector, and a resin current collector.
- a lithium ion secondary battery is configured by applying a positive electrode or a negative electrode active material or the like to a positive electrode or negative electrode current collector using a binder.
- a positive electrode active material or the like is applied to one surface of the current collector using a binder and a positive electrode layer is applied to the opposite surface, and a negative electrode active material or the like is applied to the opposite surface using a binder.
- a bipolar electrode having a negative electrode layer is formed.
- a metal foil metal current collector foil
- a so-called resin current collector composed of a resin to which metal powder is added instead of metal foil
- the conventional resin current collector has problems such as insufficient dispersibility of the conductive filler and deterioration of battery performance such as charge / discharge characteristics.
- dispersants carboxymethyl cellulose, surfactants, etc.
- the present invention is a characteristic of a resin current collector, for a resin current collector that can uniformly disperse conductive fillers and exhibit sufficient charge / discharge characteristics without impairing the output per unit weight of the battery due to weight reduction. It is an object to provide a dispersant, a resin current collector material, and a resin current collector.
- the present invention is a dispersant for a resin current collector comprising a polymer having a parent resin block (A1) and a parent conductive filler block (A2), wherein the parent resin block (A1) has a carbon number.
- the dispersant for resin current collector and the material for resin current collector of the present invention can provide a resin current collector in which conductive fillers are uniformly dispersed, and exhibit sufficient charge / discharge characteristics as a battery. Can do.
- the dispersant for a resin current collector (A) of the present invention is a dispersant for a resin current collector comprising a polymer having a parent resin block (A1) and a parent conductive filler block (A2).
- the resin block (A1) is a polymer block having an olefin (a1) having 2 to 30 carbon atoms as an essential constituent monomer, and the functional group of the parent conductive filler block (A2) is a carboxyl group, It is at least one selected from the group consisting of 3-dioxo-2-oxapropylene group, ester group, cyano group, hydroxyl group, amino group, amide group and imide group, or the parent resin block (A1) and the parent conductor
- the polymer having a conductive filler block (A2) is a ring-opening polymerization type polyester, a dehydration condensation type polyester, or a polycarbonate.
- the parent resin block (A1) refers to the solubility parameter (hereinafter abbreviated as SP value) of the parent resin block (A1) described later and the resin (B).
- SP value solubility parameter
- the parent resin block (A1) in the present invention is a polymer block having an olefin (a1) having 2 to 30 carbon atoms as an essential constituent monomer.
- Examples of the polymer block having an olefin (a1) having 2 to 30 carbon atoms as an essential constituent monomer include a polymer block obtained by (co) polymerizing one or more of the monomers (a1), and a monomer.
- a polymer block obtained by copolymerizing one or more of (a1) and one or more of other monomers (b1) is included.
- the olefin having 2 to 30 carbon atoms (a1) includes alkenes having 2 to 30 carbon atoms (hereinafter abbreviated as C), such as those having C2 to 3 ⁇ ethylene and propylene ⁇ and C4 to 30 ⁇ -Olefins ⁇ 1-butene, isobutene, 1-hexene, 1-decene, 1-dodecene, etc. ⁇ and the like.
- the other monomer (b1) is a C4-30 unsaturated monomer having a copolymerizability with an olefin (a1) having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, and includes (a1) and an ethylenically unsaturated group described later. Those other than the saturated monomer (a2) are included, such as styrene and vinyl acetate.
- the parent resin block (A1) includes the following (A11) to (A14).
- (A13) Polymer block comprising ethylene and propylene as essential constituent monomers For example, a polymer block obtained by copolymerizing ethylene and propylene, and copolymerizing ethylene and propylene with C4-30 ⁇ -olefin and / or (b1) Polymer blocks and the like.
- (A14) Polymer block having C4-30 olefin as an essential constituent monomer Examples include polybutene. Of these, (A11) to (A13) are preferable from the viewpoint of battery characteristics, more preferably polyethylene, polypropylene, a polymer block obtained by copolymerizing ethylene and propylene, and a polymer block obtained by copolymerizing propylene and (b1). More preferred are polyethylene, polypropylene and polymer blocks obtained by copolymerizing ethylene and propylene.
- the functional groups possessed by the parent conductive filler block (A2) in the present invention are carboxyl group (—COOH), 1,3-dioxo-2-oxapropylene group (—CO—O—CO—), ester group (—COO). -), A cyano group (-CN), a hydroxyl group (-OH), an amino group (-NHR; R is a hydrogen atom or an arbitrary substituent.
- amide group and an imide group an amide group (-NR- CO—) and at least one selected from the group consisting of imide groups (—CO—NR—CO—).
- the parent conductive filler block (A2) is composed only of a carboxyl group, 1,3-dioxo-2-oxapropylene group, ester group, cyano group, hydroxyl group, amino group, amide group or imide group. And at least one functional group selected from the group consisting of a carboxyl group, 1,3-dioxo-2-oxapropylene group, ester group, cyano group, hydroxyl group, amino group, amide group, and imide group; You may be comprised from the 1 or more carbon atom couple
- the parent conductive filler block (A2) is selected from the group consisting of carboxyl group, 1,3-dioxo-2-oxapropylene group, ester group, cyano group, hydroxyl group, amino group, amide group and imide group.
- a polymer block having an ethylenically unsaturated monomer (a2) having at least one functional group as an essential constituent monomer may be used.
- Ethylenic unsaturation having at least one functional group selected from the group consisting of carboxyl group, 1,3-dioxo-2-oxapropylene group, ester group, cyano group, hydroxyl group, amino group, amide group and imide group By using the monomer (a2) as a raw material monomer, a group consisting of a carboxyl group, 1,3-dioxo-2-oxapropylene group, ester group, cyano group, hydroxyl group, amino group, amide group and imide group
- a polymer block having at least one kind of functional group selected, that is, the parent conductive filler block (A2) can be easily introduced into the polymer.
- A2 includes an ethylenically unsaturated monomer (a21) having a carboxyl group, an ethylenically unsaturated monomer (a22) having a 1,3-dioxo-2-oxapropylene group, and an ethylenically unsaturated monomer having an ester group (A23), an ethylenically unsaturated monomer having a cyano group (a24), an ethylenically unsaturated monomer having a hydroxyl group (a25), an ethylenically unsaturated monomer having an amino group (a26), an ethylenically unsaturated monomer having an amide group
- Examples include a saturated monomer (a27), an ethylenically unsaturated monomer (a28) having an imide group, and an ethylenically unsaturated monomer (a29) having two or more functional groups among the above functional groups.
- Examples of the ethylenically unsaturated monomer (a21) having a carboxyl group include monocarboxylic acids [C3-15, such as (meth) acrylic acid, crotonic acid and cinnamic acid], dicarboxylic acids [of aliphatic compounds (C4-24). For example, maleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, citraconic acid and mesaconic acid), aromatic compounds (including those of C10-24, such as dicarboxystyrene) and alicyclic compounds (C8-24).
- dicarboxycyclohexene and dicarboxycycloheptene trivalent to tetravalent or higher polycarboxylic acids [including aliphatic compounds (C6-24, such as aconitic acid) ) As well as alicyclic (C7-24) such as tricarboxycyclopentene, tricarboxycyclohexene and Tricarboxycyclooctene and the like], alkyl (C1-18) esters of polycarboxylic acids (maleic acid monomethyl ester, fumaric acid monoethyl ester, itaconic acid mono-t-butyl ester, mesaconic acid monodecyl ester, dicarboxyl Cycloheptene didodecyl ester and the like) and salts thereof ⁇ alkali metal salts and ammonium salts ⁇ and the like.
- polycarboxylic acids including aliphatic compounds (C6-24, such as aconitic acid)
- Examples of the ethylenically unsaturated monomer (a22) having a 1,3-dioxo-2-oxapropylene group include the above dicarboxylic acid or polycarboxylic acid anhydrides (C4-24, such as maleic anhydride, itaconic anhydride, citraconic anhydride). Acid and aconitic anhydride).
- Examples of the ethylenically unsaturated monomer (a23) having an ester group include methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, propyl (meth) acrylate, and butyl (meth) acrylate.
- “(meth) acrylate” means acrylate and / or methacrylate.
- Examples of the ethylenically unsaturated monomer (a24) having a cyano group include (meth) acrylonitrile.
- Examples of the ethylenically unsaturated monomer (a25) having a hydroxyl group include those having C4 to 20, specifically, hydroxystyrene, hydroxymethyl (meth) acrylate, hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, hydroxypropyl (meth) ) Acrylate, (meth) allyl alcohol, 1-buten-3-ol, 2-buten-1-ol, 2-butene-1,4-diol, propargyl alcohol, 2-hydroxyethylpropenyl ether, and the like.
- Examples of the ethylenically unsaturated monomer (a26) containing an amino group include C5-15 primary or secondary amino group-containing (meth) acrylate [aminoalkyl (C1-6) (meth) acrylate ⁇ for example, aminoethyl ( Meth) acrylate etc. ⁇ and alkyl (C1-6) aminoalkyl (C1-6) (meth) acrylate ⁇ t-butylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate etc. ⁇ etc.], C3-10 amino group-containing allyl compounds [(meta ) Allylamine and diallylamine] and the like.
- C5-15 primary or secondary amino group-containing (meth) acrylate [aminoalkyl (C1-6) (meth) acrylate ⁇ for example, aminoethyl ( Meth) acrylate etc. ⁇ and alkyl (C1-6) aminoalkyl (C1-6) (meth) acrylate ⁇ t-butylaminoethyl (
- Examples of the ethylenically unsaturated monomer (a27) containing an amide group include C3-30 (meth) acrylamide compounds [(meth) acrylamide; N-alkyl (C1-6) (meth) acrylamide ⁇ for example, N-methyl ( Meth) acrylamide, N-butyl (meth) acrylamide, diacetone acrylamide, N, N′-methylene-bis (meth) acrylamide etc. ⁇ ; and N, N-dialkyl (C1-6) or diaralkyl (C7-15) ( Meth) acrylamide ⁇ for example, N, N-dimethylacrylamide and N, N-dibenzylacrylamide, etc.]], C4-20 amide group-containing vinyl compounds excluding the above (meth) acrylamide compounds ⁇ for example, methacrylformamide, N- Methyl-N-vinylacetamide, cinnamic amide, cyclic Mido (N-vinyl pyrrolidone,
- Examples of the ethylenically unsaturated monomer (a28) containing an imide group include those having C4 to 24, such as maleic imide, itaconic imide, citraconic imide, and dicarboxycycloheptene imide.
- R of the imide group (—CO—NR—CO—) is preferably a hydrogen atom or a C1-6 alkyl group.
- Examples of the ethylenically unsaturated monomer (a29) having two or more kinds of functional groups include carboxyl group, 1,3-dioxo-2-oxapropylene group, ester group, cyano group, hydroxyl group, amino group, amide group and imide And those having two or more kinds of functional groups selected from the group consisting of groups, specifically, ethylenically unsaturated monomers having a carboxyl group and an amide group ⁇ alkyl of polyvalent carboxylic acid (C1-18) Amides (including those of C4-60, such as maleic acid monoamide, maleic acid monomethylamide, fumaric acid monoethylamide, mesaconic acid monodecylamide, and dicarboxycycloheptene monododecylamide) ⁇ , amino groups and amides Group-containing ethylenically unsaturated monomer ⁇ C5-10 amino group-containing acrylamide [N-amino Alkyl (C1 ⁇
- the ethylenically unsaturated monomer (a2) may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the ethylenically unsaturated monomers (a2) from the viewpoint of electrochemical stability, the ethylenically unsaturated monomer (a21) having a carboxyl group and the ethylenically unsaturated monomer having a 1,3-dioxo-2-oxapropylene group are used.
- Saturated monomer (a22) is preferred, and maleic anhydride is more preferred.
- another vinyl monomer (b2) may be copolymerized with the parent conductive filler block (A2).
- the other vinyl monomer (b2) is a vinyl monomer that can be copolymerized with the ethylenically unsaturated monomer (a2), and any of the following vinyl monomers may be used without any limitation as long as it is other than (a1) and (a2). it can.
- Alicyclic vinyl monomers those having C3 to 20 are included, such as cyclohexene, (di) cyclopentadiene, pinene, limonene, indene, vinylcyclohexene and ethylidenebicycloheptene.
- Aromatic vinyl monomers those containing C8-14, specifically, styrene, ⁇ -methylstyrene, vinyltoluene, 2,4-dimethylstyrene, ethylstyrene, isopropylstyrene, butylstyrene, phenylstyrene, cyclohexylstyrene , Benzylstyrene, crotylbenzene, vinylnaphthalene and the like.
- Halogen element-containing vinyl monomers those containing C2-20, specifically, vinyl chloride, vinyl bromide, vinylidene chloride, allyl chloride, chlorostyrene, bromostyrene, dichlorostyrene, chloromethylstyrene, tetrafluorostyrene And chloroprene.
- the proportion of the ethylenically unsaturated monomer (a2) constituting the parent conductive filler block (A2) is 50 to 100% by weight based on the weight of (A2) from the viewpoint of dispersibility of the conductive filler (C). More preferably, it is 60 to 100% by weight, and particularly preferably 70 to 100% by weight.
- the carboxyl group (—COOH), 1,3-dioxo-2-oxapropylene group (—CO—O—CO—), ester group (—COO—), cyano group (—) in the parent conductive filler block (A2) CN), hydroxyl group (—OH), amino group (—NHR), amide group (—NR—CO—) and imide group (—CO—NR—CO—) are determined depending on the conductive filler (C). From the viewpoint of dispersibility, the amount is preferably 0.0001 to 0.03 mol / g, more preferably 0.001 to 0.028 mol / g, and particularly preferably 0.001 to 0.03 mol / g based on the weight of (A2).
- the total molar concentration of the functional group in (A2) can be calculated from the charged amounts of (a2) and (b2) when (A) is produced by the following mathematical formula.
- Total molar concentration ⁇ ⁇ (charge amount of each monomer (a2)) / (molecular weight of each monomer (a2)) ⁇ / ⁇ total charge amount of (a2) and (b2) ⁇
- the total concentration of (—CN), hydroxyl group (—OH), amino group (—NHR), amide group (—NR—CO—) and imide group (—CO—NR—CO—) depends on the dispersion of the conductive filler. From the viewpoint of properties, it is preferably 1 to 40% by weight, more preferably 1 to 30% by weight, still more preferably 1.2 to 20% by weight, particularly preferably 1.4 to 10% by weight based on the weight of (A). % By weight.
- the total concentration of the above functional groups in (A) can be calculated from the charged amounts of (a1), (a2), (b1) and (b2) when (A) is produced by the following mathematical formula.
- Total concentration ⁇ ⁇ (total amount of atoms in parentheses of functional groups of each monomer (a2)) ⁇ (charge amount of each monomer (a2)) / (molecular weight of each monomer (a2)) ⁇ / ⁇ (a1) , (A2), (b1) and (b2) total charge ⁇ ⁇ 100
- the total molar concentration of (—CN), hydroxyl group (—OH), amino group (—NHR), amide group (—NR—CO—) and imide group (—CO—NR—CO—) is From the viewpoint of dispersibility of the conductive filler, 0.00005 to 0.015 mol / g is preferable, and 0.0005 to 0.014 mol / g is more preferable based on weight.
- the polymer having the parent resin block (A1) and the parent conductive filler block (A2) may be a ring-opening polymerization type polyester, a dehydration condensation type polyester, or a polycarbonate.
- the ester group corresponds to the parent conductive filler block (A2)
- the ester The part other than the group (alkyl chain) corresponds to the parent resin block (A1).
- these substituents are regarded as a parent conductive filler block (A2), and a portion excluding these substituents is regarded as a parent resin block (A1).
- polycarbonate a carboxyl group, 1,3-dioxo-2-oxapropylene group, ester group, cyano group, hydroxyl group other than the 1,3-dioxo-2-oxapropylene group (carbonate group) (alkyl chain)
- carbonate group alkyl chain
- an amino group, an amide group or an imide group is present, the portion excluding these substituents is regarded as the parent resin block (A1).
- the weight ratio ⁇ (A1) / (A2) ⁇ between the parent resin block (A1) and the parent conductive filler block (A2) is appropriately adjusted by changing the structure (for example, carbon number) of the polymer that is the raw material of the polymer. can do.
- the ring-opening polymerization type polyester includes one kind of lactone having 3 to 12 carbon atoms (for example, ⁇ -propiolactone, ⁇ -butyrolactone, ⁇ -valerolactone, ⁇ -valerolactone, ⁇ -caprolactone, ⁇ -enanthlactone).
- lactone having 3 to 12 carbon atoms for example, ⁇ -propiolactone, ⁇ -butyrolactone, ⁇ -valerolactone, ⁇ -valerolactone, ⁇ -caprolactone, ⁇ -enanthlactone.
- lactone having 3 to 12 carbon atoms for example, ⁇ -propiolactone, ⁇ -butyrolactone, ⁇ -valerolactone, ⁇ -valerolactone, ⁇ -caprolactone, ⁇ -enanthlactone.
- examples thereof include polypropiolactone, polybutyrolactone, polycaprolactone, polyvalerolactone and the like.
- the lactone is preferably ⁇ -valerolactone, ⁇ -valerolactone, or ⁇ -caprolactone, more preferably ⁇ -caprolactone, considering the weight ratio of the parent resin block (A1) to the parent conductive filler block (A2).
- the dehydration condensation type polyester is obtained by dehydration condensation of a low molecular weight (less than Mn 300) polyhydric alcohol and a polyhydric carboxylic acid having 2 to 10 carbon atoms or an ester-forming derivative thereof.
- Low molecular weight polyhydric alcohols include dihydric to octahydric or higher aliphatic polyhydric alcohols with a Mn of less than 300 and dihydric to octahydric or higher phenolic alkylene oxides (EO, PO, 1, 2 -, 1,3-, 2,3- or 1,4-butylene oxide or the like, hereinafter abbreviated as AO) and low molar adducts can be used.
- low molecular weight polyhydric alcohols that can be used for the condensation type polyester, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, neopentyl glycol, 1,6-hexane glycol, EO or PO low molar addition of bisphenol A is preferred. Products and combinations thereof.
- polycarboxylic acids having 2 to 10 carbon atoms or ester-forming derivatives thereof include aliphatic dicarboxylic acids (succinic acid, adipic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, etc.), alicyclic dicarboxylic acids ( Dimer acids, etc.), aromatic dicarboxylic acids (terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, phthalic acid, etc.), trivalent or higher polycarboxylic acids (trimellitic acid, pyromellitic acid, etc.), and their anhydrides (succinic anhydride, Maleic anhydride, phthalic anhydride, trimellitic anhydride, etc.), these acid halides (such as adipic acid dichloride), low molecular weight alkyl esters thereof (such as dimethyl succinate and dimethyl phthalate), etc. You may use together.
- aliphatic dicarboxylic acids succinic acid, adipic acid,
- the condensed polyester examples include polyethylene adipate, polybutylene adipate, polyhexamethylene adipate, polyhexamethylene isophthalate, polyneopentyl adipate, polyethylene propylene adipate, polyethylene butylene adipate, polybutylene hexamethylene adipate, polydiethylene adipate, Examples include poly (polytetramethylene ether) adipate, poly (3-methylpentylene adipate), polyethylene azelate, polyethylene sebacate, polybutylene azelate, polybutylene sebacate, and polyneopentyl terephthalate.
- polycarbonate examples include the low molecular weight polyhydric alcohol and a low molecular carbonate compound (for example, dialkyl carbonate having 1 to 6 carbon atoms in an alkyl group, alkylene carbonate having an alkylene group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, and 6 to 9 carbon atoms). And a polycarbonate produced by condensing a diaryl carbonate having an aryl group with a dealcoholization reaction. Two or more low molecular weight polyhydric alcohols and alkylene carbonates may be used in combination.
- a low molecular weight polyhydric alcohol and a low molecular carbonate compound for example, dialkyl carbonate having 1 to 6 carbon atoms in an alkyl group, alkylene carbonate having an alkylene group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, and 6 to 9 carbon atoms.
- a polycarbonate produced by condensing a diaryl carbonate having an aryl group with a dealcoholization reaction Two or more low molecular weight polyhydr
- polycarbonate examples include polyhexamethylene carbonate, polypentamethylene carbonate, polytetramethylene carbonate, and poly (tetramethylene / hexamethylene) carbonate (for example, 1,4-butanediol and 1,6-hexanediol and dialkyl carbonate). And the like obtained by condensation while causing a dealcoholization reaction).
- a polymer produced by a general method for producing an olefin polymer ⁇ eg, bulk method, solution method, slurry method, gas phase method, etc.) (A ′ 1)
- a polymer (A ′′ 1) is obtained by introducing an unsaturated group into the above ⁇ a polymer obtained by polymerizing the monomer containing (a1) and if necessary (b1) ⁇ by a thermal degradation reaction, etc.
- the solution method is a method in which a catalyst and a monomer are introduced into a solvent and polymerized in the solution.
- Solvents used in the solution method include saturated hydrocarbons [aliphatic hydrocarbons (including those of C3-24, such as propane, butane, hexane, octane, decane, dodecane, hexadecane and octadecane), alicyclic hydrocarbons ( Including C3-24, such as cyclopentane, methylcyclopentane, cyclohexane and cyclooctane), aromatic hydrocarbons (including those of C6-12, such as benzene, toluene and xylene), petroleum fractions, etc.
- saturated hydrocarbons aliphatic hydrocarbons (including those of C3-24, such as propane, butane, hexane, octane, decane, dodecane, hexadecane and octade
- the slurry method is a method in which a catalyst and a monomer are introduced into a dispersion medium and polymerized in a slurry state.
- the dispersion medium include the saturated hydrocarbons and olefins that are liquid during polymerization.
- the gas phase method is a method in which a catalyst and a monomer are introduced into the gas phase and polymerized in the gas phase. Specifically, the catalyst is gradually introduced into the reactor, the monomer is introduced so as to contact the catalyst efficiently, and the polymerization is performed in the gas phase.
- the produced polymer falls by its own weight, Recover from below the reactor.
- the molecular weight can be adjusted by a known means, for example, selection of temperature, pressure, hydrogenation amount and the like.
- the polymerization temperature is preferably 0 to 120 ° C., more preferably 20 to 100 ° C. from the viewpoint of the dispersibility of the conductive filler (C) and the molecular weight distribution of (A1) in the case of the gas phase method.
- the solution method from the viewpoint of the dispersibility of the conductive filler (C) and the molecular weight distribution of (A1), 0 to 200 ° C. is preferable, and 10 to 180 ° C. is more preferable.
- the slurry method from the viewpoint of the dispersibility of the conductive filler (C) and the molecular weight distribution of (A1), it is preferably ⁇ 50 to 100 ° C., more preferably 0 to 90 ° C.
- the pressure is preferably 0.049 to 9.8 MPa, more preferably 0.098, from the viewpoint of the dispersibility of the conductive filler (C), the molecular weight distribution of (A1) and the economy. ⁇ 4.9 MPa.
- 0.078 to 0.98 MPa is preferable from the viewpoint of dispersibility of the conductive filler (C), molecular weight distribution of (A1) and economy, and more preferably 0.098 to 0. 49 MPa.
- the bonding type in the case of copolymerizing two or more kinds of (a1) ⁇ including (b1) if necessary ⁇ may be any of random, block, and graft polymerization.
- the number average molecular weight (hereinafter abbreviated as Mn) of the polymer (A′1) is preferably 10,000 to 300 from the viewpoint of the dispersibility of the conductive filler (C) and the molecular weight of the dispersant for the resin current collector. 15,000, more preferably 15,000 to 150,000. Mn of the polymer (A′1) can be determined by GPC (gel permeation chromatography) measurement under the following conditions.
- Apparatus Alliance GPC V2000 (manufactured by Waters) Solvent: Orthodichlorobenzene Standard substance: Polystyrene Sample concentration: 3 mg / ml Column stationary phase: PLgel 10 ⁇ m, MIXED-B 2 in series (manufactured by Polymer Laboratories) Column temperature: 135 ° C
- a polymer (A ′′ 1) having an unsaturated group introduced can be obtained by thermally degrading the polymer (A′1).
- thermal degradation refers to heat treatment of the polymer at a temperature of 180 to 450 ° C. (preferably 220 to 400 ° C.), and the Mn of the polymer after treatment relative to Mn (Mn 1 ) of the polymer before treatment.
- the reduction ratio Mn 2 / Mn 1 of Mn 2 to) is defined as the the 0.9 to 0.001.
- the amount of double bonds in the molecular terminals and / or molecules per 1,000 carbon atoms of the polymer (A ′′ 1) into which the unsaturated group is introduced is easy to introduce the ethylenically unsaturated monomer (a2).
- the number is 0.2 to 10, preferably 0.3 to 6, particularly preferably 0.5 to 5.
- the double bond amount can be measured by NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) method.
- a method for producing the polymer (A ′′ 1) having an unsaturated group introduced is a thermal degradation method (for example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 43-9368, Japanese Patent Publication No. 44).
- the methods described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 29742 and Japanese Patent Publication No. 6-70094 are preferred.
- the thermal degradation method includes a method in which the polymer (A′1) is thermally degraded in (1) continuous mode or (2) batch mode.
- the olefin polymer supplied to the continuous tank at a constant flow rate (10 to 700 kg / h) is preferably at 300 to 450 ° C. for 0.5 to 10 hours in the absence of a radical initiator.
- the method is preferably a method in which heat is continuously degraded at 180 to 300 ° C. for 0.5 to 10 hours.
- the method (2) is an olefin polymer in a closed reactor. Is a method of thermally degrading under the same heat treatment conditions in the absence or presence of organic peroxide as in (1) above.
- a continuous kneader for example, a static mixer, FCM [trade name: manufactured by Farrel Co., Ltd.], LCM [trade name: manufactured by Kobe Steel, Ltd.] and CIM [commodity] Name: manufactured by Nippon Steel Works, Ltd.], single screw extruder, twin screw extruder, and the like.
- radical initiator examples include azo compounds (for example, azobisisobutyronitrile and azobisisovaleronitrile), peroxides [monofunctional (having one peroxide group in the molecule)] [for example, benzoylperoxide Oxide, di-t-butyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide, dicumyl peroxide, etc.] and polyfunctional (having two or more peroxide groups in the molecule) [for example, 2,2-bis (4,4-di- t-butylperoxycyclohexyl) propane, 1,1-bis (t-butylperoxy) 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane, di-t-butylperoxyhexahydroterephthalate, diallylperoxydicarbonate and t-butyl Peroxyallyl carbonate etc.]] and the like.
- azo compounds for example, azobisisobutyronitrile and azobisisovaleronitrile
- the amount of the radical initiator used is preferably 0.01 to 10% by weight based on the weight of the polymer (A′1) from the viewpoint of the dispersibility of the conductive filler (C) and the molecular weight distribution of (A). More preferably, the content is 0.1 to 1% by weight.
- the method (1) is preferable from the viewpoint of molecular weight, and particularly preferably, the polymer (A ′) at 300 to 450 ° C. for 0.5 to 10 hours in the absence of a radical initiator.
- This is a production method in which 1) is supplied at a constant flow rate and continuously heat-degraded.
- a method for adding the ethylenically unsaturated monomer (a2) ⁇ including (b2) if necessary ⁇ to the polymer (A''1) having an unsaturated group introduced therein a polymer having an unsaturated group introduced (A ' '1) and (a2) are heated and melted, or suspended or dissolved in an appropriate organic solvent, and the above radical initiator is dissolved in the radical initiator (k) [or (k) in an appropriate organic solvent.
- a method of stirring with heating melting method, suspension method and solution method
- polymer (A ′′ 1), (a2) ⁇ if necessary (b2) ⁇ having an unsaturated group introduced thereinto in advance examples thereof include a method of mixing and melt-kneading (melt-kneading method).
- radical initiator (k) the same radical initiators as those described above can be used. Specifically, azo compounds (azobisisobutyronitrile, azobisisovaleronitrile, etc.); peroxides [single Functional (having one peroxide group in the molecule) initiator [benzoyl peroxide, di-t-butyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide, dicumyl peroxide, etc.], polyfunctional (2-4 in the molecule or Initiator having more peroxide groups) [2,2-bis (4,4-di-t-butylperoxycyclohexyl) propane, 1,1-bis (t-butylperoxy) 3,3,5- Trimethylcyclohexane, di-t-butylperoxyhexahydroterephthalate, diallylperoxydicarbonate and tert-butylperoxyallylcarbonate Over doors, etc.] and the like], and the like.
- azo compounds azobisisobutyroni
- a peroxide is preferable, and a monofunctional initiator, particularly preferably Di-t-butyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide and dicumyl peroxide are preferred.
- the amount of (k) used is preferably from 0.001 to 10% by weight based on the weight of (A), from the viewpoint of the reaction rate of the ethylenically unsaturated monomer (a2) to the parent resin block into which the unsaturated group has been introduced. %, More preferably 0.01 to 5% by weight, particularly preferably 0.1 to 3% by weight.
- organic solvent examples include C3-18, such as hydrocarbons (hexane, heptane, octane, decane, dodecane, benzene, toluene, xylene, etc.), halogenated hydrocarbons (di-, tri-, tetrachloroethane, dichlorobutane, etc.) , Ketones (acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, diethyl ketone, di-t-butyl ketone, etc.) and ethers (ethyl-n-propyl ether, di-i-propyl ether, di-n-butyl ether, di-t-butyl ether, dioxane, etc.), etc. Is mentioned.
- hydrocarbons hexane, heptane, octane, decane, dodecane, benzene, toluene, xylene, etc.
- Examples of the apparatus used in the melt kneading method include an extruder, a Banbury mixer, and a kneader.
- the melting method and the solution method are preferable from the viewpoint of the reactivity between the polymer (A ′′ 1) having an unsaturated group introduced therein and the ethylenically unsaturated monomer (a2).
- the reaction temperature in the melting method may be a temperature at which the polymer (A ′′ 1) into which the unsaturated group is introduced melts, and the polymer (A ′′ 1) into which the unsaturated group is introduced and the ethylenically unsaturated group.
- the temperature is preferably 120 to 260 ° C, more preferably 130 to 240 ° C.
- the reaction temperature in the solution method may be any temperature at which the polymer (A ′′ 1) into which the unsaturated group is introduced is dissolved, and the polymer (A ′′ 1) into which the unsaturated group is introduced and the ethylenically unsaturated group.
- the temperature is preferably 110 to 210 ° C, more preferably 120 to 180 ° C.
- the ring-opening polymerization type polyester can be obtained by ring-opening polymerization of a lactone.
- a method of adding a base such as a metal alkoxide to a lactone dispersed in a solvent can be mentioned.
- the dehydration-condensation polyester can be obtained by dehydration condensation between a polyvalent carboxylic acid and a polyhydric alcohol, and examples thereof include a method of heating a mixture of a polyvalent carboxylic acid and a polyhydric alcohol dispersed in a solvent. You may perform pressure reduction, the addition of an acid catalyst, a dehydration process etc. as needed.
- the polycarbonate can be obtained by a dealcoholization reaction between a polyhydric alcohol and a carbonate compound.
- the polyhydric alcohol and the carbonate compound are heated to about 300 ° C. to perform a transesterification reaction.
- the method of removing by is mentioned.
- the weight average molecular weight (hereinafter abbreviated as Mw) of the resin current collector dispersant (A) is preferably 2,000 to 300,000 from the viewpoint of the dispersibility of the conductive filler (C) and battery characteristics. More preferably, it is 5,000 to 200,000, particularly preferably 7,000 to 150,000, and most preferably 10,000 to 100,000.
- the Mw of the dispersant for resin current collector (A) can be determined by GPC (gel permeation chromatography) measurement under the following conditions.
- Apparatus Alliance GPC V2000 (manufactured by Waters) Solvent: Orthodichlorobenzene Standard substance: Polystyrene Sample concentration: 3 mg / ml Column stationary phase: PLgel 10 ⁇ m, MIXED-B 2 in series (manufactured by Polymer Laboratories) Column temperature: 135 ° C
- the dispersant for a resin current collector (A) of the present invention is a dispersant for a resin current collector made of a polymer having a parent resin block (A1) and a parent conductive filler block (A2).
- the weight ratio ⁇ (A1) / (A2) ⁇ is preferably 50/50 to 99/1, more preferably 60/40 to 98/2, and particularly preferably. Is 70/30 to 95/5.
- the resin current collector material of the present invention contains a resin current collector dispersant (A), a resin (B), and a conductive filler (C).
- the resin current collector dispersant (A) is as described above.
- the resin (B) examples include polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polymethylpentene (PMP), polycycloolefin (PCO), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethernitrile (PEN), and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). ), Styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polymethyl acrylate (PMA), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), epoxy resin, silicone resin or a mixture thereof.
- PE polyethylene
- PP polypropylene
- PMP polymethylpentene
- PCO polycycloolefin
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- PEN polyethernitrile
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- SBR Styrene butadiene rubber
- PAN polyacrylonitrile
- PMA polymethyl acrylate
- PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
- PVdF polyviny
- polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polymethylpentene (PMP) and polycycloolefin (PCO) are preferable, and polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) and polymethylpentene are more preferable. (PMP).
- the conductive filler (C) a material having conductivity is selected, but from the viewpoint of suppressing ion permeation in the current collector, a material having no conductivity with respect to ions used as a charge transfer medium is used. Is preferred.
- the ion is an ion as a charge transfer medium used in a battery, for example, a lithium ion for a lithium ion battery and a sodium ion for a sodium ion battery.
- metals ⁇ nickel, aluminum, stainless steel (SUS), silver, copper, titanium, etc. ⁇ , carbon ⁇ graphite and carbon black [acetylene black, ketjen black, furnace black, channel black, thermal lamp black, etc.], etc. ⁇ , And mixtures thereof, but are not limited thereto.
- These conductive fillers (C) may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- these alloys or metal oxides may be used. From the viewpoint of electrical stability, preferably nickel, aluminum, stainless steel, carbon, silver, copper, titanium and mixtures thereof, more preferably nickel, silver, aluminum, stainless steel and carbon, particularly preferably nickel and Carbon.
- These conductive fillers (C) may be those obtained by coating a conductive material (a metal of the above-mentioned (C)) with plating or the like around a particle ceramic material or a resin material.
- the shape (form) of the conductive filler (C) is not limited to the particle form, and may be a form other than the particle form, and in a form that is practically used as a so-called filler-based conductive resin composition such as a carbon nanotube. There may be.
- the average particle diameter of the conductive filler (C) is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 0.01 to 10 ⁇ m from the viewpoint of the electric characteristics of the battery.
- particle diameter means the maximum distance L among the distances between any two points on the contour line of the conductive filler (C).
- the value of “average particle size” is the average value of the particle size of particles observed in several to several tens of fields using an observation means such as a scanning electron microscope (SEM) or a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The calculated value shall be adopted.
- the solubility parameter of the resin (B) (hereinafter abbreviated as SP value) and the SP value of the parent resin block (A1) in the resin current collector dispersant (A) Absolute value
- is preferably 1.0 (cal / cm 3 ) 1/2 or less, more preferably 0. It is 8 (cal / cm 3 ) 1/2 or less, particularly preferably 0.5 (cal / cm 3 ) 1/2 or less.
- the SP value difference is 1.0 (cal / cm 3 ) 1/2 or less, the dispersibility of the conductive filler (C) in the resin current collector becomes good.
- the SP value is calculated by the Fedors method.
- the SP value can be expressed by the following equation.
- SP value ( ⁇ ) ( ⁇ H / V) 1/2
- ⁇ H represents the heat of vaporization (cal)
- V represents the molar volume (cm 3 ).
- ⁇ H and V are the sum of the heat of molar evaporation ( ⁇ H) of the atomic group described in “POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE, 1974, Vol. 14, No. 2, ROBERT F. FEDORS. (Pages 151 to 153)”.
- the total molar volume (V) can be used. Those having a close numerical value are easy to mix with each other (high compatibility), and those having a close numerical value are indices that indicate that they are difficult to mix.
- the content of the dispersant (A) for the resin current collector in the resin current collector material is from 1 to 4 based on the weight of the resin current collector material from the viewpoint of dispersibility of the conductive filler (C). It is preferably 20% by weight, more preferably 2 to 15% by weight, particularly preferably 3 to 10% by weight.
- the content of the resin (B) in the resin current collector material is preferably 20 to 98% by weight, more preferably 40 to 95% by weight, based on the weight of the resin current collector material, from the viewpoint of resin strength. %, Particularly preferably 60 to 92% by weight.
- the content of the conductive filler (C) in the resin current collector material is 1 to 79% by weight based on the weight of the resin current collector material from the viewpoint of dispersibility of the conductive filler (C). More preferably, it is 2 to 30% by weight, and particularly preferably 5 to 25% by weight.
- a masterbatch known as a method for mixing and kneading powder in a known resin
- a thermoplastic resin composition (dispersant, filler and heat In the production of a composition comprising a plastic resin or a composition comprising a masterbatch and a thermoplastic resin)
- a known method used as a method of mixing and kneading is used, and generally a pellet or powdery component Can be produced by mixing using a suitable mixer such as a kneader, an internal mixer, a Banbury mixer, a roll or the like.
- the order of addition of each component during kneading is not particularly limited. Even if the dispersant (A) for the resin current collector is mixed with the conductive filler (C) in advance and blended with the resin (B), the resin current collector The body dispersant (A), the conductive filler (C), and the resin (B) may be mixed at the same time.
- the obtained resin current collector material may be further pelletized or powdered by a pelletizer or the like.
- the material for the resin current collector may contain other components ⁇ crosslinking accelerator (aldehyde / ammonia-amine skeleton-containing compound, thiourea skeleton-containing compound, guanidine skeleton-containing compound, thiazole skeleton-containing compound, sulfenamide skeleton) Containing compounds, thiuram skeleton containing compounds, dithiocarbamate skeleton containing compounds, xanthate skeleton containing compounds and dithiophosphate skeleton containing compounds), crosslinking agents (such as sulfur), colorants, ultraviolet absorbers, general-purpose plasticizers ( Phthalic acid skeleton-containing compound, trimellitic acid skeleton-containing compound, phosphoric acid group-containing compound, epoxy skeleton-containing compound, etc.) ⁇ and the like can be added as appropriate. From the viewpoint of electrical stability, the total amount of other components is preferably 0.0001 to 5% by weight, more preferably 0.001 to 1% by weight, based on the weight
- the resin current collector of the present invention can be obtained by molding the above resin current collector material.
- the molding method include injection molding, compression molding, calendar molding, slush molding, rotational molding, extrusion molding, blow molding, film molding (casting method, tenter method, inflation method, etc.) and the like. It can be molded by the method.
- the thickness of the resin current collector may be within a range that can maintain the electrolyte shielding property and the strength in the process, but is preferably 5 to 200 ⁇ m, more preferably 10 to 150 ⁇ m, and particularly preferably 20 to 120 ⁇ m. It is. Within this range, it is possible to increase the output density of the battery by reducing the weight while securing the electrolyte shielding property, the process strength and the conductivity.
- the electron conductivity in the film thickness direction (stacking direction) required for the current collector for the bipolar secondary battery is sufficiently secured.
- Direction is preferably in the range of 10 2 to 10 ⁇ 5 ⁇ ⁇ cm.
- the surface resistivity in the in-plane direction described above can be measured according to JIS K 7194 (resistivity test method using conductive plastic 4-probe method), which is the measurement method used in the examples.
- JIS K 7194 resistivity test method using conductive plastic 4-probe method
- it can be obtained by measuring a sheet (sample) cut into a predetermined size according to the JIS standard using a commercially available resistance measuring machine conforming to the JIS standard.
- the resin current collector of the present invention can be used as a current collector for bipolar secondary batteries and lithium secondary batteries.
- polymer (A′1-1) [polymer having 98 mol% of propylene and 2 mol% of ethylene as structural units, trade name “Sun Allomer PZA20A”, manufactured by Sun Allomer Co., Ltd., Mn 100,000. ] 100 parts were charged in a nitrogen atmosphere, heated and melted with a mantle heater while nitrogen was passed through the gas phase, and subjected to thermal degradation at 360 ° C. for 50 minutes with stirring to obtain a polymer having an unsaturated group (A '' 1-1) was obtained.
- (A ′′ 1-1) had 5 molecular terminal double bonds per 1,000 carbon atoms and a weight average molecular weight of 5,600.
- Polymer (A′1-5) [polyethylene, trade name “Novatech LL UE320”, manufactured by Nippon Polyethylene Co., Ltd.
- the polymer (A''1-5) having an unsaturated group was obtained in the same manner as in Production Example 1 except that 100 parts were used.
- (A ′′ 1-5) had 4 molecular terminal double bonds per 1,000 carbon atoms and a weight average molecular weight of 7,000.
- Example 1 In a reaction vessel, 100 parts of (A ′′ 1-1), 11 parts of maleic anhydride, and 100 parts of xylene were charged. After purging with nitrogen, the mixture was heated to 130 ° C. under nitrogen flow and dissolved uniformly. A solution prepared by dissolving 0.5 parts of dicumyl peroxide [trade name “Park Mill D”, manufactured by NOF Corporation] in 10 parts of xylene was added dropwise over 10 minutes, and stirring was continued for 3 hours under reflux of xylene. It was. After cooling, the precipitated resin was removed by centrifugation. Under reduced pressure (1.5 kPa, the same shall apply hereinafter), xylene was distilled off at 80 ° C.
- dicumyl peroxide trade name “Park Mill D”, manufactured by NOF Corporation
- a dispersant for resin current collector (A-1) had a weight average molecular weight of 20,000.
- the total concentration of the functional group in (A) was obtained by the following formula.
- Total concentration (% by weight) h ⁇ i / j / k ⁇ 100 h: Molecular weight of 1,3-dioxo-2-oxapropylene group: 72 i: Charge amount of maleic anhydride: 11 j: Molecular weight of maleic anhydride: 98 k: Total charge of (A ′′ 1-1) and maleic anhydride: 111
- Example 2 a dispersant for a resin current collector (A-2) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 15 parts of acrylic acid was used instead of 11 parts of maleic anhydride. (A-2) had a weight average molecular weight of 20,000. The total concentration of functional groups in (A) was determined in the same manner.
- Example 3 a dispersant for a resin current collector (A-3) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 11 parts of aminoethyl acrylate was used instead of 11 parts of maleic anhydride. (A-3) had a weight average molecular weight of 20,000. The total concentration of functional groups in (A) was determined in the same manner.
- Example 4 a dispersant for resin current collector (A-4) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 11 parts of hydroxyethyl acrylate was used instead of 11 parts of maleic anhydride. (A-4) had a weight average molecular weight of 20,000. The total concentration of functional groups in (A) was determined in the same manner.
- Example 5 a dispersant for resin current collector (A-5) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 11 parts of N-methylacrylamide was used instead of 11 parts of maleic anhydride. (A-5) had a weight average molecular weight of 20,000. The total concentration of functional groups in (A) was determined in the same manner.
- Example 6 a dispersant for resin current collector (A-6) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 9 parts of maleic imide was used instead of 11 parts of maleic anhydride. (A-6) had a weight average molecular weight of 20,000. The total concentration of functional groups in (A) was determined in the same manner.
- Example 7 In Example 1, a dispersant for a resin current collector was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 100 parts of (A ′′ 1-2) was used instead of 100 parts of (A ′′ 1-1). (A-7) was obtained. (A-7) had a weight average molecular weight of 100,000. The total concentration of functional groups in (A) was determined in the same manner.
- Example 8 In Example 1, 100 parts of (A ′′ 1-1) was used instead of 100 parts of (A ′′ 1-1), 30 parts of maleic anhydride and styrene were used instead of 11 parts of maleic anhydride. A resin current collector dispersant (A-8) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 17 parts were used. (A-8) had a weight average molecular weight of 20,000. The total concentration of functional groups in (A) was determined in the same manner.
- Example 9 a dispersant for a resin current collector was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 100 parts of (A ′′ 1-4) was used instead of 100 parts of (A ′′ 1-1). (A-9) was obtained. (A-9) had a weight average molecular weight of 20,000.
- Example 10 a dispersant for a resin current collector was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 100 parts of (A ′′ 1-5) was used instead of 100 parts of (A ′′ 1-1). (A-10) was obtained. (A-10) had a weight average molecular weight of 20,000.
- Example 11 a resin current collector dispersant (A-11) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 11 parts of methyl acrylate was used instead of 11 parts of maleic anhydride. (A-11) had a weight average molecular weight of 20,000.
- Example 12 a resin current collector dispersant (A-12) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 15 parts of acrylonitrile was used instead of 11 parts of maleic anhydride. (A-12) had a weight average molecular weight of 20,000.
- Example 13 Polycaprolactone [trade name [SOLPLUS DP330] manufactured by Nippon Lubrizol Co., Ltd.] was prepared and used as a dispersant for resin current collector (A-13).
- the dispersant for resin current collector (A-13) had no unsaturated group and had a weight average molecular weight of 15,000.
- Example 14 the resin current collector materials (Z-2) to (Z-20) and the resin current collectors (X-2) to (X-20) were melt-kneaded with the compositions shown in Table 2.
- Example 14 it was melt-kneaded with the composition shown in Table 2, and resin current collector materials (Z-21) to (Z-22) and resin current collectors (X-21) to (X-22) Got.
- Electrode resistance value The electrical resistance value (surface resistivity) was measured in accordance with JIS K 7194 (Resistivity test method by conductive probe 4-probe method). The evaluation results are shown in Table 2.
- the dispersant for a resin current collector of the present invention is excellent in dispersibility of the conductive filler, and can impart excellent electrical characteristics to the resin current collector.
- the resin current collector obtained by the present invention is particularly useful as a current collector for a mobile phone, a personal computer, a hybrid vehicle, a bipolar secondary battery and a lithium secondary battery used for an electric vehicle. is there.
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Abstract
Description
しかしながら、従来の樹脂集電体では、導電性フィラーの分散性が不十分であり、充放電特性といった電池としての性能が低下する等の問題がある。
また、一般的に知られる分散剤(カルボキシメチルセルロース及び界面活性剤等)を使用した場合、分散性はやや向上するものの、不十分であった。したがって、導電性フィラーが均一に分散できる樹脂集電体が望まれている。
すなわち、本発明は、親樹脂ブロック(A1)と親導電性フィラーブロック(A2)とを有する重合体からなる樹脂集電体用分散剤であって、上記親樹脂ブロック(A1)が、炭素数2~30のオレフィン(a1)を必須構成単量体とするポリマーブロックであり、上記親導電性フィラーブロック(A2)が有する官能基が、カルボキシル基、1,3-ジオキソ-2-オキサプロピレン基、エステル基、シアノ基、ヒドロキシル基、アミノ基、アミド基及びイミド基からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種である、又は、親樹脂ブロック(A1)と親導電性フィラーブロック(A2)とを有する重合体が、開環重合型ポリエステル、脱水縮合型ポリエステル、若しくは、ポリカーボネートであることを特徴とする樹脂集電体用分散剤(A);この樹脂集電体用分散剤(A)、樹脂(B)及び導電性フィラー(C)を含有する樹脂集電体用材料;及びこの樹脂集電体用材料を有する樹脂集電体である。
本発明の樹脂集電体用分散剤(A)は、親樹脂ブロック(A1)と親導電性フィラーブロック(A2)とを有する重合体からなる樹脂集電体用分散剤であって、上記親樹脂ブロック(A1)が、炭素数2~30のオレフィン(a1)を必須構成単量体とするポリマーブロックであり、上記親導電性フィラーブロック(A2)が有する官能基が、カルボキシル基、1,3-ジオキソ-2-オキサプロピレン基、エステル基、シアノ基、ヒドロキシル基、アミノ基、アミド基及びイミド基からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種である、又は、親樹脂ブロック(A1)と親導電性フィラーブロック(A2)とを有する重合体が、開環重合型ポリエステル、脱水縮合型ポリエステル、若しくは、ポリカーボネートであることを特徴とする。
炭素数2~30のオレフィン(a1)を必須構成単量体とするポリマーブロックとしては、単量体(a1)の1種又は2種以上を(共)重合したポリマーブロック、及び、単量体(a1)の1種又は2種以上と他の単量体(b1)の1種又は2種以上とを共重合したポリマーブロックが含まれる。
炭素数2~30のオレフィン(a1)には、炭素数(以下、Cと略記する)2~30のアルケンが含まれ、例えば、C2~3のもの{エチレン及びプロピレン}並びにC4~30のα-オレフィン{1-ブテン、イソブテン、1-ヘキセン、1-デセン及び1-ドデセン等}等が含まれる。
他の単量体(b1)には、炭素数2~30のオレフィン(a1)との共重合性を有するC4~30の不飽和単量体であって、(a1)及び後述するエチレン性不飽和モノマー(a2)以外のものが含まれ、例えばスチレン及び酢酸ビニル等が含まれる。
(A11)エチレンを必須構成単量体とするポリマーブロック(ポリエチレンブロック)
例えば、高、中又は低密度ポリエチレン、エチレンとC4~30のα-オレフィン及び/又は他の単量体(b1)とを共重合したポリマーブロック等が挙げられる。
(A12)プロピレンを必須構成単量体とするポリマーブロック(ポリプロピレンブロック)
例えば、ポリプロピレン、プロピレンとC4~30のα-オレフィン及び/又は他の単量体(b1)とを共重合したポリマーブロック等が挙げられる。
(A13)エチレン及びプロピレンを必須構成単量体とするポリマーブロック
例えば、エチレンとプロピレンとを共重合したポリマーブロック、エチレン及びプロピレンとC4~30のα-オレフィン及び/又は(b1)とを共重合したポリマーブロック等が挙げられる。
(A14)C4~30のオレフィンを必須構成単量体とするポリマーブロック
例えば、ポリブテン等が挙げられる。
これらのうち、電池特性の観点から、(A11)~(A13)が好ましく、さらに好ましくはポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、エチレンとプロピレンとを共重合したポリマーブロック及びプロピレンと(b1)とを共重合したポリマーブロックであり、次にさらに好ましくはポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン及びエチレンとプロピレンとを共重合したポリマーブロックである。
なお、親導電性フィラーブロック(A2)は、カルボキシル基、1,3-ジオキソ-2-オキサプロピレン基、エステル基、シアノ基、ヒドロキシル基、アミノ基、アミド基又はイミド基のみで構成されていてもよく、カルボキシル基、1,3-ジオキソ-2-オキサプロピレン基、エステル基、シアノ基、ヒドロキシル基、アミノ基、アミド基及びイミド基からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の官能基と、上記官能基と結合した1個以上の炭素原子から構成されていてもよい。
カルボキシル基、1,3-ジオキソ-2-オキサプロピレン基、エステル基、シアノ基、ヒドロキシル基、アミノ基、アミド基及びイミド基からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の官能基を有するエチレン性不飽和モノマー(a2)を原料の単量体とすることで、カルボキシル基、1,3-ジオキソ-2-オキサプロピレン基、エステル基、シアノ基、ヒドロキシル基、アミノ基、アミド基及びイミド基からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の官能基を有するポリマーブロック、すなわち親導電性フィラーブロック(A2)を重合体中に容易に導入することができる。
本発明において、「(メタ)アクリレート」とは、アクリレート及び/又はメタクリレートを意味する。
上記エチレン性不飽和モノマー(a2)のうち、電気化学的安定性の観点から、カルボキシル基を有するエチレン性不飽和モノマー(a21)及び1,3-ジオキソ-2-オキサプロピレン基を有するエチレン性不飽和モノマー(a22)が好ましく、さらに好ましくは無水マレイン酸である。
他のビニルモノマー(b2)としては、エチレン性不飽和モノマー(a2)と共重合できるビニルモノマーであり、(a1)及び(a2)以外であれば、特に制限なく、次のビニルモノマー等が使用できる。
芳香族ビニルモノマー:C8~14のものが含まれ、具体的には、スチレン、α-メチルスチレン、ビニルトルエン、2,4-ジメチルスチレン、エチルスチレン、イソプロピルスチレン、ブチルスチレン、フェニルスチレン、シクロヘキシルスチレン、ベンジルスチレン、クロチルベンゼン及びビニルナフタレン等。
ハロゲン元素含有ビニルモノマー:C2~20のものが含まれ、具体的には、塩化ビニル、臭化ビニル、塩化ビニリデン、アリルクロライド、クロルスチレン、ブロムスチレン、ジクロルスチレン、クロロメチルスチレン、テトラフルオロスチレン及びクロロプレン等。
(A2)中の上記官能基の合計モル濃度は、(A)を製造する際の(a2)及び(b2)の仕込み量から、下記数式により算出することができる。
合計モル濃度=Σ{(各モノマー(a2)の仕込み量)/(各モノマー(a2)の分子量)}/{(a2)及び(b2)の合計仕込み量}
(A)中の上記官能基の合計濃度は、(A)を製造する際の(a1)、(a2)、(b1)及び(b2)の仕込み量から、下記数式により算出することができる。
合計濃度=Σ{(各モノマー(a2)が有する官能基の括弧内の原子量の合計)×(各モノマー(a2)の仕込み量)/(各モノマー(a2)の分子量)}/{(a1)、(a2)、(b1)及び(b2)の合計仕込み量}×100
(A)中の上記官能基の合計モル濃度は、(A)について13C-NMR及びIR(赤外分光)を測定し、モル濃度の分かっている試料を用いて求めた検量線に当てはめることで算出できる。
また、(A)中の上記官能基の合計モル濃度は、(A)を製造する際の(a1)、(a2)、(b1)及び(b2)の仕込み量から、下記数式により算出することもできる。
合計モル濃度=Σ{(各モノマー(a2)の仕込み量)/(各モノマー(a2)の分子量)}/{(a1)、(a2)、(b1)及び(b2)の合計仕込み量}
親樹脂ブロック(A1)と親導電性フィラーブロック(A2)とを有する重合体が開環重合型ポリエステル又は脱水縮合型ポリエステルの場合、エステル基が親導電性フィラーブロック(A2)に相当し、エステル基以外の部分(アルキル鎖)が親樹脂ブロック(A1)に相当する。
親樹脂ブロック(A1)と親導電性フィラーブロック(A2)とを有する重合体がポリカーボネートの場合、1,3-ジオキソ-2-オキサプロピレン基(カーボネート基)(-O-(CO)-O-)が親導電性フィラーブロック(A2)に相当し、カーボネート基以外の部分(アルキル鎖)が親樹脂ブロック(A1)に相当する。
なお、開環重合型ポリエステル及び脱水縮合型ポリエステルについて、エステル基以外の部分(アルキル鎖)にカルボキシル基、1,3-ジオキソ-2-オキサプロピレン基、エステル基、シアノ基、ヒドロキシル基、アミノ基、アミド基又はイミド基が存在する場合、これらの置換基を親導電性フィラーブロック(A2)とみなし、これらの置換基を除いた部分を親樹脂ブロック(A1)とみなす。
ポリカーボネートについては、1,3-ジオキソ-2-オキサプロピレン基(カーボネート基)以外の部分(アルキル鎖)にカルボキシル基、1,3-ジオキソ-2-オキサプロピレン基、エステル基、シアノ基、ヒドロキシル基、アミノ基、アミド基又はイミド基が存在する場合、これらの置換基を除いた部分を親樹脂ブロック(A1)とみなす。
上記ラクトンとしては、親樹脂ブロック(A1)と親導電性フィラーブロック(A2)の重量比を考慮すると、γ-バレロラクトン、δ-バレロラクトン、ε-カプロラクトンが好ましく、ε-カプロラクトンがより好ましい。
縮合型ポリエステルに使用できる低分子量多価アルコールの内好ましいのは、エチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール、1,4-ブタンジオール、ネオペンチルグリコール、1,6-ヘキサングリコール、ビスフェノールAのEO又はPO低モル付加物及びこれらの併用である。
溶液法における溶媒としては、飽和炭化水素[脂肪族炭化水素(C3~24のものが含まれ、例えばプロパン、ブタン、ヘキサン、オクタン、デカン、ドデカン、ヘキサデカン及びオクタデカン等)、脂環式炭化水素(C3~24のものが含まれ、例えばシクロペンタン、メチルシクロペンタン、シクロヘキサン及びシクロオクタン等)、芳香族炭化水素(C6~12のものが含まれ、例えばベンゼン、トルエン及びキシレン等)、石油留分(C12~60のものが含まれ、例えばガソリン、灯油及び軽油等)等]、重合時に液状であるオレフィン(C31~100のものが含まれ、例えば、低分子量ポリオレフィン等)等が挙げられる。
分散媒としては、上記飽和炭化水素および重合時に液状であるオレフィンなどが挙げられる。
溶液法の場合は、導電性フィラー(C)の分散性及び(A1)の分子量分布の観点から、0~200℃が好ましく、さらに好ましくは10~180℃である。
スラリー法の場合は、導電性フィラー(C)の分散性及び(A1)の分子量分布の観点から、-50~100℃が好ましく、さらに好ましくは0~90℃である。
溶液法及びスラリー法の場合は、導電性フィラー(C)の分散性、(A1)の分子量分布及び経済性の観点から、0.078~0.98MPaが好ましく、さらに好ましくは0.098~0.49MPaである。
重合体(A’1)のMnは、以下の条件でGPC(ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー)測定により求めることができる。
装置:Alliance GPC V2000(Waters社製)
溶媒:オルトジクロロベンゼン
標準物質:ポリスチレン
サンプル濃度:3mg/ml
カラム固定相:PLgel 10μm、MIXED-B 2本直列(ポリマーラボラトリーズ社製)
カラム温度:135℃
上記二重結合量はNMR(核磁気共鳴)法によって測定することができる。
熱減成法には、重合体(A’1)を(1)連続式又は(2)バッチ式で熱減成する方法が含まれる。
(1)の方法は、連続槽に一定流量(10~700kg/h)で供給されるオレフィン重合体を、ラジカル開始剤不存在下では、好ましくは300~450℃で0.5~10時間、また、ラジカル開始剤存在下では、好ましくは180~300℃で0.5~10時間、連続的に熱減成する方法であり、(2)の方法は、閉鎖系反応器中のオレフィン重合体を、上記(1)と同様に有機過酸化物不存在下又は存在下、同様の熱処理条件で熱減成する方法である。
ラジカル開始剤の使用量は、重合体(A’1)の重量に基づいて、導電性フィラー(C)の分散性及び(A)の分子量分布の観点から、0.01~10重量%が好ましく、さらに好ましくは0.1~1重量%である。
これらのうち、不飽和基を導入した重合体(A’’1)へのエチレン性不飽和モノマー(a2)の反応性の観点から、過酸化物が好ましく、さらに好ましくは単官能開始剤、特に好ましくはジ-t-ブチルパーオキシド、ラウロイルパーオキシド及びジクミルパーオキシドである。
溶液法での反応温度は、不飽和基を導入した重合体(A’’1)が溶解する温度であればよく、不飽和基を導入した重合体(A’’1)とエチレン性不飽和モノマー(a2)の反応性の観点から、110~210℃が好ましく、さらに好ましくは120~180℃である。
樹脂集電体用分散剤(A)のMwは、以下の条件でGPC(ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー)測定により求めることができる。
装置:Alliance GPC V2000(Waters社製)
溶媒:オルトジクロロベンゼン
標準物質:ポリスチレン
サンプル濃度:3mg/ml
カラム固定相:PLgel 10μm、MIXED-B 2本直列(ポリマーラボラトリーズ社製)
カラム温度:135℃
本発明の樹脂集電体用材料において、樹脂集電体用分散剤(A)は上記のものである。
電気的安定性の観点から、ポリエチレン(PE)、ポリプロピレン(PP)、ポリメチルペンテン(PMP)及びポリシクロオレフィン(PCO)が好ましく、さらに好ましくはポリエチレン(PE)、ポリプロピレン(PP)及びポリメチルペンテン(PMP)である。
ここで、イオンとは、電池で用いる電荷移動媒体としてのイオンであり、例えば、リチウムイオン電池であればリチウムイオン、ナトリウムイオン電池であればナトリウムイオンを示す。
これらの導電性フィラー(C)は1種単独で用いられてもよいし、2種以上併用してもよい。また、これらの合金又は金属酸化物が用いられてもよい。電気的安定性の観点から、好ましくはニッケル、アルミニウム、ステンレス、カーボン、銀、銅、チタン及びこれらの混合物であり、さらに好ましくはニッケル、銀、アルミニウム、ステンレス及びカーボンであり、特に好ましくはニッケル及びカーボンである。またこれらの導電性フィラー(C)は、粒子系セラミック材料や樹脂材料の周りに導電性材料(上記した(C)のうち金属のもの)をめっき等でコーティングしたものでもよい。
SP値(δ)=(ΔH/V)1/2
但し、式中、ΔHはモル蒸発熱(cal)を、Vはモル体積(cm3)を表す。
また、ΔH及びVは、「POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE,1974,Vol.14,No.2,ROBERT F.FEDORS.(151~153頁)」に記載の原子団のモル蒸発熱の合計(ΔH)とモル体積の合計(V)を用いることができる。
この数値が近いもの同士はお互いに混ざりやすく(相溶性が高い)、この数値が離れているものは混ざりにくいことを表す指標である。
得られた樹脂集電体用材料は、さらにペレタイザーなどによりペレット化または粉末化してもよい。
反応容器に、重合体(A’1-1)[プロピレン98モル%及びエチレン2モル%を構成単位とする重合体、商品名「サンアロマーPZA20A」、サンアロマー(株)製、Mn100,000。]100部を窒素雰囲気下に仕込み、気相部分に窒素を通気しながらマントルヒーターにて加熱溶融し、撹拌しながら360℃で50分間熱減成を行い、不飽和基を有する重合体(A’’1-1)を得た。(A’’1-1)は、炭素1,000個当たりの分子末端二重結合数は5個、重量平均分子量は5,600であった。
製造例1において、熱減成時間を50分間から20分間に変えたこと以外は製造例1と同様に行い、不飽和基を有する重合体(A’’1-2)を得た。(A’’1-2)は、炭素1,000個当たりの分子末端二重結合数は0.3個、重量平均分子量は93,000であった。
製造例1において、重合体(A’1-1)100部に代えて、重合体(A’1-3)[プロピレン80モル%及び1-ブテン20モル%を構成単位とする、商品名「タフマーXM-5080」、三井化学(株)製、Mn90,000。]100部を用いたこと以外は製造例1と同様に行い、不飽和基を有する重合体(A’’1-3)を得た。(A’’1-3)は、炭素1,000個当たりの分子末端二重結合数は4個、重量平均分子量は7,000であった。
製造例1において、重合体(A’1-1)100部に代えて、重合体(A’1-4)[ポリプロピレン、商品名「サンアロマーPM600A」、サンアロマー(株)製。]100部を用いたこと以外は製造例1と同様に行い、不飽和基を有する重合体(A’’1-4)を得た。(A’’1-4)は、炭素1,000個当たりの分子末端二重結合数は4個、重量平均分子量は7,000であった。
製造例1において、重合体(A’1-1)100部に代えて、重合体(A’1-5)[ポリエチレン、商品名「ノバテックLL UE320」、日本ポリエチレン(株)製。]100部を用いたこと以外は製造例1と同様に行い、不飽和基を有する重合体(A’’1-5)を得た。(A’’1-5)は、炭素1,000個当たりの分子末端二重結合数は4個、重量平均分子量は7,000であった。
<実施例1>
反応容器に(A’’1-1)100部、無水マレイン酸11部、キシレン100部を仕込み、窒素置換後、窒素通気下に130℃まで加熱昇温して均一に溶解させた。ここにジクミルパーオキサイド[商品名「パークミルD」、日油(株)製]0.5部をキシレン10部に溶解させた溶液を10分間で滴下した後、キシレン還流下3時間撹拌を続けた。冷却後、析出した樹脂を遠心分離により、取り出した。減圧下(1.5kPa、以下同じ。)、80℃でキシレンを留去し、樹脂集電体用分散剤(A-1)100部を得た。(A-1)は、重量平均分子量20,000であった。
なお、(A)中の官能基の合計濃度は、下記式により求めた。
合計濃度(重量%)=h×i/j/k×100
h:1,3-ジオキソ-2-オキサプロピレン基の分子量:72
i:無水マレイン酸の仕込み量:11
j:無水マレイン酸の分子量:98
k:(A’’1-1)及び無水マレイン酸の合計仕込み量:111
実施例1において、無水マレイン酸11部に代えて、アクリル酸15部を使用したこと以外は、実施例1と同様に行い樹脂集電体用分散剤(A-2)を得た。(A-2)は、重量平均分子量は20,000であった。(A)中の官能基の合計濃度も同様にして求めた。
実施例1において、無水マレイン酸11部に代えて、アミノエチルアクリレート11部を使用したこと以外は、実施例1と同様に行い樹脂集電体用分散剤(A-3)を得た。(A-3)は、重量平均分子量は20,000であった。(A)中の官能基の合計濃度も同様にして求めた。
実施例1において、無水マレイン酸11部に代えて、ヒドロキシエチルアクリレート11部を使用したこと以外は、実施例1と同様に行い樹脂集電体用分散剤(A-4)を得た。(A-4)は、重量平均分子量は20,000であった。(A)中の官能基の合計濃度も同様にして求めた。
実施例1において、無水マレイン酸11部に代えて、N-メチルアクリルアミド11部を使用したこと以外は、実施例1と同様に行い樹脂集電体用分散剤(A-5)を得た。(A-5)は、重量平均分子量は20,000であった。(A)中の官能基の合計濃度も同様にして求めた。
実施例1において、無水マレイン酸11部に代えて、マレイン酸イミド9部を使用したこと以外は、実施例1と同様に行い樹脂集電体用分散剤(A-6)を得た。(A-6)は、重量平均分子量は20,000であった。(A)中の官能基の合計濃度も同様にして求めた。
実施例1において、(A’’1-1)100部に代えて、(A’’1-2)100部を使用したこと以外は、実施例1と同様に行い樹脂集電体用分散剤(A-7)を得た。(A-7)は、重量平均分子量は100,000であった。(A)中の官能基の合計濃度も同様にして求めた。
実施例1において、(A’’1-1)100部に代えて、(A’’1-3)100部を使用したこと、無水マレイン酸11部に代えて、無水マレイン酸30部及びスチレン17部を使用した以外は、実施例1と同様に行い樹脂集電体用分散剤(A-8)を得た。(A-8)は、重量平均分子量は20,000であった。(A)中の官能基の合計濃度も同様にして求めた。
実施例1において、(A’’1-1)100部に代えて、(A’’1-4)100部を使用したこと以外は、実施例1と同様に行い樹脂集電体用分散剤(A-9)を得た。(A-9)は、重量平均分子量は20,000であった。
実施例1において、(A’’1-1)100部に代えて、(A’’1-5)100部を使用したこと以外は、実施例1と同様に行い樹脂集電体用分散剤(A-10)を得た。(A-10)は、重量平均分子量は20,000であった。
実施例1において、無水マレイン酸11部に代えて、メチルアクリレート11部を使用したこと以外は、実施例1と同様に行い樹脂集電体用分散剤(A-11)を得た。(A-11)は、重量平均分子量が20,000であった。
実施例1において、無水マレイン酸11部に代えて、アクリロニトリル15部を使用したこと以外は、実施例1と同様に行い樹脂集電体用分散剤(A-12)を得た。(A-12)は、重量平均分子量が20,000であった。
ポリカプロラクトン[商品名[SOLPLUS DP330]、日本ルーブリゾール(株)製]を準備し、樹脂集電体用分散剤(A-13)とした。樹脂集電体用分散剤(A-13)は不飽和基を有しておらず、重量平均分子量は15,000であった。
カルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウム塩〔第一工業製薬(株)製、商品名:セロゲンF-BSH4〕を樹脂集電体用分散剤(A-14)として用いた。
<実施例14>
2軸押出機にて、ポリプロピレン[商品名「サンアロマーPL500A」、サンアロマー(株)製](B-1)85部、アセチレンブラック(C-1)10部、樹脂集電体用分散剤(A-1)5部を180℃、100rpm、滞留時間5分の条件で溶融混練して樹脂集電体用材料(Z-1)を得た。
得られた(Z-1)を、熱プレス機により圧延することで、膜厚100μmの樹脂集電体(X-1)を得た。
実施例14において、表2に記載の組成で溶融混錬し、樹脂集電体用材料(Z-2)~(Z-20)及び樹脂集電体(X-2)~(X-20)を得た。
実施例14において、表2に記載の組成で溶融混錬し、樹脂集電体用材料(Z-21)~(Z-22)及び樹脂集電体(X-21)~(X-22)を得た。
(B-1):ポリプロピレン[商品名「サンアロマーPL500A」、サンアロマー(株)製]
(B-2):ポリエチレン[商品名「ノバテックLL UE320」、日本ポリエチレン(株)製]
(B-3):スチレンブタジエンゴム[商品名「Nipol1502」、日本ゼオン(株)製]
(B-4):ポリエチレンテレフタレート[商品名「クラペットKS460K」、(株)クラレ製]
(C-1):アセチレンブラック[電気化学工業(株)製]
(C-2):ケッチェンブラック[ライオン(株)製]
(C-3):ニッケル粒子[Type255、ヴァーレ・ジャパン(株)製]
(C-4):SUS361L粒子[PF-3F、エプソンアトミックス(株)製]
電気抵抗値(表面抵抗率)は、JIS K 7194(導電性プラスチックの4探針法による抵抗率試験方法)に準拠し、測定した。評価結果を表2に示す。
樹脂集電体中の導電性フィラーの分散状態を電子顕微鏡で観察し、下記基準で評価した。
○ ; 500nm以上の凝集物が存在しない。
△ ; 均一に分散できているが、一部に500nm以上の凝集物が導電性フィラー粒子の個数当たり50%未満存在する。
× ; 分散が不均一であり、500nm以上の凝集物が導電性フィラー粒子の個数当たり50~100%存在している。
Claims (13)
- 親樹脂ブロック(A1)と親導電性フィラーブロック(A2)とを有する重合体からなる樹脂集電体用分散剤であって、
前記親樹脂ブロック(A1)が、炭素数2~30のオレフィン(a1)を必須構成単量体とするポリマーブロックであり、前記親導電性フィラーブロック(A2)が有する官能基が、カルボキシル基、1,3-ジオキソ-2-オキサプロピレン基、エステル基、シアノ基、ヒドロキシル基、アミノ基、アミド基及びイミド基からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種である、又は、
親樹脂ブロック(A1)と親導電性フィラーブロック(A2)とを有する重合体が、開環重合型ポリエステル、脱水縮合型ポリエステル、若しくは、ポリカーボネートであることを特徴とする樹脂集電体用分散剤(A)。 - 前記樹脂集電体用分散剤(A)中のカルボキシル基、1,3-ジオキソ-2-オキサプロピレン基、エステル基、シアノ基、ヒドロキシル基、アミノ基、アミド基及びイミド基の合計濃度が、前記樹脂集電体用分散剤(A)の重量を基準として1~40重量%である請求項1に記載の樹脂集電体用分散剤。
- 前記親樹脂ブロック(A1)と前記親導電性フィラーブロック(A2)との重量比{(A1)/(A2)}が50/50~99/1である請求項1又は2に記載の樹脂集電体用分散剤。
- 前記親導電性フィラーブロック(A2)が、カルボキシル基、1,3-ジオキソ-2-オキサプロピレン基、エステル基、シアノ基、ヒドロキシル基、アミノ基、アミド基及びイミド基からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の官能基を有するエチレン性不飽和モノマー(a2)を必須構成単量体とするポリマーブロックである請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の樹脂集電体用分散剤。
- 前記親導電性フィラーブロック(A2)を構成する単量体中の前記エチレン性不飽和モノマー(a2)の割合が、前記親導電性フィラーブロック(A2)の重量を基準として50~100重量%である請求項4に記載の樹脂集電体用分散剤。
- 前記親樹脂ブロック(A1)が、エチレン及びプロピレンを必須構成単量体とするポリマーブロック、ポリエチレンブロック並びにポリプロピレンブロックからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種のブロックである請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の樹脂集電体用分散剤。
- 前記樹脂集電体用分散剤(A)の重量平均分子量が10,000~100,000である請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の樹脂集電体用分散剤。
- 請求項1~7のいずれかに記載の樹脂集電体用分散剤(A)、樹脂(B)及び導電性フィラー(C)を含有する樹脂集電体用材料。
- 前記樹脂(B)が、ポリエチレン(PE)、ポリプロピレン(PP)、ポリメチルペンテン(PMP)、ポリシクロオレフィン(PCO)、ポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)、ポリエーテルニトリル(PEN)、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン(PTFE)、スチレンブタジエンゴム(SBR)、ポリアクリロニトリル(PAN)、ポリメチルアクリレート(PMA)、ポリメチルメタクリレート(PMMA)、ポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVdF)、エポキシ樹脂、シリコーン樹脂又はこれらの混合物である請求項8に記載の樹脂集電体用材料。
- 前記導電性フィラー(C)がニッケル、アルミニウム、ステンレス、カーボン、銀、銅、チタン又はこれらの混合物である請求項8又は9に記載の樹脂集電体用材料。
- 前記樹脂(B)の溶解度パラメータと前記樹脂集電体用分散剤(A)中の前記親樹脂ブロック(A1)の溶解度パラメータとの差の絶対値|{(B)の溶解度パラメータ}-{(A1)の溶解度パラメータ}|が1.0(cal/cm3)1/2以下である請求項8~10のいずれかに記載の樹脂集電体用材料。
- 前記樹脂集電体用材料の重量を基準として、前記樹脂集電体用分散剤(A)が1~20重量%、前記樹脂(B)が20~98重量%、前記導電性フィラー(C)が1~79重量%である請求項8~11のいずれかに記載の樹脂集電体用材料。
- 請求項8~12のいずれかに記載の樹脂集電体用材料を有する樹脂集電体。
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EP3021390B1 (en) | 2020-01-22 |
CN105378990B (zh) | 2017-12-08 |
JPWO2015005116A1 (ja) | 2017-03-02 |
EP3021390A1 (en) | 2016-05-18 |
US20160149223A1 (en) | 2016-05-26 |
KR102030299B1 (ko) | 2019-10-08 |
KR102018417B1 (ko) | 2019-09-04 |
KR20180004852A (ko) | 2018-01-12 |
EP3021390A4 (en) | 2016-12-14 |
US10135073B2 (en) | 2018-11-20 |
US10916779B2 (en) | 2021-02-09 |
CN105378990A (zh) | 2016-03-02 |
KR20160025020A (ko) | 2016-03-07 |
JP6122115B2 (ja) | 2017-04-26 |
US20190020039A1 (en) | 2019-01-17 |
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