WO2014044182A1 - 一种用于去除放射性废水中Cs离子的磁核包覆型无机离子吸附剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种用于去除放射性废水中Cs离子的磁核包覆型无机离子吸附剂及其制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2014044182A1
WO2014044182A1 PCT/CN2013/083734 CN2013083734W WO2014044182A1 WO 2014044182 A1 WO2014044182 A1 WO 2014044182A1 CN 2013083734 W CN2013083734 W CN 2013083734W WO 2014044182 A1 WO2014044182 A1 WO 2014044182A1
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adsorbent
composite
coated
concentration
solution
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French (fr)
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赵璇
尉继英
李福志
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清华大学
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/0203Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of metals not provided for in B01J20/04
    • B01J20/0225Compounds of Fe, Ru, Os, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, Pt
    • B01J20/0229Compounds of Fe
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B01J20/02Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/06Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group B01J20/04
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B01J20/02Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/10Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
    • B01J20/103Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate comprising silica
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    • B01J20/28002Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
    • B01J20/28004Sorbent size or size distribution, e.g. particle size
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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    • B01J20/28004Sorbent size or size distribution, e.g. particle size
    • B01J20/28007Sorbent size or size distribution, e.g. particle size with size in the range 1-100 nanometers, e.g. nanosized particles, nanofibers, nanotubes, nanowires or the like
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    • B01J20/28002Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
    • B01J20/28009Magnetic properties
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B01J20/30Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
    • B01J20/32Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating
    • B01J20/3202Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating characterised by the carrier, support or substrate used for impregnation or coating
    • B01J20/3204Inorganic carriers, supports or substrates
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B01J20/30Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
    • B01J20/32Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating
    • B01J20/3231Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating characterised by the coating or impregnating layer
    • B01J20/3234Inorganic material layers
    • B01J20/3236Inorganic material layers containing metal, other than zeolites, e.g. oxides, hydroxides, sulphides or salts
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/30Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
    • B01J20/32Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating
    • B01J20/3231Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating characterised by the coating or impregnating layer
    • B01J20/3289Coatings involving more than one layer of same or different nature
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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    • B01J20/30Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
    • B01J20/32Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating
    • B01J20/3291Characterised by the shape of the carrier, the coating or the obtained coated product
    • B01J20/3293Coatings on a core, the core being particle or fiber shaped, e.g. encapsulated particles, coated fibers
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/28Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
    • C02F1/281Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using inorganic sorbents
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/28Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
    • C02F1/288Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using composite sorbents, e.g. coated, impregnated, multi-layered
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/48Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with magnetic or electric fields
    • C02F1/488Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with magnetic or electric fields for separation of magnetic materials, e.g. magnetic flocculation
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/006Radioactive compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/20Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/34Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from industrial activities not provided for in groups C02F2103/12 - C02F2103/32

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an inorganic ion adsorbent for removing Cs ions in radioactive waste water and a preparation method thereof, in particular to a preparation method of a composite adsorbent, which has magnetic Fe 3 0 4 as a core and a surface coated dense
  • the Si0 2 single layer acts as a protective layer
  • the active component is a metal ion-stabilized potassium ferrocyanide coated on the outermost layer, wherein the stable metal ions include Ti(VI), Zn(II), Cu(II), Ni. (II), Co(II), and B Zr (VI).
  • the invention belongs to the technical field of inorganic material preparation and radioactive wastewater treatment. Background technique
  • the low-level wastewater treatment in China's nuclear industry has always used the traditional three-stage treatment process, namely flocculation and sedimentation-evaporation-ion exchange.
  • membrane technology has gradually been applied in the field of low-level wastewater treatment, showing a trend to replace traditional processes.
  • Membrane technology has a wide treatment range, which can remove particulate matter, colloids, organic matter and other impurities in water, and remove most of the salt and radionuclide.
  • the effluent activity can reach a lower level.
  • inorganic adsorbents to remove nuclides is also a way to treat low-level wastewater.
  • the inorganic adsorbent has high selectivity to trace nuclide ions and high decontamination efficiency. It can selectively adsorb trace nuclide ions from high salinity radioactive wastewater, which is suitable for treating non-continuously produced, single species. , dispersed radioactive wastewater.
  • inorganic adsorbents have good thermal and chemical stability and strong radiation resistance. Saturated inorganic materials have high stability in long-term geological storage and are easy to handle and dispose of.
  • the main radioactive materials include long-lived fission products 134 Cs/ 137 Cs with beta radioactivity.
  • the partition coefficient can reach 10 4 to 10 6 (Nucle Science and Engineering, 137, 206-214, 2001).
  • Powder ferrocyanide particle size is small, solid-liquid phase separation is difficult, it is difficult to apply directly Radioactive wastewater treatment.
  • domestic and foreign counterparts usually use formed silica as an immobilization carrier to support ferrocyanide (Separation and Purification Technology 16, 147-158, 1999), or combine ferrocyanide with PAN to make inorganic
  • the particle size of the adsorbent prepared according to the above method is mostly in the order of millimeters, and the mechanical properties of the adsorbent are improved, and it can be used for the loading of a fixed bed, but the reaction efficiency and the adsorption capacity are decreased. This is due to: The adsorption process occurring at the inorganic adsorbent/solution interface, the adsorption rate is determined by the diffusion from the solution to the interfacial layer and the internal diffusion of the adsorbent particles, respectively, with r (r is the particle radius) and r 2 In inverse proportion, therefore increasing the particle size often comes at the expense of adsorption mass transfer kinetics. In addition, the increase in ferrocyanide particles leads to the incomplete use of the inner adsorbent (Nuclear Chemistry and Radiochemistry, 23, 108-113, 2001). Summary of the invention
  • the invention is directed to the problem that the solid-liquid phase separation by the direct application of the ferrocyanide powder is difficult, and the problem that the composite adsorbent particles have large particle size, low adsorption capacity and poor mass transfer conditions in the conventional immobilization technology, and the design
  • a magnetic composite adsorbent with shell-core structure was developed. Based on the composite magnetic carrier Fe 3 0 4 coated with Si0 2 on the surface, a micron-sized magnetic core coated ferrocyanide composite adsorbent was constructed.
  • the adsorbent has a multi-layer structure, and its characteristics are as follows:
  • the invention coats the metal ion-stabilized ferrocyanide adsorbing material on the surface of the Fe 3 0 4 magnetic core, and constructs a magnetic composite adsorbent having a size of micron, which can greatly reduce the particle size of the adsorbent and increase the specific surface area. Thereby increasing the adsorption efficiency and adsorption capacity of the Cs ions.
  • the solid-liquid phase separation and the recovery of the adsorbent can be quickly realized by using the external magnetic field in the work, thereby avoiding the problem that the solid-liquid phase is difficult to be separated due to the reduction of the adsorbent size.
  • the technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
  • the zirconium isopropoxide was dissolved in isopropanol to control the volume ratio of zirconium isopropoxide to isopropanol to be 0.01:1 to 0.1:1 to form a reserve solution A2.
  • the ultrapure water resistivity is not less than 16 ⁇ ⁇ , forming a reserve solution.
  • the volume ratio of isopropyl alcohol to water is 5: 1 ⁇ 2: 1.
  • M Co, Ni, Cu or Zn
  • the precipitate was separated by an external magnetic field, and the precipitate was thoroughly washed with ultrapure water until the rinse was colorless, and then washed with absolute ethanol.
  • the sample was placed in a vacuum oven at 60-80 ° C. After drying for 10 ⁇ 12h, a black-blue magnetic core coated composite adsorbent is obtained.
  • the composite support Fe 3 0 4 /Si0 2 used in the above step 1 has the following characteristics:
  • the magnetic core Fe 3 0 4 has a particle diameter of 10 to 60 nm, a specific saturation magnetization of more than 75 emu/g, and an organic content of less than 1%.
  • the composite support Fe 3 0 4 /Si0 2 has a specific saturation magnetization of more than 70 emu/g, and is excellent in oxidation resistance and acid and alkali resistance.
  • the Fe 3 0 4 /Si0 2 /K4_ y M x [Fe(CN) 6 ] composite adsorbent prepared in the above step 2 has the following characteristics:
  • the magnetic core coated ferrocyanide composite adsorbent of the invention has the following structural characteristics: 1.
  • the core of the adsorbent is Fe 3 0 4 nanoparticles, in order to ensure the magnetic separation effect of the composite adsorbent in use,
  • the specific saturation magnetization of Fe 3 0 4 is greater than 75emu/g. 2.
  • Coating the dense layer of Si0 2 on the surface of Fe 3 0 4 can inhibit the oxidation of magnetic core material, stabilize the magnetic properties of the material and improve the acid and alkali resistance of the material.
  • the surface of Fe 3 0 4 /Si0 2 is coated with a single layer of hydrated metal oxide of Ti, Co, Cu, Ni, Zn, Zr, and these hydrated oxides can undergo hydroxyl polymerization with the surface of SiO 2 , M-0-Si bond is generated to make metal ions firmly grow on the surface of SiO 2 ; 4.
  • the composite magnetic material Fe 3 0 4 /Si0 2 /M (VH 2 0 is reacted with potassium ferrocyanide solution to form Fe 3 0 4 /Si0 2 /K4_ y M x [Fe(CN) 6 ].
  • the metal ion M functions both as a stabilizing ferrocyanide and as a bridge for combining ferrocyanide with a composite carrier. Improves the bonding strength of the composite adsorbent.
  • ferrocyanide is the most in composite adsorbent Layer, will help improve the effective utilization of adsorbent.
  • the adsorption coefficient Kd of the composite adsorbent for Cs + is 10 4 ⁇ 10 7 mL / g
  • Ks Cs/Na 10 3 ⁇ 10 5
  • Ks Cs / K 10 3 ⁇ 10 4
  • the organic template is not used in the whole preparation process, and there is no organic residue in the composite adsorbent, which improves the stability of the material during use.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a magnetic core-coated ferrocyanide deuterium adsorbent
  • Figure 3 is an FT-IR diagram of magnetic core coated potassium ferrocyanide
  • Figure 4 is a TEM image of magnetic core coated potassium ferrocyanide
  • Fig. 5 is an SEM image of magnetic core coated potassium ferrocyanide. detailed description
  • the obtained precipitate was separated by an external magnetic field, washed with absolute ethanol for 3 to 4 times, and dried in a vacuum oven at 80 ° C for 10 hours to obtain a composite magnetic material Fe 3 0 4 with a surface Ti0 2 coating amount of 55 wt%. Si0 2 /Ti0 2 -H 2 0, the specific saturation magnetization was 42.5 emu/g.
  • the sample is dried in a vacuum oven at 60-80 ° C for 10 to 12 hours to obtain a black-blue Fe 3 0 4 /Si0. 2 / K4_ y Ti x [Fe(CN) 6 ] composite adsorbent, the XRD and FT-IR results are shown in Figures 2 and 3.
  • the results of the TEM measurement are shown in Fig. 4.
  • the individual sample particles are in the shape of a cube with a particle size ranging from 50 to 200 nm.
  • the results of the SEM measurement are shown in Fig. 5.
  • the aggregates of the particles become agglomerates of about 1.0 to 4.0 ⁇ m;
  • the magnetization intensity is 6.2 emu/go.
  • a hydrated Zr0 2 coating layer was prepared on the surface of the composite magnetic carrier Fe 3 0 4 /SiO 2 by a sol-gel method, and then a Zr ion-stabilized potassium ferrocyanide adsorbent was prepared.
  • the specific steps are:
  • the solution A was slowly dropped into the reaction system at room temperature, and after completion of the dropwise addition, the reaction was stirred at room temperature for 5 hours.
  • the obtained precipitate was separated by an external magnetic field, washed with absolute ethanol for 3 to 4 times, and dried in a vacuum oven at 80 ° C for 10 hours to obtain a composite magnetic material Fe 3 0 4 having a surface Zr0 2 coating amount of 54.2% by weight. /Si0 2 /Zr0 2 '3 ⁇ 40, specific saturation magnetization 44.6emu/g.
  • the concentration of potassium ferrocyanide is 0.5 ⁇ 1.0 mol/ L
  • HC1 concentration is 1.0 mol / L.
  • the system is reacted at room temperature, stirred with a polytetrafluorosilane stirrer for 30 minutes every three hours, and after 24 hours of reaction, the precipitate is separated by an external magnetic field, and the precipitate is sufficiently washed with ultrapure water until the rinse liquid is colorless.
  • a hydrated ZnO coating layer was prepared on the surface of Fe 3 0 4 /SiO 2 by a deposition precipitation method, followed by preparation of a Zn ion-stabilized potassium ferrocyanide adsorbent. The specific steps are:
  • the precipitate After aging for 2 to 4 hours at room temperature, the precipitate is separated by an external magnetic field, first washed with ultrapure water until the pH is neutral, and then washed with absolute ethanol for 3 to 4 times, in a vacuum oven at 80 ° C After drying for 10 h, a composite magnetic material Fe 3 0 4 /SiO 2 /ZnO 3 ⁇ 40 with a coating amount of ZnO of 48.6 wt% was obtained, and the specific saturation magnetization was 42.8 emu/g.
  • the system is reacted at room temperature, stirred with a polytetrafluorosilane stirrer for 30 minutes every three hours, and after 24 hours of reaction, the precipitate is separated by an external magnetic field, and the precipitate is sufficiently washed with ultrapure water until the washing liquid is colorless, and then After washing with absolute ethanol for 2 ⁇ 3 times, the sample was dried in a vacuum oven at 80 ° C for 10 h to obtain a black-blue Fe 3 0 4 /Si0 2 /K 2 Zn[Fe(CN) 6 ] composite adsorbent, SEM The particle size after agglomeration is 1.0 ⁇ 5.0 ⁇ .
  • a hydrated CuO coating layer was prepared on the surface of Fe 3 0 4 /SiO 2 by a deposition precipitation method, followed by preparation of a Cu ion-stabilized potassium ferrocyanide adsorbent. The specific steps are:
  • the precipitate After aging for 2 to 4 hours at room temperature, the precipitate is separated by an external magnetic field, first washed with ultrapure water until the pH is neutral, and then washed with absolute ethanol for 3 to 4 times, in a vacuum oven at 80 ° C drying 10h, a CuO coating amount of 41.6wt% composite magnetic Fe 3 0 4 / Si0 2 / CuOH 2 0, the saturation magnetization greater than 46.3emu / g.
  • the system is reacted at room temperature, stirred with a polytetrafluorosilane stirrer for 30 minutes every three hours, and after 24 hours of reaction, the precipitate is separated by an external magnetic field, and the precipitate is sufficiently washed with ultrapure water until the washing liquid is colorless, and then After washing with absolute ethanol for 2 ⁇ 3 times, the sample was dried in a vacuum oven at 80 ° C for 10 h to obtain a black-blue Fe 3 0 4 /Si0 2 /K4_ y Cu x [Fe(CN) 6 ] composite adsorbent.
  • Example 5 Preparation of magnetic core coated nickel ferrocyanide A hydrated NiO coating layer was prepared on the surface of Fe 3 0 4 /SiO 2 by a deposition precipitation method, followed by preparation of a Ni 2+ ion-stabilized potassium ferrocyanide adsorbent. The specific steps are:
  • Ni(N0 3 ) 2 or NiS0 4 Dissolve Ni(N0 3 ) 2 or NiS0 4 in 100 mL of absolute ethanol or isopropanol to make the concentration of Ni 2+ 0.05-0.06 mol/L, respectively.
  • a composite magnetic carrier Fe 3 0 4 /SiO 2 of 1.0 g was added thereto, and ultrasonically dispersed for 30 min. Slowly drip 0.02 ⁇ 0.05mol/L NaOH aqueous solution into the reaction system at room temperature, and stir evenly with a polytetrafluorosilane stirrer until the end point pH is 10 ⁇ 12.
  • the precipitate After aging for 2 to 4 hours at room temperature, the precipitate is separated by an external magnetic field, first washed with ultrapure water until the pH is neutral, and then washed with absolute ethanol for 3 to 4 times, in a vacuum oven at 80 ° C After drying for 10 h, a composite magnetic material Fe 3 0 4 /SiO 2 /NiO 3 ⁇ 40 having a coating amount of NiO of 45.6 wt% was obtained, and the specific saturation magnetization was 45.1 emu/g.
  • the system is reacted at room temperature, stirred with a polytetrafluorosilane stirrer for 30 minutes every three hours, and after 24 hours of reaction, the precipitate is separated by an external magnetic field, and the precipitate is sufficiently washed with ultrapure water until the washing liquid is colorless, and then After washing with absolute ethanol for 2 ⁇ 3 times, the sample was dried in a vacuum oven at 80 ° C for 10 h to obtain a black-blue Fe 3 0 4 /Si0 2 /K4_ y Ni x [Fe(CN) 6 ] composite adsorbent.
  • a hydrated CoO coating layer was prepared on the surface of Fe 3 0 4 /SiO 2 by a deposition precipitation method, followed by preparation of a Co ion-stabilized potassium ferrocyanide adsorbent. The specific steps are:
  • Co(N0 3 ) 2 was dissolved in 100 mL of absolute ethanol or isopropanol so that the concentration of Co 2+ was 0.06 mol/L, respectively.
  • a composite magnetic carrier Fe 3 0 4 /SiO 2 of 1.0 g was added thereto, and ultrasonically dispersed for 30 min. Slowly drip 0.02 ⁇ 0.05mol/L NaOH aqueous solution into the reaction system at room temperature, and stir evenly with a polytetrafluorosilane stirrer until the end point pH is 10 ⁇ 12.
  • the precipitate After aging for 2 to 4 hours at room temperature, the precipitate is separated by an external magnetic field, first washed with ultrapure water until the pH is neutral, and then washed with absolute ethanol for 3 to 4 times, at 80 ° C in a vacuum oven. After drying for 10 h, a CoO coating amount of 44.3 wt% of Fe 3 0 4 /SiO 2 /CoOH 2 0 was obtained, and the specific saturation magnetization was 47.1 emu/g.

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Abstract

一种用于去除放射性废水中Cs离子的微米级磁核包覆型亚铁氰化物吸附剂及其制备方法,该吸附剂以磁性Fe3O4为核,其表面包覆致密的SiO2单层作为保护层,活性组分为包覆在外层的金属离子稳定型亚铁氰化钾,其中稳定金属离子包括Ti、Zn、Cu、Ni、Co和Zr。吸附剂粒径为0.2-5μm,最外层的吸附剂有利于提高对Cs+离子的吸附效率,采用外加磁场实现固液相分离。制备方法为:在Fe3O4/SiO2表面包覆Ti、Zr或Co、Ni、Cu、Zn的水合金属氧化物,形成复合磁性材料;最后将复合磁性材料与亚铁氰化钾溶液反应,形成所需的复合吸附剂。

Description

一种用于去除放射性废水中 Cs离子的磁核包覆型无机离子吸附剂及 其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于去除放射性废水中 Cs 离子的无机离子吸附 剂及其制备方法, 特别涉及一种复合吸附剂的制备方法, 该材料以磁 性 Fe304为核,表面包覆致密的 Si02单层作为保护层,活性组分为包 覆在最外层的金属离子稳定型亚铁氰化钾, 其中稳定金属离子包括 Ti(VI)、 Zn(II)、 Cu(II)、 Ni(II)、 Co(II)禾 B Zr (VI)等。 本发明属于无机 材料制备及放射性废水处理技术领域。 背景技术
我国核工业领域的低放废水处理一直采用传统的三段处理工艺, 即絮凝沉降一蒸发一离子交换。近年来, 膜技术在低放废水处理领域 逐渐得到应用, 呈现出取代传统工艺的趋势。膜技术处理范围宽, 可 以依次去除水中颗粒物质、 胶体、 有机物等杂质, 并去除大部分盐分 以及放射性核素, 出水放射性活度可以达到较低的水平。
利用无机吸附剂去除核素, 也是一种处理低放废水的办法。 无机 吸附剂对痕量核素离子的选择性高, 去污效率高, 可以从高含盐量的 放射性废水中选择性吸附痕量核素离子, 适合于处理非连续产生的、 核素种类单一、 分散的放射性废水。此外, 无机吸附剂的热稳定性和 化学稳定性好、耐辐照性能强, 饱和的无机材料在长期地质储存中具 有高度的稳定性, 易于处理、 处置。
核电站运行和事故条件下产生的放射性废水中, 主要含有的放射 性物质包括具有 β放射性的长寿命裂变产物 134Cs/137Cs等。金属离子 (Ti、 Co、 Cu、 Zn、 Ni、 Zr等)稳定型亚铁氰化物可以在 pH=l〜13 的范围, 从高盐度低放废水中高效选择性吸附 Cs离子, Cs离子的分 配系数可以达到 104〜106 ( Nuclear Science and Engineering, 137, 206-214, 2001 )。
粉体亚铁氰化物颗粒度小、 固液相的分离困难, 难以直接应用于 放射性废水处理。针对此问题, 国内外同行通常采用成形的二氧化硅 作为固定化载体负载亚铁氰化物 ( Separation and Purification Technology 16,147-158,1999),或将亚铁氰化物与 PAN 结合制成无机
/有机杂化小球(中国专利 CN1319849A)。根据以上方法制备的吸附 剂颗粒粒径多为毫米级, 吸附剂的机械性能得到提高, 可以用于固定 床的装填, 但是反应效率和吸附容量却下降。 这是由于: 发生于无机 吸附剂 /溶液界面的吸附过程, 其吸附速率决定于从溶液到界面层的 扩散和吸附剂颗粒内部扩散两个过程, 分别与 r (r为颗粒半径) 及 r2成反比, 因此增加颗粒尺寸往往以牺牲吸附传质动力学为代价。 此 外亚铁氰化物颗粒增大会导致内层吸附剂不能完全利用(核化学与放 射化学 ,23, 108-113, 2001 )。 发明内容
本发明针对直接应用亚铁氰化物粉体带来的固液相分离困难的问 题, 以及现有固载化技术中复合吸附剂颗粒粒径大、 吸附容量低、传 质条件差的问题, 设计开发一种具有壳-核结构的磁性复合吸附剂, 以表面单层包覆 Si02的复合磁性载体 Fe304为基础,构筑微米级磁核 包覆型亚铁氰化物复合吸附剂。该吸附剂具有多层结构,其特点如下: 吸附剂的核心为磁性 Fe304纳米粒子, 粒径范围在 10~60nm, 比饱和 磁化强度大于 75emu/g; 在磁核 Fe304表面包覆 Si02致密单层, 起到 稳定材料磁性以及提高材料耐酸碱特性的作用;在 Fe304/Si02表面包 覆水合金属氧化物 ΜΟχ·Η20 (M=Ti、 Co、 Cu、 Ni、 Zn、 Zr) 的单层 作为过渡层; 通过过渡层中稳定金属离子 M与亚铁氰化钾溶液进行 反应, 形成 Fe304/Si02/K4_yMx[Fe(CN)6], 将吸附剂活性组分包覆在材 料的最外层。
本发明将金属离子稳定型亚铁氰化物吸附材料包覆在 Fe304磁核 表面, 构筑尺寸为微米量级的磁性复合吸附剂, 可以大幅度降低吸附 剂的颗粒尺寸, 提高比表面积, 从而提高对 Cs离子的吸附效率和吸 附容量。 另外, 通过在吸附剂内部预设磁性材料, 工作中利用外加磁 场, 可以快速实现固液相分离和吸附剂的回收, 从而避免了由于降低 吸附剂尺寸而导致的固液相难以分离的问题。 本发明技术方案如下:
1. 在 Fe304/Si02表面制备水合金属氧化物过渡层
1 ) 采用溶胶凝胶法制备水合氧化钛及氧化锆过渡层
a) 将钛酸四丁酯溶解于异丙醇中, 控制钛酸四丁酯与异丙醇的体 积比为 0.005: 1~0.05: 1, 形成备用溶液 Al。 将异丙醇锆溶解于异丙醇 中, 控制异丙醇锆与异丙醇的体积比为 0.01 : 1~0.1 : 1, 形成备用溶液 A2。 将异丙醇与超纯水混合, 超纯水电阻率不低于 16ΜΩ ιη, 形成 备用溶液 Β, 异丙醇与水的体积比为 5: 1~2: 1。
b) 将表面包覆有致密单层 Si02的复合磁性载体 Fe304/Si02加入 溶液 B中, 超声分散 30 min, 之后加入浓氨水, 用聚四氟搅拌器搅 拌均匀。 控制 Fe304/Si02与溶液 B 的质量体积比浓度在 0.005~0.02 g/mL范围, 浓氨水与溶液 B的体积比在 0.02: 1~0.05: 1范围。
c) 在室温下将溶液 A1缓慢滴入反应体系, 控制每克 Fe304/Si02 加入钛酸四丁酯的量为 2.0~3.0mL, 滴加完毕后在室温下搅拌反应 4~6小时。 获得的沉淀物用外置磁场分离, 用无水乙醇清洗, 在真空 烘箱内 60~80°C下干燥 10~12h, 得到表面 Ti02包覆量为 50~55wt% 的复合磁性材料 Fe304/Si02/Ti(VH20,比饱和磁化强度大于 40emu/g。
d) 同样的操作条件下, 将溶液 A2缓慢滴入反应体系, 控制每克 Fe304/Si02加入异丙醇锆的量为 1.5~2.5mL, 滴加完毕后在室温下搅 拌反应 4~6小时。 获得的沉淀物用外置磁场分离, 用无水乙醇清洗, 在真空烘箱内 60~80°C 下干燥 10~12h, 获得表面 Zr02包覆量为 40~50wt%的复合磁性材料 Fe304/Si02/Zr02_H20, 比饱和磁化强度大 于 40emu/go
2 )采用表面沉积沉淀法制备水合氧化铜、 氧化锌、 氧化镍及氧化 钴过渡层
a) 分别将 Co2+、 Ni2+、 Cu2+和 Zn2+的可溶性硫酸盐、 醋酸盐、 硝 酸盐或氯化物溶解于 lOOmL的无水乙醇或异丙醇中, 分别制成溶液 C_c。、 C_Ni、 C_Cu、 C_Zn, 各溶液中离子的摩尔浓度均控制在 0.04~0.06mol/L范围。
b) 将表面包覆有致密单层 Si02的复合磁性载体 Fe304/Si02加入 所制备溶液中, 超声分散 30min, 其中 Fe304/Si02的质量体积比浓度 控制在 0.005~0.015 g/mL范围。
c)在室温下将 0.02~0.05mol/L的 NaOH水溶液缓慢滴入反应体系, 用聚四氟搅拌器搅拌均匀,控制各离子沉积终点的 pH分别为一 Zn: 6.5-8; Cu: 7~9; Ni/Co: 10~12。反应体系在室温下陈化 2~4小时之后 用外置磁场分离,先用超纯水清洗至 pH为中性,再用无水乙醇清洗, 在真空烘箱内 60~80°C下干燥 10~12h,获得表面包覆量为 40~50wt% 的 Fe304/Si02/MO¾0 (M= Co、 Ni、 Cu或 Zn), 比饱和磁化强度均 大于 40emu/g o
2. 亚铁氰化物吸附剂的制备
将以上制备的 Fe304/Si02/MOx'H20 (M= Ti、 Zr、 Zn、 Cu、 Ni和 Co) 浸泡在亚铁氰化钾的盐酸溶液中, 其中亚铁氰化钾的浓度为 0.5~1.5 mol/L, 盐酸的浓度为 1.0~2.0 mol/L, Fe304/Si02/MOx'¾0的质量体 积比浓度为 0.01g~0.03 g/mL。 该体系在室温下反应, 每隔 2~4小时 搅拌 30min。 反应 20~24 h之后用外置磁场分离出沉淀物, 用超纯水 充分洗涤沉淀物, 至冲洗液为无色为止, 再用无水乙醇清洗, 样品在 真空烘箱内 60~80°C下干燥 10~12h, 得到黑蓝色的磁核包覆型复合 吸附剂。
3. 以上歩骤 1中所采用的复合载体 Fe304/Si02具有以下特征: 磁核 Fe304的粒径在 10~60nm、 比饱和磁化强度大于 75emu/g、 有机 物含量低于 1%。复合载体 Fe304/Si02的比饱和磁化强度大于 70emu/g, 耐氧化和耐酸碱特性好。
4. 以上歩骤 2中制备获得的 Fe304/Si02/K4_yMx[Fe(CN)6]复合吸附剂 具有以下特征:
样品粒径范围在 0.2~5.0 μιη, 比饱和磁化强度在 3~10emu/g, 当放射 性废水中 Cs+的初始浓度为 l~10mg/L, 并有竞争离子 H+、 Na+和 K+ (浓度为 0.1~1.0 mol/L) 存在时, 复合吸附剂对 Cs+的吸附分配系数 为 104~107 mL/g,对 Cs+的吸附选择性系数分别为: KsCs/H=103~106、 103~105和 KsCs/K=103~104
5. 所有歩骤中采用的搅拌器材质均为聚四氟, 可防止磁性物质在搅 拌器表面粘附, 造成颗粒分散不均匀和包覆层生长不均匀的现象。 本发明有益效果: 本发明研宄的磁核包覆型亚铁氰化物复合吸附剂具有以下结构 特点: 1. 吸附剂的核心为 Fe304纳米粒子, 为了保证复合吸附剂在使 用中的磁分离效果,要求 Fe304的比饱和磁化强度大于 75emu/g; 2. 在 Fe304表面上包覆 Si02致密层, 可以起到抑制磁核材料的氧化、 稳定 材料磁性以及提高材料的耐酸碱特性的作用; 3. 在 Fe304/Si02表面 包覆 Ti、 Co、 Cu、 Ni、 Zn、 Zr的水合金属氧化物单层, 这些水合氧 化物可以与 Si02表面发生羟基聚合反应, 产生 M-0-Si键, 使金属离 子牢固地生长在 Si02表面; 4. 将复合磁性材料 Fe304/Si02/M(VH20 与亚铁氰化钾溶液反应, 形成 Fe304/Si02/K4_yMx[Fe(CN)6]。 金属离子 M既起到稳定亚铁氰化物的作用,也起到将亚铁氰化物与复合载体结 合在一起的桥梁作用, 提高了复合吸附剂的结合强度。此外, 亚铁氰 化物在复合吸附剂的最外层, 有利于提高吸附剂的有效利用率。
磁核包覆型吸附剂结构示意图参见附图 1。 TEM、 SEM和 VSM 测定结果表明, 复合吸附剂的颗粒度在 0.2~5.0μιη, 比饱和磁化强度 在 3~10emu/g, 在外置磁场中的磁分离效果良好。 对 Cs+的吸附性能 测定表明,吸附剂对 Cs+的吸附速度快,当初始 Cs+浓度在 l~10mg/L, 并有竞争离子 H+、 Na+和 K+ (浓度为 0.1~1.0 mol/L) 存在时, 复合 吸附剂对 Cs+的吸附分配系数 Kd为 104~107 mL/g, 对 Cs+的吸附选择 性系数分别为: KsCs/H=103~106、 KsCs/Na= 103~105和 KsCs/K=103~104。 此外整个制备过程中没有采用有机模板剂,复合吸附剂中无有机物残 留, 提高了材料在使用过程的稳定性。 附图说明
图 1为磁核包覆型亚铁氰化物除铯吸附剂结构示意图;
图 2为磁核包覆型亚铁氰化钛钾的 XRD图;
图 3为磁核包覆型亚铁氰化钛钾的 FT-IR图;
图 4为磁核包覆型亚铁氰化钛钾的 TEM图;
图 5为磁核包覆型亚铁氰化钛钾的 SEM图。 具体实施方式
实施例 磁核包覆型亚铁氰化钛钾的制备 用溶胶凝胶法在复合磁性载体 Fe304/Si02表面制备水合 Ti02包 覆层, 继而制备 Ti离子稳定的亚铁氰化钾吸附剂。 具体歩骤为:
1 ) 将 2.0~2.5mL的钛酸四丁酯溶解于 lOOmL的异丙醇中, 形成 备用溶液 A; 将 80 mL 异丙醇与 40 mL 超纯水 (电阻率不低于 ΙόΜΩ-cm)混合,形成备用溶液 B。将 l .Og表面包覆有致密单层 Si02 的复合磁核载体 Fe304/Si02加入溶液 B中, 超声分散 30min, 之后加 入 3mL的浓氨水, 用聚四氟搅拌器搅拌均匀。 在室温下将溶液 A缓 慢滴入反应体系, 滴加完毕后在室温下搅拌反应 5小时。获得的沉淀 物用外置磁场分离, 用无水乙醇清洗 3~4次, 在真空烘箱内 80°C下 干燥 10h, 得到表面 Ti02 包覆量为 55wt%的复合磁性材料 Fe304/Si02/Ti02-H20, 比饱和磁化强度为 42.5emu/g。
2 )将 1.0g Fe3O4/SiO2/TiO2'H2O复合磁性材料浸泡在 50~100 mL 亚铁氰化钾的盐酸溶液中, 亚铁氰化钾浓度为 0.5~1.0 mol/L, HC1浓 度为 1.0 mol/L。 该体系在室温下反应, 每三个小时用聚四氟搅拌器 搅拌 30min, 反应 20~24h之后用外置磁场分离出沉淀物。 用超纯水 充分清洗沉淀物, 至清洗液无色为止, 再用无水乙醇清洗, 样品在真 空 烘 箱 内 60~80°C 下 干 燥 10~12h , 得 到 黑 蓝 色 的 Fe304/Si02/K4_yTix[Fe(CN)6]复合吸附剂,其 XRD和 FT-IR结果参见附 图 2和 3。 TEM测定结果参见附图 4, 单独的样品颗粒为立方体形, 粒径范围为 50~200nm; SEM 测定结果参见附图 5, 颗粒聚集成为 1.0~4.0μιη左右的团聚体; VSM 测定材料的比饱和磁化强度分别为 6.2 emu/go当放射性废水中的 Cs+离子初始浓度在 l~10mg/L、竞争离 子 H+、 Na+和 K+的浓度为 0.1~1.0 mol/L时, 所得复合吸附剂对 Cs+ 的吸附分配系数 Kd=104~107 mL/g, 对 Cs+的吸附选择性系数分别为: KsCs/H=103~106
Figure imgf000008_0001
103~105和 KsCs/K=103~104。 实施例 2: 磁核包覆型亚铁氰化锆钾的制备
用溶胶凝胶法在复合磁性载体 Fe304/Si02表面制备水合 Zr02包 覆层, 继而制备 Zr离子稳定的亚铁氰化钾吸附剂。 具体歩骤为:
1 ) 将 1.5mL~2.0mL的异丙醇锆溶解于 lOOmL的异丙醇中, 形成 备用溶液 A; 将 80 mL异丙醇与 20 mL超纯水 (不低于 16ΜΩ ιη) 混合, 形成备用溶液 B。 将 l.Og表面包覆有致密单层 Si02的复合磁 性载体 Fe304/Si02加入溶液 B中,超声分散 30min, 之后加入 2~3mL 的浓氨水, 用聚四氟搅拌器搅拌均匀。 在室温下将溶液 A缓慢滴入 反应体系, 滴加完毕后在室温下搅拌反应 5小时。获得的沉淀物用外 置磁场分离,用无水乙醇清洗 3~4次,在真空烘箱内 80°C下干燥 10h, 得 到 表 面 Zr02 包 覆 量 为 54.2wt% 的 复 合 磁 性材 料 Fe304/Si02/Zr02'¾0, 比饱和磁化强度 44.6emu/g。
2) 将 1 g Fe304/Si02/Zr02-H20复合磁性材料浸泡在 50~100 mL 亚铁氰化钾的盐酸溶液中, 亚铁氰化钾浓度为 0.5~1.0 mol/L, HC1浓 度为 1.0 mol/L。 该体系在室温下反应, 每三个小时用聚四氟搅拌器 搅拌 30min, 反应 24h之后用外置磁场分离出沉淀物, 用超纯水充分 洗涤沉淀物, 至冲洗液为无色为止, 再用无水乙醇清洗 2~3次, 样品 在真空烘箱 内 60~80°C 下干燥 10h, 得到黑蓝色 的 Fe304/Si02/K4_yZrx[Fe(CN)6]复合吸附剂, SEM 测定团聚后粒径为 1.0~5.0μιη; 当放射性废水中的 Cs+离子初始浓度在 l~10mg/L时, 1 小时内复合吸附剂对 Cs+离子的吸附分配系数 Kd达到 104~107 mL 实施例 3 : 磁核包覆型亚铁氰化锌钾的制备
用沉积沉淀法在 Fe304/Si02的表面制备水合 ZnO包覆层, 继而 制备 Zn离子稳定的亚铁氰化钾吸附剂。 具体歩骤为:
1 )将 ZnS04、 Zn(C¾COO)2、 Zn(N03)2或 ZnCl2溶解于 lOOmL的 无水乙醇或异丙醇中, 使 Zn2+的浓度为 0.06 mol 将 l.Og的复合磁 性载体 Fe304/Si02 加入其中, 超声分散 30min。 在室温下将 0.02~0.05mol/L的 NaOH水溶液缓慢滴入反应体系, 用聚四氟搅拌器 搅拌均匀, 直至终点 pH为 6.5~8。 在室温下陈化 2~4小时之后用外 置磁场分离出沉淀物, 先用超纯水清洗至 pH为中性, 再用无水乙醇 清洗 3~4次, 在真空烘箱内 80°C下干燥 10h, 获得 ZnO的包覆量为 48.6wt%的复合磁性材料 Fe304/Si02/ZnO¾0, 比饱和磁化强度为 42.8emu/g。
2)将 l.Og Fe304/Si02/ZnO-H20复合磁性载体浸泡在 50~100 mL 亚铁氰化钾的盐酸溶液中,亚铁氰化钾浓度为 0.5~1 mol/L, HC1浓度 为 lmol/L。 该体系在室温下反应, 每三个小时用聚四氟搅拌器搅拌 30min, 反应 24h之后用外置磁场分离出沉淀物, 用超纯水充分洗涤 沉淀物, 至清洗液为无色为止, 再用无水乙醇清洗 2~3次, 样品在真 空烘箱内 80°C下干燥 10h, 得到黑蓝色的 Fe304/Si02/K2Zn[Fe(CN)6] 复合吸附剂, SEM测定团聚后粒径为 1.0~5.0μιη; 当放射性废水中的 Cs+离子初始浓度在 l~10mg/L时, 1小时内复合吸附剂对 Cs+离子的 吸附分配系数 Kd达到 104~107 mL 实施例 4: 磁核包覆型亚铁氰化铜钾的制备
用沉积沉淀法在 Fe304/Si02的表面制备水合 CuO包覆层, 继而 制备 Cu离子稳定的亚铁氰化钾吸附剂。 具体歩骤为:
1 ) 将 CuS04、 Cu(N03)2或 CuCl2溶解于 lOOmL的无水乙醇或异 丙醇中, 使 Cu2+的浓度分别为 0.05~0.06 mol/L。 将 l.Og的复合磁性 载体 Fe304/Si02 加入其中, 超声分散 30min。 在室温下将 0.02~0.05mol/L的 NaOH水溶液缓慢滴入反应体系, 用聚四氟搅拌器 搅拌均匀, 直至终点 pH为 7~9。 在室温下陈化 2~4小时之后用外置 磁场分离出沉淀物, 先用超纯水清洗至 pH为中性, 再用无水乙醇清 洗 3~4次, 在真空烘箱内 80°C下干燥 10h, 获得 CuO 的包覆量为 41.6wt%的复合磁性材料 Fe304/Si02/CuOH20, 比饱和磁化强度大于 46.3emu/g。
2) 将 l.Og 的 Fe304/Si02/CuO-H20复合磁性材料浸泡在 50-100 mL亚铁氰化钾的盐酸溶液中,亚铁氰化钾浓度为 0.5~1.0 mol/L, HC1 浓度为 1.0mol/L。 该体系在室温下反应, 每三个小时用聚四氟搅拌器 搅拌 30min, 反应 24h之后用外置磁场分离出沉淀物, 用超纯水充分 洗涤沉淀物, 至清洗液为无色为止, 再用无水乙醇清洗 2~3次, 样品 在 真 空 烘 箱 内 80°C 下 干 燥 10h , 得 到 黑 蓝 色 的 Fe304/Si02/K4_yCux[Fe(CN)6]复合吸附剂, SEM 测定团聚后粒径为 1.0~5.0μιη; 当放射性废水中的 Cs+离子初始浓度在 l~10mg/L时, 1 小时内复合吸附剂对 Cs+离子的吸附分配系数 Kd达到 104~107 mL 实施例 5: 磁核包覆型亚铁氰化镍钾的制备 用沉积沉淀法在 Fe304/Si02的表面制备水合 NiO包覆层, 继而 制备 Ni2+离子稳定的亚铁氰化钾吸附剂。 具体歩骤为:
1 ) 将 Ni(N03)2或 NiS04溶解于 lOOmL的无水乙醇或异丙醇中, 使 Ni2+的浓度分别为 0.05~0.06 mol/L。 将 l .Og 的复合磁性载体 Fe304/Si02加入其中, 超声分散 30min。 在室温下将 0.02~0.05mol/L 的 NaOH水溶液缓慢滴入反应体系,用聚四氟搅拌器搅拌均匀,直至 终点 pH为 10~12。 在室温下陈化 2~4小时之后用外置磁场分离出沉 淀物, 先用超纯水清洗至 pH为中性, 再用无水乙醇清洗 3~4次, 在 真空烘箱内 80°C下干燥 10h, 获得 NiO的包覆量为 45.6wt%的复合 磁性材料 Fe304/Si02/NiO¾0, 比饱和磁化强度为 45.1emu/g。
2 ) 将 l .Og Fe304/Si02/NiO-H20复合磁性材料浸泡在 50~100 mL 亚铁氰化钾的盐酸溶液中, 亚铁氰化钾浓度为 0.5~1.0 mol/L, HC1浓 度为 1.0 mol/L。 该体系在室温下反应, 每三个小时用聚四氟搅拌器 搅拌 30min, 反应 24h之后用外置磁场分离出沉淀物, 用超纯水充分 洗涤沉淀物, 至清洗液为无色为止, 再用无水乙醇清洗 2~3次, 样品 在 真 空 烘 箱 内 80°C 下 干 燥 10h , 得 到 黑 蓝 色 的 Fe304/Si02/K4_yNix[Fe(CN)6]复合吸附剂, SEM 测定团聚后粒径为 1.0~5.0μιη; 当放射性废水中的 Cs+离子初始浓度在 l~10mg/L时, 1 小时内复合吸附剂对 Cs+离子的吸附分配系数 Kd达到 104~107 mL/go 实施例 6: 磁核包覆型亚铁氰化钴钾的制备
用沉积沉淀法在 Fe304/Si02的表面制备水合 CoO包覆层, 继而 制备 Co离子稳定的亚铁氰化钾吸附剂。 具体歩骤为:
1 ) 将 Co(N03)2溶解于 lOOmL的无水乙醇或异丙醇中, 使 Co2+ 的浓度分别为 0.06 mol/L。将 l .Og的复合磁性载体 Fe304/Si02加入其 中, 超声分散 30min。在室温下将 0.02~0.05mol/L的 NaOH水溶液缓 慢滴入反应体系,用聚四氟搅拌器搅拌均匀,直至终点 pH为 10~12。 在室温下陈化 2~4小时之后用外置磁场分离出沉淀物,先用超纯水清 洗至 pH为中性, 再用无水乙醇清洗 3~4次, 在真空烘箱内 80°C下 干燥 10h, 获得 CoO的包覆量为 44.3wt%的 Fe304/Si02/CoOH20, 比 饱和磁化强度为 47.1emu/g。 2)将 1.0g Fe304/Si02/CoOH20复合磁性材料浸泡在 50~100 mL 亚铁氰化钾的盐酸溶液中, 亚铁氰化钾浓度为 0.5~1.0 mol/L, HC1浓 度为 1 .0 mol/L。 该体系在室温下反应, 每三个小时用聚四氟搅拌器 搅拌 30min, 反应 24h之后用外置磁场分离出沉淀物, 用超纯水充分 洗涤沉淀物, 至冲洗液为无色为止, 再用无水乙醇清洗 2~3次, 样品 在 真 空 烘 箱 内 80°C 下 干 燥 10h , 得 到 黑 蓝 色 的 Fe304/Si02/K4_yCox[Fe(CN)6]复合吸附剂, SEM 测定团聚后粒径为 1.0~5.0μιη; 当放射性废水中的 Cs+离子初始浓度在 l~10mg/L时, 1 小时内复合吸附剂对 Cs+离子的吸附分配系数 Kd达到 104~107 mL/g 。

Claims

权利要求
1、 一种用于去除放射性废水中 Cs离子的磁核包覆型无机离子吸附 剂, 其特征在于, 所述吸附剂以表面包覆有致密单层 Si02的复合磁 性载体 Fe304/Si02为核, Fe304/Si02外包覆有水合金属氧化物过渡层, 过渡层外包覆有亚铁氰化物吸附材料层。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的吸附剂, 其特征在于, 所述吸附剂的粒径范 围在 0.2~5.0μιη, 比饱和磁化强度在 3~10emu/g。
3、 如权利要求 1所述的吸附剂, 其特征在于, 所述复合磁性载体 Fe304/Si02的比饱和磁化强度大于 70emu/g。
4、 如权利要求 1所述的吸附剂, 其特征在于, 所述复合磁性载体中 所述 Fe304的粒径范围为 10~60nm, 比饱和磁化强度大于 75emu/g, 有机物含量低于 1%; 所述 Si02的包覆量为 4~5 wt %。
5、 如权利要求 1所述的吸附剂, 其特征在于, 在所述单层 Si02外包 覆水合金属氧化物过渡层,所获得复合磁性材料的比饱和磁化强度大 于 40 emu/g。
6、 如权利要求 1所述的吸附剂, 其特征在于, 所述水合金属氧化物 为: Τ )2·Η20,或 ΖΓ02·¾0,或 ΖηΟ·¾0,或 ΟιΟ·¾0,或 NiOH20, 或 CoOH20; 其中, Τ )2·Η20的包覆量为 50~55wt%, 其它各水合金 属氧化物的包覆量均为 40~50wt%。
7、 一种制备权利要求 1所述吸附剂的方法, 其特征在于, 该方法以 表面包覆致密单层 Si02的复合磁性载体 Fe304 /Si02为核, 首先在复 合磁性载体表面包覆水合金属氧化物过渡层,然后再在过渡层外包覆 亚铁氰化物吸附剂层。
8、 如权利要求 7所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述的水合金属氧化物 为 Τ )2·Η20或 Ζ )2·Η20, 该方法的具体歩骤如下:
1 ) 采用溶胶凝胶法制备水合氧化钛或氧化锆过渡层:
a) 将钛酸四丁酯溶解于异丙醇中, 控制钛酸四丁酯与异丙醇的 体积比为 0.005:1~0.05:1, 形成备用溶液 A1 ; 将异丙醇锆溶解于异丙 醇中, 控制异丙醇锆与异丙醇的体积比为 0.01 :1~0.1 :1, 形成备用溶 液 A2; 将异丙醇与超纯水混合, 形成备用溶液 B, 异丙醇与水的体 积比为 5:1~2:1; b) 将表面包覆致密单层 Si02的复合磁性载体 Fe304/Si02加入溶 液 B中, 超声分散 30min, 之后加入浓氨水, 用聚四氟搅拌器搅拌均 匀; 控制 Fe304/Si02与溶液 B的质量体积比浓度在 0.005~0.02 g/mL 范围, 浓氨水与溶液 B的体积比在 0.02~0.05范围;
cl ) 在室温下将溶液 A1缓慢滴入歩骤 b)制备的反应体系, 控制 每克 Fe304/Si02加入钛酸四丁酯的量为 2.0~3.0mL; 滴加完毕后, 在 室温下搅拌反应 4~6小时, 获得的沉淀物用外置磁场分离, 用无水乙 醇清洗, 在真空烘箱内 80°C 以下干燥, 得到表面 Ti02包覆量为 50~55wt%的复合磁性材料 Fe304/Si02/Ti(VH20, 比饱和磁化强度大 于 40emu/g;
c2) 与 cl ) 同样的操作条件下, 将溶液 A2缓慢滴入歩骤 b)制备 的反应体系, 控制每克 Fe304/Si02加入异丙醇锆的量为 1.5~2.5mL; 滴加完毕后,在室温下搅拌反应 4~6小时, 获得的沉淀物用外置磁场 分离,用无水乙醇清洗,在真空烘箱内 80°C以下干燥,获得表面 Zr02 包覆量为 40~50wt%的复合磁性材料 Fe304/Si02/Zr02_H20, 比饱和磁 化强度大于 40emu/g;
2) 亚铁氰化物吸附剂层的制备:
将以上制备的 Fe304/Si02/Ti(VH20或 Fe304/Si02/ ΖΓ02Ή20浸泡 在亚铁氰化钾的盐酸溶液中,其中亚铁氰化钾的浓度为 0.5~1.5 mol/L, 盐酸的浓度为 1.0-2.0 mol/L, Fe304/Si02/Ti02-¾0 或 Fe304/Si02/ Zr02-H20 的质量体积比浓度为 0.01g~0.03g/mL; 该体系在室温下反 应, 每隔 2~4小时搅拌 30min, 反应 20~24h之后用外置磁场分离出 沉淀物, 用超纯水充分洗涤沉淀物, 至冲洗液为无色为止, 再用无水 乙醇清洗, 在真空烘箱内 80°C以下干燥, 即得到所需黑蓝色的磁核 包覆型复合吸附剂。
9、 如权利要求 7所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述的水合金属氧化物 为 ΜΟ·¾0, Μ为 Co、 Ni、 Cu、 Zn中的一种, 该方法的具体歩骤 如下:
1 ) 采用表面沉积沉淀法制备水合氧化铜、 氧化锌、 氧化镍或 氧化钴过渡层:
a) 将金属 M的可溶性硫酸盐、 醋酸盐、 硝酸盐或氯化物溶解于 lOOmL的无水乙醇或异丙醇中, 形成溶液 CM, M为 CO、 Ni、 Cu、 Zn中的一种, 金属 M离子的摩尔浓度控制在 0.04~0.06mol/L范围; b) 将表面包覆致密单层 Si02的复合磁性载体 Fe304/Si02加入其 中, 超声分散 30min, 其中 Fe304/Si02的质量体积比浓度控制在 0.005-0.015 g/mL范围;
c) 在室温下将 0.02~0.05mol/L的 NaOH水溶液缓慢滴入歩骤 e) 制备的反应体系,用聚四氟搅拌器搅拌均匀,控制终点 pH分别为一 Zn: 6.5-8; Cu: 7~9; Ni/Co: 10-12, 使以上几种离子在 Fe304/Si02的表面 上沉积完全; 滴定完毕后, 反应体系在室温下陈化 2~4小时, 之后用 外置磁场分离出沉淀物, 先用超纯水清洗至 pH为中性, 再用无水乙 醇清洗,在真空烘箱内 Fe304/Si02下干燥,获得表面包覆量为 40~50wt% 的复合磁性材料 Fe304/Si02/MOH20, 比饱和磁化强度均大于 40emu/g;
2) 亚铁氰化物吸附剂层的制备:
将上述制备的 Fe304/Si02/MOH20 浸泡在亚铁氰化钾的盐酸溶 液中,其中亚铁氰化钾的浓度为 0.5~1.5 mol/L,盐酸的浓度为 1.0~2.0 mol/L, Fe304/Si02/MO-H20的质量体积比浓度为 0.01g~0.03g/mL;该 体系在室温下反应, 每隔 2~4小时搅拌 30min, 反应 20~24h之后用 外置磁场分离出沉淀物, 用超纯水充分洗涤沉淀物, 至冲洗液为无色 为止, 再用无水乙醇清洗, 在真空烘箱内 80°C以下干燥, 即得到所 需黑蓝色的磁核包覆型复合吸附剂。
10、 如权利要求 8或 9所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述复合吸附剂的 粒径在 0.2~5μιη, 比饱和磁化强度在 3~10emu/g, 当放射性废水中的 Cs+离子初始浓度在 l~10mg/L、 竞争离子 H+、 Na+和 K+的浓度为 0.1-1.0 mol/L时, 所得复合吸附剂对 Cs+的吸附分配系数 =104~107 mL/g, 对 Cs+的吸附选择性系数分别为: KsCs/H=103~106、 KsCs/Na= 103~105和 KsCs/K=103~104
11、 如权利要求 10所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述超纯水的电阻率 不低于 16ΜΩ· η。
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