WO2011102487A1 - セラミックハニカム構造体及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
セラミックハニカム構造体及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2011102487A1 WO2011102487A1 PCT/JP2011/053567 JP2011053567W WO2011102487A1 WO 2011102487 A1 WO2011102487 A1 WO 2011102487A1 JP 2011053567 W JP2011053567 W JP 2011053567W WO 2011102487 A1 WO2011102487 A1 WO 2011102487A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- pore
- diameter
- ceramic honeycomb
- honeycomb structure
- pores
- Prior art date
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- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 139
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 37
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- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 35
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- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 98
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 95
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 54
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- 229910052878 cordierite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 37
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 37
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- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 claims description 28
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- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 22
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical group O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 8
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- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002459 porosimetry Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
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- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 11
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- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 9
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- 229910000505 Al2TiO5 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- AABBHSMFGKYLKE-SNAWJCMRSA-N propan-2-yl (e)-but-2-enoate Chemical compound C\C=C\C(=O)OC(C)C AABBHSMFGKYLKE-SNAWJCMRSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 7
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- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- MXRIRQGCELJRSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O.O.O.[Al] Chemical compound O.O.O.[Al] MXRIRQGCELJRSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- FPAFDBFIGPHWGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxomagnesium;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Mg]=O.[Mg]=O.[Mg]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O FPAFDBFIGPHWGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a ceramic honeycomb structure used for a ceramic honeycomb filter for removing fine particles contained in exhaust gas of a diesel engine.
- Diesel engine exhaust gas contains PM (Particulate Matter: particulate matter) whose main component is soot made of carbon and SOF content (Soluble Organic Fraction) consisting of high-boiling hydrocarbon components. If released into the atmosphere, the human body and the environment may be adversely affected. For this reason, it has been conventionally performed to install a ceramic honeycomb filter for collecting PM in the exhaust pipe of a diesel engine. An example of a ceramic honeycomb filter for collecting PM in exhaust gas and purifying the exhaust gas is shown in FIGS.
- the ceramic honeycomb filter 10 includes a ceramic honeycomb structure including a porous partition wall 2 and an outer peripheral wall 1 forming a large number of outflow side sealing channels 3 and inflow side sealing channels 4, and an outflow side sealing channel 3
- the upstream side sealing portion 6a and the downstream side sealing portion 6c that alternately seal the exhaust gas inflow side end surface 8 and the exhaust gas outflow side end surface 9 of the inflow side sealing channel 4 in a checkered pattern.
- the outer peripheral wall 1 of the ceramic honeycomb filter is gripped so as not to move during use by a gripping member (not shown) formed of a metal mesh or ceramic mat or the like, and is placed in a metal storage container (not shown). Is arranged.
- purification of exhaust gas is performed as follows.
- the exhaust gas flows in from the outflow side sealing flow path 3 opened in the exhaust gas inflow side end face 8 as indicated by a dotted arrow in FIG.
- PM in the exhaust gas is collected.
- the purified exhaust gas flows out from the inflow side sealing flow path 4 opened in the exhaust gas outflow side end face 9, and is released into the atmosphere.
- nanoparticles with a particle size of 50 mm or less in PM. These nanoparticles have a higher deposition rate on the respiratory system when inhaled into the body than when larger particles of the same mass are inhaled.
- the nanoparticle since the nanoparticle has a relatively large surface area per volume, when a toxic chemical substance is adsorbed on the particle surface, it may be a PM particle having a stronger toxicity. Since the amount of nanoparticles contained in PM is low in mass, the current PM mass standard regulation is insufficient, and as a future emission regulation, the emission of nanoparticles that greatly affects the number of emitted particles is suppressed. It is predicted that a standard (particle number standard) will be provided. For this reason, in addition to excellent pressure loss characteristics, honeycomb filters are required to improve the collection rate based on the number of PM particles, especially the number of nanoparticles, rather than the collection rate based on the current PM mass.
- honeycomb filters are required to improve the collection rate based on the number of PM particles, especially the
- Special table 2005-530616 is composed of a cordierite honeycomb structure with the end closed, and the value d50 / (d50 + d90) obtained from the pore size distribution is less than 0.70, and the formula [d50 / (d50 + d90)] / [% porosity / 100]
- the soot adhesion factor Sf is less than 1.55, and the thermal expansion coefficient (25 to 800 ° C) is 17 ⁇ 10 -7 / ° C or less.
- a ceramic filter that captures and burns diesel exhaust particulates is disclosed, and by having such a pore structure (pore size distribution and pore connectivity), carbon soot is attached. However, it is described that a low pressure loss can be maintained.
- Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-219319 is made of a material having cordierite whose pore distribution is controlled as a main crystal phase, and the pore distribution is such that the pore volume having a pore diameter of less than 10 ⁇ m is 15% or less of the total pore volume
- a porous honeycomb filter in which the pore volume with a pore diameter of 10 to 50 ⁇ m is 75% or more of the total pore volume, and the pore volume with a pore diameter of more than 50 ⁇ m is 10% or less of the total pore volume. Since this porous honeycomb filter has the pore distribution as described above, it is described that the collection efficiency of PM and the like is high, and that an increase in pressure loss due to pore clogging can be prevented. Yes. JP 2002-219319 describes that such pore distribution can be controlled by controlling the particle size of the silica component of the cordierite forming raw material and reducing the concentration of kaolin.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 61-129015 has a small hole with a hole diameter of 5 to 40 ⁇ m and a large hole with a hole diameter of 40 to 100 ⁇ m on the surface of at least the introduction passage side of the partition wall.
- Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-40687 has cordierite as a main component, has a porosity of 55 to 65%, an average pore diameter of 15 to 30 ⁇ m, and the total area of pores opened on the partition wall surface is 35% of the total area of the partition wall surface. % Of the honeycomb ceramic structure is disclosed, and it is described that this honeycomb ceramic structure can achieve low pressure loss and high collection efficiency.
- Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-355511 has a catalyst supported on the partition wall surface, the porosity of the partition wall is 55 to 80%, and the total area of pores opened on the partition wall surface is 20% or more of the total area of the partition wall surface
- An exhaust gas purification filter having a ceramic honeycomb structure is disclosed. This exhaust gas purification filter can increase the contact area between the catalyst supported on the partition wall and the deposited PM, and the PM of the catalyst can be increased. It describes that it has an effect of improving the oxidation reaction ability and an effect of suppressing an increase in pressure loss.
- Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-349234 discloses that the total area of the open pores supporting the catalyst and opening on the partition wall surface is 30% or more of the total surface area of the partition walls, and the open area of the large open pore having an opening diameter of 30 ⁇ m or more.
- the exhaust gas purification filter whose total is 50% or more of the total opening area of the open pore is disclosed.
- JP 2003-193820 is 60% or more of porosity, has an average pore size of at least 15 [mu] m, the maximum value of the slope S n of a cumulative pore volume curve of the barrier to the pore size in the n-th measurement point 0.7
- JP 2005-530616, JP 2002-219319, JP 61-129015, JP 2003-40687, JP 2002-355511, JP 2002-349234, and JP 2003- The PM collection performance of the exhaust gas purification filter described in 193820 is enhanced by the accumulation of PM to some extent, but the state before the PM is deposited at the beginning of use (the ceramic honeycomb filter is used from the unused state) Or when it is used again after being reprocessed).
- the collection efficiency of nano-sized PM which has come to be regarded as a problem with the tightening of exhaust gas regulations, is insufficient, and harmful nano-sized PM is discharged without being collected.
- JP-A-2004-360654 discloses that the porosity of the partition wall is 55 to 75%, the average pore diameter is 15 to 40 ⁇ m, the total area of the pores opened on the partition wall surface is 10 to 30% of the total area of the partition wall surface, and the partition wall surface Discloses a ceramic honeycomb filter having 300 or more pores / mm 2 having an equivalent circle diameter of 5 to 20 ⁇ m among the pores opened in the hole.
- the ceramic honeycomb filter described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-360654 has achieved some improvement in the collection rate on the basis of PM mass, it is effective to use nanoparticles in the state before PM is deposited at the beginning of use. It is difficult to collect. In other words, the collection efficiency on the basis of the number of PM particles is low, and it is unlikely that the regulation based on the number of particles can be cleared.
- the object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art and to the state before the PM at the beginning of use of the ceramic honeycomb filter is deposited (when the ceramic honeycomb filter is used from an unused state or is regenerated). Even when it is used again later, it effectively collects nanoparticles that greatly affect the number of discharged particles, improves the collection rate based on the number of PM particles, and collects and accumulates PM.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a ceramic honeycomb structure in which the degree of deterioration of the pressure loss characteristic at the time is reduced and a method for manufacturing the same.
- the ceramic honeycomb structure of the present invention has a large number of flow paths partitioned by porous partition walls,
- the partition is (a) Porosity is 55-80%, (b) Median pore diameter D50 measured by mercury intrusion method is 5-27 ⁇ m, (c) Open area ratio of pores opened on the surface is 20% or more, (d) The median opening diameter d50 on the basis of the area when the pores opened on the surface are represented by equivalent circle diameters is 10 to 45 ⁇ m, (e) The equivalent circle diameter of the pores opened on the surface has a pore density of 350 / mm 2 or more of 10 ⁇ m or more and less than 40 ⁇ m, (f) the maximum value of the slope of the curve showing the cumulative pore volume with respect to the pore diameter when the pore distribution is measured by the mercury intrusion method is 1.6 or more, and (g) A ratio D50 / d50 between the median pore diameter D50 and the median opening diameter d50 is 0.65 or less.
- the Darcy permeability constant of the partition wall is 0.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 12 to 3 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 12 m 2 .
- the thermal expansion coefficient between 20 and 800 ° C. of the ceramic honeycomb structure is preferably 13 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 7 / ° C. or less.
- the ceramic honeycomb filter of the present invention is formed by alternately plugging the exhaust gas inflow side or the exhaust gas outflow side of the flow path of the ceramic honeycomb structure.
- the method of the present invention for producing a ceramic honeycomb structure includes the steps of extruding a clay containing a ceramic raw material and a pore former into a predetermined molded body, drying and firing the molded body,
- the pore former contains 2 to 20% by mass of the pore former with respect to 100% by mass of the ceramic raw material, the median diameter of the pore former is 5 to 70 ⁇ m, and the pore former has an inorganic powder on the surface. It is characterized by being solid or hollow resin particles.
- the inorganic powder is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of kaolin, silica, talc, cordierite, alumina, aluminum hydroxide, calcium carbonate, and titanium oxide.
- the median diameter of the inorganic powder is preferably 0.5 to 15 ⁇ m.
- the ceramic raw material is a cordierite forming raw material, and it is preferable that the cordierite forming raw material contains 15 to 25% of silica, the median diameter of the silica is 20 to 30 ⁇ m, and the sphericity is 0.5 or more.
- the cordierite-forming raw material preferably contains talc having a median diameter of 1 to 10 ⁇ m.
- the filter comprising the ceramic honeycomb structure of the present invention is in a state before PM is deposited at the beginning of use (when the ceramic honeycomb filter is used from an unused state or when it is used again after being regenerated).
- the collection rate on the basis of the number of PM particles is improved, and the pressure when PM is collected and accumulated Since loss characteristics do not deteriorate, it is possible to respond to further tightening of exhaust gas regulations.
- 7 is an electron micrograph showing the surface of partition walls of a ceramic honeycomb structure of Example 7 of the present invention. 7 is an electron micrograph showing a cross section of a partition wall of a ceramic honeycomb structure of Example 7 of the present invention. 2 is an electron micrograph showing pore former particles (pore former A) used in Example 1.
- Ceramic honeycomb structure The ceramic honeycomb structure of the present invention has a large number of flow paths partitioned by porous partition walls, and the partition walls have (a) a porosity of 55 to 80%, (b) The median pore diameter D50 measured by the mercury intrusion method is 5 to 27 ⁇ m, (c) the opening area ratio of the pores opened on the surface is 20% or more, and (d) the pores opened on the surface are represented by equivalent circle diameters.
- Median opening diameter d50 on the basis of the area in case of 10 to 45 ⁇ m, (e) pore equivalent diameter of pores opened on the surface is 10 ⁇ m or more and less than 40 ⁇ m, and the pore density is 350 / mm 2 or more, (f) pores
- the maximum value of the slope of the curve indicating the cumulative pore volume when the distribution is measured by the mercury intrusion method is 1.6 or more, and (g) the ratio D50 / d50 between the median pore diameter D50 and the median opening diameter d50 is 0.65 or less.
- the porosity of the partition wall is 55 to 80%. When the porosity is less than 55%, it is difficult to maintain a low pressure loss when PM is collected and accumulated. On the other hand, when the porosity exceeds 80%, PM on the basis of the number of particles at the beginning of use The collection rate decreases.
- the porosity is preferably 57% to 75%, more preferably 57% to 70%, and most preferably 57% to 65%.
- the porosity of the partition wall is measured by a mercury intrusion method described later.
- the median diameter (median pore diameter D50) of pores of septa measured by mercury porosimetry is 5 to 27 ⁇ m.
- the median pore diameter D50 is less than 5 ⁇ m, it is difficult to keep the initial pressure loss at the start of use low.
- the median pore diameter D50 is 27 ⁇ m or more, the number of pores having a diameter of 5 to 27 ⁇ m effective for PM collection decreases, and the PM collection rate on the basis of the number of particles may decrease.
- the median pore diameter D50 is preferably 7 to 25 ⁇ m, more preferably 7 to 20 ⁇ m, and further preferably 7 to 18 ⁇ m.
- the median pore diameter D50 is the median diameter obtained from the pore distribution of the partition walls measured by mercury porosimetry.
- Opening area ratio of pores opened on the partition wall surface The opening area ratio of pores opened on the partition wall surface is 20% or more.
- the opening area ratio is the total area of pores opened per unit area of the partition wall surface. From an electron micrograph obtained by photographing the surface of the partition wall, an image analysis device (for example, Image-made by Media Cybernetics, Inc.) Calculate the total opening area of each pore with Pro Plus ver.3.0), and divide by the measurement visual field area.
- the opening area ratio is less than 20%, it is difficult to maintain a low pressure loss when PM is collected and accumulated.
- the opening area ratio is preferably 40% or less in order to prevent a decrease in the PM collection rate on the basis of the number of particles at the beginning of use.
- the opening area ratio is more preferably in the range of 23 to 38%.
- (d) Median diameter on the basis of area when pores opened on the partition wall surface are expressed by equivalent circle diameter
- the diameter d50) is 10 to 45 ⁇ m.
- the median opening diameter d50 was opened on the partition wall surface with respect to the equivalent circle diameter of the opened pore (the diameter of a circle having an area equivalent to the opening area of the pore).
- the equivalent circle diameter of the pores corresponding to 50% of the total pore area is there.
- the opening area and equivalent circle diameter of the pores can be determined by analyzing an electron micrograph of the surface of the partition wall with an image analyzer (for example, Image-Pro Plus ver.6.3 manufactured by Media Cybernetics). .
- the median opening diameter d50 is preferably 15 to 40 ⁇ m, more preferably 15 to 35 ⁇ m.
- Pore density with a circle-equivalent diameter of pores opened on the partition wall surface of 10 ⁇ m or more and less than 40 ⁇ m is 350 / mm 2 or more It is.
- the pore density having an equivalent circle diameter of 10 ⁇ m or more and less than 40 ⁇ m of pores opened on the partition wall surface is the number of pores having an equivalent circle diameter of 10 ⁇ m or more and less than 40 ⁇ m with respect to the total number of pores opened on the partition wall surface. It is a ratio.
- the pore density is preferably 400 / mm 2 or more.
- the pore density is preferably 900 / mm 2 or less.
- the maximum value of Sn is 1.6 or more, the pore size distribution becomes very sharp, the PM collection rate on the basis of the number of particles at the beginning of use is improved, and the pressure when PM is collected and accumulated A ceramic honeycomb structure with improved loss characteristics can be obtained.
- the inclination can be determined by measuring the cumulative pore volume with respect to the pore diameter of the partition walls by mercury porosimetry.
- the cumulative pore volume can be measured by the mercury intrusion method using, for example, an Autopore III-9410 manufactured by Micromeritics.
- a test piece cut out from the ceramic honeycomb structure is stored in a measurement cell, and after the inside of the cell is depressurized, when mercury is introduced and pressurized, it is pushed into the pores existing in the test piece. By determining the volume of mercury.
- the larger the applied pressure the more the mercury penetrates into finer pores.
- the pore diameter and the cumulative pore volume maximum Of the pore volume from the pore diameter to a specific pore diameter.
- the intrusion of mercury is sequentially performed from a large pore size to a small pore size.
- the maximum value of the slope of the curve showing the cumulative pore volume for the pore diameter it is preferable to use the maximum value of the slope S n.
- the step size of each measurement point in the mercury intrusion method is preferably as small as possible. In particular, for a sample having a narrow fluctuation range of the pore diameter, it is preferable to measure with a step size as fine as possible.
- the measurement example of the inclination S n shown in FIG. 5 can be obtained from the cumulative pore volume curve measured by the mercury intrusion method shown in FIG. 4 as follows.
- point a in FIG. 5 indicates pore diameters D 5 and D 6 and cumulative pore volumes V 5 and V 6 at the fifth and sixth measurement points from the start of measurement in the cumulative pore volume curve shown in FIG.
- Slope S 6 -[(V 6 -V 5 ) / (logD 6 -logD 5 )]
- the point b is the pore diameters D 6 and D 7 and the cumulative details at the sixth and seventh measurement points.
- the slope S 7 ⁇ [(V 7 ⁇ V 6 ) / (logD 7 ⁇ logD 6 )] obtained from the pore volumes V 6 and V 7 .
- the porosity can be determined from the volume of mercury pushed into the pores at the time of maximum pressurization and the apparent volume of the test piece.
- the median pore diameter is a pore diameter ( ⁇ m) at a pore volume corresponding to 1/2 of the total pore volume in a curve indicating the relationship between the pore diameter and the cumulative pore volume.
- Ratio D50 / d50 between median pore diameter D50 and median opening diameter d50 The ratio D50 / d50 between the median pore diameter D50 and the median opening diameter d50 is 0.65 or less.
- the collection efficiency of the pores inside the partition wall having the same size as the pores opened on the surface is lowered.
- the D50 / d50 is preferably 0.60 or less, more preferably 0.55 or less. In order to prevent an increase in pressure loss at the beginning of use, D50 / d50 is preferably 0.1 or more.
- the total volume of pores with a pore diameter of 10 ⁇ m or less is all fine to improve the pressure loss characteristics. It is preferably 5 to 70% of the pore volume, more preferably 8 to 60%, and most preferably 10 to 50%.
- the Darcy permeability constant of the partition walls of the ceramic honeycomb structure is preferably 0.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 12 to 3 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 12 m 2 .
- the Darcy permeability constant is in the above range, the initial pressure loss at the start of use can be kept low, the PM collection rate on the basis of the number of particles at the start of use is improved, and PM is collected and accumulated. The pressure loss characteristics are improved.
- the Darcy permeability constant is less than 0.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 12 m 2 , it is difficult to keep the pressure loss at the start of use low.
- the Darcy transmission constant is preferably 0.8 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 12 to 2.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 12 m 2 .
- the ceramic honeycomb structure preferably has a thermal expansion coefficient between 20 and 800 ° C of 13 ⁇ 10 -7 / ° C or less. Since the ceramic honeycomb structure having such a thermal expansion coefficient has high thermal shock resistance, it can sufficiently be practically used as a ceramic honeycomb filter for removing fine particles contained in exhaust gas of a diesel engine. .
- the thermal expansion coefficient is preferably 3 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 7 to 11 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 7 .
- the ceramic honeycomb structure preferably has an average partition wall thickness of 9 to 15 mil (0.229 to 0.381 mm) and an average cell density of 150 to 300 cpsi (23.3 to 46.5 cells / cm 2 ).
- the pressure loss can be kept low at the start of use, the PM collection rate based on the number of particles can be improved, and the pressure loss characteristic when PM is collected and accumulated Is improved.
- the average partition wall thickness is less than 9 mil, the strength of the partition wall decreases, whereas when it exceeds 15 mil, it is difficult to maintain a low pressure loss.
- the average cell density is less than 150 cpsi, the septum strength decreases, whereas when it exceeds 300 cpsi, it is difficult to maintain a low pressure drop.
- the ceramic honeycomb structure is a filter for purifying exhaust gas discharged from a diesel engine, so heat-resistant ceramics, that is, alumina, mullite, cordier, etc. Ceramics mainly composed of erlite, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, zirconia, aluminum titanate, lithium aluminum silicate and the like are preferable. Of these, cordierite with excellent thermal shock resistance and cordierite or aluminum titanate as the main crystal are preferred. When the main crystal phase is cordierite, it may contain other crystal phases such as spinel, mullite, sapphirine, and may further contain a glass component. When the main crystal phase is aluminum titanate, elements such as Mg and Si may be dissolved in the aluminum titanate crystal phase, and other crystal phases such as mullite may be contained. A glass component may be contained as a boundary phase.
- Ceramic honeycomb filter The ceramic honeycomb filter of the present invention is formed by alternately plugging the exhaust gas inflow side or the exhaust gas outflow side of the flow path of the ceramic honeycomb structure of the present invention.
- a low pressure loss can be maintained and the PM collection rate based on the number of particles can be improved, and PM is collected and accumulated.
- a ceramic honeycomb filter with improved pressure loss characteristics can be obtained.
- the plugging formed in the flow path does not necessarily have to be formed on the end surface portion on the exhaust gas inflow side or exhaust gas outflow side of the flow path, and enters the flow path from the inflow side end face or the outflow side end face. It may be formed at a different position.
- a method for manufacturing a ceramic honeycomb structure of the present invention includes extruding a clay containing a ceramic raw material and a pore former into a predetermined molded body, and drying and firing the molded body.
- the clay contains 2 to 20% by mass of the pore former with respect to 100% by mass of the ceramic raw material, and the median diameter of the pore former is 5 to 70 ⁇ m.
- the pore material is a solid or hollow resin particle having an inorganic powder on the surface.
- the porosity is 55 to 80%
- the median pore diameter D50 measured by the mercury intrusion method is 5 to 27 ⁇ m
- the open area ratio of the pores opened on the surface is 20% or more
- the fine pores opened on the surface is 10 to 45 ⁇ m
- the equivalent circle diameter of the pores opened on the surface is 10 ⁇ m or more and less than 40 ⁇ m
- the pore density is 350 / mm 2 or more
- the maximum slope of the curve showing the cumulative pore volume with respect to the pore diameter when measuring pores by the mercury intrusion method is 1.6 or more
- the ratio D50 / d50 of the median pore diameter D50 to the median opening diameter d50 is 0.65 or less.
- the pores formed in ceramics include those formed by firing a ceramic raw material and those formed by burning a pore former. Among them, since the pores formed by the pore former occupy most, the pores formed when the ceramic is fired is controlled by adjusting the median diameter and particle size distribution of the pore former. Can do.
- the production method of the present invention by using a material having an inorganic powder on the surface of resin particles (solid or hollow) as the pore former, when the molded body containing the ceramic raw material and the pore former is fired The resin particles burn and become voids, and the ceramic raw material and the inorganic powder on the surface of the resin particles are fired to form pores. At this time, the pores formed by firing the inorganic powder on the surface of the resin particles communicate the pores formed by firing the ceramic raw material and the pores formed by the resin particles, from the partition wall surface to the inside. As a result, the pore diameter of the partition wall measured by the mercury intrusion method and the pores opened on the surface of the partition wall can be within the above range.
- Porous material (a) Structure The pore former used in the present invention consists of solid resin particles or hollow resin particles, and contains inorganic powder.
- the inorganic powder is preferably attached to the surface of the solid or hollow resin particles.
- the pore former made of resin particles having the inorganic powder adhered to the surface thereof can be produced by bringing the inorganic powder into contact with the resin particles containing moisture.
- the addition amount of the pore former is 2 to 20% by mass with respect to 100% by mass of the ceramic raw material. When the added amount of the pore former is out of this range, it is difficult to obtain a partition having the pore structure. When the added amount of the pore former is less than 2% by mass, the amount of pores formed by the pore former is reduced, so that it is impossible to maintain a low pressure loss when PM is collected and accumulated. When the added amount of the pore former exceeds 20% by mass, the PM collection rate on the basis of the number of particles at the beginning of use decreases.
- the added amount of the pore former is preferably 3 to 18% by mass, and more preferably 4 to 15% by mass.
- the median diameter of the pore former particles is 5 to 70 ⁇ m.
- the median diameter of the pore former particles is preferably 8 to 50 ⁇ m, more preferably 10 to 35 ⁇ m.
- the pore former particles have a median diameter of a particle diameter d90 corresponding to 90% cumulative volume in a curve indicating the relationship between the particle diameter and the cumulative volume (a value obtained by accumulating a particle volume equal to or less than a specific particle diameter).
- the particle diameter d10 corresponding to 1.5 to 2.5 times the cumulative volume of 10% is preferably 0.2 to 0.8 times the median diameter.
- the particle diameter of the pore former can be measured using a Microtrac particle size distribution measuring device (MT3000) manufactured by Nikkiso Co., Ltd.
- the sphericity of the pore former particles is preferably 0.5 or more.
- the sphericity of the pore former particles is preferably 0.7 or more, and more preferably 0.8 or more.
- the sphericity of the pore former particles was obtained by dividing the projected area of the pore former particles by the area of a circle whose diameter is the maximum value of a straight line passing through the center of gravity of the pore former particles and connecting two points on the outer periphery of the particle. Value, which can be obtained from an electron micrograph with an image analyzer.
- the resin particles may be solid or hollow.
- foamed resin particles porous resin particles
- the resin used as the pore former particles (poly) methyl methacrylate, polybutyl methacrylate, polyacrylic ester, polystyrene, polyacrylic ester, polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, methyl methacrylate / acrylonitrile copolymer and the like are suitable.
- the hollow resin particles preferably have an outer shell thickness of 0.1 to 3 ⁇ m, and preferably contain a gas such as hydrocarbon.
- the inorganic powder is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of kaolin, silica, talc, cordierite, alumina, aluminum hydroxide, calcium carbonate, and titanium oxide.
- kaolin, silica, talc, cordierite, alumina and aluminum hydroxide are preferable as the inorganic powder, and talc is most preferable.
- the median diameter of the inorganic powder is preferably 0.5 to 15 ⁇ m, and more preferably 0.6 to 12 ⁇ m. preferable.
- the particle diameter of the inorganic powder can be measured using a Microtrac particle size distribution measuring device (MT3000) manufactured by Nikkiso Co., Ltd.
- MT3000 Microtrac particle size distribution measuring device manufactured by Nikkiso Co., Ltd.
- the said inorganic powder before making it adhere to a resin particle is not obtained, it peels and measures with an ultrasonic wave etc. from a pore making material.
- the median diameter d of the inorganic powder is preferably selected so that d / D is 0.5 or less with respect to the median diameter D of the solid or hollow resin particles.
- the inorganic powder can be satisfactorily adhered to the surface of the resin particles.
- the inorganic powder is selected so that the d / D exceeds 0.5, the inorganic powder is less likely to adhere to the surface of the resin particles, and therefore, the ceramic raw material is formed from pores and resin particles generated by firing. The effect of the inorganic powder that communicates with the pores is reduced, and the connectivity of the pores from the partition wall surface to the inside is deteriorated.
- the d / D is preferably 0.01 to 0.45.
- the pore former particles preferably have a volume ratio of resin particles to inorganic powder (resin particles / inorganic particles) of 0.1 to 200.
- the volume ratio is preferably 0.5 to 150.
- the ceramic raw material is preferably a cordierite forming raw material.
- the main crystal is cordierite (the main component has a chemical composition of 42 to 56% by mass of SiO 2 , 30 to 45% by mass of Al 2 O 3 and 12 to 16% by mass of MgO).
- each raw material powder which has a silica source component, an alumina source component, and a magnesia source component is mix
- the pores formed in the ceramic having cordierite as the main crystal are due to pores generated by firing the cordierite-forming raw material silica and talc and pores generated by burning the pore former.
- silica and pore former occupy most of the pores formed, so the pores generated when cordierite ceramics are fired can be controlled by adjusting their particle size and particle size distribution. can do.
- Silica Silica is known to exist stably up to a higher temperature than other raw materials, and melt and diffuse at 1300 ° C. or higher to form pores. Therefore, when 15 to 25% by mass of silica is contained, a desired amount of pores can be obtained.
- silica is contained in an amount exceeding 25% by mass, kaolin and / or talc, which are other silica source components, must be reduced in order to maintain the main crystal as cordierite, and as a result, obtained by kaolin.
- the effect of lowering thermal expansion (effect obtained by orienting kaolin during extrusion molding) is reduced, and the thermal shock resistance is lowered.
- the amount when the amount is less than 15% by mass, the number of pores opened on the partition wall surface is reduced, so that a low pressure loss may not be obtained when PM is collected and accumulated.
- the content of silica is preferably 17 to 23% by mass.
- the median diameter of silica is preferably 20 to 30 ⁇ m in order to form the partition structure of the ceramic honeycomb structure of the present invention.
- silica particles having such a median diameter in combination with the pore former By using silica particles having such a median diameter in combination with the pore former, a very sharp pore distribution can be obtained.
- the median diameter of silica is less than 20 ⁇ m, the proportion of fine pores that cause an increase in pressure loss when PM is collected and accumulated among pores opened on the partition wall surface increases. On the other hand, if it exceeds 30 ⁇ m, the number of coarse pores that reduce the PM collection efficiency at the beginning of use increases.
- the median diameter of silica is preferably 22 to 28 ⁇ m.
- the silica particles having a particle diameter of 10 ⁇ m or less are preferably 5% by mass or less, and the silica particles having a particle diameter of 100 ⁇ m or more are preferably 5% by mass or less.
- a sharper pore distribution can be obtained when used in combination with the pore former.
- the silica particle having a particle diameter of 10 ⁇ m or less exceeds 5% by mass, the proportion of fine pores that increase pressure loss when PM is collected and accumulated among the pores opened on the partition wall surface increases.
- the ratio of silica particles having a particle diameter of 10 ⁇ m or less is preferably 3% by mass or less.
- silica particles having a particle diameter of 100 ⁇ m or more exceed 5% by mass, coarse pores that reduce the PM collection rate at the beginning of use increase.
- the ratio of silica particles having a particle diameter of 100 ⁇ m or more is preferably 3% by mass or less.
- the sphericity of the silica particles is preferably 0.5 or more.
- the sphericity of the silica particles is less than 0.5, the circularity of the pores opened on the partition wall surface increases, the number of coarse pores that lower the PM collection rate at the beginning of use increases, and PM is trapped.
- the number of micropores that increase the pressure loss when collected and accumulated increases.
- the sphericity of the silica particles is preferably 0.6 or more, and more preferably 0.7 or more.
- the sphericity of the silica particle is a value obtained by dividing the projected area of the silica particle by the area of a circle whose diameter is the maximum value of the straight line connecting the two points on the outer periphery of the particle through the center of gravity of the silica particle. It can be obtained by an image analysis apparatus.
- the silica particles may be crystalline or amorphous, but are preferably amorphous from the viewpoint of adjusting the particle size distribution.
- Amorphous silica can be obtained by crushing an ingot produced by melting high-purity natural silica at high temperature.
- Silica particles may contain Na 2 O, K 2 O, and CaO as impurities, but in order to prevent an increase in the thermal expansion coefficient, the content of the impurities is preferably 0.1% or less in total. .
- Silica particles with high sphericity can be obtained by pulverizing high-purity natural silica and spraying it in a high-temperature flame.
- the silica particles can be melted and spheroidized simultaneously by thermal spraying into a high-temperature flame to obtain amorphous silica having a high sphericity.
- Kaolin powder As a silica raw material used as a cordierite forming raw material, kaolin powder can be blended in addition to the silica powder.
- the kaolin powder is preferably contained in an amount of 1 to 15% by mass. When the kaolin powder exceeds 15% by mass, it may be difficult to adjust the pores having a pore diameter of less than 2 ⁇ m of the ceramic honeycomb structure to 10% by volume or less. The thermal expansion coefficient of the ceramic honeycomb structure is increased.
- the kaolin powder content is more preferably 4 to 8% by mass.
- the orientation of kaolin particles is greatly influenced by their shape.
- the cleavage index of kaolin particles which is an index that quantitatively indicates the shape of kaolin particles, is preferably 0.80 or more, and more preferably 0.85 or more.
- the cordierite-forming raw material preferably contains talc having a median diameter of 1 to 15 ⁇ m.
- the partition wall has pores generated by firing silica and talc in the cordierite forming raw material and pores generated by burning the pore former, and is formed by silica and the pore former. Between the fine pores, talc particles having a median diameter of 1 to 15 ⁇ m smaller than the median diameter of silica and pore former form pores, so that the pores formed by the pore former and silica are talc particles.
- the pores in the partition walls are improved in communication.
- the median diameter of talc is less than 1 ⁇ m, the pore connectivity is lowered, and the pressure loss characteristic when PM is collected and accumulated is lowered.
- the median diameter of talc exceeds 15 ⁇ m, coarse pores that reduce the PM collection rate at the beginning of use increase.
- the median diameter of talc is preferably 2 to 12 ⁇ m, more preferably 3 to 10 ⁇ m.
- the particle size d90 at the cumulative volume corresponding to 90% of the total volume is 40 ⁇ m or less. Is preferred.
- the particle diameter is preferably 35 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 30 ⁇ m or less.
- Talc is preferably plate-like particles from the viewpoint of reducing the thermal expansion coefficient of the ceramic honeycomb structure whose main component of the crystal phase is cordierite.
- the form factor indicating the tabularity of the talc particles is preferably 0.50 or more, more preferably 0.60 or more, and most preferably 0.70 or more.
- Talc may contain Fe 2 O 3 , CaO, Na 2 O, K 2 O and the like as impurities.
- the content of Fe 2 O 3 is preferably 0.5 to 2.5% by mass in the magnesia source material, and the content of Na 2 O, K 2 O and CaO is thermal expansion. From the viewpoint of reducing the coefficient, the total content is preferably 0.5% by mass or less.
- the amount of talc added to the cordierite-forming raw material is preferably 40 to 43% by mass so that the main crystal becomes cordierite.
- the talc composition added to the cordierite forming raw material in consideration of the talc content contained in the pore former Adjust the amount accordingly.
- Alumina As the alumina raw material, aluminum oxide and / or aluminum hydroxide is preferable in that it has few impurities.
- the total content of Na 2 O, K 2 O and CaO as impurities in aluminum oxide and aluminum hydroxide is preferably 0.5% by mass or less, more preferably 0.3% by mass or less, and most preferably 0.1% by mass or less. is there.
- the content of aluminum hydroxide in the cordierite forming raw material is preferably 6 to 42% by mass.
- the content of aluminum oxide in the cordierite forming raw material is preferably 35% by mass or less.
- the ceramic honeycomb structure is kneaded by adding water, adding a binder, and if necessary, additives such as a dispersant and a surfactant to the ceramic raw material and pore former, followed by dry mixing.
- the obtained plastic clay is extruded by a known extrusion molding method from a known mold for forming a honeycomb structure to form a honeycomb structure molded body, and after the molded body is dried, if necessary, It is manufactured by processing the end face and outer periphery and firing.
- Calcination is performed using a continuous furnace or a batch furnace while adjusting the heating and cooling rates.
- the ceramic raw material is a cordierite forming raw material, it is kept at 1350-1450 ° C. for 1-50 hours, and after the cordierite main crystals are sufficiently formed, it is cooled to room temperature.
- the heating rate is a temperature range in which the binder decomposes so that cracks do not occur in the formed body during the firing process, particularly when manufacturing a large ceramic honeycomb structure having an outer diameter of 150 mm or more and a total length of 150 mm or more (for example, The temperature is preferably 0.2 to 10 ° C./hr at 150 to 350 ° C.
- Cooling is preferably performed at a rate of 20 to 40 ° C./h, particularly in the range of 1400 to 1300 ° C.
- the obtained honeycomb structure can be made into a ceramic honeycomb filter by plugging the end of a desired flow path by a known method. Note that this plugged portion may be formed before firing.
- Examples 1 to 24 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6 The silica particles, kaolin powder, talc powder, alumina powder and aluminum hydroxide powder having the particle shape (particle size, particle size distribution, etc.) and impurities shown in Tables 1 to 4 are blended in the addition amounts shown in Table 6, A cordierite-forming raw material powder having a composition of 50% by mass of SiO 2 , 36% by mass of Al 2 O 3 and 14% by mass of MgO was obtained.
- the addition amount of each ceramic raw material shown in Table 6 is a numerical value normalized so that the total amount of ceramic raw materials (including talc or silica contained in the pore former) is 100 parts by mass.
- a pore-forming material having the particle shape shown in Table 5 is added in the amount shown in Table 6, and after adding methylcellulose, water is added and kneaded to form a plastic cordierite forming raw material.
- a ceramic clay made of As the pore former other than the pore former G hollow resin particles containing butane gas as an inclusion gas were used.
- An electron micrograph of the pore former A used in Example 1 is shown in FIG.
- the particle size and particle size distribution of silica powder, kaolin powder, talc powder, alumina powder, aluminum hydroxide powder and pore former were measured using Nikkiso Co., Ltd. Microtrac particle size distribution measuring device (MT3000).
- the ratio of particle diameter of 10 ⁇ m or less, the ratio of 100 ⁇ m or more, d90, d10, etc. were determined.
- the sphericity of silica particles is the area of a circle whose diameter is the maximum value of the projected area A1 and the straight line that passes through the center of gravity and connects two points on the outer periphery of the particle, obtained from an image of the particle taken with an electron microscope.
- the outer periphery of the fired ceramic honeycomb body is coated with a skin material made of amorphous silica and colloidal silica and dried, and the ceramics of Examples 1 to 24 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6 having an outer diameter of 266.7 mm and a total length of 304.8 mm A honeycomb structure was obtained.
- the results of observing the surface and cross section of the partition walls of the ceramic honeycomb structure of Example 7 with an electron microscope are shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, respectively.
- the plugging material slurry made of the cordierite forming raw material is filled in the end portions of the flow paths of these ceramic honeycomb structures so as to be alternately plugged, the plugging material slurry is dried and fired.
- the cordierite ceramic honeycomb filters of Examples and Comparative Examples were manufactured. The length of the plugged material after firing was in the range of 7 to 10 mm. Each ceramic honeycomb filter was made of two identical ones.
- Example 25 As ceramic raw material powder, 32.0 parts by mass of titania powder (median diameter 1.6 ⁇ m), 56.1 parts by mass of alumina powder (median diameter 5 ⁇ m), 3.0 parts by mass of silica powder (median diameter 20 ⁇ m) so as to have an aluminum titanate composition , Mixing, kneading, and extruding 3.0 parts by weight of magnesia powder (median diameter 2 ⁇ m), molding aid and 7.0 parts by weight of pore former (titanium oxide coated hollow resin particles, median diameter 20 ⁇ m, sphericity 0.92), A formed article having a honeycomb structure having an outer diameter of 50 mm, a length of 90 mm, a partition wall thickness of 10 mil (0.25 mm), and a cell density of 300 cpsi (46.5 cells / cm 2 ) was obtained.
- the periphery is removed and processed at room temperature to 150 ° C. at 50 ° C./h, 150 to 300 ° C. at 10 ° C./h, 300 to 1000 ° C. at 50 ° C./h, and 1000 ° C. and above at 30 ° C.
- the temperature was increased at a temperature increase rate of 1 / h, held at a maximum temperature of 1600 ° C for 10 hours, cooled from 1600 ° C to room temperature at a rate of 70 ° C / h and fired.
- the outer periphery of the fired ceramic honeycomb body was coated with a skin material made of amorphous silica and colloidal silica and dried to obtain a ceramic honeycomb structure having an outer diameter of 150 mm and a total length of 200 mm.
- the plugging material slurry After filling the plugging material slurry made of the aluminum titanate raw material so that the channel ends of the ceramic honeycomb structure are alternately plugged, the plugging material slurry is dried and fired. An aluminum titanate ceramic honeycomb filter was produced. The length of the plugged material after firing was in the range of 7 to 10 mm. Two of the same ceramic honeycomb filters were produced.
- the aperture area ratio of the pores opened on the partition wall surface is obtained by processing an electron micrograph of the partition wall surface cut out from the honeycomb filter with an image analyzer (Media-Cybernetics Co., Ltd. Image-Pro Plus Plus ver. 6.3) (emphasis filter: LoPass ( (Low pass), option: 3 ⁇ 3, pass (number of times): 2, and strength: filter processing under the condition of 8) and analysis, as a ratio (%) of the total opening area of each pore to the area of the measurement field of view Asked.
- an image analyzer Media-Cybernetics Co., Ltd. Image-Pro Plus Plus ver. 6.3
- the median opening diameter d50 of the pores opened on the partition wall surface is the equivalent circle diameter of the pores opened on the partition wall surface (from the area S of the pores opened on the partition wall surface obtained by the image analysis, the formula: 2 x (S / ⁇ ) calculated by 1/2 ), and the cumulative area of pores opened on the partition wall surface (the cumulative value of the opening area of pores below a specific equivalent circle diameter) was plotted against the equivalent circle diameter. From the graph (see FIG. 3), it was calculated as the equivalent circle diameter of the pores having a cumulative area corresponding to 50% of the total pore area.
- the pore density with an equivalent circle diameter of 10 ⁇ m or more and less than 40 ⁇ m of pores opened on the partition wall surface is the number of pores with an equivalent circle diameter of 10 ⁇ m or more and less than 40 ⁇ m among the pores opened per unit area of the partition wall surface. Calculated.
- Total pore volume, porosity, median pore diameter D50, slope S n of cumulative pore volume curve, and pore volume of 10 ⁇ m or less were determined by mercury porosimetry.
- the test piece (10 mm x 10 mm x 10 mm) cut out from the ceramic honeycomb filter is placed in a Micromeritics Autopore III measurement cell, the inside of the cell is decompressed, and then mercury is introduced. And pressurizing and determining the relationship between the pressure at the time of pressurization and the volume of mercury pushed into the pores present in the test piece. From the relationship between the pressure and the volume, the relationship between the pore diameter and the cumulative pore volume was determined.
- the porosity was calculated from the measured value of the total pore volume, assuming that the true specific gravity of cordierite was 2.52 g / cm 3 .
- Slope S n and 10 ⁇ m more of the pore volume of the cumulative pore volume curves were determined from curves showing the cumulative pore volume against pore size.
- S n the slope of the cumulative pore volume curve at the (n) th measurement point
- D n-1 the pore diameter
- Darcy's permeability constant is the maximum value of air permeability measured using Perm Automated Porometer (registered trademark) 6.0 version (Porous Materials) while increasing the air flow rate from 30 cc / sec to 400 cc / sec. .
- CTE coefficient of thermal expansion
- the initial pressure loss was expressed as the pressure difference (pressure loss) between the inflow side and the outflow side when air was fed into the ceramic honeycomb filter fixed to the pressure loss test stand at a flow rate of 10 Nm 3 / min.
- Pressure loss is When exceeding 1.0 kPa ( ⁇ ), (0.8) when 0.8 kPa and 1.0 kPa (0.6) when 0.6 kPa and 0.8 kPa When the pressure is 0.6 kPa or less ( ⁇ ) As an initial pressure loss was evaluated.
- Pressure loss is When exceeding 1.5 kPa ( ⁇ ), ( ⁇ ) when 1.3 kPa and 1.5 kPa or less ( ⁇ ) when 1.0 kPa and 1.3 kPa or less When the pressure is 1.0 kPa or less ( ⁇ ) The soot collection pressure loss was evaluated.
- the collection efficiency is set every 1 minute while charging a ceramic honeycomb filter fixed to a pressure loss test stand with an air flow rate of 10 Nm 3 / min and a combustion soot with an average particle size of 0.042 ⁇ m at a rate of 3 g / h.
- the number of burning soot particles flowing into the honeycomb filter and the number of burning soot particles flowing out of the honeycomb filter are measured using SMPS (Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer) (TIS model 3936), from 3 to 4 minutes from the start of charging.
- the number of combustion soot particles N in flowing into the honeycomb filter and the number of combustion soot particles N out flowing out of the honeycomb filter were determined by the formula: (N in -N out ) / N in .
- the collection efficiency is 98% or more ( ⁇ ), ( ⁇ ) when 96% or more and less than 98% 95% or more and less than 96% ( ⁇ ), and Less than 95% ( ⁇ )
- the collection efficiency was evaluated as
- the ceramic honeycomb filters of Examples 1 to 25 of the present invention have an improved PM collection rate based on the number of particles at the beginning of collection while maintaining a low pressure loss.
- the ceramic honeycomb filter of Comparative Example 1 uses the pore-forming material D having a median diameter of 85 ⁇ m (greater than 70 ⁇ m), so the diameter of the formed pores is large and the collection efficiency is low.
- the ceramic honeycomb filter of Comparative Example 2 uses the pore former E having a median diameter of 2.0 ⁇ m (smaller than 5 ⁇ m), the diameter of the formed pores is small and the pressure loss characteristic is low.
- Ceramic honeycomb filter of Comparative Example 3 due to the use of the pore former H containing no inorganic powder, the maximum value of the slope S n of a cumulative pore volume curve is small (i.e. pore distribution is wide) Susuto Low pressure loss characteristics.
- Ceramic honeycomb filter of Comparative Example 4 due to the use of pore forming material G consisting of graphite containing no inorganic powder, the maximum value of the slope S n of the median diameter and a cumulative pore volume curve of the pores is small pressure Both loss characteristics and collection efficiency are low.
- the ceramic honeycomb filter of Comparative Example 5 since the amount of pore former used is too large, the diameter of the formed pores is large and the collection efficiency is low.
- the ceramic honeycomb filter of Comparative Example 6 since the amount of pore former used is too small, the diameter of the formed pores is small and the pressure loss characteristics are low.
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Abstract
Description
前記隔壁は、
(a)気孔率が55~80%、
(b)水銀圧入法により測定されたメジアン細孔径D50が5~27μm、
(c)表面に開口した細孔の開口面積率が20%以上、
(d)表面に開口した細孔を円相当径で表した場合の面積基準でのメジアン開口径d50が10~45μm、
(e)表面に開口した細孔の円相当径が10μm以上40μm未満の細孔密度が350個/mm2以上、
(f)細孔分布を水銀圧入法により測定した時の細孔径に対する累積細孔容積を示す曲線の傾きの最大値が1.6以上、及び
(g)前記メジアン細孔径D50とメジアン開口径d50との比D50/d50が0.65以下であることを特徴とする。
本発明のセラミックハニカム構造体は、多孔質の隔壁で仕切られた多数の流路を有し、前記隔壁は、(a)気孔率が55~80%、(b)水銀圧入法により測定されたメジアン細孔径D50が5~27μm、(c)表面に開口した細孔の開口面積率が20%以上、(d)表面に開口した細孔を円相当径で表した場合の面積基準でのメジアン開口径d50が10~45μm、(e)表面に開口した細孔の円相当径が10μm以上40μm未満の細孔密度が350個/mm2以上、(f)細孔分布を水銀圧入法により測定した時の細孔径に対する累積細孔容積を示す曲線の傾きの最大値が1.6以上、及び(g)前記メジアン細孔径D50とメジアン開口径d50との比D50/d50が0.65以下である。
隔壁の気孔率は55~80%である。前記気孔率が55%未満の場合、PMが捕集され蓄積した際の低い圧力損失を維持し難くなり、一方、前記気孔率が80%を超えると、使用開始初期の粒子数基準でのPM捕集率が低下する。前記気孔率は、好ましくは57%~75%、さらに好ましくは57%~70%、最も好ましくは57%~65%である。隔壁の気孔率は後述の水銀圧入法で測定する。
水銀圧入法により測定された隔壁の細孔のメジアン径(メジアン細孔径D50)は5~27μmである。前記メジアン細孔径D50が5μm未満である場合、使用開始時の初期圧力損失を低く維持することが難しくなる。一方、前記メジアン細孔径D50が27μm以上の場合、PM捕集に有効な細孔径5~27μmの細孔が少なくなり、粒子数基準でのPM捕集率が低下する場合がある。前記メジアン細孔径D50は、好ましくは7~25μmであり、さらに好ましくは7~20μmであり、さらに好ましくは7~18μmである。なお前記メジアン細孔径D50は、水銀圧入法により測定した隔壁の細孔分布から求めたメジアン径である。
隔壁表面に開口した細孔の開口面積率は20%以上である。ここで、前記開口面積率は、隔壁表面の単位面積当たりに開口する細孔の面積の合計であり、隔壁の表面を撮影した電子顕微鏡写真から、画像解析装置(例えば、Media Cybernetics 社製 Image-Pro Plus ver.3.0)で各細孔の開口面積の合計を求め、測定視野面積で除算して算出する。
隔壁表面に開口した細孔を円相当径で表した場合の面積基準でのメジアン径(メジアン開口径d50)は10~45μmである。ここで、前記メジアン開口径d50は、図3に示すように、開口した細孔の円相当径(細孔の開口面積と同等の面積を有する円の直径)に対して、隔壁表面に開口した細孔の累積面積(特定の円相当径以下の細孔の開口面積を累積した値)をプロットしたグラフにおいて、全細孔面積の50%に相当する累積面積となる細孔の円相当径である。前記細孔の開口面積及び円相当径は、隔壁の表面を撮影した電子顕微鏡写真を、画像解析装置(例えば、Media Cybernetics 社製 Image-Pro Plus ver.6.3)で解析することによって求めることができる。
隔壁表面に開口した細孔の円相当径が10μm以上40μm未満の細孔密度は350個/mm2以上である。ここで、隔壁表面に開口した細孔の円相当径が10μm以上40μm未満の細孔密度とは、隔壁表面に開口した全細孔数に対する、円相当径が10μm以上40μm未満の細孔数の割合である。
隔壁の細孔分布を水銀圧入法により測定した時の細孔径(対数値)に対する累積細孔容積を示す曲線(累積細孔容積曲線)の傾きの最大値は1.6以上である。ここで累積細孔容積曲線とは、細孔径(μm)の対数値に対して累積細孔容積(cm3/g)をプロットしたものである。前記傾きの最大値が1.6未満である場合、PMが捕集され蓄積した際の圧力損失特性が低下する。前記傾きの最大値は、好ましくは1.8以上である。Snの最大値が1.6以上であれば、細孔径分布が非常にシャープとなり、使用開始初期の粒子数基準でのPM捕集率が改善されるとともに、PMが捕集され蓄積した際の圧力損失特性が改良されたセラミックハニカム構造体を得ることができる。
Sn=-(Vn-Vn-1)/(log(Dn)-log(Dn-1))
により(n)番目の測定点における累積細孔容積曲線の傾きSnを求めることができる。前記細孔径に対する累積細孔容積を示す曲線の傾きの最大値は、前記傾きSnの最大値を用いるのが好ましい。ここで、水銀圧入法における各測定点の刻み幅は、できるだけ細かい方が好ましい。特に細孔径の変動幅が狭い試料に対してはできるだけ細かい刻み幅で測定するのが好ましい。
前記メジアン細孔径D50と前記メジアン開口径d50との比D50/d50は0.65以下である。隔壁内部のメジアン細孔径D50を、隔壁表面に開口した細孔のメジアン開口径d50よりも小さくする、特に前記D50/d50を0.65以下にすることにより、使用開始初期において、粒子数量に大きく影響する微小なPMが、隔壁表面に開口する細孔よりも小さい隔壁内部の細孔により有効に捕集されるようになる。前記D50/d50が0.65を超える場合、隔壁内部のメジアン細孔径d50が、表面に開口した細孔のメジアン開口径D50に近づくので、使用開始初期において、粒子数量に大きく影響する微小なPMの、表面に開口した細孔と同等の大きさである隔壁内部の細孔への捕集効率が低下する。前記D50/d50は、好ましくは0.60以下、さらに好ましくは0.55以下である。また使用開始初期での圧力損失の上昇を防止するためには、D50/d50は0.1以上であるのが好ましい。
水銀圧入法により測定された隔壁の細孔分布において、細孔径10μm以下の細孔の容積の合計は、圧力損失特性を向上させるために、全細孔容積の5~70%であるのが好ましく、8~60%であるのがさらに好ましく、10~50%であるのが最も好ましい。
セラミックハニカム構造体の隔壁のダルシー透過定数は0.5×10-12~3×10-12 m2であるのが好ましい。ダルシー透過定数が前記の範囲にあることで、使用開始時の初期圧力損失を低く維持でき、使用開始初期の粒子数基準でのPM捕集率が改善されるとともに、PMが捕集され蓄積した際の圧力損失特性が改良される。ダルシー透過定数が0.5×10-12m2未満である場合、使用開始時の圧力損失を低く維持することが難しくなる。一方、ダルシー透過定数が3×10-12 m2を超える場合、PM捕集性能が低下する場合がある。ダルシー透過定数は、好ましくは0.8×10-12~2.5×10-12m2である。
セラミックハニカム構造体は、20~800℃間の熱膨張係数が13×10-7/℃以下であるのが好ましい。このような熱膨張係数を有するセラミックハニカム構造体は、高い耐熱衝撃性を有するので、ディーゼル機関の排出ガス中に含まれる微粒子を除去するためのセラミックハニカムフィルタとして、十分に実用に耐えることができる。前記熱膨張係数は、好ましくは3×10-7~11×10-7である。
セラミックハニカム構造体は、平均隔壁厚さが9~15 mil(0.229~0.381 mm)、平均セル密度が150~300 cpsi(23.3~46.5セル/cm2)であるのが好ましい。このような隔壁構造を有することで、使用開始時において圧力損失を低く維持でき、粒子数基準でのPM捕集率を改善することができるとともに、PMが捕集され蓄積した際の圧力損失特性が改良される。平均隔壁厚さが9 mil未満の場合、隔壁の強度が低下し、一方15 milを超える場合、低い圧力損失を維持することが難しくなる。平均セル密度が150c psi未満の場合、隔壁の強度が低下し、一方、300 cpsiを超える場合、低い圧力損失を維持することが難しくなる。
隔壁の材質としては、セラミックハニカム構造体の用途がディーゼルエンジンから排出される排気ガスを浄化するためのフィルタであることから、耐熱性を有するセラミックス、すなわちアルミナ、ムライト、コーディエライト、炭化珪素、窒化珪素、ジルコニア、チタン酸アルミニウム、リチウムアルミニウムシリケート等を主結晶とするセラミックスであるのが好ましい。中でも耐熱衝撃性に優れる低熱膨張のコーディエライト又はチタン酸アルミニウムを主結晶とするものが好ましい。主結晶相がコーディエライトである場合、スピネル、ムライト、サフィリン等の他の結晶相を含有しても良く、さらにガラス成分を含有しても良い。主結晶相がチタン酸アルミニウムである場合、チタン酸アルミニウム結晶相中にMg、Si等の元素が固溶していても良く、ムライト等の他の結晶相を含有していても良く、また粒界相としてガラス成分を含有していても良い。
本発明のセラミックハニカムフィルタは、本発明のセラミックハニカム構造体の流路の排気ガス流入側又は排気ガス流出側を交互に目封止してなる。本発明のセラミックハニカム構造体を使用することで、使用開始時においては、低い圧力損失を維持できるとともに粒子数基準でのPM捕集率を改善することができ、さらにPMが捕集され蓄積した際の圧力損失特性が改良されたセラミックハニカムフィルタとすることができる。ここで、流路に形成される目封止は、必ずしも流路の排気ガス流入側又は排気ガス流出側の端面部に形成する必要はなく、流入側端面又は流出側端面から流路内部に入った位置に形成してもよい。
本発明のセラミックハニカム構造体を製造する方法は、セラミック原料及び造孔材を含む坏土を所定の成形体に押出成形し、前記成型体を乾燥及び焼成する工程を有し、前記坏土は、前記セラミック原料100質量%に対して2~20質量%の前記造孔材を含有し、前記造孔材のメジアン径が5~70μmであり、前記造孔材は、表面に無機粉体を有する、中実又は中空の樹脂粒子である。
(a)構造
本発明で使用する造孔材は、中実の樹脂粒子又は中空の樹脂粒子からなり、無機粉体を含有する。前記無機粉体は、前記中実又は中空の樹脂粒子の表面に付着させるのが好ましい。前記無機粉体が表面に付着した樹脂粒子からなる造孔材は、水分を含んだ前記樹脂粒子に無機粉体を接触させることによって作製することができる。
前記樹脂粒子は中実又は中空のものを使用することができる。中空の樹脂粒子としては発泡させた樹脂粒子(多孔体樹脂粒子)が好ましい。造孔材粒子としてどちらを使用しても良いが、特に外形200 mm以上の大型のセラミックハニカム構造体を製造する場合は、燃焼による発熱量が少ない中空樹脂粒子を使用した方が、成形体を焼成する過程での焼成割れが発生し難くなるため好ましい。造孔材粒子として用いる樹脂としては、(ポリ)メタクリル酸メチル、ポリメタクリル酸ブチル、ポリアクリル酸エステル、ポリスチレン、ポリアクリルエステル、ポリエチレン、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、メチルメタクリレート・アクリロニトリル共重合体等が好適である。中空の樹脂粒子は、外殻厚さが0.1~3μmであるのが好ましく、炭化水素等のガスを内包させているのが好ましい。
前記無機粉体は、カオリン、シリカ、タルク、コーディエライト、アルミナ、水酸化アルミ、炭酸カルシウム、酸化チタンからなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1種類であるのが好ましい。中でも、セラミック原料としてコーディエライト化原料を使用する場合、無機粉体としてはカオリン、シリカ、タルク、コーディエライト、アルミナ及び水酸化アルミが好ましく、タルクが最も好ましい。
前記セラミック原料はコーディエライト化原料であるのが好ましい。コーディエライト化原料は、主結晶がコーディエライト(主成分の化学組成が42~56質量%のSiO2、30~45質量%のAl2O3及び12~16質量%のMgO)となるように、シリカ源成分、アルミナ源成分及びマグネシア源成分を有する各原料粉末を配合したものである。コーディエライトを主結晶とするセラミックスに形成される細孔は、コーディエライト化原料のシリカ及びタルクが焼成されて生じる細孔と、造孔材が燃焼されて生じる細孔によるものである。中でもシリカと造孔材は、形成される細孔の大部分を占めることから、それらの粒径及び粒度分布を調節することにより、コーディエライト質セラミックスが焼成された際に生じる細孔を制御することができる。
シリカは、他の原料に比べて高温まで安定に存在し、1300℃以上で溶融拡散し、細孔を形成することが知られている。このため、15~25質量%のシリカを含有すると、所望の量の細孔が得られる。25質量%を超えてシリカを含有させると、主結晶をコーディエライトに維持するために、他のシリカ源成分であるカオリン及び/又はタルクを低減させなければならず、その結果、カオリンによって得られる低熱膨張化の効果(押出し成形時にカオリンが配向されることで得られる効果)が低減し耐熱衝撃性が低下する。一方、15質量%未満の場合、隔壁表面に開口した細孔の数が少なくなるので、PMが捕集され蓄積した際の低い圧力損失が得られなくなる場合がある。シリカの含有量は、好ましくは17~23質量%である。なお、無機粉体としてシリカを含有させた造孔材を用する場合、前記造孔材中のシリカ配合量を勘案して、コーディエライト化原料に含まれるシリカの配合量を適宜変更する。
コーディエライト化原料に用いるシリカ原料としては、前記シリカ粉末に加えて、カオリン粉末を配合することができる。カオリン粉末は1~15質量%含有するのが好ましい。カオリン粉末をが15質量%を超えて含有すると、セラミックハニカム構造体の細孔径2μm未満の細孔を10容積%以下に調整することが困難になる場合があり、1質量%未満の場合は、セラミックハニカム構造体の熱膨張係数が大きくなる。カオリン粉末の含有量は、さらに好ましくは4~8質量%である。
へき開指数 = I(002)/[I(200)+I(020)+I(002)]
により求めることができる。へき開係数が大きいほどカオリン粒子の配向が良好であると言える。
コーディエライト化原料には、メジアン径が1~15μmであるタルクを含むのが好ましい。隔壁には、コーディエライト化原料中のシリカ及びタルクが焼成されて生じる細孔と、造孔材が燃焼されて生じる細孔とを有しているが、シリカと造孔材とにより形成された細孔間に、シリカ及び造孔材のメジアン径よりも小さいメジアン径1~15μmのタルク粒子が細孔を形成することで、前記造孔材とシリカとにより形成された細孔がタルク粒子の細孔で連通され、隔壁内の細孔の連通性が向上する。タルクのメジアン径が1μm未満の場合、細孔の連通性が低くなり、PMが捕集され蓄積した際の圧力損失特性が低下する。一方、タルクのメジアン径が15μmを超える場合、使用開始初期のPM捕集率を低下させる粗大細孔が多くなる。タルクのメジアン径は、好ましくは2~12μmであり、さらに好ましくは3~10μmである。
形態係数 = Ix/(Ix+2Iy)
により求めることができる。形態係数が大きいほどタルク粒子の平板度が高い。
アルミナ原料としては、不純物が少ないという点で酸化アルミニウム及び/又は水酸化アルミニウムが好ましい。酸化アルミニウム及び水酸化アルミニウム中の不純物であるNa2O、K2O及びCaOの含有量の合計は、好ましくは0.5質量%以下、より好ましくは0.3質量%以下、最も好ましくは0.1質量%以下である。水酸化アルミニウムを用いる場合のコージェライト化原料中の水酸化アルミニウムの含有量は、好ましくは6~42質量%である。酸化アルミニウムを用いる場合のコージェライト化原料中の酸化アルミニウムの含有量は、好ましくは35質量%以下である。
セラミックハニカム構造体は、セラミック原料及び造孔材に、バインダー、必要に応じて分散剤、界面活性剤等の添加剤を加えて乾式で混合した後、水を加えて混練し、得られた可塑性の坏土を、公知のハニカム構造体成形用の金型から公知の押出成形法により押出してハニカム構造の成形体を形成し、この成形体を乾燥した後、必要に応じて端面及び外周等の加工を施し、焼成することによって製造する。
表1~表4に示す粒子形状(粒径、粒度分布等)及び不純物を有するシリカ粉末、カオリン粉末、タルク粉末、アルミナ粉末及び水酸化アルミニウム粉末を表6に示す添加量で配合して、化学組成が50質量%のSiO2、36質量%のAl2O3及び14質量%のMgOとなるコーディエライト化原料粉末を得た。なお、表6に記載の各セラミックス原料の添加量は、セラミックス原料の合計量(造孔材に含まれるタルク又はシリカを含む)が100質量部となるように規格化した数値である。このコーディエライト化原料粉末に対し、表5に示す粒子形状の造孔材を表6に示す量で添加し、メチルセルロースを添加した後、水を加えて混練し、可塑性のコーディエライト化原料からなるセラミック坏土を作製した。なお造孔材G以外の造孔材は、ブタンガスを内包気体とする中空の樹脂粒子を使用した。実施例1で使用した造孔材Aの電子顕微鏡写真を図8に示す。
チタン酸アルミニウム組成となるように、セラミックス原料粉末として、32.0質量部のチタニア粉末(メジアン径1.6μm)、56.1質量部のアルミナ粉末(メジアン径5μm)、3.0質量部のシリカ粉末(メジアン径20μm)、3.0質量部のマグネシア粉末(メジアン径2μm)、成形助剤及び7.0質量部の造孔材(酸化チタンコート中空樹脂粒子、メジアン径20μm、真球度0.92)を混合、混練、及び押出して、外径50 mm、長さ90 mm、隔壁厚さ10 mil(0.25 mm)及びセル密度300 cpsi(46.5セル/cm2)のハニカム構造の成形体を得た。前記成形体を乾燥後、周縁部を除去加工し、室温~150℃は50℃/h、150~300℃は10℃/h、300~1000℃は50℃/h、1000℃以上では30℃/hの昇温速度で昇温し、最高温度1600℃で10時間保持し、1600℃~室温まで70℃/hの速度で冷却して焼成した。焼成したセラミックハニカム体の外周に、非晶質シリカとコロイダルシリカからなる外皮材をコーティングして乾燥させ、外径150 mm、全長200 mmのセラミックハニカム構造体を得た。
1.0 kPaを越える場合を(×)、
0.8 kPaを超え1.0 kPa以下の場合を(△)、
0.6 kPaを超え0.8 kPa以下の場合を(○)、及び
0.6 kPa以下の場合を(◎)
として初期圧力損失を評価した。
1.5 kPaを越える場合を(×)、
1.3 kPaを超え1.5 kPa以下の場合を(△)、
1.0 kPaを超え1.3 kPa以下の場合を(○)、及び
1.0 kPa以下の場合を(◎)
として煤捕集圧力損失を評価した。
98%以上の場合を(◎)、
96%以上98%未満の場合を(○)、
95%以上96%未満の場合を(△)、及び
95%未満の場合を(×)
として捕集効率を評価した。
Claims (9)
- 多孔質の隔壁で仕切られた多数の流路を有するセラミックハニカム構造体であって、
前記隔壁は、
(a)気孔率が55~80%、
(b)水銀圧入法により測定されたメジアン細孔径D50が5~27μm、
(c)表面に開口した細孔の開口面積率が20%以上、
(d)表面に開口した細孔を円相当径で表した場合の面積基準でのメジアン開口径d50が10~45μm、
(e)表面に開口した細孔の円相当径が10μm以上40μm未満の細孔密度が350個/mm2以上、
(f)細孔分布を水銀圧入法により測定した時の細孔径に対する累積細孔容積を示す曲線の傾きの最大値が1.6以上、及び
(g)前記メジアン細孔径D50とメジアン開口径d50との比D50/d50が0.65以下であることを特徴とするセラミックハニカム構造体。 - 請求項1に記載のセラミックハニカム構造体において、前記隔壁のダルシー透過定数が0.5×10-12~3×10-12m2であることを特徴とするセラミックハニカム構造体。
- 請求項1又は請求項2に記載のセラミックハニカム構造体において、前記セラミックハニカム構造体の20~800℃間の熱膨張係数が13×10-7/℃以下であることを特徴とするセラミックハニカム構造体。
- 請求項1~3のいずれかに記載のセラミックハニカム構造体の、前記流路の排気ガス流入側又は排気ガス流出側を交互に目封止してなるセラミックハニカムフィルタ。
- セラミック原料及び造孔材を含む坏土を所定の成形体に押出成形し、前記成形体を乾燥及び焼成する工程を有するセラミックハニカム構造体の製造方法であって、前記坏土は、前記セラミック原料100質量%に対して2~20質量%の前記造孔材を含有し、前記造孔材のメジアン径が5~70μmであり、前記造孔材は、表面に無機粉体を有する中実又は中空の樹脂粒子であることを特徴とするセラミックハニカム構造体の製造方法。
- 請求項5に記載のセラミックハニカム構造体の製造方法において、前記無機粉体が、カオリン、シリカ、タルク、コーディエライト、アルミナ、水酸化アルミ、炭酸カルシウム、及び酸化チタンからなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1種であることを特徴とするセラミックハニカム構造体の製造方法。
- 請求項5又は6に記載のセラミックハニカム構造体の製造方法において、前記無機粉体のメジアン径が0.5~15μmであることを特徴とするセラミックハニカム構造体の製造方法。
- 請求項5~7のいずれかに記載のセラミックハニカム構造体の製造方法において、前記セラミック原料がコーディエライト化原料であり、前記コーディエライト化原料にシリカを15~25%含み、前記シリカのメジアン径が20~30μm、真球度が0.5以上であることを特徴とするセラミックハニカム構造体の製造方法。
- 請求項8に記載のセラミックハニカム構造体の製造方法において、前記コーディエライト化原料にメジアン径が1~10μmであるタルクを含むことを特徴とするセラミックハニカム構造体の製造方法。
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US20120317947A1 (en) | 2012-12-20 |
KR101894341B1 (ko) | 2018-10-04 |
CN102762273B (zh) | 2016-06-15 |
EP2540370A1 (en) | 2013-01-02 |
EP2540370B1 (en) | 2018-04-04 |
CN102762273A (zh) | 2012-10-31 |
EP3120916A2 (en) | 2017-01-25 |
JPWO2011102487A1 (ja) | 2013-06-17 |
US8636821B2 (en) | 2014-01-28 |
US20140103560A1 (en) | 2014-04-17 |
US9353015B2 (en) | 2016-05-31 |
JP5673665B2 (ja) | 2015-02-18 |
EP3120916B1 (en) | 2021-10-20 |
EP3120916A3 (en) | 2017-04-12 |
JP5725247B2 (ja) | 2015-05-27 |
EP2540370A4 (en) | 2015-09-30 |
KR20130008031A (ko) | 2013-01-21 |
JP2015042613A (ja) | 2015-03-05 |
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