WO2016060149A1 - 低pH醤油 - Google Patents
低pH醤油 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016060149A1 WO2016060149A1 PCT/JP2015/078994 JP2015078994W WO2016060149A1 WO 2016060149 A1 WO2016060149 A1 WO 2016060149A1 JP 2015078994 W JP2015078994 W JP 2015078994W WO 2016060149 A1 WO2016060149 A1 WO 2016060149A1
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- soy sauce
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- ethyl lactate
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- ppm
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L27/00—Spices; Flavouring agents or condiments; Artificial sweetening agents; Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L27/50—Soya sauce
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L23/00—Soups; Sauces; Preparation or treatment thereof
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a low pH soy sauce in which the acidity and acid smell are suppressed and the aftertaste taste is improved.
- soy sauce which is one of the traditional seasonings in Japan, produces soy sauce koji by inoculating and cultivating koji mold in a mixture of heat-denatured protein material such as soybean and starchy material such as wheat. Then, the soy sauce koji is charged into a saline solution to make the soy sauce moromi mash, which is fermented and aged, and then manufactured by compression filtration.
- the pH of brewed soy sauce obtained by such a general production method is around 4.8.
- soy sauce has a strong pH buffering capacity, for example, when soy sauce is added to a seasoning having a pH of less than 4.6, the pH may be higher than 4.6.
- the pH of food affects the taste and smell of food and is closely related to the growth of microbes. Generally, lowering the pH of food can suppress the growth of microbes and prevent the decay and deterioration of food. Can. Therefore, it is conceivable to lower the pH to increase the microbial resistance of the food.
- soy sauce As a method of lowering the pH of soy sauce, a method of adding an acidulant is used.
- a method of adding an acidulant is used.
- acidity and acid smell are felt strongly, and the taste of soy sauce aftertaste is lacking, which is not preferable in terms of flavor. Therefore, it is very useful to be able to satisfy both of the microbial resistance and the palatability if it is possible to suppress acidity and acid smell and to provide soy sauce having a low pH and good taste.
- soy sauce is known to have various aroma components that form its rich aroma, and these are complexly intertwined to produce the unique flavor of soy sauce.
- Ethyl lactate is known as one of the aroma components in soy sauce (Non-patent document 1), but in soy sauce having a pH lower than 4.6, which is lower pH than conventional soy sauce, ethyl lactate enhances umami, sour taste and so on It has not been known at all until now that it has an acid odor suppression and a flavor improving effect.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a soy sauce having a pH of less than 4.6, which has suppressed sour taste and acid smell and improved aftertaste.
- soy sauce having a pH of less than 4.6 contains 20 ppm or more of ethyl lactate per 1 w / v% of total nitrogen concentration in soy sauce. It has been found that the acid smell is suppressed and the after taste is improved, and the present invention has been completed.
- the present invention includes the following inventions.
- concentration is 70 ppm or less.
- the low pH soy sauce of the present invention is a soy sauce having a pH of less than 4.6, the acidity and acid odor are suppressed, the after taste is improved, and the flavor is good.
- the low pH soy sauce of the present invention is characterized by having a pH of less than 4.6 and containing 20 ppm or more of ethyl lactate per 1 w / v% of the total nitrogen concentration of soy sauce.
- the pH of the low pH soy sauce of the present invention may be less than 4.6 which is effective for suppressing the growth of microorganisms, but from the viewpoint of flavor retention inherent to soy sauce, the lower limit is preferably greater than 4.2, 4 .4 or more is more preferable.
- the method of adjusting the pH is not particularly limited, for example, by controlling the fermentation of microorganisms during brewing, by adding a pH adjuster such as an acidulant, and the like. It can be carried out on a previous mash, a mash after squeezing and a squeezing filtrate after mashing and a mashed soy sauce.
- the acidulant is not particularly limited as long as it can be used for food, and examples thereof include organic acids such as lactic acid, citric acid, acetic acid, tartaric acid and malic acid, and inorganic acids such as phosphoric acid and hydrochloric acid. Lactic acid or acetic acid is preferred in that it has less influence on flavor and taste.
- these acidulants can also be used individually or in combination of 2 or more types.
- the concentration of ethyl lactate per 1 w / v% of the total nitrogen concentration in soy sauce may be 20 ppm or more, but suppression of acidity and acid odor, umami of soy sauce, especially aftertaste From the viewpoint of improving umami taste, 20 ppm to 70 ppm is preferable, 20 ppm to 50 ppm is more preferable, and 20 ppm to 30 ppm is more preferable.
- concentration of ethyl lactate per 1 w / v% of total nitrogen concentration in soy sauce is less than 20 ppm, the effect of suppressing acidity and acid odor and the effect of improving aftertaste can not be obtained, and if it exceeds 70 ppm, ethyl lactate Unusual smell off the nose is not desirable.
- the measurement of the concentration of ethyl lactate per 1 w / v% of the total nitrogen concentration of soy sauce may be carried out based on a standard method, and can be measured, for example, by gas chromatography.
- the adjustment method is not particularly limited as long as the concentration of ethyl lactate per 1 w / v% of the total nitrogen concentration of soy sauce is within the above range.
- it may be carried out by the control of fermentation or addition of commercially available ethyl lactate, and the addition is carried out, for example, moromi (moromi before ripening, moromi after prejuvenation, pressing before filtration), squeezed filtrate after moromi maturation, or It can be done for later soy sauce.
- soy sauce may be any soy sauce, and examples thereof include concentrated soy sauce, light-mouth soy sauce, tamari soy sauce, re-charged soy sauce, white soy sauce and the like.
- soy sauce includes soy sauce, ginger soy sauce, raw fried soy sauce, etc. during production.
- “Umami” improved in the low pH soy sauce of the present invention is a taste which is felt by a umami component such as glutamic acid, and after eating the food, an initial taste and an after taste which are sequentially felt as time passes. It is the taste of aftertaste among tastes.
- the taste and aftertaste are relative concepts, and the relationship with time can not always be clearly defined depending on the type of food and taste components, but in the present invention, the taste is from 0 to 2 seconds after eating , Aftertaste refers to the taste felt after 5 seconds after eating.
- the low pH soy sauce of the present invention has the following conventional methods for producing soy sauce except that the pH and ethyl lactate concentration are adjusted as described above, that is, the preparation process of soy sauce koji, soy sauce moromi mash preparation And a saline solution, fermentation / aging steps of soy sauce moromi mash, and pressing steps.
- soy sauce koji is prepared in the same manner as usual soy sauce brewing methods. Specifically, protein materials obtained by heat-denatured soybeans, defatted soybeans, wheat gluten, etc., and wheat (wheat, barley, naked barley, wheat), rice, etc. are obtained by heat-denatured Mixed with the selected starchy material, and after adjusting the water content of the mixture to 35-45 w / w%, inoculate this with Aspergillus soya (Aspergillus sojae) or Aspergillus oryzae (Aspergillus oryzae) The mixture is cultured at 20 to 40 ° C. for 3 to 4 days to prepare soy sauce koji (made in koji).
- the heat denaturation of wheat and barley is preferably performed by cracking and the heat denaturation of rice is preferably performed by steaming or cooking.
- the compounding ratio of the above-mentioned protein raw material and starchy raw material is usually 100: 0 to 0: 100 in weight ratio, and is not particularly limited.
- the compounding ratio of 30:70 to 70:30 is preferable, and 40:60 to 60:40 is more preferable.
- soy sauce moromi mash is obtained by mixing soy sauce koji with saline (this is called preparation).
- the saline mixed here is preferably in an amount such that the volume ratio to the volume (in terms of fresh seeds) of the plant seeds used for the preparation of the soy sauce koji is 100 to 300 v / v%.
- the saline used in the present invention is mixed with soy sauce koji and saline to form soy sauce moromi mash, and when this is squeezed, the salt concentration is preferably 13.0 to 20.0 w / v%, 14.0 to 18%. .0 w / v% is more preferable. Depending on the season, if the salt concentration is less than 13.0 w / v%, there is a risk that the soy sauce moromi will rot. On the other hand, if the concentration is higher than 20.0 w / v%, the growth of yeast is inhibited, which is not preferable.
- the final soy sauce moromi mash which has been fermented and matured, is compressed and filtered to adjust its salt concentration to make it a product.
- the sodium chloride concentration of soy sauce as the product of the present invention is 12.0 to 18.0 w / v %, Preferably 12.0 to 16.0 w / v%, because the effect of improving the aftertaste taste by ethyl lactate is excellent.
- soy sauce moromi mash is fermented and aged. Fermentation and ripening may be performed in one step or in two steps.
- the soy sauce koji this soy sauce koji is particularly referred to as "additional koji" in the first stage of the mash in the middle of the first stage fermentation / aging step, ie before the fermentation / aging is completely completed.
- soy sauce koji and saline solution this mixture of soy sauce koji and brine may be referred to as "additional taste" in particular
- additional taste is added to obtain a second stage mash, and further fermentation / aging to continue.
- lactic acid fermentation is also performed in addition to alcohol fermentation, as fermentation / aging of soy sauce moromi mash is performed.
- soy sauce brewing lactic acid fermentation is performed before or simultaneously with alcohol fermentation.
- lactic acid bacteria that can be used for lactic acid fermentation include salt-tolerant soy sauce lactic acid bacteria such as Tetragenococcus halophilus.
- lactic acid bacteria are added so that it becomes 1 ⁇ 10 3 to 1 ⁇ 10 7 / g moromi with respect to soy sauce moromi mash, and then the temperature of moromi mash is 15 to 35 ° C., pH is 4.6 to 5 .3 by holding for a sufficient time, for example, 30 to 60 days,
- the lactic acid fermentation is preferably performed until the lactic acid of 0.5 w / v% or more is produced in the soy sauce moromi mash.
- the soy sauce moromimi at the start of lactic acid fermentation is usually pH 5.8 to 6.2, but it is gradually dissolved (hydrolyzed), starting material elution and lactic acid fermentation are started, and the pH drops to 4.6 to 5.3. And a soy sauce moromi mash suitable for yeast growth.
- soy sauce yeast is added at any time, it is preferable to add soy sauce after completion of lactic acid fermentation, that is, when the pH of soy sauce moromi drops to 5.3 or less, in order to prevent premature boiling.
- the yeast used for alcohol fermentation in the present invention is preferably a salt-tolerant soy sauce yeast that can grow vigorously even in soy sauce moromi with a high salt concentration of 10 to 20 w / w%.
- -Candys such as yeasts of the genus Zygosaccharomyces such as Zygosaccharomyces bailli, Candida versatilus, Candida etchellisii, Candida tropicalis etc. (Candida) And yeasts of the genus).
- the yeast is preferably added to the soy sauce moromi mash in advance so as to have 1 ⁇ 10 3 to 1 ⁇ 10 7 per gram of moromi.
- it is a salt-tolerant soy sauce yeast (the yeast which is naturally mixed with soy sauce moromi from the air or from soy sauce koji, or a fermentor containing soy sauce moromi etc) without artificially adding yeast cultured beforehand. Wild type yeast) may be used.
- Alcohol fermentation is carried out for a sufficient time for the alcohol to become about 0.5 to 4 v / v%, preferably about 3 to 4 v / v%, at a temperature of 20 to 35 ° C. after adding yeast, for example. It is performed by holding for about 30 to 90 days.
- the ethyl alcohol concentration in the mash can be adjusted by the culture time.
- it is preferable to carry out fermentation / aging of the yeast under aerobic conditions such as intermittent or continuous aeration culture, agitation culture, aeration agitation culture, and the like.
- soy sauce moromi mash that has undergone alcohol fermentation is allowed to stand still, and the fermentation with yeast and lactic acid bacteria is continued, and then, usually, it is aged for several months, regardless of the degree of aging.
- the soy sauce is obtained by press-filtering the mature soy sauce moromi mash according to a conventional method.
- squeeze filtration mash is wrapped in filter cloth made of synthetic fiber such as nylon and pressurized, and mash is put in filter cloth stretched on filter plate and squeeze plate, and filter is pressed with compressed air etc.
- a conventionally known method such as a press method can be used.
- the obtained soy sauce is sterilized or sterilized. There is no limitation on the method of sterilization and sterilization, but generally, sterilization is carried out by heat treatment called "heating", origling (clearing treatment), and the product is put into a product for commercialization.
- the heating may be performed under heating conditions used in known soy sauce brewing, for example, at 80 to 85 ° C. for 20 to 60 minutes, or at 110 to 120 ° C. for 5 to 20 seconds.
- Ori pulling conventionally known methods such as membrane treatment, diatomaceous earth filtration, centrifugal separation, aggregation method, sedimentation method can be used.
- the low-pH soy sauce of the present invention may be used as it is, but it may be used as a liquid or as a paste, a solid or a powder by lyophilization, spray drying or drum drying by a conventional method. It can also be used as a soy sauce-containing seasoning by adding it to liquid seasonings such as noodle soup and sauces (such as grilled meat sauce), ponzu, sauces, dressings and soups.
- liquid seasonings such as noodle soup and sauces (such as grilled meat sauce), ponzu, sauces, dressings and soups.
- a commercially available ethyl lactate (manufactured by Tokyo Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd.) was added to the soy sauce of the test product 1-1 so that the total nitrogen concentration would be 30 ppm per 1 w / v%, to obtain the soy sauce of the test product 1-2.
- soy sauce of Test Sample 1-2 (the product of the present invention) had a strong aftertaste as compared with the soy sauce of Control Product 1 at pH 4.6 and the ethyl lactate concentration was not adjusted. From the above results, it is shown that by adding 30 ppm of ethyl lactate per 1 w / v% of total nitrogen concentration in soy sauce having a pH of less than 4.6, the aftertaste taste of soy sauce having a pH of less than 4.6 can be significantly improved.
- Example 2 Reduction effect of acidity by ethyl lactate
- concentrated soy sauce pH 4.8, ethyl lactate concentration 12 ppm, nitrogen concentration 16.0 w / v% per 1 w / v% total nitrogen concentration
- Acetic acid or lactic acid was added, pH 4.2 soy sauce (test products A-1 and C-1), pH 4.4 soy sauce (test products B-1 and D-1), pH 4.6 soy sauce (control product A) To D) were prepared respectively.
- test products A-1, test products A-2, 10 for control products A, test products B-1, test products B- 2; 7 for Control B, Test C-1, Test C-2, 8 for Control C, Test D-1, Test D 2 and 6 for Control D Performed a sensory test on "the strength of acidity".
- the inspection method was performed by the ranking method, and it was displayed as the sum of the rankings with three points, two points, and one point from the order of strong sourness.
- the score is "8 to 16" when there are six panelists, the score is “10 to 18” when there are seven panelists, and the score is “11 to 21" when there are eight panelists, and the panelists are 10
- a score of "15-25” was regarded as significantly different at a risk rate of 5%. The results are shown in Table 2.
- Test product A-1 (pH 4.2), test product B-1 (pH 4.4), test product C-1 (pH 4.2), test product D-1 (pH 4.) in which the pH was lowered by the addition of an acidulant.
- the soy sauce of 4) was found to be more sour than the soy sauces of the respective control products A to D.
- test sample B-2 containing 30 ppm of ethyl lactate per 1 w / v% of total nitrogen concentration at pH 4.4
- soy sauce of test product D-2 is the test without adjusting ethyl lactate concentration at the same pH 4.4
- the sourness intensity was significantly reduced compared to the soy sauces of the product B-1 and the test product D-1, respectively.
- test product B-2 and test product D-2 have reduced sourness intensity or are even compared to soy sauce oil of control product B and control product D which do not adjust the ethyl lactate concentration at pH 4.6 Met.
- test article A-2 containing 30 ppm of ethyl lactate per 1 w / v% of total nitrogen concentration at pH 4.2, and soy sauce of test product C-2 have the same pH 4.2, and test article A without adjusting ethyl lactate concentration. -1.
- the sourness was comparable to that of the soy sauce of the test product C-1, and the sourness reducing effect by the addition of ethyl lactate was not obtained.
- Example 3 Examination of ethyl lactate concentration (lower limit value) Commercial concentrated soy sauce (manufactured by Kikkoman Foods Co., Ltd., pH 4.8, ethyl lactate concentration per total nitrogen concentration 1 w / v% 12 ppm, salt concentration 16.0 w / v% Acetic acid was added to) to prepare a pH 4.5 soy sauce, which served as a control.
- test product is considerably stronger than the control product 2: The test product is stronger than the control product 1: The test product is slightly stronger than the control product 0: The test product is equivalent to the control product 1: The test product is Slightly weak compared to the control-2: test is weak compared to the control-3: test is considerably weak compared to the control
- ⁇ Evaluation criteria for flavor balance> 3 The test product is considerably better than the control product 2: The test product is better than the control product 1: The test product is slightly better than the control product 0: The test product is equivalent to the control product 1: The test product is comparable Slightly worse compared to control-2: Tested product is worse than control-3: Tested product is considerably worse than control
- the reduction effect of the "acid odor” was remarkable when the ethyl lactate concentration per 1 w / v% of total nitrogen concentration was 20 ppm and 30 ppm.
- the improvement effect of “tested taste” and “flavor balance” was observed for all the test products, but was remarkable at 30 ppm.
- Example 4 Examination of Concentration (Upper Limit) of Ethyl Lactate Commercially available concentrated soy sauce (manufactured by Kikkoman Foods Co., Ltd., pH 4.8, ethyl lactate concentration 12 ppm total nitrogen concentration 1 w / v%, salt concentration 16.0 w / v Acetic acid or lactic acid was added to%) to prepare a pH 4.5 soy sauce, which served as a control.
- a commercially available soy sauce of ethyl lactate (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) is used as a control so that the ethyl lactate concentration per 1 w / v% of total nitrogen concentration becomes the concentration shown in Table 4 (20 ppm, 30 ppm, 50 ppm, 70 ppm, 100 ppm).
- Table 4 (20 ppm, 30 ppm, 50 ppm, 70 ppm, 100 ppm).
- a sensory test was conducted by a trained 14 panelists having the ability to discriminate between the reference product and the test product soy sauce.
- the test method was carried out by a three-point identification method, and was evaluated for the "slippery smell" unique to the ethyl lactate of the test product as compared to the control product.
- the three-point identification method makes three samples one set (two for the control and one for the test), and checks whether it is possible to identify the test, and furthermore, the probability value and statistics of accidental occurrence According to the hypothesis test with the above 5% risk factor, it was examined whether there was a significant difference.
- the results are shown in Table 4. "Identification (number of people)" in Table 4 indicates the number of people who evaluated that "there is a smell coming off the nose" among the 14 panelists.
- the concentration of ethyl lactate per 1 w / v% of total nitrogen concentration exceeds 70 ppm, the majority of panelists are identified as having a distinctive nose-dropping smell of ethyl lactate, and the smell of soy sauce itself is impaired I understood it. From the above results, it was judged that the upper limit of the concentration of ethyl lactate per 1 w / v% of the total nitrogen concentration is 70 ppm, preferably 50 ppm.
- Example 5 Examination of the relationship between the improving effect of the taste of aftertaste of ethyl lactate and salt concentration
- Commercially available concentrated soy sauce (pH 4.8, manufactured by Kikkoman Foods Co., Ltd., ethyl lactate concentration 12 ppm per 1 w / v% total nitrogen concentration).
- a salt concentration of 16.0 w / v%) is desalted using an ion exchange membrane, then acetic acid is added to adjust the pH to 4.5, and sodium chloride is shown in Table 5 (8 w / v%) It adjusted to become 12 w / v%, 16 w / v%, 18 w / v%, 20 w / v%), and was set as the control item.
- soy sauce Commercially available ethyl lactate (made by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) is added to this reference product soy sauce so that the ethyl lactate concentration per 1 w / v% of total nitrogen concentration becomes 30 ppm, and the test for sensory tests with different salt concentrations.
- the soy sauce of the product was prepared.
- a sensory test was conducted by using six discriminative trained panelers on the soy sauce of the control and test articles. The test was evaluated for the "after taste" of the test product in comparison with a control product of the same salt concentration. Evaluation was based on the following criteria, and the average value was calculated. The results are shown in Table 5.
- test product is considerably stronger than the control product 2: The test product is stronger than the control product 1: The test product is slightly stronger than the control product 0: The test product is equivalent to the control product 1: The test product is Slightly weak compared to the control-2: test is weak compared to the control-3: test is considerably weak compared to the control
- the present invention can be used in the production field of soy sauce or soy sauce-containing seasonings.
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Abstract
Description
(1)醤油の全窒素濃度1w/v%あたりのエチルラクテート濃度が20ppm以上であり、かつpHが4.6未満である醤油。
(2)前記エチルラクテート濃度が70ppm以下である、(1)に記載の醤油。
(3)前記pHが4.2よりも大きい、(1)に記載の醤油。
(4)醤油の食塩濃度が12~18w/v%である、(1)に記載の醤油。
本願は、2014年10月14日に出願された日本国特許出願2014-210076号の優先権を主張するものであり、該特許出願の明細書に記載される内容を包含する。
本発明の低pH醤油は、pHが4.6未満であって、醤油の全窒素濃度1w/v%あたりエチルラクテートを20ppm以上含有することを特徴とする。本発明の低pH醤油のpHは、微生物の増殖抑制に有効なpH4.6未満であればよいが、醤油本来の風味保持の観点から、その下限は、4.2より大きいことが好ましく、4.4以上がより好ましい。本発明においてpHの調整方法は醸造中の微生物の発酵を制御することによる方法、酸味料などのpH調整剤の添加による方法等、特に限定されないが、例えば、酸味料の添加は、諸味(熟成前の諸味、熟成後圧搾濾過前の諸味)、諸味熟成後の圧搾濾過液、または製品後の醤油に対して行うことができる。酸味料としては、食品に使用できるものであれば特に制限されないが、例えば、乳酸、クエン酸、酢酸、酒石酸、リンゴ酸などの有機酸、リン酸、塩酸などの無機酸が挙げられ、呈味や風味への影響が少ない点において、乳酸または酢酸が好ましい。また、これらの酸味料は単独で又は2種以上を組み合わせて使用することもできる。
まず、通常の醤油の醸造法と同様に醤油麹を調製する。具体例を挙げれば、大豆、脱脂加工大豆、小麦グルテンなどを加熱変性して得られた蛋白質原料と、麦類(小麦、大麦、裸麦、はと麦)及び米類などを加熱変性して得られた澱粉質原料とを混和し、該混和物の水分を35~45w/w%に調整した後、これにアスペルギルス・ソーヤ(Aspergillus sojae)、アスペルギルス・オリーゼ(Aspergillus oryzae)などの種麹菌を接種し、20~40℃で3~4日間培養して醤油麹を調製する(製麹)。麦類の加熱変性は炒熬割砕によって行うことが好ましく、米類の加熱変性は蒸煮または炊飯によって行うことが好ましい。
次に醤油諸味を調製する。醤油諸味は醤油麹と食塩水とを混和する(これを、仕込みという)ことによって得られる。ここで混和する食塩水は、前記醤油麹の調製に用いられた植物種子の容積(生種子換算)に対する容積比が100~300v/v%となる量であることが好ましい。
次に、得られた醤油諸味を発酵・熟成させる。発酵・熟成は、1段階で行っても2段階で行ってよい。2段階で行う場合は、第1段発酵・熟成工程の途中で、すなわち発酵・熟成が完全に終了する前に、第1段諸味に、醤油麹(この醤油麹を特に「追加麹」と称することがある)あるいは醤油麹及び食塩水の混合物(この醤油麹と食塩水との混合物を特に「追加諸味」と称することがある)を添加し、第2段諸味を得、さらに発酵・熟成を続ける。
醤油は、熟成した醤油諸味を常法により圧搾濾過して得られる。圧搾濾過は、ナイロンなどの合成繊維でできた濾布で諸味を包み、加圧する厚揚げ方式や、濾過板と圧搾板に張った濾布の中に諸味を入れ、圧縮空気等で加圧するフィルタープレス方式等の従来公知の方法を用いることができる。得られた醤油は殺菌または除菌処理される。殺菌、除菌の方法は問わないが、一般的に殺菌は「火入れ」と呼ばれる加熱処理を行ない、オリ引き(清澄処理)し、容器に充填して製品化する。火入れは公知の醤油醸造で用いられている加熱条件で行えばよく、例えば、80~85℃で20~60分間、または110~120℃で5~20秒間行う。オリ引き(清澄処理)の方法は、膜処理、珪藻土ろ過、遠心分離、凝集法、沈降法など従来公知の方法を用いることができる。
以下の実施例において、試料中のエチルラクテート濃度の測定は、しょうゆ試験法(財団法人、日本醤油研究所編、1985年3月1日発行、p177~179)の「5-5香気成分のガスクロマトグラフィーによる定量法」に従って分析した。
市販の濃口醤油(キッコーマン食品社製、pH4.8、全窒素濃度1w/v%あたりのエチルラクテート濃度12ppm、食塩濃度16.0w/v%)に酢酸を添加してpH4.6の醤油(対照品)、pH4.5の醤油(試験品1-1)をそれぞれ調製した。試験品1-1の醤油に全窒素濃度1w/v%あたり30ppmとなるように市販エチルラクテート(東京化成工業社製)を添加し、試験品1-2の醤油を得た。
市販の濃口醤油(キッコーマン食品社製、pH4.8、全窒素濃度1w/v%あたりのエチルラクテート濃度12ppm、食塩濃度16.0w/v%)に酢酸または乳酸を添加し、pH4.2の醤油(試験品A-1、C-1)、pH4.4の醤油(試験品B-1、D-1)、pH4.6の醤油(対照品A~D)をそれぞれ調製した。このうち試験品A-1、B-1、C-1、D-1の醤油に全窒素濃度1w/v%あたり30ppmとなるように市販エチルラクテート(東京化成工業社製)をそれぞれ添加し、試験品A-2、B-2、C-2、D-2の醤油を得た。また、対照品A~D(pH4.6)は、エチルラクテートは添加せず、それぞれ同じ記号の試験品の対照として用いる。これらの試験品及び対照品の醤油について、識別能力を有する訓練されたパネラー(試験品A-1、試験品A-2、対照品Aについては10名、試験品B-1、試験品B-2、対照品Bについては7名、試験品C-1、試験品C-2、対照品Cについては8名、試験品D-1、試験品D-2、対照品Dについては6名)によって「酸味の強さ」に関する官能検査を行った。検査方法は、順位法によって行ない、酸味の強い順番から3点、2点、1点と配点し、その順位和で表示した。なお、パネラーが6名の場合はスコアが「8~16」、パネラーが7名の場合はスコアが「10~18」、パネラーが8名の場合はスコアが「11~21」、パネラーが10名の場合はスコアが「15~25」を、5%の危険率で有意差ありとした。結果を表2に示す。
市販の濃口醤油(キッコーマン食品社製、pH4.8、全窒素濃度1w/v%あたりのエチルラクテート濃度12ppm、食塩濃度16.0w/v%)に酢酸を添加してpH4.5の醤油を調製し、対照品とした。市販のエチルラクテート(東京化成工業社製)を、全窒素濃度1w/v%あたりのエチルラクテート濃度が表3に示す濃度(20ppm、30ppm、40ppm、50ppm)になるように対照品の醤油に添加してエチルラクテート濃度の異なる官能検査用の試験品の醤油を調製した。
3:試験品が対照品と比べてかなり強い
2:試験品が対照品と比べて強い
1:試験品が対照品と比べてやや強い
0:試験品が対照品と同等
-1:試験品が対照品と比べてやや弱い
-2:試験品が対照品と比べて弱い
-3:試験品が対照品と比べてかなり弱い
3:試験品が対照品と比べてかなり良い
2:試験品が対照品と比べて良い
1:試験品が対照品と比べてやや良い
0:試験品が対照品と同等
-1:試験品が対照品と比べてやや悪い
-2:試験品が対照品と比べて悪い
-3:試験品が対照品と比べてかなり悪い
市販の濃口醤油(キッコーマン食品社製、pH4.8、全窒素濃度1w/v%あたりのエチルラクテート濃度12ppm、食塩濃度16.0w/v%)に酢酸または乳酸を添加してpH4.5の醤油を調製し、対照品とした。市販のエチルラクテート(東京化成工業社製)を、全窒素濃度1w/v%あたりのエチルラクテート濃度が表4に示す濃度(20ppm、30ppm、50ppm、70ppm、100ppm)になるように対照品の醤油に添加してエチルラクテート濃度の異なる官能検査用の試験品の醤油を調製した。
市販の濃口醤油(キッコーマン食品社製、pH4.8、全窒素濃度1w/v%あたりのエチルラクテート濃度12ppm、食塩濃度16.0w/v%)をイオン交換膜を用いて脱塩処理した後、酢酸を添加してpH4.5に調整し、さらに、塩化ナトリウムを表5に示す濃度(8w/v%、12w/v%、16w/v%、18w/v%、20w/v%)になるように調整して対照品とした。この対照品の醤油に、市販のエチルラクテート(東京化成工業社製)を、全窒素濃度1w/v%あたりのエチルラクテート濃度が30ppmになるように添加して食塩濃度の異なる官能検査用の試験品の醤油を調製した。
3:試験品が対照品と比べてかなり強い
2:試験品が対照品と比べて強い
1:試験品が対照品と比べてやや強い
0:試験品が対照品と同等
-1:試験品が対照品と比べてやや弱い
-2:試験品が対照品と比べて弱い
-3:試験品が対照品と比べてかなり弱い
Claims (4)
- 醤油の全窒素濃度1w/v%あたりのエチルラクテート濃度が20ppm以上であり、かつpHが4.6未満である醤油。
- 前記エチルラクテート濃度が70ppm以下である、請求項1に記載の醤油。
- 前記pHが4.2よりも大きい、請求項1に記載の醤油。
- 醤油の食塩濃度が12~18w/v%である、請求項1に記載の醤油。
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JP7496915B1 (ja) | 2023-05-10 | 2024-06-07 | キユーピー株式会社 | 乳化液状調味料 |
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JPS53118596A (en) * | 1977-03-28 | 1978-10-17 | Kikkoman Corp | Method for keeping soy or miso from getting moldy |
JPS53118597A (en) * | 1977-03-28 | 1978-10-17 | Kikkoman Corp | Method for keeping soy or miso from getting moldy |
JPH0731412A (ja) * | 1993-07-22 | 1995-02-03 | Yamasa Shoyu Co Ltd | 低リン醤油の製造法 |
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JP7496914B1 (ja) | 2023-05-10 | 2024-06-07 | キユーピー株式会社 | 酸性液状調味料、並びに、酸性液状調味料の酸化防止方法、酸化防止剤、酸味低減方法、及び酸味低減剤 |
JP7496915B1 (ja) | 2023-05-10 | 2024-06-07 | キユーピー株式会社 | 乳化液状調味料 |
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