WO2012161477A2 - 출력 밀도 특성이 향상된 고출력의 리튬 이차전지 - Google Patents
출력 밀도 특성이 향상된 고출력의 리튬 이차전지 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012161477A2 WO2012161477A2 PCT/KR2012/003945 KR2012003945W WO2012161477A2 WO 2012161477 A2 WO2012161477 A2 WO 2012161477A2 KR 2012003945 W KR2012003945 W KR 2012003945W WO 2012161477 A2 WO2012161477 A2 WO 2012161477A2
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- lithium secondary
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- graphite
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
- B60L50/64—Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/5825—Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
- B60L58/26—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by cooling
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/364—Composites as mixtures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/021—Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/446—Composite material consisting of a mixture of organic and inorganic materials
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a high output lithium secondary battery having improved output density characteristics, and more particularly, a first positive electrode active material having a layered structure represented by Formula 1 and a second positive electrode active material having a spinel structure represented by Chemical Formula 2 as a positive electrode active material.
- a positive electrode, the content of the second positive electrode active material being 40 to 100 wt% based on the total weight of the positive electrode active material;
- it relates to a high output lithium secondary battery comprising a; separator.
- a lithium secondary battery used as a power source of electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles is required to have a high output characteristic that can exhibit a large output in a short time.
- a lithium cobalt composite oxide having a layered structure and a cathode active material of a lithium secondary battery have been generally used.
- cobalt which is a main component, is very expensive and its output characteristics are poor. It is not suitable for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) requiring high power because it obtains a high output from the battery which is temporarily required for oscillation and rapid acceleration.
- HEVs hybrid electric vehicles
- the negative electrode active material has a very low discharge potential of about -3V with respect to the standard hydrogen electrode potential, exhibits a very reversible charging and discharging behavior due to the uniaxial orientation of the graphite layer, thereby excellent electrode life characteristics Crystalline graphite showing cycle life is mainly used.
- the crystalline graphite is not excellent in output characteristics, there is a problem that it is not suitable as an energy source for a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) that requires a high output.
- HEV hybrid electric vehicle
- the present invention aims to solve the problems of the prior art as described above and the technical problems that have been requested from the past.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a lithium secondary battery that exhibits the same capacity as a conventional lithium secondary battery using crystalline graphite and exhibits improved high output and long life characteristics.
- the high output lithium secondary battery according to the present invention includes a first positive electrode active material having a layered structure represented by Chemical Formula 1 and a second positive electrode active material having a spinel structure represented by Chemical Formula 2, wherein the content of the second positive electrode active material is positive A positive electrode of 40 to 100% by weight based on the total weight of the active material; A negative electrode including crystalline graphite having a specific surface area of 0.005 to 0.013 m 2 / mAh as a negative electrode active material; And a separation membrane.
- M is at least one metal or transition metal cation of +2 to + 4-valent oxidation number;
- A is a -1 or -divalent anion.
- M ' is at least one metal or transition metal cation of +2 to + 4-valent oxidation number; A 'is -1 or -bivalent anion.
- the crystalline graphite may be one or a mixture thereof selected from the group consisting of a first graphite having a specific surface area relative to the capacity of 0.007 to 0.011 and a second graphite having a specific surface area relative to the capacity of 0.005 to 0.013.
- the mixing ratio of the first graphite and the second graphite may be determined in the range of 1: 9 to 9: 1.
- the powder conductivity of the second graphite is equivalent to the powder conductivity of amorphous carbon, thereby improving output characteristics.
- the second graphite exhibits advantages in long-life characteristics because its internal structure is similar to that of amorphous carbon.
- 10% by weight to 50% by weight of the first positive electrode active material and the second positive electrode based on the total weight of the positive electrode active material include the positive electrode active material having a layered structure represented by Chemical Formula 1 and the spinel structure represented by Chemical Formula 2
- the active material may be mixed in the range of 50 wt% to 90 wt%.
- the first positive electrode active material has a powder conductivity of 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 S / cm or more at an average particle diameter of capacity of 0.01 to 0.12 ⁇ m / mAh and a powder density of 2.65 to 2.85 g / cc Lithium transition metal oxide having a layered crystal structure of less than 10 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 S / cm.
- the cathode active material represented by Chemical Formula 1 includes mixed transition metals of Ni and Mn, and the average oxidation number of all transition metals except lithium is greater than +3, and the nickel content is based on molar ratio. It may be a lithium transition metal oxide of a layered crystal structure satisfying a condition equal to or greater than the content.
- the lithium transition metal oxide represented by Chemical Formula 1 may be Li (Ni 0.5 Mn 0.3 Co 0.2 ) O 2 or Li (Ni 1/3 Mn 1/3 Co 1/3 ) O 2. have.
- a transition metal such as Ni, Mn, Co, etc. may be substituted with a metal of + 2-valent to + 4-valent oxidation number and / or other transition metal (M) element, specifically, Al, Mg, and Ti. It may be substituted with one or more selected from the group consisting of, in this case the detailed substitution amount may be 0.3 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.6.
- the second positive electrode active material has a powder conductivity of 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 S / cm or more at an average particle diameter of capacity of 0.1 to 0.2 ⁇ m / mAh and a powder density of 2.65 to 2.85 g / cc Lithium transition metal oxide having a spinel crystal structure of less than 10 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 S / cm.
- M ′ in Formula 2 may be at least one selected from the group consisting of Co, Mn, Ni, Al, Mg, and Ti.
- oxygen ions in Chemical Formulas 1 and 2 may be substituted with an oxidation number -1 or -divalent anion (A, A ') in a predetermined range, wherein A and A' are independently of each other F It may be one or more selected from the group consisting of halogen, such as Cl, Br, I, S and N.
- the bonding strength with the transition metal is excellent and the structural transition of the compound is prevented, so that the life of the battery can be improved.
- the amount of substitution of the anions A and A ' is too large (t> 0.2), there is a problem in that the life characteristics are lowered due to the incomplete crystal structure.
- the high power lithium secondary battery according to the present invention including the positive electrode active material having a specific physical quantity as described above and the negative electrode active material has a volume-to-volume capacity of 0.03 to 0.05 Ah / cm 3 and an energy to volume of 0.1 to 0.2 Wh / cm 3 . Characterized in having a.
- the physical quantities can be measured according to measurement methods known in the art, specifically, the specific surface area can be measured by the BET method, the powder density can be measured by the true density measurement method, the powder conductivity is the powder After making into pellets, it can be measured by measuring sheet resistance.
- the separator is interposed between the anode and the cathode, and an insulating thin film having high ion permeability and mechanical strength is used.
- the pore diameter of the separator is generally from 0.01 to 10 ⁇ m ⁇ m, thickness is generally 5 ⁇ 300 ⁇ m.
- olefin polymers such as chemical resistance and hydrophobic polypropylene; Sheet or nonwoven fabric made of glass fiber or polyethylene; Kraft paper or the like is used.
- Typical examples currently on the market include Celgard series (Celgard R 2400, 2300 (manufactured by Hoechest Celanese Corp.), polypropylene separator (manufactured by Ube Industries Ltd. or Pall RAI), polyethylene series (Tonen or Entek), etc.).
- the separator may be an organic-inorganic composite separator comprising an inorganic material, such as polyolefin-based separator and silicon.
- an organic-inorganic composite separator described above improves the safety of the lithium secondary battery, etc., as described in the prior applications of the applicant.
- the present invention also provides a medium-large battery module including the high-output lithium secondary battery as a unit cell, and a medium-large battery pack including the battery module.
- the battery pack may be applied to a power source that requires high power, such as an electric vehicle or a hybrid electric vehicle, and may be applied to a power storage device in which stability and reliability according to high power are important.
- a power source that requires high power such as an electric vehicle or a hybrid electric vehicle
- the present invention provides a device using the battery pack as a power source, and specifically, the battery pack may be used as a power source of an electric vehicle, a hybrid-electric vehicle, a plug-in hybrid vehicle, or a power storage device.
- the positive electrode may be prepared by applying a slurry prepared by mixing the positive electrode mixture including the positive electrode active material in a solvent such as NMP onto a positive electrode current collector, followed by drying and rolling.
- the positive electrode mixture may optionally include a conductive material, a binder, a filler, etc. in addition to the positive electrode active material.
- the positive electrode current collector is generally made to a thickness of 3 to 500 ⁇ m. Such a positive electrode current collector is not particularly limited as long as it has high conductivity without causing chemical change in the battery. For example, copper, stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, calcined carbon, copper or stainless steel Surface-treated with carbon, nickel, titanium, silver and the like on the surface, aluminum-cadmium alloy and the like can be used.
- the positive electrode current collector may form fine concavities and convexities on the surface to strengthen the bonding strength of the positive electrode active material, and may be used in various forms such as a film, a sheet, a foil, a net, a porous body, a foam, and a nonwoven fabric.
- the conductive material is typically added in an amount of 1 to 30 wt% based on the total weight of the mixture including the positive electrode active material.
- a conductive material is not particularly limited as long as it has conductivity without causing chemical change in the battery, and examples thereof include graphite such as natural graphite and artificial graphite; Carbon blacks such as carbon black, acetylene black, Ketjen black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, and summer black; Conductive fibers such as carbon fibers and metal fibers; Metal powders such as carbon fluoride powder, aluminum powder and nickel powder; Conductive whiskeys such as zinc oxide and potassium titanate; Conductive metal oxides such as titanium oxide; Conductive materials such as polyphenylene derivatives and the like can be used.
- the binder is a component that assists in bonding the active material and the conductive agent to the current collector, and is generally added in an amount of 1 to 30 wt% based on the total weight of the mixture including the positive electrode active material.
- binders include polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), starch, hydroxypropyl cellulose, regenerated cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, tetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene , Polypropylene, ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer (EPDM), sulfonated EPDM, styrene butylene rubber, fluorine rubber, various copolymers and the like.
- the filler is optionally used as a component for inhibiting expansion of the positive electrode, and is not particularly limited as long as it is a fibrous material without causing chemical change in the battery.
- the filler include olefinic polymers such as polyethylene and polypropylene; Fibrous materials, such as glass fiber and carbon fiber, are used.
- isopropyl alcohol N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), acetone, and the like may be typically used.
- the method of evenly applying the paste of the electrode material to the metal material can be selected from known methods or performed by a new suitable method in consideration of the properties of the material.
- the paste may be distributed over the current collector, and then uniformly dispersed using a doctor blade or the like.
- a method of distributing and dispersing in one process may be used.
- a method such as die casting, comma coating, screen printing, or the like may be used, or the current collector may be formed on a separate substrate and then pressed or laminated. It can also be bonded with.
- Drying of the paste applied on the metal plate is preferably dried within one day in a vacuum oven at 50 to 200 °C.
- the negative electrode is manufactured by coating and drying the negative electrode active material on the negative electrode current collector, and optionally, components such as the conductive agent, the binder, and the filler as described above may be optionally further included.
- the negative electrode current collector is generally made to a thickness of 3 to 500 ⁇ m.
- a negative electrode current collector is not particularly limited as long as it has conductivity without causing chemical change in the battery.
- the surface of copper, stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, calcined carbon, copper or stainless steel Surface-treated with carbon, nickel, titanium, silver, and the like, aluminum-cadmium alloy, and the like can be used.
- fine concavities and convexities may be formed on the surface to enhance the bonding strength of the negative electrode active material, and may be used in various forms such as a film, a sheet, a foil, a net, a porous body, a foam, and a nonwoven fabric.
- the lithium salt-containing non-aqueous electrolyte consists of a nonaqueous electrolyte and lithium.
- a nonaqueous electrolyte a nonaqueous electrolyte, a solid electrolyte, an inorganic solid electrolyte, and the like are used.
- non-aqueous electrolyte N-methyl- 2-pyrrolidinone, a propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethylmethyl carbonate, for example , Gamma-butylo lactone, 1,2-dimethoxy ethane, 1,2-diethoxy ethane, tetrahydroxy franc, 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran, dimethyl sulfoxide, 1,3-dioxolon, 4-methyl-1,3-dioxene, diethyl ether, formamide, dimethylformamide, dioxolon, acetonitrile, nitromethane, methyl formate, methyl acetate, phosphate triester, trimethoxy methane, dioxolon Aprotic organic solvents such as derivatives, sulfolane, methyl sulfolane, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazo
- organic solid electrolyte examples include polyethylene derivatives, polyethylene oxide derivatives, polypropylene oxide derivatives, phosphate ester polymers, polyedgetion lysine, polyester sulfides, polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinylidene fluorides, Polymers containing ionic dissociating groups and the like can be used.
- Examples of the inorganic solid electrolyte include Li 3 N, LiI, Li 5 NI 2 , Li 3 N-LiI-LiOH, LiSiO 4 , LiSiO 4 -LiI-LiOH, Li 2 SiS 3 , Li 4 SiO 4 , Nitrides, halides, sulfates and the like of Li, such as Li 4 SiO 4 -LiI-LiOH, Li 3 PO 4 -Li 2 S-SiS 2 , and the like, may be used.
- the lithium salt is a good material to be dissolved in the non-aqueous electrolyte, for example, LiCl, LiBr, LiI, LiClO 4 , LiBF 4 , LiB 10 Cl 10 , LiPF 6 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiCF 3 CO 2 , LiAsF 6, LiSbF 6, LiAlCl 4, CH 3 SO 3 Li, CF 3 SO 3 Li, LiSCN, LiC (CF 3 SO 2) 3, (CF 3 SO 2) 2 NLi, chloroborane lithium, lower aliphatic carboxylic acid lithium, 4 phenyl lithium borate, imide and the like can be used.
- LiCl, LiBr, LiI, LiClO 4 , LiBF 4 , LiB 10 Cl 10 LiPF 6 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiCF 3 CO 2 , LiAsF 6, LiSbF 6, LiAlCl 4, CH 3 SO 3 Li, CF 3 SO 3 Li, LiSCN, LiC (CF 3 SO 2) 3, (
- pyridine triethyl phosphite, triethanolamine, cyclic ether, ethylene diamine, n-glyme, hexaphosphate triamide, nitro Benzene derivatives, sulfur, quinone imine dyes, N-substituted oxazolidinones, N, N-substituted imidazolidines, ethylene glycol dialkyl ethers, ammonium salts, pyrroles, 2-methoxy ethanol, aluminum trichloride and the like may be added. .
- a halogen-containing solvent such as carbon tetrachloride or ethylene trifluoride may be further included, and in order to improve high temperature storage characteristics, a carbon dioxide gas may be further included, and fluoro-ethylene carbonate), propene sultone (PRS), and fluoro-propylene carbonate (FPC).
- Figure 1 shows the results of X-ray diffraction analysis of the surface-modified first graphite according to the present invention
- (a) is the result of X-ray diffraction analysis before surface modification
- (b) is the result of X-ray diffraction analysis after surface modification to be.
- Cathode active material in which LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 having an average particle diameter of capacity of 0.05 ⁇ m / mAh and LiMn 2 O 4 having an average particle diameter of 0.14 ⁇ m / mAh of capacity are mixed in a mixing ratio of 30:70.
- Conductive material The amount of the binder is 89: 6.0: 5.0 and weighed to mix in NMP to prepare a positive electrode mixture, the positive electrode mixture is coated on a 20 ⁇ m aluminum foil, then rolled and dried A positive electrode was prepared.
- a graphite: conductive material having a specific surface area relative to the capacity of 0.009m 2 / mAh was measured so that the amount of the binder was 96: 1.5: 2.5, and then mixed in a mixer to prepare a negative electrode mixture.
- the negative electrode mixture was prepared by coating the negative electrode mixture on a 10 ⁇ m thick copper foil, followed by rolling and drying.
- a battery was manufactured using a carbonate electrolyte in which 1 mol of LiPF 6 was dissolved as the positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the electrolyte.
- LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 exhibits a powder conductivity of 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 S / cm at a powder density of 2.75 g / cc
- LiMn 2 O 4 shows 2.80 g / cc
- a powder conductivity of 5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 S / cm is exhibited
- graphite exhibits a powder conductivity of 250 S / cm at a powder density of 1.5 g / cc.
- Example 1 a battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that a positive electrode active material having a mixing ratio of LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 and LiMn 2 O 4 was 20:80. .
- Example 1 the specific surface area compared to the capacity 0.009m 2 / mAh in capacity compared to the specific surface area instead of the graphite is 0.008 m 2 / mAh in a powder density of 1.5 g / cc, a powder conductivity of 90 S / cm with the graphite Except that, a battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Example 3 a battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 3, except that a positive electrode active material having a mixing ratio of LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 and LiMn 2 O 4 was 20:80. .
- a battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the negative electrode active material in which the graphite of Example 1 and the graphite of Example 3 were mixed in a mixing ratio of 30:70 was used.
- Example 5 a battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 5, except that a positive electrode active material having a mixing ratio of LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 and LiMn 2 O 4 was 20:80. .
- Example 1 a battery was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the mixing ratio of LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 and LiMn 2 O 4 was 70:30.
- Example 1 a mixture of LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 having an average particle diameter of 0.12 ⁇ m / mAh and LiMn 2 O 4 having an average particle diameter of 0.23 ⁇ m / mAh was used as the positive electrode active material.
- a battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1 except for using.
- Example 1 LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 and 2.80 g / cc powder density exhibiting a powder conductivity of 9 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 S / cm at a powder density of 2.75 g / cc , A battery was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 1 except for using a mixture of LiMn 2 O 4 , which exhibits a powder conductivity of 5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 S / cm, as the positive electrode active material.
- Example 1 the specific surface area compared to the battery capacity was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1 except for using 0.009m 2 / mAh graphite instead of a specific surface area capacity compared to 0.004 m 2 / mAh of graphite.
- Example 1 graphite having a powder conductivity of 50 S / cm at a powder density of 1.5 g / cc was used instead of graphite having a powder conductivity of 250 S / cm under conditions of a powder density of 1.5 g / cc. Except that, a battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1.
- C-rate measurement criteria was 1A as 13A. Charging and discharging were conducted between 3.0V and 4.2V, and charging was measured by CC / CV and discharge by CC.
- OCV is the open circuit voltage immediately before the discharge pulse
- V is the end voltage of the 10 second discharge pulse; to be.
- the lithium secondary battery according to the present invention uses a second graphite exhibiting a powder conductivity equivalent to that of the first graphite and / or amorphous carbon showing a specific XRD peak as a negative electrode active material,
- a cathode active material that can be harmonized a lithium secondary battery is formed by using a mixture of a lithium transition metal oxide having a predetermined content ratio and a lithium manganese oxide having a spinel structure as a cathode active material, thereby forming a lithium secondary battery. It is possible to provide a lithium secondary battery that exhibits improved output characteristics while maintaining density characteristics.
Abstract
Description
Claims (17)
- 양극 활물질로서 하기 화학식 1로 표시되는 층상구조의 제 1 양극 활물질과 화학식 2로 표시되는 스피넬 구조의 제 2 양극 활물질을 포함하고 있고, 상기 제 2 양극 활물질의 함량이 양극 활물질 전체 중량을 기준으로 40 내지 100 중량%인 양극;음극 활물질로서 용량 대비 비표면적이 0.005 내지 0.013 m2/mAh인 결정질 흑연을 포함하는 음극; 및 분리막;을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 고출력 리튬 이차전지:Lix(NivMnwCoyMz)O2-tAt (1)상기 식에서,0.8<x≤1.3, 0≤v≤0.9, 0≤w≤0.9, 0≤y≤0.9, 0≤z≤0.9, x+v+w+y+z=2, 0≤t<0.2;M은 +2가 내지 +4가 산화수의 하나 이상의 금속 또는 전이금속 양이온이고;A는 -1 또는 -2가의 음이온이다.LiaMn2-bM'bO4-cA'c (2)상기 식에서,0.8<a≤1.3, 0≤b≤0.5, 0≤c≤0.3;M'는 +2가 내지 +4가 산화수의 하나 이상의 금속 또는 전이금속 양이온이고;A'는 -1 또는 -2가의 음이온이다.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 결정질 흑연은 용량 대비 비표면적이 0.007 내지 0.011인 제 1 흑연과 용량 대비 비표면적이 0.005 내지 0.013인 제 2 흑연으로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 1종 또는 이들의 혼합물인 것을 특징으로 하는 고출력 리튬 이차전지.
- 제 2 항에 있어서, 상기 제 1 흑연은 1.4 내지 1.6g/cc의 분체밀도에서 분체 전도도가 100 S/cm 이상 내지 1000 S/cm 미만인 것을 특징으로 하는 고출력 리튬 이차전지.
- 제 3 항에 있어서, 상기 제 1 흑연은 표면이 개질된 흑연으로서 XRD 데이터의 2θ = 43° (101)면의 능면정체 피크(rhombohedral peak)에서 3R 피크와 2H 피크가 구별되어 나타나는 것을 특징으로 하는 고출력 리튬 이차전지.
- 제 2 항에 있어서, 상기 제 2 흑연은 1.4 내지 1.6g/cc의 분체밀도에서 분체 전도도가 10 S/cm 이상 내지 200 S/cm 미만인 것을 특징으로 하는 고출력 리튬 이차전지.
- 제 5 항에 있어서, 상기 제 2 흑연은 XRD 데이터의 2θ = 43° (101)면의 능면정체 피크(rhombohedral peak)에서 2H 피크가 나타나는 것을 특징으로 하는 고출력 리튬 이차전지.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 제 1 양극 활물질은 용량 대비 평균입경이 0.03 내지 0.1 ㎛/mAh인 것을 특징으로 하는 고출력 리튬 이차전지.
- 제 7 항에 있어서, 상기 제 1 양극 활물질은 2.65 내지 2.85 g/cc의 분체밀도에서 분체 전도도가 1×10-3 S/cm 이상 내지 10×10-3 S/cm 미만인 것을 특징으로 하는 고출력 리튬 이차전지.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 제 2 양극 활물질은 용량 대비 평균입경이 0.1 내지 0.2 ㎛/mAh인 것을 특징으로 하는 고출력 리튬 이차전지.
- 제 9 항에 있어서, 상기 제 2 양극 활물질은 2.65 내지 2.85 g/cc의 분체밀도에서 분체 전도도가 1×10-5 S/cm 이상 내지 10×10-5 S/cm 미만인 것을 특징으로 하는 고출력 리튬 이차전지.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 화학식 1에서 M은 Al, Mg 및 Ti로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 하나 이상이고, 상기 화학식 2에서 M'는 Co, Mn, Ni, Al, Mg 및 Ti로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 하나 이상인 것을 특징으로 하는 고출력 리튬 이차전지.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 화학식 1 및 2에서 A 및 A'는 서로 독립적으로 할로겐, S 및 N으로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 하나 이상인 것을 특징으로 하는 고출력 리튬 이차전지.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 리튬 이차전지는 부피 대비 용량이 0.03 내지 0.05 Ah/cm3 및 부피 대비 에너지가 0.1 내지 0.2 Wh/cm3인 것을 특징으로 하는 고출력 리튬 이차전지.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 분리막은 유무기 복합 분리막인 것을 특징으로 하는 고출력 리튬 이차전지.
- 제 1 항에 따른 리튬 이차전지를 단위전지로 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 전지모듈.
- 제 15 항에 따른 전지모듈을 전원으로 사용하는 전기자동차 또는 하이브리드 전기자동차.
- 제 15 항에 따른 전지모듈을 전원으로 사용하는 전력저장장치.
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- 2012-05-18 EP EP12789345.1A patent/EP2688127B1/en active Active
- 2012-05-18 CN CN201280022271.6A patent/CN103518277B/zh active Active
- 2012-05-18 JP JP2014509255A patent/JP6339008B2/ja active Active
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2013
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JPWO2015046495A1 (ja) * | 2013-09-30 | 2017-03-09 | 日本電気株式会社 | リチウムイオン二次電池の正極材料 |
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KR20120130712A (ko) | 2012-12-03 |
US20140120425A1 (en) | 2014-05-01 |
KR101336078B1 (ko) | 2013-12-03 |
EP2688127A2 (en) | 2014-01-22 |
EP2688127A4 (en) | 2014-11-26 |
JP2014517454A (ja) | 2014-07-17 |
US9385372B2 (en) | 2016-07-05 |
WO2012161477A3 (ko) | 2013-01-24 |
CN103518277A (zh) | 2014-01-15 |
EP2688127B1 (en) | 2016-06-15 |
JP6339008B2 (ja) | 2018-06-06 |
CN103518277B (zh) | 2016-03-23 |
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