WO2013150987A1 - 金属含有四三酸化マンガン複合化粒子及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
金属含有四三酸化マンガン複合化粒子及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C01G45/1242—Manganates or manganites with a manganese oxidation state of Mn(III), Mn(IV) or mixtures thereof of the type [Mn2O4]-, e.g. LiMn2O4, Li[MxMn2-x]O4
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a metal-containing manganese oxide composite particle, a method for producing the same, and a method for producing a metal-substituted lithium manganese composite oxide using the same.
- Manganese oxide (MnO x ) is used as a raw material for a lithium manganese composite oxide used as a positive electrode material of a lithium secondary battery.
- a so-called metal-substituted lithium manganese composite oxide in which a part of manganese is substituted with another metal has been reported.
- Patent Document 1 As a method for producing such a metal-substituted lithium manganese composite oxide, in addition to a lithium raw material and a manganese raw material, a method of adding and mixing and firing other elemental compounds (Patent Document 1), finely pulverizing each raw material A method for firing an aggregate obtained by drying a slurry of the slurry (Patent Document 2) has been reported.
- Patent Document 4 a method of mixing lithium hydroxide, ⁇ -MnOOH, cobalt trioxide and nickel hydroxide and firing the same has been reported (Patent Document 4). Also, a solution containing manganese, nickel and cobalt is precipitated by coexistence of a complexing agent to obtain cobalt manganese coprecipitated nickel hydroxide particles in which these elements are uniformly dispersed, and this is used as a raw material for the positive electrode material. has been reported (Patent Document 5).
- Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2001-307724 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-171551 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2000-128540 Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 08-37007 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2002-201028
- Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 are methods for producing lithium manganese composite oxides in which raw materials are mixed. In such a manufacturing method, it is difficult to uniformly mix the raw materials. Furthermore, the obtained lithium manganese composite oxide depends on the degree of mixing of raw materials, and its battery characteristics tend to vary.
- the obtained positive electrode material not only has sufficient battery characteristics, but also has a lot of variations in the lot of positive electrode materials, and a positive electrode material having the same battery characteristics cannot be obtained stably.
- the cobalt manganese coprecipitated nickel hydroxide particles disclosed in Patent Document 5 have uniform elements as compared with those obtained by mixing various raw materials.
- ammonia or hydrazine is required as a reducing agent, and production on an industrial scale is difficult.
- An object of the present invention is to provide metal-containing trimanganese tetroxide composite particles capable of obtaining a metal-substituted lithium manganese composite oxide excellent as a positive electrode material for a lithium secondary battery and a method for producing the same. . It is another object of the present invention to provide a method for producing a metal-substituted lithium manganese composite oxide using such metal-containing manganese trioxide composite particles.
- the present inventors have conducted intensive studies on manganese oxides used as raw materials for metal-substituted lithium manganese composite oxides that are positive electrodes of lithium secondary batteries. As a result, it has been found that the above object can be achieved by the metal-containing manganese trioxide composite particles containing a specific metal element and preferably having a controlled particle size.
- Such a metal-containing manganese trioxide composite particle is obtained from a manganese salt aqueous solution containing manganese ions and metal elements other than manganese and lithium, without passing through manganese hydroxide crystals, or in manganese water. It has been found that it can be obtained by a production method comprising a step of crystallizing trimanganese tetraoxide under conditions where the crystal growth of the oxide is sufficiently suppressed.
- the gist of the present invention is as follows.
- Metal-containing trimanganese tetraoxide composite particles characterized by containing metal elements (excluding lithium and manganese).
- the metal element is selected from the group consisting of Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ag, In, and Sn.
- the metal-containing manganese trioxide composite particles according to (6) represented by the following formula (1).
- a x Mn 3-x O 4 (1) (In the formula, A is a metal element excluding lithium and manganese, and x is 1 or less.)
- the metal element is selected from the group consisting of Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ag, In, and Sn.
- (12) The above (10) or (11), wherein the metal-substituted trimanganese tetraoxide is crystallized in the crystallization step under conditions satisfying at least one of a pH of 6 to 9 and a redox potential of 0 mV to 300 mV.
- the manufacturing method as described in. (13) The manufacturing method according to any one of (10) to (12), wherein an oxygen-containing gas is blown into the manganese salt aqueous solution in the crystallization step.
- a metal-substituted lithium manganese having a mixing step of mixing the metal-containing trimanganese tetroxide composite particles according to any one of (1) to (9) and a lithium compound, and a heating step of heat treatment. Method for producing a composite oxide.
- a lithium manganese composite oxide obtained using the metal-containing manganese trioxide composite particles according to any one of (1) to (9) above.
- a positive electrode active material comprising the lithium manganese composite oxide according to (15).
- the metal-containing manganese trioxide composite particles of the present invention can be used as a raw material for lithium composite oxides, particularly metal-substituted lithium manganese composite oxides, which are positive electrode active materials for lithium secondary batteries. Furthermore, when the metal-containing manganese trioxide composite particles of the present invention are metal-substituted manganese trioxide, it contains a metal uniformly and has a particle size with excellent handling properties (handling properties). is doing. Furthermore, it has a uniform composition even if the amount of the substituted metal is as high as several mol%. Therefore, it is a positive electrode material for a lithium secondary battery, and can be used as a raw material for producing a metal-substituted lithium manganese composite oxide having high battery characteristics.
- the metal-containing trimanganese tetroxide composite particles of the present invention are metal-containing trimanganese tetroxide particles composite particles, the metal compound particles become 10 ⁇ m or less, so that the metal-containing trimanganese tetroxide particles composite particles The metal compound therein is more uniformly dispersed. Therefore, it is a positive electrode material for a lithium secondary battery, and can be used as a raw material for producing a metal-substituted lithium manganese composite oxide having high battery characteristics.
- the metal-containing manganese trioxide composite particles can be obtained by simple steps such as crystallization, filtration and drying. Therefore, the slurry is thermally decomposed at a high temperature to obtain an oxide, which does not require the high temperature required in the so-called spray method, and can be obtained easily.
- the production method of the present invention does not require a complexing agent, a reducing agent, atmosphere control, etc., and the metal-containing trimanganese tetraoxide composite particles can be produced by a simple method as compared with conventional raw materials for lithium composite oxides. Can be manufactured.
- Example 3 shows powder X-ray diffraction patterns of Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Example 1.
- Example 9 The powder X-ray-diffraction pattern of Mg substituted lithium manganese complex oxide of Example 9, 10.
- a): Example 9 b): Example 10 The powder X-ray diffraction pattern of an Example and a comparative example.
- Example 11 The fine structure of the trimanganese tetraoxide composite particles of Example 11 (scale in the figure is 1 ⁇ m).
- the microstructure of the Al-containing manganese oxide of Example 17 (scale in the figure is 1 ⁇ m).
- Powder X-ray diffraction pattern of nickel-cobalt hydroxide-coated manganese trioxide composite particles of Example 21 The particle size distribution of the nickel-cobalt hydroxide-coated manganese trioxide composite particles of Example 21.
- the metal-containing trimanganese tetraoxide composite particles of the present invention are trimanganese tetraoxide containing a metal element other than manganese and lithium (hereinafter also simply referred to as “metal element”).
- metal element other than manganese and lithium
- the battery characteristics of the metal-substituted lithium manganese composite oxide obtained using the metal-containing trimanganese tetroxide composite particles of the present invention as a raw material are easily improved.
- the metal elements include not only metal elements but also metal ions, metal compounds, and metal compound particles.
- “containing a metal element” means not only a form in which the metal element is substituted with manganese in the crystal structure of trimanganese tetroxide, but also a compound containing the metal element (hereinafter also simply referred to as “metal compound”). And trimanganese tetroxide are compounded in the form of particles, so that the trimanganese tetroxide contains a metal element.
- “To be compounded in the form of particles” means that at least one of the primary particles of the metal compound and manganese trioxide is aggregated with the other particles to form secondary particles. Therefore, even if the metal-containing trimanganese tetraoxide composite particles of the present invention are dispersed in a solvent, the metallized compound and trimanganese tetraoxide are not separated. Therefore, for example, a mixture obtained by physically mixing particles obtained by mixing trimanganese tetroxide particles and metal compound particles is different from the metal-containing trimanganese tetroxide composite particles of the present invention.
- the metal element contained in the metal-containing manganese trioxide composite particles of the present invention is a metal element other than manganese (Mn) and lithium (Li), and includes magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), silica (Si), Calcium (Ca), titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), gallium (Ga), germanium (Ge), It is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of zirconium (Zr), molybdenum (Mo), silver (Ag), indium (In), and tin (Sn).
- the battery characteristics of the metal-substituted lithium manganese composite oxide obtained using the metal-containing manganese trioxide composite particles of the present invention as a raw material can be easily improved.
- the metal element should be at least one selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt, magnesium and aluminum. Is more preferable.
- the particle diameter of the metal-containing trimanganese tetraoxide composite particles of the present invention is 1 ⁇ m or more, preferably 2 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 3 ⁇ m or more. By substantially not containing fine particles of less than 1 ⁇ m, the mixing property with the lithium compound is improved and the operability (handling property) during use is enhanced.
- the particle size of the composite particles is usually preferably 50 ⁇ m or less.
- the average particle diameter is preferably 1 ⁇ m or more, and more preferably 3 ⁇ m or more.
- the average particle diameter is 1 ⁇ m or more, the storage stability of the metal-substituted titanium manganese composite oxide obtained using this as a raw material tends to be high.
- the average particle size is 30 ⁇ m or less, further 20 ⁇ m or less, and further 15 ⁇ m or less, it becomes easy to use as a raw material for metal-substituted lithium manganese composite oxide.
- the average particle diameter is a particle diameter (so-called D50) that is 50% on a volume basis.
- the mode particle size and the average particle size match. In this case, the mode particle diameter can be used as the average particle diameter.
- the metal-containing trimanganese tetraoxide composite particles of the present invention preferably have a standard deviation coefficient of variation (hereinafter referred to as “Cv”) of 50% or less, more preferably 45% or less. % Or less is more preferable.
- Cv standard deviation coefficient of variation
- the particle diameter becomes uniform. Thereby, reaction of the metal containing manganese trioxide complex particle
- Cv can be obtained by the following equation.
- Cv (%) (standard deviation of particle diameter ⁇ average particle diameter) ⁇ 100
- the filling property of the metal-containing manganese trioxide composite particles is preferably high. However, the filling properties of the metal-containing manganese trioxide composite particles vary depending on the type and amount of the metal element contained.
- a preferable tap density of the metal-containing trimanganese tetroxide composite particles is 1.0 g / cm 3 or more, and further 1.1 g / cm 3 or more.
- the crystal structure of trimanganese tetraoxide has a spinel structure. More specifically, manganese trioxide has a Hausmannite type crystal structure, and this structure belongs to the space group I41 / amd.
- the metal-containing manganese trioxide composite particles of the present invention preferably include such a crystal structure. This crystal structure is the same as that of the JCPDS pattern No. A powder X-ray diffraction (hereinafter referred to as “XRD”) pattern of 24-734 or a similar XRD pattern is shown.
- the metal-containing manganese trioxide composite particles preferably have a low sulfate radical (SO 4 2 ⁇ ) content.
- the sulfate content in the metal-containing manganese trioxide composite particles is preferably 5% by weight or less, more preferably 1.5% by weight or less, and even more preferably 1% by weight or less. .
- metal-containing manganese trioxide composite particles of the present invention in which the metal element is replaced with manganese in the crystal structure of manganese trioxide (hereinafter referred to as metal-substituted manganese trioxide) will be described.
- the metal-substituted manganese trioxide is preferably a manganese oxide represented by the following formula (1).
- x in formula (1) is preferably 1 or less. When x exceeds 1, Mn decreases too much, and the electric capacity of the metal-substituted lithium manganese composite oxide obtained using this as a raw material tends to be low.
- X in Formula (1) is preferably 0.5 or less, and more preferably 0.35 or less. On the other hand, when x in the formula (1) is 0.01 or more, further 0.05 or more, further 0.1 or more, and further 0.2 or more, the effect of the substitution element is easily obtained.
- A is one or more metal elements of metal elements. From the viewpoint of improving the charge / discharge cycle characteristics and battery characteristics at high temperatures of the metal-substituted lithium-manganese composite oxide obtained using metal-substituted manganese trioxide as a raw material, A may be one or more of Mg or Al. More preferably, it is more preferably Mg.
- the filling property of the trimanganese tetraoxide tends to decrease due to an increase in the Mg content.
- the metal is substituted with a tap density of 1.1 g / cm 3 or more, more preferably 1.5 g / cm 3 or more, or even 1.7 g / cm 3 or more. It is preferable to have a filling property not inferior to that of trimanganese tetraoxide.
- the crystal structure of the metal-substituted manganese trioxide is preferably a spinel structure.
- the metal structure of metal-substituted manganese trioxide tends to change the crystal structure by replacing metal ions with manganese ions. Therefore, the XRD pattern of metal-substituted manganese trioxide in XRD measurement tends to be a pattern in which the peak of the XRD pattern of trimanganese tetraoxide is shifted.
- the metal-substituted manganese trioxide has a BET specific surface area of preferably 6.5 m 2 / g or less, and preferably 5 m 2 / g or less.
- the metal-substituted manganese trioxide has a high filling property, and the reactivity with the lithium compound tends to be uniform.
- the metal-substituted manganese trioxide may have a BET specific surface area of 3 m 2 / g or less, 2 m 2 / g or less, and further 1 m 2 / g.
- a compound containing a metal element hereinafter, also simply referred to as “metal compound”
- trimanganese tetroxide are composited in the form of particles (hereinafter, “ It is also referred to as “particulate manganese trioxide”.
- the metal trimanganese tetraoxide may be a metal-substituted manganese trioxide.
- Particulate manganese trioxide consists of composite particles of trimanganese tetraoxide particles (hereinafter referred to as “particle-containing manganese trioxide”) in the form of particles in which metal compound particles are contained in metal trioxide, and metal compounds on the surface.
- Trimanganese tetroxide composite particles hereinafter referred to as “metal-coated manganese trioxide”
- metal manganate tetraoxide (III) which is a metal compound particle having trimanganese tetroxide on the surface
- trimanganese tetroxide includes” means that secondary particles contain metal compound particles, and 50% or more of the surface of the particles is trimanganese tetroxide, "Having a surface” means that the secondary particles contain metal compound particles, and less than 50% of the surface of the particles is trimanganese tetraoxide. Further, “having a metal oxide on the surface” means that the secondary particles include trimanganese tetroxide particles, and less than 50% of the surface of the particles are metal oxides.
- the particle-containing manganese trioxide is preferably composite particles of trimanganese tetraoxide composed of trimanganese tetraoxide containing metal compound particles.
- the metal compound particles include particles of metal compound oxides, hydroxides, carbonates, and the like, and hydroxide particles are preferable.
- the metal compound is preferably one or more compounds of metal elements.
- the metal compound particles are more preferably one or more compound particles of Mg or Al.
- Al compound particles are preferable, and aluminum hydroxide particles are more preferable.
- the particle-containing manganese trioxide has a metal element / manganese molar ratio of preferably 0.33 or less, and more preferably 0.15 or less.
- the metal element / manganese molar ratio is 0.33 or less, the amount of manganese that can be involved in the battery reaction increases, and the electric capacity of the metal-substituted lithium manganese composite oxide obtained using this as a raw material tends to increase. It is in.
- the particle-containing manganese trioxide includes trimanganese tetraoxide and a metal compound. Therefore, the XRD pattern of the particle-containing manganese trioxide includes both an XRD pattern of a spinel structure and an XRD pattern of a metal compound.
- the average particle diameter of the particle-containing manganese trioxide is preferably 1 ⁇ m or more, and more preferably 3 ⁇ m or more. When the average particle size is 1 ⁇ m or more, the storage stability of the titanium-manganese composite oxide obtained using this as a raw material tends to be high. When the average particle size is 30 ⁇ m or less, and further 10 ⁇ m or less, it becomes easy to use as a raw material for metal-substituted lithium manganese composite oxide.
- the particle-containing manganese trioxide has a BET specific surface area of preferably 10 m 2 / g or less, more preferably 4 m 2 / g or less, and more preferably 3 m 2 / g or less. .
- the BET specific surface area is 10 m 2 / g or less, the particle-containing manganese trioxide composite particles have high filling properties, and the reactivity with the lithium compound tends to be uniform.
- the particle-containing trimanganese tetroxide is often a composite of metal compound particles having the same particle size and trimanganese tetroxide particles.
- the particle-containing manganese trioxide has a form in which the metal compound particles or the trimanganese tetraoxide particles are present on the surface of the other particle, that is, one is It tends to be in a coated form.
- the metal-coated manganese trioxide is preferably trimanganese tetraoxide having a metal compound on the surface.
- the battery characteristics of the metal-substituted lithium manganese composite oxide obtained using metal-coated manganese trioxide as a raw material, particularly the charge / discharge cycle characteristics, are enhanced.
- the metal compound is present on the surface of the manganese trioxide particles.
- a specific form of existence is a so-called core-shell structure in which a metal compound is present on the surface of the trimanganese tetroxide particles.
- the metal-coated trimanganese tetraoxide includes trimanganese tetraoxide and a metal compound. Therefore, the X-ray diffraction pattern of the metal-coated manganese trioxide includes both an XRD pattern of a spinel structure and an XRD pattern of a metal compound. Examples of the metal compound include oxides, hydroxides, and carbonates, and hydroxides are preferable.
- the metal compound is preferably at least one compound of metal elements. From the viewpoint of improving charge / discharge cycle characteristics and battery characteristics at high temperatures when a lithium composite oxide is produced, the metal compound is more preferably at least one of cobalt and nickel, and is preferably cobalt and nickel. Preferably, it is a nickel-cobalt composite hydroxide.
- the ratio of each metal is arbitrary.
- the metal oxide is a nickel-cobalt composite metal compound
- the molar ratio of nickel / cobalt can be 1/5 to 5/1, more preferably 4/5 to 6/5.
- the molar ratio of the trimanganese tetraoxide to the metal (Me) in the metal compound is preferably such that Mn / Me is 4/1 to 1/4.
- the average particle diameter of the metal-coated manganese trioxide is preferably more than 5 ⁇ m, and more preferably 10 ⁇ m or more.
- the upper limit of the average particle diameter can be arbitrarily set depending on the particle diameter of the finally intended lithium composite oxide. Examples of the upper limit of the average particle diameter include 20 ⁇ m or less.
- the metal-coated trimanganese tetraoxide preferably has a BET specific surface area of more than 10 m 2 / g, and more preferably 15 m 2 / g or more. When the BET specific surface area exceeds 10 m 2 / g, the reactivity with the lithium compound tends to be improved.
- trimanganese tetraoxide-coated metal compound is preferably composite particles having trimanganese tetraoxide on the metal compound particles.
- the metal compound examples include oxides, hydroxides, and carbonates, and hydroxides are preferable.
- the metal compound particles are preferably particles of one or more compounds of metal elements. From the viewpoint of improving charge / discharge cycle characteristics and battery characteristics at high temperature when a lithium composite oxide is produced, the metal compound particles are more preferably particles of at least one of cobalt and nickel compounds, Nickel compound particles are preferable, and nickel-cobalt composite hydroxide particles are more preferable.
- the ratio of each metal is arbitrary.
- the metal oxide particles are nickel-cobalt composite metal compound particles
- the molar ratio of nickel / cobalt can be 1/5 to 5/1, and further 4/5 to 6/5.
- the trimanganese tetraoxide-coated metal compound includes trimanganese tetraoxide and a metal compound. Therefore, the XRD pattern includes both an XRD pattern of a spinel structure and an XRD pattern of a metal compound.
- the ratio of trimanganese tetraoxide to metal (Me) in the metal compound is preferably such that Mn / Me is 4/1 to / 4 in molar ratio.
- one form of the presence of trimanganese tetroxide is a so-called core-shell structure in which trimanganese tetroxide is present on the surface of a single metal compound particle. In such a presence form, by using a porous metal compound, trimanganese tetraoxide can be dispersed into the pores of the metal oxide particles. Therefore, the metal oxide particles included in the metal compound composite particles of the present invention are preferably porous.
- the average particle diameter of the trimanganese tetraoxide-coated metal compound is preferably more than 5 ⁇ m, and more preferably 10 ⁇ m or more. Thereby, trimanganese tetraoxide is easily dispersed on the metal compound particles.
- the upper limit of the average particle diameter can be arbitrarily set depending on the particle diameter of the finally intended lithium composite oxide. Examples of the upper limit of the average particle diameter include 20 ⁇ m or less.
- the trimanganese tetraoxide-coated metal compound preferably has a BET specific surface area of more than 10 m 2 / g, more preferably 15 m 2 / g or more. When the BET specific surface area exceeds 10 m 2 / g, the reactivity with the lithium compound tends to be improved.
- the metal-containing trimanganese tetroxide composite particles of the present invention are prepared from a manganese salt aqueous solution containing manganese ions and a metal element other than manganese and lithium (hereinafter referred to as “metal element-containing manganese salt aqueous solution”). It can be obtained by a production method having a crystallization step of crystallizing trimanganese tetraoxide without passing through a substance or under conditions where the crystal growth of manganese hydroxide is sufficiently suppressed.
- manganese hydroxide crystals are not precipitated in the alkaline region from the metal element-containing manganese salt aqueous solution. To crystallize manganese trioxide.
- the method for producing the metal-containing manganese tetroxide composite particles of the present invention includes a manganese hydroxide (hereinafter referred to as a manganese hydroxide or a metal-containing manganese hydroxide) in an alkaline region from a metal element-containing manganese salt aqueous solution. These are collectively referred to as “manganese hydroxide”), and metal-containing manganese trioxide composite particles are produced without going through a step of oxidizing the manganese hydroxide with an oxidizing agent. Thereby, the metal-containing manganese trioxide composite particles can be continuously obtained from the metal element-containing manganese salt aqueous solution.
- a manganese hydroxide or a metal-containing manganese hydroxide in an alkaline region from a metal element-containing manganese salt aqueous solution.
- the method for producing the metal-containing manganese trioxide composite particles of the present invention in the crystallization step, a mode in which a crystalline phase of manganese hydroxide is not generated at all, and hydroxide microcrystals are precipitated for a short time. Later, it includes an embodiment where it is converted to trimanganese tetroxide before it grows into hexagonal plate-like crystals. That is, the method for producing metal-containing manganese trioxide composite particles of the present invention is characterized in that hexagonal plate-like manganese hydroxide crystals are not produced in the crystallization step. By not producing crystals of manganese hydroxide, it is possible to obtain metal-containing manganese trioxide composite particles having a moderately controlled surface area and filling property.
- the metal element contained in the metal element-containing manganese salt aqueous solution is at least one of metal compound particles and metal ions.
- the manganic tetraoxide crystallized in the crystallization step may be a metal-substituted manganese trioxide in which a part of the manganese is substituted with the metal element. .
- the pH of the metal element-containing manganese salt aqueous solution when crystallizing trimanganese tetraoxide or the pH of the slurry containing crystallized trimanganese tetraoxide is set to a pH at which manganese hydroxide is difficult to be generated. It is preferable to set the pH from weakly acidic to weakly alkaline.
- the pH is preferably 6 or more and 9 or less, and more preferably pH 6.5 or more and pH 8.5 or less. Further, it is more preferable that the central value of pH is within this range.
- the pH of the metal element-containing manganese salt aqueous solution or slurry be in the above range during the crystallization process. It is preferable to reduce the variation in pH of the metal element-containing manganese salt aqueous solution or slurry during the crystallization step. Specifically, the pH is maintained in the range of the center value ⁇ 0.5, more preferably in the range of the center value ⁇ 0.3, and still more preferably in the range of the center value ⁇ 0.1.
- the oxidation-reduction potential (hereinafter also simply referred to as “oxidation-reduction potential”) of the aqueous metal element-containing manganese salt solution with respect to the standard hydrogen electrode is preferably set to 0 mV or more and 300 mV or less. 30 mV or more and 150 mV or less is more preferable.
- the oxidation-reduction potential of the metal element-containing manganese salt aqueous solution or slurry in the crystallization step is preferably within the above-mentioned range during the crystallization step. Furthermore, it is preferable to reduce the variation in redox potential of the metal element-containing manganese salt aqueous solution or slurry during the crystallization step. Specifically, the oxidation-reduction potential is preferably maintained in the range of the central value ⁇ 50 mV, more preferably the central value ⁇ 30 mV, and still more preferably the central value ⁇ 20 mV.
- crystallization is performed with the pH, oxidation-reduction potential, or both in the above range, and the fluctuation range of the pH, oxidation-reduction potential, or both is reduced, so that the metal-containing particles having a uniform particle size can be obtained.
- Manganese trioxide composite particles can be obtained.
- the metal-containing trimanganese tetroxide composite particles obtained in this way have a high filling property, and easily react uniformly with the lithium compound.
- the metal element-containing manganese salt aqueous solution used in the crystallization step contains manganese ions and metal elements.
- the metal element is at least selected from the group consisting of Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ag, In, and Sn. A single ion or compound is preferred.
- the metal element is particles of one or more ions or compounds of Ni, Co, Mg, or Al. It is more preferable that
- the metal element-containing manganese salt aqueous solution only needs to contain at least a metal ion, and the metal ion is preferably one or more ions of Mg or Al. More preferably, it is an ion.
- the metal element-containing manganese salt aqueous solution only needs to contain at least metal compound particles, and the metal compound particles are any one or more compounds of Al, Ni, or Co.
- the particles are aluminum hydroxide particles or nickel-cobalt composite oxide particles.
- the metal element-containing manganese salt solution contains metal element ions, manganese, metal element sulfate, chloride, nitrate, and acetate aqueous solutions, as well as these metals and oxides can be mixed with sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid. , And various acid aqueous solutions such as acetic acid can be used.
- the metal element-containing manganese salt solution contains a metal element as metal compound particles
- examples of the metal compound particles include particles of metal element oxides, hydroxides, carbonates, and the like.
- the particle diameter of the metal compound particles is preferably 1 ⁇ m or more.
- the metal compound particles preferably have an average particle size of 5 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 3 ⁇ m or less. When the average particle size is 5 ⁇ m or less, manganese trioxide is likely to precipitate so as to include the metal compound particles.
- the average particle diameter of the metal compound particles is preferably more than 5 ⁇ m, and more preferably 10 ⁇ m or more.
- the average particle size is 5 ⁇ m or less, when manganese trioxide is crystallized, the manganese trioxide becomes a single particle in which a plurality of metal compound particles are incorporated, and the particle-containing manganese trioxide composite particle It becomes easy to become.
- the upper limit of the average particle diameter of the metal compound particles can be arbitrarily selected depending on the particle diameter of the target composite particles of manganese trioxide coated. For example, the upper limit of the average particle diameter can be 20 ⁇ m or less.
- the metal element-containing manganese salt aqueous solution can have any concentration, but the total concentration of manganese ions and metal ions of the metal elements can be exemplified as 1 mol / L or more. By making the total concentration of metal ions in the metal element-containing manganese salt aqueous solution 1 mol / L or more, metal-containing manganese trioxide complex particles can be obtained efficiently.
- the ratio of manganese ions to metal element ions can be arbitrary.
- the ratio of the molar concentration of metal element ions to the molar concentration of manganese ions (Me / Mn (mol / mol)) is 0 ⁇ Me / Mn ⁇ 0.5 when Me is the only metal element (Me is the metal element) ),
- the metal element includes metal compound particles, 0 ⁇ Me / Mn ⁇ 0.5 can be exemplified.
- an alkaline aqueous solution (hereinafter referred to as an alkaline aqueous solution).
- alkaline aqueous solution an alkaline aqueous solution
- Aqueous solutions such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide, can be illustrated.
- the concentration of the alkali metal or alkaline earth metal in the alkaline aqueous solution may be 1 mol / L or more.
- the temperature of the metal element-containing manganese salt aqueous solution may be 60 ° C. or higher and 95 ° C. or lower, preferably 70 ° C. or higher and 80 ° C. or lower.
- the oxidizing agent include gas oxidizing agents such as oxygen-containing gas, and liquid oxidizing agents such as hydrogen peroxide.
- the oxidizing agent is preferably a gaseous oxidizing agent, more preferably an oxygen-containing gas, and even more preferably air.
- the mixing method of the metal element-containing manganese salt aqueous solution and the alkaline aqueous solution is not particularly limited as long as both can be uniformly mixed.
- Examples of the mixing method include a method of adding an alkaline aqueous solution to a metal element-containing manganese salt aqueous solution and mixing, a method of adding a metal element-containing manganese salt aqueous solution and an alkaline aqueous solution in a solvent such as pure water, and the like. it can.
- the mixing method is preferably a method in which the metal element-containing manganese salt aqueous solution and the alkali aqueous solution are added to a solvent and mixed.
- trimanganese tetroxide In the conventional manufacturing method of trimanganese tetroxide, after producing manganese hydroxide under a nitrogen atmosphere, trimanganese tetroxide is produced under an oxidizing atmosphere. For this reason, in the conventional production method, it is essential to change the reaction atmosphere in order to produce trimanganese tetroxide, and metal-containing manganese tetroxide composite particles cannot be produced continuously.
- trimanganese tetraoxide is directly crystallized from a metal element-containing manganese salt aqueous solution. Therefore, there is no need to change the reaction atmosphere during the process. Therefore, the metal-containing manganese trioxide composite particles can be continuously produced directly from the metal element-containing manganese salt aqueous solution.
- the metal-containing manganese trioxide composite particles obtained in the presence of the complexing agent may have the same composition as the metal-containing manganese trioxide composite particles obtained without using the complexing agent. Powder properties such as particle size are different.
- the precipitation of the metal compound is at least that of trimanganese tetraoxide or metal-containing trimanganese tetraoxide composite particles. It is preferable to mix a slurry containing any of the above, a metal salt aqueous solution, and an alkali aqueous solution.
- a metal salt aqueous solution examples include aqueous solutions of various metal sulfates, chlorides, nitrates, acetates, and the like.
- dissolved various metals or its oxides in various acid aqueous solution such as a sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, and an acetic acid, can be used conveniently.
- the metal in the metal salt aqueous solution is preferably at least one ion of a metal element.
- the metal of the metal salt aqueous solution is more preferably at least one of cobalt and nickel. It is preferable that The concentration of the metal salt aqueous solution is preferably 1 mol / L or more as the metal ion concentration from the viewpoint of productivity.
- the alkaline aqueous solution examples include aqueous solutions of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonia and the like.
- the aqueous alkali solution is preferably an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution.
- the concentration of the aqueous alkali solution can be exemplified by 1 mol / L or more as the hydroxide concentration.
- a metal compound is deposited on these surfaces by mixing a slurry containing manganese trioxide or metal-containing manganese trioxide composite particles, a metal salt aqueous solution and an alkali aqueous solution.
- the mixing temperature is preferably 40 ° C. or higher, and more preferably 60 ° C. or higher in order to increase the filling properties of the trimanganese tetraoxide-coated composite particles.
- the reaction time is preferably 1 hour or longer.
- the pH for precipitating the metal compound on the trimanganese tetroxide or metal-containing trimanganese tetroxide composite particles is arbitrary, but the pH may be 7.5 or more and 10 or less.
- the method for producing metal-containing manganese trioxide composite particles of the present invention includes a firing step of firing the obtained metal-containing manganese trioxide composite particles to obtain metal-containing manganese trioxide composite particles. May be.
- the metal-containing trimanganese tetraoxide composite particles of the present invention can be used as a raw material for a metal-substituted lithium manganese composite oxide. Furthermore, the metal-substituted lithium manganese composite oxide thus obtained can be used as a positive electrode material such as a positive electrode active material, preferably as a positive electrode active material of a lithium secondary battery.
- the method for producing a metal-substituted lithium manganese composite oxide of the present invention includes a mixing step of mixing the above-mentioned metal-containing manganese trioxide composite particles and at least one of lithium and a lithium compound, and a heating step of heat treatment. Have.
- any lithium compound may be used.
- the lithium compound include lithium hydroxide, lithium oxide, lithium carbonate, lithium iodide, lithium nitrate, lithium oxalate, and alkyl lithium.
- examples of preferable lithium compounds include lithium hydroxide, lithium oxide, and lithium carbonate.
- the metal-substituted lithium manganese composite oxide preferably has a spinel structure or a layered rock salt structure. Further, when the crystal structure is a spinel type, the composition is more preferably represented by the following formula. Li 1 + y A z Mn 2-yz O 4
- A is a metal element other than Mn, preferably a metal element of at least one metal element, and y and z each satisfy the following formula. 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.33 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.67
- the mode particle diameter was measured as the average particle diameter of the sample.
- MICROTRAC HRA 9320-X100 (trade name of Nikkiso Co., Ltd.) was used for the measurement of the mode particle size.
- the sample was dispersed in pure water to obtain a measurement solution, and ammonia water was added to adjust the pH to 8.5. Thereafter, the measurement solution was subjected to ultrasonic dispersion for 3 minutes, and then the mode particle diameter was measured.
- the battery characteristic test as a positive electrode of lithium composite oxide was conducted.
- a lithium composite oxide and a conductive agent mixture of polytetrafluoroethylene and acetylene black, trade name: TAB-2) were mixed at a weight ratio of 4: 1, and meshed at a pressure of 1 ton / cm 2 (SUS316).
- TAB-2 polytetrafluoroethylene and acetylene black
- a battery was constructed using The battery was charged and discharged at room temperature with a constant current between 4.3 V and 2.5 V using the battery. The discharge capacity at the first charge and discharge 10 times was evaluated.
- the obtained raw material solution was added to 80 ° C. pure water, thereby obtaining a reaction slurry in which an oxide was crystallized.
- the addition of the raw material solution is performed by blowing oxygen gas into the pure water (reaction slurry) so that the oxidation-reduction potential in the pure water (reaction slurry) is 100 ⁇ 20 mV, and the pH of the pure water (reaction slurry) is This was carried out while adding a 2 mol / L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution to pure water (reaction slurry) so as to be constant at 8.0.
- the obtained reaction slurry was filtered, washed with pure water, and then dried at 120 ° C. in the air to obtain the oxide of Example 1.
- the XRD pattern of the oxide of Example 1 is the JCPDS pattern No.
- the spinel structure has an XRD pattern equivalent to the X-ray diffraction pattern of 24-734, the peak shifts to the high angle side, the peak intensity ratio also changes, and the JCPDS pattern no. It turned out that it shifted to the XRD pattern of 23-392. From these results, it was found that the oxide of Example 1 was Mg-substituted manganese trioxide represented by the formula Mg 0.02 Mn 2.98 O 4 .
- Table 1 The evaluation results of Mg-substituted manganese trioxide of this example are shown in Table 1, and the XRD pattern is shown in FIG.
- Example 2 The oxide of this example was obtained by the same method as in Example 1 except that an aqueous solution containing 1.9 mol / L manganese sulfate and 0.1 mol / L magnesium sulfate was used as the raw material solution.
- the Mg / Mn molar ratio in the raw material solution was 0.05.
- the XRD pattern of the oxide of Example 1 is the JCPDS pattern No. Although the spinel structure has an XRD pattern equivalent to the X-ray diffraction pattern of 24-734, the peak shifts to the high angle side, the peak intensity ratio also changes, and the JCPDS pattern no. 23-392, that is, an XRD pattern having a spinel structure represented by the composition formula MgMn 2 O 4 .
- the oxide of this example was Mg-substituted manganese trioxide represented by the formula Mg 0.13 Mn 2.87 O 4 .
- the evaluation results of the Mg-containing manganese oxide of this example are shown in Table 1, the XRD pattern is shown in FIG. 1, and the particle size distribution is shown in FIG.
- Example 3 The oxide of this example was obtained by the same method as in Example 1 except that an aqueous solution containing 1.8 mol / L manganese sulfate and 0.2 mol / L magnesium sulfate was used as the raw material solution.
- the Mg / Mn molar ratio in the raw material solution was 0.11.
- the XRD pattern of the oxide of Example 1 is the JCPDS pattern No.
- the spinel structure of the XRD pattern is the same as the XRD pattern of 24-734, but the peak is shifted to the high angle side and the peak intensity ratio is changed. It turned out that it shifted to the XRD pattern of 23-392.
- the oxide of this example was Mg-substituted manganese trioxide represented by the formula Mg 0.22 Mn 2.78 O 4 .
- the evaluation results of the Mg-containing manganese oxide of this example are shown in Table 1, and the XRD pattern is shown in FIG.
- Example 4 The oxide of this example was obtained by the same method as in Example 1 except that an aqueous solution containing 1.75 mol / L manganese sulfate and 0.25 mol / L magnesium sulfate was used as the raw material solution.
- the Mg / Mn molar ratio in the raw material solution was 0.14.
- the XRD pattern of the oxide of this example is the JCPDS pattern No.
- the spinel structure of the XRD pattern is the same as the XRD pattern of 24-734, but the peak is shifted to the high angle side and the peak intensity ratio is changed. It turned out that it shifted to the XRD pattern of 23-392.
- the oxide of this example was Mg-substituted trimanganese tetraoxide represented by the formula Mg 0.35 Mn 2.65 O 4 .
- the evaluation results of the Mg-containing manganese oxide of this example are shown in Table 1, and the XRD pattern is shown in FIG. From the XRD patterns of Examples 1 to 4, it was found that the XRD peak shifted to the high angle side as the Mg content in the manganese oxide increased. Thus, it was found that these Mg-substituted manganese trioxides had Mg substituted in the spinel crystal structure of trimanganese tetraoxide.
- Example 5 An aqueous solution containing 1.94 mol / L manganese sulfate and 0.06 mol / L magnesium sulfate was used as the raw material solution, and the reaction slurry was drained at the same rate as the addition rate of the raw material solution and continuously 100
- the oxide of this example was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the reaction was performed for a period of time.
- the Mg / Mn molar ratio in the raw material solution was 0.03.
- the XRD pattern of the oxide of this example is the JCPDS pattern No.
- the spinel structure of the XRD pattern is the same as the XRD pattern of 24-734, but the peak is shifted to the high angle side and the peak intensity ratio is changed. It turned out that it shifted to the XRD pattern of 23-392. From these results, it was found that the oxide of this example was Mg-substituted manganese trioxide represented by the formula Mg 0.07 Mn 2.93 O 4 .
- the evaluation results of the Mg-containing manganese oxide of this example are shown in Table 1, and the XRD pattern is shown in FIG.
- Example 6 The oxide of this example was obtained in the same manner as in Example 5 except that an aqueous solution containing 1.68 mol / L manganese sulfate and 0.32 mol / L magnesium sulfate was used as the raw material solution.
- the Mg / Mn molar ratio in the raw material solution was 0.16.
- the XRD pattern of the oxide of this example is the JCPDS pattern No.
- the spinel structure of the XRD pattern is the same as the XRD pattern of 24-734, but the peak is shifted to the high angle side and the peak intensity ratio is changed. It turned out that it shifted to the XRD pattern of 23-392.
- the oxide of the additional example 2 was Mg-substituted manganese trioxide represented by the formula Mg 0.08 Mn 2.92 O 4 .
- the evaluation results of the Mg-containing manganese oxide of this example are shown in Table 1, and the XRD pattern is shown in FIG.
- Example 7 The oxide of this example was obtained in the same manner as in Example 5 except that an aqueous solution containing 1.86 mol / L manganese sulfate and 0.14 mol / L magnesium sulfate was used as the raw material solution.
- the Mg / Mn molar ratio in the raw material solution was 0.07.
- the XRD pattern of the oxide of this example is the JCPDS pattern No.
- the spinel structure of the XRD pattern is the same as the XRD pattern of 24-734, but the peak is shifted to the high angle side and the peak intensity ratio is changed. It turned out that it shifted to the XRD pattern of 23-392.
- the oxide of this example was Mg-substituted manganese trioxide represented by the formula Mg 0.1 Mn 2.9 O 4 .
- the evaluation results of the Mg-containing manganese oxide of this example are shown in Table 1, and the XRD pattern is shown in FIG.
- Example 8 The oxide of this example was obtained in the same manner as in Example 5 except that an aqueous solution containing 1.68 mol / L manganese sulfate and 0.32 mol / L magnesium sulfate was used as the raw material solution.
- the Mg / Mn molar ratio in the raw material solution was 0.16.
- the XRD pattern of the oxide of this example is the JCPDS pattern No.
- the spinel structure of the XRD pattern is the same as the XRD pattern of 24-734, but the peak is shifted to the high angle side and the peak intensity ratio is changed. It turned out that it shifted to the XRD pattern of 23-392.
- the oxide of this example was Mg-substituted manganese trioxide represented by the formula Mg 0.2 Mn 2.8 O 4 .
- the evaluation results of the Mg-containing manganese oxide of this example are shown in Table 1, the XRD pattern is shown in FIG. 3, and the particle size distribution is shown in FIG. From the results of these Examples, it was confirmed that the metal-substituted manganese trioxide can be continuously produced over a long time of 100 hours or more by the production method of the present invention.
- Example 1 A raw material solution was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2. The Mg / Mn molar ratio in the raw material solution was 0.05. The obtained raw material solution was added to pure water at 80 ° C., thereby generating a hydroxide to obtain a reaction slurry. The addition of the raw material solution was performed by blowing nitrogen gas into pure water (reaction slurry), and adding 2 mol / L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution to pure water (reaction slurry) so that the pH of the pure water (reaction slurry) was constant at 10. To the reaction slurry). After the hydroxide was generated, nitrogen gas blowing was stopped and air was blown into the reaction slurry to obtain a reaction slurry containing the oxide.
- the obtained reaction slurry was filtered, washed with pure water, and then dried at 120 ° C. in the air to obtain the oxide of Comparative Example 1.
- the XRD diffraction pattern of the Mg-containing manganese oxide of this comparative example is the JCPDS pattern No.
- an XRD pattern of a layered manganese oxide or the like was confirmed, and it was found to be composed of a mixture.
- the evaluation results of the Mg-containing manganese oxide of this comparative example are shown in Table 1, the XRD pattern is shown in FIG. 1, and the particle size distribution is shown in FIG.
- Example 9 The Mg-substituted manganese trioxide of Example 1 and lithium carbonate were mixed in a mortar and baked at 850 ° C. for 12 hours in an air stream. As a result, an Mg-substituted lithium manganese composite oxide having Li, Mg, and Mn was obtained. The obtained Mg-substituted lithium manganese composite oxide had a single phase with a spinel structure and a composition of Li 1.10 Mg 0.09 Mn 1.81 O 4 .
- Table 2 The evaluation results of the Mg-substituted lithium manganese composite oxide of this example are shown in Table 2, and the XRD diagram is shown in FIG.
- Example 10 A Mg-substituted lithium manganese composite oxide having Li, Mg, and Mn was obtained in the same manner as in Example 9 except that the Mg-substituted manganese trioxide of Example 2 was used.
- the obtained Mg-substituted lithium manganese composite oxide had a single phase with a spinel structure and a composition of Li 1.10 Mg 0.09 Mn 1.81 O 4 .
- the evaluation results of the Mg-substituted lithium manganese composite oxide of this example are shown in Table 2, and the XRD diagram is shown in FIG.
- Example 11 Manganese sulfate (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, reagent grade) was dissolved in pure water to prepare a 2 mol / L manganese sulfate solution. The resulting manganese sulfate solution was mixed with aluminum hydroxide particles having an average particle size of 3 ⁇ m to obtain a raw material solution. The Al / Mn molar ratio in the raw material solution was 0.05. The obtained raw material solution was added to 80 ° C. pure water and reacted for 20 hours to obtain a reaction slurry containing particles obtained by crystallizing manganese oxide on aluminum hydroxide particles.
- the addition of the raw material solution is performed by blowing oxygen gas into the pure water (reaction slurry) so that the oxidation-reduction potential in the pure water (reaction slurry) is 100 ⁇ 20 mV, and the pH of the pure water (reaction slurry) is This was carried out while adding a 2 mol / L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution to pure water (reaction slurry) so as to be constant at 8.0.
- the obtained reaction slurry was filtered, washed with pure water, and then dried at 120 ° C. in the air to obtain composite particles of this example.
- the crystal phase of the particles has a JCPDS pattern No. corresponding to the spinel structure. A pattern equivalent to the XRD pattern of 24-734 and an XRD pattern of aluminum hydroxide were confirmed.
- the composite particles of this example were trimanganese tetraoxide composite particles composed of aluminum hydroxide and trimanganese tetraoxide. Further, the composite particles had a low impurity content of 1.1 wt% SO 4 .
- the evaluation results of the trimanganese tetraoxide composite particles of this example are shown in Table 3, the XRD measurement results are shown in FIG. 7, the SEM observation results are shown in FIG. 8, and the particle size distribution is shown in FIG.
- trimanganese tetroxide composite particles of this example are firmly agglomerated with aluminum hydroxide particles so that the primary particles of trimanganese tetroxide include aluminum hydroxide particles to form secondary particles. It was.
- Example 12 Composite particles of this example were obtained in the same manner as in Example 11 except that aluminum hydroxide particles were mixed in the manganese sulfate solution so that the Al / Mn molar ratio was 0.1.
- the crystal phase of the composite particle has a JCPDS pattern No. corresponding to the spinel structure.
- a pattern equivalent to the XRD pattern of 24-734 and an XRD pattern of aluminum hydroxide were confirmed.
- the composite particles of this example were trimanganese tetraoxide composite particles composed of aluminum hydroxide and trimanganese tetraoxide.
- the composite particles had a low SO 4 content of 0.8% by weight.
- the evaluation results of the trimanganese tetraoxide composite particles of this example are shown in Table 3, and the XRD measurement results are shown in FIG.
- Example 13 Compound particles were obtained in the same manner as in Example 11 except that the reaction slurry was continuously discharged for 100 hours while removing the reaction slurry at the same rate as the addition rate of the raw material solution.
- the crystal phase of the particles has a JCPDS pattern No. corresponding to the spinel structure.
- a pattern equivalent to the XRD pattern of 24-734 and an aluminum hydroxide pattern were confirmed. From these results, the composite particles of this example were trimanganese tetraoxide composite particles composed of aluminum hydroxide and trimanganese tetraoxide.
- the composite particles had a low SO 4 content of 0.5% by weight.
- the evaluation results of trimanganese tetraoxide in this example are shown in Table 3, and the XRD measurement results are shown in FIG.
- Example 14 The oxide of this example was obtained in the same manner as in Example 13 except that aluminum hydroxide particles were mixed in the manganese sulfate solution so that the Al / Mn molar ratio was 0.1.
- the crystal phase of the particles has a JCPDS pattern No. corresponding to the spinel structure.
- a pattern equivalent to the XRD pattern of 24-734 and an XRD pattern of aluminum hydroxide were confirmed.
- the composite particles of this example were trimanganese tetraoxide composite particles composed of aluminum hydroxide and trimanganese tetraoxide.
- the composite particles had a low SO 4 content of 0.4% by weight.
- the evaluation results of trimanganese tetraoxide in this example are shown in Table 3, and the XRD measurement results are shown in FIG.
- the oxide is a crystal phase containing a spinel structure and another structure, and both are near amorphous crystals showing a broad XRD pattern.
- the oxide of a present Example is Al containing trimanganese tetroxide.
- the Al-containing trimanganese tetroxide had SO 4 of 1.4% by weight.
- the evaluation results of the Al-containing trimanganese tetraoxide of this example are shown in Table 3, and the XRD measurement results are shown in FIG.
- the oxide of a present Example is Al containing trimanganese tetroxide.
- the Al-containing tetroxide manganese SO 4 was 0.64 wt%.
- the Al-containing manganese oxide of this example was a particle having a structure in which hexagonal plate-like crystals were laminated, that is, a so-called card house type particle.
- the evaluation results of the Al-containing trimanganese tetraoxide of this comparative example are shown in Table 3, and the XRD measurement results are shown in FIG.
- the Al-containing manganese oxide of this example was a card house type particle.
- the evaluation results of the Al-containing manganese oxide of this example are shown in Table 3, the XRD measurement results are shown in FIG. 7, and the SEM observation results are shown in FIG.
- trimanganese tetraoxide composite particles of the present invention have not only high crystallinity but also SO 4 content compared to aluminum-substituted trimanganese tetraoxide obtained from a solution containing manganese and aluminum. was found to be very low. Furthermore, it turned out that a filling property becomes high compared with Al containing manganese trioxide obtained from a solution.
- Example 18 The trimanganese tetraoxide composite particles obtained in Example 11 and lithium carbonate were mixed in a mortar and fired at 850 ° C. for 12 hours in an air stream to obtain a composite oxide having Li, Al, and Mn.
- the obtained metal-substituted lithium manganese composite oxide was a single phase having a spinel structure, and its composition was Li 1.04 Al 0.07 Mn 1.89 O 4 .
- Table 4 shows the composition analysis results of the metal-substituted lithium manganese composite oxide obtained, and FIG. 12 shows the XRD diagram.
- Example 19 A metal-substituted lithium manganese composite oxide was obtained in the same manner as in Example 18 except that the trimanganese tetraoxide composite particles obtained in Example 12 were used.
- the obtained metal-substituted lithium manganese composite oxide had a single phase with a spinel structure, and its composition was Li 1.02 Al 0.19 Mn 1.79 O 4 .
- Table 4 shows the composition analysis results of the metal-substituted lithium manganese composite oxide obtained, and FIG. 12 shows the XRD diagram.
- Example 20 [Production of trimanganese tetraoxide coated composite particles] Nickel sulfate (made by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, reagent special grade) and cobalt sulfate (made by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, reagent special grade) are dissolved in pure water, and a raw material solution containing 2 mol / L nickel sulfate and 2 mol / L cobalt sulfate is prepared. Prepared. The Ni / Co molar ratio in the raw material solution was 1. 67.3 g of the obtained raw material solution was added to 80 ° C. pure water to precipitate a coprecipitation compound, thereby obtaining a reaction slurry.
- the raw material solution was added while adding a 2 mol / L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution to the pure water (reaction slurry) so that the pH of the pure water (reaction slurry) was 8.0. After the addition of the raw material solution, the reaction slurry was stirred for 1 hour. Thereby, 99.9% of nickel and cobalt in the raw material solution were precipitated as a coprecipitation compound. A part of the reaction slurry was collected, filtered, washed and dried to obtain a dry powder of the coprecipitated compound.
- a composite coprecipitate was obtained by adding 32.8 g of a 2 mol / L aqueous manganese sulfate solution to the reaction slurry containing nickel cobalt composite hydroxide after stirring.
- the addition of the manganese sulfate aqueous solution is performed by blowing oxygen gas into the reaction slurry so that the oxidation-reduction potential in the reaction slurry is 100 ⁇ 20 mV, and 2 mol / wt so that the pH of the reaction slurry is constant at 7.0.
- L was added while adding an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution to the reaction slurry.
- the reaction slurry is stirred for 1 hour, and then the reaction slurry is filtered and washed, and the resulting composite coprecipitate is dried at 110 ° C. to thereby produce composite metal compound composite particles of this example.
- the manganese sulfate solution After the addition of the manganese sulfate solution, the reaction slurry is stirred for 1 hour, and then the reaction slurry is filtered and washed, and the resulting composite coprecipitate is dried at 110 ° C. to thereby produce composite metal compound composite particles of this example.
- the composite metal compound of this example is a trimanganese tetraoxide-coated nickel-cobalt composite hydroxide in which Mn 3 O 4 is deposited on Ni 0.5 Co 0.5 (OH) 2. Was confirmed.
- the evaluation results of the trimanganese tetraoxide-coated nickel cobalt composite hydroxide of this example are shown in Table 5, the particle size distribution is shown in FIG. 13, the XRD diagram is shown in FIG. 14, and the SEM observation result is shown in FIG. Moreover, the SEM observation result of the nickel cobalt composite hydroxide obtained in this example is shown in FIG.
- the initial discharge capacity was 158.5 mAh / g
- the 10th discharge capacity was 156.9 mAh / g.
- the volume ratio of the first time and the 10th time was 99.0%.
- the evaluation results of the lithium composite oxide of this example are shown in Table 6, and the XRD diagram is shown in FIG.
- the obtained lithium composite oxide had a composition of Li 1.03 Ni 0.33 Co 0.33 Mn 0.34 O X.
- the lithium composite oxide was a mixture containing Li 2 MnO 3 (space group C2 / m) and NiO, although the crystal phase had a layered rock salt structure (space group R-3m).
- the initial discharge capacity was 126.0 mAh / g
- the 10th discharge capacity was 70.7 mAh / g.
- the volume ratio of the first time and the 10th time was 56.1%.
- the evaluation results of the lithium composite oxide of this comparative example are shown in Table 6.
- Nickel chloride (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, reagent special grade), cobalt chloride (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, reagent special grade), and manganese chloride (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, reagent special grade) are dissolved in pure water, 0.5 mol / A raw material solution containing L nickel chloride, 0.5 mol / L cobalt chloride, and 0.5 mol / L manganese chloride was obtained.
- the obtained raw material solution was added to pure water at 60 ° C., thereby obtaining a reaction slurry in which a coprecipitated hydroxide was precipitated.
- the raw material solution was added while adding a 3 mol / L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution to the pure water (reaction slurry) so that the pH of the pure water (reaction slurry) was constant at 9.0.
- the obtained coprecipitate compound slurry was filtered, washed with pure water, and dried to obtain a coprecipitate compound of this comparative example.
- the particle size distribution curve showed a sharp single peak, and the average particle size was 8.5 ⁇ m.
- the evaluation results of the nickel-cobalt-manganese composite hydroxide of this comparative example are shown in Table 6.
- An oxide was obtained.
- the obtained lithium composite oxide had a composition of Li 1.04 [Ni 0.33 Mn 0.34 Co 0.33 ] O 2 .
- the lithium composite oxide was found to have a layered rock salt structure (space group R-3m) in the crystal phase. The particle size distribution was wide and the tap density was 2.84 g / cm 3 .
- the initial discharge capacity was 150.0 mAh / g
- the 10th discharge capacity was 148.0 mAh / g.
- the volume ratio of the first time and the 10th time was 98.7%.
- the evaluation results of the lithium composite oxide of this comparative example are shown in Table 6.
- the lithium-based composite oxide obtained using the trimanganese tetroxide-coated composite particles of the present invention is a lithium-based composite oxide obtained by dry mixing or a coprecipitation method.
- the charge / discharge cycle life was also high.
- the lithium composite oxide of the example of the present invention had a larger initial discharge capacity than the lithium composite oxide of Comparative Example 3.
- the lithium composite oxide obtained by using the composite particles of trimanganese tetraoxide of the present invention has a large discharge capacity as well as a charge / discharge cycle life.
- Example 21 [Production of metal-coated manganese trioxide composite particles]
- Manganese sulfate (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, reagent special grade) was dissolved in pure water to obtain a raw material solution containing 2 mol / L manganese sulfate.
- the obtained raw material solution was added to 80 ° C. pure water, thereby obtaining a reaction slurry in which manganese oxide was crystallized.
- the raw material solution was added by blowing air so that the oxidation-reduction potential of the reaction slurry was 100 mV, and adding a 2 mol / L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution so that the pH of the reaction slurry was constant at 8.0. I went there.
- the reaction slurry was stirred for 1 hour.
- nickel sulfate manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, special grade for reagent
- cobalt sulfate made by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, special grade for reagent
- a raw material solution was prepared.
- the Ni / Co molar ratio in the composite raw material solution was 1.
- Compound particles were obtained by adding 67.2 g of the composite raw material solution to the stirred reaction slurry containing trimanganese tetroxide.
- the composite raw material solution was added while adding a 2 mol / L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution to the reaction slurry so that the pH of the reaction slurry was constant at 7.5.
- the reaction slurry is stirred for 1 hour, and then the reaction slurry is filtered and washed, and the resulting composite particles are dried at 110 ° C. to thereby produce the metal-coated manganese trioxide composite of this example. Particles were obtained.
- the metal-coated trimanganese tetroxide composite particles of this example contain 21.1% by weight of Ni, 21.6% by weight of Co, and 20.4% by weight of Mn as metal elements. The ratio was 1.0 / 1.0 / 1.0. Further, the metal-coated manganese trioxide composite particles include a crystal phase containing trimanganese tetraoxide (Hausmannite, space group I41 / amd) and nickel cobalt composite hydroxide (layered structure, space group P-3m1). It was.
- the metal-coated trimanganese tetraoxide composite particles of the present example were nickel-cobalt hydroxide-coated tetraoxide composed of Ni 0.5 Co 0.5 (OH) 2 and Mn 3 O 4. It was found to be a manganese composite particle.
- the evaluation results of the nickel-cobalt hydroxide-coated trimanganese tetroxide composite particles of this example are shown in Table 7, the XRD diagram is shown in FIG. 18, and the particle size distribution is shown in FIG. In addition, an XRD diagram of the manganese trioxide obtained in Example 21 is shown in FIG.
- the obtained lithium composite oxide is a single phase having a composition of Li 1.04 Ni 0.33 Co 0.33 Mn 0.34 O 2.0 and a crystal phase of a layered rock salt structure (space group R-3m). Met.
- the initial discharge capacity was 150.0 mAh / g
- the 10th discharge capacity was 148.5 mAh / g.
- the volume ratio of the first time and the 10th time was 99.0%.
- the evaluation results of the lithium composite oxide of this example and Comparative Examples 2 and 3 are shown in Table 8, and the XRD diagram of the lithium composite oxide of this example is shown in FIG.
- the lithium-based composite oxide obtained using the trimanganese tetroxide composite particles of the present invention is the same as the lithium composite oxide obtained by solid phase mixing or coprecipitation method. Even in comparison, not only the initial discharge capacity was large, but also the charge / discharge cycle life was high.
- the metal-containing trimanganese tetraoxide composite particles of the present invention can be used as a raw material for a lithium composite oxide, particularly a metal-substituted lithium manganese composite oxide, which is a positive electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery.
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Abstract
Description
この様な金属置換リチウムマンガン系複合酸化物の製造方法として、リチウム原料及びマンガン原料以外に、他元素化合物を添加して混合、焼成する方法や(特許文献1)、各原料を微粉砕して、これをスラリーとしたものを乾燥して得られた凝集体を焼成する方法が報告されている(特許文献2)。
また、より電池性能の高いリチウム二次電池の正極材料として、複合化したリチウム複合酸化物も報告されている。
また、マンガン、ニッケル及びコバルトを含有する溶液を、錯化剤の共存化で析出させ、これらの元素が均一に分散したコバルトマンガン共沈水酸化ニッケル粒子を得、これを正極材料の原料とすることが報告されている(特許文献5)。
(1)金属元素(リチウム及びマンガンを除く)を含有することを特徴とする金属含有四三酸化マンガン複合化粒子。
(2)金属元素が、Mg、Al、Si、Ca、Ti、V、Cr、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Ga、Ge、Y、Zr、Nb、Mo、Ag、In及びSnの群から選ばれる少なくとも1種である上記1に記載の金属含有四三酸化マンガン複合化粒子。
(3)金属元素が、Al又はMgのいずれか1種以上である上記1又は2に記載の金属含有四三酸化マンガン複合化粒子。
(4)平均粒子径が、1μm以上、30μm以下である上記1乃至3のいずれか一項に記載の金属含有四三酸化マンガン複合化粒子。
(5)粒子径の標準偏差変動係数が50%以下である上記1乃至4のいずれか一項に記載の金属含有四三酸化マンガン複合化粒子。
(6)四三酸化マンガンの結晶構造中のマンガンが金属元素により置換された粒子である上記1乃至5のいずれか一項に記載の金属含有四三酸化マンガン複合化粒子。
(7)下式(1)で表される上記(6)に記載の金属含有四三酸化マンガン複合化粒子。
AxMn3-xO4 ・・・(1)
(式中、Aはリチウム及びマンガンを除く金属元素であり、xは1以下である。)
(8)金属元素を含む化合物と四三酸化マンガンとが粒子状で複合化されている上記(1)乃至(5)のいずれか一項に記載の金属含有四三酸化マンガン複合化粒子。
(9)前記金属元素を含む化合物が、水酸化アルミニウム及びニッケル-コバルト複合水酸化物の少なくともいずれかである上記(8)に記載の金属含有四三酸化マンガン複合化粒子。
(10)上記1乃至9のいずれか一項に記載の金属含有四三酸化マンガン複合化粒子の製造方法であって、マンガンイオンと、マンガン及びリチウム以外の金属元素とを含有するマンガン塩水溶液から、マンガン水酸化物を経由することなく、又は、マンガン水酸化物の結晶成長を抑止した条件下で四三酸化マンガンを晶析させる晶析工程を有することを特徴とする製造方法。
(11)金属元素が、Mg、Al、Si、Ca、Ti、V、Cr、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Ga、Ge、Y、Zr、Nb、Mo、Ag、In及びSnの群から選ばれる少なくとも1種のイオン又は化合物である上記(10)に記載の製造方法。
(12)前記晶析工程において、pHが6以上9以下、及び酸化還元電位が0mV以上300mV以下の少なくとも一方を満たす条件で金属置換四三酸化マンガンを晶析させる上記(10)又は(11)に記載の製造方法。
(13)前記晶析工程において、前記マンガン塩水溶液に酸素含有ガスを吹き込む上記(10)乃至(12)のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。
(14)上記(1)乃至(9)のいずれか一項に記載の金属含有四三酸化マンガン複合化粒子とリチウム化合物とを混合する混合工程、熱処理する加熱工程と、を有する金属置換リチウムマンガン系複合酸化物の製造方法。
(15)上記(1)乃至(9)のいずれか一項に記載の金属含有四三酸化マンガン複合化粒子を使用して得られるリチウムマンガン系複合酸化物。
(16)上記(15)に記載のリチウムマンガン系複合酸化物を含む正極活物質。
さらに、本発明の金属含有四三酸化マンガン複合化粒子が、金属置換四三酸化マンガンである場合、これは金属を均一に含有し、なおかつ、取扱性(ハンドリング性)に優れた粒子径を有している。さらには、置換金属が数mol%と多くなっても均一な組成を有する。そのため、リチウム二次電池の正極材料であり、高い電池特性を有する金属置換リチウムマンガン系複合酸化物を製造するための原料として用いることができる。
本発明において「金属元素を含有する」とは、四三酸化マンガンの結晶構造において金属元素がマンガンと置換した形態のみならず、金属元素を含む化合物(以下、単に「金属化合物」ともいう。)と四三酸化マンガンとが粒子状で複合化することにより四三酸化マンガンが金属元素を含有する形態を含む。
本発明において、平均粒子径とは、体積基準で50%になる粒子径(所謂D50)である。複合化粒子の粒子径分布が単分散である場合、その最頻粒子径と平均粒子径が一致する。この場合、最頻粒子径をもって平均粒子径とすることができる。
なお、Cvは以下の式で求めることができる。
Cv(%) =(粒子径の標準偏差÷平均粒子径)×100
次に、本発明の金属含有四三酸化マンガン複合化粒子が、金属元素が四三酸化マンガンの結晶構造中のマンガンと置換されたもの(以下、金属置換四三酸化マンガンとする。)について説明する。
金属置換四三酸化マンガンは、以下の式(1)で表されるマンガン酸化物であることが好ましい。
AxMn3-xO4 ・・・(1)
本発明の金属含有四三酸化マンガン複合化粒子において、金属元素を含む化合物(以下、単に「金属化合物」ともいう。)と四三酸化マンガンとが粒子状で複合化された場合(以下、「粒子型四三酸化マンガン」ともいう。)について説明する。
粒子含有四三酸化マンガンは、金属化合物粒子を含んだ四三酸化マンガンからなる四三酸化マンガン粒子複合化粒子であることが好ましい。
金属化合物粒子は金属化合物の酸化物、水酸化物、炭酸塩などの粒子を挙げることができ、水酸化物の粒子であることが好ましい。
粒子含有四三酸化マンガンの平均粒子径は、1μm以上であることが好ましく、3μm以上であることがより好ましい。平均粒子径が1μm以上であることで、これを原料として得られるチウムマンガン系複合酸化物の保存安定性が高くなりやすい。平均粒子径が30μm以下、さらには10μm以下であれば、金属置換リチウムマンガン系複合酸化物の原料として使用しやすくなる。
金属被覆四三酸化マンガンは、表面に金属化合物を有する四三酸化マンガンであることが好ましい。これにより、金属被覆四三酸化マンガンを原料として得られる金属置換リチウムマンガン系複合酸化物の電池特性、特に充放電サイクル特性が高くなる。
金属被覆四三酸化マンガンでは、金属化合物は四三酸化マンガン粒子の表面に存在する。具体的な存在形態としては、四三酸化マンガン粒子表面に金属化合物が存在する、いわゆるコアシェル構造を挙げることができる。
金属化合物としては、酸化物、水酸化物、炭酸塩を挙げることができ、水酸化物であることが好ましい。
リチウム複合酸化物を製造した場合に充放電サイクル特性や高温での電池特性を向上させる観点から、金属化合物は、コバルト又はニッケルの少なくともいずれかであることがより好ましく、コバルト及びニッケルであることが好ましく、ニッケル-コバルト複合水酸化物であることが好ましい。
金属被覆四三酸化マンガン複合化粒子において、四三酸化マンガンと金属化合物中の金属(Me)の比率は、モル比でMn/Meが4/1~1/4であることが好ましい。
金属被覆四三酸化マンガンは、そのBET比表面積が10m2/gを超えることが好ましく、15m2/g以上であることがより好ましい。BET比表面積が10m2/gを超えることでリチウム化合物との反応性が向上する傾向にある。
四三酸化マンガン被覆金属化合物は、金属化合物粒子上に四三酸化マンガンを有する複合化粒子であることが好ましい。これにより、本発明の四三酸化マンガン被覆金属化合物を原料として得られる金属置換リチウムマンガン系複合酸化物の電池特性、特に充放電サイクル特性が高くなる。
リチウム複合酸化物を製造した場合に充放電サイクル特性や高温での電池特性を向上させる観点から、金属化合物粒子は、コバルト又はニッケルの少なくともいずれかの化合物の粒子であることがより好ましく、コバルト及びニッケルの化合物の粒子であることが好ましく、ニッケル-コバルト複合水酸化物粒子であることがより好ましい。
四三酸化マンガン被覆金属化合物は、四三酸化マンガン及び金属化合物を含む。したがって、そのXRDパターンは、スピネル構造のXRDパターンと、金属化合物のXRDパターンの両者を含む。
四三酸化マンガン被覆金属化合物において、四三酸化マンガンの存在形態の1つとして、単一の金属化合物粒子の表面に四三酸化マンガンが存在して構成される、いわゆるコアシェル構造が挙げられる。このような存在形態において、多孔性の金属化合物を用いることで、四三酸化マンガンが金属酸化物粒子の細孔内部まで分散することができる。そのため、本発明の金属化合物複合化粒子が含む金属酸化物粒子は多孔質であることが好ましい。
四三酸化マンガン被覆金属化合物は、そのBET比表面積が10m2/gを超えることが好ましく、15m2/g以上であることがより好ましい。BET比表面積が10m2/gを超えることでリチウム化合物との反応性が向上する傾向にある。
本発明の金属含有四三酸化マンガン複合化粒子は、マンガンイオンと、マンガン及びリチウム以外の金属元素とを含有するマンガン塩水溶液(以下、「金属元素含有マンガン塩水溶液」とする)からマンガン水酸化物を経由することなく、又は、マンガン水酸化物の結晶成長を十分に抑止した条件下において四三酸化マンガンを晶析させる晶析工程を有する製造方法により得ることができる。
晶析工程において、金属元素含有マンガン塩水溶液に含まれる金属元素は金属化合物粒子又は金属イオンの少なくともいずれかである。金属元素含有マンガン塩水溶液が金属元素として金属イオンを含む場合、晶析工程において、晶析する四三酸化マンガンは、マンガンの一部が当該金属元素で置換された金属置換四三酸化マンガンでもよい。
金属元素としては、Mg、Al、Si、Ca、Ti、V、Cr、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Ga、Ge、Y、Zr、Nb、Mo、Ag、In及びSnの群から選ばれる少なくとも1種のイオン又は化合物であることが好ましい。これらの金属元素を含有することで、本発明の製造方法により得られる金属含有四三酸化マンガン複合化粒子を原料とする金属置換リチウムマンガン系複合酸化物の電池特性が向上しやすい。金属置換リチウムマンガン系複合酸化物を製造した場合に充放電サイクル特性や高温での電池特性を向上させる観点から、金属元素はNi、Co、Mg又はAlのいずれか一種以上のイオン又は化合物の粒子であることがより好ましい。
一方、四三酸化マンガン粒子複合化粒子を製造する場合、金属元素含有マンガン塩水溶液は少なくとも金属化合物粒子を含有していればよく、金属化合物粒子はAl、Ni又はCoのいずれか一種以上の化合物粒子であることが好ましく、水酸化アルミニウム粒子又はニッケル-コバルト複合酸化物粒子のいずれかであることがより好ましい。
金属元素含有マンガン塩溶液が金属元素を金属化合物粒子として含む場合、金属化合物粒子は、金属元素の酸化物、水酸化物、炭酸塩などの粒子を挙げることができる。
さらに、粒子含有四三酸化マンガン複合化粒子を製造する場合、金属化合物粒子は、平均粒子径が5μm以下であることが好ましく、3μm以下であることがより好ましい。平均粒子径が5μm以下であることで四三酸化マンガンが金属化合物粒子を包含するように析出しやすくなる。
アルカリ水溶液のアルカリ金属又はアルカリ土類金属の濃度は1mol/L以上を例示することができる。
金属元素含有マンガン塩水溶液とアルカリ性の水溶液の混合方法は、両者を均一に混合できれば特に限定されない。混合方法としては、金属元素含有マンガン塩水溶液にアルカリ水溶液を添加して混合する方法、及び金属元素含有マンガン塩水溶液とアルカリ水溶液を、純水などの溶媒中に添加して混合する方法等が例示できる。金属元素含有マンガン塩水溶液とアルカリ水溶液を十分かつ均一に反応させる観点から、混合方法は金属元素含有マンガン塩水溶液とアルカリ水溶液を溶媒に添加して混合する方法が好ましい。
これらの錯化剤は、四三酸化マンガンの晶析挙動に影響を及ぼす。そのため、錯化剤の存在下で得た金属含有四三酸化マンガン複合化粒子は、錯化剤を用いずに得た金属含有四三酸化マンガン複合化粒子が同様の組成を有していても粒子径などの粉末物性が異なる。
金属塩水溶液としては、各種金属の硫酸塩、塩化物、硝酸塩、酢酸塩等の水溶液が例示される。また、各種金属又はその酸化物等を硫酸、塩酸、硝酸、酢酸などの各種の酸水溶液に溶解したものも好適に使用できる。
金属塩水溶液の濃度は、生産性の観点から、金属イオン濃度として1mol/L以上であることが好ましい。
本発明の製造方法では、四三酸化マンガン又は金属含有四三酸化マンガン複合化粒子を含むスラリーと、金属塩水溶液及びアルカリ水溶液を混合することで、これらの表面上に金属化合物を析出させる。
四三酸化マンガン又は金属含有四三酸化マンガン複合化粒子に金属化合物を析出させるためのpHは、任意であるが、pHが7.5以上、10以下を例示できる。
本発明の金属含有四三酸化マンガン複合化粒子の製造方法は、得られた金属含有四三酸化マンガン複合化粒子を焼成して、金属含有三二酸化マンガン複合化粒子を得る焼成工程を有していてもよい。
本発明の金属含有四三酸化マンガン複合化粒子は、金属置換リチウムマンガン系複合酸化物の原料として使用することができる。さらに、これにより得られた金属置換リチウムマンガン系複合酸化物は正極活物質などの正極材料として、好ましくはリチウム二次電池の正極活物質として使用することができる。
Li1+yAzMn2-y-zO4
0≦y≦0.33
0≦z≦0.67
(化学組成分析)
試料を塩酸と過酸化水素の混合水溶液で溶解し、ICP法によりNi、Co、Na、Mg、Ca、Li、SO4 2-及びMnの含有量を求めた。
試料の結晶相を粉末X線回折(以下、「XRD」という。)によって測定した。測定は一般的なX線回折装置を使用した。線源にはCuKα線(λ=1.5405Å)を用い、測定モードはステップスキャン、スキャン条件は毎秒0.04°、計測時間は3秒、および測定範囲は2θとして5°から80°の範囲で測定した。
試料の平均粒子径として、最頻粒子径を測定した。最頻粒子径の測定にはMICROTRAC HRA 9320-X100(日機装社商品名)を用いた。なお、測定前に試料を純水に分散させて測定溶液とし、そこにアンモニア水を添加してpH8.5にした。その後、測定溶液を3分間の超音波分散をした後、最頻粒子径を測定した。
(タップ密度測定)
試料2gを10mlのガラス製メスシリンダーに充填し、手動で200回タッピングした。重量およびタッピング後の体積から、タップ密度を算出した。
リチウム複合酸化物の正極としての電池特性試験を行った。
リチウム複合酸化物と導電剤(ポリテトラフルオロエチレンとアセチレンブラックとの混合物、商品名:TAB-2)とを重量比で4:1の割合で混合し、1ton/cm2の圧力でメッシュ(SUS316製)上にペレット状に成型した後、150℃で減圧乾燥し電池用正極を作製した。得られた電池用正極、金属リチウム箔(厚さ0.2mm)からなる負極、およびエチレンカーボネートとジエチルカーボネートとの混合溶媒に六フッ化リン酸リチウムを1mol/dm3の濃度で溶解した電解液を用いて電池を構成した。当該電池を用いて定電流で電池電圧が4.3Vから2.5Vの間、室温で充放電させた。初回および10回充放電時の放電容量を評価した。
[実施例1]
硫酸マンガン(和光純薬社製,試薬特級)及び硫酸マグネシウム(和光純薬社製,試薬特級)を純水に溶解し、1.98mol/L(リットル)の硫酸マンガン及び0.02mol/Lの硫酸マグネシウムを含む原料溶液を得た。原料溶液中のMg/Mnモル比は0.01であった。
得られた反応スラリーをろ過し、純水で洗浄後、大気中、120℃で乾燥して実施例1の酸化物を得た。
これらの結果より、実施例1の酸化物は式Mg0.02Mn2.98O4で表されるMg置換四三酸化マンガンであることが分かった。
本実施例のMg置換四三酸化マンガンの評価結果を表1に示し、また、XRDパターンを図1に示す。
原料溶液として1.9mol/Lの硫酸マンガン及び0.1mol/Lの硫酸マグネシウムを含む水溶液を使用したこと以外は実施例1と同様な方法により、本実施例の酸化物を得た。原料溶液中のMg/Mnモル比は0.05であった。
本実施例の酸化物の組成は、Mg/Mnモル比=0.045であった。また、実施例1の酸化物のXRDパターンは、JCPDSパターンのNo.24-734のX線回折パターンと同等のXRDパターンのスピネル構造であるが、ピークが高角側にシフトし、ピーク強度比も変化し、JCPDSパターンのNo.23-392のXRDパターン、即ち、組成式MgMn2O4で表されるスピネル構造のXRDパターンに近づいていた。
本実施例のMg含有マンガン酸化物の評価結果を表1に、XRDパターンを図1に、粒子径分布を図2に示す。
原料溶液として1.8mol/Lの硫酸マンガン及び0.2mol/Lの硫酸マグネシウムを含む水溶液を使用したこと以外は実施例1と同様な方法により、本実施例の酸化物を得た。原料溶液中のMg/Mnモル比は0.11であった。
本実施例の酸化物の組成は、Mg/Mnモル比=0.08であった。また、実施例1の酸化物のXRDパターンは、JCPDSパターンのNo.24-734のXRDパターンと同等のXRDパターンのスピネル構造であるが、ピークが高角側にシフトし、ピーク強度比も変化し、JCPDSパターンのNo.23-392のXRDパターンにシフトしていることが分った。
これらの結果より、本実施例の酸化物は式Mg0.22Mn2.78O4で表されるMg置換四三酸化マンガンであることが分かった。本実施例のMg含有マンガン酸化物の評価結果を表1に示し、XRDパターンを図1に示す。
原料溶液として1.75mol/Lの硫酸マンガン及び0.25mol/Lの硫酸マグネシウムを含む水溶液を使用したこと以外は実施例1と同様な方法により、本実施例の酸化物を得た。原料溶液中のMg/Mnモル比は0.14であった。
本実施例の酸化物の組成は、Mg/Mnモル比=0.13であった。また、本実施例の酸化物のXRDパターンは、JCPDSパターンのNo.24-734のXRDパターンと同等のXRDパターンのスピネル構造であるが、ピークが高角側にシフトし、ピーク強度比も変化し、JCPDSパターンのNo.23-392のXRDパターンにシフトしていることが分った。
実施例1~4のXRDパターンから、マンガン酸化物中のMg含有量の増加に伴い、XRDピークが高角度側にシフトすることがわかった。これにより、これらのMg置換四三酸化マンガンは、四三酸化マンガンのスピネル結晶構造内にMgが置換されていることがわかった。
原料溶液として1.94mol/Lの硫酸マンガン及び0.06mol/Lの硫酸マグネシウムを含む水溶液を使用したこと、及び、原料溶液の添加速度と同じ速度で反応スラリーを抜液しながら連続的に100時間反応させたこと以外は実施例1と同様な方法で、本実施例の酸化物を得た。原料溶液中のMg/Mnモル比は0.03であった。
本実施例の酸化物の組成は、Mg/Mnモル比=0.02であった。また、本実施例の酸化物のXRDパターンは、JCPDSパターンのNo.24-734のXRDパターンと同等のXRDパターンのスピネル構造であるが、ピークが高角側にシフトし、ピーク強度比も変化し、JCPDSパターンのNo.23-392のXRDパターンにシフトしていることが分った。
これらの結果より、本実施例の酸化物は式Mg0.07Mn2.93O4で表されるMg置換四三酸化マンガンであることが分かった。本実施例のMg含有マンガン酸化物の評価結果を表1に、XRDパターンを図3に示す。
原料溶液として1.68mol/Lの硫酸マンガン及び0.32mol/Lの硫酸マグネシウムを含む水溶液を使用したこと以外は実施例5と同様な方法により、本実施例の酸化物を得た。原料溶液中のMg/Mnモル比は0.16であった。
本実施例の酸化物の組成は、Mg/Mnモル比=0.03であった。また、本実施例の酸化物のXRDパターンは、JCPDSパターンのNo.24-734のXRDパターンと同等のXRDパターンのスピネル構造であるが、ピークが高角側にシフトし、ピーク強度比も変化し、JCPDSパターンのNo.23-392のXRDパターンにシフトしていることが分った。
これらの結果より、追加例2の酸化物は式Mg0.08Mn2.92O4で表されるMg置換四三酸化マンガンであることが分かった。本実施例のMg含有マンガン酸化物の評価結果を表1に、XRDパターンを図3に示す。
原料溶液として1.86mol/Lの硫酸マンガン及び0.14mol/Lの硫酸マグネシウムを含む水溶液を使用したこと以外は実施例5と同様な方法により、本実施例の酸化物を得た。原料溶液中のMg/Mnモル比は0.07であった。
本実施例の酸化物の組成は、Mg/Mnモル比=0.03であった。また、本実施例の酸化物のXRDパターンは、JCPDSパターンのNo.24-734のXRDパターンと同等のXRDパターンのスピネル構造であるが、ピークが高角側にシフトし、ピーク強度比も変化し、JCPDSパターンのNo.23-392のXRDパターンにシフトしていることが分った。
これらの結果より、本実施例の酸化物は式Mg0.1Mn2.9O4で表されるMg置換四三酸化マンガンであることが分かった。本実施例のMg含有マンガン酸化物の評価結果を表1に、XRDパターンを図3に示す。
原料溶液として1.68mol/Lの硫酸マンガン及び0.32mol/Lの硫酸マグネシウムを含む水溶液を使用したこと以外は実施例5と同様な方法により、本実施例の酸化物を得た。原料溶液中のMg/Mnモル比は0.16であった。
本実施例の酸化物の組成は、Mg/Mnモル比=0.07であった。また、本実施例の酸化物のXRDパターンは、JCPDSパターンのNo.24-734のXRDパターンと同等のXRDパターンのスピネル構造であるが、ピークが高角側にシフトし、ピーク強度比も変化し、JCPDSパターンのNo.23-392のXRDパターンにシフトしていることが分った。
これらの結果より、本実施例の酸化物は式Mg0.2Mn2.8O4で表されるMg置換四三酸化マンガンであることが分かった。本実施例のMg含有マンガン酸化物の評価結果を表1に、XRDパターンを図3に、粒子径分布を図4に示す。
これらの実施例の結果より、本発明の製造方法により100時間以上の長時間にわたり、連続的に金属置換四三酸化マンガンが製造できることが確認できた。
実施例2と同様な方法で原料溶液を得た。原料溶液中のMg/Mnモル比は0.05であった。
得られた原料溶液を80℃の純水に添加し、これにより水酸化物を生成させ、反応スラリーを得た。なお、原料溶液の添加は、窒素ガスを純水(反応スラリー)に吹き込み、また、純水(反応スラリー)のpHが10で一定となるように2mol/Lの水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を純水(反応スラリー)に添加しながら行った。
水酸化物が生成した後、窒素ガスの吹き込みを中止し、空気を反応スラリー中へ吹き込み酸化物を含有する反応スラリーを得た。
本比較例の酸化物の組成は、Mg/Mnモル比=0.001であり、Mgを含有するMg含有マンガン酸化物であった。
[実施例9]
実施例1のMg置換四三酸化マンガンと炭酸リチウムとを乳鉢で混合し、空気流中850℃で12時間焼成した。これにより、Li,Mg及びMnを有する、Mg置換リチウムマンガン複合酸化物を得た。
得られたMg置換リチウムマンガン系複合酸化物は、その結晶相はスピネル構造の単相であり、その組成はLi1.10Mg0.09Mn1.81O4であった。
本実施例のMg置換リチウムマンガン系複合酸化物の評価結果を表2に示し、また、XRD図を図6に示す。
実施例2のMg置換四三酸化マンガンを使用したこと以外は実施例9と同様な方法で、Li,Mg及びMnを有する、Mg置換リチウムマンガン複合酸化物を得た。
得られたMg置換リチウムマンガン系複合酸化物は、その結晶相はスピネル構造の単相であり、その組成はLi1.10Mg0.09Mn1.81O4であった。
本実施例のMg置換リチウムマンガン系複合酸化物の評価結果を表2に、XRD図を図6に示す。
これらの結果より、本発明の金属含有四三酸化マンガン複合化粒子から、副生相が生じず、結晶性の高い金属置換リチウムマンガン系複合酸化物が得られることが分かった。
[粒子含有四三酸化マンガン複合化粒子の製造]
硫酸マンガン(和光純薬社製,試薬特級)を純水に溶解し、2mol/Lの硫酸マンガン溶液を調製した。得られた硫酸マンガン溶液に、平均粒子径が3μmの水酸化アルミニウム粒子を混合して原料溶液を得た。原料溶液中のAl/Mnモル比は0.05であった。
得られた原料溶液を80℃の純水に添加し、20時間反応させることにより、水酸化アルミニウム粒子上にマンガン酸化物を晶析させた粒子を含む反応スラリーを得た。なお、原料溶液の添加は、純水(反応スラリー)中の酸化還元電位が100±20mVになる様に酸素ガスを純水(反応スラリー)に吹き込み、また、純水(反応スラリー)のpHが8.0で一定となるように2mol/Lの水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を純水(反応スラリー)に添加しながら行った。
本実施例の複合化粒子はAl/Mnモル比=0.03であった。当該粒子の結晶相は、スピネル構造に相当するJCPDSパターンのNo.24-734のXRDパターンと同等のパターンと、水酸化アルミニウムのXRDパターンが確認された。
本実施例の四三酸化マンガン複合化粒子の評価結果を表3に、XRD測定の結果を図7に、SEM観察の結果を図8に、粒子径分布を図9に示した。
SEM観察の結果において、本実施例の四三酸化マンガン複合化粒子は、四三酸化マンガンの一次粒子が水酸化アルミニウム粒子を包含するように強固にこれと凝集して二次粒子を構成していた。
硫酸マンガン溶液に、Al/Mnモル比=0.1となるように水酸化アルミニウム粒子を混合したこと以外は実施例11と同様な方法で本実施例の複合化粒子を得た。
本実施例の複合化粒子は、Al/Mnモル比=0.11であった。当該複合化粒子の結晶相は、スピネル構造に相当するJCPDSパターンのNo.24-734のXRDパターンと同等のパターンと、水酸化アルミニウムのXRDパターンが確認された。
これらの結果より、本実施例の複合化粒子は水酸化アルミニウム及び四三酸化マンガンからなる四三酸化マンガン複合化粒子であった。また、当該複合化粒子はSO4が0.8重量%と低かった。本実施例の四三酸化マンガン複合化粒子の評価結果を表3に、XRD測定結果を図7に示した。
原料溶液の添加速度と同じ速度で反応スラリーを抜液しながら連続的に100時間反応させたこと以外は実施例11と同様な方法で複合化粒子を得た。
本実施例の複合化粒子は、Al/Mnモル比=0.05であった。当該粒子の結晶相は、スピネル構造に相当するJCPDSパターンのNo.24-734のXRDパターンと同等のパターンと、水酸化アルミニウムのパターンが確認された。
これらの結果より、本実施例の複合化粒子は水酸化アルミニウム及び四三酸化マンガンからなる四三酸化マンガン複合化粒子であった。また、当該複合化粒子はSO4が0.5重量%と低かった。本実施例の四三酸化マンガンの評価結果を表3に、XRD測定結果を図7に示した。
硫酸マンガン溶液に、Al/Mnモル比=0.1となるように水酸化アルミニウム粒子を混合したこと以外は実施例13と同様な方法で本実施例の酸化物を得た。
本実施例の複合化粒子は、Al/Mnモル比=0.08であった。当該粒子の結晶相は、スピネル構造に相当するJCPDSパターンのNo.24-734のXRDパターンと同等のパターンと、水酸化アルミニウムのXRDパターンが確認された。
これらの結果より、本実施例の複合化粒子は水酸化アルミニウム及び四三酸化マンガンからなる四三酸化マンガン複合化粒子であった。また、当該複合化粒子はSO4が0.4重量%と低かった。本実施例の四三酸化マンガンの評価結果を表3に、XRD測定結果を図7に示した。
純水に硫酸マンガン(和光純薬社,試薬特級)及び硫酸アルミニウム(和光純薬社,試薬特級)を溶解し、2mol/Lの硫酸マンガン及び、硫酸アルミニウム0.4mol/Lを含有する原料溶液を得た。原料溶液中のAl/Mnモル比は0.2であった。
当該原料溶液を用いたこと以外は実施例11と同様な方法で酸化物を得た。
本実施例の酸化物は、Al/Mnモル比=0.3であった。また、当該酸化物は、スピネル構造と他の構造とを含有する結晶相であり、なおかつ、いずれもブロードなXRDパターンを示す非晶質に近い結晶であることがわかった。
これにより、本実施例の酸化物はAl含有四三酸化マンガンであることが分かった。また、当該Al含有四三酸化マンガンはSO4が1.4重量%であった。本実施例のAl含有四三酸化マンガンの評価結果を表3に、XRD測定結果を図7に示した。
2mol/Lの硫酸マンガン及び、硫酸アルミニウム0.2mol/Lを含有する原料溶液を用いたこと以外は、実施例15と同様な方法で本実施例の酸化物を得た。原料溶液中のAl/Mnモル比の0.1であった。
本実施例の酸化物は、Al/Mnモル比=0.14であった。また、当該酸化物は、スピネル構造と他の構造とを含有する結晶相であり、なおかつ、いずれもブロードなXRDパターンを示す非晶質に近い結晶であることがわかった。
さらに、SEM観察像より、本実施例のAl含有マンガン酸化物は、六角板状の結晶が積層した構造の粒子、いわゆるカードハウス型構造の粒子であることがわかった。本比較例のAl含有四三酸化マンガンの評価結果を表3に、XRD測定結果を図7に示した。
2mol/Lの硫酸マンガン及び、硫酸アルミニウム0.4mol/Lを含有する原料溶液を用いたこと以外は、実施例15と同様な方法で本実施例の酸化物を得た。原料溶液のAl/Mnモル比は0.1であった。
本実施例の酸化物は、Al/Mnモル比=0.29、SO4が11.4重量%のAl含有マンガン酸化物であった。
XRD測定の結果、本実施例のAl含有マンガン酸化物の結晶相は、ブロードなXRDパターンを示し、スピネル構造と他の構造とを含有する非晶質に近いものであることがわかった。
さらに、SEM観察像より、本実施例のAl含有マンガン酸化物は、カードハウス型構造の粒子であることがわかった。本実施例のAl含有マンガン酸化物の評価結果を表3に、XRD測定結果を図7に、SEM観察の結果を図10に示した。
[リチウムマンガン系酸化物の合成]
実施例11で得られた四三酸化マンガン複合化粒子と炭酸リチウムとを乳鉢で混合し、空気流中850℃で12時間焼成し、Li,Al及びMnを有する複合酸化物を得た。
得られた金属置換リチウムマンガン系複合酸化物はスピネル構造の単相であり、その組成はLi1.04Al0.07Mn1.89O4であった。
表4に得られた金属置換リチウムマンガン系複合酸化物の組成分析結果を、図12にXRD図を示す。
実施例12で得られた四三酸化マンガン複合化粒子を使用したこと以外は実施例18と同様な方法により、金属置換リチウムマンガン系複合酸化物を得た。
得られた金属置換リチウムマンガン系複合酸化物はスピネル構造の単相であり、その組成はLi1.02Al0.19Mn1.79O4であった。
表4に得られた金属置換リチウムマンガン系複合酸化物の組成分析結果を、図12にXRD図を示す。
[四三酸化マンガン被覆複合化粒子の製造]
硫酸ニッケル(和光純薬社製,試薬特級)及び硫酸コバルト(和光純薬社製,試薬特級)を純水に溶解し、2mol/Lの硫酸ニッケル及び2mol/Lの硫酸コバルトを含む原料溶液を調製した。原料溶液中のNi/Coモル比は1であった。
得られた原料溶液67.3gを80℃の純水に添加して共沈化合物を析出させ、反応スラリーを得た。なお、原料溶液の添加は、純水(反応スラリー)のpHが8.0となるように2mol/Lの水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を純水(反応スラリー)に添加しながら行った。原料溶液の添加後、反応スラリーの攪拌を1時間行った。これにより、原料溶液中のニッケル及びコバルトの99.9%が共沈化合物として析出した。
当該反応スラリーの一部を採取し、ろ過、洗浄、乾燥することで、共沈化合物の乾燥粉末を得た。得られた乾燥粉末は、組成がNi/Coモル比=1:1、結晶相が層状構造(空間群P-31m)であり、Ni0.5Co0.5(OH)2で表されるニッケルコバルト複合水酸化物であることがわかった。また、SEM観察の結果、当該複合酸化物は板状粒子が凝集して粒子を形成していることが分かった。
硫酸マンガン溶液の添加後、反応スラリーを1時間攪拌した後、当該反応スラリーをろ過、洗浄し、得られた複合共沈物を110℃で乾燥することで本実施例の複合金属化合物複合化粒子を得た。
さらに、当該複合金属化合物複合化粒子の結晶相は、四三酸化マンガン(Hausmannite、空間群I41/amd)とニッケルコバルト複合水酸化物(層状構造、空間群P -3m1)との混合相であることがわかった。
本実施例の四三酸化マンガン被覆ニッケルコバルト複合水酸化物の評価結果を表5に示し、粒子径分布を図13に、XRD図を図14に、SEM観察結果を図15に示す。
また、本実施例で得られたニッケルコバルト複合水酸化物のSEM観察結果を図16に示す。
得られた四三酸化マンガン被覆ニッケルコバルト複合水酸化物と、平均粒子径0.3μmの炭酸リチウムとをLi/(Ni+Co+Mn)モル比=1.05となるように混合した後、大気中900℃で24時間焼成してリチウム複合酸化物を得た。
得られたリチウム複合酸化物は、組成がLi1.03Ni0.33Co0.33Mn0.34O2.0、結晶相が層状岩塩型構造(空間群R-3m)の単一相、タップ密度が2.0g/cm3であった。
得られたリチウム複合酸化物の電池特性評価の結果、初回放電容量は158.5mAh/g、10回目の放電容量は156.9mAh/gであった。初回および10回目の容量比率は99.0%であった。本実施例のリチウム複合酸化物の評価結果を表6に、XRD図を図17示した。
Mn3O4粉末(ブラウノックス:東ソー社商品名)、実施例20で得られたニッケルコバルト複合水酸化物、及び、炭酸リチウムを、Li/(Ni+Co)/Mnモル比=1.05/(0.33+0.33)/0.34となるように混合し、大気中900℃で24時間焼成してリチウム複合酸化物を得た。
得られたリチウム複合酸化物の電池特性評価の結果、初回放電容量は126.0mAh/g、10回目の放電容量は70.7mAh/gであった。初回および10回目の容量比率は56.1%であった。
本比較例のリチウム複合酸化物の評価結果を表6に示した。
塩化ニッケル(和光純薬社製、試薬特級)、塩化コバルト(和光純薬社製、試薬特級)、及び塩化マンガン(和光純薬社製、試薬特級)を純水に溶解し、0.5mol/Lの塩化ニッケル、0.5mol/Lの塩化コバルト、及び0.5mol/Lの塩化マンガンを含有する原料溶液を得た。
得られた原料溶液を60℃の純水に添加し、これにより共沈水酸化物を析出させた反応スラリーを得た。なお、原料溶液の添加は、純水(反応スラリー)のpHが9.0で一定となるように3mol/Lの水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を純水(反応スラリー)に添加しながら行った。
得られた共沈化合物は、組成がNi:Co:Mnモル比=1:1:1であり、結晶相が層状構造であった。これらの結果より、当該共沈化合物は、Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3(OH)2で表される、ニッケル-コバルト-マンガン複合水酸化物であることがわかった。粒度分布曲線はシャープな単一ピークを示し、平均粒子径は8.5μmであった。本比較例のニッケル-コバルト-マンガン複合水酸化物の評価結果を表6に示した。
得られたニッケル-コバルト-マンガン複合水酸化物と炭酸リチウムとを、Li/(Ni+Co+Mn)モル比=1.05/1となるように混合し、大気中900℃で12時間焼成してリチウム複合酸化物を得た。
得られたリチウム複合酸化物は、組成がLi1.04[Ni0.33Mn0.34Co0.33]O2であった。また、当該リチウム複合酸化物は、結晶相が層状岩塩構造(空間群R-3m)であることがわかった。また、粒子径分布は広範であり、タップ密度は2.84g/cm3であった。
本比較例のリチウム複合酸化物の評価結果を表6に示した。
実施例及び比較例の結果より、本発明の四三酸化マンガン被覆複合化粒子を使用して得られたリチウム系複合酸化物は、乾式混合や、共沈法により得られたリチウム系複合酸化物と比較しても充放電サイクル寿命が高かった。さらに、本発明の実施例のリチウム複合酸化物は、初回放電容量が比較例3のリチウム複合酸化物よりも大かった。これにより、本発明の四三酸化マンガン被覆複合化粒子を使用して得られたリチウム複合酸化物は、充放電サイクル寿命のみならず、放電容量も大きくなることが分かった。
[金属被覆四三酸化マンガン複合化粒子の製造]
硫酸マンガン(和光純薬社製,試薬特級)を純水に溶解し、2mol/Lの硫酸マンガンを含有する原料溶液を得た。
得られた原料溶液を80℃の純水に添加し、これによりマンガン酸化物を晶析させた反応スラリーを得た。なお、原料溶液の添加は、反応スラリーの酸化還元電位が100mVとなるように空気を吹き込み、また、反応スラリーのpHが8.0で一定となるように2mol/Lの水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を添加しながら行った。原料溶液の添加後、反応スラリーの攪拌を1時間行った。
次いで、硫酸ニッケル(和光純薬社製,試薬特級)及び硫酸コバルト(和光純薬社製,試薬特級)を純水に溶解し、2mol/Lの硫酸ニッケル及び2mol/Lの硫酸コバルトを含む複合原料溶液を調製した。なお、複合原料溶液中のNi/Coモル比は1であった。
複合原料溶液の添加後、反応スラリーを1時間攪拌した後、当該反応スラリーをろ過、洗浄し、得られた複合化粒子を110℃で乾燥することで本実施例の金属被覆四三酸化マンガン複合化粒子とした。
さらに、当該金属被覆四三酸化マンガン複合化粒子は、結晶相が四三酸化マンガン(Hausmannite、空間群I41/amd)とニッケルコバルト複合水酸化物(層状構造、空間群P-3m1)を含んでいた。
本実施例のニッケル-コバルト水酸化物被覆四三酸化マンガン複合化粒子の評価結果を表7に、XRD図を図18に、粒子径分布を図19示す。また、実施例21で得られた四三酸化マンガンのXRD図を図20に示す。
得られたニッケル-コバルト水酸化物被覆四三酸化マンガン複合化粒子と、平均粒子径0.3μmの炭酸リチウムとをLi/(Ni+Co+Mn)モル比=1.05となるように混合した後、大気中900℃で24時間焼成してリチウム複合酸化物を得た。
得られたリチウム複合酸化物は、組成がLi1.04Ni0.33Co0.33Mn0.34O2.0、結晶相が層状岩塩型構造(空間群R-3m)の単一相であった。
本実施例のリチウム複合酸化物並びに比較例2及び3の評価結果を表8に、本実施例のリチウム複合酸化物のXRD図を図21に示した
Claims (16)
- 金属元素(リチウム及びマンガンを除く)を含有することを特徴とする金属含有四三酸化マンガン複合化粒子。
- 金属元素が、Mg、Al、Si、Ca、Ti、V、Cr、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Ga、Ge、Y、Zr、Nb、Mo、Ag、In及びSnの群から選ばれる少なくとも1種であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の金属含有四三酸化マンガン複合化粒子。
- 金属元素が、Al又はMgのいずれか1種以上であることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の金属含有四三酸化マンガン複合化粒子。
- 平均粒子径が、1μm以上、30μm以下であることを記載とする請求項1乃至3のいずれか一項に記載の金属含有四三酸化マンガン複合化粒子。
- 粒子径の標準偏差変動係数が50%以下であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至4のいずれか一項に記載の金属含有四三酸化マンガン複合化粒子。
- 四三酸化マンガンの結晶構造中のマンガンが金属元素により置換された粒子である請求項1乃至5のいずれか一項に記載の金属含有四三酸化マンガン複合化粒子。
- 下式(1)で表される請求項6に記載の金属含有四三酸化マンガン複合化粒子。
AxMn3-xO4 ・・・(1)
(式中、Aはリチウム及びマンガンを除く金属元素であり、xは1以下である。) - 金属元素を含む化合物と四三酸化マンガンとが粒子状で複合化された粒子であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至5のいずれか一項に記載の金属含有四三酸化マンガン複合化粒子。
- 前記金属元素を含む化合物が、水酸化アルミニウム及びニッケル-コバルト複合水酸化物の少なくともいずれかであることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の金属含有四三酸化マンガン複合化粒子。
- 請求項1乃至9のいずれか一項に記載の金属含有四三酸化マンガン複合化粒子の製造方法であって、マンガンイオンと、マンガン及びリチウム以外の金属元素とを含有するマンガン塩水溶液から、マンガン水酸化物を経由することなく、又は、マンガン水酸化物の結晶成長を抑止した条件下で四三酸化マンガンを晶析させる晶析工程を有することを特徴とする製造方法。
- 金属元素が、Mg、Al、Si、Ca、Ti、V、Cr、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Ga、Ge、Y、Zr、Nb、Mo、Ag、In及びSnの群から選ばれる少なくとも1種のイオン又は化合物であることを特徴とする請求項10に記載の製造方法。
- 前記晶析工程において、pHが6以上9以下、及び酸化還元電位が0mV以上300mV以下の少なくとも一方を満たす条件で金属置換四三酸化マンガンを晶析させることを特徴とする、請求項10又は11に記載の製造方法。
- 前記晶析工程において、前記マンガン塩水溶液に酸素含有ガスを吹き込むことを特徴とする請求項10乃至12のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。
- 請求項1乃至9のいずれか一項に記載の金属含有四三酸化マンガン複合化粒子とリチウム化合物とを混合する混合工程、熱処理する加熱工程と、を有することを特徴とする金属置換リチウムマンガン系複合酸化物の製造方法。
- 請求項1乃至9のいずれか一項に記載の金属含有四三酸化マンガン複合化粒子を使用して得られることを特徴とするリチウムマンガン系複合酸化物。
- 請求項15に記載のリチウムマンガン系複合酸化物を含むことを特徴とする正極活物質。
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CN104220378B (zh) | 2017-07-18 |
KR20140141606A (ko) | 2014-12-10 |
EP2835353B1 (en) | 2022-05-04 |
KR102030866B1 (ko) | 2019-10-10 |
EP2835353A4 (en) | 2015-12-30 |
US20150104644A1 (en) | 2015-04-16 |
TWI609841B (zh) | 2018-01-01 |
TW201402468A (zh) | 2014-01-16 |
ES2915724T3 (es) | 2022-06-24 |
EP2835353A1 (en) | 2015-02-11 |
US10109857B2 (en) | 2018-10-23 |
CN104220378A (zh) | 2014-12-17 |
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