WO2009113546A1 - 変性共役ジエン(共)重合体の製造方法、変性共役ジエン(共)重合体、並びにそれを用いたゴム組成物及びタイヤ - Google Patents
変性共役ジエン(共)重合体の製造方法、変性共役ジエン(共)重合体、並びにそれを用いたゴム組成物及びタイヤ Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C1/00—Tyres characterised by the chemical composition or the physical arrangement or mixture of the composition
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08C—TREATMENT OR CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF RUBBERS
- C08C19/00—Chemical modification of rubber
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08C—TREATMENT OR CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF RUBBERS
- C08C19/00—Chemical modification of rubber
- C08C19/30—Addition of a reagent which reacts with a hetero atom or a group containing hetero atoms of the macromolecule
- C08C19/42—Addition of a reagent which reacts with a hetero atom or a group containing hetero atoms of the macromolecule reacting with metals or metal-containing groups
- C08C19/44—Addition of a reagent which reacts with a hetero atom or a group containing hetero atoms of the macromolecule reacting with metals or metal-containing groups of polymers containing metal atoms exclusively at one or both ends of the skeleton
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
- C08F8/42—Introducing metal atoms or metal-containing groups
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/02—Elements
- C08K3/04—Carbon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/34—Silicon-containing compounds
- C08K3/36—Silica
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L15/00—Compositions of rubber derivatives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L21/00—Compositions of unspecified rubbers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L7/00—Compositions of natural rubber
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L9/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of conjugated diene hydrocarbons
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08C—TREATMENT OR CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF RUBBERS
- C08C19/00—Chemical modification of rubber
- C08C19/22—Incorporating nitrogen atoms into the molecule
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08C—TREATMENT OR CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF RUBBERS
- C08C19/00—Chemical modification of rubber
- C08C19/25—Incorporating silicon atoms into the molecule
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/01—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients characterized by their specific function
- C08K3/013—Fillers, pigments or reinforcing additives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/0091—Complexes with metal-heteroatom-bonds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/05—Alcohols; Metal alcoholates
- C08K5/057—Metal alcoholates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/09—Carboxylic acids; Metal salts thereof; Anhydrides thereof
- C08K5/098—Metal salts of carboxylic acids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/54—Silicon-containing compounds
- C08K5/541—Silicon-containing compounds containing oxygen
- C08K5/5415—Silicon-containing compounds containing oxygen containing at least one Si—O bond
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T152/00—Resilient tires and wheels
- Y10T152/10—Tires, resilient
- Y10T152/10495—Pneumatic tire or inner tube
- Y10T152/10819—Characterized by the structure of the bead portion of the tire
- Y10T152/10846—Bead characterized by the chemical composition and or physical properties of elastomers or the like
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a modified conjugated diene (co) polymer, its modified conjugated diene (co) polymer, a rubber composition using the same, and a tire using the rubber composition.
- VOC volatile organic compounds
- Patent Document 3 discloses that a rubber component containing a conjugated diene polymer having a primary amino group and an alkoxysilyl group, and N 2 SA of 30 to 100 m 2 / g. A rubber composition containing carbon black is disclosed.
- the alkoxysilyl group remains in the polymer, there is a concern that it may be released into the atmosphere as an alcohol component at the time of blending the polymer, resulting in the above problem.
- a side reinforcing layer made of a rubber composition alone or a composite of a rubber composition and a fiber is disposed in order to improve the rigidity of the sidewall portion (for example, Patent Documents). 4).
- internal pressure the internal pressure of the tire
- the deformation of the tire sidewall and bead filler increases, and heat generation proceeds. In some cases, the temperature reaches 200 ° C or higher.
- the side reinforcing layer and the bead filler exceed the fracture limit, leading to a tire failure.
- the rubber composition used for the side reinforcing layer and the bead filler is highly compounded with sulfur, and the rubber composition is made highly elastic so that the tire sidewall portion and
- Patent Document 5 proposes that a rubber composition containing various modified conjugated diene-aromatic vinyl copolymers and a heat resistance improver is used for the side reinforcing layer and the bead filler.
- Patent Document 6 proposes that a rubber composition containing a specific conjugated diene polymer and a phenol resin is used for the side reinforcing layer and the bead filler. These are intended to increase the elastic modulus of the rubber composition used for the side reinforcing layer and bead filler, and to suppress a decrease in the elastic modulus at high temperatures. However, the rolling resistance during normal running is significantly deteriorated. Accordingly, there is a need for a rubber composition excellent in low heat generation suitable for side reinforcing layers and bead fillers, which can simultaneously improve durability during run-flat running and rolling resistance during normal running.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a modified conjugated diene (co) polymer that is excellent in low exothermic property and does not generate a volatile organic compound (VOC) under such circumstances, and a method for producing the same.
- a rubber composition using a conjugated diene (co) polymer and a tire using the rubber composition particularly a tire capable of simultaneously improving durability during run-flat running and rolling resistance during normal running. With the goal.
- the present inventors have made it possible to volatilize by providing a specific hydrolysis step, preferably further a condensation reaction step, in the reaction step of the modified conjugated diene (co) polymer. It is found that a modified conjugated diene (co) polymer that does not generate a volatile organic compound (VOC) can be produced, and a rubber composition containing the modified conjugated diene (co) polymer is used for a tire member. It has been found that a tire having the following performance can be obtained. The present invention has been completed based on such findings.
- the present invention 1.
- an addition or substitution reaction to the active site in the vicinity of the characteristic group that produces a silanol group by hydrolysis at the active site of the conjugated diene (co) polymer having an active site, and (i) the active group A functional group that binds the organosilane compound and the conjugated diene (co) polymer and promotes the reaction between the silanol group and the reinforcing filler after the reaction; or (ii) the silanol group and the reinforcing filler;
- a method for producing a modified conjugated diene (co) polymer comprising: a modification reaction step of reacting an organosilane compound having a functional group that promotes the reaction; and a hydrolysis step performed after completion of the modification reaction step; 2.
- R 1 is a single bond or a divalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms;
- R 2 and R 3 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms;
- 1 is a hydrolyzable functional group that forms a silanol group with Si by hydrolysis;
- a 1 binds the organosilane compound and the conjugated diene (co) polymer by performing an addition or substitution reaction on the active site.
- m is an integer of 1 to 10.
- R 4 represents a single bond or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; hydrocarbon group for R 5 and R 6 are each independently a single bond, a hydrogen atom or a C 1-20; -OL 2 is hydro Hydrolyzable functional group that forms a silanol group with Si by decomposition; A 2 is a functional group that reacts with the active site, or the organosilane compound and the conjugated diene (co) by performing an addition or substitution reaction on the active site A functional group that binds to the polymer; B and D are groups each independently containing at least one functional group that promotes the reaction between the silanol group and the reinforcing filler; p and q are each independently 0 Is an integer of -5, (p + q) is 1 or more, and n is an integer of 1-10]
- Modified conjugated having a silanol group and a functional group in the vicinity of the silanol group at the molecular end of the conjugated diene (co) polymer, which promotes the reaction between the silanol group and the reinforcing filler Diene (co) polymer, 5).
- R 1 is a single bond or a divalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms
- R 2 and R 3 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms
- a 3 Is a functional group that promotes the reaction between the silanol group and the reinforcing filler, and m is an integer of 1 to 10.
- R 4 is a single bond or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms;
- R 5 and R 6 are each independently a single bond, a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms;
- a 4 is a single bond;
- B and D are each independently a functional group that promotes the reaction between the silanol group and the reinforcing filler.
- a group containing at least one; p and q are each independently an integer of 0 to 5, (p + q) is 1 or more, and n is an integer of 1 to 10]. 6).
- a rubber composition comprising the modified conjugated diene (co) polymer of 4 or 5 above, 7). 10 to 200 parts by mass of a reinforcing filler is contained with respect to 100 parts by mass of the rubber component comprising 10 to 100% by mass of the modified conjugated diene (co) polymer 4 or 5 and 90 to 0% by mass of a diene rubber. Rubber composition, 8). A pneumatic tire using the rubber composition of 6 or 7 above, 9.
- the nitrogen adsorption specific surface area (N 2 SA) is 20 to 100 m 2 / g with respect to 100 parts by mass of the rubber component containing the modified conjugated diene (co) polymer of 4 or 5 above.
- the modified conjugated diene (co) polymer is represented by a modified conjugated diene polymer (a-1) having a structure represented by the following general formula (11) and / or the following general formula (12):
- R 21 represents a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms
- R 22 represents an alkylene group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
- R 23 is a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms
- R 24 is an alkylene group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms
- R 25 is a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a hydrocarbyl carboxyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, An —OH group or a 1,3-dicarbonyl-containing group having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, and a plurality of R 25 may be the same or different
- M represents Ti, Sn, Al, Si, or Bi
- k is ⁇ (valence of M) ⁇ 2 ⁇
- n is 0 or 1.
- a modified conjugated diene (co) polymer has a hydrocarbyloxy group and a reactive group directly bonded to a silicon atom at the active end of a conjugated diene polymer having an active end. And by modifying a compound containing a bifunctional silicon atom in which one protected primary amino group is bonded to the silicon atom via an alkylene group, a hydrolysis reaction and a deprotection reaction are performed.
- R 21 represents a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms
- R 22 represents an alkylene group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
- the modified conjugated diene (co) polymer is a silicon atom in which one hydrocarbyloxy group and one reactive group are directly attached to the active terminal of the conjugated diene polymer having an active terminal (a).
- a step of modifying by reacting a compound containing a bifunctional silicon atom in which one protected primary amino group is bonded to the silicon atom via an alkylene group (b) A step of performing a condensation reaction involving the compound containing a bifunctional silicon atom in the presence of at least one condensation accelerator selected from titanium, tin, aluminum, silicon, zirconium and bismuth.
- the rubber composition as described in 9 above which is a modified conjugated diene polymer (a-2) represented by the following general formula (12) obtained by performing a hydrolysis reaction and a deprotection step: object,
- R 23 is a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms
- R 24 is an alkylene group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms
- R 25 is a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a hydrocarbyl carboxyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, An —OH group or a 1,3-dicarbonyl-containing group having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, and a plurality of R 25 may be the same or different
- M represents Ti, Sn, Al, Si, or Bi
- k is ⁇ (valence of M) ⁇ 2 ⁇
- n is 0 or 1.
- a tire comprising the rubber composition according to any one of 9 to 12, 14
- a tire comprising a bead core, a carcass layer, a tread rubber layer, an inner liner, a side reinforcing layer, and a bead filler, wherein the side reinforcing layer and / or the bead filler has the modified conjugated diene (co) weight of 4 or 5 above.
- a tire using a rubber composition comprising 10 to 100 parts by mass of carbon black having a nitrogen adsorption specific surface area of 20 to 90 m 2 / g, based on 100 parts by mass of a rubber component containing 10% by mass or more of a coalescence; 15.
- the modified conjugated diene (co) polymer is modified at the terminal by a modification reaction between the terminal of the conjugated diene polymer and an alkoxysilane compound having a primary amino group or a precursor capable of generating a primary amino group by hydrolysis.
- Modified conjugated diene system obtained by introducing a monoamino group or a precursor capable of generating a primary amino group by hydrolysis, and further adding a condensation accelerator to the modification reaction system during and / or after the modification reaction 14 tires described above which are polymers; 16.
- VOC volatile organic compounds
- the method for producing a modified conjugated diene (co) polymer of the present invention comprises a characteristic group that generates a silanol group by hydrolysis at the active site of a conjugated diene (co) polymer having an active site, and the vicinity of the characteristic group (I)
- the organic silane compound and the conjugated diene (co) polymer are bonded by performing an addition or substitution reaction on the active site, and the reaction between the silanol group and the reinforcing filler is promoted after the reaction.
- a modification reaction step of reacting an organosilane compound having a functional group or (ii) a functional group that promotes the reaction between the silanol group and the reinforcing filler, and a hydrolysis step applied after the end of the modification reaction step Preferably, the method further comprises a condensation reaction step of performing a condensation reaction in the presence of a condensation accelerator.
- a silanol group is imparted to the molecular chain terminal of the modified conjugated diene (co) polymer of the present invention.
- the characteristic group that generates a silanol group by hydrolysis is an alkoxysilane group, and 10% or more of the characteristic group generates a silanol group by hydrolysis. From the point of view, it is preferable.
- the conjugated diene (co) polymer includes a conjugated diene polymer and a conjugated diene copolymer.
- the characteristic group that generates a silanol group by hydrolysis needs to become a silanol group by reaction when reacting with a reinforcing filler, particularly silica, but if it is a silanol group from the beginning, the reactivity with silica is more This increases the dispersibility of the silica in the rubber composition, and has the great effect of improving the low heat build-up of the rubber composition. Furthermore, when the characteristic group that generates a silanol group by hydrolysis is an alkoxy group, a volatile organic compound (VOC, particularly alcohol) is generated, but a silanol group is not generated.
- VOC volatile organic compound
- “in a certain organic silane compound, a certain functional group is present in the vicinity of a characteristic group that generates a silanol group” means that in the organic silane compound, the functional group is the characteristic group.
- the functional group is the characteristic group.
- To 5 (which may be through a silicon atom).
- “Nearby” in the case of “silanol group and functional group in the vicinity of the silanol group” has the same meaning as above.
- an organosilane compound and the conjugated diene (co) polymer are bonded by performing an addition or substitution reaction on the active site in the vicinity of the characteristic group that generates a silanol group by the hydrolysis.
- an organosilane compound having a functional group that promotes the reaction between the silanol group and the reinforcing filler after the reaction or (ii) a functional group that promotes the reaction between the silanol group and the reinforcing filler is preferable.
- R 1 is a single bond or a divalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms
- R 2 and R 3 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms
- —OL 1 Is a hydrolyzable functional group that forms a silanol group with Si by hydrolysis
- a 1 binds the organosilane compound and the conjugated diene (co) polymer by performing an addition or substitution reaction on the active site;
- “R 1 is a single bond” means, for example, that A 1 and Si are directly bonded by a single bond in the general formula (1).
- R 4 , R 5 , R 6 and A 4 the same applies to R 4 , R 5 , R 6 and A 4 .
- R 4 represents a single bond or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms
- hydrocarbon group for R 5 and R 6 are each independently a single bond, a hydrogen atom or a C 1-20
- -OL 2 represents a hydrolyzable A hydrolyzable functional group that forms a silanol group with Si by A
- a 2 is a functional group that reacts with the active site, or an addition or substitution reaction on the active site, whereby the organosilane compound and the conjugated diene (co) weight B and D are groups each independently containing at least one functional group that promotes the reaction between the silanol group and the reinforcing filler
- p and q are each independently 0 to It is an integer of 5, (p + q) is 1 or more, and n is an integer of 1 to 10.
- an alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms for example, an alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a phenoxy group, a benzyloxy group, —OM (1 / x), and the like are preferable. Can be mentioned. An alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms is more preferable, and an alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms is particularly preferable. Specific examples of the alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, an isopropoxy group, an n-butoxy group, and a tert-butoxy group.
- M is a group 1 element excluding hydrogen (ie, alkali metal); a group 2-12 element; a group 13 element excluding boron; a group excluding carbon and silicon.
- Group 14 element a metal atom selected from Group 15 elements and rare earth elements excluding nitrogen, phosphorus and arsenic, and x is the valence of the metal atom.
- Group 2 elements are Be, Mg and alkaline earth metals. Among these metal atoms, alkali metals, Mg, alkaline earth metals, Sn, Al, Ti, and Fe are more preferable, and Li, Na, K, Mg, Ca, Ba, Sn, Al, Ti, and Fe are particularly preferable. .
- the organosilane compound and the conjugated diene (co) polymer are bonded by performing an addition or substitution reaction on the active site, and after the reaction, the silanol group and the reinforcing filling
- the functional group A 1 that promotes the reaction with the material include (thio) epoxy group (including glycidoxy group), (thio) isocyanate group, nitrile group (cyano group), pyridyl group, N-alkylpyrrolidonyl Group, N-alkylimidazolyl group, N-alkylpyrazolyl group, (thio) ketone group, (thio) aldehyde group, imine residue, amide group, ketimine group, isocyanuric acid triester residue, Thio) carboxylic acid hydrocarbyl ester residue, residue of (thio) carboxylic acid metal salt having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, carboxylic acid anhydride having 1 to 20 carbon atoms Residues
- the halogen of the carboxylic acid halide residue having 1 to 20 carbon atoms is preferably chlorine, bromine or fluorine.
- a maleic anhydride residue, a phthalic anhydride residue, an acetic anhydride residue and the like are preferable. These are groups that bind to the active site of the conjugated diene (co) polymer and also promote the reaction with silica.
- a functional group that reacts with the active site or a functional group A 2 that binds the organosilane compound and the conjugated diene (co) polymer by performing an addition or substitution reaction on the active site As the following formula (2-a) -R d SiX 3 (2-a) [Wherein R d represents a single bond, a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or —OR e (R e is a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms); X represents a halogen atom or an alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and a plurality of X may be the same or different. Or a (thio) epoxy group, (thio) isocyanate group, nitrile group, imidazolyl group, ketimine group, (thio) ketone group or protected primary or secondary amino group Can do.
- the functional group A 2 which reacts with the active site of the conjugated diene (co) polymer in the method for producing a modified conjugated diene (co) polymer of the present invention the functional group A 2 which may be the active site chemically react Suitable examples include an alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a phenoxy group, a benzyloxy group, and a halogen group. An alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms is more preferable, and an alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms is particularly preferable.
- alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propyloxy group, an isopropyloxy group, an n-butoxy group, and a tert-butoxy group.
- halogen chlorine, bromine or fluorine is preferable.
- the groups B and D containing at least one functional group that promotes the reaction between the silanol group and the reinforcing filler each independently, for example, a primary amino group, a second amino group, Amino group, protected primary or secondary amino group, tertiary amino group, cyclic amino group, oxazolyl group, imidazolyl group, aziridinyl group, (thio) ketone group, (thio) aldehyde group, amide group, (thio) Epoxy group (including glycidoxy group), (thio) isocyanate group, nitrile group (cyano group), pyridyl group, N-alkylpyrrolidonyl group, N-alkylimidazolyl group, N-alkylpyrazolyl group, imino group, amide group , Ketimine group, imine residue, isocyanuric acid triester residue, (thio) carboxylic acid hydrocarbyl ester residue
- E is an imino group, a divalent imine residue, a divalent pyridine residue or a divalent amide residue
- F is an alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a phenylene group or an aralkylene having 8 to 20 carbon atoms
- Group G is primary amino group, secondary amino group, protected primary or secondary amino group, tertiary amino group, cyclic amino group, oxazolyl group, imidazolyl group, aziridinyl group, ketimine group, nitrile group (cyano Group), an amide group, a pyridine group or a (thio) isocyanate group.
- the functional group represented by the general formula -EFFG include -NH-C 2 H 4 -NH 2 , -NH-C 2 H 4 -N (CH 3 ) 2 , and these Examples thereof include a functional group in which —C 2 H 4 — is replaced with —C 6 H 12 — or a phenylene group.
- the silicon-containing group in which a halogen atom or an alkoxy group is bonded to a silicon atom, and the —R d SiX 3 group represented by the formula (2-a) are the activity of the conjugated diene (co) polymer.
- (thio) epoxy group, (thio) isocyanate group, nitrile group, imidazolyl group, ketimine group, (thio) ketone group or protected primary or secondary amino group is silica It is a group that promotes the reaction.
- the reinforcing filler particularly the hydroxy group on the silica surface, the silanol group, and the silanol group react with the reinforcing filler. It can be considered that a stable structure is formed by the three atoms (oxygen atom, sulfur atom or nitrogen atom) having unpaired electrons in the functional group to be promoted, and the reactivity of the silanol group to silica is improved. Thereby, the low exothermic property of the rubber composition of the present invention using the modified conjugated diene (co) polymer of the present invention is improved.
- a hydrocarbon having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which is R 5 when R 1 , R 4 , p is 1 or R 6 when q is 1 in the above general formula (1) and (2)
- Specific examples of the group include methylene group, ethylene group, propane-1,3-diyl group, butane-1,3-diyl group, butane-1,4-diyl group, pentane-1,3-diyl group, pentane.
- octane-1,8- Examples thereof include a diyl group, a nonane-1,9-diyl group, a decane-1,10-diyl group, a cyclopentane-1,3-diyl group, and a cyclohexane-1,4-diyl group.
- the propane-1,3-diyl group is particularly preferred.
- R 5 when p is 0 and R 6 when q is 0 are a hydrogen atom or a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms in the same manner as R 2 and R 3 . That is, the valence of R 5 is (p + 1), and the valence of R 6 is (q + 1).
- R 2, R 3, p is 1 to 20 carbon atoms which is R 6 when it is R 5 or q is 0 when it is 0
- the monovalent hydrocarbon group include methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, sec-butyl group, tert-butyl group, n-pentyl group, n-hexyl group, n -Heptyl group, n-octyl group, stearyl group and the like.
- a methyl group or an ethyl group is particularly preferable.
- organosilane compound represented by the above general formula (1) examples include (2-glycidoxyethyl) dimethylmethoxysilane, (2-glycidoxyethyl) diethylmethoxy as (thio) epoxy group-containing silane compounds.
- Silane (2-glycidoxyethyl) dimethylethoxysilane, (2-glycidoxyethyl) diethylethoxysilane, (3-glycidoxypropyl) dimethylmethoxysilane, (3-glycidoxypropyl) diethylmethoxysilane, (3-glycidoxypropyl) dimethylethoxysilane, (3-glycidoxypropyl) diethylethoxysilane, 2- (3,4-epoxycyclohexyl) ethyl (dimethyl) methoxysilane, 2- (3,4-epoxycyclohexyl) ) Ethyl (diethyl) methoxysilane, 2- 3,4-epoxycyclohexyl) ethyl (dimethyl) ethoxysilane, an epoxy group in the 2- (3,4-epoxycyclohexyl) ethyl (diethyl) eth
- (3-glycidoxypropyl) dimethylmethoxysilane (3-glycidoxypropyl) diethylmethoxysilane
- 2- (3,4-epoxycyclohexyl) ethyl (dimethyl) methoxysilane and 2- ( 3,4-epoxycyclohexyl) ethyl (diethyl) methoxysilane is preferred.
- organic silane compound represented by the general formula (1) is N- (1,3-dimethylbutylidene) -3- (dimethylethoxysilyl)- 1-propanamine, N- (1,3-dimethylbutylidene) -3- (diethylethoxysilyl) -1-propanamine, N- (1-methylethylidene) -3- (dimethylethoxysilyl) -1-propane Amines, N- (1-methylethylidene) -3- (diethylethoxysilyl) -1-propanamine, N-ethylidene-3- (dimethylethoxysilyl) -1-propanamine, N-ethylidene-3- (diethylethoxy) Silyl) -1-propanamine, N- (1-methylpropylidene) -3- (dimethylethoxysilyl) -1-propan N- (1-methylpropylidene) -3- (di
- organosilane compound represented by the general formula (1) as an imino (amidine) group-containing compound, 1- [3- (dimethylethoxysilyl) propyl] -4,5-dihydroimidazole, -[3- (diethylethoxysilyl) propyl] -4,5-dihydroimidazole, 1- [3- (dimethylmethoxysilyl) propyl] -4,5-dihydroimidazole, 1- [3- (diethylmethoxysilyl) propyl ] -4,5-dihydroimidazole, 3- [10- (dimethylethoxysilyl) decyl] -4-oxazoline, 3- [10- (diethylethoxysilyl) decyl] -4-oxazoline, 3- (1-hexamethylene Imino) propyl (dimethylethoxy) silane, 3- (1-hexamethyleneimino
- organic silane compound represented by the general formula (1) as the carboxylic acid ester group-containing compound, (3-methacryloyloxypropyl) dimethylethoxysilane, (3-methacryloyloxypropyl) Diethylethoxysilane, (3-methacryloyloxypropyl) dimethylmethoxysilane, (3-methacryloyloxypropyl) diethylmethoxysilane, (3-methacryloyloxypropyl) dimethylisopropoxysilane, (3-methacryloyloxypropyl) diethyl Examples thereof include isopropoxysilane, and among these, (3-methacryloyloxypropyl) dimethylmethoxysilane and (3-methacryloyloxypropyl) diethylmethoxysilane are preferable.
- organic silane compound represented by the general formula (1) as the isocyanate group-containing compound, (3-isocyanatopropyl) dimethylmethoxysilane, (3-isocyanatopropyl) diethylmethoxysilane, (3-isocyanatopropyl) dimethylethoxysilane, (3-isocyanatopropyl) diethylethoxysilane, (3-isocyanatopropyl) dimethylisopropoxysilane, (3-isocyanatopropyl) diethylisopropoxysilane, etc.
- (3-isocyanatopropyl) dimethylethoxysilane and (3-isocyanatopropyl) diethylethoxysilane are preferred.
- organic silane compound represented by the above general formula (1) includes 3- (dimethylethoxy) silylpropylsuccinic anhydride, 3- (diethylethoxy) silyl as a carboxylic acid anhydride-containing compound.
- 3- (dimethylethoxy) silyl is preferable.
- Propyl succinic anhydride and 3- (diethylethoxy) silylpropyl succinic anhydride is preferable.
- organosilane compound represented by the general formula (2) examples include trialkylsilyl groups in which a protecting group is represented by —SiR a R b R c (wherein R a , R b and R c are each independently a carbon number). And a hydrocarbyloxysilane compound having a protected primary amino group, which is an alkyl group having 1 to 12 alkyl groups, preferably a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a propyl group or a butyl group.
- hydrocarbyloxysilane compound having a protected primary amino group examples include N, N-bis (trimethylsilyl) aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane, N, N-bis (trimethylsilyl) aminopropylmethyldiethoxysilane, N Preferred examples include N, N-bis (trimethylsilyl) aminoethylmethyldimethoxysilane, N, N-bis (trimethylsilyl) aminoethylmethyldiethoxysilane, and the like. Among these, N, N-bis (trimethylsilyl) aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane or N, N-bis (trimethylsilyl) aminopropylmethyldiethoxysilane is particularly preferable.
- organosilane compound represented by the general formula (2) a trialkylsilyl group (R a , R b and R c are the same as above) in which the protecting group is represented by —SiR a R b R c And a hydrocarbyloxysilane compound having a protected secondary amino group.
- hydrocarbyloxysilane compound having a protected secondary amino group examples include N, N-methyl (trimethylsilyl) aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane, N, N-ethyl (trimethylsilyl) aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane, N, N N-methyl (trimethylsilyl) aminopropylmethyldiethoxysilane, N, N-ethyl (trimethylsilyl) aminopropylmethyldiethoxysilane, N, N-methyl (trimethylsilyl) aminoethylmethyldimethoxysilane, N, N-ethyl (trimethylsilyl) Preferred examples include aminoethylmethyldimethoxysilane, N, N-methyl (trimethylsilyl) aminoethylmethyldiethoxysilane, N, N-ethyl (trimethylsilyl) aminoethylmethyldiethoxysilane, and the like. That.
- organosilane compound represented by the general formula (2) is, for example, N- (1,3-dimethylbutylidene) -3- (methyldiethoxysilyl) -1-propanamine, N- (1-methylethylidene) -3- (methyldiethoxysilyl) -1-propanamine, N-ethylidene-3- (methyldiethoxysilyl) -1-propanamine, N- (1-methylpropylidene) -3- (Methyldiethoxysilyl) -1-propanamine, N- (4-N, N-dimethylaminobenzylidene) -3- (methyldiethoxysilyl) -1-propanamine, N- (cyclohexylidene) -3- (methyldiethoxysilyl) -1-propanamine and methyldimethoxysilyl compounds corresponding to these methyldiethoxysilyl compounds, Preferable examples include imine residue-containing hydrocarbyloxy
- N- (1-methylpropylidene) -3- (methyldiethoxy) is particularly preferable.
- Silyl) -1-propanamine and N- (1,3-dimethylbutylidene) -3- (methyldiethoxysilyl) -1-propanamine are preferred.
- organic silane compound represented by the general formula (2) examples include, for example, 3-dimethylaminopropyl (diethoxy) methylsilane, 3-dimethylaminopropyl (dimethoxy) methylsilane, 3-diethylaminopropyl (diethoxy).
- Preferred examples include non-cyclic tertiary amino group-containing hydrocarbyloxysilane compounds such as methylsilane, 3-diethylaminopropyl (dimethoxy) methylsilane, 2-dimethylaminoethyl (diethoxy) methylsilane, and 2-dimethylaminoethyl (dimethoxy) methylsilane.
- 3-dimethylaminopropyl (dimethoxy) methylsilane and 3-dimethylaminopropyl (diethoxy) methylsilane are particularly preferred.
- organic silane compound represented by the general formula (2) include, for example, 3-methylaminopropyl (diethoxy) methylsilane, 3-methylaminopropyl (dimethoxy) methylsilane, 3-ethylaminopropyl ( Preferred examples include non-cyclic secondary amino group-containing hydrocarbyloxysilane compounds such as diethoxy) methylsilane, 3-ethylaminopropyl (dimethoxy) methylsilane, 2-methylaminoethyl (diethoxy) methylsilane, 2-methylaminoethyl (dimethoxy) methylsilane, and the like. Of these, 3-methylaminopropyl (diethoxy) methylsilane and 3-methylaminopropyl (dimethoxy) methylsilane are particularly preferable.
- organic silane compound represented by the general formula (2) include, for example, 3- (1-hexamethyleneimino) propyl (methyldiethoxy) silane, 3- (1-hexamethyleneimino) Propyl (methyldimethoxy) silane, (1-hexamethyleneimino) methyl (methyldimethoxy) silane, (1-hexamethyleneimino) methyl (methyldiethoxy) silane, 2- (1-hexamethyleneimino) ethyl (methyldiethoxy) ) Silane, 2- (1-hexamethyleneimino) ethyl (methyldimethoxy) silane, 3- (1-pyrrolidinyl) propyl (methyldiethoxy) silane, 3- (1-pyrrolidinyl) propyl (methyldimethoxy) silane, 3- (1-heptamethyleneimino) propyl (methyldiethoxy) silane, -(1-dodecamethyleneimino) propyl (methyldiethoxy) silane, -
- organosilane compound represented by the general formula (2) is, for example, N- (3-methyldimethoxysilylpropyl) -4,5-dihydroimidazole, N- (3-methyldiethoxy Examples include amidine group-containing hydrocarbyloxysilane compounds such as (silylpropyl) -4,5-dihydroimidazole, and among these, N- (3-methyldiethoxysilylpropyl) -4,5-dihydroimidazole is preferable.
- organosilane compound represented by the general formula (2) include, for example, (2-glycidoxyethyl) methyldimethoxysilane, (2-glycidoxyethyl) methyldiethoxysilane, ( 2-glycidoxyethyl) ethyldimethoxysilane, (2-glycidoxyethyl) ethyldiethoxysilane, (3-glycidoxypropyl) methyldimethoxysilane, (3-glycidoxypropyl) methyldiethoxysilane, ( 3-glycidoxypropyl) ethyldimethoxysilane, (3-glycidoxypropyl) ethyldiethoxysilane, 2- (3,4-epoxycyclohexyl) ethyl (methyldimethoxy) silane, 2- (3,4-exicyclohexyl) ) Ethyl (methyldiethoxy) silane 2- (3,
- (3) -Glycidoxypropyl) methyldimethoxysilane and (3-glycidoxypropyl) methyldiethoxysilane are preferred.
- An epithio group-containing hydrocarbyloxysilane compound obtained by replacing the epoxy group of the epoxy group-containing hydrocarbyloxysilane compound with an epithio group can also be preferably exemplified.
- organosilane compound represented by the general formula (2) include, for example, (3-isocyanatopropyl) methyldimethoxysilane, (3-isocyanatopropyl) methyldiethoxysilane, (3- Isocyanatopropyl) ethyldimethoxysilane, (3-isocyanatopropyl) ethyldiethoxysilane, (3-isocyanatopropyl) methyldiisopropoxysilane, 3- (isocyanatopropyl) ethyldiisopropoxysilane, etc.
- Examples thereof include hydrocarbyloxysilane compounds, among which (3-isocyanatopropyl) methyldiethoxysilane is preferred.
- organic silane compound represented by the general formula (2) include, for example, 3-methacryloyloxypropylmethyldiethoxysilane, 3-methacryloyloxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane, and 3-methacryloyloxy.
- examples include hydrocarbyloxysilane compounds containing carboxylic acid hydrocarbyl ester residues such as propylethyldimethoxysilane, 3-methacryloyloxypropylethyldiethoxysilane, and 3-methacryloyloxypropylmethyldiisopropoxysilane. Loyloxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane and 3-methacryloyloxypropylmethyldiethoxysilane are preferred.
- organosilane compound represented by the general formula (2) include, for example, 3- (methyldiethoxysilyl) propyl succinic anhydride, 3- (methyldimethoxysilyl) propyl succinic anhydride Examples thereof include hydrocarbyloxysilane compounds containing a carboxylic acid anhydride residue such as 3- (methyldiethoxysilyl) propyl succinic anhydride. Furthermore, 2- (methyldimethoxysilylethyl) pyridine, 2- (methyldiethoxysilylethyl) pyridine, 2-cyanoethylmethyldiethoxysilane and the like can be mentioned.
- a hydrocarbyloxysilane compound having an amino group or an imine residue is preferable from the viewpoint of improving low heat build-up, and among them, the above-mentioned protected
- a hydrocarbyloxysilane compound having a primary amino group is particularly preferred. This is because introduction of a primary amino group into the molecular chain terminal of the modified conjugated diene (co) polymer greatly improves the low heat buildup of the rubber composition containing the modified conjugated diene (co) polymer.
- the method for producing a modified conjugated diene (co) polymer according to the present invention includes, if desired, hydrocarbyloxysilane at the active site of the conjugated diene (co) polymer before the modification reaction step of reacting the organosilane compound. You may further include the pre-denaturation reaction process which makes a compound react.
- the hydrocarbyloxysilane compound used in the preliminary modification reaction step preferably has a plurality of hydrocarbyloxysilyl groups. Even if one hydrocarbyloxysilyl group is consumed by reaction with the active site of the conjugated diene (co) polymer, the remaining hydrocarbyloxysilyl group is used to produce the modified conjugated diene (co) polymer of the present invention. This is because the modification reaction step necessary for the above can be carried out.
- Examples of the conjugated diene monomer used in the conjugated diene (co) polymer in the production method of the modified conjugated diene (co) polymer of the present invention include, for example, 1.3-butadiene, isoprene, 1.3-pentadiene, 2, Examples include 3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene, 2-phenyl-1,3-butadiene, 1,3-hexadiene and the like. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more, and among these, 1,3-butadiene is particularly preferred.
- aromatic vinyl monomer used in the conjugated diene (co) polymer examples include styrene, ⁇ -methylstyrene, 1-vinylnaphthalene, 3-vinyltoluene, ethylvinylbenzene, divinylbenzene, and 4-cyclohexene.
- examples include xylstyrene and 2,4,6-trimethylstyrene. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more, but among these, styrene is particularly preferred.
- the conjugated diene (co) polymer in the production method of the modified conjugated diene (co) polymer of the present invention is polybutadiene, polyisoprene, butadiene-isoprene copolymer, styrene-butadiene copolymer, styrene-isoprene copolymer or Styrene-isoprene-butadiene terpolymers are preferred, and among these, polybutadiene and styrene-butadiene copolymers are particularly preferred.
- the method for producing the modified conjugated diene (co) polymer of the present invention will be described in detail. It is used for reacting the active site of the conjugated diene (co) polymer with the organosilane compound represented by the general formula (1) or the general formula (2) in the modification reaction step of the production method of the present invention.
- the conjugated diene (co) polymer is preferably such that at least 10% of the polymer chains have living or pseudo-living properties.
- anionic polymerization or coordinated anionic polymerization is preferable, and anionic polymerization is particularly preferable in that it does not require the above-described preliminary modification reaction step.
- the active site of the conjugated diene (co) polymer means the active end of the conjugated diene (co) polymer (the active site at the end of the molecular chain), the active site in the main chain, the side Any of the active sites in the chain may be used, but when the active site of the conjugated diene (co) polymer is obtained by anionic polymerization or coordinated anionic polymerization, it is preferably the active end.
- an organic lithium compound is preferable as the organic alkali metal compound used as the initiator for the above-mentioned anionic polymerization.
- the organolithium compound is not particularly limited, but hydrocarbyl lithium and lithium amide compounds are preferably used.
- hydrocarbyl lithium When the former hydrocarbyl lithium is used, it has a hydrocarbyl group at the polymerization initiation terminal and the other terminal has polymerization activity.
- a terminal conjugated diene (co) polymer is obtained.
- the latter lithium amide compound is used, a conjugated diene (co) polymer having a nitrogen-containing group at the polymerization initiation terminal and the other terminal being the polymerization active terminal is obtained.
- the hydrocarbyl lithium is preferably one having a hydrocarbyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, for example, ethyl lithium, n-propyl lithium, isopropyl lithium, n-butyl lithium, sec-butyl lithium, tert-octyl lithium, n-decyl.
- Examples include lithium, phenyllithium, 2-naphthyllithium, 2-butylphenyllithium, 4-phenylbutyllithium, cyclohexyllithium, cyclobenthyllithium, a reaction product of diisopropenylbenzene and butyllithium, and the like. Of these, n-butyllithium is particularly preferred.
- examples of the lithium amide compound include lithium hexamethylene imide, lithium pyrrolidide, lithium piperide, lithium heptamethylene imide, lithium dodecamethylene imide, lithium dimethyl amide, lithium diethyl amide, lithium dibutyl amide, lithium dipropyl amide, and lithium disulfide.
- cyclic lithium amides such as lithium hexamethylene imide, lithium pyrrolidide, lithium piperidide, lithium heptamethylene imide, and lithium dodecamethylene imide are preferable.
- lithium hexamethylene imide and lithium pyrrolidide are suitable.
- lithium amide compounds are generally prepared in advance from a secondary amine and a lithium compound for polymerization, but can also be prepared in-situ.
- the amount of the polymerization initiator used is preferably selected in the range of 0.2 to 20 mmol per 100 g of monomer.
- a conventionally well-known method can be used. Specifically, in an organic solvent inert to the reaction, for example, a hydrocarbon solvent such as an aliphatic, alicyclic, or aromatic hydrocarbon compound, a conjugated diene monomer or a conjugated diene monomer and an aromatic vinyl are used.
- the monomer is anionically polymerized with the lithium compound as a polymerization initiator in the presence of a randomizer to be used, if desired, to obtain a conjugated diene (co) polymer having a target active end.
- an organolithium compound when used as a polymerization initiator, not only a conjugated diene polymer having an active terminal but also a conjugated compound having an active terminal is used, compared to the case where a catalyst containing a lanthanum series rare earth element compound is used.
- a diene-aromatic vinyl copolymer can also be obtained efficiently.
- the hydrocarbon solvent is preferably one having 3 to 8 carbon atoms.
- the monomer concentration in the solvent is preferably 5 to 50% by mass, more preferably 10 to 30% by mass.
- the content of the aromatic vinyl monomer in the charged monomer mixture is preferably in the range of 55% by mass or less.
- the randomizer used as desired is control of the microstructure of the conjugated diene (co) polymer, such as an increase in 1,2 bonds in the butadiene moiety in the styrene-butadiene copolymer, an increase in 3,4 bonds in the isoprene polymer, etc. Or a compound having an action of controlling the composition distribution of the monomer unit in the conjugated diene / aromatic vinyl copolymer, for example, randomizing the butadiene unit or the styrene unit in the styrene-butadiene copolymer.
- the randomizer is not particularly limited, and any one of known compounds generally used as a conventional randomizer can be appropriately selected and used.
- randomizers may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the amount used is preferably selected in the range of 0.01 to 1000 molar equivalents per mole of lithium compound.
- the temperature in this polymerization reaction is preferably selected in the range of 0 to 150 ° C., more preferably 20 to 130 ° C.
- the polymerization reaction can be carried out under generated pressure, but it is usually desirable to operate at a pressure sufficient to keep the monomer in a substantially liquid phase. That is, the pressure depends on the particular material being polymerized, the polymerization medium used and the polymerization temperature, but higher pressures can be used if desired, such pressure being a gas that is inert with respect to the polymerization reaction. Can be obtained by an appropriate method such as pressurizing.
- a polymerization catalyst system for coordination anion polymerization a catalyst containing a lanthanum series rare earth element compound in an organic solvent is used.
- Component (A) a rare earth element-containing compound having an atomic number of 57 to 71 in the periodic table, or a reaction product of these compounds with a Lewis base
- an organoaluminum oxy compound so-called aluminoxane
- aluminoxane is added as a component (D) in addition to the above components (A) to (C).
- the catalyst system is preliminarily prepared in the presence of the component (A), the component (B), the component (C), the component (D) and the conjugated diene monomer.
- the component (A) of the catalyst system containing a lanthanum series rare earth element compound is a compound containing a rare earth element having an atomic number of 57 to 71 in the periodic table, or a reaction product of these compounds with a Lewis base.
- the rare earth elements having atomic numbers of 57 to 71 neodymium, praseodymium, cerium, lanthanum, gadolinium, samarium, or a mixture thereof is preferable, and neodymium is particularly preferable.
- the rare earth element-containing compound is preferably a salt soluble in a hydrocarbon solvent, and specific examples include carboxylates, alkoxides, ⁇ -diketone complexes, phosphates and phosphites of the rare earth elements. Of these, carboxylates and phosphates are preferable, and carboxylates are particularly preferable.
- examples of the hydrocarbon solvent include saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having 4 to 10 carbon atoms such as butane, pentane, hexane and heptane, saturated alicyclic hydrocarbons having 5 to 20 carbon atoms such as cyclopentane and cyclohexane, -Monoolefins such as butene, 2-butene, aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene, methylene chloride, chloroform, trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene, 1,2-dichloroethane, chlorobenzene, bromobenzene, chlorotoluene, etc.
- a halogenated hydrocarbon is mentioned.
- R 10 is a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms
- M 1 is a rare earth element having an atomic number of 57 to 71 in the periodic table.
- R 10 may be saturated or unsaturated, is preferably an alkyl group or an alkenyl group, and may be linear, branched or cyclic.
- the carboxyl group is bonded to a primary, secondary or tertiary carbon atom.
- carboxylate examples include octanoic acid, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, oleic acid, neodecanoic acid, stearic acid, benzoic acid, naphthenic acid, versatic acid [trade names of Shell Chemical Co., Ltd. , A carboxylic acid in which a carboxyl group is bonded to a tertiary carbon atom], and the like.
- salts of 2-ethylhexanoic acid, neodecanoic acid, naphthenic acid, and versatic acid are preferable.
- R 11 is a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms
- M 2 is a rare earth element having an atomic number of 57 to 71 in the periodic table.
- R 11 O examples include 2-ethyl-hexyloxy group, oleyloxy group, stearyloxy group, phenoxy group, benzyloxy group and the like. Of these, 2-ethyl-hexyloxy group and benzyloxy group are preferable.
- the rare earth element ⁇ -diketone complex examples include the rare earth element acetylacetone complex, benzoylacetone complex, propionitrileacetone complex, valerylacetone complex, and ethylacetylacetone complex. Among these, an acetylacetone complex and an ethylacetylacetone complex are preferable.
- rare earth element phosphate and phosphite examples include the rare earth element, bis (2-ethylhexyl) phosphate, bis (1-methylheptyl phosphate), bis (p-nonylphenyl) phosphate, phosphorus Bis (polyethylene glycol-p-nonylphenyl), phosphoric acid (1-methylheptyl) (2-ethylhexyl), phosphoric acid (2-ethylhexyl) (p-nonylphenyl), 2-ethylhexylphosphonic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl 2-ethylhexylphosphonic acid mono-p-nonylphenyl, bis (2-ethylhexyl) phosphinic acid, bis (1-methylheptyl) phosphinic acid, bis (p-nonylphenyl) phosphinic acid, (1-methylheptyl) (2 -Ethylhexyl
- the rare earth elements bis (2-ethylhexyl) phosphate, bis (1-methylheptyl) phosphate, mono-2-ethylhexyl 2-ethylhexylphosphonate, A salt with bis (2-ethylhexyl) phosphinic acid is preferred.
- neodymium phosphate and neodymium carboxylate are more preferable, and in particular, neodymium branching such as neodymium 2-ethylhexanoate, neodymium neodecanoate, neodymium versatate, etc.
- Carboxylate is most preferred.
- the component (A) may be a reaction product of the rare earth element-containing compound and a Lewis base.
- the reaction product has improved solubility of the rare earth element-containing compound in the solvent due to the Lewis base, and can be stably stored for a long period of time.
- the Lewis base is used in a proportion of 0 to 30 mol, preferably 1 to 10 mol, per mol of the rare earth element. Or as a mixture of the two or as a product obtained by reacting both in advance.
- examples of the Lewis base include acetylacetone, tetrahydrofuran, pyridine, N, N-dimethylformamide, thiophene, diphenyl ether, triethylamine, an organic phosphorus compound, and a monovalent or divalent alcohol.
- the rare earth element-containing compound as the component (A) described above or a reaction product of these compounds with a Lewis base can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the organoaluminum compound represented by the above general formula (5) which is the component (B) of the catalyst system used for the polymerization of the terminal active polymer, includes trimethylaluminum, triethylaluminum, tri-n-propylaluminum, Triisopropylaluminum, tri-n-butylaluminum, triisobutylaluminum, tri-t-butylaluminum, tripentylaluminum, trihexylaluminum, tricyclohexylaluminum, trioctylaluminum; diethylaluminum hydride, di-n-propyl hydride Aluminum, di-n-butylaluminum hydride, diisobutylaluminum hydride, dihexylaluminum hydride, diisohexylaluminum hydride, dioctylaluminum hydride, hydrogenated Isooctyl aluminum,
- the component (C) of the catalyst system used for the polymerization of the terminal active polymer is at least selected from the group consisting of a Lewis acid, a complex compound of a metal halide and a Lewis base, and an organic compound containing an active halogen. It is a kind of halogen compound.
- the Lewis acid has Lewis acidity and is soluble in hydrocarbons. Specifically, methyl aluminum dibromide, methyl aluminum dichloride, ethyl aluminum dibromide, ethyl aluminum dichloride, butyl aluminum dibromide, butyl aluminum dichloride, dimethyl aluminum bromide, dimethyl aluminum chloride, diethyl bromide Aluminum, diethylaluminum chloride, dibutylaluminum bromide, dibutylaluminum chloride, methylaluminum sesquibromide, methylaluminum sesquichloride, ethylaluminum sesquibromide, ethylaluminum sesquichloride, dibutyltin dichloride, aluminum tribromide, antimony trichloride, Examples include antimony pentachloride, phosphorus trichloride, phosphorus pentachloride, tin tetrachloride, and silicon tetrachloride.
- diethylaluminum chloride, sesquiethylaluminum chloride, ethylaluminum dichloride, diethylaluminum bromide, ethylaluminum sesquibromide, and ethylaluminum dibromide are preferable.
- a reaction product of an alkylaluminum and a halogen such as a reaction product of triethylaluminum and bromine can be used.
- the metal halide constituting the complex compound of the above metal halide and Lewis base includes beryllium chloride, beryllium bromide, beryllium iodide, magnesium chloride, magnesium bromide, magnesium iodide, calcium chloride, calcium bromide, iodine.
- a phosphorus compound, a carbonyl compound, a nitrogen compound, an ether compound, an alcohol, and the like are preferable.
- tri-2-ethylhexyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, acetylacetone, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, versatic acid, 2 -Ethylhexyl alcohol, 1-decanol, lauryl alcohol are preferred.
- the Lewis base is reacted at a ratio of usually 0.01 to 30 mol, preferably 0.5 to 10 mol, per mol of the metal halide.
- the metal remaining in the polymer can be reduced.
- the organic compound containing the active halogen include benzyl chloride.
- examples of the aluminoxane as component (D) include methylaluminoxane, ethylaluminoxane, propylaluminoxane, butylaluminoxane, chloroaluminoxane and the like.
- each component of the catalyst system used in the present invention is appropriately selected according to its purpose or necessity.
- the component (A) is preferably used in an amount of 0.00001 to 1.0 mmol, more preferably 0.0001 to 0.5 mmol, per 100 g of 1,3-butadiene.
- the ratio of the component (A) to the component (B) is a molar ratio, and the ratio of the component (A): component (B) is usually 1: 1 to 1: 700, preferably 1: 3 to 1: 500.
- the ratio of the halogen in the component (A) and the component (C) is, as a molar ratio, usually 1: 0.1 to 1:30, preferably 1: 0.2 to 1:15, more preferably 1: 2.0 to 1: 5.0.
- the ratio of aluminum to the component (A) in the component (D) is usually 1: 1 to 700: 1, preferably 3: 1 to 500: 1 in terms of molar ratio.
- a conjugated diene monomer such as 1,3-butadiene may be used as necessary.
- a small amount, specifically, a ratio of 0 to 1000 moles per mole of the component (A) compound may be used.
- a conjugated diene monomer such as 1,3-butadiene as a catalyst component is not essential, but when used in combination, there is an advantage that the catalytic activity is further improved.
- the components (A) to (C) are dissolved in a solvent and, if necessary, a conjugated diene monomer such as 1,3-butadiene is reacted.
- the addition order of each component is not specifically limited, Furthermore, you may add aluminoxane as (D) component.
- the aging temperature is about 0 to 100 ° C., preferably 20 to 80 ° C. When the temperature is less than 0 ° C, aging is not sufficiently performed.
- the aging time is not particularly limited, and can be aged by bringing it into contact with the line before adding to the polymerization reaction tank. Usually, 0.5 minutes or more is sufficient, and stable for several days.
- conjugated diene (co) polymer having terminal activity a conjugated diene monomer alone or a conjugated diene monomer is used in an organic solvent using a catalyst system containing the lanthanum series rare earth element-containing compound. It can be obtained by solution polymerization of other conjugated diene monomers.
- an inert organic solvent is used as the polymerization solvent.
- the inert organic solvent examples include saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having 4 to 10 carbon atoms such as butane, pentane, hexane and heptane, saturated alicyclic hydrocarbons having 5 to 20 carbon atoms such as cyclopentane and cyclohexane, 1- Monoolefins such as butene and 2-butene, aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene, methylene chloride, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene, 1,2-dichloroethane, chlorobenzene, bromobenzene, chloro And halogenated hydrocarbons such as toluene.
- saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having 4 to 10 carbon atoms such as butane, pentane, hexane and heptane
- saturated alicyclic hydrocarbons having 5 to 20 carbon atoms such as
- aliphatic hydrocarbons and alicyclic hydrocarbons having 5 to 6 carbon atoms are particularly preferable.
- These solvents may be used alone or in a combination of two or more.
- the monomer concentration in the solvent used for this coordinated anionic polymerization is preferably 5 to 50% by mass, more preferably 10 to 30% by mass.
- the temperature in the coordination anion polymerization reaction is preferably selected in the range of ⁇ 80 to 150 ° C., more preferably ⁇ 20 to 120 ° C.
- the polymerization reaction can be carried out under generated pressure, but it is usually desirable to operate at a pressure sufficient to keep the monomer in a substantially liquid phase. That is, the pressure depends on the particular material being polymerized, the polymerization medium used and the polymerization temperature, but higher pressures can be used if desired, such pressure being a gas that is inert with respect to the polymerization reaction. Can be obtained by an appropriate method such as pressurizing.
- the hydrocarbyloxysilane compound is reacted in advance in the above-described pre-modification reaction step, followed by hydrolysis. And (i) an organic silane compound and the conjugated diene (co) polymer are bonded to each other by performing an addition or substitution reaction on the active site in the vicinity of the characteristic group.
- a modification reaction may be caused by reacting an organosilane compound having a functional group that promotes the reaction between the silanol group and the reinforcing filler or (ii) a functional group that promotes the reaction between the silanol group and the reinforcing filler. From the viewpoint of smoothly proceeding.
- anionic polymerization and coordination anionic polymerization all the raw materials involved in the polymerization such as polymerization initiator, solvent, monomer, and the like have removed reaction inhibitors such as water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and protic compounds. It is desirable to use one.
- the polymerization reaction may be carried out either batchwise or continuously. In this way, a conjugated diene (co) polymer having an active end is obtained.
- the conjugated diene (co) polymer having an active terminal obtained as described above is added to the above general formula (1).
- the organosilane compound represented by the general formula (2) is added to the active end of the conjugated diene (co) polymer, preferably in a stoichiometric amount or in excess, and bonded to the polymer. React with the active end.
- the modification reaction step and the preliminary modification reaction step of the present invention are usually carried out under the same temperature and pressure conditions as in the polymerization reaction.
- the hydrolysis process of the method for producing the modified conjugated diene (co) polymer of the present invention will be described.
- the hydrolysis reaction is performed in the presence of water under acidic, neutral or alkaline conditions.
- the hydrolyzable functional group bonded to the modified conjugated diene (co) polymer is efficiently hydrolyzed, and a silanol group is generated at the terminal or side chain of the modified conjugated diene (co) polymer.
- the amount of water used in this hydrolysis reaction is preferably an excess molar amount, for example, 2 to 4 times the molar amount of the initiator such as Li.
- the hydrolysis time is usually about 10 minutes to several hours.
- an alkali metal hydroxide such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, preferably sodium hydroxide as the basic compound
- the hydrolysis reaction under acidic conditions.
- an inorganic acid such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid or nitric acid, a carboxylic acid such as acetic acid or formic acid, silicon tetrachloride or the like.
- a condensation reaction step for performing a condensation reaction in the presence of a condensation accelerator can be provided between the modification reaction step and the hydrolysis step or after the hydrolysis step.
- the condensation accelerator used in the condensation reaction is preferably added after the modification reaction and before the start of the condensation reaction.
- a direct reaction with the active terminal may occur, and a hydrocarbyloxy group may not be introduced into the active terminal.
- the condensation accelerator may not be uniformly dispersed and the catalyst performance may be lowered.
- As the addition time of the condensation accelerator when a condensation reaction step is provided between the modification reaction step and the hydrolysis step, usually 5 minutes to 5 hours after the start of the modification reaction, preferably 15 minutes to 1 hour after the start of the modification reaction. Later.
- a condensation reaction step is provided after the hydrolysis step, it is usually 5 minutes to 5 hours, preferably 10 minutes to 2 hours after the start of the hydrolysis reaction.
- the condensation accelerator preferably contains a metal element, and more preferably a compound containing at least one metal belonging to Groups 2 to 15 of the periodic table.
- the condensation accelerator containing the metal element preferably contains at least one selected from Ti, Sn, Bi, Zr and Al, and is an alkoxide, carboxylate or acetylacetonate complex of the metal. is there.
- an alkoxide of titanium (Ti), a carboxylate, and an acetylacetonate complex salt are preferably used.
- Ti titanium
- a carboxylate titanium
- an acetylacetonate complex salt preferably used.
- tetrakis (2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediolato) titanium, tetrakis (2-ethylhexoxy) titanium, and titanium di-n-butoxide (bis-2,4-pentanedionate) are preferable.
- an oxidation number 2 tin compound represented by Sn (OCOR 31 ) 2 (wherein R 31 is an alkyl group having 2 to 19 carbon atoms), R 32 x SnA 5 y B 1 4-yx oxidation number 4 tin compound (wherein R 32 is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, x is an integer of 1 to 3, y is 1 or 2)
- a 5 is a carboxyl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, a ⁇ -dicarbonyl group having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, a hydrocarbyloxy group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and / or a carbon number of 1
- the tin carboxylate includes divalent tin dicarboxylate, tetravalent dihydrocarbyltin dicarboxylate (including bis (hydrocarbyldicarboxylic acid) salt), bis ( ⁇ -Diketonates), alkoxy halides, monocarboxylate hydroxides, alkoxy (trihydrocarbylsiloxides), alkoxy (dihydrocarbylalkoxysiloxides), bis (trihydrocarbylsiloxides), bis (dihydrocarbylalkoxysiloxides), etc. It can be used suitably.
- the hydrocarbyl group bonded to tin preferably has 4 or more carbon atoms, and particularly preferably has 4 to 8 carbon atoms.
- condensation accelerator for example, alkoxide, carboxylic acid, or acetylacetonate complex salt of these metals
- Zr, Bi, or Al examples of the condensation accelerator (for example, alkoxide, carboxylic acid, or acetylacetonate complex salt of these metals) containing Zr, Bi, or Al as a metal component include the following (a) to (e).
- tris (2-ethylhexanoate) bismuth tris (laurate) bismuth, tris (naphthenate) bismuth, tris (stearate) bismuth, tris (oleate) bismuth, tris (linoleate) bismuth,
- Triethoxyaluminum tri-n-propoxyaluminum, triisopropoxyaluminum, tri-n-butoxyaluminum, trisec-butoxyaluminum, tritert-butoxyaluminum, tri (2-ethylhexoxy) aluminum, aluminum dibutoxy systemate, aluminum dibutoxy Acetylacetonate, aluminum butoxybis (acetylacetonate), aluminum dibutoxyethylacetoacetate, aluminum tris (acetylacetonate), aluminum tris (ethylacetoacetate), tris (2-ethylhexanoate) aluminum, tris (laurate) ) Aluminum, Tris (naphthenate) aluminum, Tris (stearate) aluminum, Tris (olee) G) aluminum, tris (linolate) aluminum, and the like.
- the blending amount (use amount) of the condensation accelerator is preferably such that it is 0.1 to 10 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the rubber component in the rubber composition described later, and 0.5 to 5 parts by weight. Part is more preferred.
- the condensation reaction is preferably carried out in an aqueous solution, and the temperature during the condensation reaction is preferably 85 to 180 ° C., more preferably 100 to 170 ° C., and particularly preferably 110 to 150 ° C.
- the temperature during the condensation reaction is preferably 85 to 180 ° C., more preferably 100 to 170 ° C., and particularly preferably 110 to 150 ° C.
- the condensation reaction time is preferably about 5 minutes to 10 hours, more preferably about 15 minutes to 5 hours. By setting the condensation reaction time within the above range, the condensation reaction can be completed smoothly.
- the pressure of the reaction system during the condensation reaction is preferably 0.01 to 20 MPa, more preferably 0.05 to 10 MPa.
- limiting in particular about the form of a condensation reaction You may carry out by a continuous type using apparatuses, such as a batch type reactor and a multistage continuous reactor. Moreover, you may perform this condensation reaction and desolvation simultaneously.
- BHT 2,6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol
- the modified conjugated diene (co) polymer of the present invention is obtained through a desolvation treatment such as steam stripping, which lowers the partial pressure of the solvent by blowing water vapor, and a vacuum drying treatment.
- a desolvation treatment such as steam stripping, which lowers the partial pressure of the solvent by blowing water vapor, and a vacuum drying treatment.
- deprotection treatment is performed simultaneously to remove the protected nitrogen atom protecting group to produce a primary amino group.
- hydrocarbyloxysilane compound From the hydrocarbyloxysilane compound, it is converted to the free primary amino group by hydrolyzing the protecting group on the primary amino group by various methods as needed at any stage until it becomes a dry polymer.
- the deprotection treatment of the protected primary amino group can be performed.
- modified conjugated diene (co) polymer I obtained by the production method of the present invention
- modified conjugated diene (co) polymer I is a molecule comprising a silanol group and a functional group in the vicinity of the silanol group, which promotes the reaction between the silanol group and the reinforcing filler. At the chain end.
- the modified conjugated diene (co) polymer I of the present invention is more specifically a modified conjugated diene (co) polymer represented by the following general formula (3) or the following general formula (4).
- R 1 is a single bond or a divalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms
- R 2 and R 3 are each independently hydrogen or a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms
- a 3 is a silanol A functional group that promotes the reaction between the group and the reinforcing filler, and m is an integer of 1 to 10.
- R 4 is a single bond or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms
- R 5 and R 6 are each independently a single bond, hydrogen or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms
- a 4 is a single bond or carbon Functional groups that promote the reaction between the hydrocarbon group or silanol group of formula 1 to 20 and the reinforcing filler
- B and D are each independently at least one functional group that promotes the reaction between the silanol group and the reinforcing filler.
- P and q each independently represents an integer of 0 to 5, and (p + q) is 1 or more.
- n is an integer of 1 to 10, preferably an integer of 1 to 6. Note that (Polymer)-is a polymer chain of a modified conjugated diene (co) polymer.
- R 1 , R 4 , R 5 when p is 1 or R 6 when q is 1 is a C 1-20 divalent
- R 1 , R 4 , and p in the general formula (1) and the general formula (2) are 1 or R 6 in the case where q is 1
- R 2, R 3, p is 1 to 20 carbon atoms which is R 6 when it is R 5 or q is 0 when it is 0
- Specific examples thereof are the same as the monovalent hydrocarbon group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms which is 6 .
- the functional groups A 3 and A 4 that promote the reaction between the silanol group and the reinforcing filler each independently, for example, a (thio) ether bond, A divalent functional group having at least one bond selected from (thio) urethane bond, imino bond and amide bond, and nitrile group (cyano group), pyridyl group, N-alkylpyrrolidonyl group, N-alkyl Imidazolyl group, N-alkylpyrazolyl group, (thio) ketone group, (thio) aldehyde group, isocyanuric acid triester residue, (thio) carboxylic acid hydrocarbyl ester residue having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, 1 to 20 carbon atoms (Thio) carboxylic acid metal salt residue, carboxylic acid anhydride residue having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, carboxylic acid halide residue having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and dihydr
- the divalent functional group having at least one bond selected from (thio) ether bond, (thio) urethane bond, imino bond and amide bond is (thio) ether bond, (thio) urethane bond, It may be an imino bond or an amide bond, or may be a divalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms having a (thio) ether bond, a (thio) urethane bond, an imino bond and / or an amide bond.
- R 5 or q in the case where R 1 , R 4 , and p in the general formula (1) and the general formula (2) are 1, same embodiment as R 6 in some cases and the like.
- the groups B and D containing at least one functional group that promotes the reaction between the silanol group and the reinforcing filler are each independently a primary amino group, a secondary amino group, and a protected group.
- E is an imino group, a divalent imine residue, a divalent pyridine residue or a divalent amide residue
- F is an alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a phenylene group or an aralkylene having 8 to 20 carbon atoms
- Group G is primary amino group, secondary amino group, protected primary or secondary amino group, tertiary amino group, cyclic amino group, oxazolyl group, imidazolyl group, aziridinyl group, ketimine group, nitrile group (cyano Group), an amide group, a pyridine group or a (thio) isocyanate group.
- Specific examples of the functional group represented by the general formula -EFFG are as described above.
- the protected functional group capable of leaving the primary or secondary amino group may remain in the modified conjugated diene (co) polymer of the present invention without being deprotected.
- the modified conjugated diene (co) polymer of the present invention preferably has only one silanol group in the molecular chain. This is because when two or more silanol groups are present in the molecular chain, the silanol groups are condensed with each other, and the viscosity of the modified conjugated diene (co) polymer is increased, which may make the kneading operation difficult.
- the modified conjugated diene (co) polymer of the present invention has both a silanol group and a functional group that promotes the reaction between the silanol group and the reinforcing filler in the vicinity of the silanol group.
- low exothermic property is improved in both the silica-containing rubber composition and the carbon black-containing rubber composition.
- the modified conjugated diene (co) polymer of the present invention does not limit the vinyl bond content of the conjugated diene part, but is preferably 70% or less. If it is 70% or less, the fracture characteristics and the wear characteristics are improved when used for a tire tread.
- the styrene content is preferably 0 to 50% by mass. This is because if it is 50% by mass or less, the balance between low heat build-up and wet skid performance is improved.
- the vinyl bond content was determined by calculating the integral ratio of the spectrum by infrared method (Morero method) and the styrene content by 1 H-NMR.
- the rubber composition I of the present invention contains the above-described modified conjugated diene (co) polymer I of the present invention, and preferably further contains a condensation accelerator.
- the modified conjugated diene (co) polymer I contained as an essential component contains a modification reaction, a hydrolysis reaction, and optionally a condensation accelerator obtained by the production method of the present invention described above. It may be a modified conjugated diene (co) polymer obtained by subjecting a condensation reaction to be used, or a modified conjugated diene (co) polymer not subject to a condensation reaction using the above condensation accelerator.
- this modified conjugated diene (co) polymer I those having a polar group that promotes the reaction between silica and silanol can be preferably used.
- Examples of the silane compound used to obtain the modified conjugated diene (co) polymer I include compounds represented by the general formula (1) or the general formula (2).
- a 1 , R 1 to R 3 , —OL 1 and m in the general formula (1), A 2 , R 4 to R 6 , B, D, —OL 2 , n, p and q in the general formula (2) Is as described above.
- the rubber composition I of the present invention can further contain a condensation accelerator.
- This condensation accelerator may be added during the synthesis of the modified conjugated diene (co) polymer as in the production method of the present invention described above, may be added during the preparation of the rubber composition I, or these operations. May be combined.
- the content of the condensation accelerator is as described in the condensation reaction in the method for producing the modified conjugated diene (co) polymer described above.
- the condensation accelerator is added during the preparation of the rubber composition I, it is preferably kneaded with other components at a temperature of usually about 20 to 185 ° C., preferably 60 to 175 ° C. in the first stage.
- the content of the condensation accelerator in the rubber composition I is preferably 0.1 to 10 parts by mass, and 0.5 to 5 parts by mass from the viewpoint of the reactivity between silica and silanol per 100 parts by mass of the rubber component. It is more preferable that
- the rubber component of the rubber composition I of the present invention comprises 10 to 100% by mass of the modified conjugated diene (co) polymer I represented by the general formula (3) or the general formula (4) and 90 to 0% by mass of the diene rubber. Preferably it consists of. This is because if the modified conjugated diene (co) polymer I is 10% by mass or more, the effects of the present invention can be enjoyed.
- the diene rubber other than the modified conjugated diene (co) polymer I according to the present invention, polybutadiene, polyisoprene, polybutadiene-polyisoprene copolymer, styrene-butadiene copolymer, styrene-isoprene copolymer are used.
- examples thereof include styrene-isoprene-butadiene terpolymer, ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer, butyl rubber, and halogenated butyl rubber.
- the rubber composition I of the present invention comprises a reinforcing filler 10 based on 100 parts by mass of a rubber component comprising 10 to 100% by mass of the modified conjugated diene (co) polymer I of the present invention and 90 to 0% by mass of a diene rubber. It is preferable to contain ⁇ 200 parts by mass, more preferably 20 to 120 parts by mass, and particularly preferably 30 to 100 parts by mass.
- the reinforcing filler is preferably carbon black and / or silica. It is particularly preferred that the reinforcing filler is silica.
- the carbon black used as the reinforcing filler is not particularly limited.
- GPF, FEF, SRF, HAF, N339, IISAF, ISAF, SAF and the like are used, and the nitrogen adsorption specific surface area (N 2 SA, JIS K 6217- 2: measured according to 2001) is preferably 20 to 250 m 2 / g.
- any commercially available silica can be used.
- wet silica, dry silica, colloidal silica is preferably used, and wet silica is particularly used.
- the BET specific surface area (measured in accordance with ISO 5794/1) of silica is preferably 100 m 2 / g or more, more preferably 150 m 2 / g or more, particularly preferably 170 m 2 / g or more.
- a silane coupling agent when silica is used as a filler, a silane coupling agent can be blended for the purpose of further improving the reinforcement and low heat build-up.
- silane coupling agent examples include bis (3-triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide, bis (3-triethoxysilylpropyl) trisulfide, bis (3-triethoxysilylpropyl) disulfide, and bis (2-sodium trisulfide).
- Ethoxysilylethyl) tetrasulfide bis (3-trimethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide, bis (2-trimethoxysilylethyl) tetrasulfide, 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane, 2-mercapto Ethyltrimethoxysilane, 2-mercaptoethyltriethoxysilane, 3-trimethoxysilylpropyl-N, N-dimethylthiocarbamoyl tetrasulfide, 3-triethoxysilylpropyl-N, N-dimethylthioca Vamoyl tetrasulfide, 2-triethoxysilylethyl-N, N-dimethylthiocarbamoyl tetrasulfide, 3-trimethoxysilylpropylbenzothiazolyl te
- bis (( - triethoxysilylpropyl) polysulfide and 3-trimethoxysilylpropyl benzothiazyl tetrasulfide are preferable.
- One of these silane coupling agents may be used alone, or two or more thereof may be used in combination.
- the compounding amount of the silane coupling agent is It can be reduced from the usual case.
- the blending amount of the preferred silane coupling agent varies depending on the type of the silane coupling agent, but is preferably selected in the range of 1 to 20% by mass with respect to the silica. By setting it as such a range, gelatinization of a rubber component can be prevented, fully exhibiting the effect as a coupling agent. From the viewpoint of the effect as a coupling agent and the prevention of gelation, the preferable amount of the silane coupling agent is in the range of 5 to 15% by mass.
- the rubber composition I of the present invention is preferably sulfur crosslinkable, and sulfur is suitably used as a vulcanizing agent.
- the amount used is preferably 0.1 to 10 parts by mass of sulfur (the total amount of sulfur and sulfur donors) per 100 parts by mass of the rubber component. This is because within this range, the necessary elastic modulus and strength of the vulcanized rubber composition can be ensured and fuel efficiency can be obtained. From this viewpoint, it is more preferable to add 0.2 to 8 parts by mass of the sulfur content.
- a vulcanizing agent other than sulfur for example, a vulcanizing agent other than sulfur, a vulcanization accelerator, a process oil, and the like, as long as the object of the present invention is not impaired.
- a plasticizer, an antioxidant, a scorch inhibitor, zinc white, stearic acid, a thermosetting resin, a thermoplastic resin, and the like can be contained.
- the vulcanization accelerator that can be used in the present invention is not particularly limited.
- M (2-mercaptobenzothiazole), DM (dibenzothiazyl disulfide), CZ (N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazyl) Sulfenamide) or guanidine vulcanization accelerators such as DPG (diphenylguanidine) can be used, and the amount used is 0.1-5. 0 parts by mass is preferable, and 0.2 to 3.0 parts by mass is more preferable.
- examples of the process oil used as a softening agent that can be used in the rubber composition I of the present invention include paraffinic, naphthenic, and aromatic oils. Aromatics are used for applications that emphasize tensile strength and wear resistance, and naphthenic or paraffinic systems are used for applications that emphasize hysteresis loss and low-temperature characteristics.
- the amount used is preferably 0 to 100 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the rubber component, and if it is 100 parts by mass or less, the deterioration of the tensile strength and low heat build-up (low fuel consumption) of the vulcanized rubber is suppressed. can do.
- examples of the antioxidant that can be used in the rubber composition I of the present invention include 3C (N-isopropyl-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, 6C [N- (1,3-dimethylbutyl) -N ′). -Phenyl-p-phenylenediamine], AW (6-ethoxy-2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline), high-temperature condensate of diphenylamine and acetone, etc.
- the amount is preferably from 0.1 to 6.0 parts by weight, more preferably from 0.3 to 5.0 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the rubber component.
- the rubber composition I of the present invention is obtained by kneading using a kneading machine such as a Banbury mixer, a roll, an internal mixer or the like according to the above-mentioned blending prescription, vulcanizing after molding, and a pneumatic tire And various industrial rubber products such as belt conveyors and rubber hoses.
- the present invention also provides a pneumatic tire (hereinafter referred to as tire I) obtained by using the rubber composition I of the present invention described above.
- the rubber composition II of the present invention comprises (A) a rubber component containing the above-described modified conjugated diene (co) polymer I of the present invention, and 100 parts by mass of the rubber component. It is characterized by containing 10 to 100 parts by mass of carbon black having a surface area (N 2 SA) of 20 to 100 m 2 / g.
- the (A) modified conjugated diene (co) polymer I is a modified conjugated diene polymer (a-1) having a structure represented by the following general formula (11):
- it is a modified conjugated diene polymer (a-2) having a structure represented by the following general formula (12).
- the modified conjugated diene polymer (a-1) used for the rubber component (A) has a molecular chain terminal represented by the following general formula (11):
- R 21 represents a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms
- R 22 represents an alkylene group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
- the hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms represented by R 21 is an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, or a 7 to 20 carbon atom.
- An aralkyl group can be exemplified, and among these, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms is preferable.
- the alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms may be linear, branched or cyclic, for example, methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, isobutyl group, sec -Butyl, tert-butyl, various pentyl, various hexyl, various octyl, various decyl, various dodecyl, various tetradecyl, various hexadecyl, various octadecyl, various icosyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl And methylcyclopentyl group, cyclopentylmethyl group, methylcyclohexyl group, cyclohexylmethyl group and the like.
- a methyl group and an ethyl group are preferable from the viewpoint of availability of raw materials.
- R 22 is an alkylene group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
- the alkylene group may be linear, branched or cyclic, and specific examples thereof include a methylene group, an ethylene group, and propane.
- the modified conjugated diene polymer (a-1) having the structure represented by the general formula (11) at the molecular chain terminal can be efficiently produced according to the present invention.
- one hydrocarbyloxy group and one reactive group are directly attached to the active terminal of the conjugated diene polymer having an active terminal.
- modified by reacting with a compound containing a bifunctional silicon atom which is bonded to a silicon atom and one protected primary amino group is bonded to the silicon atom via an alkylene group.
- a modified conjugated diene polymer (a-1) having a terminal structure represented by the general formula (11) can be obtained.
- the conjugated diene polymer having an active terminal used in the method of the present invention is obtained by copolymerizing a diene monomer alone or with another monomer, and the production method is not particularly limited. Any of a solution polymerization method, a gas phase polymerization method and a bulk polymerization method can be used, but a solution polymerization method is particularly preferable. Moreover, any of a batch type and a continuous type may be sufficient as the superposition
- the active site metal present in the molecule of the conjugated diene polymer is preferably one selected from alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, preferably alkali metals, and particularly preferably lithium metal.
- an organic alkali metal compound particularly a lithium compound is used as a polymerization initiator, and a conjugated diene compound alone or a conjugated diene compound and an aromatic vinyl compound are anionically polymerized to produce a target polymer.
- a halogen-containing monomer and activate a halogen atom in the polymer with an organometallic compound.
- it is also effective to lithiate a bromine moiety of a copolymer containing an isobutylene unit, a paramethylstyrene unit and a parabromomethylstyrene unit to form an active site.
- conjugated diene compound examples include 1,3-butadiene, isoprene, 1.3-pentadiene, 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene, 2-phenyl-1,3-butadiene, 1,3-hexadiene, and the like. Is mentioned. These may be used singly or in combination of two or more, among which 1,3-butadiene, isoprene and 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene are particularly preferred.
- aromatic vinyl compound used for copolymerization with these conjugated diene compounds examples include styrene, ⁇ -methylstyrene, 1-vinylnaphthalene, 3-vinyltoluene, ethylvinylbenzene, divinylbenzene, 4-cyclohexane.
- examples include xylstyrene and 2,4,6-trimethylstyrene. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more, but among these, styrene is particularly preferred.
- the use of 1,3-butadiene and styrene, respectively makes practical use such as easy availability of monomers, and
- the anionic polymerization property is particularly suitable because it is excellent in terms of living property and the like.
- the monomer concentration in the solvent is preferably 5 to 50% by mass, more preferably 10 to 30% by mass.
- the content of the aromatic vinyl compound in the charged monomer mixture is preferably in the range of 0 to 55% by mass.
- the lithium compound of the polymerization initiator is not particularly limited, but hydrocarbyl lithium and lithium amide compounds are preferably used.
- hydrocarbyl lithium When the former hydrocarbyl lithium is used, it has a hydrocarbyl group at the polymerization initiation terminal and the other terminal.
- a conjugated diene polymer having a polymerization active site is obtained.
- the latter lithium amide compound When the latter lithium amide compound is used, a conjugated diene polymer having a nitrogen-containing group at the polymerization initiation terminal and the other terminal being a polymerization active site is obtained.
- the hydrocarbyl lithium and lithium amide compound are as shown in the above-described method for producing a modified conjugated diene (co) polymer of the present invention.
- the conjugated diene compound or the conjugated diene compound and the aromatic vinyl compound are
- a hydrocarbon solvent such as an aliphatic, alicyclic, or aromatic hydrocarbon compound
- the conjugated diene compound or the conjugated diene compound and the aromatic vinyl compound are
- the desired conjugated diene polymer can be obtained by anionic polymerization in the presence of the randomizer used, if desired, using a lithium compound as a polymerization initiator.
- the hydrocarbon solvent is preferably one having 3 to 8 carbon atoms.
- the randomizer used as desired is control of the microstructure of the conjugated diene polymer, such as an increase in 1,2 bonds in the butadiene portion in the butadiene-styrene copolymer, an increase in 3,4 bonds in the isoprene polymer, or the like. It is a compound having an action of controlling the composition distribution of monomer units in a conjugated diene compound-aromatic vinyl compound copolymer, for example, randomizing butadiene units and styrene units in a butadiene-styrene copolymer.
- the randomizer is not particularly limited, and any one of known compounds generally used as a conventional randomizer can be appropriately selected and used.
- potassium salts such as potassium-t-amylate and potassium-t-butoxide
- sodium salts such as sodium-t-amylate
- One of these randomizers may be used alone, or two or more thereof may be used in combination.
- the amount used is preferably selected in the range of 0.01 to 1000 molar equivalents per mole of lithium compound.
- the temperature in this polymerization reaction is preferably selected in the range of 0 to 150 ° C, more preferably 20 to 130 ° C.
- the polymerization reaction can be carried out under generated pressure, but it is usually desirable to operate at a pressure sufficient to keep the monomer in a substantially liquid phase. That is, the pressure depends on the particular material being polymerized, the polymerization medium used and the polymerization temperature, but higher pressures can be used if desired, such pressure being a gas that is inert with respect to the polymerization reaction. Can be obtained by an appropriate method such as pressurizing.
- the glass transition temperature (Tg) obtained by differential thermal analysis of the obtained polymer or copolymer is preferably ⁇ 95 ° C. to ⁇ 15 ° C.
- R 26 to R 36 are each independently a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms
- R 37 is an alkylene group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms
- a 21 and A 22 are each independently a reactive group.
- the hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms is as described for R 21 in the general formula (11) and R 23 in the general formula (12).
- Examples of the alkylene group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms represented by R 37 include a methylene group, an ethylene group, a propane-1,3-diyl group, a butane-1,3-diyl group, and a butane-1,4-diyl group.
- Pentane-1,3-diyl group pentane-1,5-diyl group, hexane-1,3-diyl group, hexane-1,6-diyl group, heptane-1,3-diyl group, heptane-1, 7-diyl group, octane-1,8-diyl group, nonane-1,9-diyl group, decane-1,10-diyl group, cyclopentane-1,3-diyl group, cyclohexane-1,4-diyl group Etc.
- examples of the modifier include N, N-bis (trimethylsilyl) aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane and N, N-bis (trimethylsilyl).
- examples of the modifier include N, N-bis (trimethylsilyl) aminopropylmethylmethoxychlorosilane and N, N-bis (trimethylsilyl) aminopropylmethyl.
- examples include ethoxychlorosilane, N, N-bis (trimethylsilyl) aminoethylmethylmethoxychlorosilane, N, N-bis (trimethylsilyl) aminoethylmethylethoxychlorosilane, and the like.
- Preferred examples of the modifier include N, N-bis (trimethylsilyl) aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane, N, N-bis (trimethylsilyl) aminopropylmethyldiethoxysilane, 1-trimethylsilyl-2,2-ethoxymethyl-1 -Aza-2-silacyclopentane, 3- (2,2,5,5-tetramethyl (1-aza-2,5-disilacyclopentan-1-yl) propylmethyldiethoxysilane.
- the modifier may be a partial condensate.
- the partial condensate refers to a product in which a part (but not all) of Si—OR of the modifier is Si—O—Si bonded by condensation.
- the conjugated diene polymer to be used has at least 10% of polymer chains having a living property.
- the amount of the modifying agent is preferably 0.5 to 200 mmol / kg / conjugated diene polymer.
- the content is more preferably 1 to 100 mmol / kg ⁇ conjugated diene polymer, and particularly preferably 2 to 50 mmol / kg ⁇ conjugated diene polymer.
- the conjugated diene polymer means the mass of only a polymer that does not contain an additive such as an anti-aging agent added during or after the production.
- the addition method of the modifier is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a batch addition method, a division addition method, a continuous addition method, and the like. preferable.
- a hydrolysis reaction and a deprotection reaction are carried out to obtain a hydrocarbyloxy group bonded to the Si atom, a halogen atom or the like.
- the hydrolyzable functional group is converted to a hydroxyl group, and the protected primary amino group is deprotected to convert to a free primary amine.
- the hydrolysis reaction is preferably performed by adding a basic compound and water. A basic compound and water may be added simultaneously, but first, a basic compound or an aqueous solution of a basic compound is added to the polymerization reaction system, and it is confirmed that the pH is 9 to 13, preferably 10 to 11.
- a molar amount of water exceeding the molar amount of Li of the initiator for example, 2 to 4 times the molar amount of water is added, and the polymerization reaction system is stirred until hydrolysis is completed, for example, for 10 minutes to several hours. Is good.
- alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide are preferable from the viewpoint of cost, and sodium hydroxide is particularly preferable.
- BHT 2,6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol
- a modified conjugated diene having a molecular chain terminal having a structure represented by the above general formula (11) is obtained by performing a desolvation treatment such as steam stripping or vacuum drying treatment to reduce the partial pressure of the solvent by blowing water vapor.
- a polymer (a-1) is obtained.
- Modified conjugated diene polymer (a-2) In the rubber composition II of the present invention, the modified conjugated diene polymer (a-2) used for the rubber component (A) has a molecular chain terminal represented by the following general formula (12):
- R 23 is a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms
- R 24 is an alkylene group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms
- R 25 is a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a hydrocarbyl carboxyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, An —OH group or a 1,3-dicarbonyl-containing group having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, and a plurality of R 25 may be the same or different (provided that one R 25 is an —OH group; The other R 25 is preferably other than —OH group).
- M represents Ti, Sn, Al, Si, or Bi
- k is ⁇ (valence of M) ⁇ 2 ⁇
- n is 0 or 1.
- the hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms represented by R 23 and the hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms out of R 25 are as described for R 21 in the general formula (11).
- the alkylene group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms represented by R 24 is as described for R 22 in the general formula (11).
- -(polymer) is a polymer chain of a conjugated diene polymer.
- the modified conjugated diene polymer (a-2) having the structure represented by the general formula (12) at the molecular chain end can be efficiently produced according to the present invention.
- (a) one hydrocarbyloxy group and one reactive group are present at the active terminal of the conjugated diene polymer having an active terminal.
- a modified conjugated diene polymer (a-2) represented by the general formula (12) is obtained by performing a condensation reaction involving a compound, and (c) a hydrolysis reaction and a deprotection reaction. Obtainable.
- the modification reaction step in the step (a) is the same as the modification reaction in the production method of the modified conjugated diene polymer (a-1) described above.
- a compound containing a bifunctional silicon atom used in step (a) is involved in the presence of a condensation accelerator. A step of performing a condensation reaction is performed.
- At least one metal compound selected from titanium, tin, aluminum, silicon, zirconium and bismuth is preferred as the condensation accelerator. More specifically, tetravalent titanium alkoxides, carboxylates and acetylacetonate complex salts, or mixed salts thereof are preferably cited as titanium-based, and divalent tin dicarboxylic acid ⁇
- Preferred examples include salt hydroxide.
- the hydrocarbyl group bonded to tin preferably has 4 or more carbon atoms, and particularly preferably has 4 to 8 carbon atoms.
- preferred examples of the aluminum system include trivalent aluminum alkoxides, carboxylates and acetylacetonate complex salts, or mixed salts thereof.
- the condensation accelerator at least one selected from metal alkoxides, carboxylates and acetylacetonate complex salts selected from titanium, tin and aluminum, or mixed salts thereof is preferable.
- titanium is particularly preferred, and titanium (Ti) alkoxides, carboxylates and acetylacetonate complex salts are preferably used.
- titanium-based condensation accelerator tin-based condensation accelerator
- aluminum-based condensation accelerator aluminum-based condensation accelerator
- bismuth-based condensation accelerator zirconium-based condensation accelerator
- zirconium-based condensation accelerator examples include the production of the modified conjugated diene (co) polymer of the present invention described above. What was illustrated in the method can be mentioned.
- the condensation accelerator and water are used in combination.
- Water is preferably used in the form of a solution such as a simple substance or alcohol, or a dispersed micelle in a hydrocarbon solvent, and if necessary, in the reaction system such as adsorbed water on the solid surface or hydrated water of hydrate.
- Water that is potentially contained in a compound capable of releasing water can also be used effectively. Accordingly, it is also preferable to use a compound that can easily release water, such as a solid having adsorbed water or a hydrate, in combination with the condensation accelerator.
- the condensation accelerator and water may be added separately to the reaction system or mixed immediately before use as a mixture, but long-term storage of the mixture is not preferable because it causes decomposition of the metal compound.
- water may be charged into the reaction system as a solution of an organic solvent compatible with water such as alcohol, or water may be directly injected and dispersed into the hydrocarbon solution using various chemical engineering techniques. You may let them. Water may be added by steam stripping or the like after completion of the condensation reaction.
- the amount of the condensation accelerator used is preferably such that the number of moles of the condensation accelerator is 0.1 to 10 as the molar ratio to the total amount of hydrocarbyloxy groups present in the reaction system, preferably 0.5 to 5 Is particularly preferred.
- the number of moles of water is preferably 0.1 or more as a molar ratio to the total amount of hydrocarboxysilyl groups present in the reaction system. The upper limit depends on the purpose and reaction conditions, but there must be 0.5 to 3 molar equivalents of effective water based on the amount of hydrocarboxysilyl groups bound to the polymer active site before the condensation treatment. Is preferred.
- the condensation reaction using the condensation accelerator is preferably performed at a temperature of 20 ° C. or higher, and more preferably in the range of 30 to 120 ° C.
- the reaction time is more preferably in the range of 0.5 minutes to 10 hours, preferably 0.5 minutes to 5 hours, more preferably about 0.5 to 120 minutes, and 3 to 60 minutes.
- the pressure in the reaction system during the condensation reaction is usually 0.01 to 20 MPa, preferably 0.05 to 10 MPa.
- the type of the condensation reaction is not particularly limited, and the reaction may be carried out continuously using a batch type reactor or an apparatus such as a multistage continuous reactor. Moreover, you may perform this condensation reaction and a desolvent simultaneously. After performing the condensation reaction in this way, a hydrolysis reaction and a deprotection reaction are performed as step (c). This hydrolysis reaction and deprotection reaction can be carried out in the same manner as described above for the production of the modified conjugated diene polymer (a-1).
- the rubber component (A) in the rubber composition II of the present invention is the modified conjugated diene polymer (a-1) obtained as described above and having a molecular chain terminal represented by the general formula (11). May be used singly or in combination of two or more, and the modified conjugated diene polymer (a-2) represented by the general formula (12) may be used singly, or two You may use in combination of a seed or more.
- one or more modified conjugated diene polymers (a-1) and one or more modified conjugated diene polymers (a-2) may be used in combination.
- the content of the modified conjugated diene polymer (a-1) and / or (a-2) in the rubber component (A) is preferably 10% by mass or more, and more preferably 50% by mass or more.
- the content of the modified conjugated diene polymer is 10% by mass or more, the effect of the present invention is exhibited well.
- rubber components used in combination with the modified conjugated diene polymer (a-1) and / or (a-2) used in the rubber composition II of the present invention include natural rubber, synthetic isoprene rubber, butadiene rubber. Styrene-butadiene rubber, ethylene- ⁇ -olefin copolymer rubber, ethylene- ⁇ -olefin-diene copolymer rubber, acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer rubber, chlorobrene rubber, halogenated butyl rubber, and mixtures thereof. Further, some of them may have a branched structure by using a polyfunctional type, for example, a modifier such as tin tetrachloride or silicon tetrachloride.
- the modified conjugated diene polymers (a-1) and (a-2) used in the rubber composition II of the present invention have a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 50 ⁇ 10 3 to 1,000 ⁇ 10 3. Preferably, it is 100 ⁇ 10 3 to 600 ⁇ 10 3 . Moreover, it is preferable that molecular weight distribution (Mw / Mn) is 5 or less, and it is more preferable that it is 3 or less.
- the weight average molecular weight of the modified conjugated diene polymer within the above range, the elastic modulus of the vulcanizate is reduced and the increase in hysteresis loss is suppressed to obtain excellent fracture resistance, and the modified conjugated diene polymer is Excellent kneading workability of the rubber composition to be contained can be obtained. Further, even if the modified conjugated diene polymer is blended with the rubber composition by making the molecular weight distribution of the modified conjugated diene polymer within the above range, the workability of the rubber composition is not lowered and kneading is performed. And the physical properties of the rubber composition can be sufficiently improved.
- Mw weight average molecular weight
- HLC-8020 refractometer
- the modified conjugated diene polymers (a-1) and (a-2) used in the rubber composition II of the present invention have a vinyl bond content in the conjugated diene part from the viewpoint of improving the durability of the rubber composition. 50% or less, more preferably 30% or less.
- the vinyl bond content was determined by an infrared method (Morero method).
- the Japan Rubber Association aims to reduce the generation of volatile organic compounds (VOC) to the current 65%.
- the amount of volatile organic compound (VOC) generated by the following method is preferably 65% or less, more preferably 50% or less, and 35 % Or less is particularly preferable. If the amount of VOC generated exceeds the current 65%, bubbles may be generated in the rubber material in the extrusion process, and the burden on the environment increases, which is not preferable.
- ⁇ VOC measurement method A sample was treated with a siloxane hydrolysis reagent consisting of 0.2 mol / L toluenesulfonic acid / 0.24 mol / L water in a solvent consisting of 15% by mass n-butanol and 85% by mass toluene, and an unvulcanized rubber composition
- a siloxane hydrolysis reagent consisting of 0.2 mol / L toluenesulfonic acid / 0.24 mol / L water in a solvent consisting of 15% by mass n-butanol and 85% by mass toluene
- the stoichiometric amount of ethanol from [EtOSi] remaining in the product is measured by headspace / gas chromatography.
- (B) carbon black having a nitrogen adsorption specific surface area (N 2 SA) of 20 to 100 m 2 / g with respect to 100 parts by mass of the (A) rubber component is 10 to Used at a ratio of 100 parts by mass.
- the modified conjugated diene polymers (a-1) and (a-2) used in the rubber composition II of the present invention have a free primary amino group at the end of the molecular chain. is especially for N 2 SA is 100 m 2 / g or less of carbon black, showed a very high interaction gives a rubber composition having excellent low heat generating property (low fuel consumption performance), N 2 SA is 100 m 2 / The effect is not sufficiently exhibited for carbon black exceeding g.
- the N 2 SA is preferably 20 ⁇ 95m 2 / g, more preferably from 25 ⁇ 90m 2 / g.
- the N 2 SA is a value measured according to JIS K 6217-2: 2001. Examples of such carbon black include HAF, FEF, GPF, SRF, N339, IISAF-HS (N285), and the like.
- the carbon black content is preferably 20 to 80 parts by mass, more preferably 30 to 70 parts by mass.
- the rubber composition II of the present invention is preferably sulfur crosslinkable, and sulfur is suitably used as a vulcanizing agent.
- the amount used is preferably 0.1 to 10 parts by mass of sulfur (the total amount of sulfur and sulfur donors) per 100 parts by mass of the rubber component. This is because, within this range, the necessary elastic modulus and strength of the vulcanized rubber composition can be secured and low fuel consumption can be obtained. From this viewpoint, it is more preferable to add 0.5 to 5 parts by mass of sulfur.
- a vulcanizing agent other than sulfur for example, a vulcanizing agent other than sulfur, a vulcanization accelerator, a process oil, and the like, as long as the object of the present invention is not impaired.
- a plasticizer, an antioxidant, a scorch inhibitor, zinc white, stearic acid, a thermosetting resin, a thermoplastic resin, and the like can be contained.
- the vulcanization accelerator that can be used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include M (2-mercaptobenzothiazole), DM (dibenzothiazyl disulfide), and CZ (N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazyl).
- Sulfenamide) or guanidine vulcanization accelerators such as DPG (diphenylguanidine) can be used, and the amount used is 0.1-5. 0 parts by mass is preferable, and 0.2 to 3.0 parts by mass is more preferable.
- examples of the process oil used as a softening agent that can be used in the rubber composition II of the present invention include paraffinic, naphthenic, and aromatic oils. Aromatics are used for applications that emphasize tensile strength and wear resistance, and naphthenic or paraffinic systems are used for applications that emphasize hysteresis loss and low-temperature characteristics.
- the amount used is preferably 0 to 100 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the rubber component, and if it is 100 parts by mass or less, the deterioration of the tensile strength and low heat build-up (low fuel consumption) of the vulcanized rubber is suppressed. can do.
- examples of the antioxidant that can be used in the rubber composition II of the present invention include 3C (N-isopropyl-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, 6C [N- (1,3-dimethylbutyl) -N ′). -Phenyl-p-phenylenediamine], AW (6-ethoxy-2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline), high-temperature condensate of diphenylamine and acetone, etc.
- the amount is preferably from 0.1 to 6.0 parts by weight, more preferably from 0.3 to 5.0 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the rubber component.
- the rubber composition II of the present invention is obtained by kneading using a kneading machine such as a Banbury mixer, a roll, an internal mixer, and the like according to the above-mentioned blending recipe, and after molding, vulcanization is performed, for example, a tire, In particular, it is used as a sidewall of a pneumatic tire, a side reinforcing layer, a bead filler, and the like.
- the tire II of the present invention is manufactured by a method for manufacturing a normal pneumatic tire, a run flat tire, or the like using the rubber composition II of the present invention as a sidewall, a side reinforcing layer, a bead filler, or the like. That is, as described above, the rubber composition of the present invention containing various chemicals is processed into each member at an unvulcanized stage, pasted and molded by a normal method on a tire molding machine, and a raw tire is molded. The The green tire is heated and pressed in a vulcanizer to obtain a tire. The tire II of the present invention thus obtained has reduced rolling resistance during normal running and improved fuel efficiency. Moreover, if it is used for the side reinforcing layer or bead filler of the run flat tire, run flat durability is improved in addition to low fuel consumption during normal driving.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a cross section of one embodiment of the tire of the present invention.
- a preferred embodiment of the tire III of the present invention is such that at least one radial carcass that is connected in a toroid shape between a pair of bead cores 1, 1 ′ and whose both ends wind up the bead core 1 from the inside to the outside of the tire.
- a tread rubber layer 4 that forms a ground contact portion; a belt layer 5 that is disposed between the tread rubber layer 4 and the crown region of the carcass layer 2 to form a reinforcing belt;
- An inner liner 6 disposed to form an airtight membrane, the carcass layer 2 main body portion extending from one bead core 1 to the other bead core 1 ′;
- the bead filler 7 disposed between the winding portion wound up on the core 1 and the side of the bead filler 7 in the side region of the carcass layer from the shoulder region 10 to the carcass layer 2 and the inner liner 6.
- a tire including at least one side reinforcing layer 8 having a cross-sectional shape along the tire rotation axis and having a substantially crescent shape therebetween, the side reinforcing layer 8 and / or the bead filler 7 having the book described above.
- 10 to 100 parts by mass of carbon black having a nitrogen adsorption specific surface area of 20 to 90 m 2 / g is blended with 100 parts by mass of the rubber component containing 10% by mass or more of the modified conjugated diene (co) polymer I of the invention.
- the rubber composition III is used.
- the modified conjugated diene (co) polymer I used in the rubber composition III includes an alkoxysilane having a terminal of a conjugated diene polymer and a primary amino group or a precursor capable of generating a primary amino group by hydrolysis.
- a precursor capable of producing a primary amino group or a primary amino group by hydrolysis is introduced at the terminal by a modification reaction with a compound, and a condensation accelerator is added to the modification reaction system during and / or after the modification reaction.
- the modified conjugated diene polymer III obtained by being added is preferable.
- a precursor capable of generating a primary amino group by hydrolysis is introduced into the terminal by a modification reaction, which is introduced in a state before hydrolysis (that is, in a protected state).
- a modified conjugated diene polymer modified with an alkoxysilane compound having no primary amino group has a high interaction with silica, but has a low interaction with carbon black, and therefore has a low reinforcing property of carbon black.
- a modified conjugated diene polymer modified with an alkoxysilane compound having a primary amino group has a high carbon black reinforcing property because the interaction between the primary amino group and carbon black is high.
- the modified conjugated diene polymer modified with an alkoxysilane compound generally reacts with each other to increase the amount of polymer, thereby increasing the viscosity of the unvulcanized rubber composition and deteriorating the workability.
- a modified conjugated diene polymer modified with an alkoxysilane compound having a primary amino group wherein a condensation accelerator is added to the reaction system during and / or after the modification reaction
- the modified conjugated diene polymer III in which the condensation reaction has proceeded in the presence of water prevents excessive increase in the amount, so that the viscosity of the unvulcanized rubber composition is not increased and the processability is not deteriorated.
- the modified conjugated diene polymer III it is preferable that 10 parts by mass or more of the modified conjugated diene polymer III is contained in 100 parts by mass of the rubber component. If the content of the modified conjugated diene polymer III in 100 parts by mass of the rubber component is 10% by mass or more, the low heat build-up of the rubber composition is exhibited, durability during run-flat running and rolling during normal running Resistance will be improved. In order to further enhance the low heat build-up of the rubber composition, the content of the modified conjugated diene polymer III is more preferably 52% by mass or more, and 55% by mass or more in 100 parts by mass of the rubber component. Is particularly preferred.
- the conjugated diene polymer III according to the present invention is obtained by copolymerizing a conjugated diene compound alone or a conjugated diene compound and an aromatic vinyl compound, and the production method is not particularly limited, and is a solution polymerization method. Any of the gas phase polymerization method and the bulk polymerization method can be used, but the solution polymerization method is particularly preferable.
- the polymerization method may be either a batch method or a continuous method, but the batch method is desirable in order to narrow the molecular weight distribution.
- the glass transition temperature of the conjugated diene polymer is preferably ⁇ 30 ° C. or lower.
- conjugated diene compound examples include 1.3-butadiene; isoprene: 1.3-pentadiene: 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene: 2-phenyl-1,3-butadiene: 1, 3-hexadiene, and the like. Is mentioned. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more, and among these, 1,3-butadiene is particularly preferred.
- aromatic vinyl compound used for copolymerization with the conjugated diene compound examples include styrene: ⁇ -methylstyrene: 1-vinylnaphthalene; 3-vinyltoluene; ethylvinylbenzene: divinylbenzene: 4-cyclohexylstyrene. 2,4,6-trimethylstyrene and the like. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more, but among these, styrene is particularly preferred.
- a primary amino group is produced by the reaction of the terminal of the living conjugated diene polymer in an unstopped state of the polymerization reaction (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “active terminal”) with a modifier, or by hydrolysis.
- active terminal the terminal of the living conjugated diene polymer in an unstopped state of the polymerization reaction
- the polymer to be used has at least 10% of polymer chains having living property or pseudo-living property.
- Such a polymerization reaction having a living property is a reaction in which an alkali metal compound is used as an initiator and a conjugated diene compound alone or an anionic polymerization of a conjugated diene compound and an aromatic vinyl compound in an organic solvent, or a lanthanum series rare earth. Examples thereof include a reaction in which a conjugated diene compound alone or a conjugated diene compound and an aromatic vinyl compound are coordinately anionic polymerized using a catalyst containing an element compound.
- a lithium compound is preferable.
- the lithium compound is not particularly limited, but hydrocarbyl lithium and lithium amide compounds are preferably used.
- hydrocarbyl lithium When the former hydrocarbyl lithium is used, it has a hydrocarbyl group at the polymerization initiation terminal and the other terminal is a polymerization active site. A conjugated diene polymer is obtained.
- the latter lithium amide compound When the latter lithium amide compound is used, a conjugated diene polymer having a nitrogen-containing group at the polymerization initiation terminal and the other terminal being a polymerization active site is obtained.
- the hydrocarbyl lithium and lithium amide compound are as described in the above-described method for producing a modified conjugated diene (co) polymer of the present invention.
- the lithium amide compound can be used as a polymerization initiator after it has been produced in advance, and as disclosed in JP-A-06-199921, the lithium amide compound can be used in the polymerization system (in situ) without preconditioning.
- a compound can also be produced and used as a polymerization initiator.
- the amount of the polymerization initiator used is preferably selected in the range of 0.2 to 20 mmol per 100 g of monomer.
- a conventionally well-known method can be used. Specifically, in an organic solvent inert to the reaction, for example, a hydrocarbon solvent such as an aliphatic, alicyclic, or aromatic hydrocarbon compound, the conjugated diene compound or the conjugated diene compound and the aromatic vinyl compound are If desired, a conjugated diene polymer having an active terminal can be obtained by anionic polymerization in the presence of a randomizer to be used, if desired, using a lithium compound as a polymerization initiator.
- a hydrocarbon solvent such as an aliphatic, alicyclic, or aromatic hydrocarbon compound
- a lithium compound when used as a polymerization initiator, not only a conjugated diene polymer having an active terminal but also a conjugated compound having an active terminal compared to the case of using a catalyst containing a lanthanum series rare earth element compound described above.
- a copolymer of a diene compound and an aromatic vinyl compound can also be obtained efficiently.
- the hydrocarbon solvent is preferably one having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, such as propane, n-butane, isobutane, n-pentane, isopentane, n-hexane, cyclohexane, propene, 1-butene, isobutene, trans-2.
- the monomer concentration in the solvent is preferably 5 to 50% by mass, more preferably 10 to 30% by mass.
- the content of the aromatic vinyl compound in the charged monomer mixture is preferably in the range of 55% by mass or less.
- the randomizer used as desired is control of the microstructure of the conjugated diene polymer, such as an increase in 1,2 bonds in the butadiene portion in the butadiene-styrene copolymer, an increase in 3,4 bonds in the isoprene polymer, or the like. It is a compound having an action of controlling the composition distribution of monomer units in a conjugated diene compound-aromatic vinyl compound copolymer, for example, randomizing butadiene units and styrene units in a butadiene-styrene copolymer.
- the randomizer is not particularly limited, and any one of known compounds generally used as a conventional randomizer can be appropriately selected and used.
- potassium salts such as potassium t-amylate and potassium t-butoxide
- sodium salts such as sodium t-amylate can also be used.
- randomizers may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the amount used is preferably selected in the range of 0.01 to 1000 molar equivalents per mole of lithium compound.
- the temperature in this polymerization reaction is preferably selected in the range of 0 to 150 ° C., more preferably 20 to 130 ° C.
- the polymerization reaction can be carried out under generated pressure, but it is usually desirable to operate at a pressure sufficient to keep the monomer in a substantially liquid phase. That is, the pressure depends on the particular material being polymerized, the polymerization medium used and the polymerization temperature, but higher pressures can be used if desired, such pressure being a gas that is inert with respect to the polymerization reaction. Can be obtained by an appropriate method such as pressurizing.
- the polymer having an active end thus obtained is added with a modifying agent described later, preferably in a stoichiometric amount or in excess of the active end of the polymer, It reacts with the active end bonded to the polymer.
- An alkoxysilane compound having a precursor capable of generating a primary amino group by hydrolysis is used as a modifier for efficiently introducing a primary amino group into the active terminal.
- N N-bis (trimethylsilyl) aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane, 1-trimethylsilyl-2,2-dimethoxy-1-aza-2-silacyclopentane
- N N-bis (trimethylsilyl) aminopropyltrimethoxysilane
- N N-bis (trimethylsilyl) aminopropyltriethoxysilane
- N, N-bis (trimethylsilyl) aminopropylmethyldiethoxysilane N, N-bis (trimethylsilyl) aminoethyltrimethoxysilane
- N N-bis (trimethylsilyl)
- Examples thereof include aminoethyltriethoxysilane, N, N-bis (trimethylsilyl) aminoethylmethyldimethoxysilane, and N, N
- These modifiers are: You may use individually by 1 type and may be used in combination of 2 or more types.
- the modifier may be a partial condensate.
- the partial condensate means a product in which a part (not all) of the modifier SiOR is SiOSi bonded by condensation.
- the amount of the modifying agent used is preferably 0.5 to 200 mmol / kg ⁇ conjugated diene polymer.
- the amount used is more preferably 1 to 100 mmol / kg ⁇ conjugated diene polymer, and particularly preferably 2 to 50 mmol / kg ⁇ conjugated diene polymer.
- the conjugated diene polymer means the mass of only a polymer that does not contain an additive such as an anti-aging agent added during or after the production.
- the method for adding the modifier is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a batch addition method, a division addition method, a continuous addition method, and the like. preferable.
- the modifier can be bonded to any of the polymer main chain and side chain in addition to the polymerization initiation terminal and the polymerization termination terminal, but it can improve the low heat build-up by suppressing energy loss from the polymer terminal. Therefore, it is preferably introduced at the polymerization initiation terminal or the polymerization termination terminal.
- a specific condensation accelerator is preferably used in order to promote a condensation reaction involving an alkoxysilane compound having a precursor capable of generating a primary amino group by hydrolysis used as the modifier.
- a condensation accelerator include a compound containing a tertiary amino group, or among group 3, 4, 5, 12, 13, 14, and 15 of the periodic table (long period type).
- An organic compound containing one or more elements belonging to any of the above can be used.
- the condensation accelerator used here can be added before the modification reaction, but is preferably added to the modification reaction system during and / or after the modification reaction. When added before the denaturation reaction, a direct reaction with the active end may occur, and a hydrocarboxy group having a precursor capable of generating a primary amino group by hydrolysis may not be introduced at the active end.
- the addition time of the condensation accelerator is usually 5 minutes to 5 hours after the start of the modification reaction, preferably 15 minutes to 1 hour after the start of the modification reaction.
- condensation accelerator containing titanium examples include the modified conjugated dienes of the present invention described above (co-polymers).
- condensation accelerators titanium compounds are preferred, and titanium metal alkoxides, titanium metal carboxylates, or titanium metal acetylacetonate complex salts are particularly preferred.
- the amount of the condensation accelerator used is preferably such that the number of moles of the compound is 0.1 to 10 as a molar ratio to the total amount of hydrocarbyloxy groups present in the reaction system, preferably 0.5 to 5. Particularly preferred. By setting the use amount of the condensation accelerator within the above range, the condensation reaction proceeds efficiently.
- the condensation reaction in the present invention proceeds in the presence of the above-described condensation accelerator and water vapor or water.
- An example of the presence of water vapor is a solvent removal treatment by steam stripping, and the condensation reaction proceeds during steam stripping.
- the condensation reaction may be carried out in a system in which water is dispersed as droplets in an organic solvent or in an aqueous solution, and the condensation reaction temperature is preferably 20 to 180 ° C., more preferably 30 to 170 ° C., still more preferably. The temperature is 50 to 170 ° C, particularly preferably 80 to 150 ° C.
- the condensation reaction can be efficiently advanced and completed, and the deterioration of the quality due to the aging reaction of the polymer due to the change over time of the resulting modified conjugated diene polymer can be suppressed. Can do.
- the condensation reaction time is usually about 5 minutes to 10 hours, preferably about 15 minutes to 5 hours. By setting the condensation reaction time within the above range, the condensation reaction can be completed smoothly.
- the pressure in the reaction system during the condensation reaction is usually 0.01 to 20 MPa, preferably 0.05 to 10 MPa.
- limiting in particular about the format in the case of performing a condensation reaction in aqueous solution You may carry out by a continuous type using apparatuses, such as a batch type reactor and a multistage continuous type reactor. Moreover, you may perform this condensation reaction and a desolvent simultaneously.
- the primary amino group derived from the modifying agent of the modified conjugated diene polymer III in the present invention is generated by performing a hydrolysis treatment as described above. That is, by hydrolyzing a precursor that can generate a primary amino group by hydrolysis, the protecting group on the primary amino group is converted to a free primary amino group.
- the first step may be carried out by hydrolysis derived from a modifying agent at any stage from the stage including the condensation treatment to the solvent removal to the dry polymer, if necessary.
- the precursor capable of generating an amino group can be hydrolyzed (that is, the protected primary amino group is deprotected). However, for the reasons described above, the precursor capable of generating the primary amino group of the modified conjugated diene polymer need not be hydrolyzed.
- an alkoxysilane-modified butadiene polymer that does not perform the above condensation reaction generates VOC in a relatively large amount.
- the alkoxysilane-modified butadiene polymer obtained by the condensation reaction according to the present invention can reduce the generation of volatile organic compounds (VOC), so that it is difficult for the porous process to occur in the extrusion process.
- VOC volatile organic compounds
- the process workability is good and at the same time the environmental load is small.
- General anti-aging agents N- (1,3-dimethylbutyl) -N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, phenolic anti-aging agents such as BHT, etc.
- BHT phenolic anti-aging agents
- the Mooney viscosity (ML 1 + 4 , 100 ° C.) of the modified conjugated diene polymer III obtained as described above is preferably 10 to 150, more preferably 15 to 100.
- the Mooney viscosity (ML 1 + 4 , 130 ° C.) of the unvulcanized rubber composition according to the present invention in which the modified conjugated diene polymer is blended is preferably 10 to 150, more preferably 15 to 100. .
- Ratio (Mw) of polystyrene-converted weight average molecular weight (Mw) and number average molecular weight (Mn) before modification measured by gel permeation chromatography of the modified conjugated diene polymer III used in the rubber composition III according to the present invention / (Mn) is preferably from 1.02 to 2.0, more preferably from 1.02 to 1.5.
- the term “before modification” refers to a case where the active end of the unmodified conjugated diene polymer is isolated according to a conventional method before reacting with a polymerization terminator or a modifier. Moreover, what is necessary is just to pull out the amount of unmodified conjugated diene polymers necessary for measurement from the polymerization reaction solution, for example.
- the modified conjugated diene polymer III used in the rubber composition III according to the present invention preferably has a number average molecular weight (Mn) before modification of 100,000 to 500,000, preferably 120,000 to 300. More preferably, it is 1,000.
- Mn number average molecular weight
- the modified conjugated diene polymer III before modification within the above range, the elastic modulus of the vulcanizate is reduced, and an increase in hysteresis loss is suppressed to obtain excellent fracture resistance. Excellent kneading workability of the rubber composition containing the diene polymer can be obtained.
- the modified conjugated diene polymer III used in the rubber composition III according to the present invention may be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- rubber components used in combination with the modified conjugated diene polymer III include natural rubber and other diene synthetic rubbers.
- examples of other diene synthetic rubbers include styrene-butadiene copolymers (SBR). ), Polybutadiene (BR), polyisoprene (IR), styrene-isoprene copolymer (SIR), butyl rubber (IIR), halogenated butyl rubber, ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer (EPDM) and mixtures thereof.
- SBR styrene-butadiene copolymers
- BR Polybutadiene
- IR polyisoprene
- SIR styrene-isoprene copolymer
- IIR butyl rubber
- halogenated butyl rubber ethylene-prop
- carbon black having a nitrogen adsorption specific surface area (N 2 SA) of 20 to 90 m 2 / g is used as a reinforcing filler.
- the carbon black include GPF, FEF, SRF, and HAF.
- the carbon black nitrogen adsorption specific surface area is preferably 25 to 90 m 2 / g, particularly preferably 35 to 90 m 2 / g.
- the compounding amount of these carbon blacks is 10 to 100 parts by mass, preferably 30 to 90 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the rubber component. By using such an amount of carbon black, the effect of improving various physical properties is increased.
- HAF and FEF which are excellent in fracture resistance and low heat generation property (low fuel consumption) are preferable.
- the nitrogen adsorption specific surface area of carbon black decreases, the composition becomes less exothermic (low fuel consumption), but a primary amino group is introduced into the active terminal according to the present invention, and further during the modification reaction and Alternatively, by using in combination with a modified conjugated diene polymer obtained by adding a condensation accelerator to the modification reaction system after completion, the effect of the carbon black is subtracted compared to the case where an unmodified conjugated diene polymer is used.
- the rubber composition according to the present invention is characterized by being excellent in low heat generation (low fuel consumption) and fracture resistance.
- the rubber composition III according to the present invention is sulfur crosslinkable, and sulfur is used as a vulcanizing agent.
- the amount used is preferably 1 to 10 parts by mass of sulfur per 100 parts by mass of the rubber component. This is because if the amount is less than 1 part by mass, the number of crosslinks is insufficient, the fracture resistance is deteriorated, and if it exceeds 10 parts by mass, the heat resistance is deteriorated. From this viewpoint, it is particularly preferable to add 2 to 8 parts by mass of sulfur.
- a vulcanizing agent other than sulfur for example, a vulcanizing agent other than sulfur, a vulcanization accelerator, a process oil are used as desired, as long as the object of the present invention is not impaired.
- Anti-aging agent, scorch inhibitor, zinc white, stearic acid, thermosetting resin, thermoplastic resin and the like can be contained.
- the vulcanization accelerator that can be used in the present invention is not particularly limited.
- M (2-mercaptobenzothiazole), DM (dibenzothiazyl disulfide), CZ (N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazyl) Sulfenamide) and other guanidine vulcanization accelerators such as DPG (diphenylguanidine) can be used, and the amount used is 0.1-6. 0 parts by mass is preferable, and 0.2 to 4.0 parts by mass is more preferable.
- the process oil used as a softening agent that can be used in the rubber composition III according to the present invention include paraffinic, naphthenic and aromatic oils.
- Aromatics are used for applications that emphasize tensile strength and wear resistance, and naphthenic or paraffinic systems are used for applications that emphasize hysteresis loss and low-temperature characteristics.
- the amount to be used is preferably 0 to 50 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the rubber component. can do.
- examples of the anti-aging agent that can be used in the rubber composition III according to the present invention include 3C (N-isopropyl-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, 6C [N- (1,3-dimethylbutyl) -N '-Phenyl-p-phenylenediamine], AW (6-ethoxy-2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline), high-temperature condensate of diphenylamine and acetone, etc.
- the amount is preferably 0.1 to 5.0 parts by weight, more preferably 0.3 to 4.0 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the rubber component.
- the rubber composition III according to the present invention is obtained by kneading using a kneading machine such as a Banbury mixer, a roll, an internal mixer or the like according to the above compounding prescription, vulcanizing after molding, and FIG. Used as the side reinforcing layer 8 and / or the bead filler 7 of the tire.
- a kneading machine such as a Banbury mixer, a roll, an internal mixer or the like according to the above compounding prescription, vulcanizing after molding, and FIG.
- the tire III of the present invention is manufactured by an ordinary run-flat tire manufacturing method using the rubber composition III according to the present invention for the side reinforcing layer 8 and / or the bead filler 7. That is, as described above, the rubber composition according to the present invention containing various chemicals is processed into each member at an unvulcanized stage, and pasted and molded by a normal method on a tire molding machine, and a raw tire is molded. Is done. The green tire is heated and pressurized in a vulcanizer to obtain tire III. The tire III of the present invention thus obtained is excellent in both durability during run flat running and rolling resistance during normal running.
- the ratio R GPC % of the uncoupled component in GPC was calculated from the peak area of the base equivalent component in comparison with the amount of injected sample of GPC .
- the difference between M (%) and R GPC % was determined, and this was calculated with the silanol production number being 100.
- the number average molecular weight used for the silanol production rate the number average molecular weight obtained from GPC calibrated by the Mark-Houwink equation was applied.
- the tan ⁇ of Comparative Example 1 was set to 100, and indexed by the following formula. A smaller index value indicates a lower exothermic property and a smaller hysteresis loss.
- Dynamic loss tangent (tan ⁇ ) index ⁇ (tan ⁇ of test vulcanized rubber composition) / (tan ⁇ of vulcanized rubber composition of Comparative Example 1) ⁇ ⁇ 100
- the unmodified conjugated diene (co) polymer and modified conjugated diene (co) polymer obtained in the following examples, the bound vinyl content, the bound styrene content, the weight average molecular weight (Mw), the number average molecular weight (Mn).
- Mw / Mn The molecular weight distribution (Mw / Mn) was measured by the following method. (4) Bonded vinyl content (% of total diene portion) It was determined by 270 MHz 1 H-NMR. (5) Bonded styrene content (mass% in polymer) It was determined by 270 MHz 1 H-NMR. (6) Mn, Mw and Mw / Mn It was measured by GPC [manufactured by Tosoh Corporation, HLC-8220] using a refractometer as a detector, and was shown in terms of polystyrene using monodisperse polystyrene as a standard. The column is GMHXL [manufactured by Tosoh] and the eluent is tetrahydrofuran.
- Synthesis Example 1 (Synthesis of organosilane compound a used in the modification reaction step) Prepare a 1 mol / liter cyclohexane solution of N- (1,3-dimethylbutylidene) -3- (triethoxysilyl) -1-propanamine in a dry, nitrogen-substituted 300 ml pressure-resistant glass container, By adding dropwise a 2 mol / liter diethyl ether solution of methyllithium (MeLi) so as to be twice as much as this, and stirring well, the organosilane compound a ⁇ N- (1,3-dimethylbutylidene) A modifier solution (a) of -3- (dimethylethoxysilyl) -1-propanamine ⁇ was prepared.
- N- (1,3-dimethylbutylidene) -3- (triethoxysilyl) -1-propanamine the trademark “Syra Ace S340” manufactured by Chisso Corporation
- Synthesis Example 2 (Synthesis of organosilane compound b used in the modification reaction step) A 1 mol / liter cyclohexane solution of 3-dimethylaminopropyltrimethoxysilane was prepared in a 300 ml pressure-resistant glass container that had been dried and purged with nitrogen, and 1 ml of methyllithium (MeLi) was prepared so as to be equimolar with this. A modifier solution (b) of organosilane compound b ⁇ 3-dimethylaminopropyl (dimethoxy) methylsilane ⁇ was prepared by adding dropwise a mole / liter diethyl ether solution and stirring well.
- Synthesis Example 3 (Synthesis of organosilane compound c used in the modification reaction step) Prepare a 1 mol / l cyclohexane solution of N- (3-triethoxysilylpropyl) -4,5-dihydroimidazole in a 300 ml pressure-resistant glass container that has been dried and purged with nitrogen so that it is equimolar to this. A 1 mol / liter diethyl ether solution of methyllithium (MeLi) was added dropwise thereto and stirred well to obtain a modifier solution (c) ⁇ N- (3-methyldiethoxysilylpropyl) -4 of organosilane compound c. , 5-dihydroimidazole ⁇ was prepared.
- Synthesis Example 4 (Synthesis of organosilane compound d used in the modification reaction step) A 1 mol / l cyclohexane solution of 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane was prepared in a 300 ml pressure-resistant glass container that had been dried and purged with nitrogen, and methyllithium (MeLi ) Was added dropwise and stirred well to prepare a modifier solution (d) of the organosilane compound d ⁇ (3-glycidoxypropyl) dimethylmethoxysilane ⁇ .
- Synthesis Example 5 Synthesis of organosilane compound e used in modification step
- 36 g of 3-aminopropylmethyldiethoxysilane manufactured by Gelest
- trimethylsilane chloride Aldrich
- 48 ml and 53 ml of triethylamine were added to the solution and stirred at room temperature for 17 hours, after which the solvent was removed by applying the reaction solution to an evaporator to obtain a reaction mixture.
- the obtained reaction mixture was further subjected to 5 mm / Hg conditions.
- 40 g of an organic silane compound e ⁇ N, N-bis (trimethylsilyl) aminopropylmethyldiethoxysilane ⁇ as a fraction at 130 to 135 ° C.
- Synthesis Example 6 (Synthesis of organosilane compound f used in the modification reaction step) A modifier solution of the silane compound f ⁇ 2-cyanoethyldimethylethoxysilane ⁇ in the same manner as in Synthesis Example 4 except that 2-cyanoethyltriethoxysilane was used as a raw material instead of 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane. f) was prepared.
- Production Example 1 Production of Modified Conjugated Diene Copolymer A ⁇ Production of Conjugated Diene Copolymer Having Active Ends>
- a cyclohexane solution of 1,3-butadiene and a cyclohexane solution of styrene are added to 60 g of 1,3-butadiene and 15 g of styrene, and 2,2-ditetrahydrofuryl is added.
- n-butyllithium (BuLi) n-butyllithium
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) was measured by GPC [manufactured by Tosoh Corporation, HLC-8020] using a refractometer as a detector, and indicated in terms of polystyrene using monodisperse polystyrene as a standard.
- the column is GMHXL [manufactured by Tosoh] and the eluent is tetrahydrofuran.
- Production Example 2 Production of Modified Conjugated Diene Copolymer B Modified in the same manner as in Production Example 1 except that organosilane compound b of Synthesis Example 2 was used instead of organosilane compound a used in Production Example 1.
- a conjugated diene copolymer B was obtained.
- Table 1 shows the styrene content of the modified conjugated diene copolymer B obtained, the vinyl bond content of the butadiene moiety, and the polymerization average molecular weight.
- Production Example 3 Production of Modified Conjugated Diene Copolymer C Modified in the same manner as in Production Example 1 except that the organic silane compound c of Synthesis Example 3 was used instead of the organic silane compound a used in Production Example 1.
- a conjugated diene copolymer C was obtained.
- Table 1 shows the styrene content of the modified conjugated diene copolymer C obtained, the vinyl bond content of the butadiene moiety, and the polymerization average molecular weight.
- Production Example 4 Production of Modified Conjugated Diene Copolymer D Modified in the same manner as in Production Example 1 except that organosilane compound e of Synthesis Example 5 was used instead of organosilane compound a used in Production Example 1.
- a conjugated diene copolymer D was obtained.
- Table 1 shows the styrene content of the modified conjugated diene copolymer D, the vinyl bond content of the butadiene moiety, and the polymerization average molecular weight.
- the concentration of neodymium in the catalyst solution thus obtained was 0.011 M (mol / liter).
- a glass bottle with a rubber stopper having a volume of about 900 milliliters was dried and purged with nitrogen, and a dry-purified butadiene cyclohexane solution and a dry cyclohexane were respectively added thereto, and 400 g of a 12.5 wt% cyclohexane solution of butadiene was charged.
- 2.28 ml of the prepared catalyst solution (0.025 mmol in terms of neodymium) was added, and polymerization was performed in a 50 ° C. warm water bath for 1.0 hour.
- Production Comparative Example 2 Production of Modified Conjugated Diene Copolymer G In a 800 mL pressure-resistant glass container that had been dried and purged with nitrogen, 1,3-butadiene in cyclohexane solution and styrene in cyclohexane solution, 1,3-butadiene in 60 g and styrene 15 g, 0.70 mmol of 2,2-ditetrahydrofurylpropane, 0.70 mmol of n-butyllithium (BuLi), and then polymerization reaction in a hot water bath at 50 ° C. for 1.5 hours was done. The polymerization conversion rate at this time was almost 100%.
- Production Comparative Example 4 Production of Modified Conjugated Diene Copolymer I Modified in the same manner as in Production Comparative Example 3 except that organic silane compound b of Synthesis Example 2 was used instead of organic silane compound a used in Production Comparative Example 3. A conjugated diene copolymer I was obtained. Table 1 shows the styrene content of the modified conjugated diene copolymer I obtained, the vinyl bond content of the butadiene moiety, and the polymerization average molecular weight.
- Production Comparative Example 5 Production of Modified Conjugated Diene Copolymer J Modified in the same manner as in Production Comparative Example 3 except that organic silane compound c of Synthesis Example 3 was used instead of organic silane compound a used in Production Comparative Example 3. A conjugated diene copolymer J was obtained. Table 1 shows the styrene content of the modified conjugated diene copolymer J obtained, the vinyl bond content of the butadiene moiety, and the polymerization average molecular weight.
- Production Comparative Example 6 Production of Modified Conjugated Diene Copolymer K Modified in the same manner as Production Comparative Example 3 except that organic silane compound e of Synthesis Example 5 was used instead of organic silane compound a used in Production Comparative Example 3. A conjugated diene copolymer K was obtained. Table 1 shows the styrene content of the modified conjugated diene copolymer K obtained, the vinyl bond content of the butadiene moiety, and the polymerization average molecular weight.
- Production Comparative Example 7 Production of Modified Conjugated Diene Copolymer L Modified conjugated diene copolymer in the same manner as in Production Comparative Example 3 except that tetraethoxysilane was used instead of organic silane compound a used in Production Comparative Example 3. L was obtained. Table 1 shows the styrene content of the modified conjugated diene copolymer L, the vinyl bond content of the butadiene moiety, and the polymerization average molecular weight.
- Production Comparative Example 8 Production of Modified Conjugated Diene Polymer M Similar to the production of the modified conjugated diene copolymer E of Production Example 5, a conjugated diene polymer having an active terminal was produced, and a modification reaction step was performed. Subsequently, without carrying out the hydrolysis step, instead of adding 1.2 ml of sorbitan trioleate (sugar ester: manufactured by Kanto Chemical) as a single unit, and further conducting a denaturation reaction at 50 ° C.
- sorbitan trioleate sucgar ester: manufactured by Kanto Chemical
- the reaction was stopped by adding 2 ml of a 5% solution of isopropanol 2,2′-methylene-bis (4-ethyl-6-tert-butylphenol) (NS-5) in isopropanol to the polymerization system.
- the modified conjugated diene polymer M was obtained by reprecipitation in isopropanol containing NS-5 and drum drying. Table 2 shows the vinyl bond content and polymerization average molecular weight of the resulting modified conjugated diene polymer M.
- Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 to 8 Alcohols using the modified conjugated diene copolymers A to D and GL obtained in Production Examples 1 to 4 and Production Comparative Examples 2 to 7 and the unmodified conjugated diene copolymer F obtained in Production Comparative Example 1 While measuring the volatilization amount and the silanol production rate, 22 types of rubber compositions of Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 7 were prepared according to the formulation shown in Tables 3 and 4. These 22 types of unvulcanized rubber compositions were vulcanized at 165 ° C. for 15 minutes, and then the dynamic loss tangent (tan ⁇ ) was measured. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 5 and Comparative Example were determined according to the formulation shown in Tables 3 and 4.
- Two rubber compositions of No. 8 were prepared. These two types of unvulcanized rubber compositions were vulcanized at 165 ° C. for 15 minutes, and then the dynamic loss tangent (tan ⁇ ) was measured. The results are shown in Table 2.
- Modified conjugated diene (co) polymer modified conjugated diene copolymers A to D and F to K obtained in Production Examples 1 to 4 and Production Comparative Examples 2 to 7, and obtained in Production Comparative Example 1
- Polyisoprene rubber trade name “IR2200” manufactured by JSR Corporation 3)
- Aromatic oil Trademark “Aromax # 3” manufactured by Fuji Kosan Co., Ltd. 4)
- Silica Trademark “Nipsil AQ” manufactured by Tosoh Silica Co., Ltd.
- Silane coupling agent bis (3-triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide, trade name “Si69” manufactured by Degussa 6)
- Anti-aging agent 6C N- (1,3-dimethylbutyl) -N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, manufactured by Seiko Chemical Co., Ltd.
- Trademark “Ozonon 6C” 7)
- Vulcanization accelerator DPG Diphenylguanidine, trade name “Noxeller D” manufactured by Ouchi Shinsei Chemical Co., Ltd. 8)
- Vulcanization accelerator DM Dibenzothiazyl disulfide, trade name “Noxeller DM” manufactured by Ouchi Shinsei Chemical Co., Ltd. 9)
- Vulcanization accelerator CZ N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazylsulfenamide, trade name “Noxeller CZ” manufactured by Ouchi Shinsei Chemical Co., Ltd.
- the tan ⁇ index was low (that is, tan ⁇ was small), and the low heat build-up was improved.
- the rubber composition of Example 1 is compared with the rubber composition of Comparative Example 3
- the rubber composition of Example 2 is compared with the rubber composition of Comparative Example 4
- the rubber composition of Example 3 is Compared to the rubber composition of Comparative Example 5
- the rubber composition of Example 4 has a lower tan ⁇ index (ie, lower tan ⁇ ) and lower heat generation in the silica compounding formulation than the rubber composition of Comparative Example 6. Improved.
- these 22 kinds of rubber compositions are disposed on the cap tread (tread side of the tread) of a pneumatic tire, and pneumatic tires for passenger cars having tire sizes 215 / 45ZR17 are manufactured according to ordinary methods.
- rolling resistance was measured in accordance with SAE J2452 for various types of pneumatic tires, the pneumatic tires of Examples 1 to 4 were compared with the pneumatic tires of Comparative Examples 1, 2, 4 to 7, The rolling resistance was low and the fuel efficiency was excellent.
- the rolling resistance was equal or less, and the fuel efficiency was excellent.
- the pneumatic tire of Example 1 was low in rolling resistance and excellent in fuel efficiency in comparison with the pneumatic tire of Comparative Example 3 and the silica compounding formulation.
- the amount of alcohol volatilization was not detected in the modified conjugated diene polymer of Example 5 of the present invention.
- the modified conjugated diene polymer of Comparative Example 8 a large amount of alcohol volatilization was detected.
- the rubber composition of Example 5 is the same as that of Comparative Example 8.
- the silica compounding formulation, and the carbon black compounding formulation the tan ⁇ index was low (that is, tan ⁇ was small), and the low heat build-up was improved.
- these two kinds of rubber compositions are arranged on the cap tread (tread side of the tread) of a pneumatic tire, and a winter pneumatic tire of a tire size 215 / 45ZR17 for a passenger car is manufactured according to a conventional method.
- the rolling resistance of these two types of pneumatic tires was measured in accordance with SAE J2452, the pneumatic tire of Example 5 was compared with the pneumatic tire of Comparative Example 8, the silica compounding formulation, and the carbon black compounding formulation. Also, the rolling resistance was low and the fuel efficiency was excellent.
- Example 6 Provide of Conjugated Diene Copolymer with Active End as Active Site>
- a cyclohexane solution of 1,3-butadiene and a cyclohexane solution of styrene are added to 60 g of 1,3-butadiene and 15 g of styrene, and 2,2-ditetrahydrofuryl is added.
- n-butyllithium (BuLi) n-butyllithium
- ⁇ Hydrolysis step> Thereafter, 1.5 ml of dilute hydrochloric acid was added little by little to the polymerization reaction system, and water was then added in a molar amount 3 times that of lithium (Li), followed by stirring for 30 minutes. (Hydrolysis step). After the hydrolysis reaction, an isopropanol solution of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol (BHT) was added to the polymerization reaction system. Thereafter, water vapor was blown to lower the solvent partial pressure (steam stripping) to remove the solvent, followed by vacuum drying to obtain a modified conjugated diene polymer.
- BHT 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol
- silica and a condensation accelerator Sn (EHA) 2 were blended according to the blending shown in Table 5 below to prepare a rubber composition. This was vulcanized at 165 ° C. for 15 minutes, and then the dynamic loss tangent (tan ⁇ ) was measured. Furthermore, by comparing the result with a modified conjugated diene polymer to which no condensation accelerator was added, the change width of tan ⁇ by the condensation accelerator was determined. These results are shown in Table 6 below.
- Example 7 A modified conjugated diene polymer and a rubber composition were produced in the same manner as in Example 6 except that Ti (EHDO) 4 was used as a condensation accelerator during the preparation of the rubber composition. The same evaluation as in Example 6 was performed. The results are shown in Table 6 below.
- Example 8 A modified conjugated diene polymer and a rubber composition were prepared in the same manner as in Example 6 except that Ti (EHO) 4 was used as a condensation accelerator during preparation of the rubber composition. The same evaluation as in Example 6 was performed. The results are shown in Table 6 below.
- Example 9 A modified conjugated diene polymer and a rubber composition were prepared in the same manner as in Example 6 except that ZrO (EHA) 2 was used as a condensation accelerator during the preparation of the rubber composition. The same evaluation as in Example 6 was performed. The results are shown in Table 6 below.
- Example 10 The modified conjugated diene polymer and various rubber compositions were the same as in Example 6, except that the silane compound a was used as the organic silane compound and Ti (EHO) 4 was used as the condensation accelerator during the preparation of the rubber composition. A product was made. The same evaluation as in Example 6 was performed. The results are shown in Table 6 below.
- Example 11 Modified conjugated diene polymer and rubber composition in the same manner as in Example 6 except that silane compound e was used as the organic silane compound and Ti (EHO) 4 was used as the condensation accelerator during preparation of the rubber composition. Was made. The same evaluation as in Example 6 was performed. The results are shown in Table 6 below.
- Example 12 Modified conjugated diene polymer and rubber composition in the same manner as in Example 6 except that silane compound c was used as the organic silane compound and Ti (EHO) 4 was used as the condensation accelerator during the preparation of the rubber composition. Was made. The same evaluation as in Example 6 was performed. The results are shown in Table 6 below.
- Example 13 Modified conjugated diene polymer and rubber composition in the same manner as in Example 6 except that silane compound f was used as the organic silane compound and Ti (EHO) 4 was used as the condensation accelerator during the preparation of the rubber composition. Was made. The same evaluation as in Example 6 was performed. The results are shown in Table 6 below.
- Comparative Example 9 In the same manner as in Example 6, except that tin tetrachloride was used as a modifier, no hydrolysis step and condensation step were provided, and no condensation accelerator was added during the preparation of the rubber composition. A coalesced and rubber composition was prepared. The same evaluation as in Example 6 was performed. The results are shown in Table 7 below.
- Comparative Example 10 Modified conjugated diene system in the same manner as in Example 6 except that the silane compound a was used as the organic silane compound, the hydrolysis step and the condensation step were not provided, and no condensation accelerator was added during the preparation of the rubber composition. Polymer and rubber compositions were made. The same evaluation as in Example 6 was performed. The results are shown in Table 7 below.
- Comparative Example 11 Modified conjugated diene system in the same manner as in Example 6 except that the silane compound b was used as the organic silane compound, the hydrolysis step and the condensation step were not provided, and no condensation accelerator was added during the preparation of the rubber composition. Polymer and rubber compositions were made. The same evaluation as in Example 6 was performed. The results are shown in Table 7 below.
- Comparative Example 12 Modified conjugated diene system in the same manner as in Example 6 except that the silane compound c was used as the organic silane compound, the hydrolysis step and the condensation step were not provided, and no condensation accelerator was added during the preparation of the rubber composition. Polymer and rubber compositions were made. The same evaluation as in Example 6 was performed. The results are shown in Table 7 below.
- Comparative Example 13 A modified conjugated diene polymer and a rubber composition were produced in the same manner as in Example 6 except that the hydrolysis step and the condensation step were not provided and no condensation accelerator was added during the preparation of the rubber composition. The same evaluation as in Example 6 was performed. The results are shown in Table 7 below.
- Comparative Example 14 The modified conjugated diene system was the same as in Example 6 except that the silane compound f was used as the organosilane compound, the hydrolysis step and the condensation step were not provided, and no condensation accelerator was added during the preparation of the rubber composition. Polymer and rubber compositions were made. The same evaluation as in Example 6 was performed. The results are shown in Table 7 below.
- Comparative Example 15 A modified conjugated diene polymer and a modified conjugated diene polymer were prepared in the same manner as in Example 6 except that STO was used as a modifier, no hydrolysis and condensation steps were provided, and no condensation accelerator was added during the preparation of the rubber composition. A rubber composition was prepared. The same evaluation as in Example 6 was performed. The results are shown in Table 7 below.
- Comparative Example 16 A modified conjugated diene polymer and a rubber composition were produced in the same manner as in Example 18 except that the hydrolysis step and the condensation step were not provided. The same evaluation as in Example 6 was performed. The results are shown in Table 7 below.
- Modified conjugated diene-based or unmodified conjugated diene-based polymer a polymer that has undergone a modification reaction step or an unmodified polymer
- Polyisoprene rubber product name “IR2200” manufactured by JSR Corporation 3)
- Aroma oil Trademark “Aromax # 3” manufactured by Fuji Kosan Co., Ltd.
- Silica Trademark “Nipsil AQ” manufactured by Tosoh Silica Co., Ltd.
- Silane coupling agent bis (3-triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide, trade name “Si69” manufactured by Degussa 6)
- Anti-aging agent 6C N- (1,3-dimethylbutyl) -N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, manufactured by Seiko Chemical Co., Ltd. Trademark “Ozonon 6C” 7)
- Vulcanization accelerator DPG Diphenylguanidine, trade name “Noxeller D” manufactured by Ouchi Shinsei Chemical Co., Ltd. 8)
- Vulcanization accelerator DM Dibenzothiazyl disulfide, trade name “Noxeller DM” manufactured by Ouchi Shinsei Chemical Co., Ltd. 9)
- Vulcanization accelerator NS Nt-butyl-2-benzothiazylsulfenamide
- Modifier e Silane compound e obtained in Synthesis Example 5, N, N-bis (trimethylsilyl) aminopropylmethyldiethoxysilane 2)
- Modifier a Silane compound a obtained in Synthesis Example 1, N- (1 , 3-dimethylbutylidene) -3- (dimethylethoxysilyl) -1-propanamine 3)
- modifier b silane compound b obtained in Synthesis Example 2, 3-dimethylaminopropyl (dimethoxy) methylsilane 4)
- modifier c Silane compound c obtained in Synthesis Example 3, N- (3-methyldiethoxysilylpropyl) -4,5-dihydroimidazole 5)
- Modifier f Silane compound f obtained in Synthesis Example 6, 2-cyanoethyldimethylethoxy silane 6)
- modifier d a silane compound obtained in Synthesis example 4 d, (3- glycidoxypropyl) dimethylmethoxysilane 7)
- content of the condensation promoter in Table 6 is a value with respect to 100 mass parts of rubber components in a rubber composition.
- tan ⁇ is an index value when tan ⁇ of the rubber composition of Comparative Example 1 is set to 100.
- Examples 6 to 18 all have an alcohol volatilization amount of 0, and by containing a condensation accelerator, the index value of tan ⁇ is higher than that of a rubber composition containing no condensation accelerator. Is significantly lower.
- the 3% dynamic loss tangent (tan ⁇ ) of the vulcanized rubber composition obtained in each example shown below and the amount of volatile organic compound (VOC) from the unvulcanized rubber composition were measured according to the following methods.
- 3% dynamic loss tangent (tan ⁇ ) Using a viscoelasticity measuring device (Rheometrics), tan ⁇ was measured at a temperature of 60 ° C., a strain of 3%, and a frequency of 15 Hz.
- the tan ⁇ of Comparative Example 19, 21 or 22 was taken as 100, and indexed by the following formula. A smaller index value indicates a lower exothermic property and a smaller hysteresis loss.
- 3% tan ⁇ index ⁇ (3% tan ⁇ of the test vulcanized rubber composition) / (3% tan ⁇ of the vulcanized rubber composition of Comparative Example 19, 21 or 22) ⁇ ⁇ 100
- VOC generation amount from unvulcanized rubber composition (0.2 mol / liter toluenesulfonic acid) / (0.24 mol / liter water) in a solvent consisting of 15 mass% n-butanol and 85 mass% toluene
- the sample was treated with a siloxane hydrolysis reagent consisting of) and the stoichiometric amount of ethanol from [EtOSi] remaining in the unvulcanized rubber composition was measured by headspace / gas chromatography.
- this polymer solution was kept at a temperature of 60 ° C., 2.85 mmol of N, N-bis (trimethylsilyl) aminopropylmethyldiethoxysilane was added and reacted for 15 minutes, and then the polymer solution was brought to a temperature of 60 ° C. 2.85 mmol of tetrakis (2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediolato) titanium was added while being maintained, and the mixture was further reacted by stirring for 15 minutes.
- Production Example 2 Production of Modified BR-b
- 2.85 mmol of tin 2-ethylhexanoate was used instead of 2.85 mmol of tetrakis (2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediolato) titanium.
- modified BR-b was obtained.
- Production Example 3 Production of Modified BR-c
- 2.85 mmol of tris (stearate) aluminum was used instead of 2.85 mmol of tetrakis (2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediolato) titanium.
- modified BR-c was obtained.
- this polymer solution was kept at a temperature of 60 ° C., 2.85 mmol of N, N-bis (trimethylsilyl) aminopropylmethyldiethoxysilane was added, and the mixture was reacted for 30 minutes.
- a sodium hydroxide (NaOH) aqueous solution of L was added little by little, and when the pH reached 10.5, water was added in a molar amount three times that of lithium (Li) and stirred for 30 minutes. Thereafter, it was taken out into a methanol solution containing 1.3 g of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, and after the polymerization was stopped, the solvent was removed by steam stripping, and dried with a roll at 110 ° C. -D was obtained.
- this polymer solution was kept at a temperature of 60 ° C., and 2.85 mmol of N, N-bis (trimethylsilyl) aminopropylmethyldiethoxysilane was added and reacted for 30 minutes. Thereafter, it was taken out into a methanol solution containing 1.3 g of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, and after the polymerization was stopped, the solvent was removed by steam stripping, and dried with a roll at 110 ° C. -E was obtained.
- Production Example 6 Production of Modified BR-f In Production Example 5, 2.85 mmol of 4,4′-bis (diethylamino) benzophenone was used instead of 2.85 mmol of N, N-bis (trimethylsilyl) aminopropylmethyldiethoxysilane. Except for the above, modified BR-f was obtained in the same manner as in Production Example 5.
- This polymer solution was taken out into a methanol solution containing 1.3 g of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, and after the polymerization was stopped, the solvent was removed by steam stripping, and dried with a roll at 110 ° C. Modified BR-g was obtained.
- Examples 14-18 and Comparative Examples 17-22 Each component was kneaded according to the composition of the first kneading stage in Table 8, and then the components of the types and amounts shown in the second kneading stage were blended into Examples 14 to 18 and Comparative Examples 17 to 22 11 types of rubber compositions were prepared. VOC generation amounts of these 11 kinds of unvulcanized rubber compositions were measured. Furthermore, after 11 types of these unvulcanized rubber compositions were vulcanized at 165 ° C. for 15 minutes, 3% dynamic loss tangent (tan ⁇ ) was measured. The results are shown in Tables 9-11.
- N 2 SA listed in Table 9 is 42 m 2 / g is carbon black FEF, manufactured by Tokai Carbon Co., Ltd., trademark “SEAST SO”.
- N 2 SA listed in Table 10 is 118 m 2 / g is carbon black ISAF, manufactured by Tokai Carbon Co., Ltd., trademark “SEAST 6”.
- C N 2 SA listed in Table 11 is 97 m 2 / g is carbon black IISAF-HS (N285), trade name “Dia Black II” manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation.
- Anti-aging agent 6C N- (1,3-dimethylbutyl) -N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, manufactured by Ouchi Shinsei Chemical Co., Ltd., trademark “NOCRACK 6C”
- Anti-aging agent RD 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline polymer, manufactured by Ouchi Shinsei Chemical Co., Ltd., trademark “NOCRACK 224”
- Vulcanization accelerator CBS N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazylsulfenamide, manufactured by Ouchi Shinsei Chemical Co., Ltd., trademark “Noxeller CZ”
- Vulcanization accelerator MBTS Dibenzothiazyl disulfide, manufactured by Ouchi Shinsei Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., trademark “Noxeller DM”
- [note] 1), 3) and 6) are the same as the notes in Table 9.
- modified BR-a to d use N, N-bis (trimethylsilyl) aminopropylmethyldiethoxysilane as a modifier, and unvulcanized Examples 14 to 17 using these.
- the rubber composition uses N, N-bis (trimethylsilyl) aminopropylmethyldiethoxysilane as a modifying agent, but uses a modified BR-e that does not contain a condensation accelerator and is not hydrolyzed. Compared with 17 unvulcanized rubber composition, VOC generation amount is small.
- the physical properties of the unmodified or modified conjugated diene polymer, carbon black and unvulcanized rubber composition, and the tire run-flat durability and rolling resistance in the following examples were measured according to the following methods.
- ⁇ Physical Properties of Unmodified or Modified Conjugated Diene Polymer >> ⁇ Measurement of number average molecular weight (Mn), weight average molecular weight (Mw) and molecular weight distribution (Mw / Mn)> It was measured by GPC [manufactured by Tosoh Corporation, HLC-8220] using a refractometer as a detector, and was shown in terms of polystyrene using monodisperse polystyrene as a standard.
- the column is GMHXL [manufactured by Tosoh] and the eluent is tetrahydrofuran.
- VOC volatile organic compound
- the sample was treated with a siloxane hydrolysis reagent consisting of (0.2 mol / liter toluenesulfonic acid) / (0.24 mol / liter water) in a solvent consisting of 15% by weight n-butanol and 85% by weight toluene.
- the stoichiometric amount of ethanol from [EtOSi] remaining in the trial-modified conjugated diene polymer was measured by headspace / gas chromatography.
- the first amino group content (mmol) is obtained by subtracting the content of secondary amino group and tertiary amino group from the total amino group content, and the first bound to the polymer by dividing the polymer mass used in the analysis.
- the amino group content (mmol / kg) was determined.
- Run-flat durability (index) (travel distance of test tire / travel distance of tire of Comparative Example 23 or 27) ⁇ 100 ⁇ Rolling resistance>
- the rolling resistance of the pneumatic radial tire was measured, and the rolling resistance of the tire of Comparative Example 23 or 27 was taken as 100, and the index was expressed by the following formula. The smaller the index value, the smaller the rolling resistance and the better.
- Rolling resistance (index) (rolling resistance of test tire / rolling resistance of tire of Comparative Example 23 or 27) ⁇ 100
- Production Example 8 Production of Polymer A-1 A nitrogen-substituted 5 L autoclave was charged with 1.4 kg of cyclohexane, 250 g of 1,3-butadiene, and 2,2-ditetrahydrofurylpropane (0.0285 mmol) in cyclohexane under nitrogen. Then, 2.85 mmol of n-butyllithium (BuLi) was added thereto, and polymerization was performed in a 50 ° C. warm water bath equipped with a stirrer for 4.5 hours. The reaction conversion of 1,3-butadiene was almost 100%.
- n-butyllithium BuLi
- Production Example 9 Production of modified polymer B-1 The polymer before modification was produced in the same manner as in the polymer A-1. Subsequently, without deactivating the polymerization catalyst, 1129 mg of N, N-bis (trimethylsilyl) aminopropylmethyldiethoxysilane having a precursor capable of generating a primary amino group by hydrolysis was maintained at a temperature of 50 ° C. In addition, the denaturation reaction was carried out for 15 minutes. No condensation accelerator was added. Finally, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol was added to the polymer solution after the reaction.
- Production Example 10 Production of Modified Polymer C-1 Production of the polymer before modification was carried out in the same manner as for the polymer A-1. Subsequently, without deactivating the polymerization catalyst, 1129 mg of N, N-bis (trimethylsilyl) aminopropylmethyldiethoxysilane having a precursor capable of generating a primary amino group by hydrolysis was maintained at a temperature of 50 ° C. In addition, the denaturation reaction was carried out for 15 minutes. Thereafter, 8.111 g of tetrakis (2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediolato) titanium, which is a condensation accelerator, was added, and the mixture was further stirred for 15 minutes.
- Production Example 12 Production of Modified Polymer E-1
- the modified polymer C-1 obtained in Production Example 10 and the modified polymer D-1 obtained in Production Example 11 were (modified polymer C-1 / modified).
- Examples 19 to 21 and Comparative Examples 23 to 24 Using the unmodified polybutadiene rubber A-1 obtained in Production Example 8 and the modified polybutadiene rubbers B-1 to E-1 obtained in Production Examples 9 to 12, five types of rubbers were used according to the formulation shown in Table 12. A composition was prepared. The Mooney viscosity of these five types of unvulcanized rubber compositions was measured. The results are shown in Table 12. Next, these five types of rubber compositions are disposed on the side reinforcing layer 8 shown in FIG. 1 to produce pneumatic run-flat tires for passenger cars having tire sizes 215 / 45ZR17, respectively, according to ordinary methods. The tire was evaluated for run-flat durability and rolling resistance. The results are shown in Table 12.
- Polymer (polybutadiene): Polybutadiene rubber A obtained in Production Example 8 and modified polybutadiene rubbers B-1 to E-1 obtained in Production Examples 9 to 12 were used. * 2. Carbon black: HAF ⁇ N 2 SA (m 2 / g) 77 (m 2 / g) ⁇ , manufactured by Asahi Carbon Co., Ltd. Trademark “Asahi # 70” * 3. Softener: Aromatic oil, trademark "Aromax # 3" manufactured by Fuji Kosan Co., Ltd. * 4.
- Anti-aging agent 6C N- (1,3-dimethylbutyl) -N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, trade name “Ozonon 6C” manufactured by Seiko Chemical Co., Ltd. * 5.
- Vulcanization accelerator CZ N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazylsulfenamide, manufactured by Ouchi Shinsei Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. Trademark “Noxeller CZ”
- Examples 22 to 27 and Comparative Examples 25 to 33 Using the unmodified polybutadiene rubber A-1 obtained in Production Example 8 and the modified polybutadiene rubbers B-1 to E-1 obtained in Production Examples 9 to 12, 15 types of rubbers were prepared according to the formulation shown in Table 13. A composition was prepared. The Mooney viscosity of these 15 types of unvulcanized rubber compositions was measured. The results are shown in Table 13. Next, these 15 types of rubber compositions are disposed in the side reinforcing layer 8 and the bead filler 7 shown in FIG. 1 to produce pneumatic run-flat tires for passenger cars with tire sizes 215 / 45ZR17, respectively, according to ordinary methods. The run-flat durability and rolling resistance of these 15 types of tires were evaluated. The results are shown in Table 13.
- Softener Aromatic oil, trademark "Aromax # 3" manufactured by Fuji Kosan Co., Ltd. * 6.
- Anti-aging agent 6C N- (1,3-dimethylbutyl) -N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, trade name “Ozonon 6C” manufactured by Seiko Chemical Co., Ltd. * 7.
- Vulcanization accelerator CZ N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazylsulfenamide, manufactured by Ouchi Shinsei Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. Trademark “Noxeller CZ”
- the tires of Examples 19 to 27 according to the present invention were introduced with a primary amino group at the active end of the conjugated diene polymer to be used and further hydrolyzed after the modification reaction.
- a condensation accelerator to the modification reaction system during and / or after the modification reaction, further hydrolyzing, and combining with carbon black having a small nitrogen adsorption specific surface area, the comparison with tires of Comparative Examples 23 to 33, Run-flat durability and rolling resistance have improved dramatically.
- the modified polymer C-1 obtained in Production Example 10 in Table 12 (see Example 20) was compared with the modified polymer B-1 obtained in Production Example 9 (see Example 19).
- the modified polymer C-1 was added with a condensation accelerator after the modification reaction, and further hydrolyzed (steamed). Although the modified polymer B-1 is hydrolyzed (steam stripping) without adding a condensation accelerator after the modification reaction, the latter is superior in both tire evaluations. ing.
- the modified conjugated diene (co) polymer obtained by the production method of the present invention includes treads such as cap treads for passenger cars, light cars, light trucks, trucks, buses and off-the-road pneumatic tires, sidewalls, and stiffeners. It is suitably used as various members such as (bead filler). Moreover, it is used suitably as various members of various industrial rubber products, such as a belt conveyor and a hose. Further, the rubber composition of the present invention has a small amount of volatile organic compound (VOC) generated at the time of kneading and the like, and is excellent in low heat generation (low fuel consumption). It is suitably used as a tire member such as a layer or a bead filler. Furthermore, the tire of the present invention using a specific modified conjugated diene polymer and a specific carbon black is used as a pneumatic tire for passenger cars, light vehicles, light trucks, trucks and buses, particularly pneumatic run-flat tires. Is preferably used.
- VOC volatile organic compound
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Abstract
Description
タイヤの転がり抵抗性能向上のために、低発熱性ゴム組成物を用いる手法が一般的になっており、その性能を発現するための技術として、充填材と相互作用を有する官能基を導入した変性重合体の利用は、極めて有効な手段である。
タイヤの転がり抵抗性能を向上させるために、補強用充填材を低減させる手法では、耐久性の悪化は免れないが、使用するポリマーに変性基を導入することによって、低ロス性と耐久性の両立を実現できることが分かっている。そして、ポリマーに導入される変性官能基の種類によっては、補強用充填材との相互作用が異なり、得られる性能も影響を受けることが知られている。
しかしながら、この技術においても、ポリマー中にアルコキシシリル基が残留するため、該ポリマー配合時において、アルコール分として大気中に放出されることが懸念され、上記の問題が生じる。
タイヤは、パンク等によりタイヤの内部圧力(以下、内圧という)が低下した場合での走行、いわゆるランフラット走行状態になると、タイヤのサイドウォール部やビードフィラーの変形が大きくなり、発熱が進み、場合によっては200℃以上に達する。このような状態では、サイド補強層を具えたタイヤであっても、サイド補強層やビードフィラーが破壊限界を超え、タイヤ故障に至る。
このような故障に至るまでの時間を長くする手段として、サイド補強層やビードフィラーに用いるゴム組成物に硫黄を高配合し、ゴム組成物を高弾性化することにより、タイヤのサイドウォール部やビードフィラーの変形量を抑える手法があるが、タイヤの通常走行時の転がり抵抗が高くなり低燃費性が低下する問題がある。
さらに、特許文献6では、特定の共役ジエン系重合体とフェノール系樹脂を含有するゴム組成物をサイド補強層及びビードフィラーに用いることが提案されている。
これらは、いずれもサイド補強層及びビードフィラーに用いたゴム組成物の弾性率を高くすると共に、高温時の弾性率低下を抑えることを目的としたものであり、ランフラット耐久性の大幅な改良が得られるものの、通常走行時の転がり抵抗性が著しく悪化してしまう。
従って、ランフラット走行時の耐久性と通常走行時の転がり抵抗性とを同時に向上させ得る、サイド補強層やビードフィラーに好適な、低発熱性に優れたゴム組成物が求められている。
1.活性部位を有する共役ジエン(共)重合体の該活性部位に、加水分解によりシラノール基を生成する特性基と、該特性基の近傍に(i)該活性部位に付加もしくは置換反応を行う事によって有機シラン化合物と該共役ジエン(共)重合体とを結合させ、且つ該反応後に該シラノール基と補強性充填材との反応を促進する官能基又は(ii)該シラノール基と補強性充填材との反応を促進する官能基とを有する有機シラン化合物を反応させる変性反応工程と、変性反応工程終了後に施される加水分解工程とを含む変性共役ジエン(共)重合体の製造方法、
2.加水分解によりシラノール基を生成する特性基がアルコキシシラン基であって、加水分解により、その10%以上がシラノール基を生成する上記1の変性共役ジエン(共)重合体の製造方法、
3.前記有機シラン化合物が、下記一般式(1)又は下記一般式(2)により表わされる有機シラン化合物である上記1又は2の変性共役ジエン(共)重合体の製造方法、
5.下記一般式(3)又は下記一般式(4)により表わされる変性共役ジエン(共)重合体、
6.上記4又は5の変性共役ジエン(共)重合体を含むゴム組成物、
7.上記4又は5の変性共役ジエン(共)重合体10~100質量%とジエン系ゴム90~0質量%とからなるゴム成分100質量部に対して、補強性充填材10~200質量部を含むゴム組成物、
8.上記6又は7のゴム組成物を用いてなる空気入りタイヤ、
9.上記4又は5の変性共役ジエン(共)重合体を含むゴム成分と、そのゴム成分100質量部に対して、(B)チッ素吸着比表面積(N2SA)が20~100m2/gであるカーボンブラック10~100質量部を含むゴム組成物、
10.(A)変性共役ジエン(共)重合体が、下記一般式(11)で表される構造を有する変性共役ジエン系重合体(a-1)及び/又は下記一般式(12)で表される構造を有する変性共役ジエン系重合体(a-2)である上記9のゴム組成物、
14.ビードコア、カーカス層、トレッドゴム層、インナーライナー、サイド補強層及びビードフィラーを具えるタイヤであって、該サイド補強層及び/又は該ビードフィラーに、上記4又は5の変性共役ジエン(共)重合体を10質量%以上含むゴム成分100質量部に対して、窒素吸着比表面積が20~90m2/gであるカーボンブラックを10~100質量部配合してなるゴム組成物を用いてなるタイヤ、
15.変性共役ジエン(共)重合体が、共役ジエン系重合体の末端と第一アミノ基又は加水分解により第一アミノ基を生成し得る前駆体を有するアルコキシシラン化合物との変性反応により該末端に第一アミノ基又は加水分解により第一アミノ基を生成し得る前駆体が導入され、さらに該変性反応の途中及び又は終了後に該変性反応系に縮合促進剤が加えられることにより得られる変性共役ジエン系重合体である上記14のタイヤ、
16.ゴム組成物が、ゴム成分100質量部に対して硫黄を1~10質量部配合してなる上記14又は15のタイヤ、
を提供するものである。
[変性共役ジエン(共)重合体の製造方法]
本発明の変性共役ジエン(共)重合体の製造方法は、活性部位を有する共役ジエン(共)重合体の該活性部位に、加水分解によりシラノール基を生成する特性基と、該特性基の近傍に(i)該活性部位に付加もしくは置換反応を行う事によって有機シラン化合物と該共役ジエン(共)重合体とを結合させ、且つ該反応後に該シラノール基と補強性充填材との反応を促進する官能基又は(ii)該シラノール基と補強性充填材との反応を促進する官能基とを有する有機シラン化合物を反応させる変性反応工程と、変性反応工程終了後に施される加水分解工程と、好ましくは、さらに縮合促進剤の存在下に縮合反応させる縮合反応工程とを含むことを特徴とする。このような工程を経ることにより、本発明の変性共役ジエン(共)重合体の分子鎖末端にシラノール基が付与されることとなる。
本発明においては、前記の加水分解によりシラノール基を生成する特性基は、アルコキシシラン基であって、加水分解により、その10%以上がシラノール基を生成するものであることが、本発明の効果の点から好ましい。
なお、本発明において、共役ジエン(共)重合体とは、共役ジエン重合体と共役ジエン共重合体とを包含するものである。
「シラノール基と、該シラノール基の近傍にある官能基」の場合の「近傍」も上記と同義である。
上記の式-OM(1/x)において、Mは、水素を除く第1族元素(即ち、アルカリ金属);第2~12族元素;ホウ素を除く第13族元素;炭素及びケイ素を除く第14族元素;窒素、リン及びヒ素を除く第15族元素及び希土類元素から選ばれる金属原子であり、xはその金属原子の価数である。第2族元素は、Be、Mg及びアルカリ土類金属である。これらの金属原子の内、アルカリ金属、Mg、アルカリ土類金属、Sn、Al、Ti、Feがより好ましく、Li、Na、K、Mg、Ca、Ba、Sn、Al、Ti、Feが特に好ましい。
-RdSiX3 ・・・・・(2-a)
[式中、Rdは単結合、炭素数1~10の置換もしくは無置換のアルキレン基又は-ORe(Reは炭素数1~10の置換もしくは無置換のアルキレンである。)を示し、Xはハロゲン原子又は炭素数1~10のアルコキシ基を示し、複数のXは同一でも異なっていてもよい。]で表される官能基、あるいは(チオ)エポキシ基、(チオ)イソシアネート基、ニトリル基、イミダゾリル基、ケチミン基、(チオ)ケトン基又は保護された第1もしくは第2アミノ基などを挙げることができる。
ここで、Eはイミノ基、2価のイミン残基、2価のピリジン残基又は2価のアミド残基、Fは炭素数1~20のアルキレン基、フェニレン基又は炭素数8~20のアラルキレン基、Gは第一アミノ基、第二アミノ基、保護された第一もしくは第二アミノ基、第三アミノ基、環状アミノ基、オキサゾリル基、イミダゾリル基、アジリジニル基、ケチミン基、ニトリル基(シアノ基)、アミド基、ピリジン基又は(チオ)イソシアネート基である。
一般式-E-F-Gで表わされる官能基の具体例としては、例えば、-NH-C2H4-NH2、-NH-C2H4-N(CH3)2、及びこれらの-C2H4-を-C6H12-又はフェニレン基に置き換えた官能基等が挙げられる。
ここで、pが0である場合のR5及びqが0である場合のR6は、R2及びR3と同様に水素原子又は炭素数1~20の一価の炭化水素基となる。即ち、R5の価数は(p+1)であり、R6の価数は(q+1)である。
そして、上記のエポキシ基含有ヒドロカルビルオキシシラン化合物のエポキシ基をエピチオ基に置き換えたエピチオ基含有ヒドロカルビルオキシシラン化合物をも好ましく挙げることができる。
さらに、2-(メチルジメトキシシリルエチル)ピリジン、2-(メチルジエトキシシリルエチル)ピリジン、2-シアノエチルメチルジエトキシシラン等を挙げることができる。
ここで、予備変性反応工程で用いられるヒドロカルビルオキシシラン化合物は、複数のヒドロカルビルオキシシリル基を有することが好ましい。前記共役ジエン(共)重合体の前記活性部位との反応により一つのヒドロカルビルオキシシリル基が消費されても、残ったヒドロカルビルオキシシリル基により、本発明の変性共役ジエン(共)重合体の製造方法に必要な変性反応工程を実施することができるからである。
また、共役ジエン(共)重合体に用いられる芳香族ビニル単量体としては、例えばスチレン、α-メチルスチレン、1-ビニルナフタレン、3-ビニルトルエン、エチルビニルベンゼン、ジビニルベンゼン、4-シクロへキシルスチレン、2,4,6-トリメチルスチレン等が挙げられる。これらは単独で用いてもよく、二種以上を組み合わせて用いても良いが、これらの中で、スチレンが特に好ましい。
具体的には、反応に不活性な有機溶剤、例えば脂肪族、脂環族、芳香族炭化水素化合物等の炭化水素系溶剤中において、共役ジエン単量体又は共役ジエン単量体と芳香族ビニル単量体を、前記リチウム化合物を重合開始剤として、所望により、用いられるランダマイザーの存在下にアニオン重合させることにより、目的の活性末端を有する共役ジエン(共)重合体が得られる。
また、有機リチウム化合物を重合開始剤として用いた場合には、前述のランタン系列希土類元素化合物を含む触媒を用いた場合に比べ、活性末端を有する共役ジエン重合体のみならず、活性末端を有する共役ジエン-芳香族ビニル共重合体も効率よく得ることができる。
また、溶媒中の単量体濃度は、好ましくは5~50質量%、より好ましくは10~30質量%である。尚、共役ジエン単量体と芳香族ビニル単量体を用いて共重合を行う場合、仕込み単量体混合物中の芳香族ビニル単量体の含量は55質量%以下の範囲が好ましい。
ランタン系列希土類元素化合物を含む触媒としては、
(A)成分:周期律表の原子番号57~71の希土類元素含有化合物、又はこれらの化合物とルイス塩基との反応物、
(B)成分:下記一般式(5):
AlR7R8R9 ・・・(5)
(ここで、R7及びR8は同一又は異なり、炭素数1~10のヒドロカルビル基又は水素原子で、R9は炭素数1~10のヒドロカルビル基であり、但し、R9は上記R7又はR8と同一又は異なっていても良い)で表される有機アルミニウム化合物、並びに
(C)成分:ルイス酸、金属ハロゲン化物と、ルイス塩基との錯化合物、及び活性ハロゲンを含む有機化合物の少なくとも一種からなる触媒系により共役ジエン単量体を重合するのが好ましい。
ここで、炭化水素溶媒としては、ブタン、ペンタン、ヘキサン、ヘプタン等の炭素数4~10の飽和脂肪族炭化水素、シクロペンタン、シクロヘキサン等の炭素数5~20の飽和脂環式炭化水素、1-ブテン、2-ブテン等のモノオレフィン類、ベンゼン、トルエン、キシレン等の芳香族炭化水素、塩化メチレン、クロロホルム、トリクロロエチレン、パークロロエチレン、1,2-ジクロロエタン、クロロベンゼン、ブロモベンゼン、クロロトルエン等のハロゲン化炭化水素が挙げられる。
(R10-CO2)3M1 ・・・(6)
(式中、R10は炭素数1~20のヒドロカルビル基で、M1は周期律表の原子番号57~71の希土類元素である)で表される化合物が挙げられる。ここで、R10は、飽和又は不飽和でもよく、アルキル基及びアルケニル基が好ましく、直鎖状、分岐状及び環状のいずれでも良い。また、カルボキシル基は、1級、2級又は3級の炭素原子に結合している。該カルボン酸塩として、具体的には、オクタン酸、2-エチルヘキサン酸、オレイン酸、ネオデカン酸、ステアリン酸、安息香酸、ナフテン酸、バーサチック酸[シェル化学(株)製の商品名であって、カルボキシル基が3級炭素原子に結合しているカルボン酸]等の塩が挙げられ、これらの中でも、2-エチルヘキサン酸、ネオデカン酸、ナフテン酸、バーサチック酸の塩が好ましい。
(R11O)3M2 ・・・(7)
(式中、R11は炭素数1~20のヒドロカルビル基で、M2は周期律表の原子番号57~71の希土類元素である)で表される化合物が挙げられる。R11Oで表されるアルコキシ基としては、2-エチル-ヘキシルオキシ基、オレイルオキシ基、ステアリルオキシ基、フェノキシ基、ベンジルオキシ基等が挙げられる。これらの中でも、2-エチル-ヘキシルオキシ基、ベンジルオキシ基が好ましい。
また、トリエチルアルミニウムと臭素の反応生成物のようなアルキルアルミニウムとハロゲンの反応生成物を用いることもできる。
上記活性ハロゲンを含む有機化合物としては、ベンジルクロライド等が挙げられる。
また、(A)成分と(B)成分の割合は、モル比で、(A)成分:(B)成分が通常1:1~1:700、好ましくは1:3~1:500である。
さらに、(A)成分と(C)成分中のハロゲンの割合は、モル比で、通常1:0.1~1:30、好ましくは1:0.2~1:15、さらに好ましくは1:2.0~1:5.0である。
また、(D)成分中のアルミニウムと(A)成分との割合は、モル比で、通常1:1~700:1、好ましくは3:1~500:1である。これらの触媒量又は構成成分比の範囲内にすることで、高活性な触媒として作用し、また、触媒残渣を除去する工程の必要性がなくなるため好ましい。
また、上記の(A)~(C)成分以外に、重合体の分子量を調節する目的で、水素ガスを共存させて重合反応を行っても良い。
その際、各成分の添加順序は、特に限定されず、さらに(D)成分としてアルミノキサンを添加しても良い。重合活性の向上、重合開始誘導期間の短縮の観点からは、これら各成分を、予め混合して、反応させ、熟成させることが好ましい。
ここで、熟成温度は、0~100℃程度であり、20~80℃が好ましい。0℃未満では、充分に熟成が行われにくく、100℃を超えると、触媒活性の低下や、分子量分布の広がりが起こる場合がある。
また、熟成時間は、特に制限なく、重合反応槽に添加する前にライン中で接触させることでも熟成でき、通常は、0.5分以上あれば充分であり、数日間は安定である。
これらの中でも、炭素数5~6の脂肪族炭化水素、脂環式炭化水素が特に好ましい。これらの溶媒は、一種単独で使用してもよく、二種以上を混合して使用しても良い。
この配位アニオン重合に用いられる溶媒中の単量体濃度は、好ましくは5~50質量%、より好ましくは10~30質量%である。
上記重合反応は、回分式及び連続式のいずれで行っても良い。
このようにして活性末端を有する共役ジエン(共)重合体が得られる。
本発明の変性反応工程及び予備変性反応工程は、通常、重合反応と同じ温度、圧力条件で実施される。
この加水分解反応に用いる水の量は、開始剤のLiなどのモル量より過剰なモル量、例えば2~4倍のモル量であることが好ましい。加水分解時間は、通常10分~数時間程度である。
なお、アルカリ性条件で加水分解反応を行う場合には、塩基性化合物として、水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウムなどの水酸化アルカリ金属、好ましくは水酸化ナトリウムを加えることが望ましく、酸性条件で加水分解反応を行う場合には、酸性化合物として、塩酸、硫酸、硝酸などの無機酸、酢酸、ギ酸などのカルボン酸、四塩化ケイ素などを加えることが望ましい。
縮合促進剤の添加時期としては、変性反応工程と加水分解工程との間に縮合反応工程を設ける場合には、通常変性反応開始5分~5時間後、好ましくは変性反応開始15分~1時間後である。加水分解工程後に縮合反応工程を設ける場合には、通常加水分解反応開始
5分~5時間後、好ましくは10分~2時間後である。
前記金属元素を含む縮合促進剤としては、Ti、Sn、Bi、Zr及びAlの中から選ばれる少なくとも一種を含み、かつ前記金属のアルコキシド、カルボン酸塩又はアセチルアセトナート錯塩であるものが好適である。
具体的には、テトラキス(2-エチル-1,3-ヘキサンジオラト)チタン、テトラキス(2-メチル-1,3-ヘキサンジオラト)チタン、テトラキス(2-プロピル-1,3-ヘキサンジオラト)チタン、テトラキス(2-ブチル-1,3-ヘキサンジオラト)チタン、テトラキス(1,3-ヘキサンジオラト)チタン、テトラキス(1,3-ペンタンジオラト)チタン、テトラキス(2-メチル-1,3-ペンタンジオラト)チタン、テトラキス(2-エチル-1,3-ペンタンジオラト)チタン、テトラキス(2-プロピル-1,3-ペンタンジオラト)チタン、テトラキス(2-ブチル-1,3-ペンタンジオラト)チタン、テトラキス(1,3-ヘプタンジオラト)チタン、テトラキス(2-メチル-1,3-ヘプタンジオラト)チタン、テトラキス(2-エチル-1,3-ヘプタンジオラト)チタン、テトラキス(2-プロピル-1,3-ヘプタンジオラト)チタン、テトラキス(2-ブチル-1,3-ヘプタンジオラト)チタン、テトラキス(2-エチルヘキソキシ)チタン、テトラメトキシチタン、テトラエトキシチタン、テトラ-n-プロポキシチタン、テトライソプロポキシチタン、テトラ-n-ブトキシチタン、テトラ-n-ブトキシチタンオリゴマー、テトライソブトキシチタン、テトラ-sec-ブトキシチタン、テトラ-tert-ブトキシチタン、ビス(オレエート)ビス(2-エチルヘキサノエート)チタン、チタンジプロポキシビス(トリエタノールアミネート)、チタンジブトキシビス(トリエタノールアミネート)、チタントリブトキシステアレート、チタントリプロポキシステアレート、チタントリプロポキシアセチルアセトネート、チタンジプロポキシビス(アセチルアセトネート)、チタントリプロポキシ(エチルアセトアセテート)、チタンプロポキシアセチルアセトネートビス(エチルアセトアセテート)、チタントリブトキシアセチルアセトネート、チタンジブトキシビス(アセチルアセトネート)、チタントリブトキシエチルアセトアセテート、チタンブトキシアセチルアセトネートビス(エチルアセトアセテート)、チタンテトラキス(アセチルアセトネート)、チタンジアセチルアセトネートビス(エチルアセトアセテート)、ビス(2-エチルヘキサノエート)チタンオキサイド、ビス(ラウレート)チタンオキサイド、ビス(ナフテネート)チタンオキサイド、ビス(ステアレート)チタンオキサイド、ビス(オレエート)チタンオキサイド、ビス(リノレート)チタンオキサイド、テトラキス(2-エチルヘキサノエート)チタン、テトラキス(ラウレート)チタン、テトラキス(ナフテネート)チタン、テトラキス(ステアレート)チタン、テトラキス(オレエート)チタン、テトラキス(リノレート)チタン、チタンジ-n-ブトキサイド(ビス-2,4-ペンタンジオネート)、チタンオキサイドビス(ステアレート)、チタンオキサイドビス(テトラメチルヘプタンジオネート)、チタンオキサイドビス(ペンタンジオネート)、チタンテトラ(ラクテート)などが挙げられる。
なかでも、テトラキス(2-エチル-1,3-ヘキサンジオラト)チタン、テトラキス(2-エチルヘキソキシ)チタン、チタンジ-n-ブトキサイド(ビス-2,4-ペンタンジオネート)が好ましい。
(b)ジルコニウムのアルコキシド
(c)ジルコニウムのカルボン酸塩
(d)アルミニウムのアルコキシド
(e)アルミニウムのカルボン酸塩
縮合反応時の反応系の圧力は、好ましくは0.01~20MPa、より好ましくは0.05~10MPaである。
縮合反応の形式については特に制限はなく、バッチ式反応器を用いても、多段連続式反応器などの装置を用いて連続式で行ってもよい。また、この縮合反応と脱溶媒を同時に行ってもよい。
その後、水蒸気を吹き込んで溶剤の分圧を下げるスチームストリッピング等の脱溶媒処理や真空乾燥処理を経て本発明の変性共役ジエン(共)重合体が得られる。
ここで、前記変性反応工程において、上記一般式(2)により表わされる有機シラン化合物として保護された第一アミノ基を有するヒドロカルビルオキシシラン化合物を用いる場合は、上述した加水分解工程やスチームストリッピング等の水蒸気を用いる脱溶媒処理工程において保護された窒素原子の保護基を脱離させ第一アミノ基を生成する脱保護処理が同時になされるが、それ以外に、変性反応工程終了後から、脱溶媒して乾燥ポリマーとなるまでのいずれかの段階において必要に応じて種々の方法で第一アミノ基上の保護基を加水分解することによって遊離した第一アミノ基に変換し、ヒドロカルビルオキシシラン化合物由来の保護された第一アミノ基の脱保護処理を行うことができる。
[変性共役ジエン(共)重合体I]
本発明の変性共役ジエン(共)重合体Iは、シラノール基と、該シラノール基の近傍にある官能基であって、該シラノール基と補強性充填材との反応を促進する官能基とを分子鎖末端に有する。
また、本発明の変性共役ジエン(共)重合体Iは、より具体的には、下記一般式(3)又は下記一般式(4)により表わされる変性共役ジエン(共)重合体である。
なお、(Polymer)- は変性共役ジエン(共)重合体のポリマー鎖である。
また、上記一般式(3)及び上記一般式(4)において、R2、R3、pが0である場合のR5又はqが0である場合のR6である炭素数1~20の一価の炭化水素基の具体例としては、上記一般式(1)及び上記一般式(2)におけるR2、R3、pが0である場合のR5又はqが0である場合のR6である炭素数1~20の一価の炭化水素基と同じ具体例が挙げられる。
ここで、(チオ)エーテル結合、(チオ)ウレタン結合、イミノ結合及びアミド結合の中から選ばれる少なくとも一種の結合を有する二価の官能基は、(チオ)エーテル結合、(チオ)ウレタン結合、イミノ結合又はアミド結合であっても良いし、(チオ)エーテル結合、(チオ)ウレタン結合、イミノ結合及び/又はアミド結合を有する炭素数1~20の二価の炭化水素基であっても良い。この炭素数1~20の二価の炭化水素基としては、上記一般式(1)及び上記一般式(2)におけるR1、R4、pが1である場合のR5又はqが1である場合のR6と同じ具体例が挙げられる。
ここで、Eはイミノ基、2価のイミン残基、2価のピリジン残基又は2価のアミド残基、Fは炭素数1~20のアルキレン基、フェニレン基又は炭素数8~20のアラルキレン基、Gは第一アミノ基、第二アミノ基、保護された第一もしくは第二アミノ基、第三アミノ基、環状アミノ基、オキサゾリル基、イミダゾリル基、アジリジニル基、ケチミン基、ニトリル基(シアノ基)、アミド基、ピリジン基又は(チオ)イソシアネート基である。
一般式-E-F-Gで表わされる官能基の具体例は上述の通りである。
なお、保護された第一又は第二アミノ基の脱離可能な官能基は、脱保護されることなく本発明の変性共役ジエン(共)重合体に残留していても良い。
また、スチレン含有量が0~50質量%であることが好ましい。50質量%以下であれば、低発熱性とウエットスキッド性能のバランスが良くなるからである。
なお、ビニル結合含有量は、赤外法(モレロ法)により、スチレン含有量は1H-NMRでスペクトルの積分比を算出することにより求めた。
[ゴム組成物I]
本発明のゴム組成物Iは、前述した本発明の変性共役ジエン(共)重合体Iを含み、好ましくは、さらに縮合促進剤を含む。
前記の変性共役ジエン(共)重合体Iを得るのに用いるシラン化合物としては、前記一般式(1)又は一般式(2)で表される化合物を挙げることができる。この一般式(1)におけるA1、R1~R3、-OL1及びm、一般式(2)におけるA2、R4~R6、B、D、-OL2、n、p及びqは、前述で説明したとおりである。
この縮合促進剤は、前述した本発明の製造方法のように、変性共役ジエン(共)重合体の合成時に加えてもよいし、ゴム組成物Iの調製時に加えてもよく、あるいはこれらの操作を組み合わせてもよい。
当該縮合促進剤の内容については、前述した変性共役ジエン(共)重合体の製造方法における縮合反応において説明したとおりである。
当該縮合促進剤をゴム組成物Iの調製時に添加する場合には、第1ステージにおいて、他成分と、通常20~185℃程度、好ましくは60~175℃の温度で混練りすることが好ましい。
ゴム組成物Iにおける当該縮合促進剤の含有量は、ゴム成分100質量部当たり、シリカとシラノールの反応性の観点から0.1~10質量部であることが好ましく、0.5~5質量部であることがより好ましい。
これらのシランカップリング剤は、1種を単独で用いてもよく、2種以上組み合わせて用いてもよい。
本発明はまた、前述した本発明のゴム組成物Iを用いて得られた空気入りタイヤ(以下、タイヤIと称する。)をも提供する。
[ゴム組成物II]
本発明のゴム組成物IIには、(A)前述した本発明の変性共役ジエン(共)重合体Iを含むゴム成分と、そのゴム成分100質量部に対して、(B)チッ素吸着比表面積(N2SA)が20~100m2/gであるカーボンブラック10~100質量部を含むことを特徴とする。
本発明のゴム組成物IIにおいては、前記(A)変性共役ジエン(共)重合体Iは、下記一般式(11)で表される構造を有する変性共役ジエン系重合体(a-1)及び/又は下記一般式(12)で表される構造を有する変性共役ジエン系重合体(a-2)であることが好ましい。
本発明のゴム組成物において、(A)成分のゴム成分に用いられる変性共役ジエン系重合体(a-1)は、分子鎖末端が、下記一般式(11)
で表される構造を有している。
上記R21で表される炭素数1~20のヒドロカルビル基は、炭素数1~20のアルキル基、炭素数2~20のアルケニル基、炭素数6~20のアリール基、炭素数7~20のアラルキル基等を挙げることができるが、これらの中で、炭素数1~20のアルキル基が好ましい。炭素数1~20のアルキル基は、直鎖状、分岐状、環状のいずれであってもよく、例えばメチル基、エチル基、n-プロピル基、イソプロピル基、n-ブチル基、イソブチル基、sec-ブチル基、tert-ブチル基、各種ペンチル基、各種ヘキシル基、各種オクチル基、各種デシル基、各種ドデシル基、各種テトラデシル基、各種ヘキサデシル基、各種オクタデシル基、各種イコシル基、シクロペンチル基、シクロヘキシル基、メチルシクロペンチル基、シクロペンチルメチル基、メチルシクロヘキシル基、シクロヘキシルメチル基等を挙げることができる。これらの中で、原料の入手容易さ等の観点から、メチル基及びエチル基が好適である。
なお、-(polymer)は共役ジエン系重合体のポリマー鎖である。
前述した、分子鎖末端が前記一般式(11)で表される構造を有する変性共役ジエン系重合体(a-1)は、本発明によれば、効率よく製造することができる。
本発明における変性共役ジエン系重合体(a-1)の製造方法は、活性末端を有する共役ジエン系重合体の該活性末端に、1個のヒドロカルビルオキシ基と1個の反応性基とが直接にケイ素原子に結合し、かつ1個の保護された第一アミノ基がアルキレン基を介して該ケイ素原子に結合してなる2官能性ケイ素原子を含む化合物を反応させて変性したのち、加水分解反応及び脱保護反応を行うことにより、上記一般式(11)で表される末端構造を有する変性共役ジエン系重合体(a-1)を得ることができる。
<活性末端を有する共役ジエン系重合体>
本発明の方法において用いられる活性末端を有する共役ジエン系重合体は、ジエン系モノマーを単独で、又は他のモノマーと共重合して得られるものであり、その製造方法については特に制限はなく、溶液重合法、気相重合法、バルク重合法のいずれも用いることができるが、特に溶液重合法が好ましい。また、重合形式は、回分式及び連続式のいずれであってもよい。
また、共役ジエン系重合体の分子中に存在する活性部位の金属はアルカリ金属及びアルカリ土類金属から選ばれる1種であることが好ましく、アルカリ金属が好ましく、特にリチウム金属が好ましい。
更には、ハロゲン含有モノマーを混在させ、ポリマー中のハロゲン原子を有機金属化合物によって活性化することも有効である。例えば、イソブチレン単位、パラメチルスチレン単位及びパラブロモメチルスチレン単位を含む共重合体の臭素部分をリチオ化して活性部位とすることも有効である。
また、これらの共役ジエン化合物との共重合に用いられる芳香族ビニル化合物としては、例えばスチレン、α-メチルスチレン、1-ビニルナフタレン、3-ビニルトルエン、エチルビニルベンゼン、ジビニルベンゼン、4-シクロへキシルスチレン、2,4,6-トリメチルスチレン等が挙げられる。これらは単独で用いてもよく、二種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよいが、これらの中で、スチレンが特に好ましい。
また、溶液重合法を用いた場合には、溶媒中の単量体濃度は、好ましくは5~50質量%、より好ましくは10~30質量%である。尚、共役ジエン化合物と芳香族ビニル化合物を用いて共重合を行う場合、仕込み単量体混合物中の芳香族ビニル化合物の含量は0~55質量%の範囲が好ましい。
前記ヒドロカルビルリチウム及びリチウムアミド化合物については、前述した本発明の変性共役ジエン(共)重合体の製造方法において、示したとおりである。
前記リチウム化合物を重合開始剤として用い、アニオン重合によって共役ジエン系重合体を製造する方法としては、特に制限はなく、従来公知の方法を用いることができる。
これらのランダマイザーは、一種を単独で用いてもよく、二種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。また、その使用量は、リチウム化合物1モル当たり、好ましくは0.01~1000モル当量の範囲で選択される。
この重合においては、重合開始剤、溶媒、単量体等、重合に関与する全ての原材料は、水、酸素、二酸化炭素、プロトン性化合物等の反応阻害物質を除去したものを用いることが望ましい。
尚、エラストマーとして重合体を得る場合は、得られる重合体又は共重合体の、示差熱分析法により求めたガラス転移温度(Tg)が-95℃~-15℃であることが好ましい。ガラス転移温度を上記範囲にすることによって、粘度が高くなるのを抑え、取り扱いが容易な重合体を得ることができる。
本発明においては、上記のようにして得られた共役ジエン系重合体の活性末端に、1個のヒドロカルビルオキシ基と、1個の反応性基とが直接にケイ素原子に結合し、かつ1個の保護された第一アミノ基がアルキレン基を介して該ケイ素原子に結合してなる2官能性ケイ素原子を含む化合物(以下、「変性剤」と称することがある。)を反応させて変性反応を行う。
当該変性剤としては、例えば一般式(13)、一般式(14)及び一般式(15)で表されるケイ素化合物を挙げることができる。
上記炭素数1~20のヒドロカルビル基については、前記一般式(11)におけるR21、一般式(12)におけるR23で説明したとおりである。また、R37で示される炭素数1~12のアルキレン基としては、メチレン基、エチレン基、プロパン-1,3-ジイル基、ブタン-1,3-ジイル基、ブタン-1,4-ジイル基、ペンタン-1,3-ジイル基、ペンタン-1,5-ジイル基、ヘキサン-1,3-ジイル基、ヘキサン-1,6-ジイル基、ヘプタン-1,3-ジイル基、ヘプタン-1,7-ジイル基、オクタン-1,8-ジイル基、ノナン-1,9-ジイル基、デカン-1,10-ジイル基、シクロペンタン-1,3-ジイル基、シクロヘキサン-1,4-ジイル基等が挙げられる。
ここで、部分縮合物とは、変性剤のSi-ORの一部(全部ではない)が縮合によりSi-O-Si結合したものをいう。
上記の変性反応においては、使用する共役ジエン系重合体は、少なくとも10%のポリマー鎖がリビング性を有するものが好ましい。
なお、上記変性剤の添加方法は、特に制限されず、一括して添加する方法、分割して添加する方法、あるいは、連続的に添加する方法等が挙げられるが、一括して添加する方法が好ましい。
上記加水分解反応は、塩基性化合物と水とを加えて行うことが好ましい。塩基性化合物と水とを同時に加えても良いが、先に塩基性化合物又は塩基性化合物水溶液を重合反応系に加え、pHが9~13、好ましくは10~11になったことを確認してから、開始剤のLiモル量より過剰なモル量の水、例えば、2~4倍のモル量の水を加え、加水分解が終了するまで、例えば、10分~数時間重合反応系を撹拌するのが良い。
前記塩基性化合物としては、水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム等の水酸化アルカリ金属がコスト面から好ましく、水酸化ナトリウムが特に好ましい。
このようにして、加水分解反応及び脱保護反応を終了後、2,6-ジ-t-ブチル-p-クレゾール(BHT)のイソプロパノール溶液等を重合反応系に加えて、重合反応を停止する。
その後、水蒸気を吹き込んで溶剤の分圧を下げるスチームストリッピング等の脱溶媒処理や真空乾燥処理を施すことにより、分子鎖末端が、前記一般式(11)で表される構造を有する変性共役ジエン系重合体(a-1)が得られる。
本発明のゴム組成物IIにおいて、(A)成分のゴム成分に用いられる変性共役ジエン系重合体(a-2)は分子鎖末端が、下記一般式(12)
で表される構造を有している。
上記R23で表される炭素数1~20のヒドロカルビル基及びR25のうちの炭素数1~20のヒドロカルビル基は、前記一般式(11)のR21で説明したとおりである。また、R24で表される炭素数1~12のアルキレン基は、前記一般式(11)のR22で説明したとおりである。
なお、-(polymer)は共役ジエン系重合体のポリマー鎖である。
前述した、分子鎖末端が前記一般式(12)で表される構造を有する変性共役ジエン系重合体(a-2)は、本発明によれば、効率よく製造することができる。
本発明における変性共役ジエン系重合体(a-2)の製造方法は、(a)活性末端を有する共役ジエン系重合体の該活性末端に、1個のヒドロカルビルオキシ基と1個の反応性基とが直接にケイ素原子に結合し、かつ1個の保護された第一アミノ基がアルキレン基を介して該ケイ素原子に結合してなる2官能性ケイ素原子を含む化合物を反応させて、変性を行う工程、(b)チタン系、スズ(錫)系、アルミニウム系、ケイ素系、ジルコニウム系及びビスマス系の中から選ばれる少なくとも一種の縮合促進剤の存在下、前記の2官能性ケイ素原子を含む化合物が関与する縮合反応を行う工程、及び(c)加水分解反応と脱保護反応とを行う工程を施し、前記一般式(12)で表される変性共役ジエン系重合体(a-2)を得ることができる。
この変性共役ジエン系重合体(a-2)の製造方法においては、(a)工程の変性反応工程までは、前述の変性共役ジエン系重合体(a-1)の製造方法における変性反応と同様であるが、当該製造方法においては、(a)工程の変性反応工程後、(b)工程として、縮合促進剤の存在下、(a)工程で使用した2官能性ケイ素原子を含む化合物が関与する縮合反応を行う工程を施す。
この(b)工程においては、縮合促進剤として、チタン系、スズ系、アルミニウム系、ケイ素系、ジルコニウム系及びビスマス系の中から選ばれる少なくとも一種の金属化合物が好ましい。より具体的には、チタン系として、四価のチタンのアルコキシド、カルボン酸塩及びアセチルアセトナート錯塩、又はこれらの混合塩等が好適に挙げられ、スズ系として、二価のスズのジカルボン酸{特に、ビス(ヒドロカルビルカルボン酸)塩}や、四価のスズのジヒドロカルビルスズのジカルボン酸塩{ビス(ヒドロカルビルカルボン酸)}塩を含む)、ビス(β-ジケトネート)、アルコキシハライド、モノカルボン酸塩ヒドロキシド等を好適に挙げられる。スズに結合したヒドロカルビル基としては炭素数が4以上のものが望ましく、炭素数4から炭素数8のものが特に好ましい。
また、アルミニウム系として、三価のアルミニウムのアルコキシド、カルボン酸塩及びアセチルアセトナート錯塩又はこれらの混合塩等が好適に挙げられる。
以上より、縮合促進剤として、チタン、スズ及びアルミニウムから選ばれる金属のアルコキシド、カルボン酸塩及びアセチルアセトナート錯塩、又はこれらの混合塩の中から選ばれる少なくとも一種が好適である。
上述の縮合促進剤の内、チタン系が特に好適であり、チタン(Ti)のアルコキシド、カルボン酸塩及びアセチルアセトナート錯塩が好ましく用いられる。
チタン系縮合促進剤、スズ系縮合促進剤、アルミニウム系縮合促進剤、ビスマス系縮合促進剤及びジルコニウム系縮合促進剤の具体例としては、前述した本発明の変性共役ジエン(共)重合体の製造方法において例示したものを挙げることができる。
尚、水の反応系中への投入は、アルコール等の水と相溶性のある有機溶媒の溶液としてもよいし、種々の化学工学的手法を用いて水を直接炭化水素溶液中に注入・分散させても良い。また、水は縮合反応終了後に、スチームストリッピング等により加えても良い。
また、水のモル数は、反応系内に存在するヒドロカルビオキシシリル基の総量に対するモル比として、共に0.1以上が好ましい。上限は目的や反応条件によっても異なるが、縮合処理以前の段階で重合体活性部位に結合されたヒドロカルビオキシシリル基の量に対して0.5から3モル当量の有効な水が存在することが好ましい。
また、該縮合促進剤を用いた縮合反応は20℃以上の温度で行うことが好ましく、更には30~120℃の範囲が好ましい。反応時間としては、0.5分~10時間、好ましくは0.5分~5時間、より好ましくは0.5~120分程度、3~60分の範囲が更に好ましい。
なお、縮合反応時の反応系の圧力は、通常、0.01~20MPa、好ましくは0.05~10MPaである。
このようにして縮合反応を行ったのち、(c)工程として、加水分解反応と脱保護反応を行う。この加水分解反応と脱保護反応は、前述した変性共役ジエン系重合体(a-1)の製造における説明と同様にして実施することができる。
(c)工程の加水分解反応と脱保護反応を終了後前述の変性共役ジエン系重合体(a-1)の場合と同様に、2,6-ジ-t-ブチル-p-クレゾール(BHT)のイソプロパノール溶液等を重合反応系に加えて、重合反応を停止する。その後、スチームストリッピング等の脱溶媒処理や、熱ロール乾燥、真空乾燥等の乾燥処理を施すことにより分子鎖末端が、前記一般式(12)で表される構造を有する変性共役ジエン系重合体(a-2)が得られる。
本発明のゴム組成物IIにおける(A)ゴム成分は、前述のようにして得られた、分子鎖末端が、前記一般式(11)で表される変性共役ジエン系重合体(a-1)を一種用いてもよいし、二種以上組み合わせて用いてもよく、また、前記一般式(12)で表される変性共役ジエン系重合体(a-2)を一種用いてもよいし、二種以上組み合わせて用いてもよい。あるいは、変性共役ジエン系重合体(a-1)一種以上と変性共役ジエン系重合体(a-2)一種以上とを組み合わせて用いてもよい。
当該(A)ゴム成分中の変性共役ジエン系重合体(a-1)及び/又は(a-2)の含有量は、10質量%以上が好ましく、50質量%以上がより好ましい。変性共役ジエン系重合体の含有量が10質量%以上であれば、本発明の効果が良好に発揮される。
ここで、重量平均分子量(Mw)及び分子量分布は、GPC[東ソー製、HLC-8020]により検出器として屈折計を用いて測定し、単分散ポリスチレンを標準としたポリスチレン換算で示した。なお、カラムはGMHXL[東ソー製]で、溶離液はテトラヒドロフランである。
なお、ビニル結合含有量は、赤外法(モレロ法)により求めた。
<VOC測定方法>
15質量%n-ブタノール及び85質量%トルエンからなる溶媒中の0.2モル/Lトルエンスルホン酸/0.24モル/L水からなるシロキサン加水分解試薬で試料を処理し、未加硫ゴム組成物中に残留する[EtOSi]からのエタノールの化学量論的量をヘッドスペース/ガスクロマトグラフィーにより測定する。
本発明のゴム組成物IIにおいては、前記(A)ゴム成分100質量部に対して、(B)窒素吸着比表面積(N2SA)が20~100m2/gであるカーボンブラックを、10~100質量部の割合で用いる。
本発明のゴム組成物IIに用いられる変性共役ジエン系重合体(a-1)及び(a-2)は、分子鎖末端に遊離の第一アミノ基を有しており、この第一アミノ基は、特にN2SAが100m2/g以下のカーボンブラックに対して、極めて高い相互作用を示し、低発熱性能(低燃費性能)に優れるゴム組成物を与えるが、N2SAが100m2/gを超えるカーボンブラックに対しては、効果が充分に発揮されない。またN2SAが20m2/g未満では補強性が不足し、充分な耐久性が得られない。該N2SAは、好ましくは20~95m2/gであり、より好ましくは25~90m2/gである。なお、このN2SAは、JIS K 6217-2:2001に準拠して測定される値である。
このようなカーボンブラックとしては、例えばHAF、FEF、GPF、SRF、N339、IISAF-HS(N285)等が挙げられる。
(A)ゴム成分100質量部に対し、当該カーボンブラックの含有量が10質量部未満では充分な補強効果が得られず、100質量部を超えると混練りや押出しが困難となる。好ましいカーボンブラックの含有量は20~80質量部であり、より好ましくは30~70質量部である。
本発明のゴム組成物IIは、硫黄架橋性であることが好ましく、加硫剤として硫黄が好適に用いられる。その使用量としては、ゴム成分100質量部に対し、硫黄分(硫黄及び硫黄供与剤の硫黄分の合計量)を0.1~10質量部配合することが好ましい。この範囲であれば、加硫ゴム組成物の必要な弾性率及び強度を確保すると共に低燃費性を得ることができるからである。この観点から、硫黄分を0.5~5質量部配合することが更に好ましい。
本発明のゴム組成物IIは、前記配合処方により、バンバリーミキサー、ロール、インターナルミキサー等の混練り機を用いて混練りすることによって得られ、成形加工後、加硫を行い、例えばタイヤ、特に、空気入りタイヤのサイドウォール、サイド補強層やビードフィラー等として用いられる。
本発明のタイヤIIは、本発明のゴム組成物IIをサイドウォール、サイド補強層やビードフィラー等に用いて通常の空気入りタイヤ又はランフラットタイヤ等の製造方法によって製造される。すなわち、前記のように各種薬品を含有させた本発明のゴム組成物が未加硫の段階で各部材に加工され、タイヤ成形機上で通常の方法により貼り付け成形され、生タイヤが成形される。この生タイヤを加硫機中で加熱加圧して、タイヤが得られる。
このようにして得られた本発明のタイヤIIは、通常走行時の転がり抵抗性を軽減し低燃費性を向上させたものとなる。また、ランフラットタイヤのサイド補強層やビードフィラーに用いれば、通常走行時の低燃費性に加えて、ランフラット耐久性をも向上させたものとなる。
[タイヤIII]
先ず、本発明のタイヤIIIを以下、図面に基づいて説明する。図1は、本発明のタイヤの一実施態様の断面を示す模式図である。
図1において、本発明のタイヤIIIの好適な実施態様は、一対のビードコア1、1'間にわたってトロイド状に連なり、両端部が該ビードコア1をタイヤ内側から外側へ巻き上げられる少なくとも1枚のラジアルカーカスプライからなるカーカス層2と、該カーカス層2のサイド領域のタイヤ軸方向外側に配置されて外側部を形成するサイドゴム層3と、該カーカス層2のクラウン領域のタイヤ径方向外側に配置されて接地部を形成するトレッドゴム層4と、該トレッドゴム層4と該カーカス層2のクラウン領域の間に配置されて補強ベルトを形成するベルト層5と、該カーカス層2のタイヤ内方全面に配置されて気密膜を形成するインナーライナー6と、一方の該ビードコア1から他方の該ビードコア1'へ延びる該カーカス層2本体部分と該ビードコア1に巻き上げられる巻上部分との間に配置されるビードフィラー7と、該カーカス層のサイド領域の該ビードフィラー7側部からショルダー区域10にかけて、該カーカス層2と該インナーライナー6との間に、タイヤ回転軸に沿った断面形状が略三日月形である、少なくとも1枚のサイド補強層8とを具えるタイヤであって、サイド補強層8及び/又はビードフィラー7に、前述した本発明の変性共役ジエン(共)重合体Iを10質量%以上含むゴム成分100質量部に対して、窒素吸着比表面積が20~90m2/gであるカーボンブラックを10~100質量部配合してなるゴム組成物IIIを用いることを特徴とする。
また、アルコキシシラン化合物により変性された変性共役ジエン系重合体は、一般に重合体同士が反応して多量化し、未加硫ゴム組成物の粘度を高めて加工性を悪化させる。これに対し、本発明に係る第一アミノ基を有するアルコキシシラン化合物により変性された変性共役ジエン系重合体であって、変性反応の途中及び/又は終了後に反応系に縮合促進剤を加え、水蒸気又は水の存在下で縮合反応を進行させた変性共役ジエン系重合体IIIは、過度の多量化を防止するため、未加硫ゴム組成物の粘度を高めて加工性を悪化させることはない。
また、共役ジエン系重合体のガラス転移温度が-30℃以下であることが好ましい。
また、共役ジエン化合物との共重合に用いられる芳香族ビニル化合物としては、例えばスチレン:α-メチルスチレン:1-ビニルナフタレン;3-ビニルトルエン;エチルビニルベンゼン:ジビニルベンゼン:4-シクロへキシルスチレン;2,4,6-トリメチルスチレン等が挙げられる。これらは単独で用いてもよく、二種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよいが、これらの中で、スチレンが特に好ましい。
前記ヒドロカルビルリチウム及びリチウムアミド化合物については、前述した本発明の変性共役ジエン(共)重合体の製造方法において、示したとおりである。
また、この重合開始剤の使用量は、好ましくは単量体100g当たり、0.2~20ミリモルの範囲で選定される。
具体的には、反応に不活性な有機溶剤、例えば脂肪族、脂環族、芳香族炭化水素化合物等の炭化水素系溶剤中において、共役ジエン化合物又は共役ジエン化合物と芳香族ビニル化合物を、前記リチウム化合物を重合開始剤として、所望により、用いられるランダマイザーの存在下にアニオン重合させることにより、目的の活性末端を有する共役ジエン系重合体が得られる。
また、リチウム化合物を重合開始剤として用いた場合には、前述のランタン系列希土類元素化合物を含む触媒を用いた場合に比べ、活性末端を有する共役ジエン系重合体のみならず、活性末端を有する共役ジエン化合物と芳香族ビニル化合物の共重合体も効率よく得ることができる。
また、溶媒中の単量体濃度は、好ましくは5~50質量%、より好ましくは10~30質量%である。尚、共役ジエン化合物と芳香族ビニル化合物を用いて共重合を行う場合、仕込み単量体混合物中の芳香族ビニル化合物の含量は55質量%以下の範囲が好ましい。
例えばN,N-ビス(トリメチルシリル)アミノプロピルメチルジメトキシシラン、1-トリメチルシリル-2,2-ジメトキシ-1-アザ-2-シラシクロペンタン、N,N-ビス(トリメチルシリル)アミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン、N,N-ビス(トリメチルシリル)アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン、N,N-ビス(トリメチルシリル)アミノプロピルメチルジエトキシシラン、N,N-ビス(トリメチルシリル)アミノエチルトリメトキシシラン、N,N-ビス(トリメチルシリル)アミノエチルトリエトキシシラン、N,N-ビス(トリメチルシリル)アミノエチルメチルジメトキシシラン及びN,N-ビス(トリメチルシリル)アミノエチルメチルジエトキシシラン等を挙げることができ、好ましくは、N,N-ビス(トリメチルシリル)アミノプロピルメチルジメトキシシラン、N,N-ビス(トリメチルシリル)アミノプロピルメチルジエトキシシラン又は1-トリメチルシリル-2,2-ジメトキシ-1-アザ-2-シラシクロペンタンである
これらの変性剤は、一種単独で用いてもよく、二種以上組み合わせて用いてもよい。またこの変性剤は部分縮合物であってもよい。
ここで、部分縮合物とは、変性剤のSiORの一部(全部ではない)が縮合によりSiOSi結合したものをいう。
なお、前記変性剤の添加方法は、特に制限されず、一括して添加する方法、分割して添加する方法、あるいは、連続的に添加する方法等が挙げられるが、一括して添加する方法が好ましい。
また、変性剤は、重合開始末端や重合終了末端以外に重合体主鎖や側鎖のいずれに結合させることもできるが、重合体末端からエネルギー消失を抑制して低発熱性を改良しうる点から、重合開始末端あるいは重合終了末端に導入されていることが好ましい。
このような縮合促進剤としては、第三アミノ基を含有する化合物、又は周期律表(長周期型)の3族、4族、5族、12族、13族、14族及び15族のうちのいずれかの属する元素を一種以上含有する有機化合物を用いることができる。さらに縮合促進剤として、チタン(Ti)、ジルコニウム(Zr)、ビスマス(Bi)、アルミニウム(Al)、及びスズ(Sn)からなる群から選択される少なくとも一種以上の金属を含有する、アルコキシド、カルボン酸塩、トリアルキルシロキサン又はアセチルアセトナート錯塩であることが好ましい。
ここで用いる縮合促進剤は、前記変性反応前に添加することもできるが、変性反応の途中及び又は終了後に変性反応系に添加することが好ましい。変性反応前に添加した場合、活性末端との直接反応が起こり、活性末端に加水分解により第一アミノ基を生成し得る前駆体を有するヒドロカルビロキシ基が導入されない場合がある。
縮合促進剤の添加時期としては、通常、変性反応開始5分~5時間後、好ましくは変性反応開始15分~1時間後である。
これらの縮合促進剤の内、チタン化合物が好ましく、チタン金属のアルコキシド、チタン金属のカルボン酸塩、又はチタン金属のアセチルアセトナート錯塩が特に好ましい。
この縮合促進剤の使用量としては、前記化合物のモル数が、反応系内に存在するヒドロカルビロキシ基総量に対するモル比として、0.1~10となることが好ましく、0.5~5が特に好ましい。縮合促進剤の使用量を前記範囲にすることによって縮合反応が効率よく進行する。
また、縮合反応を有機溶媒中に水が液滴として分散している系又は水溶液中で行ってもよく、縮合反応温度は20~180℃が好ましく、より好ましくは30~170℃、さらに好ましくは50~170℃、特に好ましくは80~150℃である。
縮合反応時の温度を前記範囲にすることによって、縮合反応を効率よく進行完結することができ、得られる変性共役ジエン系重合体の経時変化によるポリマーの老化反応等による品質の低下等を抑えることができる。
なお、縮合反応時の反応系の圧力は、通常、0.01~20MPa、好ましくは0.05~10MPaである。
縮合反応を水溶液中で行う場合の形式については特に制限はなく、バッチ式反応器を用いても、多段連続式反応器等の装置を用いて連続式で行ってもよい。また、この縮合反応と脱溶媒を同時に行っても良い。
なお、一般的な老化防止剤(N-(1,3-ジメチルブチル)-N’-フェニル-p-フェニレンジアミン、BHT等のフェノール系老化防止剤等)は、変性後のどの段階でも投入可能である。
また、前記変性共役ジエン系重合体を配合した本発明に係る未加硫ゴム組成物のムーニー粘度(ML1+4,130℃)は、好ましくは10~150、より好ましくは15~100である。
変性共役ジエン系重合体IIIの変性前の分子量分布(Mw/Mn)を前記範囲内にすることで該変性ポリブタジエンゴムをゴム組成物に配合しても、ゴム組成物の作業性を低下させることがなく、混練りが容易で、ゴム組成物の物性を十分に向上させることができる。ここで、変性前とは、未変性共役ジエン系重合体の活性末端と、重合停止剤又は変性剤とを反応させる前に常法に従い単離した場合をいう。また、常法とは、例えば、測定に必要な量の未変性共役ジエン系重合体を重合反応液から引き抜けば良い。
通常、カーボンブラックの窒素吸着比表面積が小さくなるに従ってその組成物は低発熱性(低燃費性)になるが、本発明に係る活性末端に第一アミノ基を導入し、さらに変性反応の途中及び又は終了後に変性反応系に縮合促進剤を加えてなる変性共役ジエン系重合体と組み合わせて用いることによって、未変性の共役ジエン系重合体を使用した場合に比べ、前記カーボンブラックの効果を差し引いても窒素吸着比表面積が小さくなるに従って本発明に係るゴム組成物は低発熱性(低燃費性)及び耐破壊特性に優れるという特徴を有している。
また、本発明に係るゴム組成物IIIで使用できる軟化剤として用いるプロセス油としては、例えば、パラフィン系、ナフテン系、アロマチック系等を挙げることができる。引張強度、耐摩耗性を重視する用途にはアロマチック系が、ヒステリシスロス、低温特性を重視する用途にはナフテン系又はパラフィン系が用いられる。その使用量は、ゴム成分100質量部に対して、0~50質量部が好ましく、50質量部以下であれば加硫ゴムの引張強度、低発熱性(低燃費性)が悪化するのを抑制することができる。
このようにして得られた本発明のタイヤIIIは、ランフラット走行時の耐久性と通常走行時の転がり抵抗性との双方に優れている。
なお、下記の各例で得られた変性共役ジエン(共)重合体からのアルコール揮発量、変性共役ジエン(共)重合体のシラノール生成率及び加硫ゴム組成物の動的損失正接(tanδ)は、下記の方法に従って測定した。
(1)アルコール揮発量
15質量%n-ブタノール及び85質量%トルエンからなる溶媒中の(0.2モル/リットル トルエンスルホン酸)/(0.24モル/リットル 水)からなるシロキサン加水分解試薬で試料を処理し、供試変性共役ジエン(共)重合体中に残留する[EtOSi]からのエタノールの化学量論的量をヘッドスペース/ガスクロマトグラフィーにより測定した。
(2)変性共役ジエン(共)重合体のシラノール生成率
アルコキシシラン基の加水分解量については、エトキシシリル基の例で説明する。1H-NMRにおいて、変性された重合体のSiOCH2CH3に特徴づけられる3.6-3.7ppm付近の多重バンドと、ベース部分の数平均分子量から計算を行い、重合体のアルコキシシラン量M(%)を算出した。GPCの注入サンプル量対比のベース同等成分のピーク面積から、GPCでの未カップリング成分の比率RGPC%を計算した。カップリングなどの後反応成分を減ずるために、前記M(%)とRGPC%との差を求め、これをシラノール生成数を100として計算した。シラノール生成率に用いる数平均分子量は、Mark-Houwink式で校正したGPCから求めた数平均分子量を適用した。
(3)動的損失正接(tanδ)
粘弾性測定装置(レオメトリックス社製)を使用し、温度60℃、歪み5%、周波数15Hzでtanδを測定した。表1においては比較例1のtanδを100として下記式にて指数表示した。指数値が小さい程、低発熱性であり、ヒステリシスロスが小さいことを示す。
動的損失正接(tanδ)指数={(供試加硫ゴム組成物のtanδ)/(比較例1の加硫ゴム組成物のtanδ)}×100
また、以下に示す例で得られた未変性共役ジエン(共)重合体及び変性共役ジエン(共)重合体の結合ビニル含量、結合スチレン含量並びに重量平均分子量(Mw)、数平均分子量(Mn)及び分子量分布(Mw/Mn)は、下記の方法で測定した。
(4)結合ビニル含量(ジエン部分全体に対する%)
270MHz1H-NMRによって求めた。
(5)結合スチレン含量(ポリマー中の質量%)
270MHz1H-NMRによって求めた。
(6)Mn、Mw及びMw/Mn
GPC[東ソー製、HLC-8220]により検出器として屈折計を用いて測定し、単分散ポリスチレンを標準としたポリスチレン換算で示した。なお、カラムはGMHXL[東ソー製]で、溶離液はテトラヒドロフランである。
乾燥し、窒素置換された300ミリリットルの耐圧ガラス容器に、N-(1,3-ジメチルブチリデン)-3-(トリエトキシシリル)-1-プロパンアミンの1モル/リットル シクロヘキサン溶液を調製し、これの2倍モル量となるように、メチルリチウム(MeLi)の2モル/リットル ジエチルエーテル溶液を滴下し、よく撹拌することにより、有機シラン化合物a{N-(1,3-ジメチルブチリデン)-3-(ジメチルエトキシシリル)-1-プロパンアミン}の変性剤溶液(a)を調製した。
なお、N-(1,3-ジメチルブチリデン)-3-(トリエトキシシリル)-1-プロパンアミンは、チッソ(株)製、商標「サイラエース S340」を用いた。
乾燥し、窒素置換された300ミリリットルの耐圧ガラス容器に、3-ジメチルアミノプロピルトリメトキシシランの1モル/リットル シクロヘキサン溶液を調製し、これと等モルとなるように、メチルリチウム(MeLi)の1モル/リットル ジエチルエーテル溶液を滴下し、よく撹拌することにより、有機シラン化合物b{3-ジメチルアミノプロピル(ジメトキシ)メチルシラン}の変性剤溶液(b)を調製した。
乾燥し、窒素置換された300ミリリットルの耐圧ガラス容器に、N-(3-トリエトキシシリルプロピル〕-4,5-ジヒドロイミダゾールの1モル/リットル シクロヘキサン溶液を調製し、これと等モルとなるように、メチルリチウム(MeLi)の1モル/リットル ジエチルエーテル溶液を滴下し、よく撹拌することにより、有機シラン化合物cの変性剤溶液(c){N-(3-メチルジエトキシシリルプロピル〕-4,5-ジヒドロイミダゾール}を調製した。
乾燥し、窒素置換された300ミリリットルの耐圧ガラス容器に、3-グリシドキシプロピルトリメトキシシランの1モル/リットル シクロヘキサン溶液を調製し、これの2倍モル量となるように、メチルリチウム(MeLi)の2モル/リットル ジエチルエーテル溶液を滴下し、よく撹拌することにより、有機シラン化合物d{(3-グリシドキシプロピル)ジメチルメトキシシラン}の変性剤溶液(d)を調製した。
窒素雰囲気下、攪拌機を備えたガラスフラスコ中のジクロロメタン溶媒400ml中にアミノシラン部位として36gの3-アミノプロピルメチルジエトキシシラン(Gelest社製)を加えた後、さらに保護部位として塩化トリメチルシラン(Aldrich社製)48ml、トリエチルアミン53mlを溶液中に加え、17時間室温下で攪拌し、その後反応溶液をエバポレーターにかけることにより溶媒を取り除き、反応混合物を得、さらに得られた反応混合物を5mm/Hg条件下で減圧蒸留することにより、130~135℃留分として有機シラン化合物e{N,N-ビス(トリメチルシリル)アミノプロピルメチルジエトキシシラン}を40g得た。
3-グリシドキシプロピルトリメトキシシランのかわりに、2-シアノエチルトリエトキシシランを原料に使用した以外は合成例4と同様にして、シラン化合物f{2-シアノエチルジメチルエトキシシラン}の変性剤溶液(f)を調製した。
<活性末端を有する共役ジエン共重合体の製造>
乾燥し、窒素置換した800mLの耐圧ガラス容器に、1,3-ブタジエンのシクロヘキサン溶液及びスチレンのシクロヘキサン溶液を、1,3-ブタジエン60g及びスチレン15gとなるように加え、2,2-ジテトラヒドロフリルプロパン0.70mmolを加え、さらにn-ブチルリチウム(BuLi)0.70mmolを加えた後、50℃の温水浴中で1.5時間重合反応を行なった。この際の重合転化率は、ほぼ100%であった。
<変性反応工程>
次に、重合反応系に合成例1で得た有機シラン化合物aのリチウム(Li)対比等モルとなる量を加えて、さらに50℃で30分間変性反応を行った。
<加水分解工程及びその後の工程>
その後、重合反応系に、希塩酸1.5mlを少しずつ加え、次に、水をリチウム(Li)対比3倍のモル量加え、30分間撹拌した。次に、重合反応系に、2,6-ジ-tert-ブチル-p-クレゾール(BHT)のイソプロパノール溶液を加えて重合反応を停止させた。その後、水蒸気を吹き込んで溶剤の分圧を下げて(スチームストリッピング)脱溶媒した後、真空乾燥して変性共役ジエン共重合体Aを得た。得られた変性共役ジエン共重合体Aのスチレン含有量及びブタジエン部分のビニル結合含有量並びに重合平均分子量を表1に示す。
なお、重量平均分子量(Mw)は、GPC[東ソー製、HLC-8020]により検出器として屈折計を用いて測定し、単分散ポリスチレンを標準としたポリスチレン換算で示した。なお、カラムはGMHXL[東ソー製]で、溶離液はテトラヒドロフランである。
製造実施例1で用いた有機シラン化合物aの代わりに合成例2の有機シラン化合物bを用いた以外は製造実施例1と同様にして変性共役ジエン共重合体Bを得た。得られた変性共役ジエン共重合体Bのスチレン含有量及びブタジエン部分のビニル結合含有量並びに重合平均分子量を表1に示す。
製造実施例1で用いた有機シラン化合物aの代わりに合成例3の有機シラン化合物cを用いた以外は製造実施例1と同様にして変性共役ジエン共重合体Cを得た。得られた変性共役ジエン共重合体Cのスチレン含有量及びブタジエン部分のビニル結合含有量並びに重合平均分子量を表1に示す。
製造実施例1で用いた有機シラン化合物aの代わりに合成例5の有機シラン化合物eを用いた以外は製造実施例1と同様にして変性共役ジエン共重合体Dを得た。得られた変性共役ジエン共重合体Dのスチレン含有量及びブタジエン部分のビニル結合含有量並びに重合平均分子量を表1に示す。
<触媒の調製>
乾燥・窒素置換された、ゴム詮付容積100ミリリットルのガラスびんに、以下の順番に、ブタジエンのシクロヘキサン溶液(15.2重量%)7.11g、ネオジムネオデカノエートのシクロヘキサン溶液(0.56M)0.59ミリリットル、メチルアルミノキサンMAO(東ソーアクゾ製PMAO)のトルエン溶液(アルミニウム濃度として3.23M)10.32ミリリットル、水素化ジイソブチルアルミニウム(関東化学製)のヘキサン溶液(0.90M)7.77ミリリットルを投入し、室温で2分間熟成した後、塩素化ジエチルアルミニウム(関東化学製)のヘキサン溶液(0.95M)1.45ミリリットルを加え室温で、時折攪拌しながら15分間熟成した。こうして得られた触媒溶液中のネオジムの濃度は、0.011M(モル/リットル)であった。
<活性末端を有する共役ジエン重合体の製造>
約900ミリリットル容積のゴム栓付きガラスびんを乾燥・窒素置換し、乾燥精製されたブタジエンのシクロヘキサン溶液及び乾燥シクロヘキサンを各々投入し、ブタジエン12.5wt%のシクロヘキサン溶液が400g投入された状態とした。次に、前記調製した触媒溶液2.28ミリリットル(ネオジム換算0.025mmol)を投入し、50℃温水浴中で1.0時間重合を行った。
<変性反応工程>
次に、重合反応系に合成例4で得た有機シラン化合物dをネオジム対比モル当量となる量を投入し、50℃で60分間処理した。
<加水分解工程及びその後の工程>
その後、重合反応系に、1モル/リットルの水酸化ナトリウム(NaOH)水溶液を少しずつ加え、pH10.5になった段階で、水をネオジム対比3倍のモル量加え、30分間撹拌した(加水分解工程)。次に、重合系に、老化防止剤2,2'-メチレン-ビス(4-エチル-6-t-ブチルフェノール)(NS-5)のイソプロパノール5%溶液2ミリリットルを加えて反応の停止を行い、さらに微量のNS-5を含むイソプロパノール中で再沈殿を行ない、ドラム乾燥することにより変性共役ジエン重合体Eを得た。得られた変性共役ジエン重合体Eのビニル結合含有量及び重合平均分子量を表2に示す。
乾燥し、窒素置換した800mLの耐圧ガラス容器に、1,3-ブタジエンのシクロヘキサン溶液及びスチレンのシクロヘキサン溶液を、1,3-ブタジエン60g及びスチレン15gとなるように加え、2,2-ジテトラヒドロフリルプロパン0.70mmolを加え、さらにn-ブチルリチウム(BuLi)0.70mmolを加えた後、50℃の温水浴中で1.5時間重合反応を行なった。この際の重合転化率は、ほぼ100%であった。次に、重合反応系に、2,6-ジ-tert-ブチル-p-クレゾール(BHT)のイソプロパノール溶液を加えて重合反応を停止させた。その後、真空乾燥して無変性共役ジエン共重合体Fを得た。得られた無変性共役ジエン共重合体Fのスチレン含有量及びブタジエン部分のビニル結合含有量並びに重合平均分子量を表1に示す。
乾燥し、窒素置換した800mLの耐圧ガラス容器に、1,3-ブタジエンのシクロヘキサン溶液及びスチレンのシクロヘキサン溶液を、1,3-ブタジエン60g及びスチレン15gとなるように加え、2,2-ジテトラヒドロフリルプロパン0.70mmolを加え、さらにn-ブチルリチウム(BuLi)0.70mmolを加えた後、50℃の温水浴中で1.5時間重合反応を行なった。この際の重合転化率は、ほぼ100%であった。次に、重合反応系にジメチルジクロロシランのリチウム(Li)対比等モルとなる量を加えて、さらに50℃で30分間変性反応を行った。その後、重合反応系に、2,6-ジ-tert-ブチル-p-クレゾール(BHT)のイソプロパノール溶液を加えて重合反応を停止させた後、水蒸気を吹き込んで溶剤の分圧を下げて(スチームストリッピング)脱溶媒した後、真空乾燥して変性共役ジエン共重合体Gを得た。得られた変性共役ジエン共重合体Gのスチレン含有量及びブタジエン部分のビニル結合含有量並びに重合平均分子量を表1に示す。
乾燥し、窒素置換した800mLの耐圧ガラス容器に、1,3-ブタジエンのシクロヘキサン溶液及びスチレンのシクロヘキサン溶液を、1,3-ブタジエン60g及びスチレン15gとなるように加え、2,2-ジテトラヒドロフリルプロパン0.70mmolを加え、さらにn-ブチルリチウム(BuLi)0.70mmolを加えた後、50℃の温水浴中で1.5時間重合反応を行なった。この際の重合転化率は、ほぼ100%であった。次に、重合反応系に合成例1で得た有機シラン化合物aのリチウム(Li)対比等モルとなる量を加えて、さらに50℃で30分間変性反応を行った。その後、重合反応系に、2,6-ジ-tert-ブチル-p-クレゾール(BHT)のイソプロパノール溶液を加えて重合反応を停止させた。その後、真空乾燥して変性共役ジエン共重合体Hを得た。得られた変性共役ジエン共重合体Hのスチレン含有量及びブタジエン部分のビニル結合含有量並びに重合平均分子量を表1に示す。
製造比較例3で用いた有機シラン化合物aの代わりに合成例2の有機シラン化合物bを用いた以外は製造比較例3と同様にして変性共役ジエン共重合体Iを得た。得られた変性共役ジエン共重合体Iのスチレン含有量及びブタジエン部分のビニル結合含有量並びに重合平均分子量を表1に示す。
製造比較例3で用いた有機シラン化合物aの代わりに合成例3の有機シラン化合物cを用いた以外は製造比較例3と同様にして変性共役ジエン共重合体Jを得た。得られた変性共役ジエン共重合体Jのスチレン含有量及びブタジエン部分のビニル結合含有量並びに重合平均分子量を表1に示す。
製造比較例3で用いた有機シラン化合物aの代わりに合成例5の有機シラン化合物eを用いた以外は製造比較例3と同様にして変性共役ジエン共重合体Kを得た。得られた変性共役ジエン共重合体Kのスチレン含有量及びブタジエン部分のビニル結合含有量並びに重合平均分子量を表1に示す。
製造比較例3で用いた有機シラン化合物aの代わりにテトラエトキシシランを用いた以外は製造比較例3と同様にして変性共役ジエン共重合体Lを得た。得られた変性共役ジエン共重合体Lのスチレン含有量及びブタジエン部分のビニル結合含有量並びに重合平均分子量を表1に示す。
製造実施例5の変性共役ジエン共重合体Eの製造と同様に、活性末端を有する共役ジエン重合体を製造し、変性反応工程を実施した。続いて、加水分解工程を実施することなく、その代わりに、ソルビタントリオレイン酸エステル(糖エステル:関東化学製)を単体で1.2ml加えて、さらに50℃で1時間変性反応を行った後、重合系に老化防止剤2,2'-メチレン-ビス(4-エチル-6-t-ブチルフェノール)(NS-5)のイソプロパノール5%溶液2ミリリットルを加えて反応の停止を行い、さらに微量のNS-5を含むイソプロパノール中で再沈殿を行ない、ドラム乾燥することにより変性共役ジエン重合体Mを得た。得られた変性共役ジエン重合体Mのビニル結合含有量及び重合平均分子量を表2に示す。
製造実施例1~4及び製造比較例2~7で得られた変性共役ジエン共重合体A~D及びG~L並びに製造比較例1で得られた未変性共役ジエン共重合体Fを用いアルコール揮発量及びシラノール生成率を測定すると共に、表3及び表4に示す配合処方に従い、実施例1~4及び比較例1~7の22種類のゴム組成物を調製した。これら22種類の未加硫ゴム組成物を165℃、15分間加硫した後、動的損失正接(tanδ)を測定した。結果を表1に示す。
さらに、製造実施例5及び製造比較例8で得られた変性共役ジエン重合体E及びMを用いアルコール揮発量を測定すると共に、表3及び表4に示す配合処方に従い、実施例5及び比較例8の2種類のゴム組成物を調製した。これら2種類の未加硫ゴム組成物を165℃、15分間加硫した後、動的損失正接(tanδ)を測定した。結果を表2に示す。
1)変性共役ジエン(共)重合体:製造実施例1~4及び製造比較例2~7で得られた変性共役ジエン共重合体A~D及びF~K、製造比較例1で得られた無変性共役ジエン共重合体F並びに製造実施例5及び製造比較例8で得られた変性共役ジエン共重合体E及びM2)ポリイソプレンゴム:ジェイエスアール社製 商品名「IR2200」
3)アロマティックオイル:富士興産(株)製 商標「アロマックス#3」
4)シリカ:東ソー・シリカ(株)製 商標「ニプシルAQ」
5)シランカップリング剤:ビス(3-トリエトキシシリルプロピル)テトラスルフィド、デグサ社製 商標「Si69」
6)老化防止剤6C:N-(1,3-ジメチルブチル)-N’-フェニル-p-フェニレンジアミン、精工化学(株)製 商標「オゾノン6C」
7)加硫促進剤DPG:ジフェニルグアニジン、大内新興化学工業(株)製 商標「ノクセラーD」
8)加硫促進剤DM:ジベンゾチアジルジスルフィド、大内新興化学工業(株)製 商標「ノクセラーDM」
9)加硫促進剤CZ:N-シクロヘキシル-2-ベンゾチアジルスルフェンアミド、大内新興化学工業(株)製 商標「ノクセラーCZ」
1)~3)及び6)~9)は表3と同じ。
4)カーボンブラック:ISAF{N2SA(m2/g)=115(m2/g)}、旭カーボン(株)製 商標「旭#80」
また、本発明の変性共役ジエン共重合体はシラノール基と、シラノール基と補強性充填材との反応を促進する官能基との双方を含むので、実施例1~4のゴム組成物は、比較例1、2及び7のゴム組成物対比、シリカ配合処方及びカーボンブラック配合処方のいずれにおいても、tanδ指数が低く(即ち、tanδが小さく)低発熱性が向上した。そして、実施例1のゴム組成物は比較例3のゴム組成物と比較して、実施例2のゴム組成物は比較例4のゴム組成物と比較して、実施例3のゴム組成物は比較例5のゴム組成物と比較して、実施例4のゴム組成物は比較例6のゴム組成物と比較して、シリカ配合処方において、tanδ指数が低く(即ち、tanδが小さく)低発熱性が向上した。
また、本発明の変性共役ジエン重合体はシラノール基と、シラノール基と補強性充填材との反応を促進する官能基との双方を含むので、実施例5のゴム組成物は、比較例8のゴム組成物対比、シリカ配合処方及びカーボンブラック配合処方のいずれにおいても、tanδ指数が低く(即ち、tanδが小さく)低発熱性が向上した。
次に、これら2種類のゴム組成物を空気入りタイヤのキャップトレッド(トレッドの踏面側)に配設して、それぞれ乗用車用のタイヤサイズ215/45ZR17の冬用空気入りタイヤを常法に従って製造し、それら2種類の空気入りタイヤについて転がり抵抗をSAE J2452に準拠して測定したところ、実施例5の空気入りタイヤは、比較例8の空気入りタイヤ対比、シリカ配合処方及びカーボンブラック配合処方のいずれにおいても、転がり抵抗が低く、低燃費性に優れるものであった。
<活性末端を活性部位とする共役ジエン共重合体の製造>
乾燥し、窒素置換した800mLの耐圧ガラス容器に、1,3-ブタジエンのシクロヘキサン溶液及びスチレンのシクロヘキサン溶液を、1,3-ブタジエン60g及びスチレン15gとなるように加え、2,2-ジテトラヒドロフリルプロパン0.70mmolを加え、更にn-ブチルリチウム(BuLi)0.70mmolを加えた後、50℃の温水浴中で1.5時間重合反応を行った。この際の重合転化率は、ほぼ100%であった。
次に、重合反応系に合成例2で得た有機シラン化合物としてシラン化合物bを、リチウム(Li)対比等モルとなる量を加えて、50℃で30分間変性反応を行った。
その後、重合反応系に、希塩酸1.5mlを少しずつ加え、次に、水をリチウム(Li)対比3倍のモル量加え、30分間撹拌した。(加水分解工程)。
加水分解反応後、重合反応系に、2,6-ジ-tert-ブチル-p-クレゾール(BHT)のイソプロパノール溶液を加えた。その後、水蒸気を吹き込んで溶剤の分圧を下げて(スチームストリッピング)脱溶媒した後、真空乾燥して変性共役ジエン系重合体を得た。
さらに、縮合促進剤を添加していない変性共役ジエン系重合体との結果を比較して縮合促進剤によるtanδの変化幅を求めた。これらの結果を下記表6に示す。
ゴム組成物の調製時に縮合促進剤として、Ti(EHDO)4を使用した以外は、実施例6と同様にして、変性共役ジエン系重合体およびゴム組成物を作製した。また、実施例6と同様の評価を行った。結果を下記表6に示す。
ゴム組成物の調製時に縮合促進剤として、Ti(EHO)4を使用した以外は、実施例6と同様にして、変性共役ジエン系重合体およびゴム組成物を作製した。また、実施例6と同様の評価を行った。結果を下記表6に示す。
ゴム組成物の調製時に縮合促進剤として、ZrO(EHA)2を使用した以外は、実施例6と同様にして、変性共役ジエン系重合体およびゴム組成物を作製した。また、実施例6と同様の評価を行った。結果を下記表6に示す。
有機シラン化合物としてシラン化合物aを使用し、ゴム組成物の調製時に縮合促進剤としてTi(EHO)4を使用した以外は、実施例6と同様にして、変性共役ジエン系重合体および各種ゴム組成物を作製した。また、実施例6と同様の評価を行った。結果を下記表6に示す。
有機シラン化合物としてシラン化合物eを使用し、ゴム組成物の調製時に縮合促進剤としてTi(EHO)4を使用した以外は、実施例6と同様にして、変性共役ジエン系重合体およびゴム組成物を作製した。また、実施例6と同様の評価を行った。結果を下記表6に示す。
有機シラン化合物としてシラン化合物cを使用し、ゴム組成物の調製時に縮合促進剤としてTi(EHO)4を使用した以外は、実施例6と同様にして、変性共役ジエン系重合体およびゴム組成物を作製した。また、実施例6と同様の評価を行った。結果を下記表6に示す。
有機シラン化合物としてシラン化合物fを使用し、ゴム組成物の調製時に縮合促進剤としてTi(EHO)4を使用した以外は、実施例6と同様にして、変性共役ジエン系重合体およびゴム組成物を作製した。また、実施例6と同様の評価を行った。結果を下記表6に示す。
変性剤として四塩化スズを使用し、加水分解工程および縮合工程を設けず、かつゴム組成物の調製時に縮合促進剤を加えなかった以外は、実施例6と同様にして、変性共役ジエン系重合体およびゴム組成物を作製した。また、実施例6と同様の評価を行った。結果を下記表7に示す。
有機シラン化合物としてシラン化合物aを使用し、加水分解工程および縮合工程を設けず、かつゴム組成物の調製時に縮合促進剤を加えなかった以外は、実施例6と同様にして、変性共役ジエン系重合体およびゴム組成物を作製した。また、実施例6と同様の評価を行った。結果を下記表7に示す。
有機シラン化合物としてシラン化合物bを使用し、加水分解工程および縮合工程を設けず、かつゴム組成物の調製時に縮合促進剤を加えなかった以外は、実施例6と同様にして、変性共役ジエン系重合体およびゴム組成物を作製した。また、実施例6と同様の評価を行った。結果を下記表7に示す。
有機シラン化合物としてシラン化合物cを使用し、加水分解工程および縮合工程を設けず、かつゴム組成物の調製時に縮合促進剤を加えなかった以外は、実施例6と同様にして、変性共役ジエン系重合体およびゴム組成物を作製した。また、実施例6と同様の評価を行った。結果を下記表7に示す。
加水分解工程および縮合工程を設けず、かつゴム組成物の調製時に縮合促進剤を加えなかった以外は、実施例6と同様にして、変性共役ジエン系重合体およびゴム組成物を作製した。また、実施例6と同様の評価を行った。結果を下記表7に示す。
有機シラン化合物としてシラン化合物fを使用し、加水分解工程および縮合工程を設けず、かつゴム組成物の調製時に縮合促進剤を加えなかった以外は、実施例6と同様にして、変性共役ジエン系重合体およびゴム組成物を作製した。また、実施例6と同様の評価を行った。結果を下記表7に示す。
変性剤としてSTOを使用し、加水分解工程および縮合工程を設けず、かつゴム組成物の調製時に縮合促進剤を加えなかった以外は、実施例6と同様にして、変性共役ジエン系重合体およびゴム組成物を作製した。また、実施例6と同様の評価を行った。結果を下記表7に示す。
加水分解工程および縮合工程を設けなかった以外は、実施例18と同様にして、変性共役ジエン系重合体およびゴム組成物を作製した。また、実施例6と同様の評価を行った。結果を下記表7に示す。
1)変性共役ジエン系又は無変性共役ジエン系重合体:変性反応工程を経た重合体又は無変性の重合体
2)ポリイソプレンゴム:ジェイエスアール社製 商品名「IR2200」
3)アロマオイル:富士興産(株)製 商標「アロマックス#3」
4)シリカ:東ソー・シリカ(株)製 商標「ニプシルAQ」
5)シランカップリング剤:ビス(3-トリエトキシシリルプロピル)テトラスルフィド、デグサ社製 商標「Si69」
6)老化防止剤6C:N-(1,3-ジメチルブチル)-N’-フェニル-p-フェニレンジアミン、精工化学(株)製 商標「オゾノン6C」
7)加硫促進剤DPG:ジフェニルグアニジン、大内新興化学工業(株)製 商標「ノクセラーD」
8)加硫促進剤DM:ジベンゾチアジルジスルフィド、大内新興化学工業(株)製 商標「ノクセラーDM」
9)加硫促進剤NS:N-t-ブチル-2-ベンゾチアジルスルフェンアミド
1)変性剤e:合成例5で得たシラン化合物e、N,N-ビス(トリメチルシリル)アミノプロピルメチルジエトキシシラン
2)変性剤a:合成例1で得たシラン化合物a、N-(1,3-ジメチルブチリデン)-3-(ジメチルエトキシシリル)-1-プロパンアミン
3)変性剤b:合成例2で得たシラン化合物b、3-ジメチルアミノプロピル(ジメトキシ)メチルシラン
4)変性剤c:合成例3で得たシラン化合物c、N-(3-メチルジエトキシシリルプロピル)-4,5-ジヒドロイミダゾール
5)変性剤f:合成例6で得たシラン化合物f、2-シアノエチルジメチルエトキシシラン
6)変性剤d:合成例4で得たシラン化合物d、(3-グリシドキシプロピル)ジメチルメトキシシラン
7)Sn(EHA)2:ビス(2-エチルヘキサノエート)スズ(Gelest社製)
8)Ti(EHDO)4:テトラキス(2-エチル-1,3-ヘキサンジオラト)チタン
9)Ti(EHO)4:テトラキス(2-エチルヘキシルオキシ)チタン
10)ZrO(EHA)2:ビス(2-エチルヘキサノエート)酸化ジルコニウム
また、tanδは、前記比較例1のゴム組成物のtanδを100とした場合の指数値である。
表6から分かるように、実施例6~18は、いずれもアルコール揮発量が0であり、また縮合促進剤を含むことで、縮合促進剤を含まないゴム組成物に比べて、tanδの指数値が大幅に低くなっている。
1)変性剤a~fは、表6の脚注と同じである。
2)i:四塩化スズ(関東化学社製)
3)j:ソルビタントリオレイン酸エステル(関東化学社製「STO」)
なお、表7における縮合促進剤の含有量は、ゴム組成物におけるゴム成分100質量部に対する値である。
表7から分かるように、比較例9~16のゴム組成物は、表6で示される実施例6~13のゴム組成物に比べて、tanδが大きい。また、変性剤としてソルビタントリオレイン酸エステルを用いた比較例15の変性共役ジエン系重合体は、アルコールの揮発量が多い。
(1)3%動的損失正接(tanδ)
粘弾性測定装置(レオメトリックス社製)を使用し、温度60℃、歪み3%、周波数15Hzでtanδを測定した。比較例19、21又は22のtanδを100として下記式により指数表示した。指数値が小さい程、低発熱性であり、ヒステリシスロスが小さいことを示す。
3%tanδ指数={(供試加硫ゴム組成物の3%tanδ)/(比較例19、21又は22の加硫ゴム組成物の3%tanδ)}×100
(2)未加硫ゴム組成物からのVOC発生量
15質量%n-ブタノール及び85質量%トルエンからなる溶媒中の(0.2モル/リットル トルエンスルホン酸)/(0.24モル/リットル 水)からなるシロキサン加水分解試薬で試料を処理し、未加硫ゴム組成物中に残留する[EtOSi]からのエタノールの化学量論的量をヘッドスペース/ガスクロマトグラフィーにより測定した。
窒素置換された5Lオートクレーブに、窒素下、シクロヘキサン1.4kg、1,3-ブタジエン250g、2,2-ジテトラヒドロフリルプロパン0.0285mmolをシクロヘキサン溶液として注入し、これに2.85mmolのn-ブチルリチウム(BuLi)を加えた後、撹拌装置を備えた50℃温水浴中で4.5時間重合を行った。1,3-ブタジエンの反応転化率は、ほぼ100%であった。次に、この重合体溶液を温度60℃に保ち、N,N-ビス(トリメチルシリル)アミノプロピルメチルジエトキシシランを2.85mmol添加し、15分間反応させた後、重合体溶液を温度60℃に保ったままテトラキス(2-エチル-1,3-ヘキサンジオラト)チタン2.85mmol加え更に15分間撹拌し反応させた。その後、2,6-ジ-tert-ブチル-p-クレゾール1.3gを含むメタノール溶液に抜き取り、重合停止させた後、スチームストリッピングにより脱溶媒し、110℃のロールで乾燥して、変性BR-aを得た。
製造例1において、テトラキス(2-エチル-1,3-ヘキサンジオラト)チタン2.85mmolの代わりに、2-エチルヘキサン酸スズ2.85mmolを用いた以外は、製造例1と同様にして、変性BR-bを得た。
製造例1において、テトラキス(2-エチル-1,3-ヘキサンジオラト)チタン2.85mmolの代わりに、トリス(ステアレート)アルミニウム2.85mmolを用いた以外は、製造例1と同様にして、変性BR-cを得た。
窒素置換された5Lオートクレーブに、窒素下、シクロヘキサン1.4kg、1,3-ブタジエン250g、2,2-ジテトラヒドロフリルプロパン0.0285mmolをシクロヘキサン溶液として注入し、これに2.85mmolのn-ブチルリチウム(BuLi)を加えた後、撹拌装置を備えた50℃温水浴中で4.5時間重合を行った。1,3-ブタジエンの反応転化率は、ほぼ100%であった。次に、この重合体溶液を温度60℃に保ち、N,N-ビス(トリメチルシリル)アミノプロピルメチルジエトキシシランを2.85mmol添加し、30分間反応させた後、重合反応系に、1モル/Lの水酸化ナトリウム(NaOH)水溶液を少しずつ加え、pH10.5になった段階で、水をリチウム(Li)対比3倍のモル量加え、30分間撹拌した。その後、2,6-ジ-tert-ブチル-p-クレゾール1.3gを含むメタノール溶液に抜き取り、重合停止させた後、スチームストリッピングにより脱溶媒し、110℃のロールで乾燥して、変性BR-dを得た。
窒素置換された5Lオートクレーブに、窒素下、シクロヘキサン1.4kg、1,3-ブタジエン250g、2,2-ジテトラヒドロフリルプロパン0.0285mmolをシクロヘキサン溶液として注入し、これに2.85mmolのn-ブチルリチウム(BuLi)を加えた後、撹拌装置を備えた50℃温水浴中で4.5時間重合を行った。1,3-ブタジエンの反応転化率は、ほぼ100%であった。次に、この重合体溶液を温度60℃に保ち、N,N-ビス(トリメチルシリル)アミノプロピルメチルジエトキシシランを2.85mmol添加し、30分間反応させた。その後、2,6-ジ-tert-ブチル-p-クレゾール1.3gを含むメタノール溶液に抜き取り、重合停止させた後、スチームストリッピングにより脱溶媒し、110℃のロールで乾燥して、変性BR-eを得た。
製造例5において、N,N-ビス(トリメチルシリル)アミノプロピルメチルジエトキシシラン2.85mmolの代わりに、4,4’-ビス(ジエチルアミノ)ベンゾフェノン2.85mmolを用いた以外は、製造例5と同様にして、変性BR-fを得た。
窒素置換された5Lオートクレーブに、窒素下、シクロヘキサン1.4kg、1,3-ブタジエン250g、2,2-ジテトラヒドロフリルプロパン0.0285mmolをシクロヘキサン溶液として注入し、これに2.85mmolのn-ブチルリチウム(BuLi)を加えた後、撹拌装置を備えた50℃温水浴中で4.5時間重合を行った。1,3-ブタジエンの反応転化率は、ほぼ100%であった。この重合体溶液を2,6-ジ-tert-ブチル-p-クレゾール1.3g含むメタノール溶液に抜き取り、重合停止させた後、スチームストリッピングにより脱溶媒し、110℃のロールで乾燥して未変性BR-gを得た。
表8の第1練りステージの配合組成に従って、各成分を混練りしたのち、これに、第2練りステージに示す種類と量の各成分を配合して、実施例14~18及び比較例17~22の11種類のゴム組成物を調製した。これら11種類の未加硫ゴム組成物のVOC発生量を測定した。
更に、これら11種類の未加硫ゴム組成物を165℃、15分間加硫した後、3%動的損失正接(tanδ)を測定した。結果を表9~11に示す。
1)BR:製造例1~6で得られた変性BR-a~f及び製造例7で得られた未変性BR-gである。
2)天然ゴム:RSS#3
3)カーボンブラック:
(イ)表9記載のN2SAが42m2/gであるものは、カーボンブラックFEF、東海カーボン株式会社製、商標「シーストSO」。
(ロ)表10記載のN2SAが118m2/gであるものは、カーボンブラックISAF、東海カーボン株式会社製、商標「シースト6」。
(ハ)表11記載のN2SAが97m2/gであるものは、カーボンブラックIISAF-HS(N285)、三菱化学株式会社製、商標「ダイアブラックII」。
4)老化防止剤6C:N-(1,3-ジメチルブチル)-N’-フェニル-p-フェニレンジアミン、大内新興化学工業社製、商標「ノクラック6C」
5)老化防止剤RD:2,2,4-トリメチル-1,2-ジヒドロキノリン重合物、大内新興化学工業社製、商標「ノクラック224」
6)加硫促進剤CBS:N-シクロヘキシル-2-ベンゾチアジルスルフェンアミド、大内新興化学工業社製、商標「ノクセラーCZ」
7)加硫促進剤MBTS:ジベンゾチアジルジスルフィド、大内新興化学工業社製、商標「ノクセラーDM」
1)e:N,N-ビス(トリメチルシリル)アミノプロピルメチルジエトキシシラン
2)k:2,2'-ジエチルアミノベンゾフェノン
3)チタン系:テトラキス(2-エチル-1,3-ヘキサンジオラト)チタン
4)スズ系:2-エチルヘキサン酸スズ
5)アルミニウム系:トリス(ステアレート)アルミニウム
6)VOC:揮発性有機化合物
1)、3)及び6)は、いずれも表9の注と同じ。
1)、3)及び6)は、いずれも表9の注と同じ。
表9から分かるように、変性BR-a~dは、変性剤としてN,N-ビス(トリメチルシリル)アミノプロピルメチルジエトキシシランを用いており、これらを用いた実施例14~17の未加硫ゴム組成物は、変性剤としてN,N-ビス(トリメチルシリル)アミノプロピルメチルジエトキシシランを用いているが、縮合促進剤を加えず、加水分解処理もしていない変性BR-eを用いた比較例17の未加硫ゴム組成物と比較して、VOC発生量が少ない。
また、表9から分かるように、本発明に係る製造方法により得られる変性共役ジエン系重合体を用いた実施例14~17のゴム組成物は、比較例17~19のゴム組成物と比較して、3%tanδ指数が低く、低発熱性に優れる。
そして、表9~11を比較すれば、同一の変性BR-aを同じ量用いても、カーボンブラックのN2SAが100m2/gを超える表10の比較例20のゴム組成物は、未変性BR-gを用いたゴム組成物対比で、3%tanδの値の低下が少なく、カーボンブラックのN2SAが100m2/gを超えると変性BRの効果が充分に発揮されないことが理解される。
《未変性又は変性共役ジエン系重合体の物性》
<数平均分子量(Mn)、重量平均分子量(Mw)及び分子量分布(Mw/Mn)の測定>
GPC[東ソー製、HLC-8220]により検出器として屈折計を用いて測定し、単分散ポリスチレンを標準としたポリスチレン換算で示した。なお、カラムはGMHXL[東ソー製]で、溶離液はテトラヒドロフランである。
<揮発性有機化合物(VOC)の揮発量>
15質量%n-ブタノール及び85質量%トルエンからなる溶媒中の(0.2モル/リットル トルエンスルホン酸)/(0.24モル/リットル 水)からなるシロキサン加水分解試薬で試料を処理し、供試変性共役ジエン系重合体中に残留する[EtOSi]からのエタノールの化学量論的量をヘッドスペース/ガスクロマトグラフィーにより測定した。
先ず、重合体をトルエンに溶解した後、大量のメタノール中で沈殿させることにより重合体に結合していないアミノ基含有化合物をゴムから分離した後、乾燥した。本処理を施した重合体を試料として、JIS K7237に記載された「全アミン価試験方法」により全アミノ基含有量を定量した。続けて、前記処理を施した重合体を試料として「アセチルアセトンブロックド法」により第二アミノ基及び第三アミノ基の含有量を定量した。試料を溶解させる溶媒には、o-ニトロトルエンを使用、アセチルアセトンを添加し、過塩素酢酸溶液で電位差滴定を行った。全アミノ基含有量から第二アミノ基及び第三アミノ基の含有量を引いて第1アミノ基含有量(mmol)を求め、分析に使用したポリマー質量を割ることで重合体に結合した第一アミノ基含有量(mmol/kg)を求めた。
<窒素吸着比表面積>
JIS K 6217-2:2001に準拠して測定した。
《未加硫ゴム組成物の物性》
<ムーニー粘度>
JIS K 6300-1:2001に準拠して、ML1+4の条件で130℃にて測定した。
<ランフラット耐久性>
各供試タイヤ(タイヤサイズ215/45ZR17)を常圧でリム組みし、内圧230kPaを封入してから38℃の室内中に24時間放置後、バルブのコアを抜き、内圧を大気圧として、荷重4.17kN(425kg)、速度89km/h、室内温度38℃の条件でドラム走行テストを行なった。各供試タイヤの故障発生までの走行距離を測定し、比較例25又は29の走行距離を100として、以下の式により、指数表示した。指数が大きい程、ランフラット耐久性が良好である。
ランフラット耐久性(指数)=(供試タイヤの走行距離/比較例23又は27のタイヤの走行距離)×100
<転がり抵抗>
SAE J2452に準拠して、空気入りラジアルタイヤの転がり抵抗を測定し、比較例23又は27のタイヤの転がり抵抗を100として、以下の式により指数表示した。指数値が小さい程、転がり抵抗 が小さく良好であることを示す。
転がり抵抗(指数)=(供試タイヤの転がり抵抗/比較例23又は27のタイヤの転がり抵抗)×100
窒素置換された5Lオートクレーブに、窒素下、シクロヘキサン1.4kg、1,3-ブタジエン250g、2,2-ジテトラヒドロフリルプロパン(0.0285mmol)シクロヘキサン溶液として注入し、これに2.85mmolのn-ブチルリチウム(BuLi)を加えた後、攪拌装置を備えた50℃温水浴中で4.5時間重合を行なった。1,3-ブタジエンの反応転化率は、ほぼ100%であった。この重合体溶液に、2,6-ジ-tert-ブチル-p-クレゾール1.3gを含むメタノール溶液を加えて重合を停止させた後、スチームストリッピングにより脱溶媒し、110℃のロールで乾燥して、重合体A-1を得た。得られた重合体A-1の重合停止前に取り出した重合体の分子量(Mw)及び分子量分布(Mw/Mn)を測定した。その結果を表12及び13に示す。
変性前の重合体の製造は前記重合体A-1と同様の方法にて行なった。引き続き重合触媒を失活させることなく、重合溶液を温度50℃に保ち、加水分解により第一アミノ基を生成し得る前駆体を有するN,N-ビス(トリメチルシリル)アミノプロピルメチルジエトキシシラン1129mgを加えて、変性反応を15分間行った。縮合促進剤は加えなかった。最後に反応後の重合体溶液に、2,6-ジ-tert-ブチル-p-クレゾールを添加した。次いで、スチームストリッピングにより脱溶媒及び前記第一アミノ基を生成し得る前駆体の加水分解を行い、110℃に調温された熟ロールによりゴムを乾燥し、変性重合体B-1を得た。得られた変性重合体B-1の変性前の分子量(Mw)、分子量分布(Mw/Mn)及び変性重合体B-1の第一アミノ基含量を測定した。その結果を表12及び13に示す。
変性前の重合体の製造は前記重合体A-1と同様の方法にて行なった。引き続き重合触媒を失活させることなく、重合溶液を温度50℃に保ち、加水分解により第一アミノ基を生成し得る前駆体を有するN,N-ビス(トリメチルシリル)アミノプロピルメチルジエトキシシラン1129mgを加えて、変性反応を15分間行った。この後、縮合促進剤であるテトラキス(2-エチル-1,3-ヘキサンジオラト)チタン8.11gを加え、さらに15分間攪拌した。最後に反応後の重合体溶液に、2,6-ジ-tert-ブチル-p-クレゾールを添加した。次いで、スチームストリッピングにより脱溶媒及び前記第一アミノ基を生成し得る前駆体の加水分解を行い、110℃に調温された熟ロールによりゴムを乾燥し、変性重合体C-1を得た。得られた変性重合体C-1の変性前の分子量(Mw)、分子量分布(Mw/Mn)及び変性重合体C-1の第一アミノ基含量を測定した。その結果を表12及び13に示す。
乾燥し、窒素置換された温度調整ジャッケットつき8リットルの耐圧反応装置に、シクロヘキサン3kg、ブタジエン単量体500g、0.2mmolのジテトラヒドロフリルプロパンを注入し、4mmolのn-ブチルリチウム(BuLi)を加えた後、40℃の開始温度で1時間重合を行った。重合は、昇温条件下で行い最終温度が75℃を超えないようにジャッケット温度を調整した。重合系は重合開始から終了まで、全く沈澱は見られず均一に透明であった。重合転化率は、ほぼ100%であった。この重合系に、末端変性剤としてSnCl4(1mol/Lシクロヘキサン溶液)を0.8ミリリットル加えた後、30分間変性反応を行った。この後重合系に2,6-ジ-t-ブチル-p-クレゾール(BHT)のイソプロパノール5質量%溶液0.5ミリリットルを加えて反応を停止させ、常法に従い重合体を乾燥して変性重合体D-1を得た。得られた変性重合体D-1の変性前の分子量(Mw)及び分子量分布(Mw/Mn)を測定した。その結果を表12及び13に示す。
製造例10で得られた変性重合体C-1と製造例11で得られた変性重合体D-1とを(変性重合体C-1/変性重合体D-1)=7/3となる質量比にて溶液混合により変性重合体E-1を製造した。得られた変性重合体E-1について第一アミノ基含量を測定した。その結果を表12に示す。
窒素雰囲気下、攪拌機を備えたガラスフラスコ中のジクロロメタン溶媒400ml中にアミノシラン部位として36gの3-アミノプロピルメチルジエトキシシラン(Gelest社製)を加えた後、さらに保護部位として塩化トリメチルシラン(Aldrich社製)48ml、トリエチルアミン53mlを溶液中に加え、17時間室温下で攪拌し、その後反応溶液をエバポレーターにかけることにより溶媒を取り除き、反応混合物を得、さらに得られた反応混合物を5mm/Hg条件下で減圧蒸留することにより、130~135℃留分としてN,N-ビス(トリメチルシリル)アミノプロピルメチルジエトキシシランを40g得た。このN,N-ビス(トリメチルシリル)アミノプロピルメチルジエトキシシランを製造例9及び10(変性重合体B-1及びC-1の製造)に用いた。
製造例8で得られた未変性ポリブタジエンゴムA-1及び、製造例9~12で得られた変性ポリブタジエンゴムB-1~E-1を用い、表12に示す配合処方に従い、5種類のゴム組成物を調製した。これら5種類の未加硫ゴム組成物のムーニー粘度を測定した。結果を表12に示す。
次に、これら5種類のゴム組成物を図1に示すサイド補強層8に配設して、それぞれタイヤサイズ215/45ZR17の乗用車用空気入りランフラットタイヤを常法に従って製造し、それら5種類のタイヤについてランフラット耐久性及び転がり抵抗を評価した。結果を表12に示す。
*1.重合体(ポリブタジエン):製造例8で得られたポリブタジエンゴムA及び製造例9~12で得られた変性ポリブタジエンゴムB-1~E-1を用いた。
*2.カーボンブラック:HAF{N2SA(m2/g)=77(m2/g)}、旭カーボン(株)製 商標「旭#70」
*3.軟化剤:アロマティックオイル、富士興産(株)製 商標「アロマックス#3」
*4.老化防止剤6C:N-(1,3-ジメチルブチル)-N’-フェニル-p-フェニレンジアミン、精工化学(株)製 商標「オゾノン6C」
*5.加硫促進剤CZ:N-シクロヘキシル-2-ベンゾチアジルスルフェンアミド、大内新興化学工業(株)製 商標「ノクセラーCZ」
製造例8で得られた未変性ポリブタジエンゴムA-1及び、製造例9~12で得られた変性ポリブタジエンゴムB-1~E-1を用い、表13に示す配合処方に従い、15種類のゴム組成物を調製した。これら15種類の未加硫ゴム組成物のムーニー粘度を測定した。結果を表13に示す。
次に、これら15種類のゴム組成物を図1に示すサイド補強層8及びビードフィラー7に配設して、それぞれタイヤサイズ215/45ZR17の乗用車用空気入りランフラットタイヤを常法に従って製造し、それら15種類のタイヤについてランフラット耐久性及び転がり抵抗を評価した。結果を表13に示す。
*1.重合体(ポリブタジエン):製造例8で得られたポリブタジエンゴムA-1及び製造例9~12で得られた変性ポリブタジエンゴムB-1~E-1を用いた。
*2.カーボンブラック:FEF(N2SA(m2/g)=40(m2/g)旭カーボン(株)製 商標「旭#60」
*3.カーボンブラック:HAF{N2SA(m2/g)=77(m2/g)}旭カーボン(株)製 商標「旭#70」
*4.カーボンブラック:ISAF{N2SA(m2/g)=115(m2/g)}旭カーボン(株)製 商標「旭#80」
*5.軟化剤:アロマティックオイル、富士興産(株)製 商標「アロマックス#3」
*6.老化防止剤6C:N-(1,3-ジメチルブチル)-N’-フェニル-p-フェニレンジアミン、精工化学(株)製 商標「オゾノン6C」
*7.加硫促進剤CZ:N-シクロヘキシル-2-ベンゾチアジルスルフェンアミド、大内新興化学工業(株)製 商標「ノクセラーCZ」
さらに、表12の製造例10で得られた変性重合体C-1(実施例20参照)は、製造例9で得られた変性重合体B-1(実施例19参照)と比較してVOCの揮発量が少ないので、工程作業性が良好であるのと同時に、環境への負荷が小さいことが明らかである。
また、実施例19と20、実施例22と23及び実施例25と26をそれぞれ比べて分かるように、変性重合体C-1は、変性反応後、縮合促進剤を加え、さらに加水分解(スチームストリッピング)しているが、変性重合体B-1は、変性反応後、縮合促進剤を加えず、加水分解(スチームストリッピング)しているため、タイヤ評価で、いずれも後者の方が優れている。
また、本発明のゴム組成物は、その調製における混練り時等において、揮発性有機化合物(VOC)の発生量が少ない上、低発熱性(低燃費性)に優れ、例えばサイドウォール、サイド補強層やビードフィラー等のタイヤ部材として好適に用いられる。
さらに、特定の変性共役ジエン系重合体と特定のカーボンブラックを用いた本発明のタイヤは、乗用車用、軽自動車用、軽トラック用及びトラック・バス用空気入りタイヤとして、特に空気入りランフラットタイヤとして好適に用いられる。
Claims (51)
- 活性部位を有する共役ジエン(共)重合体の該活性部位に、加水分解によりシラノール基を生成する特性基と、該特性基の近傍に(i)該活性部位に付加もしくは置換反応を行う事によって有機シラン化合物と該共役ジエン(共)重合体とを結合させ、且つ該反応後に該シラノール基と補強性充填材との反応を促進する官能基又は(ii)該シラノール基と補強性充填材との反応を促進する官能基とを有する有機シラン化合物を反応させる変性反応工程と、変性反応工程終了後に施される加水分解工程とを含む変性共役ジエン(共)重合体の製造方法。
- 加水分解によりシラノール基を生成する特性基がアルコキシシラン基であって、加水分解により、その10%以上がシラノール基を生成する請求項1に記載の変性共役ジエン(共)重合体の製造方法。
- 前記有機シラン化合物が、下記一般式(1)又は下記一般式(2)により表わされる有機シラン化合物である請求項1又は2に記載の変性共役ジエン(共)重合体の製造方法。
- 一般式(1)において、前記活性部位に付加もしくは置換反応を行う事によって該有機シラン化合物と前記共役ジエン(共)重合体とを結合させ、且つ該反応後に該シラノール基と前記補強性充填材との反応を促進する官能基A1が、(チオ)エポキシ基、(チオ)イソシアネート基、ニトリル基、ピリジル基、N-アルキルピロリドニル基、N-アルキルイミダゾリル基、N-アルキルピラゾリル基、(チオ)ケトン基、(チオ)アルデヒド基、イミン残基、アミド基、ケチミン基、イソシアヌル酸トリエステル残基、炭素数1~20の(チオ)カルボン酸ヒドロカルビルエステル残基、炭素数1~20の(チオ)カルボン酸金属塩の残基、炭素数1~20のカルボン酸無水物残基、炭素数1~20のカルボン酸ハロゲン化物残基及び炭酸ジヒドロカルビルエステル残基の中から選ばれる少なくとも一種の官能基である請求項2に記載の変性共役ジエン(共)重合体の製造方法。
- 一般式(2)において、前記活性部位と反応する官能基又は前記活性部位に付加もしくは置換反応を行う事によって該有機シラン化合物と前記共役ジエン(共)重合体とを結合させる官能基A2が、下記式(2-a)
-RdSiX3 ・・・・・(2-a)
[式中、Rdは単結合、炭素数1~10の置換もしくは無置換のアルキレン基又は-ORe(Reは炭素数1~10の置換もしくは無置換のアルキレンである。)を示し、Xはハロゲン原子又は炭素数1~10のアルコキシ基を示し、複数のXは同一でも異なっていてもよい。]で表される官能基、あるいは(チオ)エポキシ基、(チオ)イソシアネート基、ニトリル基、イミダゾリル基、ケチミン基、(チオ)ケトン基又は保護された第1もしくは第2アミノ基である請求項3に記載の変性共役ジエン(共)重合体の製造方法。 - 一般式(2)において、前記活性部位と反応する官能基A2が、炭素数1~20のアルコキシ基、フェノキシ基、ベンジルオキシ基及びハロゲン基の中から選ばれる少なくとも一種の官能基である請求項3に記載の変性共役ジエン(共)重合体の製造方法。
- 一般式(2)において、前記シラノール基と補強性充填材との反応を促進する官能基を少なくとも一つ含む基B及びDが、それぞれ独立に第一アミノ基、第二アミノ基、保護された第一もしくは第二アミノ基、第三アミノ基、環状アミノ基、オキサゾリル基、イミダゾリル基、アジリジニル基、(チオ)ケトン基、(チオ)アルデヒド基、アミド基、(チオ)エポキシ基、(チオ)イソシアネート基、ニトリル基、ピリジル基、N-アルキルピロリドニル基、N-アルキルイミダゾリル基、N-アルキルピラゾリル基、イミノ基、アミド基、ケチミン基、イミン残基、イソシアヌル酸トリエステル残基、炭素数1~20の(チオ)カルボン酸ヒドロカルビルエステル残基、炭素数1~20の(チオ)カルボン酸金属塩の残基、炭素数1~20のカルボン酸無水物残基、炭素数1~20のカルボン酸ハロゲン化物残基、炭酸ジヒドロカルビルエステル残基及び一般式-E-F-Gで表わされる官能基の中から選ばれる少なくとも一種の官能基である請求項3、5又は6に記載の変性共役ジエン(共)重合体の製造方法。
[式中、Eはイミノ基、2価のイミン残基、2価のピリジン残基又は2価のアミド残基、Fは炭素数1~20のアルキレン基、フェニレン基又は炭素数8~20のアラルキレン基、Gは第一アミノ基、第二アミノ基、保護された第一もしくは第二アミノ基、第三アミノ基、環状アミノ基、オキサゾリル基、イミダゾリル基、アジリジニル基、ケチミン基、ニトリル基、アミド基、ピリジン基又は(チオ)イソシアネート基である] - 一般式(1)又は(2)において、前記加水分解性官能基が、炭素数1~12のアルコキシ基、フェノキシ基、ベンジルオキシ基又は-OM(1/x)である請求項3~7のいずれかに記載の変性共役ジエン(共)重合体の製造方法。
[式中、Mは、水素を除く第1族元素;第2~12族元素;ホウ素を除く第13族元素;炭素及びケイ素を除く第14族元素;窒素、リン及びヒ素を除く第15族元素及び希土類元素から選ばれる金属原子であり、xはその金属原子の価数である] - 前記共役ジエン(共)重合体が、ポリブタジエン、ポリイソプレン、ブタジエン-イソプレン共重合体、スチレン-ブタジエン共重合体、スチレン-イソプレン共重合体又はスチレン-イソプレン-ブタジエン三元共重合体である請求項1~8のいずれかに記載の変性共役ジエン(共)重合体の製造方法。
- 前記補強性充填材が、カーボンブラック及び/又はシリカである請求項1~9のいずれかに記載の変性共役ジエン(共)重合体の製造方法。
- 前記補強性充填材が、シリカである請求項10に記載の変性共役ジエン(共)重合体の製造方法。
- 共役ジエン(共)重合体の分子末端に、シラノール基と、該シラノール基の近傍にある官能基であって、該シラノール基と補強性充填材との反応を促進する官能基とを有する変性共役ジエン(共)重合体。
- 下記一般式(3)又は下記一般式(4)により表わされる変性共役ジエン(共)重合体。
- 一般式(3)又は一般式(4)において、前記シラノール基と補強性充填材との反応を促進する官能基A3及びA4が、それぞれ独立に(チオ)エーテル結合、(チオ)ウレタン結合、イミノ結合及びアミド結合の中から選ばれる少なくとも一種の結合を有する二価の官能基、並びにニトリル基、ピリジル基、N-アルキルピロリドニル基、N-アルキルイミダゾリル基、N-アルキルピラゾリル基、(チオ)ケトン基、(チオ)アルデヒド基、イソシアヌル酸トリエステル残基、炭素数1~20の(チオ)カルボン酸ヒドロカルビルエステル残基、炭素数1~20の(チオ)カルボン酸金属塩の残基、炭素数1~20のカルボン酸無水物残基、炭素数1~20のカルボン酸ハロゲン化物残基及び炭酸ジヒドロカルビルエステル残基の中から選ばれる官能基由来の二価の官能基からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一種の二価の官能基である請求項13に記載の変性共役ジエン(共)重合体。
- 一般式(4)において、前記シラノール基と補強性充填材との反応を促進する官能基を少なくとも一つ含む基B及びDが、それぞれ独立に第一アミノ基、第二アミノ基、保護された第一もしくは第二アミノ基、第三アミノ基、環状アミノ基、オキサゾリル基、イミダゾリル基、アジリジニル基、(チオ)ケトン基、(チオ)アルデヒド基及びアミド基、(チオ)エポキシ基、(チオ)イソシアネート基、ニトリル基、ピリジル基、N-アルキルピロリドニル基、N-アルキルイミダゾリル基、N-アルキルピラゾリル基、イミノ基、アミド基、ケチミン基、イミン残基、イソシアヌル酸トリエステル残基、炭素数1~20の(チオ)カルボン酸ヒドロカルビルエステル残基、炭素数1~20の(チオ)カルボン酸金属塩の残基、炭素数1~20のカルボン酸無水物残基、炭素数1~20のカルボン酸ハロゲン化物残基、炭酸ジヒドロカルビルエステル残基及び一般式-E-F-Gで表わされる官能基の中から選ばれる少なくとも一種の官能基である請求項13又は14に記載の変性共役ジエン(共)重合体。
[式中、Eはイミノ基、2価のイミン残基、2価のピリジン残基又は2価のアミド残基、Fは炭素数1~20のアルキレン基、フェニレン基又は炭素数8~20のアラルキレン基、Gは第一アミノ基、第二アミノ基、保護された第一もしくは第二アミノ基、第三アミノ基、環状アミノ基、オキサゾリル基、イミダゾリル基、アジリジニル基、ケチミン基、ニトリル基、アミド基、ピリジン基又は(チオ)イソシアネート基である] - 前記共役ジエン(共)重合体が、ポリブタジエン、ポリイソプレン、ブタジエン-イソプレン共重合体、スチレン-ブタジエン共重合体、スチレン-イソプレン共重合体又はスチレン-イソプレン-ブタジエン三元共重合体である請求項12~15のいずれかに記載の変性共役ジエン(共)重合体。
- 請求項12~16のいずれかに記載の変性共役ジエン(共)重合体を含むゴム組成物。
- さらに、縮合促進剤を含む請求項17に記載のゴム組成物。
- 縮合促進剤が、変性共役ジエン(共)重合体の合成時及び/又はゴム組成物の調製時に加えられる請求項18に記載のゴム組成物。
- 前記縮合促進剤が、金属元素を含むものである請求項18又は19に記載のゴム組成物。
- 前記金属元素を含む縮合促進剤が、周期律表の2族~15族に属する金属の少なくとも一種を含有する化合物である請求項20に記載のゴム組成物。
- 前記金属元素を含む縮合促進剤が、Ti、Sn、Bi、Zr及びAlの中から選ばれる少なくとも一種を含み、かつ前記金属のアルコキシド、カルボン酸塩又はアセチルアセトナート錯塩である請求項21に記載のゴム組成物。
- 前記縮合促進剤の配合量が、ゴム成分100質量部に対し0.1~10質量部である請求項18~22のいずれか1項に記載のゴム組成物。
- 請求項12~16のいずれかに記載の変性共役ジエン(共)重合体10~100質量%とジエン系ゴム90~0質量%とからなるゴム成分100質量部に対して、補強性充填材10~200質量部を含む請求項17~23のいずれかに記載のゴム組成物。
- 前記補強性充填材が、カーボンブラック及び/又はシリカである請求項24に記載のゴム組成物。
- 前記補強性充填材が、シリカである請求項25に記載のゴム組成物。
- 請求項17~26のいずれかに記載のゴム組成物を用いてなる空気入りタイヤ。
- (A)請求項12又は13に記載の変性共役ジエン(共)重合体を含むゴム成分と、そのゴム成分100質量部に対して、(B)チッ素吸着比表面積(N2SA)が20~100m2/gであるカーボンブラック10~100質量部を含むことを特徴とするゴム組成物。
- (A)変性共役ジエン(共)重合体が、下記一般式(11)で表される構造を有する変性共役ジエン系重合体(a-1)及び/又は下記一般式(12)で表される構造を有する変性共役ジエン系重合体(a-2)である請求項28に記載のゴム組成物。
- (A)変性共役ジエン(共)重合体が、(a)活性末端を有する共役ジエン系重合体の該活性末端に、1個のヒドロカルビルオキシ基と1個の反応性基とが直接にケイ素原子に結合し、かつ1個の保護された第一アミノ基がアルキレン基を介して該ケイ素原子に結合してなる2官能性ケイ素原子を含む化合物を反応させて、変性を行う工程、(b)チタン系、スズ系、アルミニウム系、ケイ素系、ジルコニウム系及びビスマス系の中から選ばれる少なくとも一種の縮合促進剤の存在下、前記の2官能性ケイ素原子を含む化合物が関与する縮合反応を行う工程、及び(c)加水分解反応と脱保護反応とを行う工程を施すことにより得られる下記一般式(12)で表される変性共役ジエン系重合体(a-2)である請求項28に記載のゴム組成物。
- 活性末端を有する共役ジエン系重合体が、有機アルカリ金属化合物を重合開始剤とし、共役ジエン化合物単独、又は共役ジエン化合物と芳香族ビニル化合物をアニオン重合させて得られたものである請求項30又は31に記載のゴム組成物。
- 2官能性ケイ素原子を含む化合物が、N,N-ビス(トリメチルシリル)アミノプロピルメチルジメトキシシラン、N,N-ビス(トリメチルシリル)アミノプロピルメチルジエトキシシラン、N,N-ビス(トリメチルシリル)アミノエチルメチルジメトキシシラン、N,N-ビス(トリメチルシリル)アミノエチルメチルジエトキシシラン、1-トリメチルシリル-2-エトキシメチル-1-アザ-2-シラシクロペンタン及び3-(2,2,5,5-テトラメチル(1-アザ-2,5-ジシラシクロペンタン)-1-イル)プロピルメチルジエトキシシランの中から選ばれる少なくとも一種である請求項30~32のいずれかに記載のゴム組成物。
- (b)工程で用いられる縮合促進剤が、チタン、スズ及びアルミニウムから選ばれる金属のアルコキシド、カルボン酸塩及びアセチルアセトナート錯塩、又はこれらの混合塩の中から選ばれる少なくとも一種である請求項31~33のいずれかに記載のゴム組成物。
- (A)ゴム成分が、変性共役ジエン系重合体(a-1)及び/又は変性共役ジエン系重合体(a-2)を10質量%以上の割合で含む請求項29~34のいずれかに記載のゴム組成物。
- (A)ゴム成分が、変性共役ジエン系重合体(a-1)及び/又は変性共役ジエン系重合体(a-2)を50質量%以上の割合で含む請求項35に記載のゴム組成物。
- 請求項32~36のいずれかに記載のゴム組成物を用いてなるタイヤ。
- 請求項28~36のいずれかに記載のゴム組成物をサイドウォール、サイド補強層及び/又はビードフィラーに用いてなるタイヤ。
- ビードコア、カーカス層、トレッドゴム層、インナーライナー、サイド補強層及びビードフィラーを具えるタイヤであって、該サイド補強層及び/又は該ビードフィラーに、請求項12又は13に記載の変性共役ジエン(共)重合体を10質量%以上含むゴム成分100質量部に対して、窒素吸着比表面積が20~90m2/gであるカーボンブラックを10~100質量部配合してなるゴム組成物を用いることを特徴とするタイヤ。
- 変性共役ジエン(共)重合体が、共役ジエン系重合体の末端と第一アミノ基又は加水分解により第一アミノ基を生成し得る前駆体を有するアルコキシシラン化合物との変性反応により該末端に第一アミノ基又は加水分解により第一アミノ基を生成し得る前駆体が導入され、さらに該変性反応の途中及び又は終了後に該変性反応系に縮合促進剤が加えられることにより得られる変性共役ジエン系重合体である請求項39に記載のタイヤ。
- 共役ジエン系重合体が、アルカリ金属化合物を開始剤とし、有機溶媒中で共役ジエン化合物単独、又は共役ジエン化合物と芳香族ビニル化合物とをアニオン重合させて得られたものである請求項39又は40に記載のタイヤ。
- 共役ジエン系重合体のガラス転移温度が-30℃以下である請求項39~41に記載のタイヤ。
- 加水分解により第一アミノ基を生成し得る前駆体を有するアルコキシシラン化合物が、N,N-ビス(トリメチルシリル)アミノプロピルメチルジメトキシシラン、1-トリメチルシリル-2,2-ジメトキシ-1-アザ-2-シラシクロペンタン、N,N-ビス(トリメチルシリル)アミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン、N,N-ビス(トリメチルシリル)アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン、N,N-ビス(トリメチルシリル)アミノプロピルメチルジエトキシシラン、N,N-ビス(トリメチルシリル)アミノエチルトリメトキシシラン、N,N-ビス(トリメチルシリル)アミノエチルトリエトキシシラン、N,N-ビス(トリメチルシリル)アミノエチルメチルジメトキシシラン又はN,N-ビス(トリメチルシリル)アミノエチルメチルジエトキシシランである請求項44~46のいずれかに記載のタイヤ。
- 縮合促進剤が、チタン、ジルコニウム、ビスマス、アルミニウム及びスズからなる群から選択される少なくとも一種以上の金属を含有する、アルコキシド、カルボン酸塩、トリアルキルシロキサン又はアセチルアセトナート錯塩である請求項40~43のいずれかに記載のタイヤ。
- 変性共役ジエン系重合体のゲル浸透クロマトグラフィーで測定した変性前のポリスチレン換算重量平均分子量(Mw)と数平均分子量(Mn)の比(Mw)/(Mn)が1.02~2.0である請求項39~44のいずれかに記載のタイヤ。
- 変性共役ジエン系重合体のゲル浸透クロマトグラフィーで測定した変性前のポリスチレン換算重量平均分子量(Mw)と数平均分子量(Mn)の比(Mw)/(Mn)が1.02~1.5である請求項45に記載のタイヤ。
- 変性共役ジエン系重合体の変性前の数平均分子量(Mn)が100,000~500,000である請求項39~46のいずれかに記載のタイヤ。
- 変性共役ジエン系重合体の変性前の数平均分子量(Mn)が120,000~300,000である請求項47に記載のタイヤ。
- ゴム組成物が、ゴム成分中変性共役ジエン系重合体を52質量%以上含んでなる請求項39~48のいずれかに記載のタイヤ。
- ゴム組成物が、ゴム成分中変性共役ジエン系重合体を55質量%以上含んでなる請求項49に記載のタイヤ。
- ゴム組成物が、ゴム成分100質量部に対して硫黄を1~10質量部配合してなる請求項39~50のいずれかに記載のタイヤ。
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EP2266819A4 (en) | 2012-05-09 |
EP2266819B1 (en) | 2013-11-06 |
JP5827705B2 (ja) | 2015-12-02 |
US9623705B2 (en) | 2017-04-18 |
JPWO2009113546A1 (ja) | 2011-07-21 |
JP2014098162A (ja) | 2014-05-29 |
EP2266819A1 (en) | 2010-12-29 |
JP5547058B2 (ja) | 2014-07-09 |
CN102026826A (zh) | 2011-04-20 |
JP2014122357A (ja) | 2014-07-03 |
JP5914540B2 (ja) | 2016-05-11 |
US20110146877A1 (en) | 2011-06-23 |
CN102026826B (zh) | 2015-01-14 |
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