WO2013125075A1 - ネオジム系希土類永久磁石及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
ネオジム系希土類永久磁石及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013125075A1 WO2013125075A1 PCT/JP2012/072102 JP2012072102W WO2013125075A1 WO 2013125075 A1 WO2013125075 A1 WO 2013125075A1 JP 2012072102 W JP2012072102 W JP 2012072102W WO 2013125075 A1 WO2013125075 A1 WO 2013125075A1
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- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/0536—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals sintered
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
- H01F41/0266—Moulding; Pressing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B59/00—Obtaining rare earth metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/04—Refining by applying a vacuum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/005—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing rare earths, i.e. Sc, Y, Lanthanides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/34—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of metals not provided for in groups C25C3/02 - C25C3/32
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
- H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
- H01F1/0571—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes
- H01F1/0575—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together
- H01F1/0577—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together sintered
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C2202/00—Physical properties
- C22C2202/02—Magnetic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a high-purity neodymium-based rare earth permanent magnet whose magnetic properties are remarkably improved as compared with the prior art by purifying a magnet material and a method for producing the same.
- Permanent magnets have been applied to various fields, starting with dramatic progress, and improvements in performance and development of new equipment are made every day.
- the spread to IT, automobiles, home appliances, FA fields, etc. is growing rapidly.
- Permanent magnets are used for personal computers, voice coil motors for hard disk drives, optical pickups for DVD / CD drives, mobile phones, microspeakers and vibration motors, and motors such as servo motors and linear motors for home appliances and industrial equipment.
- 100 or more permanent magnets are used for one electric vehicle such as HEV.
- a neodymium magnet As a permanent magnet, an Alnico magnet, a ferrite magnet, a Samaco magnet, a neodymium (NdFeB) magnet, and the like are known. In recent years, research and development of neodymium magnets has been particularly active, and various efforts have been made toward higher performance.
- a neodymium magnet is generally composed of a ferromagnetic Nd 2 Fe 14 B 4 intermetallic compound (main phase), a paramagnetic B-rich phase, a nonmagnetic Nd-rich phase, and an oxide as an impurity. Further efforts are being made to improve magnetic properties by adding various elements.
- Patent Document 1 discloses that an R—Fe—B rare earth permanent magnet (R is one or more of Nd, Pr, Dy, Tb, and Ho), Co, Al, Cu, and Ti. It is disclosed that magnetic properties are remarkably improved by adding simultaneously, and Patent Document 2 discloses that the maximum energy product (BH) max is 42 MGOe or more by adding Ga while adjusting the composition. Is disclosed.
- Patent Document 3 In order to improve the magnetic characteristics, there are other methods of introducing an appropriate amount of impurity oxygen (a patent document 3), which is a factor that deteriorates the magnetic characteristics, and that an appropriate amount of added fluorine is unevenly distributed in the grain boundary portion of the magnet.
- Patent Document 4 The method of increasing the coercive force by suppressing the growth of the main phase crystal grains (Patent Document 4), reducing the B-rich phase and R-rich phase that lower the magnetic properties, and increasing the R 2 Fe 14 B phase as the main phase
- Patent Document 5 A method for improving the performance of the magnet
- JP 2000-331810 A JP-A-6-231921 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2005-50002 International Publication WO2005 / 123974 JP 7-45413 A
- the present invention is a neodymium-based rare earth permanent magnet that can significantly improve the magnetic properties by purifying the magnet material, and further has improved heat resistance and corrosion resistance, which are weak points unique to magnetic materials.
- An object is to provide a neodymium-based rare earth permanent magnet having high performance.
- the present inventors have conducted intensive research, and as a result, by using high-purity Nd, Fe, B, etc., the conventional neodymium-based rare earth has been made without complicating the production process. It has been found that the magnetic properties can be remarkably improved and the heat resistance and corrosion resistance can be improved as compared with the permanent magnet.
- the present invention 1) a neodymium rare earth permanent magnet having a purity of 99.9 wt% or more excluding gas components and component elements; 2) The neodymium-based rare earth permanent magnet according to 1), wherein the purity excluding gas components and component elements is 99.99 wt% or more, 3) The neodymium-based rare earth permanent magnet according to 1), wherein the purity excluding gas components and component elements is 99.999 wt% or more, 4)
- the increase rate of the maximum energy product (BH) max is 10% or more as compared with Nd—Fe—B rare earth permanent magnets having the same composition.
- Nd—Fe—B rare earth permanent magnet as described, 5) The Nd—Fe—B as described in any one of 1) to 4) above, wherein the increase rate of the heat-resistant temperature is 10% or more as compared with an Nd—Fe—B rare earth permanent magnet having the same composition. -B-based rare earth permanent magnets are provided.
- the present invention also provides: 6)
- the purity of the neodymium raw material is 99.9% or higher by molten salt electrolysis and the iron raw material is 99.99% or higher by aqueous solution electrolysis.
- this compound containing purified neodymium, purified iron, and boron is vacuum-dissolved.
- the ingot is pulverized and powdered, and then molded by pressing, and then the sintered body is sintered and heat-treated, and then the sintered body is surface processed.
- a method for producing a neodymium-based rare earth permanent magnet 7) The method for producing a neodymium-based rare earth permanent magnet according to 6) above, wherein the boron raw material has a purity of 99.9% or more by molten salt electrolysis, 8) The method for producing a neodymium-based rare earth permanent magnet according to 6), wherein the neodymium raw material has a purity of 99.99% or more by molten salt electrolysis and the iron raw material has an aqueous solution electrolysis of 99.99% or more, 9) The method for producing a neodymium-based rare earth permanent magnet according to 6) above, wherein the neodymium raw material has a purity of 99.999% or more by molten salt electrolysis and the iron raw material has an aqueous solution electrolysis of 99.999% or more.
- the neodymium-based rare earth permanent magnet of the present invention makes it possible to significantly improve the magnetic properties without complicating the manufacturing process, and further, to improve heat resistance and corrosion resistance, which are unique weak points of magnetic materials. It has an excellent effect of being able to.
- the neodymium rare earth permanent magnet of the present invention has a purity of 99.9 wt% or more excluding gas components. Preferably, it is 99.99 wt% or more, more preferably 99.999 wt% or more.
- gas components such as oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, and carbon are mixed in comparison with other impurity elements. Although it is desirable that the amount of these gas components is small, it is not particularly harmful in order to achieve the object of the present invention as long as the amount is normally mixed.
- Nd, Fe, and B are typical components.
- additional components such as Dy, Pr, Tb, and Ho are added.
- Rare earth elements and transition metal elements such as Co, Ni and Al.
- these additive components are excluded from the purity of the neodymium rare earth permanent magnet of the present invention. In other words, it goes without saying that the impurities are not counted.
- the neodymium-based rare earth permanent magnet of the present invention uses a high-purity Nd, Fe, and B as a raw material, and thus significantly improves magnetic properties and the like without going through a particularly complicated process. Therefore, since the magnetic properties are not improved by adjusting the component composition of the rare earth permanent magnet as in the prior art, the component composition is not particularly limited as long as the permanent magnet has normal magnetic properties.
- the neodymium-based rare earth permanent magnet of the present invention has excellent magnetic properties as compared with rare earth permanent magnets of the same composition known so far.
- Known rare earth permanent magnets include 31Nd-68Fe-1B (use: MRI), 26Nd-5Dy-68Fe-1B (use: OA equipment servo motor), 21Nd-10Dy-68Fe-1B (use: motor for hybrid cars), etc.
- 31Nd-68Fe-1B use: MRI
- 26Nd-5Dy-68Fe-1B use: OA equipment servo motor
- 21Nd-10Dy-68Fe-1B use: motor for hybrid cars
- the high-purity neodymium rare earth permanent magnet of the present invention preferably has an increase rate of the maximum energy product (BH) max of 10% or more as compared with a neodymium rare earth permanent magnet having the same composition. More preferably, it is 20% or more, and further preferably 30% or more.
- the maximum energy product (BH) max is a product of the residual magnetic flux density (B) and the coercive force (H).
- the high-purity neodymium-based rare earth permanent magnet of the present invention preferably has an increase rate of the heat-resistant temperature of 10% or more as compared with a neodymium-based rare earth permanent magnet having the same composition. Neodymium rare earth permanent magnets are required to have heat resistance depending on applications. In general, dysprosium or the like is added to increase the heat resistance temperature, but the present invention has an excellent effect that heat resistance can be improved without adding such an element. .
- Neodymium rare earth permanent magnets are generally known to be brittle and easy to break, have poor corrosion resistance and are susceptible to rust. Moreover, it is known that it is inferior in heat resistance and demagnetizes in a high temperature region. In the present invention, by purifying the magnet material, the processability, corrosion resistance, heat resistance, etc., which are the weak points of these general-purpose magnetic materials, can be dramatically improved at low cost without going through complicated processes. There was found. Moreover, in order to reduce corrosion resistance and brittleness, it is generally known that rare earth permanent magnets are plated with a metal such as nickel. However, the present invention can omit the step of performing these plating treatments. On the other hand, by combining these techniques, the corrosion resistance and workability can be further improved.
- this manufacturing method shows a typical and preferable example.
- the present invention is not limited to the following production methods, and it is easy to adopt any other production method as long as the object and conditions of the present invention can be achieved. To be understood.
- a commercially available Nd material (purity 2N level), a commercially available Fe material (purity 2 to 3N level), and a commercially available B material (purity 2N level) are prepared.
- the commercially available Dy raw material (purity 2N level) etc. as an additional component are prepared.
- Nd having a purity level of 3N to 5N and B having a purity level of 3N to 5N can be obtained.
- Fe having a purity level of 4N to 5N can be obtained by electrolyzing the Fe raw material with an aqueous solution.
- about a component with little content, for example, B etc. it is also possible to use as it is, without refinement
- the raw materials are weighed so as to have a desired composition.
- a composition can be suitably determined according to a use.
- the raw materials can be blended so that Nd is 27 to 30 wt%, Dy is 2 to 8 wt%, B1 to 2 wt%, and Fe is 60 to 70 wt%.
- these raw materials are heated and melted in a high-frequency melting furnace to form an ingot.
- the heating temperature is preferably about 1250 ° C. to 1500 ° C.
- the ingot is pulverized using a known method such as a jet mill.
- the average particle size of the pulverized powder is preferably about 3 to 5 ⁇ m.
- the alloyed pulverized powder is formed by a magnetic field press.
- the magnetic field strength is 10 to 40 KOe and the molding density is 3 to 6 g / cc.
- the obtained molded body is sintered in a sintering furnace, and then the sintered body is heat-treated in a heat treatment furnace.
- the temperature of the sintering furnace is preferably about 1000 ° C. to 1300 ° C.
- the temperature of the heat treatment furnace is preferably about 500 ° C. to 1000 ° C.
- the atmosphere in each furnace is preferably performed in a vacuum. It is also possible to perform sintering and heat treatment in the same furnace.
- the obtained sintered body is cut using a known method such as a sizing machine, and then the surface and the outer peripheral portion are subjected to final surface treatment using a polishing machine or a grinding machine. Thereafter, if necessary, the surface can be plated with nickel, copper, or the like.
- a known method can be used as the plating method.
- the plating thickness is preferably 10 to 20 ⁇ m.
- a neodymium rare earth permanent magnet having a purity of 99.9 wt% or more excluding gas components can be obtained.
- the ingot is pulverized and the pulverized powder is sintered to produce a rare earth permanent magnet.
- the ingot may be directly used as a rare earth permanent magnet without pulverizing the ingot. Is possible.
- Such a high-purity rare earth permanent magnet can improve the magnetic properties and can improve heat resistance, corrosion resistance, and the like as compared with a conventional rare earth permanent magnet having the same composition.
- the high-purity rare earth permanent magnet of the present invention can be applied to all permanent magnets containing Nd, Fe, and B as components. Therefore, it can be easily understood that there are no particular restrictions on other components and contents. That is, it is particularly useful for rare earth permanent magnets made of already known components.
- a present Example is an example to the last, and is not restrict
- composition: 31Nd-68Fe-1B (Example 1) A neodymium raw material having a purity level of 2N was made to have a purity level of 3N by molten salt electrolysis of chloride, and 31 kg of it was produced. In addition, an iron raw material having a purity level of 3N was produced by a hydrochloric acid aqueous solution electrolysis to produce a purity level of 4N and 68 kg. Moreover, about the boron raw material, 1 kg of commercially available purity 2N level was prepared. Next, the above raw material was heated and melted in a high-frequency melting furnace at a heating temperature of about 1250 ° C. to produce an ingot.
- the produced ingot was pulverized using a jet mill in an inert gas argon atmosphere.
- the average particle size of the pulverized powder was about 4 ⁇ m.
- the pulverized powder thus alloyed was molded using a magnetic field press in a nitrogen atmosphere at a magnetic field strength of 20 KOe and a molding density of 4.5 g / cc.
- the compact was sintered in a sintering furnace, and then the sintered body was heat-treated in a heat treatment furnace.
- the temperature of the sintering furnace was 1150 ° C.
- the temperature of the heat treatment furnace was 700 ° C.
- the atmosphere in each furnace was made into vacuum.
- the sintered body thus produced was cut using a slicing machine, and then the final surface treatment was performed on the surface and outer peripheral portion using a polishing machine and a grinding machine.
- plating treatment may be performed to prevent oxidation, but this time it was not performed.
- Table 1 shows the purity and magnetic properties of the neodymium rare earth permanent magnet produced in Example 1.
- the purity of the neodymium rare earth permanent magnet of Example 1 was 3N (99.9 wt%) or higher.
- the maximum energy product (BH) max was about 54 MGOe, indicating a good result.
- both the corrosion resistance and the heat resistance showed good results.
- Corrosion resistance was evaluated by observing the states of various samples (Examples and Comparative Examples) described later using “JIS ⁇ Z 2371 (salt spray test method) ”.
- Example 2 A neodymium raw material having a purity level of 2N was made to have a purity level of 4N by molten salt electrolysis of chloride, and 31 kg of it was produced. Further, an iron raw material having a purity level of 3N was adjusted to a purity level of 4N by electrolysis with a hydrochloric acid aqueous solution to produce 68 kg. Further, a boron raw material having a purity level of 2N was made to have a purity level of 4N by electrolysis of molten salt of chloride, and 1 kg of it was produced. Subsequent steps were performed under the same conditions as in Example 1.
- Table 1 shows the purity and magnetic properties of the neodymium-based rare earth permanent magnet produced in Example 2. As shown in Table 1, the purity of the neodymium rare earth permanent magnet of Example 2 was 4N (99.99 wt%) or higher. At this time, the maximum energy product (BH) max was about 59 MGOe, indicating a good result. Moreover, both the corrosion resistance and the heat resistance showed good results.
- Example 3 A neodymium raw material with a purity level of 3N was made to have a purity level of 5N by repeating molten salt electrolysis of chloride twice, and 31 kg of it was produced. Further, an iron raw material having a purity level of 3N was made to have a purity level of 5N by repeating hydrochloric acid aqueous solution electrolysis twice, and 68 kg of it was produced. Further, a boron raw material having a purity level of 2N was made to have a purity level of 4N by electrolysis of molten salt of chloride, and 1 kg of it was produced. Subsequent steps were performed under the same conditions as in Example 1.
- Table 1 shows the purity and magnetic properties of the neodymium-based rare earth permanent magnet produced in Example 3. As shown in Table 1, the purity of the neodymium-based rare earth permanent magnet of Example 3 was 99.999 wt% or more. At this time, the maximum energy product (BH) max was about 62 MGOe, indicating a good result. Moreover, both corrosion resistance and heat resistance showed extremely good results.
- BH maximum energy product
- Example 4 A neodymium raw material having a purity level of 2N was made to have a purity level of 3N by molten salt electrolysis of chloride, and 26 kg of the raw material was produced. Further, an iron raw material having a purity level of 3N was adjusted to a purity level of 4N by electrolysis with a hydrochloric acid aqueous solution to produce 68 kg. Moreover, about the boron raw material, the commercially available purity 2N level was used. Further, the dysprosium raw material having a purity level of 2N was vacuum distilled to a purity level of 4N, and 5 kg of it was produced.
- Example 1 shows the purity and magnetic properties of the neodymium rare earth permanent magnet produced in Example 4. As shown in Table 1, the purity of the neodymium-based rare earth permanent magnet of Example 4 was 3N (99.9 wt%) or higher. At this time, the maximum energy product (BH) max was about 45 MGOe, indicating a good result. Moreover, both the corrosion resistance and the heat resistance showed good results.
- BH maximum energy product
- Example 5 A neodymium raw material having a purity level of 2N was converted to a purity level of 4N by electrolysis of a molten salt of chloride, and 26 kg of it was produced. Further, an iron raw material having a purity level of 3N was adjusted to a purity level of 4N by electrolysis with a hydrochloric acid aqueous solution to produce 68 kg. Moreover, about the boron raw material, the commercially available purity 4N level was used. Further, the dysprosium raw material having a purity level of 2N was vacuum distilled to a purity level of 4N, and 5 kg of it was produced. Subsequent steps were performed under the same conditions as in Example 1.
- Table 1 shows the purity and magnetic properties of the neodymium rare earth permanent magnet produced in Example 5. As shown in Table 1, the purity of the neodymium-based rare earth permanent magnet of Example 5 was 4N (99.99 wt%) or higher. At this time, the maximum energy product (BH) max was about 54 MGOe, indicating a good result. Moreover, both the corrosion resistance and the heat resistance showed good results.
- Example 6 The neodymium raw material having a purity level of 2N was made to have a purity level of 5N by repeating the molten salt electrolysis of chloride twice, and 26 kg of it was produced. Further, an iron raw material having a purity level of 3N was made to have a purity level of 5N by repeating hydrochloric acid aqueous solution electrolysis twice, and 68 kg of it was produced. Further, a boron raw material having a purity level of 2N was made to have a purity level of 4N by molten salt electrolysis, and 1 kg of it was produced. Further, the dysprosium raw material having a purity level of 2N was vacuum distilled to a purity level of 4N, and 5 kg of it was produced.
- Table 1 shows the purity and magnetic properties of the neodymium-based rare earth permanent magnet produced in Example 6. As shown in Table 1, the purity of the neodymium-based rare earth permanent magnet of Example 6 was 5N (99.999 wt%) or higher. At this time, the maximum energy product (BH) max was about 59 MGOe, indicating a good result. Moreover, both the corrosion resistance and the heat resistance showed good results.
- BH maximum energy product
- Example 7 A neodymium raw material having a purity level of 2N was adjusted to a purity level of 3N by electrolysis of a molten salt of chloride, and 21 kg of it was produced. Further, an iron raw material having a purity level of 3N was adjusted to a purity level of 4N by electrolysis with a hydrochloric acid aqueous solution to produce 68 kg. Moreover, about the boron raw material, the commercially available purity 2N level was used. Furthermore, the dysprosium raw material with a purity level of 2N was made to a purity level of 3N by vacuum distillation, and 10 kg of it was produced.
- Table 1 shows the purity and magnetic properties of the neodymium-based rare earth permanent magnet produced in Example 7. As shown in Table 1, the purity of the neodymium-based rare earth permanent magnet of Example 7 was 3N (99.9 wt%) or higher. At this time, the maximum energy product (BH) max was about 40 MGOe, indicating a good result. Moreover, both the corrosion resistance and the heat resistance showed good results.
- BH maximum energy product
- Example 8 A neodymium raw material having a purity level of 2N was made to have a purity level of 4N by molten salt electrolysis of chloride, and 21 kg of it was produced. Further, an iron raw material having a purity level of 3N was adjusted to a purity level of 4N by electrolysis with a hydrochloric acid aqueous solution to produce 68 kg. Further, a commercially available boron raw material having a purity level of 2N was made to have a purity of 4N by molten salt electrolysis, and 1 kg of it was produced. Furthermore, a dysprosium raw material with a purity level of 2N was made to a purity level of 4N by vacuum distillation, and 10 kg of it was produced.
- Table 1 shows the purity and magnetic properties of the neodymium-based rare earth permanent magnet produced in Example 8. As shown in Table 1, the purity of the neodymium-based rare earth permanent magnet of Example 8 was 4N (99.99 wt%) or higher. At this time, the maximum energy product (BH) max was about 47 MGOe, indicating a good result. Moreover, both the corrosion resistance and the heat resistance showed good results.
- BH maximum energy product
- Example 9 The neodymium raw material having a purity level of 2N was made to have a purity level of 5N by repeating the molten salt electrolysis of chloride twice, and 26 kg of it was produced. Further, an iron raw material having a purity level of 3N was made to have a purity level of 5N by repeating hydrochloric acid aqueous solution electrolysis twice, and 68 kg of it was produced. Moreover, about the boron raw material, the commercially available purity 2N level was used as purity 4N by molten salt electrolysis. Furthermore, a dysprosium raw material with a purity level of 2N was made to a purity level of 4N by vacuum distillation, and 10 kg of it was produced.
- Example 1 shows the purity and magnetic properties of the neodymium rare earth permanent magnet produced in Example 9. As shown in Table 1, the purity of the neodymium rare earth permanent magnet of Example 4 was 5N (99.999 wt%) or higher. At this time, the maximum energy product (BH) max was about 52 MGOe, indicating a good result. Moreover, both the corrosion resistance and the heat resistance showed good results.
- BH maximum energy product
- Table 1 shows the purity and magnetic properties of the neodymium rare earth permanent magnet produced in Comparative Example 1.
- the purity of the neodymium-based rare earth permanent magnet of Comparative Example 1 was 2N (99 wt%) level.
- the maximum energy product (BH) max was about 46 MGOe, which was inferior to those of Examples 1 to 3.
- both the corrosion resistance and heat resistance were inferior to the examples.
- Table 1 shows the purity and magnetic properties of the neodymium rare earth permanent magnet produced in Comparative Example 2.
- the purity of the neodymium rare earth permanent magnet of Comparative Example 2 was 2N (99 wt%) level.
- the maximum energy product (BH) max was about 40 MGOe, which was inferior to Examples 4-6.
- both the corrosion resistance and heat resistance were significantly inferior to those of the examples.
- heat resistance improved compared with the comparative example 1 which does not add dysprosium the maximum energy product (BH) max fell a little.
- Table 1 shows the purity and magnetic properties of the neodymium-based rare earth permanent magnet produced in Comparative Example 3.
- the purity of the neodymium-based rare earth permanent magnet of Comparative Example 3 was 2N (99 wt%) level.
- the maximum energy product (BH) max was inferior to Examples 7-9.
- both the corrosion resistance and heat resistance were significantly inferior to those of the examples.
- the maximum energy product (BH) max was lowered.
- the neodymium-based rare earth permanent magnet of the present invention can significantly improve magnetic properties by applying high-purity technology to magnetic materials, and further improve heat resistance and corrosion resistance, which are unique weak points of magnetic materials. Therefore, it is useful for providing a high-performance neodymium-based rare earth permanent magnet without complicating the manufacturing process.
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Abstract
Description
永久磁石の用途として、パソコンでは、ハードディスクドライブ用ボイスコイルモーターやDVD/CDドライブ用光ピックアップ、携帯電話では、マイクロスピーカーやバイブレーションモーター、家電や産業機器関連では、サーボモーターやリニアモーターなどの各種モーターがある。また、HEVなどの電気自動車には、1台当たり100個以上の永久磁石が使用されている。
例えば、特許文献1には、R-Fe-B系希土類永久磁石(Rは、Nd、Pr、Dy、Tb、Hoのうちの1種又は2種以上)に、Co、Al、Cu及びTiを同時に添加することにより、磁気特性を著しく改良することが開示されており、また、特許文献2には、組成を調整しながらGaを添加することで、最大エネルギー積(BH)maxを42MGOe以上とすることが開示されている。
1)ガス成分及び成分元素を除く純度が99.9wt%以上であることを特徴とするネオジム系希土類永久磁石、
2)ガス成分及び成分元素を除く純度が99.99wt%以上であることを特徴とする前記1)記載のネオジム系希土類永久磁石、
3)ガス成分及び成分元素を除く純度が99.999wt%以上であることを特徴とする前記1)記載のネオジム系希土類永久磁石、
4)同一組成のNd-Fe-B系希土類永久磁石に比べて、最大エネルギー積(BH)maxの増加率が10%以上であることを特徴とする前記1)~3)のいずれか一に記載のNd-Fe-B系希土類永久磁石、
5)同一組成のNd-Fe-B系希土類永久磁石に比べて、耐熱温度の上昇率が10%以上であることを特徴とする前記1)~4)のいずれか一に記載のNd-Fe-B系希土類永久磁石、を提供する。
6)ネオジム原料を溶融塩電解により純度99.9%以上、鉄原料を水溶液電解により99.99%以上とし、次に、この精製したネオジム、精製した鉄、ボロンを配合した配合物を真空溶解してインゴットとし、このインゴットを粉砕して粉末化した後、これをプレスにより成形し、その後、この成形体を焼結、熱処理を行った後、この焼結体を表面加工することを特徴とするネオジム系希土類永久磁石の製造方法、
7)前記ボロン原料を溶融塩電解により純度99.9%以上とすることを特徴とする前記6)記載のネオジム系希土類永久磁石の製造方法、
8)ネオジム原料を溶融塩電解により純度99.99%以上、鉄原料を水溶液電解により99.99%以上とすることを特徴とする前記6)記載のネオジム系希土類永久磁石の製造方法、
9)ネオジム原料を溶融塩電解により純度99.999%以上、鉄原料を水溶液電解により99.999%以上とすることを特徴とする前記6)記載のネオジム系希土類永久磁石の製造方法、
10)ジスプロシウム原料を真空蒸留により純度99.9%以上とし、この精製したジスプロシウムを前記配合物に添加したものを真空溶解してインゴットとすることを特徴とする前記6)~9)記載のネオジム系希土類永久磁石の製造方法、
11)表面加工後に、金属メッキを施すことを特徴とする前記6)~10)のいずれか一に記載のネオジム系希土類永久磁石の製造方法、を提供する。
一般に、ある程度の酸素、窒素、水素、カーボン等のガス成分は他の不純物元素に比べて多く混入する。これらのガス成分の混入量は少ないほうが望ましいが、通常混入する程度の量であれば、本発明の目的を達成するためには、特に有害とならない。
また、本発明の高純度ネオジム系希土類永久磁石は、同一組成のネオジム系希土類永久磁石に比べて、耐熱温度の上昇率が10%以上であることが好ましい。ネオジム系希土類永久磁石は、用途によっては耐熱性が要求される。一般にジスプロシウムなどを添加することで、耐熱温度を上昇させることが行われているが、本発明ではこのような元素を添加することなしに、耐熱性を向上させることができるという優れた効果を有する。
また、耐食性や脆性を低減するために、一般に希土類永久磁石をニッケルなどの金属でメッキすることが知られているが、本発明はこれらのメッキ処理を施す工程を省略することができる。一方、これらの技術を組み合わせることによって、耐食性や加工性などをさらに向上させることができる。
次いで、Nd原料、B原料を溶融塩電解することにより、いずれも純度3N~5NレベルのNd、純度3N~5NレベルのBが得られる。また、Fe原料を水溶液電解することにより、純度4N~5NレベルのFeが得られる。
なお、含有量が少ない成分、例えば、Bなどについては高純度化せずそのまま使用することも可能である。
次いで、これらの原料を高周波溶解炉にて、加熱溶解してインゴットを形成する。なお、加熱温度は1250℃~1500℃程度とするのが好ましい。その後、このインゴットをジェットミル等の公知の手法を用いて、粉砕する。このとき、混合中の酸化の問題を考慮すると、不活性ガス雰囲気中あるいは真空中で混合することが好ましい。粉砕粉の平均粒径は3~5μm程度とするのが好ましい。
次に、得られた成形体を焼結炉で焼結し、その後、この焼結体を熱処理炉で熱処理する。このとき、焼結炉の温度を1000℃~1300℃程度とし、また熱処理炉の温度を500℃~1000℃程度とするのが好ましい。それぞれの炉内の雰囲気は、真空中で行うことが好ましい。なお、焼結と熱処理を同一の炉内にて行うことも可能である。
(実施例1)
純度2Nレベルのネオジム原料を、塩化物の溶融塩電解により純度3Nレベルとし、それを31kg製造した。また、純度3Nレベルの鉄原料を、塩酸系の水溶液電解により純度4Nレベルと、それを68kg製造した。また、ボロン原料については、市販の純度2Nレベルを1kg用意した。
次に、上記の原料を高周波溶解炉において、加熱温度を1250℃程度にて、加熱溶解してインゴットを製造した。その後、製造したインゴットを、不活性ガスアルゴン雰囲気中、ジェットミルを用いて粉砕した。このとき、粉砕粉の平均粒径を4μm程度とした。
次に、このように合金化させた粉砕粉を、窒素雰囲気中、磁場強度20KOe、成形密度4.5g/ccとして、磁場プレス機を用いて成形した。その後、この成形体を焼結炉にて焼結した後、この焼結体を熱処理炉で熱処理した。このとき、焼結炉の温度を1150℃、熱処理炉の温度を700℃とした。また、それぞれの炉内の雰囲気を真空とした。
このようにして製造した焼結体を、スライシングマシンを用いて切断加工し、その後、表面や外周部分を研磨器や研削盤を用いて最終表面処理を行った。なお、一般に、この後に酸化防止のためメッキ処理を施すことがあるが、今回は、行わなかった。
純度2Nレベルのネオジム原料を、塩化物の溶融塩電解により純度4Nレベルとし、それを31kg製造した。また、純度3Nレベルの鉄原料を、塩酸系の水溶液電解により純度4Nレベルとし、それを68kg製造した。また、純度2Nレベルのボロン原料を、塩化物の溶融塩電解により純度4Nレベルとし、それを1kg製造した。
その後の工程は、実施例1と同様の条件とした。
純度3Nレベルのネオジム原料を、塩化物の溶融塩電解を2回繰り返すことにより純度5Nレベルとし、それを31kg製造した。また、純度3Nレベルの鉄原料を、塩酸系の水溶液電解を2回繰り返すことにより純度5Nレベルとし、それを68kg製造した。また、純度2Nレベルのボロン原料を、塩化物の溶融塩電解により純度4Nレベルとし、それを1kg製造した。
その後の工程は、実施例1と同様の条件とした。
(実施例4)
純度2Nレベルのネオジム原料を、塩化物の溶融塩電解により純度3Nレベルとし、それを26kg製造した。また、純度3Nレベルの鉄原料を、塩酸系の水溶液電解により純度4Nレベルとし、それを68kg製造した。また、ボロン原料については、市販の純度2Nレベルを用いた。さらに、純度2Nレベルのジスプロシウム原料を、真空蒸留により純度4Nレベルとし、それを5kg製造した。
その後の工程は、実施例1と同様の条件とした。
実施例4で作製したネオジム系希土類永久磁石の純度及び磁気特性をそれぞれ表1に示す。表1に示すように、実施例4のネオジム系希土類永久磁石の純度は3N(99.9wt%)以上であった。このとき、最大エネルギー積(BH)maxが約45MGOeと良好な結果を示していた。また、耐食性及び耐熱性のいずれも良好な結果を示していた。
純度2Nレベルのネオジム原料を、塩化物の溶融塩電解により純度4Nレベルとし、それを26kg製造した。また、純度3Nレベルの鉄原料を、塩酸系の水溶液電解により純度4Nレベルとし、それを68kg製造した。また、ボロン原料については、市販の純度4Nレベルを用いた。さらに、純度2Nレベルのジスプロシウム原料を、真空蒸留により純度4Nレベルとし、それを5kg製造した。
その後の工程は、実施例1と同様の条件とした。
実施例5で作製したネオジム系希土類永久磁石の純度及び磁気特性をそれぞれ表1に示す。表1に示すように、実施例5のネオジム系希土類永久磁石の純度は4N(99.99wt%)以上であった。このとき、最大エネルギー積(BH)maxが約54MGOeと良好な結果を示していた。また、耐食性及び耐熱性のいずれも良好な結果を示していた。
純度2Nレベルのネオジム原料を、塩化物の溶融塩電解を2回繰り返すことにより純度5Nレベルとし、それを26kg製造した。また、純度3Nレベルの鉄原料を、塩酸系の水溶液電解を2回繰り返すことにより純度5Nレベルとし、それを68kg製造した。また、純度2Nレベルのボロン原料を、溶融塩電解により純度4Nレベルとし、それを1kg製造した。さらに、純度2Nレベルのジスプロシウム原料を、真空蒸留により純度4Nレベルとし、それを5kg製造した。
その後の工程は、実施例1と同様の条件とした。
実施例6で作製したネオジム系希土類永久磁石の純度及び磁気特性をそれぞれ表1に示す。表1に示すように、実施例6のネオジム系希土類永久磁石の純度は5N(99.999wt%)以上であった。このとき、最大エネルギー積(BH)maxが約59MGOeと良好な結果を示していた。また、耐食性及び耐熱性のいずれも良好な結果を示していた。
(実施例7)
純度2Nレベルのネオジム原料を、塩化物の溶融塩電解により純度3Nレベルとし、それを21kg製造した。また、純度3Nレベルの鉄原料を、塩酸系の水溶液電解により純度4Nレベルとし、それを68kg製造した。また、ボロン原料については、市販の純度2Nレベルを用いた。さらに、純度2Nレベルのジスプロシウム原料を、真空蒸留により純度3Nレベルとし、それを10kg製造した。
その後の工程は、実施例1と同様の条件とした。
実施例7で作製したネオジム系希土類永久磁石の純度及び磁気特性をそれぞれ表1に示す。表1に示すように、実施例7のネオジム系希土類永久磁石の純度は3N(99.9wt%)以上であった。このとき、最大エネルギー積(BH)maxが約40MGOeと良好な結果を示していた。また、耐食性及び耐熱性のいずれも良好な結果を示していた。
純度2Nレベルのネオジム原料を、塩化物の溶融塩電解により純度4Nレベルとし、それを21kg製造した。また、純度3Nレベルの鉄原料を、塩酸系の水溶液電解により純度4Nレベルとし、それを68kg製造した。また、市販の純度2Nレベルのボロン原料を、溶融塩電解により純度4Nとし、それを1kg製造した。さらに、純度2Nレベルのジスプロシウム原料を、真空蒸留により純度4Nレベルとし、それを10kg製造した。
その後の工程は、実施例1と同様の条件とした。
実施例8で作製したネオジム系希土類永久磁石の純度及び磁気特性をそれぞれ表1に示す。表1に示すように、実施例8のネオジム系希土類永久磁石の純度は4N(99.99wt%)以上であった。このとき、最大エネルギー積(BH)maxが約47MGOeと良好な結果を示していた。また、耐食性及び耐熱性のいずれも良好な結果を示していた。
純度2Nレベルのネオジム原料を、塩化物の溶融塩電解を2回繰り返すことにより純度5Nレベルとし、それを26kg製造した。また、純度3Nレベルの鉄原料を、塩酸系の水溶液電解を2回繰り返すことにより純度5Nレベルとし、それを68kg製造した。また、ボロン原料については、市販の純度2Nレベルを、溶融塩電解により純度4Nとして用いた。さらに、純度2Nレベルのジスプロシウム原料を、真空蒸留により純度4Nレベルとし、それを10kg製造した。
その後の工程は、実施例1と同様の条件とした。
実施例9で作製したネオジム系希土類永久磁石の純度及び磁気特性をそれぞれ表1に示す。表1に示すように、実施例4のネオジム系希土類永久磁石の純度は5N(99.999wt%)以上であった。このとき、最大エネルギー積(BH)maxが約52MGOeと良好な結果を示していた。また、耐食性及び耐熱性のいずれも良好な結果を示していた。
(比較例1)
市販の純度2Nレベルのネオジム原料を26kg用意した。また、市販の純度3Nレベルの鉄を68kg用意した。また、市販の純度2Nレベルのボロンを1kg用意した。
その後の工程は、実施例1と同様の条件とした。
(比較例2)
市販の純度2Nレベルのネオジム原料を26kg用意した。また、市販の純度3Nレベルの鉄原料を68kg用意した。また、市販の純度2Nレベルのボロン原料を1kg用意した。さらに、市販の純度2Nレベルのジスプロシウム原料を5kg用意した。
その後の工程は、実施例1と同様の条件とした。
(比較例3)
市販の純度2Nレベルのネオジム原料を21kg用意した。また、市販の純度3Nレベルの鉄原料を68kg用意した。また、市販の純度2Nレベルのボロン原料を1kg用意した。さらに、市販の純度2Nレベルのジスプロシウム原料を10kg用意した。
その後の工程は、実施例1と同様の条件とした。
Claims (11)
- ガス成分及び成分元素を除く純度が99.9wt%以上であることを特徴とするネオジム系希土類永久磁石。
- ガス成分及び成分元素を除く純度が99.99wt%以上であることを特徴とする請求項1記載のネオジム系希土類永久磁石。
- ガス成分及び成分元素を除く純度が99.999wt%以上であることを特徴とする請求項1記載のネオジム系希土類永久磁石。
- 同一組成のNd-Fe-B系希土類永久磁石に比べて、最大エネルギー積(BH)maxの増加率が10%以上であることを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載のNd-Fe-B系希土類永久磁石。
- 同一組成のNd-Fe-B系希土類永久磁石に比べて、耐熱温度の上昇率が10%以上であることを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載のNd-Fe-B系希土類永久磁石。
- ネオジム原料を溶融塩電解により純度99.9%以上、鉄原料を水溶液電解により99.99%以上とし、次に、この精製したネオジム、精製した鉄、ボロンを配合した配合物を真空溶解してインゴットとし、このインゴットを粉砕して粉末化した後、これをプレスにより成形し、その後、この成形体を焼結、熱処理を行った後、この焼結体を表面加工することを特徴とするネオジム系希土類永久磁石の製造方法。
- 前記ボロン原料を溶融塩電解により純度99.9%以上とすることを特徴とする請求項6記載のネオジム系希土類永久磁石の製造方法。
- ネオジム原料を溶融塩電解により純度99.99%以上、鉄原料を水溶液電解により99.99%以上とすることを特徴とする請求項6記載のネオジム系希土類永久磁石の製造方法。
- ネオジム原料を溶融塩電解により純度99.999%以上、鉄原料を水溶液電解により99.999%以上とすることを特徴とする請求項6記載のネオジム系希土類永久磁石の製造方法。
- ジスプロシウム原料を真空蒸留により純度99.9%以上とし、この精製したジスプロシウムを前記配合物に添加したものを真空溶解してインゴットとすることを特徴とする請求項6~9のいずれか一項に記載のネオジム系希土類永久磁石の製造方法。
- 表面加工後に、金属メッキを施すことを特徴とする請求項6~10のいずれか一項に記載のネオジム系希土類永久磁石の製造方法。
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JP2018536278A (ja) * | 2015-09-28 | 2018-12-06 | シアメン タングステン カンパニー リミテッド | PrとWを複合含有するR−Fe−B系希土類焼結磁石 |
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KR101868763B1 (ko) | 2014-10-27 | 2018-06-18 | 제이엑스금속주식회사 | 희토류 박막 자석 및 그 제조 방법 |
CN106024235B (zh) * | 2015-03-30 | 2020-01-17 | 日立金属株式会社 | R-t-b系烧结磁体 |
WO2017154653A1 (ja) | 2016-03-07 | 2017-09-14 | Jx金属株式会社 | 希土類薄膜磁石及びその製造方法 |
KR101982998B1 (ko) | 2016-04-15 | 2019-05-27 | 제이엑스금속주식회사 | 희토류 박막 자석 및 그 제조 방법 |
CN105957685A (zh) * | 2016-05-30 | 2016-09-21 | 南通万宝实业有限公司 | 一种扬声器用永磁体及制备方法 |
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US9972428B2 (en) | 2018-05-15 |
US20150017053A1 (en) | 2015-01-15 |
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KR20140133552A (ko) | 2014-11-19 |
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KR101649433B1 (ko) | 2016-08-19 |
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