WO2016103975A1 - ニッケルコバルトマンガン複合水酸化物とその製造方法 - Google Patents
ニッケルコバルトマンガン複合水酸化物とその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016103975A1 WO2016103975A1 PCT/JP2015/082149 JP2015082149W WO2016103975A1 WO 2016103975 A1 WO2016103975 A1 WO 2016103975A1 JP 2015082149 W JP2015082149 W JP 2015082149W WO 2016103975 A1 WO2016103975 A1 WO 2016103975A1
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- C01P2004/20—Particle morphology extending in two dimensions, e.g. plate-like
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- C01P2006/80—Compositional purity
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a nickel cobalt manganese composite hydroxide and a method for producing a nickel cobalt manganese composite hydroxide.
- a lithium ion secondary battery includes a negative electrode, a positive electrode, an electrolyte, and the like, and a material capable of detaching and inserting lithium is used as an active material for the negative electrode and the positive electrode.
- lithium ion secondary batteries using a layered or spinel type lithium metal composite oxide as a positive electrode material have a high voltage of 4V. Therefore, practical use is progressing as a battery having a high energy density.
- LiCoO 2 lithium cobalt composite oxide
- the lithium cobalt composite oxide uses a rare and expensive cobalt compound as a raw material, it causes an increase in the cost of the active material and the battery, and an alternative to the active material is desired.
- New materials for the positive electrode active material for lithium ion secondary batteries include lithium manganese composite oxide (LiMn 2 O 4 ) using manganese, which is cheaper than cobalt, and lithium nickel composite oxide (LiNiO 2 ) using nickel. ).
- Lithium-manganese composite oxide is an inexpensive alternative and excellent thermal stability, so it can be said that it is a powerful alternative to lithium-cobalt composite oxide, but its theoretical capacity is only about half that of lithium-cobalt composite oxide. Therefore, it has a drawback that it is difficult to meet the demand for higher capacity of lithium ion secondary batteries, which is increasing year by year.
- the lithium-nickel composite oxide has inferior cycle characteristics as compared with the lithium-cobalt composite oxide, and has a drawback that the battery performance is relatively easily lost when used or stored in a high temperature environment.
- lithium nickel cobalt manganese composite oxide having the same thermal stability and durability as lithium cobalt composite oxide has become a promising candidate as an alternative to lithium cobalt composite oxide.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a general formula: Ni 1-xyz Co x Mn y M z (OH) 2 (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1/3, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1/3, 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.1, M is one or more elements selected from Mg, Al, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, W), and is measured by a nitrogen adsorption BET method Has been proposed, and a nickel-cobalt composite hydroxide having a carbon content measured by a high-frequency-infrared combustion method of 0.1% by mass or less is 1.0-10.0 m 2 / g.
- Patent Document 1 if the carbon content exceeds 0.1% by mass, the amount of impurities formed on the surface of the positive electrode active material increases, and sufficient output in the battery cannot be obtained. It is said that by using a lithium nickel composite oxide obtained using a hydroxide as a precursor as a positive electrode active material, a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery having excellent thermal stability and battery characteristics can be obtained.
- Patent Document 1 Although attention is paid to the carbon content, other impurities are not studied, and a composite hydroxide capable of further increasing the capacity of the positive electrode active material is demanded.
- Patent Document 2 a nickel-cobalt-M element-containing aqueous solution or aqueous dispersion obtained by mixing a nickel ammine complex, a cobalt ammine complex, and an M element source is heated, and the nickel ammine complex and the cobalt ammine complex are heated.
- a method for producing a nickel-cobalt-M element-containing composite compound which is decomposed to produce a nickel-cobalt-M element-containing composite compound.
- Patent Document 2 in the coprecipitation method of neutralizing with alkali, sulfate ions (SO 4 2 ⁇ ) and chloride ions (Cl ⁇ ), which are anions of salts used as raw materials, and sodium contained in the alkali used for neutralization Ions (Na + ) are difficult to wash, and these ions remain as impurities in the positive electrode material.
- the nickel-cobalt-M element-containing composite compound proposed in Patent Document 2 has a very low content of impurities such as sulfate radicals, chlorine, sodium, and iron, so that a positive electrode active material obtained using this composite compound can be obtained. The substance is said to exhibit excellent battery performance.
- Patent Document 2 since the nickel-cobalt-M element-containing composite compound is obtained by thermal decomposition, it is difficult to narrow the spherical shape and particle size distribution of the particles, and the obtained positive electrode active material has sufficient battery characteristics. Is hard to say.
- the lithium nickel cobalt manganese composite oxide is usually manufactured from a step in which nickel cobalt manganese composite hydroxide is mixed with a lithium compound and fired.
- Nickel cobalt manganese composite hydroxide contains impurities such as sulfate radicals derived from raw materials in the production process. These impurities often inhibit the reaction with lithium in the step of mixing and baking the lithium compound, and lower the crystallinity of the lithium nickel cobalt manganese composite oxide having a layered structure.
- Lithium nickel cobalt manganese composite oxide with low crystallinity has a problem in that when a battery is formed as a positive electrode active material, Li diffusion in the solid phase is inhibited and the capacity is reduced.
- the impurities contained in the nickel cobalt manganese composite hydroxide remain in the lithium nickel cobalt manganese composite oxide even after mixing with the lithium compound and firing. Since these impurities do not contribute to the charge / discharge reaction, when the battery is constructed, the negative electrode material must be used in the battery by an amount corresponding to the irreversible capacity of the positive electrode active material. The capacity per weight and the volume per volume is reduced. For this reason, a lithium nickel cobalt manganese composite oxide with a lower impurity content is required, but for that purpose, a nickel cobalt manganese composite hydroxide with a low impurity content is required. In addition, in order to obtain a lithium nickel cobalt manganese composite oxide having high crystallinity, high reactivity is required when mixed with a lithium compound and fired.
- An object of the present invention is to increase the reactivity with lithium by reducing the amount of impurities that do not contribute to the charge / discharge reaction, resulting in a high capacity non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a nickel-cobalt-manganese composite hydroxide that is a precursor of a positive electrode active material that can be produced and a method for producing the same.
- the present inventors have found that in the process of producing nickel cobalt manganese composite hydroxide by crystallization reaction, the alkaline solution is an impurity by making the mixed solution of alkali metal hydroxide and carbonate.
- the present invention has been completed with the knowledge that sulfate radicals can be reduced.
- M is Mg, Ca, Al, Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo Is a spherical secondary particle formed by aggregating a plurality of plate-like primary particles, and the secondary particles have an average particle size of 3 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m, the sulfate group content is 1.0 mass% or less, the chlorine content is 0.5 mass% or less, and the carbonate group content is 1.0 mass% to 2.5 mass%. It is characterized by being.
- [(d90 ⁇ d10) / average particle diameter] which is an index indicating the spread of the particle size distribution of the nickel cobalt manganese composite hydroxide, is preferably 0.55 or less.
- the specific surface area of the nickel cobalt manganese composite hydroxide is preferably 5 to 60 m 2 / g.
- the crystallization step includes a nucleation step and a particle growth step.
- an alkaline solution is added so that the pH value measured on the basis of a liquid temperature of 25 ° C. is 12.0 to 14.0.
- Nucleation is performed in the reaction solution by adding to the aqueous solution.
- the particle growth step the reaction solution containing the nuclei formed in the nucleation step is measured at a pH value of 10.5 to It is preferable to add an alkaline solution so as to be 12.0.
- the alkali metal hydroxide is preferably at least one selected from lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, and potassium hydroxide.
- the carbonate is preferably at least one selected from sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, and ammonium carbonate.
- the ammonia concentration of each aqueous solution is preferably maintained within the range of 3 g / L to 25 g / L.
- reaction temperature within the range of 20 ° C to 80 ° C.
- nickel cobalt manganese that can be used as a precursor of a positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery with a small irreversible capacity, has a low impurity content, and has high reactivity when synthesizing a positive electrode active material.
- a composite hydroxide can be obtained.
- the manufacturing method of nickel cobalt manganese composite hydroxide is easy and highly productive, and its industrial value is extremely large.
- M is Mg, Ca, Al, Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo
- W Is a spherical secondary particle formed by aggregating a plurality of plate-like primary particles, and the secondary particles have an average particle size of 3 to 20 ⁇ m
- the sulfate radical content is 1.0 mass% or less
- the chlorine content is 0.5 mass% or less
- the carbonate radical content is 1.0 mass% to 2.5 mass%. It is characterized by that.
- the characteristics of each element will be described in detail.
- x indicating the nickel content is preferably 0.20 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.80. Further, x indicating the nickel content is more preferably x ⁇ 0.6 in consideration of electrical characteristics and thermal stability.
- y indicating the cobalt content in the above general formula is preferably 0.10 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.50.
- the expansion / contraction behavior of the crystal lattice due to cycle characteristics and Li insertion / desorption due to charge / discharge can be reduced.
- y is less than 0.10, the expansion / contraction behavior of the crystal lattice is reduced. Is not preferable because sufficient cannot be obtained.
- the cobalt content is too high and y exceeds 0.50, the initial discharge capacity is greatly reduced, and there is a problem in that it is disadvantageous in terms of cost.
- z indicating the manganese content is preferably 0.10 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.90.
- the durability characteristics and safety of the battery can be improved when used as a positive electrode active material of the battery. If z is less than 0.10, the effect of improving the durability and safety of the battery cannot be sufficiently obtained. On the other hand, if z exceeds 0.90, the metal element contributing to the Redox reaction decreases, and the battery This is not preferable because the capacity decreases.
- the additive element M is one or more elements selected from Mg, Al, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, and W, in order to improve battery characteristics such as cycle characteristics and output characteristics. It is to be added. T indicating the content of the additive element M is preferably 0 ⁇ t ⁇ 0.10. When t exceeds 0.1, the metal element contributing to the Redox reaction is reduced and the battery capacity is lowered, which is not preferable.
- composition analysis method is not particularly limited, but can be determined from chemical analysis by ICP emission spectroscopy.
- the nickel cobalt manganese composite hydroxide is composed of spherical secondary particles formed by aggregation of a plurality of primary particles.
- shape of the primary particles constituting the secondary particles various forms such as a plate shape, a needle shape, a rectangular parallelepiped shape, an elliptical shape, and a rhombohedral shape can be adopted.
- the aggregation state of a plurality of primary particles can be applied to the present invention not only in the case of aggregation in a random direction, but also in the case where the major axis direction of particles aggregates radially from the center.
- plate-like and / or needle-like primary particles are aggregated in random directions to form secondary particles.
- voids are formed almost uniformly between the primary particles, and when mixed with the lithium compound and fired, the molten lithium compound reaches the secondary particles, and the lithium is sufficiently diffused. Because it is.
- shape observation method of a primary particle and a secondary particle is not specifically limited, It can measure by observing the cross section of a nickel cobalt manganese composite hydroxide using a scanning electron microscope.
- the nickel cobalt manganese composite hydroxide has an average particle size adjusted to 3 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m.
- An average particle size of less than 3 ⁇ m is not preferable because when the positive electrode is formed, the packing density of the particles decreases and the battery capacity per positive electrode volume decreases.
- the average particle size exceeds 20 ⁇ m, the specific surface area of the positive electrode active material is decreased and the interface with the battery electrolyte is decreased, whereby the resistance of the positive electrode is increased and the output characteristics of the battery are decreased. .
- the average particle size of the nickel cobalt manganese composite hydroxide is adjusted to 3 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m, preferably 3 ⁇ m to 15 ⁇ m, more preferably 4 ⁇ m to 12 ⁇ m, this positive electrode active material is used for the positive electrode.
- the battery capacity per volume can be increased, the safety is high, and the cycle characteristics are good.
- the measuring method of the average particle diameter is not particularly limited, but can be determined from, for example, a volume integrated value measured by a laser light diffraction / scattering particle size analyzer.
- the nickel cobalt manganese composite hydroxide contains a sulfate group and chlorine.
- the sulfate radical content is 1.0 mass% or less, preferably 0.6 mass% or less, and the chlorine content is 0.5 mass% or less, preferably 0.3 mass% or less.
- the sulfate radical and chlorine contained in the nickel cobalt manganese composite hydroxide particles are derived from the raw materials used in the following crystallization process.
- the reaction with lithium is inhibited in the step of mixing and firing with a lithium compound, and lithium-nickel-cobalt-manganese composite oxidation having a layered structure Reduce the crystallinity of the product.
- the lithium nickel cobalt manganese composite oxide having low crystallinity has a problem in that, when a battery is formed as a positive electrode material, the Li diffusion in the solid phase is inhibited and the capacity is reduced. Furthermore, the impurities contained in the nickel cobalt manganese composite hydroxide remain in the lithium nickel cobalt manganese composite oxide after mixing with the lithium compound and firing.
- the negative electrode material Since these impurities do not contribute to the charge / discharge reaction, when the battery is constructed, the negative electrode material must be used in the battery by an amount corresponding to the irreversible capacity of the positive electrode material. The capacity per weight and volume is reduced, and excess lithium accumulated in the negative electrode as an irreversible capacity becomes a problem from the viewpoint of safety.
- the nickel cobalt manganese composite hydroxide has a carbonate radical content of 1.0 mass% to 2.5 mass%.
- the carbonate radical contained in the nickel cobalt manganese composite hydroxide is derived from the carbonate used in the crystallization step described later.
- Carbonic acid radicals do not remain in the lithium nickel cobalt manganese composite oxide as the positive electrode material because they volatilize in the step of mixing and firing the nickel cobalt manganese composite hydroxide and lithium compound.
- the carbonate group content in the nickel cobalt manganese composite hydroxide is in the range of 1.0 mass% to 2.5 mass%, the nickel cobalt manganese composite hydroxide is mixed with the lithium compound and fired.
- the carbonate radical content can be determined, for example, by measuring the total carbon element content of the nickel cobalt manganese composite hydroxide and converting the measured total carbon element amount into CO 3 .
- the carbonate group content is less than 1.0% by mass, the contact with the molten lithium compound becomes insufficient when mixed with the lithium compound and fired, and the crystallinity of the resulting lithium nickel cobalt manganese composite oxide is low.
- the battery is configured as the positive electrode material, there is a problem in that the capacity is reduced by inhibiting Li diffusion in the solid phase.
- the carbonate group content exceeds 2.5% by mass, in the step of mixing with a lithium compound and firing to obtain a lithium nickel cobalt manganese composite oxide, the generated carbon dioxide gas inhibits the reaction, and lithium nickel cobalt manganese. The crystallinity of the composite oxide decreases.
- the nickel-cobalt-manganese composite hydroxide is preferably adjusted so that [(d90-d10) / average particle diameter], which is an index indicating the spread of the particle size distribution of the particles, is 0.55 or less.
- the particle size distribution is wide and [(d90 ⁇ d10) / average particle size], which is an index indicating the spread of the particle size distribution, exceeds 0.55, the particle size is very small with respect to the average particle size. There are many fine particles and particles having a very large particle size (large particles) with respect to the average particle size.
- a positive electrode is formed using a positive electrode active material in which a large amount of fine particles are present, heat may be generated due to a local reaction of the fine particles, safety is reduced, and fine particles having a large specific surface area are selectively used. Since it deteriorates, the cycle characteristics deteriorate, which is not preferable.
- the particle size distribution of the positive electrode active material is adjusted so that the index [(d90 ⁇ d10) / average particle size] is 0.55 or less, the proportion of fine particles and large particles is small.
- a battery using a positive electrode active material for the positive electrode is excellent in safety, and good cycle characteristics and battery output can be obtained.
- d10 is the cumulative volume of all particles when the number of particles in each particle size is accumulated from the smallest particle size. It means the particle size which becomes 10% of the total volume. Further, d90 means a particle size in which the cumulative volume becomes 90% of the total volume of all particles when the number of particles in each particle size is accumulated from the smallest particle size.
- the method for obtaining the average particle diameter and d90 and d10 is not particularly limited, but for example, it can be obtained from the volume integrated value measured with a laser light diffraction / scattering particle size analyzer.
- the nickel cobalt manganese composite hydroxide is preferably adjusted to have a specific surface area of 5 m 2 / g to 60 m 2 / g, and is adjusted to be 5 m 2 / g to 50 m 2 / g. It is more preferable. This is because, when the specific surface area is in the above range, a sufficient particle surface area capable of contacting the molten lithium compound can be obtained when the mixture is calcined with the lithium compound.
- the specific surface area is less than 5 m 2 / g, the contact with the molten lithium compound becomes insufficient when mixed and fired with the lithium compound, the crystallinity of the resulting lithium nickel cobalt manganese composite oxide is reduced,
- the specific surface area exceeds 60 m 2 / g, when mixed with a lithium compound and baked, crystal growth proceeds too much, and cation mixing in which nickel is mixed into the lithium layer of the lithium transition metal composite oxide, which is a layered compound, occurs. This is not preferable because the charge / discharge capacity decreases.
- the nickel cobalt manganese composite hydroxide can produce a lithium nickel cobalt manganese composite oxide by mixing with a lithium compound and firing.
- the lithium nickel cobalt manganese composite oxide can be used as a raw material for a positive electrode active material of a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
- the lithium nickel cobalt manganese composite oxide used for the positive electrode active material volatilizes the carbonate radical in the firing after mixing with the lithium compound, but other components and particle size distribution are the properties of the precursor nickel cobalt manganese composite hydroxide Take over.
- the nickel cobalt manganese composite hydroxide has a sulfate radical content of 1.0% by mass or less, preferably 0.6% by mass or less, and a chlorine content of 0.5% by mass or less, preferably 0.3% by mass. % Or less. Further, the nickel cobalt manganese composite hydroxide has an average particle size of 3 ⁇ m to 25 ⁇ m, which makes it possible to increase the battery capacity per volume, high safety, and good cycle characteristics.
- [(d90-d10) / average particle size] which is an index indicating the spread of the particle size distribution of nickel cobalt manganese composite hydroxide is 0.55 or less, and the ratio of particles and large particles is small.
- the battery is excellent in safety, and good cycle characteristics and battery output can be obtained.
- Method for producing nickel cobalt manganese composite hydroxide> in the method for producing a nickel cobalt manganese composite hydroxide of the present invention, for example, the above-described nickel cobalt manganese composite hydroxide is produced by a crystallization reaction.
- a method for producing nickel-cobalt-manganese composite hydroxide is a crystal that crystallizes in a reaction solution obtained by adding an alkaline solution to an aqueous solution containing at least nickel, cobalt and manganese and an aqueous solution containing ammonium ions.
- the alkali solution is a mixed aqueous solution of an alkali metal hydroxide and a carbonate, and the ratio of the carbonate to the alkali metal hydroxide in the mixed aqueous solution [CO 3 2 ⁇ ] / [OH ⁇ ] Is 0.002 or more and 0.050 or less.
- the crystallization step includes a nucleation step and a particle growth step.
- an alkaline solution is added so that the pH value measured on the basis of a liquid temperature of 25 ° C. is 12.0 to 14.0.
- Nucleation is performed in the reaction solution by adding to the aqueous solution.
- the particle growth step the reaction solution containing the nuclei formed in the nucleation step is measured at a pH value of 10.5 to It is preferable to add an alkaline solution so as to be 12.0.
- the particle size distribution of the obtained nickel composite hydroxide becomes wide.
- the nickel cobalt manganese composite hydroxide production method clearly separates mainly the time during which the nucleation reaction occurs (nucleation process) and the time during which the particle growth reaction mainly occurs (particle growth process).
- the alkali solution a mixed solution of alkali metal hydroxide and carbonate, sulfate radicals and the like that are impurities can be reduced.
- the salt such as nickel salt, cobalt salt and manganese salt used in the mixed aqueous solution containing nickel, cobalt and manganese is not particularly limited as long as it is a water-soluble compound, but sulfate, nitrate, chloride, etc. Can be used.
- nickel sulfate, cobalt sulfate, and manganese sulfate are preferably used.
- a mixed aqueous solution can be generated by mixing a compound containing one or more additional elements at a predetermined ratio.
- a water-soluble compound containing one or more additional elements selected from Mg, Ca, Al, Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, and W.
- titanium sulfate Use ammonium peroxotitanate, potassium potassium oxalate, vanadium sulfate, ammonium vanadate, chromium sulfate, potassium chromate, zirconium sulfate, zirconium nitrate, niobium oxalate, ammonium molybdate, sodium tungstate, ammonium tungstate, etc. Can do.
- the nickel cobalt manganese composite hydroxide obtained by crystallization is mixed with an aqueous solution containing an additive element to form a slurry, and the pH is adjusted to adjust the nickel cobalt manganese composite hydroxide with the compound containing the additive element. It may be coated.
- the concentration of the mixed aqueous solution is preferably 1 mol / L to 2.6 mol / L, more preferably 1 mol / L to 2.2 mol / L in total of the metal salts. If the concentration is less than 1 mol / L, the resulting hydroxide slurry concentration is low and the productivity is poor. On the other hand, if it exceeds 2.6 mol / L, crystal precipitation and freezing occur at ⁇ 5 ° C. or less, which may clog the piping of the equipment, and it is necessary to keep the piping warm or warm, which is expensive.
- the amount of the mixed aqueous solution supplied to the reaction tank is such that the concentration of the crystallized product at the time when the crystallization reaction is completed is approximately 30 g / L to 250 g / L, preferably 80 g / L to 150 g / L. It is preferable to do.
- the crystallized substance concentration is less than 30 g / L, the primary particles may be insufficiently aggregated.
- the crystallized substance concentration exceeds 250 g / L, the mixture is added in the reaction tank of the aqueous solution. This is because the diffusion of the particles is not sufficient and the grain growth may be biased.
- ammonium ion supplier in the reaction solution is not particularly limited as long as it is a water-soluble compound, but ammonia, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium carbonate, ammonium fluoride and the like can be used, for example, ammonia, Ammonium sulfate is preferably used.
- the ammonia concentration in the reaction solution is preferably adjusted to 3 g / L to 25 g / L, more preferably 5 g / L to 20 g / L, and even more preferably 5 g / L to 15 g / L. Due to the presence of ammonium ions in the reaction solution, metal ions, particularly Ni ions, form ammine complexes, the solubility of metal ions increases, the growth of primary particles is promoted, and dense composite hydroxide particles are obtained. It is easy to be done. Furthermore, since the solubility of metal ions is stabilized, composite hydroxide particles having a uniform shape and particle size are easily obtained. In particular, by setting the ammonia concentration in the reaction solution to 3 g / L to 25 g / L, it is easier to obtain composite hydroxide particles having a finer shape and a uniform particle size.
- the solubility of metal ions may become unstable, primary particles having a uniform shape and particle size are not formed, and gel-like nuclei are formed. The particle size distribution may be broadened.
- the solubility of metal ions becomes too high, the amount of metal ions remaining in the reaction aqueous solution increases, and the composition may shift.
- the concentration of ammonium ions can be measured with a general ion meter.
- the alkaline solution is prepared with a mixed aqueous solution of alkali metal hydroxide and carbonate.
- [CO 3 2 ⁇ ] / [OH ⁇ ] representing the mixing ratio of the alkali metal hydroxide and the carbonate is preferably 0.002 or more and 0.050 or less, and 0.005 or more and 0.0. It is more preferably 030 or less, and further preferably 0.010 or more and 0.025 or less.
- anions such as sulfate radicals and chlorine remaining as impurities in the nickel cobalt manganese composite hydroxide obtained in the crystallization step are converted into carbonate radicals. And ion exchange.
- the carbonate radical is volatilized in the step of mixing and firing the nickel cobalt manganese composite hydroxide and the lithium compound, and therefore does not remain in the lithium nickel cobalt manganese composite oxide as the positive electrode material.
- the alkali metal hydroxide is preferably at least one selected from lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, and potassium hydroxide, and a compound that is easily dissolved in water is preferable because the amount added can be easily controlled.
- the carbonate is preferably at least one selected from sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, and ammonium carbonate, and a compound that is easily dissolved in water is preferable because the amount added can be easily controlled.
- the method of adding the alkaline solution to the reaction vessel is not particularly limited, and a pump capable of controlling the flow rate, such as a metering pump, so that the pH value of the reaction solution is maintained in a range described later. What is necessary is just to add.
- a nucleation step is performed in which an alkali solution is added so that the pH value of the reaction solution measured on the basis of 25 ° C. is 12.0 to 14.0, and nucleation is performed.
- Particles for growing nuclei by adding an alkaline solution to the aqueous solution for particle growth containing the formed nuclei and adding an alkaline solution so that the pH value measured on the basis of a liquid temperature of 25 ° C. is 10.5 to 12.0 More preferably, it comprises a growth step.
- the nucleation reaction and the particle growth reaction do not proceed at the same time in the same tank, but mainly the time when the nucleation reaction (nucleation process) occurs and the time when the particle growth reaction (particle growth process) occurs mainly. Is characterized by a clear separation.
- the pH value of the aqueous reaction solution it is necessary to control the pH value of the aqueous reaction solution to be in the range of 12.0 to 14.0 based on the liquid temperature of 25 ° C.
- the pH value exceeds 14.0, the produced nuclei become too fine and the reaction aqueous solution gels.
- the pH value is less than 12.0, a nucleus growth reaction occurs together with nucleation, so that the range of the particle size distribution of the nuclei formed becomes wide and non-uniform.
- the nucleation step by controlling the pH value of the reaction aqueous solution in the range of 12.0 to 14.0, it is possible to suppress the growth of nuclei and cause almost only nucleation, It can be homogeneous and have a narrow range of particle size distribution.
- the pH value of the aqueous reaction solution it is necessary to control the pH value of the aqueous reaction solution to be in the range of 10.5 to 12.0, preferably 11.0 to 12.0 on the basis of the liquid temperature of 25 ° C.
- the pH value exceeds 12.0, more nuclei are newly generated and fine secondary particles are generated, so that a hydroxide having a good particle size distribution cannot be obtained.
- the pH value is less than 10.5, the solubility by ammonium ions is high, and the metal ions remaining in the liquid without being precipitated increase, so that the production efficiency is deteriorated.
- the resulting nickel cobalt manganese composite hydroxide can be made homogeneous and have a narrow particle size distribution range.
- the pH value When the pH value is 12, it is a boundary condition between nucleation and nucleation, and therefore, it can be set as either a nucleation process or a particle growth process depending on the presence or absence of nuclei present in the reaction aqueous solution. . That is, if the pH value in the nucleation step is higher than 12 and a large amount of nuclei are produced, and if the pH value is set to 12 in the particle growth step, a large amount of nuclei are present in the reaction aqueous solution, so the growth of nuclei takes priority. As a result, the hydroxide having a narrow particle size distribution and a relatively large particle size can be obtained.
- the pH value of the particle growth process may be controlled to a value lower than the pH value of the nucleation process.
- the pH value of the particle growth process is It is preferably 0.5 or more lower than the pH value of the production step, more preferably 1.0 or more.
- the nucleation step and the particle growth step are clearly separated by the pH value, so that nucleation takes precedence in the nucleation step and almost no nucleation occurs.
- the particle growth step Only nuclear growth occurs, and almost no new nuclei are generated.
- nuclei can be grown homogeneously. Therefore, in the method for producing nickel cobalt manganese composite hydroxide, uniform nickel cobalt manganese composite hydroxide particles having a narrow particle size distribution range can be obtained.
- the temperature of the reaction solution is preferably set to 20 to 80 ° C., more preferably 30 to 70 ° C., and further preferably 35 to 60 ° C.
- the solubility of metal ions is low, so that nucleation is likely to occur and control becomes difficult.
- the temperature of the reaction liquid exceeds 80 ° C., volatilization of ammonia is promoted, so that an excess ammonium ion supplier must be added to maintain a predetermined ammonia concentration, resulting in high cost. .
- reaction atmosphere The particle size and particle structure of the nickel cobalt manganese composite hydroxide are also controlled by the reaction atmosphere in the crystallization process.
- the atmosphere in the reaction vessel during the crystallization process is controlled to a non-oxidizing atmosphere, the growth of primary particles forming nickel cobalt manganese composite hydroxide is promoted, the primary particles are large and dense, and the particle size is moderate. Large secondary particles are formed.
- relatively large primary particles can be obtained by setting a non-oxidizing atmosphere having an oxygen concentration of 5.0% by volume or less, preferably 2.5% by volume or less, more preferably 1.0% by volume or less.
- the growth of particles is promoted by the aggregation of the particles, and secondary particles having an appropriate size can be obtained.
- Means for maintaining the reaction vessel space in such an atmosphere include circulating an inert gas such as nitrogen to the reaction vessel space, and further bubbling the inert gas in the reaction solution. .
- the composition of the nickel cobalt manganese composite hydroxide was measured with an ICP emission spectroscopic analyzer (ICPS-8100, manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation) after dissolving the sample in nitric acid.
- ICP emission spectroscopic analyzer ICPS-8100, manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation
- the sulfate radical content was determined by dissolving the sample with nitric acid and then measuring the elemental sulfur with an ICP emission spectrophotometer (ICPS-8100, manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation) and converting the measured amount of elemental sulfur to SO 4 .
- ICP emission spectrophotometer ICPS-8100, manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation
- the chlorine content was measured with an automatic titration apparatus (Hiranuma Sangyo Co., Ltd., COM-1600).
- the carbonate radical content was determined by measuring the total carbon element content with a carbon sulfur analyzer (CS-600 manufactured by LECO) and converting the measured total carbon element amount into CO 3 .
- the specific surface area was measured by a BET method using a specific surface area measuring device (manufactured by Yuasa Ionics Co., Ltd., Kantasorb QS-10).
- the lithium nickel cobalt manganese composite oxide was produced and evaluated by the following method.
- the nickel cobalt manganese composite hydroxide particles were heat-treated at 700 ° C. for 6 hours in an air stream (oxygen: 21 vol%) to recover the composite oxide particles.
- this obtained mixture was calcined at 500 ° C. for 4 hours in an oxygen stream (oxygen: 100% by volume), then calcined at 730 ° C. for 24 hours, cooled, crushed, and lithium nickel cobalt manganese A composite oxide was obtained.
- the sulfate group content of the obtained lithium nickel cobalt manganese composite oxide was obtained by dissolving the sample with nitric acid and then measuring the elemental sulfur using an ICP emission spectroscopic analyzer (ICPS-8100, manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation). the amount of elemental sulfur was determined by converting the SO 4.
- the Me-occupancy ratio indicating the crystallinity of the lithium nickel cobalt manganese composite oxide was determined by performing a Rietveld analysis from the diffraction pattern obtained using an X-ray diffractometer (X'Pert PRO, manufactured by Panalical). Calculated.
- the Me seat occupancy indicates the abundance ratio of the metal element in the layered metal layer (Me seat) by Ni, Co, Mn and the additive element M in the nickel cobalt manganese oxide.
- the Me seat occupancy has a correlation with the battery characteristics, and the higher the Me seat occupancy, the better the battery characteristics.
- Example 1 In Example 1, a nickel cobalt manganese composite hydroxide was prepared as follows using the method of the present invention.
- Ni: Co: Mn 1: 1: 1.
- an alkali solution was prepared by dissolving sodium hydroxide and sodium carbonate in water such that [CO 3 2 ⁇ ] / [OH ⁇ ] was 0.025.
- the above mixed aqueous solution was added to the reaction solution in the reaction tank at 12.9 ml / min.
- 25% ammonia water and an alkaline solution are also added to the reaction solution in the reaction tank at a constant rate, and the pH value is 12.8 (nucleation step) while maintaining the ammonia concentration in the reaction solution at 10 g / L.
- Crystallization was carried out for 2 minutes and 30 seconds while controlling to a pH value) to perform nucleation.
- a nickel cobalt manganese composite hydroxide was obtained and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the ratio was adjusted to 1: 7.
- Example 4 nickel cobalt manganese composite hydroxide was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that [CO 3 2 ⁇ ] / [OH ⁇ ] was 0.003 when adjusting the alkaline solution. And evaluated.
- Example 5 nickel cobalt manganese composite hydroxide was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that [CO 3 2 ⁇ ] / [OH ⁇ ] was 0.040 when adjusting the alkaline solution. And evaluated.
- Example 6 a nickel cobalt manganese composite hydroxide was obtained and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the pH of the nucleation step was 13.6.
- Example 7 nickel cobalt manganese composite hydroxide was obtained and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the pH of the nucleation step was 11.8.
- Example 8 nickel cobalt manganese composite hydroxide was obtained and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the pH of the particle growth step was 12.3.
- Example 9 nickel cobalt manganese composite hydroxide was obtained and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the pH of the particle growth step was 10.2.
- Example 10 a nickel cobalt manganese composite hydroxide was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the alkali metal hydroxide used for preparing the alkaline solution was potassium hydroxide and the carbonate was potassium carbonate. evaluated.
- Example 11 In Example 11, a nickel cobalt manganese composite hydroxide was obtained and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the carbonate when adjusting the alkaline solution was ammonium carbonate and the ammonia concentration was adjusted to 20 g / L. did.
- Example 12 In Example 12, a nickel cobalt manganese composite hydroxide was obtained and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the bath temperature was set to 35 ° C.
- Comparative Example 2 nickel cobalt manganese composite hydroxide was used in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the alkali solution was only sodium hydroxide and [CO 3 2 ⁇ ] / [OH ⁇ ] was 0.000. The product was obtained and evaluated.
- Comparative Example 3 nickel cobalt manganese composite hydroxide was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that [CO 3 2 ⁇ ] / [OH ⁇ ] was 0.001 when adjusting the alkaline solution. And evaluated.
- Comparative Example 4 nickel cobalt manganese composite hydroxide was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that [CO 3 2 ⁇ ] / [OH ⁇ ] was set to 0.055 when adjusting the alkaline solution. And evaluated.
- Table 1 shows the production conditions of the nickel cobalt manganese composite hydroxides of Examples 1 to 12 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4. Furthermore, the evaluation result of the obtained nickel cobalt manganese composite hydroxide is shown in Table 2, and the evaluation result of lithium nickel cobalt manganese composite oxide is shown in Table 3.
- the average particle size of the obtained nickel cobalt manganese composite hydroxide was 3 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m, and the sulfate group content was 1.0 mass% or less, chlorine content is 0.5 mass% or less, and carbonate radical content is 1.0 mass% to 2.5 mass%.
- the Me seat occupancy indicating the crystallinity when the lithium nickel cobalt manganese composite oxide was used exceeded 90.0%, and the crystallinity was excellent. It turns out that lithium nickel cobalt manganese complex oxide is obtained and is useful as a positive electrode active material.
- the nickel-cobalt-manganese composite hydroxide of the present invention is used not only for electric vehicles driven purely by electric energy but also as a precursor for battery materials for so-called hybrid vehicles used in combination with combustion engines such as gasoline engines and diesel engines. be able to.
- the power source for electric vehicles includes not only purely electric vehicles driven by electric energy but also power sources for so-called hybrid vehicles used in combination with combustion engines such as gasoline engines and diesel engines.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery using a composite hydroxide as a raw material can be suitably used as a power source for these hybrid vehicles.
Abstract
Description
1.ニッケルコバルトマンガン複合水酸化物
2.ニッケルコバルトマンガン複合水酸化物の製造方法
本発明のニッケルコバルトマンガン複合水酸化物は、一般式NixCoyMnzMt(OH)2+a(ただし、x+y+z+t=1、0.20≦x≦0.80、0.10≦y≦0.50、0.10≦z≦0.90、0≦t≦0.10、0≦a≦0.5、MはMg、Ca、Al、Ti、V、Cr、Zr、Nb、Mo、Wから選択される少なくとも1種の添加元素である)で表され、複数の板状一次粒子が凝集して形成された球状の二次粒子であり、該二次粒子は、平均粒径が3~20μmであって、硫酸根含有量が1.0質量%以下、かつ塩素含有量が0.5質量%以下であり、さらに炭酸根含有量が1.0質量%~2.5質量%であることを特徴としている。以下、各要素の特徴を詳細に説明する。
ニッケルコバルトマンガン複合水酸化物は、その組成が、一般式NixCoyMnzMt(OH)2+a(ただし、x+y+z+t=1、0.20≦x≦0.80、0.10≦y≦0.50、0.10≦z≦0.90、0≦t≦0.10、0≦a≦0.5、Mは、Mg、Ca、Al、Ti、V、Cr、Zr、Nb、Mo、Wから選択される少なくとも1種の添加元素である)で表されるように調整されるものである。
ニッケルコバルトマンガン複合水酸化物は、複数の一次粒子が凝集して形成された球状の二次粒子により構成される。二次粒子を構成する一次粒子の形状としては、板状、針状、直方体状、楕円状、菱面体状などのさまざまな形態を採りうる。また、複数の一次粒子の凝集状態も、ランダムな方向に凝集する場合のほか、中心から放射状に粒子の長径方向が凝集する場合も本発明に適用することは可能である。
ニッケルコバルトマンガン複合水酸化物は、粒子の平均粒径が3μm~20μmに調整されている。平均粒径が3μm未満の場合には、正極を形成したときに粒子の充填密度が低下して正極の容積あたりの電池容量が低下するため好ましくない。一方、平均粒径が20μmを超えると、正極活物質の比表面積が低下して電池の電解液との界面が減少することにより正極の抵抗が上昇して電池の出力特性が低下するため好ましくない。したがって、ニッケルコバルトマンガン複合水酸化物は、粒子の平均粒径を3μm~20μm、好ましくは3μm~15μm、より好ましくは4μm~12μmとなるように調整すれば、この正極活物質を正極に用いた電池において、容積あたりの電池容量を大きくすることができ、安全性が高く、サイクル特性が良好である。
ニッケルコバルトマンガン複合水酸化物は、硫酸根及び塩素を含有する。硫酸根含有量は、1.0質量%以下、好ましくは0.6質量%以下であり、塩素含有量は0.5質量%以下、好ましくは0.3質量%以下である。ここで、ニッケルコバルトマンガン複合水酸化物粒子に含有される硫酸根や塩素は、以下の晶析工程で用いた原料に由来する。
ニッケルコバルトマンガン複合水酸化物は、炭酸根含有量が1.0質量%~2.5質量%である。ここで、ニッケルコバルトマンガン複合水酸化物に含有される炭酸根は、後述する晶析工程で用いた炭酸塩に由来する。また炭酸根は、ニッケルコバルトマンガン複合水酸化物とリチウム化合物を混合し、焼成する工程において揮発するため正極材料であるリチウムニッケルコバルトマンガン複合酸化物中には残留しない。ニッケルコバルトマンガン複合水酸化物に含有される炭酸根含有量が1.0質量%~2.5質量%の範囲であれば、リチウム化合物と混合して焼成する際にニッケルコバルトマンガン複合水酸化物に含有される炭酸根の揮発に伴い粒子内に細孔が形成されて、溶融したリチウム化合物と適度に接触でき、リチウムニッケルコバルトマンガン複合酸化物の結晶成長が適度に進行する。炭酸根含有量は、例えば、ニッケルコバルトマンガン複合水酸化物の全炭素元素含有量を測定し、この測定された全炭素元素の量をCO3に換算することにより求めることができる。
ニッケルコバルトマンガン複合水酸化物は、粒子の粒度分布の広がりを示す指標である〔(d90-d10)/平均粒径〕が0.55以下となるように調整されていることが好ましい。
ニッケルコバルトマンガン複合水酸化物は、比表面積が5m2/g~60m2/gとなるように調整されていることが好ましく、5m2/g~50m2/gとなるように調整されていることがより好ましい。比表面積が上記範囲であれば、リチウム化合物と混合して焼成する際に、溶融したリチウム化合物と接触できる粒子表面積が十分に得られるからである。一方、比表面積が5m2/gを下回ると、リチウム化合物と混合し焼成する際に溶融したリチウム化合物との接触が不十分となり、得られるリチウムニッケルコバルトマンガン複合酸化物の結晶性が低下し、正極材料として電池を構成する際、固相内でのLi拡散を阻害して容量が低下するという問題がある。比表面積が60m2/gを超えると、リチウム化合物と混合し焼成する際に、結晶成長が進みすぎて、層状化合物であるリチウム遷移金属複合酸化物のリチウム層にニッケルが混入するカチオンミキシングが起こり、充放電容量が減少するため好ましくない。
ニッケルコバルトマンガン複合水酸化物は、リチウム化合物と混合し焼成することでリチウムニッケルコバルトマンガン複合酸化物を生成することができる。リチウムニッケルコバルトマンガン複合酸化物は、非水系電解質二次電池の正極活物質の原料として用いることができる。
本発明のニッケルコバルトマンガン複合水酸化物の製造方法は、晶析反応によって例えば上述のニッケルコバルトマンガン複合水酸化物を製造する。ニッケルコバルトマンガン複合水酸化物の製造方法は、少なくともニッケル、コバルト及びマンガンを含む混合水溶液と、アンモニウムイオン供給体とを含む水溶液に、アルカリ溶液を添加して得た反応溶液中で晶析する晶析工程を有し、アルカリ溶液は、アルカリ金属水酸化物と炭酸塩の混合水溶液であり、該混合水溶液における該アルカリ金属水酸化物に対する該炭酸塩の比[CO3 2-]/[OH-]が0.002以上0.050以下であることを特徴とする。
ニッケル、コバルト及びマンガンを含む混合水溶液に用いられる、ニッケル塩、コバルト塩、マンガン塩などの塩としては、水溶性の化合物であれば特に限定するものではないが、硫酸塩、硝酸塩、塩化物などを使用することができる。例えば、硫酸ニッケル、硫酸コバルト、硫酸マンガンが好ましく用いられる。
反応液中のアンモニウムイオン供給体は、水溶性の化合物であれば特に限定するものではないが、アンモニア、硫酸アンモニウム、塩化アンモニウム、炭酸アンモニウム、フッ化アンモニウムなどを使用することができ、例えば、アンモニア、硫酸アンモニウムが好ましく用いられる。
アルカリ溶液は、アルカリ金属水酸化物と炭酸塩の混合水溶液で調整される。アルカリ溶液は、アルカリ金属水酸化物と炭酸塩の混合割合を表す[CO3 2-]/[OH-]が、0.002以上0.050以下であることが好ましく、0.005以上0.030以下であることがより好ましく、0.010以上、0.025以下であることがさらに好ましい。
晶析工程では、25℃を基準として測定する反応液のpH値が12.0~14.0になるようにアルカリ溶液を添加して、核生成を行う核生成工程と、核生成工程において形成された核を含有する粒子成長用水溶液を、液温25℃を基準として測定するpH値が10.5~12.0となるようにアルカリ溶液を添加して、制御して核を成長させる粒子成長工程とからなることがより好ましい。すなわち、核生成反応と粒子成長反応とが同じ槽内において同じ時期に進行するのではなく、主として核生成反応(核生成工程)が生じる時間と、主として粒子成長反応(粒子成長工程)が生じる時間とを明確に分離したことを特徴としている。
反応槽内において、反応液の温度は、好ましくは20~80℃、より好ましくは30~70℃、さらに好ましくは35~60℃に設定する。反応液の温度が20℃未満の場合、金属イオンの溶解度が低いため核発生が起こりやすく制御が難しくなる。一方、反応液の温度が80℃を超えると、アンモニアの揮発が促進されるため、所定のアンモニア濃度を保つために、過剰のアンモニウムイオン供給体を添加しなければならならず、コスト高となる。
ニッケルコバルトマンガン複合水酸化物の粒径及び粒子構造は、晶析工程における反応雰囲気によっても制御される。
実施例1では、ニッケルコバルトマンガン複合水酸化物を、本発明の方法を用いて、以下のように作製した。
実施例2では、硫酸ニッケルと塩化コバルト、硫酸マンガンを水に溶かして2.0mol/Lの混合水溶液を形成する際に、この混合水溶液の各金属元素モル比が、Ni:Co:Mn=6:2:2となるように調整した以外は、実施例1と同様にしてニッケルコバルトマンガン複合水酸化物を得るとともに評価した。
実施例3では、硫酸ニッケルと塩化コバルト、硫酸マンガンを水に溶かして2.0mol/Lの混合水溶液を形成する際に、この混合水溶液の各金属元素モル比が、Ni:Co:Mn=2:1:7となるように調整した以外は、実施例1と同様にしてニッケルコバルトマンガン複合水酸化物を得るとともに評価した。
実施例4では、アルカリ溶液を調整する際に、[CO3 2-]/[OH-]が0.003となるようにした以外は、実施例1と同様にしてニッケルコバルトマンガン複合水酸化物を得るとともに評価した。
実施例5では、アルカリ溶液を調整する際に、[CO3 2-]/[OH-]が0.040となるようにした以外は、実施例1と同様にしてニッケルコバルトマンガン複合水酸化物を得るとともに評価した。
実施例6では、核生成工程のpHを13.6とした以外は、実施例1と同様にしてニッケルコバルトマンガン複合水酸化物を得るとともに評価した。
実施例7では、核生成工程のpHを11.8とした以外は、実施例1と同様にしてニッケルコバルトマンガン複合水酸化物を得るとともに評価した。
実施例8では、粒子成長工程のpHを12.3とした以外は、実施例1と同様にしてニッケルコバルトマンガン複合水酸化物を得るとともに評価した。
実施例9では、粒子成長工程のpHを10.2とした以外は、実施例1と同様にしてニッケルコバルトマンガン複合水酸化物を得るとともに評価した。
実施例10では、アルカリ溶液を調整する際のアルカリ金属水酸化物を水酸化カリウムとし、炭酸塩を炭酸カリウムとした以外は、実施例1と同様にしてニッケルコバルトマンガン複合水酸化物を得るとともに評価した。
実施例11では、アルカリ溶液を調整する際の炭酸塩を炭酸アンモニウムにするとともにアンモニア濃度を20g/Lに調整した以外は、実施例1と同様にしてニッケルコバルトマンガン複合水酸化物を得るとともに評価した。
実施例12では、槽内温度を35℃に設定した以外は、実施例1と同様にしてニッケルコバルトマンガン複合水酸化物を得るとともに評価した。
比較例1では、硫酸ニッケルと塩化コバルト、硫酸マンガンを水に溶かして2.0mol/Lの混合水溶液を形成する際に、この混合水溶液の各金属元素モル比が、Ni:Co:Mn=2:2:6となるように調整したことと、[CO3 2-]/[OH-]が0.001となるようにした以外は、実施例1と同様にしてニッケルコバルトマンガン複合水酸化物を得るとともに評価した。
比較例2では、アルカリ溶液を水酸化ナトリウムのみとし、[CO3 2-]/[OH-]が0.000となるようにした以外は、実施例1と同様にしてニッケルコバルトマンガン複合水酸化物を得るとともに評価した。
比較例3では、アルカリ溶液を調整する際に、[CO3 2-]/[OH-]が0.001となるようにした以外は、実施例1と同様にしてニッケルコバルトマンガン複合水酸化物を得るとともに評価した。
比較例4では、アルカリ溶液を調整する際に、[CO3 2-]/[OH-]が0.055となるようにした以外は、実施例1と同様にしてニッケルコバルトマンガン複合水酸化物を得るとともに評価した。
実施例1~12及び比較例1~4のニッケルコバルトマンガン複合水酸化物の製造条件を表1に示す。さらに得られたニッケルコバルトマンガン複合水酸化物の評価結果を表2に、リチウムニッケルコバルトマンガン複合酸化物の評価結果を表3に示す。
が90.0%を超えており、結晶性に優れたリチウムニッケルコバルトマンガン複合酸化物が得られ、正極活物質として有用であることが分かる。
Claims (9)
- 一般式NixCoyMnzMt(OH)2+a(ただし、x+y+z+t=1、0.20≦x≦0.80、0.10≦y≦0.50、0.10≦z≦0.90、0≦t≦0.10、0≦a≦0.5、Mは、Mg、Ca、Al、Ti、V、Cr、Zr、Nb、Mo、Wから選択される少なくとも1種の添加元素である)で表され、
複数の板状一次粒子が凝集して形成された球状の二次粒子であり、該二次粒子は、平均粒径が3μm~20μmであって、硫酸根含有量が1.0質量%以下、かつ塩素含有量が0.5質量%以下であり、炭酸根含有量が1.0質量%~2.5質量%であることを特徴とするニッケルコバルトマンガン複合水酸化物。 - 当該ニッケルコバルトマンガン複合水酸化物の粒度分布の広がりを示す指標である〔(d90-d10)/平均粒径〕が0.55以下であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のニッケルコバルトマンガン複合水酸化物。
- 比表面積が5m2/g~60m2/gであることを特徴とする請求項1又は請求項2に記載のニッケルコバルトマンガン複合水酸化物。
- 晶析反応によってニッケルコバルトマンガン複合水酸化物を製造するニッケルコバルトマンガン複合水酸化物の製造方法であって、
少なくともニッケル、コバルト及びマンガンを含む混合水溶液と、アンモニウムイオン供給体とを含む水溶液に、アルカリ溶液を添加して得た反応溶液中で晶析する晶析工程を有し、
前記アルカリ溶液は、アルカリ金属水酸化物と炭酸塩の混合水溶液であり、該混合水溶液における該アルカリ金属水酸化物に対する該炭酸塩の比[CO3 2-]/[OH-]が0.002以上0.050以下であることを特徴とするニッケルコバルトマンガン複合水酸化物の製造方法。 - 前記晶析工程は、核生成工程と、粒子成長工程とからなり、
前記核生成工程では、液温25℃を基準として測定するpH値が12.0~14.0になるようにアルカリ溶液を前記水溶液に添加して前記反応溶液中で核生成を行い、
前記粒子成長工程では、前記核生成工程において形成された核を含有する前記反応溶液を、液温25℃を基準として測定するpH値が10.5~12.0となるようにアルカリ溶液を添加することを特徴とする請求項4に記載のニッケルコバルトマンガン複合水酸化物の製造方法。 - 前記アルカリ金属水酸化物は、水酸化リチウム、水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウムから選ばれる少なくとも1種類以上であることを特徴とする請求項4又は請求項5に記載のニッケルコバルトマンガン複合水酸化物の製造方法。
- 前記炭酸塩は、炭酸ナトリウム、炭酸カリウム、炭酸アンモニウムから選ばれる少なくとも1種類以上であることを特徴とする請求項4乃至請求項6のいずれか1項に記載のニッケルコバルトマンガン複合水酸化物の製造方法。
- 前記晶析工程では、前記反応溶液のアンモニア濃度を、3g/L~25g/Lの範囲内に維持することを特徴とする請求項4乃至請求項7のいずれか1項に記載のニッケルコバルトマンガン複合水酸化物の製造方法。
- 前記晶析工程では、反応温度を20℃~80℃の範囲内に維持することを特徴とする請求項4乃至請求項8のいずれか1項に記載のニッケルコバルトマンガン複合水酸化物の製造方法。
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CN107108266B (zh) | 2019-05-17 |
CN107108266A (zh) | 2017-08-29 |
EP3239103B1 (en) | 2021-03-31 |
US20170352884A1 (en) | 2017-12-07 |
JP6265117B2 (ja) | 2018-01-24 |
PL3239103T3 (pl) | 2021-09-20 |
KR102381595B1 (ko) | 2022-04-04 |
US10305105B2 (en) | 2019-05-28 |
EP3239103A4 (en) | 2018-06-20 |
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