WO2011034049A1 - 低食塩醤油およびその製造法 - Google Patents
低食塩醤油およびその製造法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011034049A1 WO2011034049A1 PCT/JP2010/065818 JP2010065818W WO2011034049A1 WO 2011034049 A1 WO2011034049 A1 WO 2011034049A1 JP 2010065818 W JP2010065818 W JP 2010065818W WO 2011034049 A1 WO2011034049 A1 WO 2011034049A1
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- soy sauce
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L11/00—Pulses, i.e. fruits of leguminous plants, for production of food; Products from legumes; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L11/05—Mashed or comminuted pulses or legumes; Products made therefrom
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L27/00—Spices; Flavouring agents or condiments; Artificial sweetening agents; Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L27/50—Soya sauce
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/17—Amino acids, peptides or proteins
- A23L33/18—Peptides; Protein hydrolysates
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a low salt soy sauce having a good flavor.
- the present invention relates to low-salt soy sauce containing ethanol, 2-phenylethanol, isobutyl alcohol and isoamyl alcohol, which are known as important aroma components in soy sauce, in high concentrations, and further containing succinic acid as a taste component. It also relates to a method for producing low-salt soy sauce that can be easily obtained without adopting special means, and contains high concentrations of 2-phenylethanol and succinic acid, has high anti-caking stability, and has a good flavor.
- powdered soy sauce is related to powdered soy sauce.
- Soy sauce is mixed with steamed soybean and fried rice cracked wheat, inoculated with seeds for soy sauce, cultured to prepare soy sauce koji, added with a proper amount of saline to prepare moromi, and for a certain period of time It is fermented and matured to prepare aged moromi, and finally squeezed, filtered, fired (sterilized) and clarified.
- the soy sauce obtained in this way is known to contain more than 250 scented ingredients such as the scent of flowers and fruits, the scent of various sakes and vinegars, etc. Characterizes the scent of soy sauce. Alcohols constituting the scent component of soy sauce are usually contained in 2-3% in soy sauce. And these alcohols are known to improve the passage of fire with respect to foods during cooking and enhance the scent components (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 1).
- ethanol 2-phenylethanol, isobutyl alcohol, isoamyl alcohol, and the like are known as aromatic components that have a good influence on the quality of soy sauce (see Non-Patent Document 2, for example).
- 2-phenylethanol has a rose-like aroma and is also known to be a kind of an important aroma component in soy sauce (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- Succinic acid is well known as an umami component contained in shellfish and the like, but is also known as a flavoring component that is produced during soy sauce brewing and has a positive effect on the quality of soy sauce (for example, non-patent literature) 2).
- a method of preventing the decay that is, a method of keeping the temperature of the moromi taste at 40 ° C. or higher (55 ° C. in an extreme example) is known.
- spoilage bacteria are weak against acidity, so acid such as hydrochloric acid or lactic acid is added to moromi to maintain the pH at 4.0 or lower (3.0 in the extreme example), and spoilage A method for suppressing the growth of bacterial bacteria is known.
- Patent Document 2 in the production of a spirit-containing seasoning, lactic acid is added to the mash and the pH is kept at 4.5 or less, preferably 3.5 to 4.2. It is described to prevent rot.
- powdered soy sauce has hygroscopicity and deliquescence, and easily forms a block during storage, and also has a drawback that it is easily sticky and difficult to mix uniformly with other powder components.
- soy sauce moromi from which the alcoholic fermentation is finished that is, from 40 days after preparation to just before pressing
- soy sauce yeast and culturing the soy sauce moromi mash or soy sauce direct reducing sugar is adjusted to 1.5% (w / v) or less, and when the soy sauce is dried and powdered, there is a method of eliminating the above disadvantages.
- Patent Document 3 Known (Patent Document 3).
- the present invention includes low-salt soy sauce with good flavor, particularly ethanol, 2-phenylethanol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, which are known as important aroma components in soy sauce, and high concentrations of succinic acid, which is a flavoring ingredient.
- An object of the present invention is to obtain a low-salt soy sauce containing a high concentration of flavours without employing special means.
- Another object of the present invention is to eliminate the disadvantages of powdered soy sauce without employing special means, and to obtain a powdered soy sauce containing high concentrations of 2-phenylethanol and succinic acid and having a good flavor.
- the present inventors in the method for producing low-salt soy sauce, in the moromi in which the number of viable soy sauce yeast was 1 ⁇ 10 7 or more per 1 g of moromi, Add saccharide raw materials, add water or saline, adjust the salt concentration so that the salt concentration of the moromi soup after aging is 4.0-12.0 w / v%, and ferment and ripen these moromi It was found that a low-salt soy sauce with good flavor can be obtained without rotting the moromi, and a low-salt soy sauce with good flavor containing the alcohols at a high concentration can be obtained.
- the salt concentration is 4.0 to 12.0 w / v%
- the ethanol concentration is 4.0 to 10.0 v / v%
- 2-phenylethanol is 7.0 ⁇ g / ml or more per 1.0 w / v% of the total nitrogen concentration. It was found that a low-salt soy sauce with good flavor having a concentration of isobutyl alcohol of 10.0 ⁇ g / ml or more and isoamyl alcohol of 15.0 ⁇ g / ml or more can be obtained. Furthermore, it was found that the low-salt soy sauce having a succinic acid concentration of 500 ⁇ g / ml or more per total nitrogen concentration of 1.0 w / v% can be obtained.
- a saccharide raw material is added to the moromi with a soy sauce yeast viable count of 1 ⁇ 10 7 or more per gram of moromi, and water or saline is added to the moromi.
- the salt concentration is adjusted so that the salt concentration of the juice is 4.0 to 12.0 w / v%, and the moromi is fermented and matured.
- the glucose level of the moromi juice is calculated based on the total nitrogen concentration of 1.0 w / v%.
- the present invention is a low-salt soy sauce, a powdered soy sauce, and a method for producing the same as described below.
- Low salt soy sauce having 0 ⁇ g / ml or more, isobutyl alcohol concentration of 10.0 ⁇ g / ml or more, and isoamyl alcohol concentration of 15.0 ⁇ g / ml or more.
- soy sauce a saccharide raw material is added to moromi with a soy sauce yeast viable count of 1 ⁇ 10 7 or more per gram of moromi, and the salt concentration of the moromi soup after aging is 4.0-12.
- the salt concentration is adjusted to 0 w / v%, and the moromi is fermented and ripened, and the pH of the moromi soup after fermentation and ripening is 4.7 to 6.0.
- Production method of salt soy sauce is
- Glucose, maltose, fructose, starch hydrochloric acid decomposition solution, starch enzymatic saccharification solution, and the starch raw material is more than 65 w / w%, and the remainder is a starch prepared using a protein raw material.
- starch-rich rice cake which is one or more kinds selected from the group consisting of soy sauce cake, rice cake, wheat straw, corn cake and bran rice cake.
- saccharide raw material A one or more protein raw materials selected from the group consisting of soybeans, defatted soybeans, wheat gluten, and corn gluten, and the koji.
- Powdered soy sauce containing 7.0 ⁇ g / g or more of 2-phenylethanol and 500 ⁇ g / g or more of succinic acid per 1.0% (w / w) of total nitrogen.
- a method for producing powdered soy sauce characterized in that low salt soy sauce obtained by the method according to (4), (5) or (6) is dried into powder.
- low salt soy sauce and powdered soy sauce with good flavor can be obtained.
- low-salt soy sauce with good flavor containing high concentrations of ethanol, 2-phenylethanol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, both of which are known as important aroma components in soy sauce, and also containing succinic acid as a flavoring ingredient.
- ethanol, 2-phenylethanol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol both of which are known as important aroma components in soy sauce
- succinic acid as a flavoring ingredient.
- FIG. 1 shows the salt concentration (w / v%) of moromi soup after ripening as the X axis, and the total sugar amount (kg) of moromi soup immediately before the addition of the saccharide raw material to the volume of moromi after aging (L).
- a dispersion diagram showing the relationship with the ratio (kg / L) of the total amount of the raw material added to the total amount of sugar (kg) as the Y axis is shown.
- soy sauce production method in which soy sauce cake is charged into saline and the moromi product temperature is controlled at 15 to 30 ° C. for about 3 to 8 months, (1) about half a month to 3 months from the date of preparation Moromis whose soy sauce yeast viable count in moromi after 1 month has become 1 ⁇ 10 7 or more, especially 3 ⁇ 10 7 to 3 ⁇ 10 8 moromi, or (2) soy sauce moromi before alcohol fermentation, Or add soy sauce yeast culture solution obtained by culturing separately to the middle of fermentation, and add saccharide raw materials to the moromi where the number of viable soy sauce yeast in moromi became 1 ⁇ 10 7 or more per 1 g of moromi To do.
- soy sauce cake As the soy sauce cake, a soy sauce cake for producing ordinary brewed soy sauce can be used.
- Soy sauce lees are blended with steam-modified protein materials such as soybeans and defatted soybeans and heat-modified starch materials such as wheat (wheat, barley, bare wheat, and wheat) and rice. After adjusting the water content of the mixture to 35-45% (w / w), inoculate it with Aspergillus sojae, Aspergillus oryzae and other seed bacilli and culture at 20-40 ° C. for 1.5-4 days Can be prepared. It is preferable to carry out heat denaturation of wheat by fried rice cracking. Heat denaturation of rice is preferably performed by steaming or cooking.
- soy sauce cake and salt water to prepare soy sauce moromi.
- the amount of the saline is not particularly limited, but is usually 100 to 450% (v / v) as a volume ratio to the volume of plant seeds (raw raw grain equivalent volume) such as soybean and wheat used in the preparation of soy sauce cake. It is preferable to prepare soy sauce moromi by adding an amount of saline solution.
- the volume of the plant seed means a “bulk volume” including a void portion, which is measured using a graduated cylinder or the like.
- the salt concentration of the moromi at the time before the addition of the saccharide raw material is equal to the salt concentration in the soy sauce moromi in the ordinary soy sauce manufacturing method, typically 15.0 to 20.0 w / It is mixed with soy sauce cake so that it becomes v%.
- a saccharide raw material is added to soy sauce yeast viable count of 1 ⁇ 10 7 or more per 1 g of moromi, and water or saline is added to adjust the salt concentration of the moromi soup after aging. It is also important to adjust the content to be 0 to 12.0 w / v%. If it is less than 4.0 w / v%, the soy sauce moromi may rot, which is not preferable. On the other hand, when it exceeds 12.0 w / v%, the production and accumulation of alcohols is reduced, and a low-salt soy sauce with good flavor cannot be obtained, and the object of the present invention is not achieved.
- the greatest feature of the present invention is that even if the salt concentration of soy sauce moromi in the fermentation period is adjusted to 4.0 to 12.0 w / v%, the moromi does not spoil.
- soy sauce cake and saline are mixed in an open system (preparation is performed), and the obtained moromi is then fermented and matured in an open system.
- moromi contains abundant nutrients suitable for spoilage bacteria, so when the salt concentration falls below a certain level, so-called spoilage bacteria will vigorously grow, and the acid smell and sour taste It appears remarkably and eventually rots with a foul odor.
- the summer temperature of 25-35 ° C. is a suitable temperature for so-called spoilage bacteria, so when the salt concentration of moromi is a certain amount or more, that is, a concentration of 15% (w / v) or more. There is no problem, but if it is less than that, it will rot soon. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust so that the salt concentration of the moromi in summer is safe if it is 17 w / v% and dangerous if it is 16 w / v% or less.
- the product temperature of moromi is 40 ° C. or higher ( In an extreme example, the temperature is kept at 55 ° C.), or an acid such as hydrochloric acid or lactic acid is added to moromi to reduce the pH to 4.0 or less (in an extreme example, pH 3.0 or less). It has the characteristic that it can suppress the propagation of spoilage bacteria without holding.
- carbohydrate raw materials examples include (I) glucose (crystal glucose, powdered glucose, liquid glucose, etc.), maltose, fructose, sucrose, pregelatinized grains (wheat, rice, etc.), and pregelatinized strawberries (II) starch Hydrochloric acid-degraded saccharified liquefied liquid, (III) starch enzymatically-degraded saccharified liquid, (IV) starch, raw material such as wheat, barley, bare barley, wheat, rice, corn and the like is more than 65 w / w%, The remainder is a low-grade rice such as ⁇ starch-rich soy sauce cake '', crushed rice, crushed rice, etc., or suitable rice obtained by preparing soy sauce cake by a conventional method using protein raw materials such as soybeans and gluten Examples include rice bran used, barley straw using barley and wheat, corn straw and bran straw, and (V) those obtained by saccharification of these straws (for example, amazake, straw digested
- the above saccharide raw materials are divided into the following groups and defined respectively.
- “Sugar material A” is one or two kinds selected from the group consisting of glucose, maltose, fructose, starch hydrolyzate, starch saccharified solution, sucrose, pre-gelatinized cereal, and potato That means the above.
- soy sauce cake means one or more selected from the group consisting of soy sauce koji, rice koji, wheat koji, corn koji, and bran koji.
- the soy sauce cake includes “starch-rich soy sauce cake” as defined below.
- Rasen rich in starch means that the blending ratio of starchy raw materials such as wheat, barley, bare barley, hato barley, rice and corn is more than 65 w / w%, and the remainder is soybean, defatted soybean, etc.
- Soy sauce cake rich in starch '' obtained by preparing soy sauce cake using a conventional method, low-grade rice such as crushed rice, crushed rice, or rice bran, barley or It means wheat straw, corn straw and bran straw using wheat.
- Protein raw material means one or more selected from the group consisting of soybeans, defatted soybeans, wheat gluten, and corn gluten.
- saccharide raw materials are added together are 1) a combination of saccharide raw material A and koji. 2) Combination of carbohydrate raw material A, protein raw material, and koji. 3) A combination of starch-rich koji and protein raw material.
- the (II) hydrochloric acid-decomposed saccharified liquefied starch material is prepared by adding dilute hydrochloric acid (for example, about 2 to 3 v / v% dilute hydrochloric acid) to a starch material such as wheat flour, crushed rice, white birch, crushed wheat, corn, etc. at a weight ratio of about The amount obtained by adding ⁇ 4 times amount, heating at about 100 ° C. for 3 to 4 hours by a steam blowing method, etc., then neutralizing to pH 5.0 to 6.0 using sodium carbonate and filtering. .
- dilute hydrochloric acid for example, about 2 to 3 v / v% dilute hydrochloric acid
- the above (III) enzymatically digested saccharified solution of starch is, for example, 1 to 3 parts by weight of 10 to 15 w / v% saline solution per 1 part by weight of starch-rich rice cake, and 50 to 60 ° C. for 5 to 20 hours. Examples thereof include those obtained by keeping warm and saccharifying starch in koji.
- sucrose, pre-gelatinized cereals or pre-gelatinized potatoes added to moromi are saccharified by saccharifying enzymes in soy sauce moromi.
- the amylase activity in soy sauce moromi that has passed about half a month or more after preparation is considerably less than that at the beginning of the preparation and is not sufficient, so it is preferable to add it together with soy sauce cake, bran paste, rice bran, wheat straw .
- sucrose, pregelatinized cereals or pregelatinized potatoes are rapidly saccharified to glucose in moromi by newly added potato amylase.
- the protein raw material introduced into moromi is hydrolyzed by proteases in soy sauce moromi.
- proteases since the protease activity in soy sauce moromi that has passed about half a month or more after preparation is considerably less than that at the beginning of preparation, it is not sufficient, so it is preferable to add it together with soy sauce cake, bran paste, rice bran, wheat straw .
- the protein raw material is decomposed into amino acids and the like by the newly added koji protease in moromi.
- the amount of the saccharide raw material added is 4.0% or more, preferably 4 to 12.0 v / v%, more preferably 4.0 to 10.0 v / v% in the moromi soup after fermentation and ripening. It is necessary to add such an amount.
- the sum of the total sugar amount in the moromi before adding the saccharide raw material and the total sugar amount contained in the raw material to be added is preferably 0.050 kg or more per liter of the total moromi, and 0.100 to 0.250 kg. More preferred is 0.110 to 0.200 kg.
- Y is the ratio of the total amount of sugar (kg) of the moromi just before the addition of the saccharide raw material to the total amount of sugar (kg) of the raw material added (kg) to the capacity (L) of the moromi after fermentation and aging (kg) / L)
- the number of soy yeast is 1 ⁇ 10 7 or more per 1 g of moromi, saccharide raw materials and other raw materials are added as needed.
- “added raw material” refers to the raw material added to the moromi which satisfies the above yeast number condition, and the above-mentioned carbohydrate raw material A, rice cake (including starch-rich rice cake), protein raw material, etc. Is included.
- the moromi obtained above is maintained at 20 to 35 ° C. by a conventional method and stirred or aerated once to several times a day, or by appropriate stirring with compressed air or a propeller rotary stirrer, etc. Let Alternatively, continuous aeration stirring may be used.
- moromi is very vigorous in alcoholic fermentation. Then, ethanol is rapidly generated, and moromi having an ethanol concentration of 4.0 to 10.0 v / v% can be easily obtained. In addition, other alcohols are generated and accumulated in moromi in a significant amount.
- concentration of 2-phenylethanol is 7.0 ⁇ g / ml or more
- isobutyl alcohol is 10.0 ⁇ g / ml or more
- isoamyl alcohol is 15.0 ⁇ g / ml or more
- succinic acid is 500 ⁇ g / ml or more per total nitrogen concentration of 1.0 w / v%.
- the low salt soy sauce which has can be obtained easily.
- the glucose concentration per total nitrogen concentration of 1.0 w / v% is preferably 5.0 mg / ml or less.
- the upper limit of the content of 2-phenylethanol, isobutyl alcohol, isoamyl alcohol, and succinic acid in the low-salt soy sauce of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is typically 2 per 2% per total nitrogen concentration of 1.0 w / v%.
- Phenylethanol is 150.0 ⁇ g / ml or less
- isobutyl alcohol is 250.0 ⁇ g / ml or less
- isoamyl alcohol is 120.0 ⁇ g / ml or less
- succinic acid is 2000 ⁇ g / ml or less.
- the minimum of content of glucose is not specifically limited, Usually, it is 0.1 mg / ml or more per total nitrogen concentration of 1.0 w / v%.
- the moromi is aged for about half a month to 3 months, and then pressed, filtered, fired and clarified to obtain the low salt soy sauce of the present invention.
- the dry pulverization of the low salt soy sauce obtained above is carried out by the usual method for producing powdered soy sauce.
- the method of dry-powdering such as a spray-dry method, a drum-dry method, a fleece dry method.
- the powdered soy sauce obtained by the dry powdering method undergoes a Maillard reaction by heating or oxidation, and is solidified by water generated there, and changes from a smooth powder to a block.
- the low salt soy sauce obtained in the present invention reducing sugars and glucose contained in the causative substances of the Maillard reaction are reduced, so that the resulting powder soy sauce is less likely to form blocks during storage.
- a powdery soy sauce containing 2-phenylethanol of 7.0 ⁇ g / g or more and succinic acid of 500 ⁇ g / g or more per 1.0% (w / w) of total nitrogen in the water solution of powdered soy sauce is obtained. It has the characteristics obtained.
- the upper limit of the content of 2-phenylethanol and succinic acid in the powdered soy sauce of the present invention is not particularly limited, but typically it is 150. 2-phenylethanol per 1.0% (w / w) of the total nitrogen concentration. 0 ⁇ g / g or less and succinic acid 2000 ⁇ g / g or less.
- this koji raw material was inoculated with 0.1 w / w% of Aspergillus oryzae (ATCC 14895) bran seeds (effective spores: 1 ⁇ 10 9 / g) to the koji raw material.
- the soy sauce cake was obtained by placing in a lid and kneading for 42 hours by a conventional method.
- soy sauce moromi 0.8 kg of the soy sauce cake was mixed with 1.9 L of 18 w / v% saline.
- soy sauce lactic acid bacteria are added to this soy sauce moromi so that it becomes 1 ⁇ 10 5 per 1 g of moromi, and the moromi product temperature is maintained at 15 ° C. for one month, so that the decomposition elution and lactic acid fermentation of the raw material by soy sauce koji enzyme
- soy sauce moromi salt concentration of about 15 w / v%) suitable for the growth of soy sauce yeast was obtained.
- soy sauce moromi suitable for the growth of this soy sauce yeast is prepared in 4 sections (1 ward of the present invention, 2 wards of the present invention, 1 ward of comparative example, 2 wards of comparative example), and soy sauce mash (Chigo) Saccharomyces rouxie) was added to 5 ⁇ 10 5 moromi, and the moromi product temperature was kept at 20 ° C., the moromi of Comparative Example 1 was 3 days, the moromi of Comparative 2 was 5 days, The moromi of the 1st section of the present invention is stirred for 7 days and the moromi of the 2nd section of the present invention is stirred for 9 days.
- the number of viable soy sauce yeast per 1 g of the moromi is 1 ⁇ 10 6 , 5 ⁇ 10 6 , 1 ⁇ 10 7. And 3 ⁇ 10 7 moromi were obtained.
- the moromi product temperature is 25 ° C and agitated as appropriate, and squeezed the moromi in 4 months after preparation to obtain deep-fried soy sauce. Obtained.
- a component analysis and a sensory test were performed. Table 1 shows the results of component analysis, and Table 2 shows the results of sensory test.
- the sensory test was performed by a scoring method with 20 trained panels having discriminating ability. That is, the low salt soy sauce of the sample is compared with the commercially available low salt soy sauce (manufactured by Kikkoman), 0 for no difference, 1 for slight difference, 2 for difference, 3 for slight difference, 4 for large difference. An extremely large difference was evaluated as 5, and it was marked with (+) when it had a flavor superior to that of commercially available low salt soy sauce, and (-) when it was inferior.
- the score in the table is the average value of the panel of 20 people, “**” in the test column is significantly different at 1% risk rate, “*” is significantly different at 5% risk rate, “ ⁇ ” "Means no significant difference.
- the number of viable yeast was determined by the method described in the Food Microbial Handbook (edited by Hisao Yoshii, Yasuyuki Kaneko, Kazuo Yamaguchi, Gihodo Publishing, page 603).
- the number of viable soy sauce yeast per gram of moromi is less than 1 ⁇ 10 7 , that is, 1 ⁇ 10 6 (Comparative Example 1), or 5 ⁇ 10 6
- the salt concentration of the moromi mash after aging is adjusted to 6.5 w / v%, then it will rot or exhibit a sour acid odor. It can be seen that it has drawbacks.
- the saccharide raw material is added at the time when the number of viable soy sauce yeast per gram of moromi becomes 1 ⁇ 10 7 or more (the first ward of the present invention and the second ward of the present invention), the moromi after ripening Even if it adjusts so that the salt concentration of a juice may be 6.5 w / v%, it turns out that a salt-reduced soy sauce with favorable flavor can be obtained, without decaying.
- Example 1 In the preparation of low common salt soy sauce of the present invention 2 district Example 1 (soy sauce yeast count viable cells per moromi 1g is 3 ⁇ 10 7 cells upon addition sugar materials), the amount of sauce that is described in Table 3
- the low salt soy sauce was prepared in the same manner except that glucose was added as the koji and saccharide raw material, and the amount of water (or water and saline) shown in Table 3 was added to adjust the salt concentration of the moromi. Obtained.
- the component analysis and sensory test of the low salt soy sauce thus obtained were carried out in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Tables 4-6.
- the salt concentration of the moromi is added by changing the ratio of water and saline depending on the final target salt concentration. This is because it is also necessary to change the moisture content of the straw.
- Low salt soy sauce In the production method of low salt soy sauce in Example 2 of the present invention 2 (the number of viable soy sauce yeast per gram of moromi at the time of adding sugar raw materials is 3 ⁇ 10 7 ), Low salt soy sauce (5th section of the present invention) was obtained in exactly the same manner except that 0.35 kg of fried rice cracker wheat was added.
- the obtained low-salt soy sauce (invention 5) was compared with the invention 2 obtained in Example 1 (glucose was used as a saccharide raw material). Further, in the same manner as in Example 1, a sensory test was performed using a commercially available low salt soy sauce (manufactured by Kikkoman Corporation) as a control. The results are shown in Tables 7-10.
- the fried rice cracked wheat which is a pre-gelatinized cereal, is quickly saccharified to glucose by the newly added soy sauce enzyme (such as amylase) in the moromi.
- soy sauce enzyme such as amylase
- Ethanol, 2-phenylethanol, isobutyl alcohol and isoamyl alcohol which are assimilated by yeast and are known as important aroma components in soy sauce, accumulate in soy sauce moromi at a high concentration, and low salt soy sauce with good flavor is a special means It can be seen that it can be obtained without adopting.
- Example 1 low common salt soy sauce production method step (soy sauce yeast count viable cells per moromi 1g upon addition sugar materials is 3 ⁇ 10 7 cells) (3), the addition of a soy sauce koji First, add 0.6 kg of glucose as a saccharide raw material, and add 1.1 L of water and saline so that the final moromi taste will have a salt concentration of 8%. Invention 6) was obtained.
- the obtained low salt soy sauce (invention 6) was compared with the invention 2 obtained in Example 1. Further, in the same manner as in Example 1, a sensory test was performed using a commercially available low salt soy sauce (manufactured by Kikkoman Corporation) as a control. The results are shown in Tables 11-14.
- the added glucose is assimilated by soy sauce yeast, ethanol known as an important aroma component in soy sauce is 4.0 v / v% or more, and the total nitrogen concentration is 1.0 w / v.
- 2-phenylethanol per% having a concentration of not less than 7.0 ⁇ g / ml, isobutyl alcohol of not less than 10.0 ⁇ g / ml, isoamyl alcohol of not less than 15.0 ⁇ g / ml, and a concentration of not less than 500 ⁇ g / ml of succinic acid It can be seen that a low salt soy sauce is obtained.
- this koji raw material was inoculated with 0.1 w / w% of Aspergillus oryzae (ATCC 14895) bran seeds (effective spores: 1 ⁇ 10 9 / g) to the koji raw material. It was put in a lid and kneaded for 42 hours by a conventional method to obtain a soy sauce cake rich in starch with a wheat blending ratio of 70%.
- Aspergillus oryzae ATCC 14895
- bran seeds effective spores: 1 ⁇ 10 9 / g
- this koji raw material was inoculated with 0.1 w / w% of Aspergillus oryzae (ATCC 14895) bran seeds (effective spores: 1 ⁇ 10 9 / g) to the koji raw material. It was put in a lid and kneaded for 42 hours by a conventional method to obtain a soy sauce cake rich in starch with a wheat blending ratio of 99%.
- Aspergillus oryzae ATCC 14895
- bran seeds effective spores: 1 ⁇ 10 9 / g
- the obtained low salt soy sauce (7th and 8th inventions) was compared with the 2nd invention obtained in Example 1 (using glucose as a saccharide raw material). Further, in the same manner as in Example 1, a sensory test was performed using a commercially available low salt soy sauce (manufactured by Kikkoman Corporation) as a control. The results are shown in Tables 16-18.
- soy sauce cake rich in starch is rapidly decomposed to glucose, assimilated by soy sauce yeast, and ethanol of not less than 4.0 v / v%, which is known as an important aroma component in soy sauce
- concentration of 2-phenylethanol is 7.0 ⁇ g / ml or more
- isobutyl alcohol is 10.0 ⁇ g / ml or more
- isoamyl alcohol is 15.0 ⁇ g / ml or more per total nitrogen concentration of 1.0 w / v%
- succinic acid is 500 ⁇ g / ml.
- soy sauce cake rich in starch with a blending ratio of crystalline glucose (made by Showa Sangyo) and wheat obtained in Example 5 of 70% was used.
- protein raw materials puffmin F (produced by Kikkoman) obtained by expanding soybeans and VITEN (produced by Rocket Japan) which is a commercially available wheat gluten were used.
- the obtained low salt soy sauce (the present invention 9, 10, 11, 12) was compared with the second section of the present invention (glucose was used as a saccharide raw material) obtained in Example 1. Further, in the same manner as in Example 1, a sensory test was performed using a commercially available low salt soy sauce (manufactured by Kikkoman Corporation) as a control. The results are shown in Tables 20-22.
- the total nitrogen content is high, and ethanol 4.0 v / v% or more, which is known as an important aroma component in soy sauce, is obtained by adding 2-phenylethanol 7% per 1.0 w / v% total nitrogen concentration. It has a concentration of 0 ⁇ g / ml or more, isobutyl alcohol 10.0 ⁇ g / ml or more, isoamyl alcohol 15.0 ⁇ g / ml or more, succinic acid 500 ⁇ g / ml or more, and a low-salt soy sauce with good flavor is special It can be seen that it can be obtained without adopting simple means.
- the product of the present invention was dry powdered.
- 300 ml of the product 2 of the present invention is used, 60 g of dextrin (paindex # 2) is added thereto as an excipient, heated to 80 ° C., and spray-dried to obtain the product 13 of the present invention. It was.
- Spray drying is performed using a mobile minor type spray-dry TM-2000 Model-A manufactured by NIRO JAPAN under the conditions of 170-180 ° C, outlet temperature 90 ° C, liquid supply rate 15ml / min, and administer rotation speed 20000-22000rpm. It was.
- Table 23 shows the analytical values of the obtained powdered soy sauce.
- dark powder soy sauce Karloman
- Comparative Example 4 were dried into powder as in the case of the present invention 13.
- the powdered soy sauce of the present invention 13 contained a large amount of 2-phenylethanol and succinic acid.
- powder soy sauce was dissolved in water at an appropriate dilution rate, followed by analysis in the same manner as for soy sauce, and then converted according to the dilution rate.
- the powdered soy sauce of the present invention has very low hygroscopicity and deliquescence, does not easily form blocks during storage, has very little stickiness, and is easily mixed with other powder components uniformly. There was found.
- the low salt soy sauce of Comparative Example 7 to which 0.75 kg of glucose was added, it was confirmed that the glucose concentration (residual glucose amount) per 1% (w / v) of the total nitrogen concentration was as large as 35.4 mg / ml. It was done.
- the low-salt soy sauce obtained here when dried into powder soy sauce, is highly hygroscopic and deliquescent, easily forms a block during storage, and also has a stickiness, and other powder ingredients It has been found that it is difficult to mix uniformly.
- the soy sauce yeast viable count is 1 ⁇ 10 7 or more moromi per 1 g of moromi, and the moromi is mixed and sampled.
- the sample moromi is collected and filtered (No. 2 filter paper, funnel) , 200 ml Erlenmeyer flask was used) to prepare a clear moromi soup.
- the salt concentration (w / v%) of moromi soup after aging is X-axis
- the total sugar amount (kg) of moromi soup immediately before the addition of the saccharide raw material to the volume of moromi after aging (L) A dispersion diagram is shown in which the ratio (kg / L) of the total amount to the total amount of sugar (kg) of the added raw material (kg / L) is taken as the Y axis.
- the present inventions 1 to 12, 14, and 15 all have the following conditions: 4.0 ⁇ X ⁇ 12.0 Y ⁇ ⁇ 0.005X + 0.16 Y ⁇ ⁇ 0.005X + 0.24 In contrast, Comparative Examples 3, 4, and 7 do not satisfy this condition.
- the amount of glucose in the final moromi was 5.0 mg / ml or less per 1% (W / V) of total nitrogen (TN), and sugar The amount was confirmed to be small.
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Abstract
Description
4.0≦X≦12.0
Y≧-0.005X+0.16
Y≦-0.005X+0.24
(式中、
Xは、発酵、熟成後の諸味液汁の食塩濃度(w/v%)の値を示し、
Yは、発酵、熟成後の諸味の容量(L)に対する、糖質原料添加直前の諸味液汁の全糖量(kg)と添加される原料の全糖量(kg)との合計量の比(kg/L)の値を示す)
を満足することを特徴とする、(4)または(5)に記載の低食塩醤油の製造法。
以下の条件:
4.0≦X≦12.0
Y≧-0.005X+0.16
Y≦-0.005X+0.24
(式中、
Xは、発酵、熟成後の諸味液汁の食塩濃度(w/v%)の値を示し、
Yは、発酵、熟成後の諸味の容量(L)に対する、糖質原料添加直前の諸味の全糖量(kg)と添加される原料の全糖量(kg)との合計量の比(kg/L)の値を示す)
を満足する範囲にて、醤菌酵母数が諸味1gあたり1×107個以上の諸味に対し、糖質原料及び必要に応じて他の原料を添加する。なお、上記において「添加される原料」とは上記酵母数の条件を満たす諸味に添加される原料を指し、上述の糖質原料A、麹(澱粉質に富む麹を包含する)、蛋白質原料等を包含する。
脱脂加工大豆10kgに80℃の温水を130w/w%加え、これを飽和水蒸気を用いて蒸煮圧力2kg/cm2(ゲージ圧力)で20分間加圧加熱蒸煮した。一方、生小麦10kgを常法に従って炒熬割砕した。次にこれら二つの処理原料を混合して水分約40w/w%の製麹用原料を調製した。
上記醤油麹0.8kgを18w/v%食塩水1.9Lに混和した。次いで、この醤油諸味に醤油乳酸菌を諸味1gあたり1×105個となるように添加し、1ヵ月間諸味品温を15℃に保持して、醤油麹酵素による原料の分解溶出および乳酸発酵を行ない、醤油酵母の増殖に好適な醤油諸味(食塩濃度約15w/v%)を得た。
ついで上記各区の諸味に対し、前記(1)記載の醤油麹1.6kgおよび含水結晶グルコース(昭和産業社製)0.35kgを添加し、さらに熟成後の諸味液汁の食塩濃度が6.5w/v%となるように、水1.7Lを添加した。
その後、諸味品温を25℃として適宜撹拌して熟成させ、仕込後4ヵ月目にこの諸味を圧搾して生揚げ醤油を得、火入れ、オリ引きして4種類の低食塩醤油を得た。得られた低食塩醤油について、成分分析および官能検査を行った。成分分析の結果を表1に、官能検査の結果を表2に示す。
食塩濃度、エタノール濃度、全窒素濃度、およびpHは、財団法人日本醤油研究所編集「しょうゆ試験法」(昭和60年3月1日発行)に記載の方法により求めた。また、コハク酸、グルコース濃度は高速液体クロマトグラフィ分析により求めた。
2-フェニルエタノール、イソブチルアルコールおよびイソアミルアルコールの各濃度は、Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry Vol.39,934,1991記載のガスクロマトグラフィーを用いる定量分析法により実施した。
官能検査は、識別能力を有する訓練されたパネル20名による評点法によって行った。すなわち、試料の低食塩醤油を市販減塩醤油(キッコーマン社製)と比較し、差なしを0、若干の差有りを1、差ありを2、やや大きな差有りを3、大きな差有りを4、極めて大きな差有りを5と評価し、市販減塩醤油よりも優れた風味を有しているときには(+)、反対に劣っているときには(-)の符号を付して示した。
脱脂加工大豆6kgに80℃の温水を130w/w%加え、これを飽和水蒸気を用いて蒸煮圧力2kg/cm2(ゲージ圧力)で20分間加圧加熱蒸煮した。一方、生小麦14kgを常法に従って炒熬割砕した。次にこれら二つの処理原料を混合して水分約40w/w%の製麹用原料を調製した。
実施例1の本発明2区(糖質原料添加時の諸味1gあたりの醤油酵母生菌数が3×107個)の低食塩醤油の製造法の工程(3)において、醤油麹を添加せず、糖質原料として、上記で作成した澱粉質に富む麹を表15のように添加し、その際に、最終諸味の食塩濃度で7.0%になるように水及び食塩水を1.6L添加し、その他は、同様にして低食塩醤油(本発明7、8区)を得た。
上記実施例1の本発明2区(糖質原料添加時の諸味1gあたりの醤油酵母生菌数が3×107個)の低食塩醤油の製造法において、表24に記載された量の醤油麹および糖質原料としてグルコースを添加し、さらに表24に記載された量の水および食塩水を添加して諸味の食塩濃度調整を行い、その後は、実施例1と同様に適宜攪拌を行い、発酵熟成し、その後、圧搾、濾過し、火入れ、清澄して本発明の低食塩醤油を得た。その結果、表25のように醤油中の重要な香気成分として知られるエタノール4.0v/v%以上で、全窒素濃度1.0w/v%あたり2-フェニルエタノール7.0μg/ml以上、イソブチルアルコール10.0μg/ml以上、イソアミルアルコール15.0μg/ml以上の濃度を有し、さらにコハク酸500μg/ml以上の濃度を有する低食塩醤油が特殊な手段を採用することなく得られることが判る。一方で、グルコースを0.75kg添加した比較例7の低食塩醤油については、全窒素濃度1%(w/v)当りのグルコース濃度(残グルコース量)が35.4mg/mlと多いことが確認された。また、ここで得られる低食塩醤油は、乾燥粉末化して粉末醤油とした場合は、吸湿性、潮解性が強く、保存中に容易にブロックを形成し、またベトツキもあって、他の粉末成分と均一に混和し難いものであることが判明している。
糖質原料添加直前の、醤油酵母生菌数が諸味1gあたり1×107個以上の諸味をかくはん混合し、均一にした諸味から、試料諸味を採取し、ろ紙ろ過(No.2ろ紙、漏斗、200ml三角フラスコ使用)して、清澄な諸味液汁を調製した。
イ.試料10ml(予想糖量によってサンプルの量を加減してもよい。)を秤取して250mLに定容し、試料溶液とする。
添加原料の全糖量については、添加原料5gに2.5%塩酸100mlを加え100℃2.5時間加熱し、加水分解を行った後、ろ過を行い、水酸化ナトリウムで中和を行った。サンプルを水で500mlとしフェーリング・レーマン・ショール法により還元糖量を求め、全糖量を算出した。
4.0≦X≦12.0
Y≧-0.005X+0.16
Y≦-0.005X+0.24
を満足するのに対して、比較例3、4、7はこの条件を満足しない。
Claims (8)
- 食塩濃度4.0~12.0w/v%、エタノール濃度4.0~10.0v/v%を有し、全窒素濃度1.0w/v%あたり2-フェニルエタノール濃度が7.0μg/ml以上、イソブチルアルコール濃度が10.0μg/ml以上およびイソアミルアルコール濃度が15.0μg/ml以上である低食塩醤油。
- 全窒素濃度1.0w/v%あたりコハク酸濃度が500μg/ml以上である請求項1に記載の低食塩醤油。
- 全窒素濃度1.0w/v%あたりグルコース濃度が5.0mg/ml以下である請求項1に記載の低食塩醤油。
- 醤油の製造法において、醤油酵母生菌数が諸味1gあたり1×107個以上の諸味に、糖質原料を添加し、熟成後の諸味液汁の食塩濃度が4.0~12.0w/v%になるように食塩濃度を調整し、この諸味を発酵、熟成させること、並びに、発酵、熟成後の諸味液汁のpHが4.7~6.0であることを特徴とする低食塩醤油の製造法。
- 糖質原料が、下記(1)~(4)のいずれかである請求項4に記載の低食塩醤油の製造法。
(1)グルコース、麦芽糖、果糖、澱粉の塩酸分解液、澱粉の酵素糖化液、並びに、澱粉質原料の配合割合が65w/w%より多く、残余部分が蛋白質原料を用いて調製される澱粉質に富む醤油麹、米麹、麦麹、トウモロコシ麹およびフスマ麹からなる群から選ばれる一種または二種以上である澱粉質に富む麹からなる群から選ばれる一種または二種以上。
(2)グルコース、麦芽糖、果糖、澱粉の塩酸分解液、澱粉の酵素糖化液、蔗糖、α化した穀類、およびα化した芋類からなる群から選ばれる一種または二種以上である糖質原料Aと、醤油麹、米麹、麦麹、トウモロコシ麹、およびフスマ麹からなる群から選ばれる一種または二種以上である麹との組合せ。
(3)前記糖質原料Aと、大豆、脱脂加工大豆、小麦グルテン、およびコーングルテンからなる群から選ばれる一種または二種以上である蛋白質原料と、前記麹との組合せ。
(4)前記澱粉質に富む麹と、前記蛋白質原料との組合せ。 - 以下の条件:
4.0≦X≦12.0
Y≧-0.005X+0.16
Y≦-0.005X+0.24
(式中、
Xは、発酵、熟成後の諸味液汁の食塩濃度(w/v%)の値を示し、
Yは、発酵、熟成後の諸味の容量(L)に対する、糖質原料添加直前の諸味液汁の全糖量(kg)と添加される原料の全糖量(kg)との合計量の比(kg/L)の値を示す)
を満足することを特徴とする、請求項4または5に記載の低食塩醤油の製造法。 - 全窒素1.0%(w/w)あたり、2-フェニルエタノール7.0μg/g以上、コハク酸500μg/g以上を含有する粉末醤油。
- 請求項4、5または6に記載の方法で得られる低食塩醤油を乾燥粉末化することを特徴とする粉末醤油の製造法。
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WO2012128290A1 (ja) * | 2011-03-23 | 2012-09-27 | キッコーマン株式会社 | 超低食塩醤油及びその製造法 |
JP2015012811A (ja) * | 2013-07-03 | 2015-01-22 | キッコーマン株式会社 | チキンエキス含有スープ |
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JP2016059382A (ja) * | 2014-09-12 | 2016-04-25 | キッコーマン株式会社 | 醤油様調味料の製造方法及び醤油様調味料 |
WO2016060149A1 (ja) * | 2014-10-14 | 2016-04-21 | キッコーマン株式会社 | 低pH醤油 |
JP5964537B1 (ja) * | 2014-10-14 | 2016-08-03 | キッコーマン株式会社 | 低pH醤油 |
US10092027B2 (en) | 2014-10-14 | 2018-10-09 | Kikkoman Corporation | Low-pH soy sauce |
JP2016149987A (ja) * | 2015-02-18 | 2016-08-22 | キッコーマン株式会社 | 減塩粉末醤油およびその製造方法 |
WO2022215302A1 (ja) | 2021-04-07 | 2022-10-13 | キッコーマン株式会社 | 粉末醤油及びその製造方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2478778A1 (en) | 2012-07-25 |
SG179195A1 (en) | 2012-05-30 |
EP2805623A3 (en) | 2015-01-14 |
US20120177783A1 (en) | 2012-07-12 |
JPWO2011034049A1 (ja) | 2013-02-14 |
CN103519125B (zh) | 2015-06-10 |
TWI520687B (zh) | 2016-02-11 |
CN102573522A (zh) | 2012-07-11 |
CN103519125A (zh) | 2014-01-22 |
EP2478778A4 (en) | 2014-03-19 |
TW201117731A (en) | 2011-06-01 |
EP2805623B1 (en) | 2016-03-09 |
JP5684132B2 (ja) | 2015-03-11 |
US9107437B2 (en) | 2015-08-18 |
EP2805623A2 (en) | 2014-11-26 |
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