WO2013080511A1 - 抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶装置及びその書き込み方法 - Google Patents
抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶装置及びその書き込み方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013080511A1 WO2013080511A1 PCT/JP2012/007569 JP2012007569W WO2013080511A1 WO 2013080511 A1 WO2013080511 A1 WO 2013080511A1 JP 2012007569 W JP2012007569 W JP 2012007569W WO 2013080511 A1 WO2013080511 A1 WO 2013080511A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C13/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00
- G11C13/0002—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00 using resistive RAM [RRAM] elements
- G11C13/0021—Auxiliary circuits
- G11C13/0069—Writing or programming circuits or methods
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C13/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C13/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00
- G11C13/0002—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00 using resistive RAM [RRAM] elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C13/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00
- G11C13/0002—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00 using resistive RAM [RRAM] elements
- G11C13/0007—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00 using resistive RAM [RRAM] elements comprising metal oxide memory material, e.g. perovskites
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C13/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00
- G11C13/0002—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00 using resistive RAM [RRAM] elements
- G11C13/0021—Auxiliary circuits
- G11C13/0023—Address circuits or decoders
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to G11C13/00 for features not covered by this group
- G11C2213/70—Resistive array aspects
- G11C2213/71—Three dimensional array
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to G11C13/00 for features not covered by this group
- G11C2213/70—Resistive array aspects
- G11C2213/72—Array wherein the access device being a diode
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to G11C13/00 for features not covered by this group
- G11C2213/70—Resistive array aspects
- G11C2213/79—Array wherein the access device being a transistor
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a nonvolatile memory device or the like having a memory cell configured using a so-called variable resistance element.
- the resistance change element has a property that a resistance value changes according to an electric signal (transition between a high resistance state and a low resistance state), and information can be stored by the change in the resistance value. A possible element.
- a 1T1R structure There are two types of memory cell configurations using resistance change elements: a 1T1R structure and a crosspoint structure.
- a memory cell composed of one selection transistor for selecting a memory cell on a word line and one resistance change element is connected between a bit line and a source line arranged to cross each other. Is done.
- the cross-point structure each memory cell is sandwiched between the bit line and the word line at the position of the intersection between the bit line and the word line arranged so as to cross each other.
- various variable resistance nonvolatile memory devices having these configurations have been developed (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 to 3).
- Patent Document 1 discloses a nonvolatile memory device including a memory cell used as a 1T1R structure.
- the bit line and the bit line are designed to suppress a variation in memory cell current at the time of reading (that is, a current flowing through the memory cell) regardless of the position of the selected memory cell and to realize stable reading.
- the drive position of the source line is arranged on the opposite side across the memory cell array. Furthermore, by forming both wirings in the same layer, the same shape and the same material, and making both sheet resistances the same, the sum of the resistances of the source line and the bit line on the memory cell current path can be reduced. It is disclosed that it becomes constant regardless of the position and achieves stable reading.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a nonvolatile memory device including memory cells having a cross-point structure, which eliminates the influence of a voltage drop due to the wiring resistance (that is, parasitic resistance) of word lines and bit lines to each memory cell. The purpose is to ensure a margin for write and read operations without depending on the position of the memory cell.
- each word line driving circuit group or bit line driving circuit group that is activated (that is, selected) based on an address of a selected memory cell is provided for each position.
- the distance from the drive circuit of the memory cell to be accessed is set. It is disclosed that a voltage drop due to a difference in position between the end and the near end can be compensated.
- Patent Document 3 in a nonvolatile memory device including a memory cell having a multilayer cross-point structure, an increase in a drive circuit region is suppressed while suppressing a voltage drop due to a resistance of a via for connecting a bit line and a word line to an upper layer memory cell.
- a technique is disclosed in which the channel width of the drive circuit for driving the bit line and the word line is set larger for the uppermost layer.
- the characteristics and operation of the nonvolatile memory device depend on the arrangement position of the memory cell (hereinafter, this dependency is also referred to as “memory cell position dependency”). .) Can be offset, so that it is possible to suppress variations in memory cell characteristics during writing.
- Patent Documents 1 to 3 technologies relating to suppression of characteristic variations at the time of reading and writing are disclosed from the viewpoint of securing an operation margin.
- Patent Document 1 In the configuration of Patent Document 1, it is necessary to dispose the VL application source for writing and the 0 V application source on the opposite side across the memory cell, and there are significant restrictions on the layout. In addition, in Patent Document 1, since the memory cell position dependency of the potential on one word line as described in this example is not considered, the memory cell current in the low resistance state at the time of multi-bit simultaneous writing is Due to the variation, it is difficult to adopt multi-bit simultaneous writing as a measure for improving the writing speed.
- Patent Document 2 although the applied voltage value to the memory cell or the reference current value for determining the memory cell current is adjusted according to the position of the memory cell to be accessed, multiple bits (a plurality of bits on one word line) When the resistance of the memory cell is reduced at the same time, it is necessary to simultaneously output the optimum applied voltage or reference current for each position of the memory cell, which increases the circuit and layout. .
- Patent Document 3 in order to improve the writing speed, it is necessary to increase the number of layers corresponding to the number of bits to be simultaneously written. Therefore, when the number of bits to be simultaneously written from one word line is covered. Compared with the above, since it involves a process correspondence (change), it is very difficult to apply to multi-bit simultaneous writing.
- Patent Documents 1 to 3 As described above, any of the methods of Patent Documents 1 to 3 is difficult to apply to multi-bit simultaneous writing or has some adverse effects.
- the present invention solves the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, and there are almost no restrictions on layout, design, and process, and in multi-bit simultaneous writing for improving the writing speed, the variation due to the position of the memory cell is reduced.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a variable resistance nonvolatile memory device and the like that can realize less writing.
- an embodiment of a variable resistance nonvolatile memory device includes a plurality of bit lines, a plurality of word lines intersecting with the plurality of bit lines, and the plurality of bits.
- a plurality of variable resistance elements arranged at the intersections of the line and the plurality of word lines, and reversibly changing at least two resistance states of the first resistance state and the second resistance state.
- the first write circuit for applying a write voltage to the first bit line and the first bit line of the plurality of bit lines out of the plurality of memory cells are at least different from the first bit line.
- a second write circuit for applying a write voltage to the second bit line when a group of memory cells connected to the second bit line, which is one bit line, is used as a second memory cell array unit;
- a second selection circuit for connecting or disconnecting at least one; and a first word line driving circuit for selectively driving the plurality of word lines; and storing data in the plurality of memory cells.
- a target memory cell and a memory cell not intended for data storage are included, and the first and second write circuits apply a write voltage simultaneously to the first and second bit lines, respectively.
- the write units of a plurality of memory cells that are simultaneously written by the first and second write circuits include a memory cell intended for data storage and a memory cell not intended for data storage on the same word line.
- the first memory cell array unit is disposed closer to the first word line driving circuit than the second memory cell array unit, and the first selection circuit includes the first write circuit.
- the first on-resistance value which is the resistance value of the first selection circuit when the circuit is connected to the first bit line, is determined by the second selection circuit and the second write circuit. It is larger than the second on-resistance value that is the resistance value of the second selection circuit when the second bit line is connected.
- an embodiment of a method for calculating an on-resistance value of a selection circuit in a variable resistance nonvolatile memory device is commonly connected to a plurality of word lines.
- the wiring resistance of the word line for each (k ⁇ 1) section divided by the memory cell array unit is RWL
- the on-resistance of the first selection circuit that connects the selected memory cell, which is the memory cell selected in the first memory cell array unit closest to the word line driving circuit, and the write circuit is R (1), and the selection is performed.
- the current flowing through the selected memory cell is changed to the first low resistance current value.
- I0 the voltage drop amount VW (h) on the word line from the word line drive circuit to the h-th (1 ⁇ h ⁇ k) memory cell array unit is used as the voltage drop for each word line section.
- the sum of the quantities is calculated using at least the product of I0 and RWL and the variable h, and the hth memory cell connected to the write circuit is connected to the memory cell selected in the hth memory cell array unit.
- the on-resistance R (h) of the selection circuit is calculated using at least the I0, the R (1), and the VW (h), thereby corresponding to the first to kth memory cell array units.
- the on-resistance values of the first to kth selection circuits corresponding to the first to kth memory cell array units are set so that the first to kth low resistance current values are substantially equal. Set.
- one mode of a writing method in the variable resistance nonvolatile memory device is the writing method in the variable resistance nonvolatile memory device.
- a word line driving circuit selectively drives the plurality of word lines, and the first and second write circuits apply a write voltage simultaneously to the first and second bit lines, respectively.
- Writing is simultaneously performed on the first and second memory cells included in each of the first and second memory cell array units.
- an embodiment of a variable resistance nonvolatile memory device having a 1T1R structure includes a plurality of bit lines, a plurality of word lines intersecting with the plurality of bit lines, and A plurality of source lines; a selection element that is arranged at an intersection of the plurality of bit lines and the plurality of source lines and is controlled to be turned on and off by each of the plurality of word lines; and a resistance change element.
- a plurality of memory cells that reversibly change at least two resistance states of the first resistance state and the second resistance state, and at least one of the plurality of bit lines of the plurality of memory cells.
- First writing for applying a writing voltage to the first bit line when a group of memory cells connected to the first bit line, which is a bit line, is a first memory cell array unit. And a collection of memory cells connected to a second bit line that is at least one bit line different from the first bit line of the plurality of bit lines.
- a second write circuit for applying a write voltage to the second bit line is connected to at least one of the first write circuit and the first bit line.
- a first selection circuit to be disconnected, a second selection circuit to connect or disconnect at least one of the second write circuit and the second bit line, and the plurality of source lines A first source line driving circuit for driving the plurality of word lines and a word line driving circuit for selectively driving the plurality of word lines.
- the plurality of memory cells include a memory cell for data storage and a data storage device. And the first and second write circuits simultaneously apply a write voltage to the first and second bit lines, respectively, and the first and second write circuits respectively.
- Write units of a plurality of memory cells that are simultaneously written by a write circuit include a memory cell intended for data storage and a memory cell not intended for data storage on the same word line.
- the first memory cell array unit is arranged closer to the second memory cell array unit, and the first selection is the selection element included in the first memory cell array unit.
- the first on-resistance value that is the resistance value in the on-state of the element is the on-state of the second selection element that is the selection element included in the second memory cell array unit. It is larger than the second on-resistance value which is the resistance value at.
- one mode of a writing method in the resistance variable nonvolatile memory device having the 1T1R structure according to the present invention is a writing method in the variable resistance nonvolatile memory device,
- a first source line driver circuit selectively drives the plurality of source lines, and the word line driver circuit selects a source line driven by the first source line driver circuit among the plurality of word lines.
- the corresponding word lines are selectively driven, and the first and second write circuits simultaneously apply write voltages to the first and second bit lines, respectively. Writing is simultaneously performed to the first and second memory cells included in each of the two memory cell array units.
- the present invention suppresses the variation in memory cell current depending on the position of the memory cell in multi-bit simultaneous writing in a resistance change type nonvolatile memory device having a cross-point structure and a 1T1R structure, and can stabilize high writing characteristics. The effect which becomes.
- FIG. 1A is a three-dimensional structure diagram of a memory cell array having a single-layer cross-point structure.
- FIG. 1B is a three-dimensional structure diagram of a memory cell array having a multilayer cross-point structure.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional configuration diagram of a memory cell used in a nonvolatile memory device having a cross-point structure.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional configuration diagram of a memory cell used in a non-volatile memory device having a cross-point structure in which a via between a resistance change element and a current control element is removed.
- FIG. 4 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a memory cell used in a nonvolatile memory device having a cross-point structure.
- FIG. 1A is a three-dimensional structure diagram of a memory cell array having a single-layer cross-point structure.
- FIG. 1B is a three-dimensional structure diagram of a memory cell array having a multilayer cross-point structure.
- FIG. 2 is
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional configuration diagram of a memory cell used in a nonvolatile memory device having a 1T1R structure.
- FIG. 6 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a memory cell used in a nonvolatile memory device having a 1T1R structure.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing resistance change (IV) characteristics of a memory cell having a cross-point structure.
- FIG. 8 is a graph showing resistance change (IV) characteristics of a resistance change element used in a memory cell having a cross-point structure and a 1T1R structure.
- FIG. 9 is a configuration diagram of a memory cell array in which memory cells are arranged in a matrix.
- FIG. 10 is a development explanatory diagram of an array equivalent circuit of a memory cell array.
- FIG. 10 is a development explanatory diagram of an array equivalent circuit of a memory cell array.
- FIG. 11 is a degenerate equivalent circuit diagram of the memory cell array.
- FIG. 12 is an equivalent circuit diagram for explaining a 1-bit write state when the non-selected line is Hi-z.
- FIG. 13 is an IV characteristic graph of the memory cell array at the time of 1-bit writing.
- FIG. 14 is a conceptual diagram of memory cell selection in multi-bit simultaneous writing.
- FIG. 15 is an equivalent circuit diagram for explaining a multi-bit simultaneous writing state.
- FIG. 16A is an IV characteristic graph of the memory cell array at the time of 1-bit writing
- FIG. 16B is an IV characteristic graph of the memory cell array at the time of multi-bit simultaneous writing.
- FIG. 17 is a conceptual diagram of memory cell selection in multi-bit simultaneous writing by applying a constant current.
- FIG. 12 is an equivalent circuit diagram for explaining a 1-bit write state when the non-selected line is Hi-z.
- FIG. 13 is an IV characteristic graph of the memory cell array at the time of 1-bit writing.
- FIG. 14 is a conceptual diagram of
- FIG. 18 is an equivalent circuit diagram for explaining a multi-bit simultaneous writing state by applying a constant current.
- FIG. 19A is a graph showing the dependency of the selected memory cell current upon constant current application on the number of simultaneously written bits.
- FIG. 19B is a graph showing the simultaneous write bit number dependency of the set resistance value of the selected memory cell by constant current application.
- FIG. 20 is a configuration diagram of a memory cell array using memory cells having a cross-point structure.
- FIG. 21A is a circuit diagram of a memory cell having a cross-point structure.
- FIG. 21B is a circuit diagram of the transfer gate.
- FIG. 22 is a graph showing operating points of a memory cell having a cross-point structure.
- FIG. 23 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a memory cell array having a cross-point structure.
- FIG. 24 is a graph showing the simulation result of the memory cell position dependency of the memory cell current in the memory cell array of the cross point structure.
- FIG. 25 is a configuration diagram of a memory cell array having a cross-point structure according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 26 is a flowchart showing a multi-bit simultaneous writing procedure in the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 27 is a graph showing the channel width ratio of the selection elements in the memory cell array having the cross-point structure according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 28 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the memory cell array having the cross-point structure according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 29 is a graph showing a voltage drop on a selected word line in the memory cell array having the cross point structure according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 30 is a graph showing operating points of memory cells in the memory cell array having the cross-point structure according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 31 is a graph showing a simulation result of the memory cell position dependency of the memory cell current in the memory cell array having the cross-point structure according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 32 is a flowchart showing a method for calculating the on-resistance value of the selection circuit according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 33 is a configuration diagram of a memory cell array having a cross-point structure according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 34 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a memory cell used in the nonvolatile memory device having a cross point structure according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 35 is a graph showing the channel width ratio of the selection elements in the memory cell array having the cross-point structure according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 36 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a memory cell array having a cross-point structure according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 37 is a circuit diagram showing another configuration of the selection circuit in the memory cell array having the cross-point structure according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 38 is a configuration diagram of a memory cell array having a cross-point structure according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 39 is a graph showing the channel width ratio of the selection elements in the memory cell array having the cross-point structure according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 40 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a memory cell array having a cross-point structure according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 41 is a graph showing a voltage drop on the selected word line in the memory cell array having the cross point structure according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 42 is a graph showing a simulation result of the memory cell position dependency of the memory cell current in the memory cell array having the cross-point structure according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 43 is a configuration diagram of a memory cell array having a cross-point structure according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 40 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a memory cell array having a cross-point structure according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 41 is a graph showing a voltage drop on the selected word line in the memory cell array having the cross point structure according to the third
- FIG. 44A is an equivalent circuit diagram of a memory cell array unit located at the near end with respect to the write circuit in the memory cell array having the cross-point structure according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 44B is an equivalent circuit diagram of a memory cell array unit located at the far end with respect to the write circuit in the memory cell array of the cross point structure according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
- FIG. 45 is a configuration diagram of a memory cell array having a 1T1R structure according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 46 is a flowchart showing a multi-bit simultaneous writing procedure according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 47 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the memory cell array having the 1T1R structure according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 48 is a graph showing operating points of memory cells in the memory cell array having the 1T1R structure according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 49 is a configuration diagram of a memory cell array having a 1T1R structure according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 50 is a configuration diagram of a memory cell array having a 1T1R structure according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 51A is an equivalent circuit diagram of a memory cell array unit located near the write circuit in the memory cell array having the 1T1R structure according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 51B is an equivalent circuit diagram of a memory cell array unit located at the far end of the write circuit in the memory cell array having the 1T1R structure according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1A is a diagram showing a three-dimensional structure of a memory cell array having a so-called single-layer cross-point structure.
- a memory cell 51 a word line (for example, a second layer wiring) 52 wired in parallel in any one direction and in parallel, and a bit line (wired in many directions in one direction so as to cross the word line 52)
- a first layer wiring 53 is shown.
- a memory cell 51 is configured by being sandwiched between the bit line 53 and the word line 52 at each intersection of the word line 52 and the bit line 53.
- FIG. 1B is a diagram showing a three-dimensional structure of a memory cell array having a so-called multilayer cross-point structure.
- the bit line 53 is arranged in the first wiring layer (first layer bit line 53a), and the word line 52 is arranged in the second wiring layer so as to intersect the bit line 53 on the upper layer (first layer bit line 53a).
- the bit line 53 is arranged in the third wiring layer (second layer bit line 53b) so as to intersect with the word line 52, and further intersected with the bit line 53 in the upper layer.
- the word line 52 is arranged in the fourth wiring layer (second layer word line 52b), and further, the bit line 53 is arranged in the fifth wiring layer so as to intersect the word line 52 (third layer bit line).
- the structure is shown stacked several times in the form of line 53c).
- a memory cell 51 is configured by being sandwiched between the bit line 53 and the word line 52 at each intersection of the word line 52 and the bit line 53.
- the non-volatile memory device having a cross-point structure has a simple structure in which memory cells are formed at the intersections of wirings, and further, by stacking them in the vertical direction, memory cells per unit area without depending on miniaturization. This is known as a structure suitable for high integration.
- FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional configuration diagram of a memory cell 51 used in a nonvolatile memory device having a cross-point structure.
- the memory cell 51 has a configuration in which the resistance change element 10 and the current control element 20 are connected in series, and constitutes one bit.
- the resistance change element 10 includes, for example, an oxygen-deficient tantalum oxide (TaO x , 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2.5)) formed on the lower electrode 14 made of tantalum nitride (TaN) as a first resistance change layer.
- (First region constituting the resistance change layer) 13 is laminated, and the upper interface is irradiated with oxygen plasma at 300 ° C., 200 W, 20 seconds, and TaO y having a higher oxygen concentration than TaO x (x ⁇ y)
- the second variable resistance layer 12 (second region forming the variable resistance layer) 12 is formed thin, and the upper electrode 11 formed of platinum (Pt) is laminated on the upper layer.
- the oxygen-deficient type usually has a lesser amount of oxygen than the metal oxide composition (Ta 2 O 5 in the case of tantalum), which is a stoichiometric composition showing insulating properties, and exhibits semiconductor-like electrical characteristics. This refers to the composition state of the metal oxide.
- the upper electrode 11 serving as an electrode in contact with the second resistance change layer 12 uses platinum (Pt), the material (here, tantalum (Ta)) constituting the first resistance change layer 13 and the lower part It is desirable to use a material (Pt, Ir, etc.) higher than the standard electrode potential of the material constituting the electrode 14 (here, tantalum nitride (TaN)) because a good resistance change operation can be obtained.
- the resistance change is in contact with the upper electrode 11 made of platinum (Pt), and the second resistance change made of TaO y having a higher oxygen concentration. Occurs in layer 12.
- the resistance change element 10 changes to a high resistance state, and conversely, the voltage of the lower electrode 14 is changed from the voltage of the upper electrode 11.
- the resistance change element 10 changes to a low resistance state.
- variable resistance element 10 is as follows.
- the resistance change layer (the layer constituted by the first resistance change layer 13 and the second resistance change layer 12) is interposed between the lower electrode 14 and the upper electrode 11, and the lower electrode 14 and the upper electrode 11 It is a layer whose resistance value reversibly changes based on an electrical signal applied between the two. For example, it is a layer that reversibly transitions between a high resistance state and a low resistance state in accordance with the polarity of the voltage applied between the lower electrode 14 and the upper electrode 11.
- the resistance change layer is formed by laminating at least two layers of a first resistance change layer 13 connected to the lower electrode 14 and a second resistance change layer 12 connected to the upper electrode 11.
- the first resistance change layer 13 is composed of an oxygen-deficient first metal oxide
- the second resistance change layer 12 is a second metal oxide having a lower degree of oxygen deficiency than the first metal oxide. It consists of things.
- a minute local region in which the degree of oxygen deficiency reversibly changes in accordance with the application of an electric pulse is formed.
- the local region is considered to include a filament composed of oxygen defect sites.
- Oxygen deficiency refers to an oxide having a stoichiometric composition (the stoichiometric composition having the highest resistance value in the case where there are a plurality of stoichiometric compositions) in a metal oxide. Is the ratio of oxygen deficiency to the amount of oxygen constituting. A metal oxide having a stoichiometric composition is more stable and has a higher resistance value than a metal oxide having another composition.
- the oxide having the stoichiometric composition according to the above definition is Ta 2 O 5 , and can be expressed as TaO 2.5 .
- the oxygen excess metal oxide has a negative oxygen deficiency.
- the oxygen deficiency is described as including a positive value, 0, and a negative value.
- An oxide with a low degree of oxygen deficiency has a high resistance value because it is closer to a stoichiometric oxide, and an oxide with a high degree of oxygen deficiency has a low resistance value because it is closer to the metal constituting the oxide.
- Oxygen content is the ratio of oxygen atoms to the total number of atoms.
- the oxygen content of Ta 2 O 5 is the ratio of oxygen atoms to the total number of atoms (O / (Ta + O)), which is 71.4 atm%. Therefore, the oxygen-deficient tantalum oxide has an oxygen content greater than 0 and less than 71.4 atm%.
- the oxygen content has a corresponding relationship with the degree of oxygen deficiency. That is, when the oxygen content of the second metal oxide is greater than the oxygen content of the first metal oxide, the oxygen deficiency of the second metal oxide is greater than the oxygen deficiency of the first metal oxide. small.
- the metal constituting the resistance change layer may be a metal other than tantalum.
- a metal constituting the variable resistance layer a transition metal or aluminum (Al) can be used.
- the transition metal tantalum (Ta), titanium (Ti), hafnium (Hf), zirconium (Zr), niobium (Nb), tungsten (W), nickel (Ni), or the like can be used. Since transition metals can take a plurality of oxidation states, different resistance states can be realized by oxidation-reduction reactions.
- the composition of the first metal oxide when used, when the composition of the first metal oxide is HfO x , x is 0.9 or more and 1.6 or less, and the composition of the second metal oxide is HfO y When y is larger than the value of x, the resistance value of the resistance change layer can be stably changed at high speed.
- the thickness of the second metal oxide may be 3 to 4 nm.
- the composition of the first metal oxide is ZrO x
- x is 0.9 or more and 1.4 or less
- the composition of the second metal oxide is ZrO y
- the resistance value of the resistance change layer can be stably changed at high speed.
- the thickness of the second metal oxide may be 1 to 5 nm.
- a different metal may be used for the first metal constituting the first metal oxide and the second metal constituting the second metal oxide.
- the second metal oxide may have a lower degree of oxygen deficiency than the first metal oxide, that is, may have a higher resistance.
- the standard electrode potential of the second metal may be lower than the standard electrode potential of the first metal.
- the standard electrode potential represents a characteristic that the higher the value is, the more difficult it is to oxidize. Thereby, an oxidation-reduction reaction easily occurs in the second metal oxide having a relatively low standard electrode potential. Note that the resistance change phenomenon is caused by a change in the filament (conducting path) caused by an oxidation-reduction reaction in a minute local region formed in the second metal oxide having a high resistance. Degree) is considered to change.
- metal oxide Al 2 O 3
- Al 2 O 3 aluminum oxide
- oxygen-deficient tantalum oxide (TaO x ) may be used for the first metal oxide
- aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) may be used for the second metal oxide.
- the resistance change phenomenon in the variable resistance layer of the laminated structure is that a redox reaction occurs in a small local region formed in the second metal oxide having a high resistance, and a filament (conductive path) in the local region. It is considered that the resistance value is changed by changing.
- the upper electrode 11 connected to the second metal oxide having a lower oxygen deficiency is a metal constituting the second metal oxide, such as platinum (Pt), iridium (Ir), palladium (Pd), or the like.
- the standard electrode potential is made of a material higher than that of the material constituting the lower electrode 14.
- the lower electrode 14 connected to the first metal oxide having a higher oxygen deficiency is, for example, tungsten (W), nickel (Ni), tantalum (Ta), titanium (Ti), aluminum (Al).
- Tantalum nitride (TaN), titanium nitride (TiN), and the like may be made of a material having a lower standard electrode potential than the metal constituting the first metal oxide.
- the standard electrode potential represents a characteristic that the higher the value is, the more difficult it is to oxidize.
- the standard electrode potential V2 of the second electrode, the standard electrode potential Vr2 of the metal constituting the second metal oxide, the standard electrode potential Vr1 of the metal constituting the first metal oxide, the standard of the first electrode between the electrode potential V1, V r2 ⁇ V 2, and may satisfy V 1 ⁇ V 2 the relationship. Furthermore, V2> Vr2 and Vr1 ⁇ V1 may be satisfied.
- the current control element 20 is a diode element having nonlinear current-voltage characteristics in both positive and negative directions of the applied voltage.
- the current control layer 22 made of nitrogen-deficient silicon nitride is made of tantalum nitride (TaN) or the like. It has a structure in which the lower electrode 23 and the upper electrode 21 are sandwiched (MSM structure).
- the nitrogen-deficient silicon nitride refers to silicon nitride having a nitrogen amount smaller than that of silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ) having a stoichiometric composition and exhibiting semiconductor characteristics.
- the bidirectionally non-linear current-voltage characteristics indicate that the current control element 20 is in a high resistance (off) state in a predetermined voltage range, and has a low resistance in a region where the voltage is higher and lower than the predetermined voltage range. Indicates the (ON) state. That is, the current control element 20 exhibits a high resistance (off) state when the absolute value of the applied voltage is equal to or less than a predetermined value, and the current control element 20 exhibits a low resistance (on) state when greater than the predetermined value.
- the memory cell 51 shown in FIG. 2 is a memory cell in which the resistance change element 10 and the current control element 20 are connected in series using the via 32.
- the upper electrode 11 of the resistance change element 10 and the upper wiring 70 are connected by the via 31, while the lower electrode 23 of the current control element 20 is connected by the via 33.
- a lower wiring 71 (corresponding to the bit line 53 or the word line 52) is connected.
- the relationship between the current control element 20 and the resistance change element 10 may be upside down.
- the memory cell 51 may have a structure in which the via 32 is omitted as shown in FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a cross-sectional structure of a memory cell 51 constituting a resistance change type nonvolatile memory device having a cross-point structure in which a via 32 between the resistance change element 10 and the current control element 20 is removed.
- the memory cell 51 includes, for example, a first electrode 23 made of tantalum nitride (TaN), a current control layer 22 made of nitrogen-deficient silicon nitride, a second electrode 21 made of TaN, and an oxygen-deficient tantalum oxide.
- TaO y (x ⁇ y) having a higher oxygen concentration than TaO x formed by oxidizing the first resistance change layer 13 and the first resistance change layer 13 made of a material (TaO x ) in an oxygen plasma atmosphere.
- a third electrode 11 made of platinum (Pt) are sequentially stacked.
- a lower wiring 71 made of aluminum (Al) is disposed below the memory cell 51, and the lower wiring 71 and the first electrode 23 of the memory cell 51 are connected by a first via 33.
- an upper wiring 70 made of aluminum (Al) is disposed above the memory cell 51, and the upper wiring 70 and the third electrode 11 of the memory cell 51 are connected by a third via 31.
- the lower wiring 71 and the upper wiring 70 are arranged so as to be orthogonal to each other.
- the first electrode 23, the current control layer 22 and the second electrode 21 constitute the current control element 20, while the second electrode 21 and the first resistor
- the variable resistance layer 10, the second variable resistance layer 12, and the third electrode 11 constitute the variable resistance element 10.
- the memory cell 51 is connected in series with the resistance change element 10 that reversibly changes at least two states of a low resistance state and a high resistance state by applying voltages of different polarities.
- Current control element 20 is connected in series with the resistance change element 10 that reversibly changes at least two states of a low resistance state and a high resistance state by applying voltages of different polarities.
- the second electrode 21 also serves as one of the resistance change element 10 and the current control element 20.
- the resistance change is tantalum, which is the constituent material of the first resistance change layer 13, and the second electrode corresponding to the lower electrode of the resistance change element 10.
- the first resistance change layer 13 is in contact with a third electrode made of a material (here, platinum (Pt)) having a standard electrode potential higher than any standard electrode potential of TaN which is a constituent material of the electrode 21. It occurs in the second resistance change layer 12 composed of TaO y having a higher oxygen concentration.
- the resistance change element 10 changes in the direction of increasing resistance, and conversely, the voltage of the lower wiring 71 is higher than the voltage of the upper wiring 70 by a predetermined value.
- the resistance change element 10 changes in the direction of decreasing resistance. That is, in the resistance change element 10, the second electrode 21, the third electrode 11, and the first resistance change layer 13 and the second resistance change layer 12 sandwiched therebetween are sequentially arranged in the Z direction (stacking direction).
- the structure viewed from the second electrode 21 in the direction of the third electrode 11 and the structure viewed from the third electrode 11 in the direction of the second electrode 21 are asymmetrical, and a predetermined voltage is applied to the third electrode 11 with respect to the second electrode 21.
- a predetermined voltage is applied to the third electrode 11 with respect to the second electrode 21.
- FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram showing a connection relationship corresponding to the structure of the resistance change element 10 in FIG. 3, that is, an equivalent circuit diagram corresponding to the memory cell 51.
- the equivalent circuit diagram of the variable resistance element 10 the direction of the second variable resistance layer 12 located on the upper electrode 11 side is clearly shown, and the direction is shown in black.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional configuration diagram (configuration corresponding to one bit) of a so-called 1T1R type memory cell 55 in which a resistance change element 10 and an NMOS transistor 15 which is a selection transistor (that is, an example of a switch element) are connected in series. is there.
- the resistance change element 10 includes a lower electrode 14, a low-resistance first tantalum oxide layer (TaO x , 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2.5) composed of an oxygen-deficient Ta oxide. ) 13, a high-resistance second tantalum oxide layer (TaO y , x ⁇ y) 12 and the upper electrode 11 are stacked.
- the upper electrode 11 and the upper wiring 70 (source line) of the resistance change element 10 are connected by the via 31, while the lower electrode 14 and the lower wiring 73 are connected by the via 32, and the lower wiring 73 is further connected by the contact 34.
- the drain (N + diffusion) region of the NMOS transistor 15 is connected to the upper layer wiring 71a (bit line) via the wiring layers 74 and 75 by the contact 35 and the vias 36 and 37.
- the gate terminal of the NMOS transistor 15 is connected to the polysilicon wiring 76 (word line), and the substrate is connected to the ground potential.
- the high resistance second resistance change layer 12 is disposed on the upper electrode 11 side opposite to the NMOS transistor 15.
- the resistance change occurs in the second resistance change layer 12 made of TaO y having a higher oxygen concentration in contact with the upper electrode 11.
- the resistance change element 10 changes to a high resistance state, and conversely, the voltage of the lower electrode 14 is applied higher than the voltage of the upper electrode 11 by a predetermined voltage or higher. In this case, the resistance change element 10 changes to a low resistance state.
- FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram showing a connection relationship corresponding to the structure of the resistance change element 10 in FIG. 5, that is, an equivalent circuit diagram corresponding to the memory cell 55.
- the equivalent circuit diagram of the variable resistance element 10 the direction of the second variable resistance layer 12 located on the upper electrode 11 side is clearly shown, and the direction is shown in black.
- FIG. 7 shows the voltage applied to the memory cell 51 and the memory cell when the voltage is applied to the memory cell 51 having the structure of FIG. 2 with the polarity at which the upper wiring 70 has a higher voltage than the lower wiring 71 being positive.
- 51 is a characteristic diagram obtained by actually measuring the relationship with the current flowing through 51 (that is, resistance change characteristics or IV characteristics).
- the memory cell 51 is in a high resistance state.
- a negative voltage in which the lower wiring 71 is higher in potential than the upper wiring 70 is gradually applied to the memory cell 51 from an applied voltage of 0 V, a current flows from around ⁇ 2.5 V (point C).
- the resistance change element 10 starts to change from the high resistance state to the low resistance state at around -3.0V. Further, although the voltage is applied up to -4.0 V (point A), the resistance is rapidly decreasing according to the applied voltage. Thereafter, the voltage is gradually applied until the applied voltage becomes 0 V while in the low resistance state.
- the actual measurement data shown in FIG. 7 changes to the low resistance state when the voltage of the lower wiring 71 is higher than the predetermined voltage VLR with respect to the voltage of the upper wiring 70 for the memory cell 51 having the structure of FIG.
- a bidirectional resistance change characteristic that changes to a high resistance state when the voltage of the upper wiring 70 becomes higher than a predetermined voltage VHR with respect to the voltage of the lower wiring 71 is shown, and the applied voltage (point A) in the low resistance state And the change start voltage (point B) to the high resistance state are in a substantially symmetrical voltage and current relationship. Therefore, it is necessary to drive with higher current than the lower resistance with the same or higher current.
- the resistance value in the low resistance state is a current value that flows through the resistance change element 10 at a predetermined voltage that can change the resistance of the resistance change element 10 when the memory cell 51 is changed from the high resistance state to the low resistance state. It changes to a low resistance value according to the magnitude of.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a resistance change characteristic (IV characteristic) of the resistance change element 10.
- the horizontal axis represents the voltage applied to both ends of the resistance change element 10, and the vertical axis represents the current flowing through the resistance change element 10 when a voltage is applied to both ends of the resistance change element 10.
- the characteristics are characteristic lines BH to B0 to A0 when the applied voltage exceeds ⁇ VR with reference to the lower electrode 14.
- the resistance change starts and the current flowing through the element increases.
- the resistance value of the resistance change element 10 changes in accordance with the amount of current flowing through the element so that the magnitude of the voltage between the terminals is constant
- a low resistance value having a slope of the characteristic of LR2 is set, and when a maximum current of ⁇
- the resistance change start point from the low resistance state (LR1, LR2, LR3) to the high resistance state becomes the B1 point which is symmetrical with respect to the voltage and current of the A1 point set to the low resistance in the LR1 state, and in the LR2 state.
- the point B2 is symmetrical with respect to the voltage and current at the point A2 set to low resistance
- the point B3 is symmetrical to the origin with respect to the voltage and current at the point A3 set to low resistance in the LR3 state.
- a predetermined low resistance state is obtained by limiting the current with a predetermined current value in the low resistance, while a low resistance is achieved in the high resistance. It is necessary to apply a reverse voltage and drive more current than when the resistance is reduced.
- the points C and D correspond to the total voltage of the threshold voltage of the current control element 20 and the resistance change voltage of the resistance change element 10.
- a voltage higher than the total voltage is applied to selected memory cells, and an unselected memory cell is controlled to have an operating point between points C and D. It is desirable to perform read and write operations on a memory cell array having a cross-point structure while reducing leakage current to unselected memory cells.
- FIG. 9 shows an example of a memory cell array configuration diagram in which memory cells 51 are arranged in a matrix as in FIG.
- n wirings WL1 to WLn are arranged in parallel, and for the bit line 25, m wirings BL1 to BLm orthogonal to the word line 24 in a non-contact (stereoscopic) manner are arranged. They are arranged in parallel.
- the memory cell 51 in which the resistance change element 10 and the current control element 29 are connected in series is located at each intersection of the word line 24 and the bit line 25, and one end of the resistance change element 10 is connected to the corresponding word line 24.
- One end of the current control element 29 is connected to the corresponding bit line 25. That is, the memory cell array 1 of FIG. 9 has n ⁇ m memory cells in which n memory cells 51 are arranged in the direction of the bit line 25 and m memory cells 51 are arranged in the direction of the word line 24. 51 (m> n).
- the leakage current flowing through the non-selected memory cells is smaller in proportion to the size of the memory cell array.
- the memory cell array is square and small in size, but such a small size and square bit shape memory.
- row and column decoder circuits and driver circuits are required for each memory cell array.
- the area of the peripheral circuit in the semiconductor chip on which the variable resistance nonvolatile memory device is mounted increases.
- a plurality of memory cell arrays having a rectangular shape are arranged as an array shape for reducing the overhead of the peripheral circuit to prevent an increase in area and suppressing an increase in the size of the memory cell array.
- a configuration is considered preferred.
- FIG. 10 illustrates the development of the memory cell array 1 shown in FIG. 9 into an array equivalent circuit, in which selected memory cells and unselected memory cells formed between the selected bit line and the selected word line are used as a reference. It is the block diagram which expressed the connection relation typically. That is, FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining the configuration of FIG. 9 divided into a selected memory cell 30 and a non-selected memory cell group in the equivalent circuit of FIG.
- the selected memory cell 30 in FIG. 9 is connected to the selected bit line BL1 and the selected word line WL1.
- the selected memory cell 30 has one end connected to the selected bit line BL1 and the other end connected to the selected word line WL1.
- a number of other unselected memory cells include (1) (n ⁇ 1) first unselected memory cell groups 190 in which one end of the memory cell 51 is connected to the selected bit line BL1, and (2) the memory cell 51 (M-1) third unselected memory cell groups 192 having one end connected to the selected word line WL1, and (3) memory of the first unselected memory cell group 190 via a number of unselected word line groups. (N ⁇ 1) ⁇ (m ⁇ 1) connected to the other end of the cell 51 and connected to the other end of the memory cell 51 of the third unselected memory cell group 192 via a number of unselected bit line groups. ) Second unselected memory cell group 191.
- the other end of one memory cell 51 in the first unselected memory cell group 190 is connected to one end of the memory cell 51 in the (m ⁇ 1) second unselected memory cell group 191.
- the other end of one memory cell 51 in the third unselected memory cell group 192 is connected to the other end of the memory cells 51 in the (n ⁇ 1) second unselected memory cell group 191.
- the state in which one memory cell 51 of the first unselected memory cell group 190 and (m ⁇ 1) memory cells 51 of the second unselected memory cell group 191 are connected is the first unselected memory cell group 190. Since there are a plurality of similar relationships between the second unselected memory cell group 191 and the second unselected memory cell group 191, each node of the unselected word line group has substantially the same voltage.
- the state in which one memory cell 51 of the third non-selected memory cell group 192 and (n ⁇ 1) memory cells 51 of the second non-selected memory cell group 191 are connected is the third non-selected memory cell. Since there are a plurality of similar relationships between the group 192 and the second unselected memory cell group 191, each node of the unselected bit line group has substantially the same voltage.
- FIG. 10 shows an equivalent circuit degenerated in this manner.
- one end of the selected memory cell 30 is connected to the selected bit line BL1, and the other end is connected to the selected word line WL1.
- the first non-selected memory cell 193 is equivalent to the first non-selected memory cell group 190, and the number of parallel is (n ⁇ 1).
- the second non-selected memory cell 194 is equivalent to the second non-selected memory cell group 191 and has a parallel number of (n ⁇ 1) ⁇ (m ⁇ 1).
- the third non-selected memory cell 195 is equivalent to the third non-selected memory cell group 192, and the number of parallel is (m ⁇ 1).
- the first unselected memory cell 193, the second unselected memory cell 194, and the third unselected memory cell 195 are connected in series.
- the other terminal of the first unselected memory cell 193 not connected to the second unselected memory cell 194 is connected to the selected bit line BL1, and the other terminal of the third unselected memory cell 195 not connected to the second unselected memory cell 194 is connected.
- a terminal is connected to the selected word line WL1.
- An intermediate node connecting the first unselected memory cell 193 and the second unselected memory cell 194 is an unselected word line NSWL, and an intermediate node connecting the second unselected memory cell 194 and the third unselected memory cell 195 is an intermediate node.
- the non-selected bit line NSBL is used.
- an equivalent circuit showing the relationship between the selected memory cell and the non-selected memory cell in the memory cell array 1 having the cross-point structure shown in FIG. 9 is as shown in FIG.
- the write characteristics of an arbitrary selected memory cell in the memory cell array having a cross-point structure will be described with respect to the IV characteristics of the selected memory cells as well as the IV characteristics of the so-called leakage current flowing through the non-selected memory cells.
- the description of the IV characteristic for such a memory cell array will be made using the equivalent circuit of FIG. 11 for simplification in the future.
- FIG. 12 shows the memory cell array equivalent circuit of FIG. 11 in which the selected memory cell 30 of 1 bit is lowered when the unselected word line and the unselected bit line are in a high impedance state (hereinafter referred to as Hi-z state). It is a state block diagram which shows the state about the case where it writes in a resistance (LR) state.
- Hi-z state a high impedance state
- a write power source 197 is a power source that generates a voltage (write voltage) VPP at the time of writing. In this selected state, its output terminal is electrically connected to the selected bit line BL1.
- a ground (GND) voltage of 0 V is electrically connected to the selected word line WL1, and a non-selected word line (WL) group connecting the first unselected memory cell 193 and the second unselected memory cell 194 is connected to the selected word line WL1.
- the state is Hi-z, and the state of the non-selected bit line (BL) group connecting the second non-selected memory cell 194 and the third non-selected memory cell 195 is also Hi-z.
- one end of the memory cell 30 is connected to the selected bit line BL1, and the other end is connected to the selected word line WL1.
- the write voltage VPP from the write power supply 197 is applied to the selected bit line BL1 in FIG. 12, and the GND potential is applied to the selected word line WL1.
- an LR current Isel flows from the selected bit line BL1 toward the selected word line WL1 in the selected memory cell 30, and a current Ib_nw flowing from the selected bit line BL1 flows in the first unselected memory cell 193.
- a current Inw_w that flows out to the selected word line WL1 flows through the second unselected memory cell 194 and the third unselected memory cell 195.
- the current Ipp flowing out from the write power source 197 is expressed by the following formula 1
- the current Iswl flowing into the GND terminal is expressed by the following formula 2.
- Ipp Isel + Ib_nw Equation 1
- Iswl Isel + Inw_w Equation 2
- FIG. 13 shows voltage-current characteristics (IV characteristics) at the time of writing with low resistance (LR) in the case of the array scale.
- the horizontal axis represents the voltage applied to each memory cell
- the vertical axis represents the current flowing through each memory cell.
- the current Ib_nw (black triangle) flowing through the first unselected memory cell 193, the second unselected memory cell 194, and the third unselected memory cell 195 flow.
- a total of three characteristic lines relating to the current Inw_w black triangle
- the magnitude of the current is Ihz.
- the write efficiency K is expressed by the following equation.
- each memory cell 51 has the same configuration as that shown in FIG. 4, and is arranged in a matrix at the intersections of the word lines 24 and the bit lines 25.
- the word lines 24 are arranged with n pieces of WL0 to WL (n ⁇ 1) parallel to the X direction, and the bit line 25 has m pieces of BL0 to BL (m ⁇ 1) parallel and orthogonal to the word line 24.
- a memory cell array 1 is configured by arranging memory cells 51 at the intersections of the word lines 24 and the bit lines 25 arranged in the Y direction.
- the memory cell array 1 is logically connected to a first memory cell group that is composed of memory cells connected to a certain bit for the purpose of data storage, and to the first memory cell group.
- a first memory cell is formed of memory cells connected to other bit lines (A bit lines) connected to the same word lines WL0 to WL (n-1) as the word lines WL0 to WL (n-1). 2 memory cell groups.
- a bit lines bit lines
- 2 memory cell groups In such a configuration, a case will be described in which writing is simultaneously performed on a plurality of memory cells located at intersections of a plurality ((A + 1)) selected bit lines and one selected word line.
- a ground (GND) voltage is applied to WL1 as a selected word line from the word line write circuit 1502, and a selected bit line selected for storing data is stored in at least one BL0.
- VPP write voltage
- the memory cell 260 located at the intersection of the selected word line WL1 and the selected bit line BL0 is used for data storage (for the purpose of data storage).
- a memory cell that is, a memory cell belonging to the first memory cell group 1500 is selected and writing is performed.
- 7 bit (an example of A selected bit lines) of BL1 to BL7 is simultaneously used as a selected bit line selected for storing data or executing a write operation not intended for storing data.
- the 7-bit memory cells 261 to 267 located at the intersections of the selected word line WL1 and the selected bit lines BL1 to BL7 are used for data storage or data storage when the VPP power supply is applied from the second bit line write circuit 1504.
- the selected memory cell is selected as a memory cell for write operation (that is, a memory cell belonging to the second memory cell group 1501), and the same write operation as that of the selected memory cell 260 is performed.
- the “memory cell for data storage” is a memory cell used for data storage and has a data holding function.
- a “memory cell not intended for data storage” is not a memory cell used for data storage, but merely a memory cell to which data is written and does not necessarily have a data holding function.
- the “memory cell not intended for data storage” always has the same data (“1 (low resistance state)” or “0 (high resistance state) for a certain number (for example, 8 bits) of memory cells”. ) ”) Is used as a dummy when writing.
- the selected memory cell 126 of this example only represents an example of the 8-bit selected memory cells 260 to 267 selected at the same time, and therefore the selected memory cell 126 is connected to one selected word line WL1.
- This is an example of a collection of memory cells when eight memory cells located at the intersections of the selected bit lines BL0 to BL7 are selected, and need not necessarily be adjacent memory cells.
- the write power source 197 is a power source that generates a voltage (write voltage) VPP at the time of writing.
- the first bit line selection circuit (not shown) between the bit line write circuit 1503 and BL0 and the second bit line selection between the second bit line write circuit 1504 and BL1 to BL7 Through a circuit (not shown), the write power supply 197 that generates the voltage VPP is electrically connected to the eight selected bit lines BL0 to BL7.
- the first bit line selection circuit is a circuit that selects one bit line of the first memory cell group as the first bit line.
- the second bit line selection circuit is a circuit that selects A (A is an integer of 1 or more) bit lines of the second memory cell group as second bit lines.
- a ground (GND) voltage of 0 V is electrically connected to one selected word line WL1 via a word line write circuit 1502 and a word line selection circuit (not shown).
- the other non-selected bit lines and the non-selected word lines are electrically interrupted by the first bit line selection circuit, the second bit line selection circuit, and the word line selection circuit, respectively.
- Hi-z state. That is, the first bit line selection circuit and the second bit line selection circuit bring the unselected bit lines into a high impedance state.
- the word selection circuit is a circuit that selects one word line as a selected word line for the memory cell array and places other unselected word lines in a high impedance state.
- the write voltage VPP is applied to one terminal connected to the current control element 29 among the two terminals of each selected memory cell, and the GND voltage is applied to the other terminal connected to the resistance change element 10.
- the low-resistance writing action is performed simultaneously for 8 bits.
- the plurality of selected bit lines are electrically grounded.
- a low voltage such as (GND) voltage
- a high voltage such as the write voltage VPP
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing the concept.
- first memory cell group 1500 when writing to one bit (first memory cell group 1500) of a write target memory cell, memory cells on the same word line are used.
- 7 shows a state in which a write action is performed on 7 bits (second memory cell group 1501) under the same bias condition as that of a 1-bit write target memory cell. Therefore, a plurality of selected memory cells that perform a write action may be selected separately if they are on the same word line.
- first bit line selection circuit and the second bit line selection circuit play the same role as the NMOS transistors TS0_0_0 to TS0_0_m-1 which are first selection elements in the first selection circuit S0_0 of FIG. Circuit.
- the inventors of the present invention have found that such multi-bit simultaneous writing connected on the same word line is a writing technique capable of realizing high writing efficiency.
- the selected memory cell 260 has one terminal connected to the selected word line WL1 and the other terminal connected to the selected bit line BL0.
- the second selected memory cell 261 has one terminal connected to the selected word line WL1 and the other terminal connected to the selected bit line BL1.
- the seventh selected memory cell 266 has one terminal connected to the selected word line WL1 and the other terminal connected to the selected bit line BL6.
- the eighth selected memory cell 267 has one terminal connected to the selected word line WL1 and the other terminal connected to the selected bit line BL7.
- the tenth non-selected memory cell 930 has one terminal connected to the non-selected word line group NW and the other terminal connected to the selected bit line BL0.
- the eleventh unselected memory cell 931 has one terminal connected to the unselected word line group NW and the other terminal connected to the selected bit line BL1.
- the sixteenth unselected memory cell 936 has one terminal connected to the unselected word line group NW and the other terminal connected to the selected bit line BL6.
- the seventeenth unselected memory cell 937 has one terminal connected to the unselected word line group NW and the other terminal connected to the selected bit line BL7.
- the second non-selected memory cell 194 is a memory cell configured between the non-selected WL group and the non-selected BL group.
- the third non-selected memory cell 195 is a memory cell configured between the non-selected BL group and the selected word line WL1.
- the number of objects of the second unselected memory cell 194 and the third unselected memory cell 195 is slightly changed according to the number of selected memory cells.
- the write power supply 197 is electrically connected to each of the selected bit lines BL0 to BL7.
- the selected word line WL1 is electrically connected to a ground (GND) power supply (0V).
- the unselected bit lines (corresponding to the unselected BL group in FIG. 15) and the unselected word lines (corresponding to the unselected WL group in FIG. 15) are in a high impedance (Hi-z) state.
- FIG. 16A is a characteristic diagram at the time of 1-bit writing, which is the same as FIG.
- FIG. 16B the total (corresponding to Ib_nw ⁇ 8) of the currents Ib_nw0 to Ib_nw7 flowing through the tenth to seventeenth unselected memory cells 930 to 937 at the time of 8-bit simultaneous writing is added to FIG.
- FIG. 16B the total (corresponding to Ib_nw ⁇ 8) of the currents Ib_nw0 to Ib_nw7 flowing through the tenth to seventeenth unselected memory cells 930 to 937 at the time of 8-bit simultaneous writing is added to FIG.
- the horizontal axis represents the voltage applied to each memory cell
- the vertical axis represents the current flowing through each memory cell
- the selected memory cell 30 15 corresponds to each of selected memory cells 260 to 267) (Isel (corresponding to each of Isel0 to Isel7) with Isel (i is an integer from 0 to 7) in FIG. 15), 10th to 17th.
- Current Ib_nw black triangle, Ib_nwi (i is an integer from 0 to 7) in FIG.
- the ratio of the current Isela flowing through the selected memory cell, that is, the write efficiency K is about 25% in the example of FIG.
- the operating voltage at the NW point at this time is Vnwa.
- the write voltage VPP is applied from the write power source 197 for each selected bit line.
- a current flows through the tenth to seventeenth groups of unselected memory cells 930 to 937 to the unselected WL group, and the total sum is eight times that of 1-bit writing. Accordingly, a current (Ib_nw ⁇ 8 shown in (ii) of FIG. 16B) that flows by multiplying Ib_nw of the current (i) at the time of 1-bit writing by 8 flows to the NW point, so the characteristic line shown in FIG.
- An intersection (operating point 2 at the NW point) between (ii) and the current Inw_w flowing through the second unselected memory cell 194 and the third unselected memory cell 195 becomes an operating point at the time of 8-bit simultaneous writing.
- the current concentrated at the NW point at this time is Ihz8, and the voltage at the NW point at this time rises to Vnwi (Vnwi> Vnwa).
- Each current Ib_nw0 to Ib_nw7 flowing through the 10th to 17th unselected memory cells 930 to 937 connected to each bit line at the time of 8-bit simultaneous writing corresponds to a current when the voltage at the NW point is Vnwi, and thus becomes Ib_nwi. That is, the current Ib_nwa at the time of 1-bit writing decreases to Ib_nwi by performing 8-bit simultaneous writing.
- the write efficiency K Iseli / (Iseli + Ib_nwi)
- the write efficiency for one selected memory cell is about 25% at the time of 1-bit write and about 50% at the time of simultaneous write of 8 bits on the same word line.
- the method of simultaneously writing to a plurality of memory cells on the same word line can reduce the leakage current flowing through the non-selected memory cells at the time of writing, and further reduce the current consumption at the time of writing.
- the multi-bit simultaneous writing on the same word line has been described by taking the low-resistance writing of the selected memory cell as an example.
- the high-resistance is applied by applying a high voltage to the selected word line and a low voltage to the selected bit line. The same effect can be expected for writing.
- the characteristic of the resistance change element 10 of the memory cell 51 is that a predetermined current is supplied to the selected memory cell 51 in order to perform a resistance change operation to a stable low resistance state. It is important to control the current (current limit) so that the amount flows. In the case of voltage control, since the characteristics of the current control element 29 are non-linear and the current fluctuation with respect to the voltage fluctuation is extremely large, it is difficult to control the resistance value determined by the amount of current flowing.
- FIG. 17 shows a schematic diagram of the memory cell configuration of the memory cell array 1 when multi-bit simultaneous writing is performed by applying a constant current. Note that FIG. 17 shows the 8-bit simultaneous write state.
- FIG. 17 is different from the memory cell configuration schematic diagram of FIG. 14 in that the components connected to the selected bit lines BL0 to BL7 are different only in the portion where the write constant current sources 210a to 210h are inserted only from the write power source 197. Therefore, only the parts different from those in FIG.
- a ground (GND) voltage is applied to WL1 as a selected word line from the word line write circuit 1507, and at least one BL0 is a selected bit line selected to store data.
- Is applied from the first bit line write circuit 1508, and the memory cell 260 located at the intersection of the selected word line WL1 and the selected bit line BL0 is used for data storage (for the purpose of data storage).
- Is selected as a memory cell that is, a memory cell belonging to the first memory cell group 1505), and writing is executed.
- 7 bits an example of A selected bit lines
- BL1 to BL7 simultaneously write to the selected bit line selected to store data or execute a write operation not intended to store data.
- Ips1 to Ips7 are applied from the second bit line write circuit 1509, and 7-bit memory cells 261 to 267 located at the intersections of the selected word line WL1 and the selected bit lines BL1 to BL7 are used for data storage or data storage.
- Is selected as a memory cell for write operation that is, a memory cell belonging to the second memory cell group 1506), and the same write operation as that of the selected memory cell 260 is performed.
- At least one bit is used for data storage, and the other bits are written for the purpose of data storage or not. Therefore, 8 bits on the same word line are bits to be written (selected memory cells for 8 bits). 126).
- the selected memory cell 126 of this example only represents an example of the 8-bit selected memory cells 260 to 267 selected at the same time, and therefore the selected memory cell 126 is connected to one selected word line WL1.
- This is an example of a collection of memory cells when eight memory cells located at the intersections of the selected bit lines BL0 to BL7 are selected, and need not necessarily be adjacent memory cells.
- the constant current sources 210a to 210h for writing are power sources that generate currents (write currents) Ips0 to Ips7 at the time of writing.
- First bit line selection circuit (not shown) between the bit line write circuit 1508 and BL0 and second bit line selection between the second bit line write circuit 1509 and BL1 to BL7
- a current source that generates currents Ips0 to Ips7 is electrically connected to and applied to eight selected bit lines BL0 to BL7 via a circuit (not shown).
- a ground (GND) voltage of 0 V is electrically connected to one selected word line WL1 via a word line write circuit 1507 and a word line selection circuit (not shown), and the other non- The selected bit line and the unselected word line are electrically cut off by the word line selection circuit and are in a high impedance (Hi-z) state.
- the write currents Ips0 to Ips7 are applied from one terminal connected to the current control element 29, and the GND voltage is applied to the other terminal connected to the resistance change element 10.
- the low-resistance writing action is performed simultaneously for 8 bits.
- the plurality of selected bit lines are electrically sinked.
- a constant current and applying a high voltage such as the write voltage VPP electrically to one selected word line, an 8-bit simultaneous high resistance write operation can be performed.
- the configuration diagram shown in FIG. 17 is a diagram showing the concept.
- the memory cell 7 on the same word line is used.
- a state is shown in which a write operation is performed on a bit (second memory cell group) under the same bias condition as that of a 1-bit write target memory cell. Therefore, a plurality of selected memory cells that perform a write action may be selected separately if they are on the same word line.
- first bit line selection circuit and the second bit line selection circuit play the same role as the NMOS transistors TS0_0_0 to TS0_0_m-1, which are first selection elements in the first selection circuit S0_0 shown in FIG. Circuit.
- FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of the configuration of FIG. 17 expressed as a memory cell array equivalent circuit.
- FIG. 18 also differs from the memory cell array equivalent circuit of FIG. 15 in that the components connected to the selected bit lines BL0 to BL7 are different only in the portion where the write constant current source is inserted from only the write power supply 197.
- multi-bit simultaneous writing on the same word line has a higher writing efficiency than 1-bit writing, that is, the ratio of the current flowing to the selected memory cell in the current flowing to each selected bit line Therefore, when performing resistance-reduced writing whose resistance value is determined by the amount of flowing current by applying a constant current, it is expected that the set resistance value differs depending on the number of simultaneous writing bits.
- a write simulation using the memory cell array equivalent circuit of FIG. 18 was performed.
- the resistance value of the variable resistance element 10 is determined by the amount of current flowing through the variable resistance element 10 and VR (that is, A variable resistance element model such that the resistance value is VR / current amount is used.
- VR that is, A variable resistance element model such that the resistance value is VR / current amount is used.
- 19A and 19B are graphs showing the results.
- FIG. 19A is a graph showing the number of simultaneously written bits on the horizontal axis and the current flowing through the selected memory cell targeted for low resistance writing on the vertical axis. According to the graph of FIG. 19A, while the current flowing through the selected memory cell is Il1 in 1-bit writing, the cell current increases as the number of simultaneous writing bits on the same word line increases, and increases to Il8 in 8-bit simultaneous writing. is doing.
- FIG. 19B shows a graph of the low resistance setting value according to the calculation method from the current value of FIG. 19A.
- FIG. 19B is a graph in which the horizontal axis represents the number of simultaneous writing bits and the vertical axis represents the set resistance value of the resistance change element targeted for low resistance writing.
- the current flowing through the selected memory cell is 1 1 in 1-bit writing, but the voltage VR applied to the resistance change element does not reach the threshold voltage required for the resistance change, so that the resistance change (low resistance) Does not occur and becomes Rl1 corresponding to the high resistance (HR) state.
- the number of simultaneous writing bits is 2 bits or more, a resistance change (low resistance) of the resistance change element occurs.
- the set resistance value decreases as the number of simultaneous writing bits increases, and the resistance is reduced to Rl8 in simultaneous writing of 8 bits.
- the method of simultaneously writing to a plurality of memory cells on the same word line sets the resistance change element 10 in the selected memory cell to a low resistance state together with the aspect of the low power consumption effect due to the improvement of the writing efficiency. In this case, it is possible to efficiently set the resistance to be reduced (that is, to control the resistance value of the resistance change element 10 in the low resistance state).
- the following method can be considered as a driving method for simultaneously writing to a plurality of memory cells on the same word line.
- the memory cells constituting the memory cell array have two memory cell groups sharing a word line, that is, (i) a first memory cell group intended for data storage and (ii) intended for data storage.
- a first resistance state (a high resistance state / a low resistance state) with respect to a predetermined memory cell of the first memory cell group configuring the memory cell array. Resistance state)
- the first voltage or the first current is supplied to the selected word line by the word line write circuit
- the third voltage or the first current is written by the first bit line write circuit.
- a third current is supplied to one bit line of the first memory cell group, and a third voltage or a third current is supplied to the second memory cell group by the second bit line write circuit. Supply to A bit lines.
- the word line write circuit supplies a first voltage to one selected word line
- the first bit line write circuit and the second bit line write circuit apply to each selected bit line.
- writing is simultaneously performed in the first resistance state for a plurality of selected memory cells located at the intersections of the plurality of selected bit lines and one selected word line.
- the word line write circuit supplies a first voltage to one selected word line
- the first bit line write circuit and the second bit line write circuit supply a third current to each of the selected bit lines. Is supplied to the plurality of selected memory cells located at the intersections of the plurality of selected bit lines and one selected word line simultaneously in the first resistance state.
- the word line write circuit uses the second voltage or the second resistance state.
- the current is supplied to the selected word line, and the fourth voltage or the fourth current is supplied to one bit line of the first memory cell group in the first bit line write circuit, and the second The fourth voltage or the fourth current is supplied to the A bit lines of the second memory cell group.
- the word line write circuit supplies a second voltage to one selected word line
- the first bit line write circuit and the second bit line write circuit apply to each of the selected bit lines.
- a voltage of 4 By supplying a voltage of 4, a plurality of selected memory cells located at the intersections of the plurality of selected bit lines and one selected word line are simultaneously written in the second resistance state.
- the word line write circuit supplies a second voltage to one selected word line
- the first bit line write circuit and the second bit line write circuit supply a fourth current to each of the selected bit lines. Is supplied to the plurality of selected memory cells located at the intersections of the plurality of selected bit lines and one selected word line simultaneously in the second resistance state.
- the resistance value in the low resistance state of the variable resistance element can be set to a desired value by writing by applying a constant current to the memory cell.
- the first and second bit line write circuits apply substantially the same (substantially the same) level voltage.
- the first and second bit line write circuits preferably supply substantially the same (substantially the same) amount of current when a current is applied to each of the plurality of selected bit lines.
- FIG. 20 shows an example of a configuration diagram of a memory cell array in which memory cells 51 are arranged in a matrix as in FIG. 1A or FIG. 1B.
- the memory cell array shown in FIG. 20 includes n word lines WL0_0 to WL0_n ⁇ 1 driven by the word line driving circuit 40-1 and k ⁇ m bit lines BL0_0_0 to BL0_k ⁇ that intersect the word lines in a non-contact manner. 1_m ⁇ 1 and divided into k partitions (memory cell array partitions M0_0 to M0_k ⁇ 1) in the word line direction. In multi-bit simultaneous writing, one bit line is selected for each of the memory cell array partitions M0_0 to M0_k ⁇ 1, and simultaneous writing of a total of k bits is performed.
- the memory cell array partition M0_0 As a configuration of the memory cell array partitions M0_0 to M0_k-1, the memory cell array partition M0_0 will be described as an example as follows.
- the memory cell array section M0_0 has n word lines WL0_0 to WL0_n ⁇ 1 and m bit lines BL0_0_0 to BL0_0_m ⁇ 1.
- the memory cells 0_0_0_0 to 0_n-1_0_m ⁇ 1, in which the resistance change element 10 and the current control element 20 shown in FIG. 21A are connected in series, constituting the memory cell array section M0_0, are connected to the word lines WL0_0 to WL0_n ⁇ 1 and the bit lines.
- the subscript a is an identifier of a layer in the stacked structure
- the subscript b is a word line identifier
- the subscript c is a partition identifier
- the subscript d is a bit line identifier.
- word line WLa_b the subscript “a” is an identifier of the layer in the stacked structure
- the subscript “b” is an identifier of the word line.
- bit line BLa_b_c the subscript “a” is an identifier of a layer in the stacked structure
- the subscript “b” is a partition identifier
- the subscript “c” is a bit line identifier.
- the m bit lines BL0_0_m ⁇ 1 are respectively supplied to the first selection element in the first selection circuit S0_0 by the sub bit line selection control signal SL0 driven by the selection control line drive circuit 41.
- each of the m transfer gates TC0_0 to TC0_m-1 includes an NMOS transistor 16-1, a PMOS transistor 17-1, and a logic inversion gate 18, and each is a first selection element.
- NMOS transistors TS0_0_0 to TS0_0_m ⁇ 1 are selectively connected to the data line IO0.
- other memory cell array partitions M0_1 to M0_k-1 are connected to the memory cell array partition M0_0 in common with word lines, and the entire memory cell array has k bus width data lines IO0 to IOk-1. .
- the k write circuits 60-0 to 60-k-1 corresponding to each of the k memory cell array partitions M0_0 to M0_k-1 are connected to the memory cells via the data lines IO0 to IOk-1, respectively. Supply the voltage required for resistance change.
- the selection control line driving circuit 41 and the sub bit line selection control signal SL0 and the main bit so as to activate one bit line for each of the memory cell array sections M0_0 to M0_k ⁇ 1.
- Bit line selection control signals CS0 to CSm-1 are output and simultaneous writing of k bits is performed.
- the current limitation in reducing the resistance for performing a stable resistance changing operation is performed by using an NMOS transistor as a first selection element (in the case of the memory cell array section M0_0, NMOS transistors TS0_0_0 ⁇ Current control at TS0_0_m-1) (operating with a source follower) is important.
- current control in the NMOS transistors TS0_0_0 to TS0_0_m ⁇ 1 in the memory cell array section M0_0 will be described in detail.
- FIG. 22 shows operating points when the resistance is lowered by using the IV characteristics of the memory cells 0_0_0_0 to 0_n-1_0_m-1 and the NMOS transistors TS0_0_0 to TS0_0_m-1 shown by the IV characteristics of FIG.
- the selected word line is WL0_0
- the selected memory cells are memory cells 0_0_0_0 to 0_0_k-1_0.
- the voltage of the data lines IO0 to IOk-1 is set higher than the voltage of the word line WL0_0, so that the memory cell 51 having the structure of FIG.
- the voltage of the lower wiring 71 becomes higher than the predetermined voltage VLR, and the resistance change element 10 changes to a low resistance state.
- the IV characteristic of the memory cell 0_0_0_0 and the IV characteristic TSL1 of the NMOS transistor TS0_0_0 are balanced at the operating point A1, as shown in FIG. Based on the current amount at that point, the resistance value of the resistance change element 10 is determined as described with reference to FIG.
- the current supply capability of the NMOS transistor TS0_0_0 is reduced, its IV characteristic changes to a curve indicated by TSL2, the operating point shifts to A2, and the amount of current decreases, so that the resistance state is lower than that in the operating point A1.
- the NMOS transistor TS0_0_0 is operated as a source follower, thereby limiting the current in reducing the resistance.
- Multi-bit simultaneous writing is one of the effective methods for achieving both improvement of parallelism for improving the write transfer speed and stabilization of the resistance state.
- a problem caused by the wiring resistance of the word line in multi-bit simultaneous writing will be described.
- FIG. 23 shows an equivalent circuit of the memory cell array of FIG.
- the selected word line is the word line WL0_0, and nine selected memory cells (9 partitions are arranged uniformly) on the selected word line.
- “bundling two memory cells two by two” means that the resistance of the word line between the two memory cells is ignored (set to 0 ⁇ ). Such “bundling” is for the convenience of explanation using simulation described later, and does not limit the structure of the memory cell array included in the variable resistance nonvolatile memory device according to the present invention.
- the current flowing into the nine selected memory cells from the data lines IO0 to IO8 to which the high potential is applied via the transfer gates TC0_0 to TC8_0 and the NMOS transistors TS0_0_0 to TS0_8_0 It converges on the line WL0_0 and flows into the word line driving circuit 40-1 with a voltage drop due to the wiring resistance.
- the wiring resistance of the word line to the word line driving circuit 40-1 is large, and the voltage due to the current flowing in the other memory cells Since the drop is superimposed, the potential floating from 0 V (that is, the voltage drop) becomes the largest, so that the amount of current flowing through the memory cell is minimized as compared with other memory cells.
- FIG. 24 shows a result obtained by simulation of the amount of current flowing through each of the memory cells 0_0_0_0 to 0_0_8_0 when the voltage for reducing the resistance is simultaneously applied to the nine memory cells 0_0_0_0 to 0_0_8_0.
- the nine memory cells are composed of a memory cell intended for data storage and a memory cell not intended for data storage, and the total number of both cells is 9 cells.
- the channel width Wn of all the NMOS transistors TS0_0_0 to TS0_8_0 is set to the same value
- the wiring resistance RWL of the word line is 11.3 ⁇
- the current value to be passed through the memory cell is 140 ⁇ A. Verification was made by adjusting the resistance voltage VL to about 5V.
- the current of the memory cell located at the right end of the word line is about 140 ⁇ A
- the current of the memory cell located at the left end of the word line is about 180 ⁇ A, resulting in a current variation of about 28%. It can be seen that the possibility of causing a failure in reliability such as resistance change failure is increasing.
- variable resistance nonvolatile memory device having almost no memory cell position dependency in multi-bit simultaneous writing.
- the variable resistance nonvolatile memory device according to the present invention having such a function has almost no layout, design and process restrictions, and writing with little variation depending on the position of the memory cell in multi-bit simultaneous writing. Is a variable resistance nonvolatile memory device capable of realizing the above.
- an embodiment of a variable resistance nonvolatile memory device includes a plurality of bit lines, a plurality of word lines intersecting with the plurality of bit lines, and the plurality of bits.
- a plurality of variable resistance elements arranged at the intersections of the line and the plurality of word lines, and reversibly changing at least two resistance states of the first resistance state and the second resistance state.
- the first write circuit for applying a write voltage to the first bit line and the first bit line of the plurality of bit lines out of the plurality of memory cells are at least different from the first bit line.
- a second write circuit for applying a write voltage to the second bit line when a group of memory cells connected to the second bit line, which is one bit line, is used as a second memory cell array unit;
- a second selection circuit for connecting or disconnecting at least one; and a first word line driving circuit for selectively driving the plurality of word lines; and storing data in the plurality of memory cells.
- a target memory cell and a memory cell not intended for data storage are included, and the first and second write circuits apply a write voltage simultaneously to the first and second bit lines, respectively.
- the write units of a plurality of memory cells that are simultaneously written by the first and second write circuits include a memory cell intended for data storage and a memory cell not intended for data storage on the same word line.
- the first memory cell array unit is disposed closer to the first word line driving circuit than the second memory cell array unit, and the first selection circuit includes the first write circuit.
- the first on-resistance value which is the resistance value of the first selection circuit when the circuit is connected to the first bit line, is determined by the second selection circuit and the second write circuit. It is larger than the second on-resistance value that is the resistance value of the second selection circuit when the second bit line is connected.
- the memory cell position dependency is eliminated by adjusting the characteristics of the bit line selection circuit rather than providing a special circuit or having a special structure.
- the resistance value of the memory cell in the first resistance state is smaller than the resistance value of the memory cell in the second resistance state
- the first memory cell in the first memory cell array unit is The maximum current that flows in the first memory cell when the second resistance state transitions to the first resistance state.
- the second current in the second memory cell array unit When the maximum current flowing through the second memory cell when the second memory cell transitions from the second resistance state to the first resistance state is set to the second low resistance current value, It is preferable that the first on-resistance value is set larger than the second on-resistance value so that the low-resistance current value becomes substantially equal to the second low-resistance current value.
- the first and second selection circuits are configured by NMOS transistors or PMOS transistors, and the first and second selection circuits when the memory cell transitions from the second resistance state to the first resistance state.
- a first current direction which is a direction of a current flowing through the selection circuit, and a flow through the first selection circuit and the second selection circuit when the memory cell transitions from the first resistance state to the second resistance state.
- the second current direction which is the direction of current is opposite, and the first and second selection circuits have a substrate bias effect larger in the first current direction than in the second current direction. It is preferably connected to the memory cell in a positional relationship.
- the selection circuit is connected to the memory cell in a positional relationship that increases the substrate bias effect, and the transistor constituting the selection circuit operates as a source follower in reducing the resistance of the memory cell that requires current limiting. Since a current is passed in a state where the current is limited, a stable resistance change operation of the memory cell is ensured.
- the channel width of the transistors constituting the first selection circuit may be smaller than the channel width of the transistors constituting the second selection circuit.
- the first and second bit lines are formed in the same layer, and the plurality of bit lines are formed in a layer different from the layer in which the first and second bit lines are formed, Third and fourth bit lines including at least one bit line of the plurality of bit lines are included, and the plurality of memory cells include memory cells connected to the third bit line.
- a third memory cell array unit, which is a group, and a fourth memory cell array unit, which is a group of memory cells connected to the fourth bit line, and the variable resistance nonvolatile memory device includes: A third selection circuit that connects one write circuit and at least one of the third bit lines; and a second selection circuit that connects the second write circuit and at least one of the fourth bit lines.
- the memory cells are connected to the word lines so as to transition to a higher resistance state when a current flows from the word lines to the bit lines via the memory cells. And in the third and fourth memory cell array units, when a current flows from the bit line to the word line through the memory cell, a transition is made to a higher resistance state.
- the memory cell is connected to the word line and the bit line, the first and second selection circuits are configured with NMOS transistors, and the third and fourth selection circuits are configured with PMOS transistors, The third memory cell array unit is closer to the first word line driving circuit than the fourth memory cell array unit.
- the fourth selection circuit may be larger than a fourth on-resistance value that is a resistance value of the fourth selection circuit when the second write circuit and the fourth bit line are connected.
- the plurality of bit lines include third and fourth bit lines configured of at least one bit line of the plurality of bit lines, and the plurality of memory cells include the third bit line.
- a third memory cell array unit which is a group of memory cells connected to the bit line
- a fourth memory cell array unit which is a group of memory cells connected to the fourth bit line
- the variable nonvolatile memory device includes: a third selection circuit that connects at least one of the first write circuit and the third bit line; the second write circuit; and the fourth bit line. And a fourth selection circuit that connects at least one of the third memory cell array unit and the fourth word line driving circuit, the third memory cell array unit is different from the fourth memory cell array unit.
- the first memory cell array unit is arranged closer to the first write circuit than the third memory cell array unit, and the second write circuit is When the second memory cell array unit is arranged closer to the fourth memory cell array unit and the third selection circuit connects the first write circuit and the third bit line.
- the third on-resistance value which is the resistance value of the third selection circuit, is equal to the fourth on-state when the fourth selection circuit connects the second write circuit and the fourth bit line.
- the third on-resistance value is smaller than the first on-resistance value, and the fourth on-resistance value is equal to the second on-resistance value. Smaller than the on-resistance value of Good.
- a group of memory cells connected to a third bit line that is at least one bit line of the plurality of bit lines is a third memory cell array unit
- a fourth bit line that is at least one bit line of the plurality of bit lines of the plurality of memory cells.
- the group of the memory cells is a fourth memory cell array unit
- a fourth write circuit for applying a write voltage to the fourth bit line, the third write circuit, and the third bit line A third selection circuit for connecting or disconnecting at least one of them, and a connection or disconnection of at least one of the fourth write circuit and the fourth bit line.
- a fourth selection circuit and a second word line driving circuit for driving the plurality of word lines, and from the first word line driving circuit toward the second word line driving circuit,
- the first, second, fourth and third memory cell array units are arranged in this order, and the third selection circuit connects the third write circuit and the third bit line.
- the third on-resistance value that is the resistance value of the third selection circuit is the fourth on-state value when the fourth selection circuit connects the fourth write circuit and the fourth bit line. It may be larger than the fourth on-resistance value which is the resistance value of the selection circuit.
- the current during writing is made constant without depending on the distance from the word line driving circuit at both ends. Even in a large-scale memory cell array with long word lines, variations in write operations are suppressed.
- the setting range of the current drive capability of the selection circuit can be reduced, and the layout efficiency in the memory cell array can be improved.
- Each of the first and second selection circuits includes a bit line selection switch element for applying a write voltage to a corresponding bit line, and an NMOS transistor connected in series with the bit line selection switch element.
- An N-type current limiting element and a P-type current limiting element composed of PMOS transistors are connected in parallel, and one of the N-type current limiting element and the P-type current limiting element is When turned on, the other is selectively turned on so that the other of the N-type and P-type current limiting elements constituting the first selection circuit is turned on. It may be larger than the on-resistance value of one of the N-type and P-type current limiting elements constituting the second selection circuit.
- the selection circuit is composed of a bit line selection switch element and a current limiting element, and the selection of the bit line and the current limitation are realized by independent elements. Since either the transistor or the PMOS transistor can be freely selected, the dependency on the memory cell position is suppressed even in a variable resistance nonvolatile memory device having three or more layers.
- each of the plurality of memory cells may be configured by connecting the resistance change element and a current control element having nonlinear current-voltage characteristics in series.
- variable resistance nonvolatile memory device having a cross-point structure
- an embodiment of a method for calculating an on-resistance value of a selection circuit in a variable resistance nonvolatile memory device is commonly connected to a plurality of word lines.
- the wiring resistance of the word line for each (k ⁇ 1) section divided by the memory cell array unit is RWL
- the on-resistance of the first selection circuit that connects the selected memory cell, which is the memory cell selected in the first memory cell array unit closest to the word line driving circuit, and the write circuit is R (1), and the selection is performed.
- the current flowing through the selected memory cell is changed to the first low resistance current value.
- I0 the voltage drop amount VW (h) on the word line from the word line drive circuit to the h-th (1 ⁇ h ⁇ k) memory cell array unit is used as the voltage drop for each word line section.
- the sum of the quantities is calculated using at least the product of I0 and RWL and the variable h, and the hth memory cell connected to the write circuit is connected to the memory cell selected in the hth memory cell array unit.
- the on-resistance R (h) of the selection circuit is calculated using at least the I0, the R (1), and the VW (h), thereby corresponding to the first to kth memory cell array units.
- the on-resistance values of the first to kth selection circuits corresponding to the first to kth memory cell array units are set so that the first to kth low resistance current values are substantially equal. Set.
- k is 5, and the ratios of the reciprocals of the on-resistance values of the first to fifth selection circuits are 0.81, 0.88, 0.94, 0, respectively. . ⁇ .0.04 centered on .98 and 1.00.
- a selection circuit constituting a variable resistance nonvolatile memory device having a function of compensating for the voltage drop by the wiring resistance of the word line is designed.
- one mode of a writing method in the variable resistance nonvolatile memory device is the writing method in the variable resistance nonvolatile memory device.
- a word line driving circuit selectively drives the plurality of word lines, and the first and second write circuits apply a write voltage simultaneously to the first and second bit lines, respectively.
- Writing is simultaneously performed on the first and second memory cells included in each of the first and second memory cell array units.
- an embodiment of a variable resistance nonvolatile memory device having a 1T1R structure includes a plurality of bit lines, a plurality of word lines intersecting with the plurality of bit lines, and A plurality of source lines; a selection element that is arranged at an intersection of the plurality of bit lines and the plurality of source lines and is controlled to be turned on and off by each of the plurality of word lines; and a resistance change element.
- a plurality of memory cells that reversibly change at least two resistance states of the first resistance state and the second resistance state, and at least one of the plurality of bit lines of the plurality of memory cells.
- First writing for applying a writing voltage to the first bit line when a group of memory cells connected to the first bit line, which is a bit line, is a first memory cell array unit. And a collection of memory cells connected to a second bit line that is at least one bit line different from the first bit line of the plurality of bit lines.
- a second write circuit for applying a write voltage to the second bit line is connected to at least one of the first write circuit and the first bit line.
- a first selection circuit to be disconnected, a second selection circuit to connect or disconnect at least one of the second write circuit and the second bit line, and the plurality of source lines A first source line driving circuit for driving the plurality of word lines and a word line driving circuit for selectively driving the plurality of word lines.
- the plurality of memory cells include a memory cell for data storage and a data storage device. And the first and second write circuits simultaneously apply a write voltage to the first and second bit lines, respectively, and the first and second write circuits respectively.
- Write units of a plurality of memory cells that are simultaneously written by a write circuit include a memory cell intended for data storage and a memory cell not intended for data storage on the same word line.
- the first memory cell array unit is arranged closer to the second memory cell array unit, and the first selection is the selection element included in the first memory cell array unit.
- the first on-resistance value that is the resistance value in the on-state of the element is the on-state of the second selection element that is the selection element included in the second memory cell array unit. It is larger than the second on-resistance value which is the resistance value at.
- the memory cell position dependency is eliminated by adjusting the characteristics of the bit line selection circuit rather than providing a special circuit or having a special structure.
- a group of memory cells connected to a third bit line that is at least one bit line of the plurality of bit lines is a third memory cell array unit
- a fourth bit line that is at least one bit line of the plurality of bit lines of the plurality of memory cells.
- the group of the memory cells is a fourth memory cell array unit
- a fourth write circuit for applying a write voltage to the fourth bit line, the third write circuit, and the third bit line A third selection circuit for connecting or disconnecting at least one of them, and a connection or disconnection of at least one of the fourth write circuit and the fourth bit line.
- a fourth selection circuit and a second source line driving circuit for driving the plurality of source lines, the first source line driving circuit toward the second source line driving circuit, the second source line driving circuit.
- the first, second, fourth, and third memory cell array units are arranged in this order, and are the resistance values in the ON state of the third selection element that is the selection element included in the third memory cell array unit.
- the on-resistance value of 3 may be larger than a fourth on-resistance value that is a resistance value in an on state of the fourth selection element that is the selection element included in the fourth memory cell array unit.
- the plurality of memory cells include a third memory cell array unit, which is a collection of memory cells connected to the first bit line, and a plurality of source lines connected to the second bit line.
- a fourth memory cell array unit that is a group of memory cells in which the plurality of word lines are commonly connected to the third memory cell array unit; and the variable resistance nonvolatile memory device includes the first source
- the third memory cell array unit is arranged closer to the line driver circuit than the fourth memory cell array unit, and the first memory cell array unit is arranged with respect to the first write circuit.
- the second memory cell array unit is arranged closer to the third memory cell array unit, and the second memory cell array unit is the fourth memory cell array unit than the second write circuit.
- the third on-resistance value which is the resistance value in the on-state of the third selection element that is the selection element included in the third memory cell array unit, is the fourth memory cell array unit. Larger than a fourth on-resistance value that is a resistance value in an on state of the fourth selection element that is the selection element included in the first selection resistance, and the first on-resistance value is larger than the third on-resistance value
- the second on-resistance value may be larger than the fourth on-resistance value.
- one mode of a writing method in the resistance variable nonvolatile memory device having the 1T1R structure according to the present invention is a writing method in the variable resistance nonvolatile memory device,
- a first source line driver circuit selectively drives the plurality of source lines, and the word line driver circuit selects a source line driven by the first source line driver circuit among the plurality of word lines.
- the corresponding word lines are selectively driven, and the first and second write circuits simultaneously apply write voltages to the first and second bit lines, respectively. Writing is simultaneously performed to the first and second memory cells included in each of the two memory cell array units.
- variable resistance nonvolatile memory device according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
- Each of the embodiments described below shows a preferred specific example of the present invention.
- Numerical values, shapes, materials, constituent elements, arrangement positions and connection forms of constituent elements, operation procedures, and the like shown in the following embodiments are merely examples, and are not intended to limit the present invention.
- the present invention is limited only by the claims. Therefore, among the constituent elements in the following embodiments, constituent elements that are not described in the independent claims indicating the highest concept of the present invention are not necessarily required to achieve the object of the present invention. It will be described as constituting a preferred form.
- FIG. 25 shows a circuit configuration of a variable resistance nonvolatile memory device including a memory cell array having a single-layer crosspoint structure according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the “resistance variable nonvolatile memory device” is also simply referred to as “memory cell array”.
- This memory cell array includes n word lines WL0_0 to WL0_n ⁇ 1 driven by the word line driving circuit 40-1, and k ⁇ m bit lines BL0_0_0 to BL0_k-1_m ⁇ 1 that intersect the word lines in a non-contact manner. And divided into k partitions (memory cell array partitions M0_0 to M0_k ⁇ 1) in the word line direction. In multi-bit simultaneous writing, one bit line is selected for each of the memory cell array partitions M0_0 to M0_k ⁇ 1, and simultaneous writing of a total of k bits is performed. Note that write units of a plurality of memory cells that are simultaneously written include memory cells intended for data storage and memory cells not intended for data storage on the same word line.
- the memory cell array partition M0_0 As a configuration of the memory cell array partitions M0_0 to M0_k-1, the memory cell array partition M0_0 will be described as an example as follows.
- the memory cell array section M0_0 has n word lines WL0_0 to WL0_n ⁇ 1 and m bit lines BL0_0_0 to BL0_0_m ⁇ 1.
- the memory cells 0_0_0_0 to 0_n-1_0_m-1 of the cross-point structure shown in FIG. 21A constituting the memory cell array section M0_0 are located at the intersections of the word lines WL0_0 to WL0_n-1 and the bit lines BL0_0_0 to BL0_0_m-1.
- One end of the resistance change element 10 is connected to the corresponding word line, and one end of the current control element 20 is connected to the corresponding bit line.
- the m bit lines BL0_0_m ⁇ 1 are respectively supplied to the first selection element in the first selection circuit S0_0 by the sub bit line selection control signal SL0 driven by the selection control line drive circuit 41.
- the first selection circuit S0_0 is configured by serial connection of NMOS transistors TS0_0_0 to TS0_0_m-1 and transfer gates TC0_0 to TC0_m-1 as first selection elements. Since it functions as a switching element, the transfer gates TC0_0 to TC0_m-1 are not necessarily required in this embodiment.
- the first selection element NMOS transistors TS0_0_0 to TS0_0_m-1 switch connection / disconnection between the sub bit line and the main bit line
- transfer gates TC0_0 to TC0_m-1 switch connection / disconnection between the main bit line and the write circuit.
- other memory cell array partitions M0_1 to M0_k-1 are connected to the memory cell array partition M0_0 in common with word lines, and the entire memory cell array has k bus width data lines IO0 to IOk-1. .
- the k write circuits 60-0 to 60-k-1 corresponding to each of the k memory cell array partitions M0_0 to M0_k-1 are connected to the memory cells via the data lines IO0 to IOk-1, respectively. Supply the voltage required for resistance change.
- the selection control line driving circuit 41 and the sub bit line selection control signal SL0 and the main bit so as to activate one bit line for each of the memory cell array sections M0_0 to M0_k ⁇ 1.
- Bit line selection control signals CS0 to CSm-1 are output and simultaneous writing of k bits is performed.
- a feature of the present embodiment is that the NMOS transistors TS0_0_0 to TS0_k-1_m ⁇ 1, which are examples of selection elements, compensate for a voltage drop due to the wiring resistance of the word line according to the distance from the word line driver circuit 40-1. Therefore, for each partition, the on-resistances of the selection circuits (S0_0 to S0_k-1) belonging to each partition (M0_0 to M0_k-1) are set so as to decrease as the distance from the word line driver circuit 40-1 increases. This suppresses the variation in the write current of the memory cell between the sections.
- the channel width of the selection element in each section is discretely modulated (that is, the on-resistance value is adjusted so that the on-resistance value decreases as the distance from the word line driving circuit 40-1 increases). Is.
- the on-resistance of each selection element and transfer gate becomes lower as the distance from the word line drive circuit 40-1 increases in each section. It may be set.
- Patent Document 4 regarding the second resistance change layer 12 in contact with the upper electrode 11 and the first resistance change layer 13 in contact with the lower electrode 14, TaO x (0.8 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.9) or HfO x (0.9 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.6), or the first region containing the first oxygen-deficient transition metal oxide having a composition represented by MO x And MO y (where x ⁇ y) and the second region containing the second oxygen-deficient transition metal oxide having the composition represented by MO y can be applied (Patent Document 4). Patent No. 4554523), Patent Document 5 (Patent No. 4469022) and Patent Document 6 (Patent No. 455397)).
- variable resistance nonvolatile memory device in this embodiment includes a plurality of bit lines BL0_0_0 to BL0_k-1_m ⁇ 1 and a plurality of bit lines BL0_0_0 to BL0_k ⁇ 1_m ⁇ 1 as characteristic components.
- the plurality of memory cells 0_0_0_0 to 0_n-1_k-1_m-1 include at least the resistance change element 10 arranged at the intersections of the plurality of bit lines BL0_0_0 to BL0_k-1_m-1 and the plurality of word lines WL0_0 to WL0_n-1. And at least two resistance states of a first resistance state (for example, a low resistance state) and a second resistance state (for example, a high resistance state) are reversibly changed.
- a first resistance state for example, a low resistance state
- a second resistance state for example, a high resistance state
- the first write circuit (for example, the write circuit 60-0) includes first bit lines (for example, bit lines BL0_0_0 to BL0_0_m) that are at least one bit line of the plurality of bit lines among the plurality of memory cells.
- -1) is a circuit that selectively applies a write voltage to the first bit line when the set of memory cells connected to the memory cell array unit (memory cell array section M0_0) is used.
- the second write circuit (for example, the write circuit 60-k-1) is a second write line that is at least one bit line different from the first bit line of the plurality of bit lines among the plurality of memory cells.
- a group of memory cells connected to bit lines (for example, bit lines BL0_k-1_0 to BL0_k-1_m-1) is a second memory cell array unit (memory cell array section M0_k-1)
- the second bit line Is a circuit for selectively applying a write voltage.
- the first selection circuit (for example, a selection circuit S0_0 including NMOS transistors TS0_0_0 to TS0_0_m-1) is a circuit that connects or disconnects the first write circuit and at least one of the first bit lines. .
- the second selection circuit (for example, the selection circuit S0_k-1 including the NMOS transistors TS0_k-1_0 to TS0_k-1_m-1) connects or does not connect the second write circuit and at least one of the second bit lines. A circuit to be connected.
- the first word line drive circuit (word line drive circuit 40-1) is a circuit that selectively drives a plurality of word lines.
- the plurality of memory cells 0_0_0_0 to 0_n-1_k-1_m-1 include memory cells intended for data storage and memory cells not intended for data storage.
- the first and second write circuits apply a write voltage simultaneously to the first and second bit lines, respectively.
- the write units of the plurality of memory cells that are simultaneously written by the first and second write circuits include a memory cell intended for data storage and a memory cell not intended for data storage on the same word line. included.
- characteristic points are: (1) the first memory cell array unit is arranged closer to the first word line driving circuit than the second memory cell array unit;
- the resistance value of the first selection circuit when one selection circuit (for example, the NMOS transistors TS0_0_0 to TS0_0_m ⁇ 1 constituting the selection circuit S0_0) connects the first write circuit and the first bit line.
- a certain first on-resistance value is obtained when the second selection circuit (for example, NMOS transistors TS0_k-1_0 to TS0_k-1_m-1 constituting the selection circuit S0_k-1) is connected to the second write circuit and the second bit line. Is larger than the second on-resistance value, which is the resistance value of the second selection circuit when connected.
- the channel width of the transistors constituting the first selection circuit is set smaller than the channel width of the transistors constituting the second selection circuit.
- the selection control line drive circuit 41 outputs a sub bit line selection control signal and a main bit line selection control signal, thereby selecting one sub bit line for each of the plurality of memory cell array sections (M0_0 to M0_k ⁇ 1) ( S1).
- the first word line driving circuit (word line driving circuit 40-1) selectively drives the plurality of word lines almost simultaneously with the plurality of writing circuits (writing circuits 60-0 to 60-k-1).
- Each of the plurality of memory cell array units (memory cell array sections M0_0 to M0_k ⁇ ) is applied by simultaneously applying a write voltage to selected sub bit lines (for example, bit lines BL0_0,..., BL0_k-1_0) (S2). Write simultaneously to the memory cells included in each of 1).
- selected sub bit lines for example, bit lines BL0_0,..., BL0_k-1_0
- the selected word line is the word line WL0_0, and nine selected memory cells (9 pieces) are arranged evenly on the selected word line.
- the word line is driven from the left end of the memory cell array.
- FIG. 27 shows the ratio of the channel widths Wn0 to Wn8 of the NMOS transistors TS0_0_0 to TS0_8_0 (here, nine NMOS transistors belonging to each of the nine sections) as the first selection elements.
- the NMOS transistors belonging to the near end section have a smaller channel width
- the NMOS transistors belonging to the far end section have a larger channel width. .
- FIG. 28 shows an equivalent circuit of the memory cell array of FIG.
- voltage VL about 5V
- 0V is applied to word line WL0_0.
- the current flowing in the memory cell flows into the nine selected memory cells via the transfer gates TC0_0 to TC8_0 and the NMOS transistors TS0_0_0 to TS0_8_0, converges to one word line WL0_0, and causes a voltage drop due to the wiring resistance.
- VL about 5V
- FIG. 29 shows the memory cell position dependency of the voltage drop from the word line driving side in each memory cell.
- the wiring resistance RWL of the word line is 11.3 ⁇
- the current value to be passed through the memory cell is 140 ⁇ A.
- the rate of increase of the potential in the word line becomes gentler toward the far end of the word line, as shown in FIG. 28, because the number of overlapping memory cell currents decreases as the wiring resistance RWL at the far end. .
- the current drive capability of the NMOS transistors TS0_0_0 to TS0_8_0 at each position is proportional to the channel width ratio determined in FIG.
- the ratio shown in the figure is an example on the assumption of a predetermined word line resistance and memory cell current.
- FIG. 30 shows operating points of memory cells at representative positions in the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the left and right ends of the memory cell array are illustrated.
- only the left quadrant relating to the resistance reduction is extracted from the graph of the operating points for the resistance reduction and the resistance increase shown in FIG.
- the IV characteristics M1 and M5 of the memory cell in FIG. 30 only the upper curve showing the transition from the high resistance state to the low resistance state via the point C shown in FIG.
- the IV characteristics M1 of the memory cells 0_0_0_0 and 0_0_1_0 and the IV characteristics TSL1 of the NMOS transistors TS0_0_0 and TS0_1_0 are balanced at the intersection A1.
- the memory cell current is 140 ⁇ A.
- the potential at the word line floats by about 60 mV from FIG. For this reason, the low resistance applied voltage VL is reduced by this floating voltage, and in FIG. 30, the IV characteristic of the memory cell 0_0_8_0 is expressed as a characteristic M5 shifted to the left by 60 mV with respect to the characteristic M1.
- the channel width of the NMOS transistor TS0_8_0 is set to about 1.25 times that of the NMOS transistors TS0_0_0 and TS0_1_0, the current driving capability increases, and the IV characteristic is characteristic.
- the characteristic TSL5 is steeper than TSL1.
- the point A5 where the characteristic M5 and the characteristic TSL5 intersect becomes the operating point.
- the floating of the potential on the word line is compensated by the increase in the driving capability of the NMOS transistor, and the memory cell current is 140 ⁇ A.
- the same value as the left end of the memory cell array is maintained.
- FIG. 31 shows a result obtained by simulation of the amount of current flowing through the memory cell when a voltage for reducing resistance is simultaneously applied to each of the memory cells 0_0_0_0 to 0_0_8_0.
- the channel width Wn of all the NMOS transistors TS0_0_0 to TS0_8_0 was verified as a ratio shown in FIG.
- the memory cell current is suppressed to a range of 148 ⁇ A to 151 ⁇ A (a range of about 2% difference), current variation at the time of lowering the resistance than before is suppressed, and a stable resistance change is realized.
- the first memory cell in the first memory cell array unit (for example, the memory cell array section M0_0) is changed from the second resistance state (high resistance state) to the first resistance state (low resistance state).
- the maximum current flowing through the first memory cell when transitioning to the resistance state) is the first low resistance current value
- the second current in the second memory cell array unit (for example, the memory cell array section M0_k ⁇ 1)
- the maximum current flowing through the second memory cell when the memory cell transitions from the second resistance state (high resistance state) to the first resistance state (low resistance state) is set as the second low resistance current value.
- the first selection circuit for example, the NMOS transistors TS0_0_0 to TS0_0_m-1 constituting the selection circuit S0_0
- the second selection circuit e.g., NMOS transistors TS0_k-1_0 ⁇ TS0_k-1_m-1 which constitute the selection circuit S0_k-1) is set larger than the ON resistance of.
- the number of parallel circuits for lowering resistance is improved with a simpler circuit design (that is, multi-bit simultaneous It is possible to suppress the current variation during writing depending on the position of the memory cell due to the wiring resistance of the word line, which has been a problem in writing).
- the memory cell array commonly connected to the selected word line WL0_0 is divided into k-1 by the memory cell array section divided into k pieces in the direction orthogonal to the word lines, and divided into k-1.
- the wiring resistance of each word line between each section is RWL.
- the on-resistance of the first selection element connected to the memory cell array section closest to the word line driving circuit 40-1 is R (1), which corresponds to the slope of the characteristic TSL1 shown in FIG. 30 on the IV characteristic. is doing.
- the memory cell current value when the resistance of the selected memory cell is reduced is assumed to be I0.
- the potential on the word line in the h-th (1 ⁇ h ⁇ k) memory cell from the word line driving circuit 40-1 is expressed as follows.
- VW (h) I0 ⁇ RWL ⁇ k ⁇ (k ⁇ 1) / 2 ⁇ I0 ⁇ RWL ⁇ (k + 1 ⁇ h) ⁇ (k ⁇ h) / 2
- RV right-resistance of the h-th selection element connected to the h-th (1 ⁇ h ⁇ k) memory cell in the case where the memory cell current simultaneously being reduced in resistance.
- R (h) (I0 ⁇ R (1) ⁇ VW (h)) / I0
- This calculation formula makes it possible to calculate an appropriate on-resistance ratio.
- the reciprocal of the on-resistance value of the first selection element is From the near end of the word line driving circuit 40-1, the values are 0.81, 0.88, 0.94, 0.98, and 1.00.
- the variation of the wiring resistance is 10% and the variation of the on-resistance of the transistor is 10%, and the reciprocal ratio is set within a range of ⁇ 0.04.
- the ratio of the channel width is set to 0.81, 0.88, 0.94 from the near end of the word line driving circuit 40-1 in the memory cell array. , 0.98, and 1.00 are preferable.
- the on-resistance value of the selection circuit in the variable resistance nonvolatile memory device is calculated according to the procedure shown in the flowchart of FIG. That is, in a variable resistance nonvolatile memory device having k memory cell array partitions connected in common to a plurality of word lines and sequentially arranged from the word line driving circuit, the memory cell array partitions are first partitioned (k ⁇ 1) First selection that connects a selected memory cell, which is a memory cell selected in the first memory cell array partition closest to the word line driving circuit, to the write circuit, with RWL being the wiring resistance of the word line for each partition
- the on-resistance in the circuit is R (1), and the current flowing through the selected memory cell when the selected memory cell transitions from the second resistance state to the first resistance state having a smaller resistance value is reduced to the first resistance.
- Initial setting is performed to set the current value to I0 (S21).
- the voltage drop amount VW (h) on the word line from the word line drive circuit to the h-th (1 ⁇ h ⁇ k) memory cell array partition is defined as the sum of the voltage drop amount for each partition of each word line.
- Calculation is performed using at least the product of I0 and RWL and the variable h (S22).
- the on-resistance R (h) of the h-th selection circuit that connects the memory cell selected in the h-th memory cell array section and the write circuit is set to at least I0, R (1), and VW (h).
- the first to kth low resistance current values corresponding to the first to kth memory cell array sections are approximately equal to each other.
- the on-resistance values of the first to kth selection circuits corresponding to the kth memory cell array section are set (S23).
- the ratio of the reciprocals of the on-resistance values of the first to fifth selection circuits is 0.81, 0.88, 0.94, 0, respectively. It is determined to be within a range of ⁇ 0.04 centering on .98 and 1.00.
- the currents (first to kth low resistance current values) that flow when the resistance of the memory cells belonging to the first to kth memory cell array sections is reduced are substantially equal, and the word line drive circuit Thus, writing with less variation depending on the position of the memory cell is realized.
- the on-resistance of the NMOS transistors TS0_0_0 to TS0_8_0 is changed by changing the channel width of each of the NMOS transistors TS0_0_0 to TS0_8_0 as the first selection elements is described.
- the on-resistance of each transistor may be changed by changing the parameter.
- FIG. 33 shows a circuit configuration of a memory cell array having a cross-point structure having a two-layer structure as a second embodiment of the present invention.
- the memory cells 1_0_0_0 to 1_n-1_k-1_m ⁇ in the second layer share the word line with the memory cell array (lower layer memory cell array) of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1 is added.
- This memory cell array includes n word lines WL0_0 to WL0_n ⁇ 1 driven by the word line driving circuit 40-1, and k ⁇ m main bit lines GBL0_0 to GBLk-1_m ⁇ 1 that intersect the word lines in a non-contact manner. And is divided into k partitions (memory cell array partitions M0_0 to M0_k ⁇ 1) in the word line direction.
- k partitions memory cell array partitions M0_0 to M0_k ⁇ 1
- write units of a plurality of memory cells that are simultaneously written include memory cells intended for data storage and memory cells not intended for data storage on the same word line.
- the memory cell array partition M0_0 As a configuration of the memory cell array partitions M0_0 to M0_k-1, the memory cell array partition M0_0 will be described as an example as follows.
- the memory cell array section M0_0 is connected to the first selection circuit S0_0 for the lower layer memory cell array and the third selection circuit S1_0 for the upper layer memory cell array, and is driven by the selection control line drive circuit 41.
- two sub bit lines (lower layer sub bit line BL0_0_0 and upper layer sub bit line BL1_0_0, lower layer sub bit line BL0_0_1, upper layer sub bit line BL1_0_1,..., Or lower layer sub bit line BL0_0_m-1 and upper layer sub bit line are controlled by upper layer sub bit line selection control signal SL1.
- One of BL1_0_m-1) is an NMOS transistor TS0_0_0 (lower layer) as a first selection element or a PMOS transistor TS1_0_0 (upper layer) as a third selection element,.
- the transistors are selectively connected to the m main bit lines GBL0_0 to GBL0_m-1 via the transistor TS0_0_m-1 (lower layer) or the PMOS transistor TS1_0_m-1 (upper layer).
- the main bit lines GBL0_0 to GBL0_m-1 are further passed through transfer gates TC0_0 to TC0_m-1 shown in FIG. 21B by main bit line selection control signals CS0 to CSm-1 driven by the selection control line drive circuit 41, respectively.
- memory cell array partitions M0_1 to M0_k-1 are connected to the memory cell array partition M0_0 in common with word lines, and the entire memory cell array has k bus width data lines IO0 to IOk-1. .
- the k write circuits 60-0 to 60-k-1 corresponding to each of the k memory cell array partitions M0_0 to M0_k-1 are connected to the memory cells via the data lines IO0 to IOk-1, respectively. Supply the voltage necessary for resistance change.
- each of the memory cell array sections M0_0 to M0_k ⁇ 1 is selected to activate one layer (upper layer or lower layer) of memory cells and one main bit line.
- Sub-bit line selection control signals SL0 to SL1 and main bit line selection control signals CS0 to CSm-1 are output from the control line drive circuit 41, and simultaneous writing of k bits is performed.
- FIG. 34 schematically shows a configuration of a memory cell having a two-layer cross point structure configured in the present embodiment.
- the resistance change element 10-1 is connected to the word line 70
- the current control element 20-1 is connected to the current control element 20-1.
- the resistance change element 10-2 is connected to the upper subbit line 71-2 to control the current.
- the element 20-2 is connected to the word line 70, and the upper layer memory cell 51-2 and the lower layer memory cell 51-1 share the word line 70.
- the upper layer memory cell and the lower layer memory cell have the same direction in which the resistance change element is formed, because variation in memory cell characteristics between the memory array layers can be suppressed.
- the memory cell array partitions M0_0 and M0_k ⁇ 1 include n common word lines WL0_0 to WL0_n ⁇ 1, m lower subbit lines BL0_0_0 to BL0_k ⁇ 1_m ⁇ 1, and m upper subbit lines BL1_0_0. To BL1_k-1_m-1.
- Lower layer sub bit lines BL0_0_0 to BL0_k-1_m-1 are connected to lower layer memory cells 0_0_0_0 to 0_n-1_k-1_m-1, respectively, and upper layer sub bit lines BL1_0_0 to BL1_k-1_m-1 are upper layer memory cells 1_0_0_0 to 1_n-1_k-1_m- 1 is connected to each.
- Lower bit line bit lines BL0_0_0 to BL0_k-1_m-1 are controlled by sub bit line selection control signal SL0, while upper layer sub bit lines BL1_0_0 to BL1_k-1_m-1 corresponding to sub bit line selection control signal SL1 are main bit lines GBL0_0 to GBLk ⁇ .
- a double-layer bit line structure selectively connected to 1_m ⁇ 1 is employed.
- the lower electrode (sub bit line 71-1 side) is directed in the positive direction with respect to the upper electrode (word line 70 side) of the resistance change element 10-1. Apply a voltage of. For this reason, 0V is applied to the selected word lines WL0_0 to 0_n-1, and the voltage VL is applied to the selected k lines of the selected sub bit lines BL0_0_0 to 0_k-1_m-1, thereby controlling the memory cell current during the low resistance operation.
- the source follower that is, to operate so as to increase the substrate bias effect
- the first selection circuit is configured by an NMOS transistor that is a first selection element
- the third selection circuit is a third selection circuit. This is a direction of a current that flows through the first selection circuit when the memory cell transitions from the second resistance state (high resistance state) to the first resistance state (low resistance state).
- the first current direction (that is, the current direction when the resistance is lowered) and the first time when the memory cell transitions from the first resistance state (low resistance state) to the second resistance state (high resistance state)
- the second current direction (that is, the current direction when the resistance is increased) that is the direction of the current flowing through the selection circuit is opposite, and the first selection circuit (first selection elements TS0_0_0 to TS0_k-1_ -1) and the third selection circuit (third selection elements TS1_0_0 to TS1_k-1_m-1) have a second current direction (that is, a current direction when the resistance is reduced) (that is, a current direction when the resistance is reduced).
- the memory cells are connected in such a positional relationship that the substrate bias effect is larger than the current direction when the resistance is increased.
- the selected word line is the word line WL0_0, and the memory cell array is equally arranged on the selected word line.
- a circuit model in which nine selected memory cells (9 memory cells belonging to each of the 9 partitions) are bundled by 2 memory cells by the wiring resistance of the word line is used.
- the word line is driven from the left end of the memory cell array.
- FIG. 27 shows the ratio of the channel widths Wn0 to Wn8 of the NMOS transistors TS0_0_0 to TS0_8_0 as the first selection elements in the selection circuit S0_0 for the lower layer memory cell array.
- FIG. 35 shows the ratios of the channel widths Wp0 to Wp8 of the PMOS transistors TS1_0_0 to TS1_8_0 as the third selection elements in the selection circuit S1_0 for the upper-layer memory cell array. It is preferable that the first selection element and the third selection element in the same memory cell array section are adjusted so that the current drive capability at the time of reducing the resistance becomes equal.
- a feature of the present embodiment is that the memory cell array has a two-layer structure as compared with the first embodiment.
- the first selection element for selectively connecting to the main bit line an NMOS transistor is provided for each layer.
- the first selection element for the lower-layer memory cell array and the PMOS transistor (third selection element for the upper-layer memory cell array) are distinguished from each other.
- the plurality of subbit lines includes the first subbit line (for example, subbit lines BL0_0_0 to BL0_0_m ⁇ 1) and the second subbit.
- Lines for example, sub bit lines BL0_k-1_0 to BL0_k-1_m-1) are formed in a lower layer, and third sub bit lines (for example, sub bit lines BL1_0_0 to BL1_0_0 to BL1_0_0) are formed of at least one of the plurality of sub bit lines.
- BL1_0_m-1) and fourth sub bit lines are formed in an upper layer, and (2) a plurality of memory cells include a first sub bit line and a third sub bit line.
- a first memory cell array unit that is a collection of memory cells connected to the sub-bit lines;
- a second memory cell array units to the sub bit line and the fourth sub-bit line is a collection of connected memory cells are included.
- the variable resistance nonvolatile memory device of this embodiment includes (3) a first write circuit (for example, the write circuit 60-0) and the first sub-bit line connected to the first write circuit.
- a first selection element for example, NMOS transistors TS0_0_0 to TS0_0_m-1) that connects at least one of them and a third selection element (for example, PMOS transistor TS1_0_0) that connects to at least one of the third sub-bit lines.
- a second write circuit eg, write circuit 60-k-1 and at least one of the second sub-bit lines connected to the second write circuit
- a second selection element for example, NMOS transistors TS0_k-1_0 to TS0_k-1_m-1 and a fourth sub-device Fourth selection element (e.g., PMOS transistors TS1_k-1_0 ⁇ TS1_k-1_m-1) to be connected of the bets line of at least one and further comprising.
- the memory cell in the lower layer memory cell array of the first and second memory cell array units, when a current flows from the word line to the bit line through the memory cell, the memory cell transitions to a higher resistance state.
- the memory cell In the upper memory cell array of the first and second memory cell array units, the memory cell is connected to the word line and the sub bit line as described above, and when the current flows from the sub bit line to the word line through the memory cell, the memory cell is higher.
- Memory cells are connected to the word lines and sub-bit lines so as to transition to the resistance state.
- the characteristic points are (1) the first and second selection elements are constituted by NMOS transistors, the third and fourth selection elements are constituted by PMOS transistors, and (2) the second selection elements.
- the first memory cell array section is disposed closer to the first word line driving circuit than the second memory cell array section, and the first selection element includes the first write circuit and the first sub-bit line.
- the first on-resistance value that is the resistance value of the first selection element when connected is the first on-resistance value when the second selection element connects the second write circuit and the second sub-bit line.
- the first memory cell array unit is closer to the second word array driving circuit than the second memory cell array unit.
- the third on-resistance value which is the resistance value of the third selection element
- the fourth sub-bit line are larger than the fourth on-resistance value that is the resistance value of the fourth selection element.
- FIG. 36 shows an equivalent circuit of an upper-layer memory cell array in which the third selection element is a PMOS transistor in the memory cell array of FIG.
- the selected word line is the word line WL0_0, and nine selected memory cells (9 pieces) are arranged evenly on the selected word line.
- the memory cell current is supplied to the main bit lines GBL0_0 to 8_0 via the PMOS transistors TS1_0_0 to TS1_8_0 connected to the memory cells. Further, it flows into the write circuits 60-0 to 60-k-1 via the transfer gates TC0_0 to TC8_0.
- the on-resistance of the selection element can be adjusted by changing the channel width of the PMOS transistor constituting the selection element. That is, the ratio of the channel widths Wp0 to Wp8 of the PMOS transistors TS1_0_0 to TS1_8_0 as the third selection elements is smaller in the section closer to the left end of the memory cell array close to the word line driving circuit 40-1, in other words, closer to the right end.
- the potential drop in the word line can be compensated by discretely determining the area so as to be larger.
- the current driving capability of the PMOS transistor at each position is proportional to the ratio of the channel width determined in FIG.
- the access to the lower layer memory cell is the same as that in the first embodiment, so that the description thereof is omitted.
- the only difference from the lower layer memory cell is that the selection element is changed from the first selection element of the NMOS transistor to the third selection element of the PMOS transistor.
- the PMOS transistors TS1_0_0 to TS1_8_0 that are the third selection elements are adjusted in size by matching the on-resistance when the resistance is lowered with the NMOS transistors TS0_0_0 to TS0_8_0 that are the first selection elements.
- the source follower can be operated in the same manner as the NMOS transistor which is the first selection element when the resistance of the lower layer memory cell is lowered. Is possible.
- the memory cell current is suppressed to a range of 148 ⁇ A to 151 ⁇ A (a range of about 2% difference), and the current variation at the time of lowering the resistance is suppressed and stable. Resistance change is expected.
- the upper layer memory cell and the lower layer memory cell share the word line with each other, and the formation direction of the resistance change element is matched. It was shown that even in a two-layer cross-point configuration formed by a simple manufacturing process, it is possible to suppress variation in resistance state depending on the memory cell position due to the wiring resistance of the word line.
- the characteristics of the present embodiment can be applied to a multi-layer cross-point configuration of three or more layers.
- FIG. 37 shows a variation of the selection circuit in the memory cell array having the cross-point structure according to the second embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 33, which is used as the NMOS transistor and the third selection element used as the first selection element.
- the circuit of another structure regarding the combination of a PMOS transistor is shown.
- the NMOS transistor 16-3 to which the selection signal SL0 is input is connected to the lower layer sub-bit line
- the NMOS transistor 16-3 is activated and the NMOS transistor 16-4 is deactivated. Further, a predetermined potential is applied to the gate CMN of the NMOS transistor 16-2 as a selection element for applying a current limit for activation, and a high voltage is applied to the gate CMP of the PMOS transistor 17-2 for deactivation. To do.
- the NMOS transistor 16-3 is deactivated and the NMOS transistor 16-4 is activated. Further, a predetermined potential is applied to the gate CMP of the PMOS transistor 17-2 as a selection element for applying a current limit for activation, and a low voltage is applied to the gate CMN of the NMOS transistor 16-2 for deactivation.
- the selection elements for limiting the current in the upper bit line and the lower bit line are NMOS transistor and PMOS, respectively. It is fixed to either of the transistors. For this reason, although it has a simple configuration in terms of circuit and layout, it has one kind of polarity for both different-layer memory cell arrays that share bit lines and have different voltage application directions when the resistance is reduced. Since the current cannot be limited by the transistor, the circuit cannot cope with a cross-point configuration of three layers or more.
- each sub-bit line has three or more layers using NMOS transistors and PMOS transistors.
- an NMOS transistor and a PMOS transistor can be selected as selection elements for limiting the current in accordance with the layer position of the memory cell array to be accessed, so that a cross-point configuration of three or more layers can be supported.
- bit line selection switch element here, NMOS transistor 16-3 or 16-4
- An N-type current limiting element composed of an NMOS transistor 16-2 and a P-type current limiting element composed of a PMOS transistor 17-2 are connected in series with a bit line selection switch element. It consists of a current limiting element.
- the N-type current limiting element and the P-type current limiting element are selectively turned on so that when one is turned on and the other is turned off, and when a low resistance current is passed through the upper layer memory cell and the lower layer memory cell, Connected to be a source follower connection.
- the on-resistance value (first on-resistance value) of the first selection circuit closer to the word line driving circuit is the on-resistance value (second on-resistance) of the second selection circuit farther from the word line driving circuit. It is configured to be larger than (value). As a result, it is possible to compensate for the voltage drop due to the wiring resistance of the word line.
- FIG. 38 shows a circuit configuration in which word lines are driven from both sides of a memory cell array, as a third embodiment of the present invention, for a memory cell array having a hierarchical cross-point structure in which a plurality of memory cell array sections are arranged in the bit line direction. .
- a configuration of a memory cell array having a hierarchical cross-point structure having j layers will be described.
- the memory cell array according to the present embodiment includes j ⁇ n word lines WL0_0 to WLj-1_n ⁇ 1 driven from two sides of the memory cell array by two word line driving circuits 40-1 and 40-2, word lines, J ⁇ k ⁇ m sub-bit lines BL0_0_0 to BLj-1_k-1_m ⁇ 1 that intersect in a non-contact manner, and j sections in the direction in which the sub-bit lines are arranged (the depth direction toward the drawing, that is, the hierarchical direction) , And divided into k sections in the word line direction (left and right direction as viewed in the drawing).
- write units of a plurality of memory cells that are simultaneously written include memory cells intended for data storage and memory cells not intended for data storage on the same word line.
- the memory cell array section M0_0 As a configuration of the memory cell array sections M0_0 to Mj-1_k-1, the memory cell array section M0_0 will be described as an example as follows.
- the memory cell array section M0_0 has n word lines WL0_0 to WL0_n ⁇ 1 and m subbit lines BL0_0_0 to BL0_0_m ⁇ 1.
- the memory cells 0_0_0_0 to 0_n-1_0_m-1 shown in FIG. 21A constituting the memory cell array section M0_0 are respectively connected to the intersections of the word lines WL0_0 to WL0_n-1 and the sub bit lines BL0_0_0 to BL0_0_m-1. 1, one end of the resistance change element 10 is connected to the corresponding word line, and one end of the current control element 20 is connected to the corresponding sub-bit line.
- the sub bit lines BL0_0_0 to BL0_0_m-1 are respectively passed through NMOS transistors TS0_0_0 to TS0_0_m-1 as the first selection elements in the selection circuit S0_0 by the sub bit line selection control signal SL0 driven by the selection control line drive circuit 41.
- NMOS transistors TS0_0_0 to TS0_0_m-1 are respectively passed through NMOS transistors TS0_0_0 to TS0_0_m-1 as the first selection elements in the selection circuit S0_0 by the sub bit line selection control signal SL0 driven by the selection control line drive circuit 41.
- j memory cell array sections M0_0 to Mj-1_0 arranged in the hierarchical direction are respectively connected to main bit lines GBL0_0 to GBL0_m-1 by sub bit line selection control signals SL0 to SLj-1. It has a line configuration.
- Main bit lines GBL0_0 to GBL0_m-1 are further selectively connected to data line IO0 via transfer gates TC0_0 to TC0_m-1 shown in FIG. 21B, respectively.
- the other memory cell array partitions M0_1 to Mj-1_k-1 are connected to the memory cell array partitions M0_0 to Mj-1_0 in common with the word lines, and k buses IO0 to IOk-1 in the entire memory cell array.
- the k write circuits 60-0 to 60-k-1 corresponding to each of the k memory cell array sections arranged in the word line direction are respectively connected to the memory cells via the data lines IO0 to IOk-1. Supply the voltage required for resistance change.
- each of k memory cell array sections in the word line direction is selected to activate one layer and one main bit line in the memory cell hierarchical structure.
- Sub-bit line selection control signals SL0 to SLj-1 and corresponding main bit line selection control signals CS0 to CSm-1 are output from the control line drive circuit 41, and simultaneous writing of k bits is performed.
- k 18 (the number of partitions in the word line direction is 18), the selected word line is the word line WL0_0, and the 18 selected memory cells are evenly arranged on the selected word line.
- a circuit model in which (18 memory cells belonging to each of 18 partitions) is bundled by 2 memory cells by the wiring resistance of the word line is used.
- the word lines are driven from both the left end and the right end of the memory cell array.
- FIG. 39 shows an example of the optimum ratio of the channel widths Wn0 to Wn17 of the NMOS transistors TS0_0_0 to TS0_17_0 as the first selection elements in the selection circuits S0_0 to S0_k-1.
- a feature of the present embodiment is that, in contrast to the first embodiment, the memory cell array has a configuration of j hierarchical bit lines in which units of the memory cell array are arranged in the direction in which the main bit lines are arranged. It is possible to electrically isolate a plurality of memory cell array sections by the NMOS transistor.
- the second is that the word line driving circuits 40-1 and 40-2 are arranged at both ends of the memory cell array and the word lines are driven from both sides as compared with the first embodiment. It can also be considered that the memory cell array of the first embodiment is mirror-inverted to the left and right, and the horizontally inverted memory cell array is additionally arranged on the right side of the memory cell array of the first embodiment.
- variable resistance nonvolatile memory device is (1) connected to the first sub bit line that is at least one sub bit line of the plurality of sub bit lines among the plurality of memory cells.
- a first write circuit that applies a write voltage to the first sub-bit line when the set of memory cells is a first memory cell array section; and (2) a plurality of sub-bit lines among the plurality of memory cells.
- Second write voltage for applying a write voltage to the second sub-bit line when a group of memory cells connected to the second sub-bit line which is at least one of the sub-bit lines is defined as the second memory cell array section.
- a third sub-bit line that is at least one sub-bit line of the plurality of sub-bit lines among the plurality of memory cells.
- a third write circuit for applying a write voltage to the third sub-bit line when the group of the memory cells formed is a third memory cell array section, and (4) a plurality of sub-bit lines among the plurality of memory cells.
- 4th write for applying a write voltage to the fourth sub-bit line when a group of memory cells connected to the fourth sub-bit line which is at least one of the sub-bit lines is a fourth memory cell array section
- a circuit (5) a first selection circuit that connects or disconnects at least one of the first write circuit and the first sub-bit line; and (6) a second write circuit and a second sub-bit.
- a second selection circuit for connecting or disconnecting at least one of the lines; and (7) connecting at least one of the third write circuit and the third sub-bit line.
- a third selection circuit for disconnecting, (8) a fourth selection circuit for connecting or disconnecting at least one of the fourth write circuit and the fourth sub-bit line, and (9) a plurality of The first word line driving circuit (word line driving circuit 40-1) and the second word line driving circuit (word line driving circuit 40-2) are arranged at both ends of the word line and drive a plurality of word lines from both sides. ).
- a characteristic point is that the first, second, fourth, and third points from the first word line driving circuit (40-1) to the second word line driving circuit (40-2).
- the memory cell array partitions are arranged in this order, the first and second memory cell array partitions are arranged on the first word line driving circuit side from the center of the entire memory cell array, and the third and fourth memory cell array partitions are the memory cell array.
- the first selection circuit close to the first word line driving circuit connects the first writing circuit and the first sub-bit line when the second word line driving circuit is arranged from the center of the whole.
- the first on-resistance value which is the resistance value of the first selection circuit when the second selection circuit far from the first word line driving circuit is connected to the second write circuit and the second sub-bit line And when connecting with A third selection circuit that is larger than the second on-resistance value that is the resistance value of the selection circuit and that is close to the second word line driving circuit connects the third write circuit and the third sub-bit line.
- the third on-resistance value which is the resistance value of the third selection circuit, is that the fourth selection circuit far from the second word line driving circuit connects the fourth write circuit and the fourth sub-bit line.
- the fourth on-resistance value is larger than the fourth on-resistance value of the fourth selection circuit.
- the selection circuits may include current limiting elements 16-2 and 17-2 shown in FIG. 37, respectively.
- FIG. 40 shows an equivalent circuit of the memory cell array of FIG.
- the voltage VL (about 5V) is applied to the data lines IO0 to IO17, and 0V is applied to the word line WL0_0 from the word line driver circuits 40-1 and 40-2 at both ends.
- the low-resistance currents flow into 18 selected memory cells via the transfer gates TC0_0 to TC17_0 and the NMOS transistors TS0_0_0 to TS0_17_0, which are the first selection elements, respectively, and converge on one word line WL0_0.
- the voltage flows into the first word line drive circuit 40-1 and the second word line drive circuit 40-2 at both ends with a voltage drop.
- FIG. 41 shows the memory cell position dependency of the potential on the word line in each memory cell.
- the wiring resistance RWL of the word line is 11.3 ⁇
- the current value to be passed through the memory cell is 140 ⁇ A.
- the floating of the potential on the word line becomes larger at a position far from the first word line driving circuit 40-1 and the second word line driving circuit 40-2, that is, near the center of the word line. .
- the reason why the rate of increase of the potential on the word line becomes gentler in the center is that, as shown in FIG. 40, the number of superimposed memory cell currents decreases as the wiring resistance is in the center of the word line.
- the on-resistance of the selection circuit belonging to each section is set to the first word line driving circuit 40-1 and the second word line driving circuit 40-2 for each section.
- the distance is set so as to decrease as the distance from the distance increases, thereby suppressing variations in the write current of the memory cells between the sections.
- the channel widths Wn0 to Wn17 of the NMOS transistors TS0_0_0 to TS0_17_0 as the first selection elements are assigned to the first word line driving circuit 40-1 and the second word line driving circuit 40-2. It is determined discretely so that the section closer to both ends of the closer memory cell array is smaller, in other words, the section closer to the center is larger.
- the current drive capability of the NMOS transistor at each position is proportional to the ratio of the channel width determined in FIG.
- the ratio shown in FIG. 39 is an example on the assumption of a predetermined word line resistance and memory cell current.
- the on-resistance of each selection element and transfer gate is set to the first word line drive circuit 40-1 and the second word line drive in each section.
- the distance from the circuit 40-2 may be set to decrease as the distance increases.
- the equivalent circuit of the memory cell array circuit according to the third embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 40 is mirror-reversed to the left and right with respect to the equivalent circuit diagram of the memory cell array circuit according to the first embodiment shown in FIG. In this configuration, an equivalent circuit that is horizontally reversed is additionally arranged on the right side of the circuit.
- the operating point of the memory cell located at the left and right ends of the word line WL0_0 in FIG. 40 is regarded as the operating point of the leftmost memory cell of the word line WL0_0 in FIG. 28, and the memory cell at the center of the word line WL0_0 in FIG.
- the operating point can be regarded as the operating point of the memory cell located at the right end of the word line in FIG.
- FIG. 42 shows a result obtained by simulating a low resistance current amount flowing in each memory cell when a voltage for reducing the resistance is simultaneously applied to each of the memory cells 0_0_0_0 to 0_0_17_0.
- the channel width Wn of all NMOS transistors was verified as a ratio shown in FIG.
- the memory cell current is suppressed to a range of 148 ⁇ A to 151 ⁇ A (a range of about 2% difference), current variation at the time of lowering the resistance than before is suppressed, and a stable resistance change is realized.
- the present invention can be applied to a memory cell array having a hierarchical bit line configuration.
- the size ratio gap (maximum difference) of the NMOS transistors that are the selection elements in the memory cell array having a longer word line length than in the first embodiment Therefore, it is possible to realize a configuration with a small dead space in design.
- FIG. 43 shows a circuit configuration of a memory cell array having a hierarchical cross-point structure according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- the configuration of the memory cell is the same as that of Embodiment 3, but the on-resistance value of the first selection element is determined in consideration of not only the word line but also the wiring resistance of the main bit line. Is different.
- This memory cell array includes j ⁇ n word lines WL0_0 to WLj ⁇ 1_n ⁇ 1 driven by the first word line driving circuit 40-1, j ⁇ k ⁇ m sub-bits that intersect the word lines in a non-contact manner.
- write units of a plurality of memory cells that are simultaneously written include memory cells intended for data storage and memory cells not intended for data storage on the same word line.
- the memory cell array section M0_0 As a configuration of the memory cell array sections M0_0 to Mj-1_k-1, the memory cell array section M0_0 will be described as an example as follows.
- the memory cell array section M0_0 has n word lines WL0_0 to WL0_n ⁇ 1 and m subbit lines BL0_0_0 to BL0_0_m ⁇ 1.
- the memory cells 0_0_0_0 to 0_n-1_0_m-1 shown in FIG. 21A constituting the memory cell array section M0_0 are respectively connected to the intersections of the word lines WL0_0 to WL0_n-1 and the sub bit lines BL0_0_0 to BL0_0_m-1. 1, one end of the resistance change element 10 is connected to the corresponding word line, and one end of the current control element 20 is connected to the corresponding bit line.
- the sub bit line BL0_0_m-1 is transmitted through the NMOS transistors TS0_0_0 to TS0_0_m-1 as the first selection elements in the selection circuit S0_0. Connected to the lines GBL0_0 to GBL0_m-1.
- j memory cell array sections M0_0 to Mj-1_0 arranged in the hierarchical direction have hierarchical bit line configurations that are selectively connected to main bit lines GBL0_0 to GBL0_m-1 by sub bit line selection control signals SL0 to SLj-1. It has become.
- Main bit lines GBL0_0 to GBL0_m-1 are further selectively connected to data line IO0 via transfer gates TC0_0 to TC0_m-1 shown in FIG. 21B.
- the other memory cell array partitions M0_1 to Mj-1_k-1 are connected to the memory cell array partitions M0_0 to Mj-1_0 in common with the word lines, and k buses IO0 to IOk-1 in the entire memory cell array.
- the k write circuits 60-0 to 60-k-1 corresponding to each of the k memory cell array sections arranged in the word line direction are respectively connected to the memory cells via the data lines IO0 to IOk-1. Supply the voltage required for resistance change.
- each of k memory cell array sections in the word line direction is selected to activate one layer and one main bit line in the memory cell hierarchical structure.
- Sub-bit line selection control signals SL0 to SLj-1 and main bit line selection control signals CS0 to CSm-1 are output from the control line drive circuit 41, and simultaneous writing of k bits is performed.
- the word line is driven from the left end of the memory cell array.
- the ratio of the channel widths Wn0_0 to Wn7_8 of the NMOS transistors TS0_0_0 to TS7_8_0 as the first selection elements in the selection circuits S0_0 to Sj-1_k_1 is determined as follows.
- Wnb_0 the channel width of the NMOS transistor closest to the word line driver circuit
- Wnb_1 the channel width of the NMOS transistor closest to the word line driver circuit
- Wn0_a channel width of the NMOS transistor closest to the write circuit
- Wn1_a channel width of the NMOS transistor farthest from the writing circuit
- the NMOS transistors TS0_0_0 to TSj-1_k-1_m-1 have a distance from the main bit line from the write circuits 60-0 to 60-k-1 for each section. (That is, considering the wiring resistance of the main bit line), the channel width is discretely adjusted.
- the plurality of subbit lines includes the first subbit line including at least one subbit line among the plurality of subbit lines.
- bit lines BL0_0_0 to BL0_0_m-1 bit lines BL0_k-1_0 to BL0_k-1_m-1
- third sub bit lines for example, bit lines BLj-1_0_0 to BLj-1_0_m) -1
- fourth sub bit lines for example, bit lines BLj-1_k-1_0 to BLj-1_k-1_m-1
- a plurality of memory cells include first sub bit lines.
- a first memory cell array unit for example, memory cell array section M0_0
- a second memory cell array unit for example, memory cell array section M0_k-1
- a third memory cell array section for example, Mj-1_0
- a fourth subbit line which are a group of memory cells connected to the subbit line.
- a fourth memory cell array partition eg, Mj-1_k-1 that is a collection of connected memory cells.
- the variable resistance nonvolatile memory device includes (3) a first selection circuit (for example, an NMOS transistor TS0_0_0) that connects the first write circuit and at least one of the first sub-bit lines.
- a first selection circuit for example, an NMOS transistor TS0_0_0
- a third selection circuit for example, including NMOS transistors TSj-1_0_0 to TSj-1_0_m-1) that connects the first write circuit and at least one of the third sub-bit lines.
- a second selection circuit for example, including NMOS transistors TS0_k-1_0 to TS0_k-1_m-1) that connects the second write circuit and at least one of the second sub-bit lines
- a second A fourth selection circuit for example, NMOS
- the first memory cell array section is arranged closer to the first word line drive circuit (word line drive circuit 40-1) than the second memory cell array section, and the third The memory cell array unit is arranged closer to the fourth memory cell array unit, and (5) the first memory cell array unit is the third memory cell unit with respect to the first write circuit (for example, the write circuit 60-0).
- the second memory cell array unit is disposed closer to the second write circuit (for example, the write circuit 60-k-1) than the fourth memory cell array unit.
- the first on-resistance value which is the resistance value of the first selection circuit when the first selection circuit connects the first write circuit and the first sub-bit line, is 2 choices
- the second selection circuit is larger than the second on-resistance value that is the resistance value of the second selection circuit.
- the third on-resistance value which is the resistance value of the third selection circuit when the write circuit and the third sub-bit line are connected, is determined by the fourth selection circuit and the fourth sub-bit. It is larger than the fourth on-resistance value, which is the resistance value of the fourth selection circuit when the line is connected.
- the first on-resistance value which is the resistance value of the first selection circuit when the first selection circuit connects the first write circuit and the first sub-bit line, is the third value. Is larger than a third on-resistance value that is a resistance value of the third selection circuit when the first write circuit and the third sub-bit line are connected, and the second selection circuit
- the second on-resistance value which is the resistance value of the second selection circuit when the second write circuit and the second sub-bit line are connected, is determined by the fourth selection circuit and the fourth write circuit. This is larger than the fourth on-resistance value which is the resistance value of the fourth selection circuit when the sub-bit line is connected.
- the third on-resistance value is smaller than the first on-resistance value
- (2) the fourth on-resistance is characteristic. The value is smaller than the second on-resistance value. That is, the voltage drop due to the wiring resistance in the main bit line is compensated.
- FIG. 44A shows an equivalent circuit in the memory cell array of FIG. 43 when the resistance is lowered for the memory cell array sections M0_0 to M0_8 in the first hierarchy closest to the write circuits 60-0 to 60-k-1.
- FIG. 44B shows an equivalent circuit at the time of lowering the resistance of the eighth-layer memory cell array sections M7_0 to M7_8 farthest from the write circuits 60-0 to 60-k-1.
- the voltage VL (for example, about 5V) is applied to the data lines IO0 to IO8, and for example, 0V is applied to the selected word line WL0_0 or WL7_0.
- the current flowing through the memory cell flows into nine selected memory cells via the transfer gates TC0_0 to TC8_0, NMOS transistors TS0_0_0 to TS0_8_0, or TS7_0_0 to TS7_8_0, and converges to one word line WL0_0 or WL7_0.
- the voltage flows into the word line drive circuits at both ends while being accompanied by a voltage drop due to resistance.
- the main bit lines GBL0_0 to transfer gates TC0_0 to TC8_0 The wiring resistance RBL of GBL8_0 is large, and the potential drop from the data line applied voltage VL (about 5 V) is the largest.
- the channel widths Wn0_0 to Wn7_8 of the NMOS transistors TS0_0_0 to TS7_8_0 as the first selection elements are set to the word line so as to compensate for the potential floating in the word line and the potential drop in the data line (main bit line).
- the section closer to the left end of the memory cell array close to the line drive circuit 40-1 is smaller, in other words, the section closer to the right end is larger and closer to the lower end of the memory cell array close to the write circuits 60-0 to 60-8. It is determined discretely so that the smaller the section, in other words, the larger the section closer to the upper end.
- the current drive capability of the NMOS transistor at each position is proportional to the determined channel width ratio.
- the equivalent circuit of the memory cell array circuit according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention corresponds to the voltage drop due to the wiring resistance of the word line shown in the equivalent circuit diagram of the memory cell array circuit according to the first embodiment shown in FIG. Then, the voltage VL (about 5 V) applied to the data lines IO0 to IO8 is reduced by the sum of the voltage drop due to the wiring resistance of the main bit line.
- the IV characteristic M1 of the partition M0_0 of the memory cell array close to the word line drive circuit 40-1 and the write circuits 60-0 to 60-8.
- the IV characteristic M5 is shifted to the left by the voltage sum.
- each of the NMOS transistors TS0_0_0 to TS7_8_0 has a channel width corresponding to the slope of the IV characteristic TSL5 intersecting with the characteristic M5 at the point A5 having the same current value as the point A1 where the IV characteristic TSL1 and the characteristic M1 of the selection element intersect.
- the ratio of the channel widths Wn0_0 to Wn7_8 is determined.
- the fourth embodiment of the present invention it is possible to adjust the on-resistance of the selection element to compensate for the voltage drop due to the wiring resistance of not only the word line but also the main bit line, and the word line and main bit line can be adjusted.
- the word line and main bit line can be adjusted.
- FIG. 45 shows a circuit configuration of a memory cell array having a 1T1R structure as a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- This memory cell array includes n source lines XL0 to XLn ⁇ 1 driven from the left end of the memory cell array by the source line driving circuit 42-1, and n word lines WL0 to WLn driven by the word line driving circuit 40. ⁇ 1, k ⁇ m bit lines BL0_0 to BLk ⁇ 1_m ⁇ 1 that intersect the word line and the source line in a non-contact manner, and are divided into k sections in the word line direction.
- the word lines WL0 to WLn-1 are respectively input to the gate terminals of NMOS transistors TS0_0_0 to TSn-1_k-1_m-1 as selection elements.
- the bit lines BL0_0 to BLk-1_m-1 are selectively connected to the lower electrodes of the resistance change elements 0_0_0 to n-1_k-1_m-1 through the NMOS transistors, respectively.
- the upper electrode of the variable resistance element is connected to the source lines XL0 to XLn-1.
- the m bit lines BL0_0 to BLk-1_m-1 are selectively connected to the data lines IO0 to IOk-1 via the transfer gates TC0_0 to TCk-1_m-1 shown in FIG. 21B, respectively.
- the k write circuits 60-0 to 60-k-1 corresponding to each of the k memory cell array sections are necessary for resistance change with respect to the memory cells via the data lines IO0 to IOk-1, respectively. Supply voltage.
- the word line driving circuit 40 activates one word line WL0 to WLn ⁇ so as to activate one memory cell and one bit line for each of k memory cell array sections.
- write units of a plurality of memory cells that are simultaneously written include memory cells intended for data storage and memory cells not intended for data storage on the same word line.
- k 9 (the number of memory array sections is 9), the selected word line is the word line WL0, the selected source line is the source line XL0, and nine are connected to the selected source line.
- the selected memory cell (9 selected memory cells belonging to each of the 9 memory array sections) is made into a circuit model in which 2 memory cells are bundled by the wiring resistance of the source line. The source line is driven from the left end of the memory cell array.
- the ratio of the channel widths Wn0 to Wn8 of the NMOS transistors TS0_0_0 to TS0_8_0 as the selection elements of each memory cell Wn0, Wn1 ⁇ Wn2, Wn3 ⁇ Wn4, Wn5 ⁇ Wn6, Wn7 ⁇ Wn8 It is determined as follows.
- the channel widths of the NMOS transistors as m selection elements in each memory array section are the same.
- the on-resistance of the selection circuit (transfer gates TC0_0 to TCk-1_m-1) is smaller in units of each partition, and the on-resistance becomes smaller as it is farther from the source line driver circuit. You may adjust it.
- a feature of the present embodiment is that the contents of the first embodiment described regarding the cross-point structure are applied to a memory cell array having a 1T1R structure.
- variable resistance nonvolatile memory device includes a plurality of bit lines BL0_0 to BLk-1_m-1 and a plurality of bit lines BL0_0 to BLk-1_m-1 as characteristic components.
- a second write circuit eg, write circuit 60-k-1
- a first select circuit eg, transfer gates TC0_0 to TC0_m-1
- a second select circuit eg, transfer gates TCk-1_0 to TCk-1_m-1
- a first source line driver circuit source line driver circuit 42-1
- a word line driver circuit word line driver circuit 40.
- the plurality of memory cells are arranged at the intersections of the plurality of bit lines and the plurality of source lines, and the resistance changes with the selection elements TS0_0_0 to TSn-1_k-1_m-1 controlled to be turned on and off by the plurality of word lines, respectively. And includes elements 0_0_0 to n-1_k-1_m-1, and at least two resistance states of a first resistance state (for example, a low resistance state) and a second resistance state (for example, a high resistance state) are reversible. Changes.
- the first write circuit (for example, the write circuit 60-0) is a first bit line (for example, bit lines BL0_0 to BL0_m) that is at least one bit line of the plurality of bit lines among the plurality of memory cells.
- -1) is a circuit for applying a write voltage to the first bit line when the group of memory cells connected to the memory cell array unit is the first memory cell array unit.
- the second write circuit (for example, the write circuit 60-k-1) is a second write line that is at least one bit line different from the first bit line of the plurality of bit lines among the plurality of memory cells.
- a circuit that applies a write voltage to a second bit line when a group of memory cells connected to bit lines (for example, bit lines BLk-1_0 to BLk-1_m-1) is a second memory cell array unit. is there.
- the first selection circuit (for example, transfer gates TC0_0 to TC0_m-1) is a circuit that connects or disconnects the first write circuit and at least one of the first bit lines.
- the second selection circuit (for example, transfer gates TCk-1_0 to TCk-1_m-1) is a circuit that connects or disconnects the second write circuit and at least one of the second bit lines.
- the first source line driving circuit (source line driving circuit 42-1) is a circuit for driving a plurality of source lines.
- the word line drive circuit (word line drive circuit 40) is a circuit that selectively drives a plurality of word lines.
- the plurality of memory cells include a memory cell intended for data storage and a memory cell not intended for data storage.
- the first and second write circuits apply a write voltage simultaneously to the first and second bit lines, respectively.
- the write units of the plurality of memory cells that are simultaneously written by the first and second write circuits include a memory cell intended for data storage and a memory cell not intended for data storage on the same word line. included.
- characteristic points are: (1) the first memory cell array unit is arranged closer to the first source line driver circuit than the second memory cell array unit;
- the first on-resistance value that is the resistance value in the on-state of the first selection elements (for example, NMOS transistors TS0_0_0 to TSn-1_0_m-1) that are selection elements included in one memory cell array unit is the second memory
- a second selection element for example, NMOS transistors TS0_k-1_0 to TSn-1_k-1_m-1) that is a selection element included in the cell array unit is larger than a second on-resistance value that is a resistance value in an on-state. is there.
- the selection control line drive circuit 41 outputs a main bit line selection control signal, thereby selecting one bit line for each of a plurality of memory cell array units (S11).
- the first source line driver circuit (source line driver circuit 42-1) selectively drives a plurality of source lines, and the plurality of write circuits (write circuits 60-0 to 60-k-1) A write voltage is simultaneously applied to the selected bit lines (for example, bit lines BL0_0,..., BLk-1_0) (S12).
- the word line driving circuit corresponds to the word line corresponding to the source line driven by the first source line driving circuit (source line driving circuit 42-1) among the plurality of word lines.
- word line driving circuit 40 By selectively driving the lines (S13), writing is simultaneously performed on the memory cells included in each of the plurality of memory cell array units.
- FIG. 47 shows an equivalent circuit of the memory cell array of FIG.
- the voltage VL is applied to the data lines IO0 to IO8, and 0V is applied to the source line XL0.
- the current flowing through the resistance change elements 0_0_0 to 0_8_0 flows into the nine resistance change elements via the transfer gates TC0_0 to TC8_0 and the NMOS transistors TS0_0_0 to TS0_8_0, converges on one source line XL0, and is a voltage due to the wiring resistance. While descending, it flows into the source line drive circuit 42-1 at the left end.
- the wiring resistance to the source line driver circuit 42-1 is large, and the voltage drop due to the current flowing in other memory cells is superimposed. By doing so, the floating of the potential from 0V becomes the largest.
- the ratio of the channel widths Wn0 to Wn8 of the NMOS transistors TS0_0_0 to TS0_8_0 as the selection elements is close to the left end of the memory cell array close to the source line driver circuit 42-1, so as to compensate for the potential floating in the source line. It is determined discretely so that the smaller the section, in other words, the larger the section closer to the right end.
- the current driving capability of the NMOS transistor at each position is proportional to the ratio of the channel width.
- FIG. 48 shows operating points of memory cells at representative positions in the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- the left and right ends of the memory cell array are illustrated.
- only the left quadrant relating to the reduction in resistance is extracted from the graph of the operating point for reducing resistance and increasing resistance of the variable resistance element shown in FIG.
- the IV characteristics R1 and R2 of the resistance change element in FIG. 48 only the upper characteristic line indicating the transition from the high resistance state to the low resistance state via the point A0 shown in FIG. 8 is extracted and illustrated. .
- the IV characteristics R1 of the memory cells 0_0_0 and 0_1_0 and the IV characteristics TSL1 of the NMOS transistors TS0_0_0 and TS0_1_0 are balanced at the intersection A1, and the current flowing through the memory cell is about 140 ⁇ A. Memory cell current.
- the IV characteristic of the memory cell 0_8_0 is expressed as a characteristic R2 shifted to the left by a voltage drop with respect to the characteristic R1.
- the IV characteristic becomes a steeper characteristic TSL2.
- the point A2 where the characteristic R2 and the characteristic TSL2 intersect is the operating point, but the floating of the potential on the source line is compensated by the increase in the driving capability of the NMOS transistor, and as shown in FIG. It is possible to adjust the current so as to be the same value at both ends of the memory cell array.
- the current capability of the NMOS transistor which is the selection element directly connected to the resistance change element, is compared with the position (source line) in the memory cell array with respect to the memory cell array having the 1T1R structure.
- FIG. 49 shows a circuit configuration for driving a word line from both sides of a memory cell array having a 1T1R structure as a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
- This memory cell array includes n source lines XL0 to XLn-1 driven from both sides of the memory cell array by source line driving circuits 42-1 and 42-2, and n words driven by the word line driving circuit 40.
- the word lines WL0 to WLn-1 are input to the gate terminals of NMOS transistors TS0_0_0 to TSn-1_k-1_m-1 as selection elements, and the bit lines BL0_0 to BLk-1_m-1 are connected to the resistances via the NMOS transistors.
- the change elements 0_0_0 to n-1_k-1_m-1 are selectively connected to the lower electrodes.
- the upper electrode of the variable resistance element is connected to the source lines XL0 to XLn-1.
- the m bit lines BL0_0 to BLk-1_m-1 are transferred to the data lines IO0 to IOk-1 via transfer gates TC0_0 to TCk-1_m-1 as second selection elements shown in FIG. 21B, respectively. Connected selectively.
- the k write circuits 60-0 to 60-k-1 corresponding to each of the k memory cell array sections are necessary for resistance change with respect to the memory cells via the data lines IO0 to IOk-1, respectively. Supply voltage.
- the word line driving circuit 40 activates one word line WL0 to WLn ⁇ so as to activate one memory cell and one bit line for each of k memory cell array sections.
- write units of a plurality of memory cells that are simultaneously written include memory cells intended for data storage and memory cells not intended for data storage on the same word line.
- k 18 (the number of partitions is 18), a selected word line is a word line WL0, a selected source line is a source line XL0, and 18 selections connected to the selected source line are selected.
- a circuit model in which memory cells (18 memory cells belonging to each of 18 partitions) are bundled by 2 memory cells by wiring resistance of a source line is used. The source line is driven from both ends of the memory cell array.
- the ratio of the channel widths Wn0 to Wn17 of the NMOS transistors TS0_0_0 to TS0_17_0 as the first selection elements is, for example, Wn0, Wn1, Wn16, Wn17 ⁇ Wn2, Wn3, Wn14, Wn15 ⁇ Wn4, Wn5, Wn12, Wn13 ⁇ Wn6, Wn7, Wn10, Wn11 ⁇ Wn8, Wn9 It is determined as follows.
- the feature of this embodiment is that source line drive circuits 42-1 and 42-2 are arranged at both ends of the memory cell array, and the source lines are driven from both sides, as compared with the fifth embodiment described with respect to the 1T1R structure.
- the memory cell array of the fifth embodiment is mirror-inverted left and right, and the memory cell array that is horizontally inverted is additionally arranged on the right side of the memory cell array of the fifth embodiment. .
- variable resistance nonvolatile memory device is connected to the first bit line that is (1) at least one bit line of the plurality of bit lines among the plurality of memory cells.
- a second write circuit that applies a write voltage to the fourth bit line and (2) a first write circuit that
- a selection circuit ; a second selection circuit that connects or disconnects at least one of the second write circuit and the second bit line; and at least one of the third write circuit and the third bit line.
- Multiple source lines A first source line driving circuit (for example, source line driving circuit 42-1) and a second source line driving circuit (for example, source line driving circuit 42-2), The circuit and the second source line driver circuit are respectively disposed on both sides of the same source line.
- a characteristic point is that from the first source line driving circuit (for example, the source line driving circuit 42-1) toward the second source line driving circuit (for example, the source line driving circuit 42-2),
- the first selection element included in the first memory cell array unit close to the first source line driver circuit.
- the first on-resistance value which is the resistance value in the on state of each of the selection elements, is in the on-state of the second selection element that is the selection element included in the second memory cell array unit far from the first source line driver circuit.
- the resistance value in the ON state of the third selection element which is a selection element included in the third memory cell array unit close to the second source line driver circuit, is larger than the second on-resistance value that is the resistance value.
- On-resistance value of 3 Is greater than the fourth on-resistance is the resistance in the on state of the fourth selection device is a selection element included in the fourth memory cell array units farther from the second source line driver circuit.
- the equivalent circuit in the both-side drive of the source line shown in the sixth embodiment is a mirror of the equivalent circuit in the fifth embodiment in which the one-side drive is performed. Combination with inversion.
- the wiring resistance to the source line driver circuits 42-1 and 42-2 is large.
- the potential floating from 0 V becomes the largest.
- the ratio of the channel widths Wn0 to Wn17 of the NMOS transistors TS0_0_0 to TS0_17_0 as the first selection elements is set to the source line driver circuits 42-1 and 42-2 so as to compensate for the potential floating in the source line. It is determined discretely so that the section closer to both ends of the closer memory cell array is smaller, in other words, the section closer to the center is larger.
- the current driving capability of the NMOS transistor at each position is proportional to the ratio of the channel width.
- the operating point of the memory cell located at the left and right ends of the source line XL0 is regarded as the operating point of the leftmost memory cell of the source line XL0 in FIG.
- the operating point of the memory cell can be regarded as the operating point of the memory cell at the right end of the source line in FIG.
- the memory cell current is suppressed to a predetermined range, current variation at the time of lowering the resistance than in the conventional case is suppressed, and a stable resistance change is realized.
- the size ratio gap (maximum difference) of the NMOS transistors as the selection elements is also increased in the memory cell array having a longer source line length than in the fifth embodiment. Therefore, it is possible to realize a configuration with less dead space.
- FIG. 50 shows a circuit configuration of a memory cell array having a 1T1R structure according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention.
- This memory cell array includes n source lines XL0 to XLn-1 driven by the source line driving circuit 42-1, n word lines WL0 to WLn-1 driven by the word line driving circuit 40, and word lines.
- k ⁇ m bit lines BL0_0 to BLk ⁇ 1_m ⁇ 1 intersecting the source line in a non-contact manner are divided into k sections in the word line direction.
- the word lines WL0 to WLn-1 are respectively input to the gate terminals of NMOS transistors TS0_0_0 to TSn-1_k-1_m-1 as selection elements.
- the bit lines BL0_0 to BLk-1_m-1 are selectively connected to the lower electrodes of the resistance change elements 0_0_0 to n-1_k-1_m-1 through the NMOS transistors, respectively.
- the upper electrode of the variable resistance element is connected to the source lines XL0 to XLn-1.
- the m bit lines BL0_0 to BLk-1_m-1 are transferred to the data lines IO0 to IOk-1 via transfer gates TC0_0 to TCk-1_m-1 as second selection elements shown in FIG. 21B, respectively. Connected selectively.
- the k write circuits 60-0 to 60-k-1 corresponding to each of the k memory cell array partitions (memory cell units) are connected to the memory cells via the data lines IO0 to IOk-1, respectively. Supply the voltage required for resistance change.
- the word line driving circuit 40 activates one word line WL0 to WLn ⁇ so as to activate one memory cell and one bit line for each of k memory cell array sections.
- write units of a plurality of memory cells that are simultaneously written include memory cells intended for data storage and memory cells not intended for data storage on the same word line.
- the source line is driven from the left end of the memory cell array.
- the ratio of the channel widths Wn0_0 to Wn7_9 of the NMOS transistors TS0_0_0 to TS7_8_0 as the first selection elements is determined as follows.
- the NMOS transistors TS0_0_0 to TSn-1_k-1_m-1 are related to the write circuits 60-0 to 60-k-1 in each memory array section. That is, the channel width is discretely modulated even in accordance with the distance.
- the plurality of bit lines are included in the first memory array section and connected to the first write circuit. And a second bit line included in the second memory array section and connected to the second write circuit, (2) a plurality of memory cells are connected to the first bit line; Memory cells included in the second memory array section, connected to the first and third memory cell array units, which are a group of memory cells included in the first memory array section, and the second bit line A second memory cell array unit and a fourth memory cell array unit, which are a group of memory cells, are included.
- the first memory cell array unit is arranged closer to the first source line driver circuit (source line driver circuit 42-1) than the second memory cell array unit
- the memory cell array unit is arranged closer to the fourth memory cell array unit.
- the first memory cell array unit is arranged closer to the third memory cell array unit than the first write circuit.
- the second memory cell array unit is disposed closer to the second write circuit than the fourth memory cell array unit, and (5) a first element which is a selection element included in the first memory cell array unit.
- the first on-resistance value which is the resistance value in the on state of the selection element, is the selection element included in the second memory cell array unit that is the selection element included in the second memory cell array unit.
- the resistance value in the on state of the third selection element which is a selection element included in the third memory cell array unit, is larger than the second on resistance value that is the resistance value in the on state of the second selection element.
- the third on-resistance value is larger than the fourth on-resistance value that is the resistance value in the on state of the fourth selection element that is the selection element included in the fourth memory cell array unit, and (6) the first
- the on-resistance value of the first selection element included in the memory cell array unit is larger than the on-resistance value of the third selection element included in the third memory cell array unit, and the selection element included in the second memory cell array unit
- the second on-resistance value that is the resistance value in the on state of the second selection element is the resistance value in the on state of the fourth selection element that is a selection element included in the fourth memory cell array unit. There is greater than the fourth on-resistance.
- the characteristic point is that (1) the on-resistance value of the first selection element close to the first write circuit is a third value far from the first write circuit. (2) The on-resistance value of the second selection element close to the second write circuit is larger than the on-resistance value of the fourth selection element far from the second write circuit. Is also big. That is, the voltage drop due to the wiring resistance in the bit line is compensated.
- FIG. 51A shows an equivalent circuit when the resistance of the resistance change elements 0_0_0 to 0_8_0 closest to the write circuits 60-0 to 60-k-1 in the memory cell array of FIG. 50 is reduced.
- FIG. 51B shows an equivalent circuit at the time of reducing the resistance of the resistance change elements 7_0_0 to 7_8_0 farthest from the write circuits 60-0 to 60-k-1.
- the voltage VL is applied to the data lines IO0 to IO8, and 0V is applied to the selected source line XL0 or XL7.
- the current flowing through the resistance change element flows into each of the nine selected memory cells via the transfer gates TC0_0 to TC8_0, NMOS transistors TS0_0_0 to TS0_8_0, or TS7_0_0 to TS7_8_0, and converges to one source line XL0 or XL7. It flows into the source line drive circuits at both ends, accompanied by a voltage drop due to wiring resistance.
- the wiring resistance of the source line to the source line driver circuit 42-1 is large and flows in other memory cells.
- the potential floating from 0V becomes the largest.
- the wiring resistance RBL of the bit lines BL0_0 to BL8_0 to the transfer gates TC0_0 to TC8_0 The potential drop from the data line applied voltage VL is the largest.
- the channel widths Wn0_0 to Wn7_8 of the NMOS transistors TS0_0_0 to TS7_8_0 as the first selection elements are source line driven so as to compensate for the potential floating in the source line and the potential drop in the data line (bit line).
- the section closer to the left end of the memory cell array close to the circuit 42-1 is smaller, in other words, the section closer to the right end is larger, and closer to the lower end of the memory cell array close to the write circuits 60-0 to 60-k-1.
- the resistance change element is discretely determined to be smaller, in other words, the resistance change element closer to the upper end is larger.
- the current drive capability of the NMOS transistor at each position is proportional to the determined channel width ratio.
- the NMOS transistor TS0_0_0 has a channel width corresponding to the slope of the IV characteristic TSL2 intersecting with the characteristic R2 at the point A2 having the same current value as the point A1 where the IV characteristic TSL1 and the characteristic R1 of the first selection element intersect.
- the ratio of channel widths Wn0_0 to Wn7_8 of each of TS7_8_0 is determined.
- the seventh embodiment of the present invention it is possible to adjust the on-resistance of the first selection element to compensate for the voltage drop due to the wiring resistance of the bit line, which is caused by the wiring resistance of the source line and the bit line. It is possible to suppress the variation in the resistance state of the memory cell depending on the position in the memory cell array to be performed with higher accuracy.
- the memory cell configuration in which the resistance change element connected in series is connected to the source line and the NMOS transistor is connected to the bit line has been described.
- the resistance change element is used as the bit line and the NMOS transistor is connected. This is also effective in the configuration of the memory cell connected to the source line.
- variable resistance nonvolatile memory device the calculation method of the on-resistance value of the selection circuit, and the writing method thereof have been described based on Embodiments 1 to 7, the present invention is not limited to these implementations. It is not limited to the form. Unless it deviates from the meaning of this invention, the form obtained by combining this embodiment with various modifications conceived by those skilled in the art and combinations obtained in different embodiments are also included in this invention.
- the resistance change element is used as the memory element constituting the memory cell.
- the resistance change nonvolatile memory device according to the present invention is a memory including all types of resistance change memory elements.
- the present invention can be applied to a variable resistance nonvolatile memory device including a cell.
- typical resistance change type memory elements MRAM (Magnetic Random Access Memory: magnetic memory), PRAM (Phase Change Random Access Memory: phase change memory), ReRAM (Restec Random Memory Access resistance memory resistance). Resistance change element), SPRAM (Spin Transfer Torque Random Access Memory), CBRAM (Conductive Bridge Random Access Memory), and the like.
- variable resistance nonvolatile memory device in the above embodiment has a function of performing k-bit simultaneous writing.
- variable resistance nonvolatile memory device according to the present invention always performs simultaneous k-bit writing. It is not necessary, and simultaneous writing with a bit number less than k (for example, 1 bit) may be performed as necessary.
- the present invention relates to a variable resistance nonvolatile memory device having a cross-point structure or a 1T1R structure, and in particular, a circuit for simultaneously writing to a large number of selected memory cells connected to one selected word line or source line during a write operation.
- a circuit for simultaneously writing to a large number of selected memory cells connected to one selected word line or source line during a write operation In order to stabilize the characteristics of the low resistance state, the variation in the memory cell current at the time of low resistance among the selected memory cells to be simultaneously written is suppressed, and the circuit, layout configuration, and simple process are simplified. And is useful as a nonvolatile memory device having stable memory cell writing characteristics at low cost.
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Abstract
Description
まず、多ビット同時書き込みにおける課題(メモリセル位置依存性)について、図面を用いて詳細に説明する。
図1Aはいわゆる単層クロスポイント構造のメモリセルアレイの立体構造を示す図である。ここには、メモリセル51、任意の一方向かつ平行に多数配線されたワード線(例えば第2層配線)52、ワード線52と交差するように一方向かつ平行に多数配線されたビット線(例えば第1層配線)53が図示されている。ワード線52とビット線53との各交点の位置に、ビット線53とワード線52とに挟まれて、メモリセル51が構成されている。
図5は、抵抗変化素子10と選択トランジスタ(つまり、スイッチ素子の一例)であるNMOSトランジスタ15とが直列に接続されるいわゆる1T1R型のメモリセル55の断面構成図(1ビット分の構成)である。
次に、クロスポイント構造のメモリセル51の動作について図7を用いて説明する。図7は、図2の構造を持つメモリセル51に対し、下部配線71よりも上部配線70が高い電圧となる極性を正として電圧を印加した場合のメモリセル51に印加された電圧とメモリセル51を流れる電流との関係(つまり、抵抗変化特性、あるいは、IV特性)を実測した特性図である。
次に、クロスポイント構造のメモリセルアレイのアレイ等価回路について説明する。
次に、図11の等価回路を用いて、従来の書き込み(ここでは低抵抗化書き込み)動作及びその特性を図12と図13を用いて説明する。
Iswl=Isel+Inw_w …式2
Ib_nw=Inw_w …式3
であるので、書き込み電源197の電流IppとGND電流Iswlは同一である。
K=Isela/(Isela+Ihz)
となり、図13の例では、印加電流の約4分の1以下程度しか書き込みに寄与しておらず、残りの約4分の3以上は漏れ電流として無駄に流していることが判る。
図14において、各メモリセル51は、図4に示すのと同様の構成を有し、ワード線24とビット線25との交点に、マトリックス状に配置されている。ワード線24はWL0~WL(n-1)のn本がそれぞれX方向に平行に配置され、ビット線25はBL0~BL(m-1)のm本が平行かつワード線24と直交してY方向に配置され、各ワード線24と各ビット線25の各交点位置にメモリセル51が配置されてメモリセルアレイ1が構成されている。ここで、メモリセルアレイ1は、論理的に、あるビットに接続されるメモリセルから構成される、データ記憶を目的とする第1のメモリセル群と、その第1のメモリセル群に接続されるワード線WL0~WL(n-1)と同一のワード線WL0~WL(n-1)に接続される、他のビット線(A本のビット線)に接続されるメモリセルから構成される第2のメモリセル群とで構成される。このような構成において、複数((A+1)本)の選択ビット線と1つの選択ワード線との交点に位置する複数のメモリセルに対して同時に書き込みを実施するケースを説明する。
Ipp=Iseli+Ib_nwi
となる。
K=Iseli/(Iseli+Ib_nwi)
となり、図16の(b)の例では、約50%となる。
本メモリセル51の抵抗変化素子10の抵抗変化に関する特徴は、図8を用いて説明した様に、安定な低抵抗状態への抵抗変化動作を行うためには、選択メモリセル51に所定の電流量を流す様に電流制御(電流制限)することが重要である。なお、電圧制御の場合、電流制御素子29の特性が非線形で電圧変動に対する電流変動が極めて大きい為、流れた電流量で決まる抵抗値制御が困難である。
前述したように、低抵抗状態の安定化を図るには、データの記憶を目的とするメモリセルの他に、データの記憶を目的としないメモリセルを設け、それらに対して書込み動作を実行することにより、同一ワード線上で常に一定数のビットに対して同時に書込み電圧、書込み電流を印加する。
書き込み転送速度の改善のための並列度向上と、抵抗状態の安定化を両立する上で、多ビット同時書き込みは有効な手法の一つである。ここで、多ビット同時書き込みにおいて、ワード線の配線抵抗がもたらす課題について説明する。
<<単層クロスポイント構造への適用>>
図25に、本発明の実施の形態1における、単層クロスポイント構造のメモリセルアレイを備える抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶装置の回路構成を示す。なお、以下では、「抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶装置」を、単に「メモリセルアレイ」ともよぶ。
低抵抗化時のメモリセル電流の安定化に関する、本発明の回路構成での効果を説明するため、まず等価回路を示し、それを元に低抵抗化時の動作点を吟味する。
図30に、本発明の実施の形態1における、代表的な位置のメモリセルでの動作点を示す。この図では、メモリセルアレイの左端及び右端の2箇所について図示した。なお、本図では、図22に示した低抵抗化及び高抵抗化の動作点のグラフに対し、低抵抗化に関する左側の象限のみを抽出して図示している。また、この図30におけるメモリセルのIV特性M1及びM5については、図7に示す点Cを経由した高抵抗状態から低抵抗状態への遷移を示す上側の曲線のみを抽出して図示した。
メモリセルアレイの左端においては、メモリセル0_0_0_0及び0_0_1_0のIV特性M1と、NMOSトランジスタTS0_0_0及びTS0_1_0のIV特性TSL1とが交点A1でバランスし、メモリセルに流れる電流は約-140μAのメモリセル電流となる。
メモリセルアレイの右端においては、メモリセル0_0_8_0において、ワード線WL0_0の右端までの配線抵抗での電圧降下により、図29より、約60mVほどワード線における電位が浮く。このため、低抵抗化印加電圧VLは、この浮いた電圧分だけ目減りし、図30においては、メモリセル0_0_8_0のIV特性が、特性M1に対して60mV左にシフトした特性M5として表現される。
上記第1の選択素子(上記実施の形態では、第1の選択回路を構成するNMOSトランジスタTS0_0_0~TS0_k-1_m-1)のオン抵抗の調整方法について述べる。
<<2層クロスポイント構造への適用>>
図33に、本発明の実施の形態2として、2層構造のクロスポイント構造のメモリセルアレイの回路構成を示す。このメモリセルアレイでは、図25に示される実施の形態1のメモリセルアレイ(下層メモリセルアレイ)に、ワード線を共有して第2の層(上層メモリセルアレイ)におけるメモリセル1_0_0_0~1_n-1_k-1_m-1が追加された構成となっている。
図36に、図33のメモリセルアレイにおいて第3の選択素子がPMOSトランジスタである上層メモリセルアレイの等価回路を示す。
本発明の実施の形態2においては、下層メモリセルへのアクセスに関しては、実施の形態1と同一であるため、説明を省く。
<<階層クロスポイント構造かつワード線両側駆動への適用>>
図38に、本発明の実施の形態3として、ビット線方向にメモリセルアレイ区画を複数配置した階層型クロスポイント構造のメモリセルアレイに対して、ワード線をメモリセルアレイの両側から駆動する回路構成を示す。ここでは、j個の階層をもつ階層型クロスポイント構造のメモリセルアレイの構成を説明する。
図40に、図38のメモリセルアレイの等価回路を示す。
図40に示す本発明の実施の形態3のメモリセルアレイ回路の等価回路は、図28に示す実施の形態1のメモリセルアレイ回路の等価回路図に関して、左右にミラー反転し、実施の形態1の等価回路の右側に左右反転した等価回路を追加的に配置した構成である。
<<階層クロスポイント構造かつ主ビット線が並ぶ方向での離散的な設定への適用>>
図43に、本発明の実施の形態4となる階層型クロスポイント構造のメモリセルアレイの回路構成を示す。本実施の形態では、メモリセルの構成は、実施の形態3と同じであるが、ワード線だけでなく、主ビット線の配線抵抗をも考慮して第1の選択素子のオン抵抗値を決定している点が異なる。
Wn0_a(書き込み回路に最も近いNMOSトランジスタのチャネル幅)<Wn1_a<...<Wn7_a(書き込み回路に最も遠いNMOSトランジスタのチャネル幅)
(但し、a=0~8、b=0~7)
図44Aに、図43のメモリセルアレイにおける、書き込み回路60-0~60-k-1に最も近い第1階層のメモリセルアレイ区画M0_0~M0_8に関する低抵抗化時の等価回路を示す。また、図44Bに、書き込み回路60-0~60-k-1から最も遠い第8階層のメモリセルアレイ区画M7_0~M7_8に関する低抵抗化時の等価回路を示す。
図44A及び図44Bに示す本発明の実施の形態4のメモリセルアレイ回路の等価回路では、図28に示す実施の形態1のメモリセルアレイ回路の等価回路図で示すワード線の配線抵抗による電圧降下分と、主ビット線の配線抵抗による電圧降下分の電圧総和分だけ、データ線IO0~IO8に印加した電圧VL(約5V)を目減りさせるように働く。
<<1T1R構造への適用>>
図45に、本発明の実施の形態5として、1T1R構造のメモリセルアレイの回路構成を示す。
Wn0、Wn1<Wn2、Wn3<Wn4、Wn5<Wn6、Wn7<Wn8
のように定める。ここで、各メモリアレイ区画内のm個の選択素子としてのNMOSトランジスタのチャネル幅は同一としている。
図47に、図45のメモリセルアレイの等価回路を示す。
図48に、本発明の実施の形態5における、代表的な位置のメモリセルでの動作点を示す。この図では、メモリセルアレイの左端及び右端の2箇所について図示した。なお、本図では、図8に示した抵抗変化素子の低抵抗化及び高抵抗化の動作点のグラフに対し、低抵抗化に関する左側の象限のみを抽出して図示している。また、この図48における抵抗変化素子のIV特性R1及びR2については、図8に示す点A0を経由した高抵抗状態から低抵抗状態への遷移を示す上側の特性線のみを抽出して図示した。
メモリセルアレイの左端においては、メモリセル0_0_0及び0_1_0のIV特性R1と、NMOSトランジスタTS0_0_0及びTS0_1_0のIV特性TSL1とが交点A1でバランスし、メモリセルに流れる電流は約140μAのメモリセル電流となる。
メモリセルアレイの右端においては、メモリセル0_8_0において、ソース線XL0_0の配線抵抗での電圧降下により、ソース線における電位が浮く。このため、図48においては、メモリセル0_8_0のIV特性が、特性R1に対して電圧降下分左にシフトした特性R2として表現される。
<<1T1R構造ソース線両側駆動への適用>>
図49に、本発明の実施の形態6として、1T1R構造のメモリセルアレイに対して、ワード線を両側から駆動する回路構成を示す。
Wn0、Wn1、Wn16、Wn17<Wn2、Wn3、Wn14、Wn15<Wn4、Wn5、Wn12、Wn13<Wn6、Wn7、Wn10、Wn11<Wn8、Wn9
のように定める。
本発明の実施の形態3において、クロスポイント構造の例でも述べたように、実施の形態6で示すソース線の両側駆動での等価回路は、片側駆動である実施の形態5の等価回路のミラー反転との組合せとなる。
本発明の実施の形態6のメモリセルアレイにおいては、ソース線XL0の左右端に位置するメモリセルの動作点を図48のソース線XL0の左端のメモリセルの動作点とみなし、ソース線XL0の中央のメモリセルの動作点を図48のソース線の右端にメモリセルの動作点とみなすことができる。
<<1T1R構造かつビット線が並ぶ方向での離散的な設定への適用>>
図50に、本発明の実施の形態7となる1T1R構造のメモリセルアレイの回路構成を示す。
Wn0_a<Wn1_a<...<Wn7_a
(但し、a=0~8、b=0~7)
図51Aに、図50のメモリセルアレイにおける、書き込み回路60-0~60-k-1に最も近い抵抗変化素子0_0_0~0_8_0に関する低抵抗化時の等価回路を示す。また、図51Bに、書き込み回路60-0~60-k-1から最も遠い抵抗変化素子7_0_0~7_8_0に関する低抵抗化時の等価回路を示す。
図51A及び図51Bに示す本発明の実施の形態7のメモリセルアレイ回路の等価回路では、図48に示す実施の形態5のメモリセルアレイ回路の等価回路図で示すソース線の配線抵抗による電圧降下分と、ビット線の配線抵抗による電圧降下分の電圧総和分だけ、データ線IO0~IO8に印加した電圧VLを目減りさせるように働く。
10 抵抗変化素子
11 上部電極(第3電極)
12 第2の抵抗変化層
13 第1の抵抗変化層
14 下部電極
15 選択トランジスタ
16-1、16-2、16-3、16-4 NMOSトランジスタ
17-1、17-2 PMOSトランジスタ
18 論理反転ゲート
20 電流制御素子
21 上部電極(第2電極)
22 電流制御層
23 下部電極(第1電極)
31~33、36、37 ビア
34、35 コンタクト
40、40-1、40-2 ワード線駆動回路
41 選択制御線駆動回路
42-1、42-2 ソース線駆動回路
51 クロスポイント構造のメモリセル
52、52a、52b ワード線
53、53a、53b、53c ビット線
55 1T1R構造のメモリセル
60-0~60-k-1 書き込み回路
70 上部配線(ワード線又はソース線)
71 下部配線(ビット線)
71a 上層配線(ビット線)
73 下部配線
74、75 配線層
76 ポリシリコン配線(ワード線)
M0_0~Mj-1_k-1 複数のメモリセルアレイ区画
S0_0~Sj-1_k-1 複数の選択回路
0_0_0_0~j-1_n-1_k-1_m-1 クロスポイント構造メモリセルアレイの複数のメモリセル
0_0_0~n-1_k-1_m-1 1T1R構造メモリセルアレイの複数の抵抗変化素子
TS0_0_0~TSj-1_k-1_m-1、TS0_0_0~TSn-1_k-1_m-1 複数の第1の選択素子(NMOSトランジスタ)
TC0_0~TCk-1_m-1 複数の第2の選択素子(転送ゲート)
BL0_0_0~BLj-1_k-1_m-1 複数のサブビット線
GBL0_0~GBLk-1_m-1 複数の主ビット線
WL0_0~WLj-1_n-1 複数のワード線
SL0~SLj-1、SL0_0~SLj-1_0、SL0_1~SLj-1_1 複数のサブビット線選択制御線(サブビット線選択制御信号)
XL0~XLn-1 ソース線
CS0~CSm-1 複数の主ビット線選択制御線(主ビット線選択制御信号)
IO0~IOk-1 複数のデータ線
Wn、Wn0~Wnk-1 複数のNMOS選択素子のチャネル幅
Wp、Wp0~Wpk-1 複数のPMOS選択素子のチャネル幅
Claims (16)
- 複数のビット線と、
前記複数のビット線と交差する複数のワード線と、
前記複数のビット線と前記複数のワード線との交点に配置された、少なくとも抵抗変化素子を含んで構成され、第1の抵抗状態及び第2の抵抗状態の少なくとも二つの抵抗状態を可逆的に変化する複数のメモリセルと、
前記複数のメモリセルのうち、前記複数のビット線のうちの少なくとも1つのビット線である第1のビット線に接続されたメモリセルの集まりを第1のメモリセルアレイ単位としたときに、前記第1のビット線に書き込み電圧を印加する第1の書き込み回路と、
前記複数のメモリセルのうち、前記複数のビット線のうちの前記第1のビット線とは異なる少なくとも1つのビット線である第2のビット線に接続されたメモリセルの集まりを第2のメモリセルアレイ単位としたときに、前記第2のビット線に書き込み電圧を印加する第2の書き込み回路と、
前記第1の書き込み回路と前記第1のビット線のうちの少なくとも1つとを接続又は非接続にする第1の選択回路と、
前記第2の書き込み回路と前記第2のビット線のうちの少なくとも1つとを接続又は非接続にする第2の選択回路と、
前記複数のワード線を選択的に駆動する第1のワード線駆動回路とを備え、
前記複数のメモリセルには、データ記憶を目的とするメモリセルとデータ記憶を目的としないメモリセルとが含まれ、
前記第1及び第2の書き込み回路は、それぞれ、前記第1及び第2のビット線に対して同時に書き込み電圧を印加し、
前記第1及び第2の書き込み回路によって同時に書き込みが行われる複数のメモリセルの書き込み単位には、同じワード線上に前記データ記憶を目的とするメモリセルと前記データ記憶を目的としないメモリセルとが含まれ、
前記第1のワード線駆動回路に対して、前記第1のメモリセルアレイ単位が、前記第2のメモリセルアレイ単位よりも近くに配置され、
前記第1の選択回路が前記第1の書き込み回路と前記第1のビット線とを接続しているときにおける前記第1の選択回路の抵抗値である第1のオン抵抗値は、前記第2の選択回路が前記第2の書き込み回路と前記第2のビット線とを接続しているときにおける前記第2の選択回路の抵抗値である第2のオン抵抗値よりも大きい
抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶装置。 - 前記第1の抵抗状態における前記メモリセルの抵抗値は、前記第2の抵抗状態における前記メモリセルの抵抗値よりも小さく、
前記第1のメモリセルアレイ単位内の第1のメモリセルが前記第2の抵抗状態から前記第1の抵抗状態に遷移する際に前記第1のメモリセルに流れる最大の電流を第1の低抵抗化電流値とし、前記第2のメモリセルアレイ単位内の第2のメモリセルが前記第2の抵抗状態から前記第1の抵抗状態に遷移する際に前記第2のメモリセルに流れる最大の電流を第2の低抵抗化電流値とするとき、前記第1の低抵抗化電流値が前記第2の低抵抗化電流値とほぼ等しくなるように、前記第1のオン抵抗値は、前記第2のオン抵抗値よりも大きく設定されている
請求項1に記載の抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶装置。 - 前記第1及び第2の選択回路は、NMOSトランジスタあるいはPMOSトランジスタで構成され、
前記メモリセルが前記第2の抵抗状態から前記第1の抵抗状態に遷移する際に前記第1及び第2の選択回路に流れる電流の方向である第1の電流方向と、前記メモリセルが前記第1の抵抗状態から前記第2の抵抗状態に遷移する際に前記第1及び第2の選択回路に流れる電流の方向である第2の電流方向とが逆であり、
前記第1及び第2の選択回路は、前記第1の電流方向において前記第2の電流方向よりも基板バイアス効果が大きくなるような位置関係で前記メモリセルと接続されている
請求項2に記載の抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶装置。 - 前記第1の選択回路を構成するトランジスタのチャネル幅は、前記第2の選択回路を構成するトランジスタのチャネル幅よりも小さい
請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶装置。 - 前記第1及び第2のビット線は、同一の層に形成され、
前記複数のビット線には、前記第1及び第2のビット線が形成された層と別の層に形成され、前記複数のビット線のうちの少なくとも1つのビット線から構成される第3及び第4のビット線が含まれ、
前記複数のメモリセルには、前記第3のビット線に接続されたメモリセルの集まりである第3のメモリセルアレイ単位と、前記第4のビット線に接続されたメモリセルの集まりである第4のメモリセルアレイ単位とが含まれ、
前記抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶装置は、
前記第1の書き込み回路と前記第3のビット線のうちの少なくとも1つとを接続する第3の選択回路と、
前記第2の書き込み回路と前記第4のビット線のうちの少なくとも1つとを接続する第4の選択回路とをさらに備え、
前記第1及び第2のメモリセルアレイ単位においては、前記ワード線から前記メモリセルを介して前記ビット線に電流が流れたときにより高い抵抗状態に遷移するように前記メモリセルが前記ワード線及び前記ビット線に接続され、かつ、前記第3及び第4のメモリセルアレイ単位においては、前記ビット線から前記メモリセルを介して前記ワード線に電流が流れたときにより高い抵抗状態に遷移するように前記メモリセルが前記ワード線及び前記ビット線に接続され、
前記第1及び第2の選択回路はNMOSトランジスタで構成され、かつ、前記第3及び第4の選択回路はPMOSトランジスタで構成され、
前記第1のワード線駆動回路に対して、前記第3のメモリセルアレイ単位が、前記第4のメモリセルアレイ単位よりも近くに配置され、
前記第3の選択回路が前記第1の書き込み回路と前記第3のビット線とを接続しているときにおける前記第3の選択回路の抵抗値である第3のオン抵抗値は、第4の選択回路が前記第2の書き込み回路と前記第4のビット線とを接続しているときにおける前記第4の選択回路の抵抗値である第4のオン抵抗値よりも大きい
請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶装置。 - 前記複数のビット線には、前記複数のビット線のうちの少なくとも1つのビット線から構成される第3及び第4のビット線が含まれ、
前記複数のメモリセルには、前記第3のビット線に接続されたメモリセルの集まりである第3のメモリセルアレイ単位と、前記第4のビット線に接続されたメモリセルの集まりである第4のメモリセルアレイ単位とが含まれ、
前記抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶装置は、
前記第1の書き込み回路と前記第3のビット線のうちの少なくとも1つとを接続する第3の選択回路と、
前記第2の書き込み回路と前記第4のビット線のうちの少なくとも1つとを接続する第4の選択回路とをさらに備え、
前記第1のワード線駆動回路に対して、前記第3のメモリセルアレイ単位が、前記第4のメモリセルアレイ単位よりも近くに配置され、
前記第1の書き込み回路に対して、前記第1のメモリセルアレイ単位が、前記第3のメモリセルアレイ単位よりも近くに配置され、
前記第2の書き込み回路に対して、前記第2のメモリセルアレイ単位が、前記第4のメモリセルアレイ単位よりも近くに配置され、
前記第3の選択回路が前記第1の書き込み回路と前記第3のビット線とを接続しているときにおける前記第3の選択回路の抵抗値である第3のオン抵抗値は、前記第4の選択回路が前記第2の書き込み回路と前記第4のビット線とを接続しているときにおける前記第4の選択回路の抵抗値である第4のオン抵抗値よりも大きく、
前記第3のオン抵抗値は、前記第1のオン抵抗値よりも小さく、
前記第4のオン抵抗値は、前記第2のオン抵抗値よりも小さい
請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶装置。 - 前記複数のメモリセルのうち、前記複数のビット線のうちの少なくとも1つのビット線である第3のビット線に接続されたメモリセルの集まりを第3のメモリセルアレイ単位としたときに、前記第3のビット線に書き込み電圧を印加する第3の書き込み回路と、
前記複数のメモリセルのうち、前記複数のビット線のうちの少なくとも1つのビット線である第4のビット線に接続されたメモリセルの集まりを第4のメモリセルアレイ単位としたときに、前記第4のビット線に書き込み電圧を印加する第4の書き込み回路と、
前記第3の書き込み回路と前記第3のビット線のうちの少なくとも1つとを接続又は非接続にする第3の選択回路と、
前記第4の書き込み回路と前記第4のビット線のうちの少なくとも1つとを接続又は非接続にする第4の選択回路と、
前記複数のワード線を駆動する第2のワード線駆動回路とをさらに備え、
前記第1のワード線駆動回路から前記第2のワード線駆動回路に向けて、前記第1、第2、第4及び第3のメモリセルアレイ単位がこの順番で配列され、
前記第3の選択回路が前記第3の書き込み回路と前記第3のビット線とを接続しているときにおける前記第3の選択回路の抵抗値である第3のオン抵抗値は、前記第4の選択回路が前記第4の書き込み回路と前記第4のビット線とを接続しているときにおける前記第4の選択回路の抵抗値である第4のオン抵抗値よりも大きい
請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶装置。 - 前記第1及び第2の選択回路の各々は、
対応するビット線に書き込み電圧を印加するビット線選択スイッチ素子と、
前記ビット線選択スイッチ素子と直列に接続され、NMOSトランジスタで構成されるN型電流制限素子とPMOSトランジスタで構成されるP型電流制限素子とが並列に接続された電流制限素子とで構成され、
前記N型電流制限素子と前記P型電流制限素子とは、一方がオンの時、他方はオフとなるよう選択的にオンされ、
前記第1の選択回路を構成する前記N型及びP型電流制限素子のうちのオンになっている一方のオン抵抗値は、前記第2の選択回路を構成する前記N型及びP型電流制限素子のうちのオンになっている一方のオン抵抗値よりも大きい
請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶装置。 - 前記複数のメモリセルの各々は、前記抵抗変化素子と、非線形な電流電圧特性を有する電流制御素子とが直列に接続されて構成される
請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶装置。 - 複数のワード線に共通に接続され、ワード線駆動回路から順番に配置されたk個のメモリセルアレイ単位を有する抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶装置において、前記メモリセルアレイ単位で区切られる(k-1)区画毎の前記ワード線の配線抵抗をRWLとし、前記ワード線駆動回路に最も近い第1のメモリセルアレイ単位において選択されたメモリセルである選択メモリセルと書き込み回路とを接続する第1番目の選択回路のオン抵抗をR(1)とし、前記選択メモリセルが第2の抵抗状態からより抵抗値が小さい第1の抵抗状態に遷移する際に前記選択メモリセルに流れる電流を第1の低抵抗化電流値をI0とするとき、
前記ワード線駆動回路から第h番目(1≦h≦k)のメモリセルアレイ単位までの前記ワード線での電圧降下量VW(h)を、各ワード線の区画毎の電圧降下量の総和として、少なくとも前記I0と前記RWLとの積と前記変数hとを用いて計算し、第h番目のメモリセルアレイ単位おいて選択されたメモリセルと書き込み回路とを接続する第h番目の選択回路のオン抵抗R(h)を、少なくとも前記I0と前記R(1)と前記VW(h)とを用いて計算することで、第1番目~第k番目の前記メモリセルアレイ単位に対応する第1番目~第k番目の低抵抗化電流値がほぼ等しくなるように、第1番目~第k番目の前記メモリセルアレイ単位に対応する第1番目~第k番目の選択回路のオン抵抗値を設定する
抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶装置における選択回路のオン抵抗値の計算方法。 - 前記kを5とし、
前記第1番目~第5番目の選択回路の各々のオン抵抗値の逆数の比を、それぞれ、0.81、0.88、0.94、0.98、1.00を中心とする±0.04の範囲内と定められている
請求項10に記載の抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶装置における選択回路のオン抵抗値の計算方法。 - 請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載の抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶装置の書き込み方法であって、
前記第1のワード線駆動回路が前記複数のワード線を選択的に駆動し、
前記第1及び第2の書き込み回路が、それぞれ、前記第1及び第2のビット線に対して同時に書き込み電圧を印加することにより、前記第1及び第2のメモリセルアレイ単位のそれぞれに含まれる第1及び第2のメモリセルに対して同時に書き込みを行う
抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶装置の書き込み方法。 - 複数のビット線と、
前記複数のビット線と交差する複数のワード線及び複数のソース線と、
前記複数のビット線と前記複数のソース線との交点に配置され、前記複数のワード線のそれぞれによりオン及びオフが制御される選択素子と抵抗変化素子とを含んで構成され、第1の抵抗状態及び第2の抵抗状態の少なくとも二つの抵抗状態を可逆的に変化する複数のメモリセルと、
前記複数のメモリセルのうち、前記複数のビット線のうちの少なくとも1つのビット線である第1のビット線に接続されたメモリセルの集まりを第1のメモリセルアレイ単位としたときに、前記第1のビット線に書き込み電圧を印加する第1の書き込み回路と、
前記複数のメモリセルのうち、前記複数のビット線のうちの前記第1のビット線とは異なる少なくとも1つのビット線である第2のビット線に接続されたメモリセルの集まりを第2のメモリセルアレイ単位としたときに、前記第2のビット線に書き込み電圧を印加する第2の書き込み回路と、
前記第1の書き込み回路と前記第1のビット線のうちの少なくとも1つとを接続又は非接続にする第1の選択回路と、
前記第2の書き込み回路と前記第2のビット線のうちの少なくとも1つとを接続又は非接続にする第2の選択回路と、
前記複数のソース線を駆動する第1のソース線駆動回路と、
前記複数のワード線を選択的に駆動するワード線駆動回路とを備え、
前記複数のメモリセルには、データ記憶を目的とするメモリセルとデータ記憶を目的としないメモリセルとが含まれ、
前記第1及び第2の書き込み回路は、それぞれ、前記第1及び第2のビット線に対して同時に書き込み電圧を印加し、
前記第1及び第2の書き込み回路によって同時に書き込みが行われる複数のメモリセルの書き込み単位には、同じワード線上に前記データ記憶を目的とするメモリセルと前記データ記憶を目的としないメモリセルとが含まれ、
前記第1のソース線駆動回路に対して、前記第1のメモリセルアレイ単位が、前記第2のメモリセルアレイ単位よりも近くに配置され、
前記第1のメモリセルアレイ単位に含まれる前記選択素子である第1の選択素子のオン状態における抵抗値である第1のオン抵抗値は、前記第2のメモリセルアレイ単位に含まれる前記選択素子である第2の選択素子のオン状態における抵抗値である第2のオン抵抗値よりも大きい
抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶装置。 - 前記複数のメモリセルのうち、前記複数のビット線のうちの少なくとも1つのビット線である第3のビット線に接続されたメモリセルの集まりを第3のメモリセルアレイ単位としたときに、前記第3のビット線に書き込み電圧を印加する第3の書き込み回路と、
前記複数のメモリセルのうち、前記複数のビット線のうちの少なくとも1つのビット線である第4のビット線に接続されたメモリセルの集まりを第4のメモリセルアレイ単位としたときに、前記第4のビット線に書き込み電圧を印加する第4の書き込み回路と、
前記第3の書き込み回路と前記第3のビット線のうちの少なくとも1つとを接続又は非接続にする第3の選択回路と、
前記第4の書き込み回路と前記第4のビット線のうちの少なくとも1つとを接続又は非接続にする第4の選択回路と、
前記複数のソース線を駆動する第2のソース線駆動回路とをさらに備え、
前記第1のソース線駆動回路から第2のソース線駆動回路に向けて、前記第1、第2、第4、第3のメモリセルアレイ単位がこの順番で配列され、
前記第3のメモリセルアレイ単位に含まれる前記選択素子である第3の選択素子のオン状態における抵抗値である第3のオン抵抗値は、前記第4のメモリセルアレイ単位に含まれる前記選択素子である第4の選択素子のオン状態における抵抗値である第4のオン抵抗値よりも大きい
請求項13に記載の抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶装置。 - 前記複数のメモリセルには、前記第1のビット線に接続されたメモリセルの集まりである第3のメモリセルアレイ単位と、前記第2のビット線に接続され、前記複数のソース線と前記複数のワード線が前記第3のメモリセルアレイ単位と共通接続されたメモリセルの集まりである第4のメモリセルアレイ単位とが含まれ、
前記抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶装置は、
前記第1のソース線駆動回路に対して、前記第3のメモリセルアレイ単位が、前記第4のメモリセルアレイ単位よりも近くに配置され、
前記第1の書き込み回路に対して、前記第1のメモリセルアレイ単位が、前記第3のメモリセルアレイ単位よりも近くに配置され、
前記第2の書き込み回路に対して、前記第2のメモリセルアレイ単位が、前記第4のメモリセルアレイ単位よりも近くに配置され、
前記第3のメモリセルアレイ単位に含まれる前記選択素子である第3の選択素子のオン状態における抵抗値である第3のオン抵抗値は、前記第4のメモリセルアレイ単位に含まれる前記選択素子である第4の選択素子のオン状態における抵抗値である第4のオン抵抗値よりも大きく、
前記第1のオン抵抗値は、前記第3のオン抵抗値よりも大きく、
前記第2のオン抵抗値は、前記第4のオン抵抗値よりも大きい
請求項13に記載の抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶装置。 - 請求項13~15のいずれか1項に記載の抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶装置の書き込み方法であって、
前記第1のソース線駆動回路が、前記複数のソース線を選択的に駆動し、
前記ワード線駆動回路が、前記複数のワード線のうち、前記第1のソース線駆動回路が駆動したソース線に対応するワード線を選択的に駆動し、
前記第1及び第2の書き込み回路が、それぞれ、前記第1及び第2のビット線に対して同時に書き込み電圧を印加することにより、前記第1及び第2のメモリセルアレイ単位のそれぞれに含まれる第1及び第2のメモリセルに対して同時に書き込みを行う
抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶装置の書き込み方法。
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JP5271460B1 (ja) | 2013-08-21 |
JPWO2013080511A1 (ja) | 2015-04-27 |
US20140112055A1 (en) | 2014-04-24 |
US8902635B2 (en) | 2014-12-02 |
CN103229244A (zh) | 2013-07-31 |
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