WO2008102712A1 - リチウムイオン二次電池用負極材料、その製造方法、リチウムイオン二次電池用負極およびリチウムイオン二次電池 - Google Patents
リチウムイオン二次電池用負極材料、その製造方法、リチウムイオン二次電池用負極およびリチウムイオン二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2008102712A1 WO2008102712A1 PCT/JP2008/052585 JP2008052585W WO2008102712A1 WO 2008102712 A1 WO2008102712 A1 WO 2008102712A1 JP 2008052585 W JP2008052585 W JP 2008052585W WO 2008102712 A1 WO2008102712 A1 WO 2008102712A1
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- negative electrode
- ion secondary
- secondary battery
- coating
- lithium ion
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/36—Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/386—Silicon or alloys based on silicon
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- Negative electrode material for lithium ion secondary battery production method thereof, negative electrode for lithium ion secondary battery and lithium ion secondary battery
- the present invention relates to a negative electrode material for a lithium ion secondary battery and a method for producing the same, a negative electrode for a lithium ion secondary battery, and a lithium ion secondary battery.
- Lithium ion secondary batteries have excellent characteristics such as high voltage and high energy density compared to other secondary batteries, and are therefore widely used as power sources for electronic devices. In recent years, electronic devices have rapidly become smaller and have higher performance, and there is an increasing demand for further higher energy density in lithium ion secondary batteries.
- lithium ion secondary batteries generally use Li Co 0 2 for the positive electrode and graphite for the negative electrode.
- the graphite negative electrode is excellent in reversibility of charge and discharge, its discharge capacity has already reached a value close to the theoretical value (3 7 2 mA h Z g) of the intercalation compound (L i C 6 ). Therefore, in order to further increase the energy density of the battery, it is necessary to use a negative electrode material having a discharge capacity larger than that of graphite.
- metallic lithium has a problem that lithium is deposited in a dendritic state during charging, the negative electrode is deteriorated, and the charge / discharge cycle is shortened.
- lithium deposited in a dendritic state may penetrate the separator and reach the positive electrode, causing a short circuit.
- Patent Document 1 describes a specific graphite material and a specific metal or metal compound.
- a secondary battery electrode material formed by bonding or coating with a specific carbonaceous material is described.
- the electrode material for a secondary battery is obtained by mixing the graphite material and the metal or metal compound, bonding or coating with an organic compound, heating, decomposing, and carbonizing the carbon material. It is described that it is obtained by forming a material.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a three-layer structure in which a metal or metal compound particle capable of occluding and releasing lithium is fixed to a graphite particle surface by mechanochemical treatment, and a carbon layer is formed on the surface.
- a composite carbon material for a lithium ion secondary battery is described.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent No. 3 3 6 9 5 8 9
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2 0 0 4 _ 1 8 5 9 7 5
- a battery using the electrode material for a secondary battery described in Patent Documents 1 and 2 may have reduced charge / discharge efficiency and cycle characteristics.
- An object of the present invention is to solve the above problems.
- the present invention is a negative electrode material for a lithium ion secondary battery comprising a composite material A having a structure in which silicon particles having a coating A made of a carbonaceous material A on substantially the entire surface thereof are in close contact with the graphite material.
- the negative electrode material for a lithium ion secondary battery preferably further has a coating B made of a carbonaceous material B on at least a part of the composite material A.
- the coating A and / or the coating B have voids.
- any of the above negative electrode materials for lithium ion secondary batteries preferably further includes silicon carbide between the coating A and the silicon particles.
- the present invention also provides a negative electrode material for a lithium ion secondary battery comprising a composite material comprising silicon particles, a graphite material, and a carbonaceous material,
- the present invention is a negative electrode material for a lithium ion secondary battery using any one of the above negative electrode materials for a lithium ion secondary battery.
- this invention is also a lithium ion secondary battery using the said negative electrode for lithium ion secondary batteries.
- the present invention provides a process of coating substantially the entire surface of silicon particles with a carbonaceous material A; mixing silicon particles coated with the carbonaceous material A and a graphite material; A close contact step in which a shearing force is applied; and a mixture obtained in the close contact step; And a method for producing a negative electrode material for a lithium ion secondary battery comprising a step of heating at a temperature of 120 ° C.
- the coating step of the carbon material A is preferably a coating step by a vapor phase method.
- any one of the above-described methods for producing a negative electrode material for a lithium ion secondary battery includes a step of coating the mixture obtained in the adhesion step with the carbonaceous material B after the adhesion step and before the heating step. It is preferable to have further.
- the present invention also includes a carbonaceous film forming step of forming a coating A made of the carbonaceous material A by a vapor phase method on at least a part of the surface of the silicon particles to obtain silicon particles with the coating A,
- Compressive and shear force is applied to the silicon particles with the coating A and the graphite material to obtain composite particles a in which the graphite material is adhered to the silicon particles with the coating A A shearing process;
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the structure of a button-type evaluation battery for use in a charge / discharge test.
- the negative electrode material for a lithium ion secondary battery of the present invention will be described.
- the negative electrode material for a lithium-ion secondary battery of the present invention is a negative-electrode material for a lithium-ion secondary battery including a composite material composed of silicon particles, a graphite material, and a carbonaceous material, and imparts compressive force and shear force. And a composite material A having a structure in which the silicon particles having the coating A made of the carbonaceous material A on at least a part of the surface thereof and the graphite material are in close contact with each other.
- This negative electrode material is used for lithium-ion secondary batteries. When used as a negative electrode, the silicon particles and the graphite material are difficult to peel off even when expansion and contraction due to charge and discharge occur.
- the negative electrode material for a lithium ion secondary battery of the present invention is a composite material A having a structure in which silicon particles having a skin A made of a carbonaceous material A on substantially the entire surface are in close contact with a graphite material.
- a composite material A having a structure in which silicon particles having a skin A made of a carbonaceous material A on substantially the entire surface are in close contact with a graphite material.
- it consists of.
- a negative electrode material for a lithium ion secondary battery is also referred to as a negative electrode material of the present invention.
- the silicon particles mean particles mainly composed of a compound containing Si and Si (hereinafter also referred to as Si compound or the like).
- the main component means that the content of the Si compound or the like is 50% by mass or more.
- the type of Si compound or the like is not particularly limited. Examples include Si, Si oxides, nitrides, and carbides. A plurality of types of mixtures may be used. For example it may be a mixture of S i and S I_ ⁇ 2. Also, an alloy of S i and a metal other than S i may be used.
- the shape of the silicon particles is not particularly limited.
- a spherical shape, a lump shape, a fiber shape, a plate shape, a scale shape, a needle shape, and a thread shape are exemplified.
- spherical and block shapes are preferred. This is because the surface area is small and a relatively uniform carbon film can be formed.
- the size is not particularly limited.
- the average particle diameter is preferably 1 ⁇ or less, more preferably 0.8 / m or less, and more preferably 0.5 ju in or less. More preferably, it is 0.3 / zm or less. This is because pulverization associated with charge / discharge is suppressed and cycle characteristics are improved.
- the average particle diameter means a particle diameter at which the cumulative frequency measured by a laser diffraction particle size meter is 50% in terms of volume fraction.
- the silicon particles may be in a dispersed state or in an aggregated state.
- a dispersed state is preferable. This is because the stress accompanying volume expansion during charging can be dispersed.
- the negative electrode material of the present invention has a coating A made of a carbonaceous material A on at least a part of the surface of the silicon particles.
- Coating A is considered to suppress the electrolyte decomposition reaction on the surface of the silicon particles, improve the initial charge / discharge efficiency, improve the conductivity between the silicon particles and the graphite material, and improve the cycle characteristics. Therefore, from the viewpoint of suppressing the electrolytic decomposition reaction, it is preferable that the coating rate of the surface of the silicon particles by the coating A is high, and the coating A is preferably a coating that covers substantially the entire surface of the silicon particles.
- substantially the entire surface” of the silicon particles means substantially the entire surface of the silicon particles, even if the coating A is partially missing from the entire surface, as long as the effect of the invention is not impaired. Judge that the entire surface is covered with coating A.
- the surface area of silicon particles is preferably 50% or more, more preferably 70% or more.
- This coverage (area%) means a value measured by a method of averaging values measured for 50 particles in a cross-sectional SEM image. It should be noted that when the above-mentioned aggregated silicon is used, the surface of the aggregated silicon may be the coating target of the coating A.
- the carbonaceous material A is not particularly limited as long as it is conductive and contains carbon having the property of covering the silicon particles.
- hydrocarbons that can be chemically adsorbed on the surface of the silicon particles.
- specific examples include benzene and toluene.
- chemisorption means various chemical treatments in the liquid phase, gas phase, and solid phase.
- the carbonaceous material A is preferably obtained by carbonization by, for example, heat-treating a precursor of the carbonaceous material at 60 ° C. or higher, preferably at 80 ° C. or higher.
- the type of the precursor is not limited, but tar pitches and resins or resins are more preferable.
- petroleum-based or coal-based tar pitches include coal tar, tar light oil, tar medium oil, tar heavy oil, naphthalene oil, anthracene oil, coal tar pitch, pitch oil, mesophase pitch, oxygen-crosslinked petroleum pipe. Tsuchi, heavy oil, etc.
- polybulu alcohol 4 polybulu alcohol 4.
- Thermoplastic resins such as phenol resin, furan resin etc .;
- the carbonaceous material A is preferably obtained by heat-treating the precursor having a low residual carbon ratio or the carbonaceous material having a low residual carbon ratio at 600 to 120 ° C. .
- the residual carbon ratio is more preferably 80% by mass or less, and further preferably 65% by mass or less. This is because it is easy to form a coating A having voids as described later.
- the residual coal rate is based on the fixed carbon method of JISK 2 4 2 5 and means the residue when heated to 800 ° C and substantially all of it is carbonized. To express.
- the carbonaceous material A may be a material obtained by further subjecting the above carbonaceous material to chemical treatment, heat treatment, oxidation treatment, physical treatment, and the like. .
- coating A made of carbonaceous material A means not only when coating A is made of carbonaceous material A itself (the material of coating A is carbonaceous material A). This includes cases where the carbonaceous material A is made of a substance obtained by chemical treatment, heat treatment, oxidation treatment, physical treatment, or the like.
- the coating A may be in the form of a film, a layer, or a similar shape as long as it can cover at least a part of the surface of the silicon particles.
- a granular or fibrous carbonaceous material A may be aggregated to form a film or layer. The same applies to coating B described later.
- the thickness of the coating A is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.01 to 0.3 ⁇ , more preferably 0.01 to 0.2 ⁇ , and More preferably, 0 1 to 0. L // m. If it is greater than or equal to 0.01 // m, the effect of suppressing the decomposition reaction of the electrolyte is sufficiently exerted, and if it is less than 0.3 ⁇ , the abundance ratio of carbon becomes smaller, so the capacity may be reduced. Because there are few.
- the thickness of the coating film means an average thickness, and means a thickness measured by a method of averaging values measured for 50 particles in a cross-sectional SEM image.
- the coating A preferably has voids. This is because the expansion of silicon particles accompanying charging / discharging can be absorbed, so that the structure of the composite material A in the present invention is not easily destroyed, and charging / discharging efficiency and cycle characteristics are improved.
- the porosity is preferably 3 to 50% by volume, more preferably 5 to 45% by volume, and 8 to 40% by volume. More preferably.
- the porosity means a value obtained by measuring with a mercury porosimeter the composite material A that has been powdered to expose the cross section. The existence of voids can be confirmed, for example, by observing the cross section of the composite material S.
- silicon carbide exists between the silicon particles and the coating A.
- This silicon carbide is formed by a reaction between the silicon particles and the coating A.
- the silicon particles and the coating A are chemically bonded, they are firmly adhered to each other, and even if the silicon particles expand in volume due to charge / discharge and cracks occur in the coating A, the peeling or dropping of the coating A is suppressed. As a result, charge / discharge efficiency and cycle characteristics are improved.
- the silicon carbide is preferably present at all the interfaces between the silicon particles and the coating A. However, if the silicon carbide is present at 10% by area or more with respect to the total area of the interface, it is considered that a relatively high effect is obtained. . In the case of such area%, silicon carbide is usually present in an amount of 7 parts by mass or more with 100 parts by mass of the coating A. This value is preferably 7 to 30 parts by mass, and more preferably 7 to 20 parts by mass.
- the silicon carbide content is measured by a method in which only silicon is dissolved using hydrofluoric acid or the like and the weight ratio of the solid content before and after the treatment is obtained.
- a method for forming such a coating A on at least a part of the surface of the silicon particles is not particularly limited, and for example, it can be formed by the method described in the production method of the present invention described later.
- the silicon particles having the coating A made of the carbonaceous material A on at least a part of the surface are in close contact with the graphite material.
- a structure in which silicon particles having a coating A made of the carbonaceous material A on substantially the entire surface and a graphite material are in close contact is preferable.
- the graphite material is not particularly limited as long as it can occlude and release lithium ions. Part or all of it is made of graphite.
- tar and pitch are finally heat-treated (graphitized) at 150 ° C or higher.
- Artificial graphite and natural graphite obtained. Specifically, mesophase calcined products, mesophase spherules, and cortas produced by heating and polycondensing easily blackened carbon materials such as petroleum-based or coal-based tarbits are at least 1500 ° C. Preferably, it can be obtained by graphitization at 2800 to 3300 ° C.
- Such artificial graphite or natural graphite may be further subjected to various chemical treatments in the liquid phase, gas phase, and solid phase, heat treatment, oxidation treatment, physical treatment, and the like.
- the shape of the graphite material may be any of a spherical shape, a block shape, a plate shape, a scale shape, a fiber shape, and the like, but a shape having a shape close to a scale shape or a scale shape is particularly preferable. Moreover, the above-mentioned various mixtures, granulated products, coatings, and laminates may be used.
- the average particle size of the graphite material is preferably 1 to 30 / ⁇ ⁇ , and more preferably 3 to 15 ⁇ m.
- the average particle diameter means the particle diameter at which the cumulative frequency measured by a laser diffraction particle size meter is 50% in volume fraction.
- the composite material A is subjected to a treatment for imparting a compressive force and a cutting force to the silicon particles having the coating A made of the carbonaceous material A on at least a part of the surface and the graphite material.
- the silicon particles and the graphite material are in close contact with each other.
- the composite material A is composed of the silicon particles, the graphite material, and the carbonaceous material A, but may contain a small amount of other substances (for example, 5% by mass or less). Even such a case is within the scope of the present invention. '
- the treatment for applying the compression force and the shearing force is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to use the compression treatment and the shearing treatment in the adhesion step in the production method of the present invention described later.
- the shape of the composite material A in the negative electrode material of the present invention is not particularly limited. For example, it may be unspecified, but is preferably spherical or massive. The reason is that the surface area is small, and when surface treatment is performed, it is easy to perform a relatively uniform treatment.
- the size is not particularly limited, but the average particle size is preferably 3 to 50 ⁇ , more preferably 5 to 3.
- the method for measuring the average particle size is the same as the method for measuring the particle size of the silicon particles.
- the composite material A is basically composed of the silicon particles and the carbonaceous material A. And the graphite material.
- the negative electrode material of the present invention preferably has at least a part of the composite material A and further has a coating B made of the carbonaceous material B.
- a composite material further having the coating B is also referred to as “composite material B”.
- the adhesion between the silicon particles with the coating A constituting the composite material A and the graphite material is enhanced, and the exfoliation and drop-off of both due to expansion / contraction due to charge / discharge are suppressed, so that the initial charge / discharge This is because the efficiency and cycle characteristics are further improved.
- the material of the carbonaceous material B may be the same as the carbonaceous material A.
- the terms “carbonaceous material AJ” and “carbonaceous material B” are merely used to help understand the structure and manufacturing method of the negative electrode material for lithium-ion secondary batteries of the present invention.
- the carbonaceous material A and the carbonaceous material B may be different in one (one grain) composite material B.
- the shape and properties of the coating B may be the same as the coating A.
- the coverage of the surface of the composite material A by the coating B is preferably high, preferably 50 area% or more, and more preferably 70 area% or more.
- This coverage (area%) means a value measured by a method of averaging the values measured for 50 particles in a cross-sectional SEM image.
- the thickness of the coating B is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.0 1 to 1 // m, more preferably 0.0 1 to 0.8 / xm, and 0.0 1 More preferably, it is -0.5; zm. The reason is that if it is not less than 0.01 / xm, the effect of suppressing the decomposition reaction of the electrolyte is sufficiently exerted, and if it is not more than 1 Azm, the abundance ratio of carbon is small, so that the capacity is less likely to decrease. Because.
- the thickness of coating B means the average thickness. Taste means the thickness measured by the method of taking the average of the values measured for 50 particles in a cross-sectional SEM image.
- the coating B preferably has voids. This is because the expansion of silicon particles accompanying charging / discharging can be absorbed, so that the structures of the composite materials A and B in the present invention are not easily destroyed, and charging / discharging efficiency and cycle characteristics are improved.
- the porosity is preferably 3 to 50% by volume, more preferably 5 to 45% by volume, and still more preferably 8 to 40% by volume.
- the porosity means a value obtained by measuring with a mercury porosimeter the coating B which has been crushed to expose the cross section. The existence of voids can be confirmed, for example, by observing the cross section of the composite material A by SEM.
- the composite material B includes the silicon particles, the carbonaceous material A, the carbonaceous material B, and the graphite material.
- the preferred composition (mass ratio) is that the total of the composite material A is 100, and the total of the carbonaceous material A and the carbonaceous material B is represented by “carbonaceous material A + B”.
- Particle: Graphite material: Carbonaceous material A + B l to 30: 3 5 to 9 5: preferably in the range of 5 to 50, 2 to 20: 4 0 to 90: 5 to 30 More preferably, it is the range.
- composition of the silicon particles is within the above range, when the negative electrode material containing the composite material B is used in a lithium-ion secondary battery, the effect of improving the discharge capacity of the battery is easily exhibited, and the cycle characteristics of the battery are improved. The effect is also increased.
- a method for obtaining the composite material B by forming such a coating B ′ on at least a part of the composite material A is not particularly limited. For example, it is formed by the method described in the production method of the present invention described later. Can do.
- the negative electrode material of the present invention includes the composite materials A and Z or the composite material B, but may include other materials.
- vapor-grown carbon fiber, carbon fine particles such as bonbon black, or those obtained by graphitizing them may be included.
- the content of such other is preferably 10% by mass or less, and 8% by mass in the total mass of the negative electrode material of the present invention. / 0 or less is more preferable, and 5 mass% or less is further preferable.
- composite material B is further removed. Even if it is included, it is naturally within the scope of the invention. Further, since the composite material B includes the composite material A, even if it is considered that only the composite material B is included, it is within the scope of the present invention.
- the production method of the negative electrode material of the present invention is not particularly limited, but can be preferably produced by the production method of the negative electrode material for a lithium ion secondary battery of the present invention described below.
- the method for producing a negative electrode material for a lithium ion secondary battery according to the present invention includes a step of coating substantially the entire surface of silicon particles with a carbonaceous material A; silicon particles coated with the carbonaceous material A and a graphite material And a step of applying a compression force and a shearing force to the mixture; and a step of heating the mixture obtained in the step of adhesion at a temperature of 95 ° C. to 120 ° C.
- the method used in the “coating with carbonaceous material A” is not particularly limited, and the pressure is applied by applying a force such as compression, shearing, collision, friction, etc. to the solid-state carbonaceous material A and silicon particles.
- a force such as compression, shearing, collision, friction, etc.
- Examples thereof include a method of dispersing the silicon particles in the liquid phase carbonaceous material A and then removing the solvent, or a method of depositing the vapor phase carbonaceous material A on the silicon particles.
- the coating step of the carbon material A is a coating step by a vapor phase method. A method that can cover the entire surface of the silicon particles as much as possible is preferable.
- a mixture of the silicon particles coated with the carbonaceous material A and a graphite material is simultaneously supplied to compress the mixture.
- a shearing force may be applied to the mixture, or a compressive force and a shearing force may be applied to the mixture while adding and mixing one of them.
- This step is a step of bringing the silicon particles coated with the carbonaceous material A into close contact with the graphite material.
- a compressive force and a shearing force are applied to the mixture so that the carbonaceous material A
- An example is a method of embedding the coated silicon particles in a graphite material.
- Any adhesive that can be carbonized can be used.
- the means used in the “heating step” is not particularly limited, and a normal heating means can be used.
- the “carbonaceous film forming step” is the “coating with carbonaceous material A”
- the “compression / shearing step” is the “adhesion step”
- the “heating step A” is the Each corresponds to the “heating process”.
- the carbonaceous film forming step includes forming the film A made of the carbonaceous material A by a vapor phase method on at least a part of the surface of the silicon particles, and attaching the film A. This is a process for obtaining silicon particles.
- Examples of the vapor phase method include a method in which a vapor of hydrocarbon such as benzene is deposited on the silicon particles at a high temperature of about 100 ° C.
- the silicon particles with the coating A in the negative electrode material of the present invention can be obtained not by such a carbonaceous film forming step but also by other methods.
- a liquid phase method or a solid phase method can be applied instead of the vapor phase method in the carbonaceous film forming process.
- the liquid phase method include a method in which the silicon is dispersed in the liquid carbonaceous material A (such as a coal tar bitch dissolved in tar oil) and the solvent is removed.
- the solid phase method include a method in which the carbonaceous material A and the silicon powder are subjected to a mechanochemical treatment that imparts mechanical energy such as compression, shearing, collision, friction, and the like and pressure-bonded.
- the negative electrode material of the present invention can also be produced by using the silicon particles with the coating A obtained by such a method.
- the mass ratio of the coating A to the silicon particles is not particularly limited, but is preferably the same as that of the negative electrode material of the present invention.
- the mass ratio of the coating A to the silicon particles depends on the flow rate and processing time of hydrocarbon in the case of the gas phase method, and the input amount of the carbonaceous material in the case of the liquid phase method and the solid phase method. Can be adjusted.
- the compressing / shearing step applies compressive force and shearing force to the silicon particles with the coating A and the black belly material, and the silicon particles with the coating A are applied to the silicon particles.
- This is a step of obtaining composite particles a in which the graphite material is adhered.
- the method of applying compressive force and shear force is not particularly limited.
- the silicon particles with the film 8 and the black belly material As long as it is a method that can make it stick.
- a method called mechanochemical treatment is preferably used.
- a method in which a mixture of the silicon particles with the coating A and the graphite material is put into an apparatus capable of performing a mechanochemical treatment or the like is preferable.
- the mixing ratio between the silicon particles with the coating A and the graphite material is preferably the same as the abundance ratio in the negative electrode material of the present invention.
- a rotating drum rotating rotor
- an internal member inner piece having a rotational speed different from that of the drum
- a circulation mechanism of silicon particles with the coating A and the graphite material example: A centrifugal force is applied to the silicon particles with the coating A and the graphite material supplied between the rotating drum and the internal member using a device (mechano-fusion system) having a circulation blade.
- the mechanochemical treatment is performed by repeatedly applying the shearing force and the compression force due to the speed difference with the rotating drum simultaneously by the internal member.
- the coating film A is attached between a fixed drum (stator) and a rotating rotor that rotates at a high speed, and the silicon particles and the graphite material are passed through, so that the speed difference between the fixed drum and the rotating rotor is reduced.
- a device hybridization system
- the conditions of the mechanochemical treatment also depend on the device used. For example, in the case of a mechano-fusion system, the peripheral speed difference between the rotating drum and the internal member is 5 to 50 mZ s, the distance between the two is 1 to: I 0 0 mm, The treatment time is preferably 3 to 90 min. In the case of a hybridization system, it is preferable that the peripheral speed difference between the fixed drum and the rotating rotor is 10 to 10 OmZ s, and the processing time is 30 s to 1 Om i n.
- composite particles a in which the graphite material is adhered to the silicon particles with the coating A are obtained by a method of applying such compressive force and shearing force. Can do.
- the composite particles a are heated in a temperature range of 95 ° C. to 120 ° C. to obtain a composite material A that is a negative electrode material for a lithium ion secondary battery. It is a process.
- the method for heating the composite particles a to a temperature of 9500 to 120 ° C. is not particularly limited.
- the composite particles a may be enclosed in a crucible, placed in an electric furnace, and the temperature raised.
- the heating temperature is preferably from 95.degree. To 1.20.degree. C., and from 95.degree. More preferably, the temperature is 95 ° C., and more preferably 95 ° C. to 110 ° C.
- silicon carbide SiC is usually generated at the contact surface (interface) of the coating A with the silicon particle. Is preferable.
- silicon carbide SiC can be generated on the contact surface (interface) with the silicon particles in the coating A, which is preferable.
- composite material A can be obtained.
- This composite material A can be preferably used as a negative electrode material for a lithium-ion secondary battery.
- the composite particle a before being subjected to the heating step A can also be used as the composite material A in the negative electrode material of the present invention.
- the one obtained by subjecting to the heating step A as described above is preferable in that it can remove volatile components that may deteriorate the battery characteristics.
- the composite material B is a material further having a coating B made of a carbonaceous material B on at least a part of the composite material A.
- the production method of the present invention preferably further comprises a step of coating the mixture obtained in the adhesion step with the carbonaceous material B after the adhesion step and before the heating step.
- the attaching step is a step of attaching a carbonaceous material precursor to the composite particles a.
- the type of the carbonaceous precursor the precursor capable of forming the carbonaceous material B can be used.
- the method for attaching such a carbonaceous precursor to the composite particles a is not particularly limited, and for example, it can be attached by a conventionally known method.
- composite particles b in which a carbonaceous material precursor is attached to the composite particles a can be obtained.
- a composite material B having a coating B made of a carbonaceous material B on at least a part of the surface of the composite material A which is a preferred embodiment of the negative electrode material of the present invention, can be produced.
- the negative electrode for a lithium ion secondary battery of the present invention is a negative electrode for a lithium ion secondary battery using the negative electrode material of the present invention that can be produced by the production method of the present invention as described above.
- a negative electrode for an uninvented lithium-ion secondary battery is manufactured according to a normal negative electrode molding method, but any method can be used as long as it can obtain a chemically and electrochemically stable negative electrode.
- a negative electrode mixture prepared in advance by adding a binder to the negative electrode material of the present invention.
- the binder those which are chemically and electrochemically stable with respect to the electrolyte are preferable.
- fluororesin powders such as polytetrafluoroethylene and polyvinylidene fluoride, polyethylene, and polyvinyl chloride. Resin powder such as nyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose, etc. are used. These can also be used together.
- the binder is usually used at a ratio of about 1 to 20% by mass in the total amount of the negative electrode mixture.
- the negative electrode material of the present invention is adjusted to a desired particle size by classification or the like, and a mixture obtained by mixing with a binder is dispersed in a solvent to prepare a negative electrode mixture in the form of a paste.
- a slurry obtained by mixing the negative electrode material of the present invention and a binder with a solvent such as water, isopropyl alcohol, N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethylformamide, etc., is a known stirrer, mixer, kneader, Stir and mix using a kneader to prepare the base.
- the negative electrode for a lithium ion secondary battery of the present invention is The negative electrode material of the present invention and a resin powder such as polyethylene and polyvinyl alcohol can be dry-mixed and hot press molded in a mold.
- the adhesive strength between the negative electrode mixture layer and the current collector can be further increased.
- the shape of the current collector used for producing the negative electrode is not particularly limited, but may be a foil shape, a mesh shape, or the like.
- Examples of the mesh-like material include a net-like material such as expanded metal.
- the material for the current collector is preferably copper, stainless steel, nickel or the like.
- the thickness of the current collector is preferably about 5 to 20 m in the case of a foil.
- the negative electrode for a lithium ion secondary battery according to the present invention includes the composite materials A and Z or the composite material B, a graphite material such as natural graphite, a carbonaceous material such as amorphous hard carbon, and a phenol resin.
- Organic compounds such as silicon, metals such as silicon, and metal compounds such as tin oxide may be blended.
- a lithium ion secondary battery usually has a negative electrode, a positive electrode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte as main battery components.
- the positive electrode and the negative electrode are each composed of a lithium ion carrier, and during charging, lithium ions are occluded in the negative electrode. It is based on a battery mechanism that separates from the negative electrode during discharge.
- the lithium ion secondary battery of the present invention is not particularly limited except that the negative electrode material of the present invention is used as the negative electrode material, and other lithium battery cells such as a positive electrode, an electrolyte, and a separator are general lithium ion secondary batteries. According to the elements of
- the positive electrode is formed, for example, by applying a positive electrode mixture comprising a positive electrode material, a binder and a conductive agent to the surface of the current collector. It is preferable to select a positive electrode material (positive electrode active material) that can absorb and release a sufficient amount of lithium, such as lithium-containing transition metal oxides, transition metal chalcogenides, vanadate oxides, and lithium compounds thereof.
- a positive electrode material positive electrode active material
- the vanadium oxide is represented by v 2 o 5 , v 6 o 13 , v 2 o 4 , or V 3 0 8 .
- the lithium-containing transition metal oxide is a composite oxide of lithium and a transition metal, and may be a solid solution of lithium and two or more transition metals.
- the composite oxide may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the lithium-containing transition metal oxide is L (Wherein M 1 M 2 is at least one transition metal element and X is a numerical value in the range 0 ⁇ X ⁇ 1), or L iM - ⁇ 2 ⁇ 0 4 (where ⁇ ⁇ 2 is at least It is a kind of transition metal element, and ⁇ is a numerical value in the range of 0 ⁇ 1).
- Transition metal elements represented by ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 2 are Co, Ni, Mn, Cr, Ti, V, Fe, Zn, A1, In, Sn, etc., preferably C o, Fe, Mn, Ti, Cr, V, A1, etc.
- Preferred examples are L i C o 0 2 , L i N i 0 2 , L iMn0 2 , L i N io. 9 Co o.! ⁇ 2 , L i N i. ., Etc. 5 Mn 0. 5 O 2.
- Lithium-containing transition metal oxides include, for example, lithium, transition metal oxides, hydroxide Starting materials, salts, and the like, mixed according to the composition of the desired metal oxide, and fired at a temperature of 600 to 1000 ° C. in an oxygen atmosphere.
- the positive electrode active material may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- a carbonate such as lithium carbonate can be added to the positive electrode.
- various additives such as a conductive agent and a binder can be appropriately used.
- the positive electrode is produced by applying a positive electrode mixture comprising the positive electrode material, a binder, and a conductive agent for imparting conductivity to the positive electrode on both sides of the current collector to form a positive electrode mixture layer.
- a binder the same ones used for the production of the negative electrode can be used.
- the conductive agent known materials such as graphitized materials and carbon black are used.
- the shape of the current collector is not particularly limited, but a foil shape or a mesh shape such as a mesh or an expanded metal is used.
- the material of the current collector is aluminum, stainless steel, nickel metal etc.
- the thickness is preferably 10 to 40 m.
- the positive electrode mixture may be dispersed in a solvent to form a paste, and the paste-like positive electrode mixture may be applied to a current collector and dried to form a positive electrode mixture layer. After forming the mixture layer, pressure bonding such as pressing may be further performed. As a result, the positive electrode mixture layer is uniformly and firmly bonded to the current collector.
- non-aqueous electrolyte used in the lithium ion secondary battery of the present invention are electrolyte salts used in ordinary non-aqueous electrolytes, such as Li PF 6 , Li BF 4 , Li A s F 6.
- Li PF 6 and Li BF 4 are preferably used from the viewpoint of oxidation stability.
- the electrolyte salt concentration in the electrolyte is preferably 0.1 to 5 mo 1/1, and 0.5 to 3.0. mo 1 Z 1 is more preferred.
- Solvents for making a non-aqueous electrolyte include carbonates such as ethylene carbonate, propylene power carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, and jetyl carbonate, 1, 1 1 or 1,2-dimethoxetane, 1,2-diethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, ⁇ -butyrolactone, 1,3-dioxolane, 4-methyl-1,3-dioxolane, anisole, etc.
- Nitriles such as chloronitrile and propionitrile, trimethyl borate, tetramethyl silicate, nitromethane, dimethylformamide, ⁇ -methylpyrrolidone, ethyl acetate, trimethylenolenoreto folemate, nitroben Down, downy chloride Nzoiru, bromide base Nzoiru, tetrahydrophthalic Chio Fen, dimethyl sulfoxide, 3-methyl one 2 - Okisazori Don, ethylene glycol, may be used an aprotic organic solvent such as dimethyl monkey phosphite.
- non-aqueous electrolyte is a polymer electrolyte such as a polymer solid electrolyte or polymer gel electrolyte
- a polymer compound gelled with a plasticizer non-aqueous electrolyte
- the matrix polymer compound include ether resins such as polyethylene oxide and cross-linked products thereof, polymethacrylate resins, polyacrylate resins, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), and vinylidene fluoride hexafluor.
- Fluorine resins such as propylene copolymers can be used alone or in combination.
- a fluorine-based resin such as polyvinylidene fluoride or vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer.
- the above electrolyte salt or non-aqueous solvent can be used.
- the electrolyte salt concentration in the non-aqueous electrolyte that is a plasticizer is preferably 0.5: 1 to 5 m ⁇ 1/1, more preferably 0.5 to 2 O mo 1 Z 1 .
- the production of the polymer electrolyte is not particularly limited.
- a high molecular compound composing the matrix, a lithium salt and a non-aqueous solvent (plasticizer) are mixed and heated to polymer compound.
- examples thereof include a method of mixing a solvent and irradiating the mixture with ultraviolet rays, an electron beam or a molecular beam to polymerize a polymerizable monomer to obtain a polymer compound.
- the proportion of the nonaqueous solvent in the polymer electrolyte is preferably 10 to 90% by mass, more preferably 30 to 80% by mass. If it is less than 10% by mass, the conductivity will be low, and if it exceeds 90% by mass, the mechanical strength will be weak and it will be difficult to form a film.
- a separator can also be used.
- the separator is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a woven fabric, a nonwoven fabric, and a synthetic resin microporous membrane.
- a synthetic resin microporous membrane is suitable, and a polyolefin microporous membrane is particularly preferred in terms of thickness, membrane strength, and membrane resistance. Specifically, it is a microporous membrane made of polyethylene and polypropylene, or a microporous membrane combining these.
- lithium ion secondary battery of the present invention it is also possible to use a polymer electrolyte.
- a lithium ion secondary battery using a polymer electrolyte is generally called a polymer battery, and includes a negative electrode using the negative electrode material of the present invention, a positive electrode, and a polymer electrolyte.
- a polymer electrolyte is manufactured by laminating a negative electrode, a polymer electrolyte, and a positive electrode in this order, and storing them in a battery outer packaging material.
- a polymer electrolyte may be arranged outside the negative electrode and the positive electrode.
- the structure of the lithium ion secondary battery of the present invention is arbitrary, and the shape and form thereof are not particularly limited. Depending on the application, mounted equipment, required charge / discharge capacity, etc., the cylindrical type, You can select any of square, coin, and button types.
- laminate film It can also be set as the structure enclosed in. Example
- Silicon particle powder (manufactured by High-Purity Chemical Laboratory, average particle size 2 / zm) was pulverized to an average particle size of 0.5 / zm.
- coal tar pitch oil (manufactured by JFE Chemical Co., Ltd.) was mixed with tar middle oil to prepare coal tar pitch solution 1.
- silicon particles were added to the coal tar pitch solution 1.
- kneaded material 1 was obtained by kneading and dispersing at 150 ° C. for 1 hour using a biaxial heating kneader.
- the composite particle a 1 was heat-treated at 100 ° C. to obtain a composite material A 1.
- N-methylpyrrole with a composite material A 1 and polyvinylidene fluoride in a mass ratio of 90:10 The mixture was stirred in and mixed at 20 rpm with a homomixer for 30 minutes using a homomixer to prepare an organic solvent-based negative electrode mixture.
- the negative electrode mixture paste was applied to a copper foil with a uniform thickness, the solvent was evaporated at 90 ° C. in vacuum, and the negative electrode mixture layer was pressed by a hand press.
- the copper foil and the negative electrode mixture layer were punched into a cylindrical shape with a diameter of 15.5 mm to produce a working electrode composed of a current collector and a negative electrode mixture adhered to the current collector.
- a lithium metal foil pressed onto a nickel net is punched into a cylindrical shape with a diameter of 15.5 mm, and a current collector made of nickel net and a counter electrode made of lithium metal foil in close contact with the current collector are formed. Produced.
- Li-PF 6 was dissolved to a concentration of lmol Z dm 3 in a mixed solvent of ethylene carbonate 3 3 V o 1% and methyl ethinole carbonate 6 7 V o 1% to prepare a non-aqueous electrolyte. .
- the obtained non-aqueous electrolyte solution was impregnated into a polypropylene porous body to produce a separator impregnated with the electrolyte solution.
- a button-type secondary battery shown in FIG. 1 was produced as an evaluation battery.
- the outer cup 1 and the outer can 3 were sealed by interposing an insulating gasket 6 at the peripheral portion thereof and caulking both peripheral portions.
- an insulating gasket 6 Inside, in order from the inner surface of the outer can 3, a current collector 7 a made of nickel net, a cylindrical counter electrode (positive electrode) 4 made of lithium foil, a separator 5 impregnated with electrolyte, and Si A battery system in which current collectors 7b made of attached copper foil are laminated.
- the evaluation battery was formed by sandwiching the separator 5 impregnated with the electrolyte between the current collector 7 b and the counter electrode 4 in close contact with the current collector 7 a, and then stacking the current collector 7 b in the outer cup 1
- the counter electrode 4 is accommodated in the outer can 3, the outer cup 1 and the outer can 3 are combined, and the insulating gasket 6 is interposed between the outer peripheral force cup 1 and the outer can 3,
- the parts were crimped and sealed.
- the evaluation battery produced as described above was subjected to the following charge / discharge test at a temperature of 25 ° C., and the initial charge / discharge efficiency and cycle characteristics were calculated.
- the evaluation results (discharge capacity, initial charge / discharge efficiency and cycle characteristics) are shown in Table 1.
- Cycle characteristics (Discharge capacity at 100th cycle Z Discharge capacity at 1st cycle) X 100
- coal tar pitch solution 3 which is a solution obtained by further adding phenol resin powder (manufactured by Showa Polymer Chemical Co., Ltd.) to the coal tar pitch solution 1 was used.
- the same treatment as in Example 1 was performed to obtain composite particles a2, and heat treatment was further performed at 100 ° C to obtain composite material A2.
- the porosity measured with a mercury porosimeter was 25 V o 1%.
- the obtained composite material A2 was prepared as a negative electrode mixture, manufactured as a negative electrode, manufactured as a lithium ion secondary battery, and evaluated as a battery.
- the characteristics and evaluation results of the negative electrode material are also shown in Table 1.
- the composite particles a 2 produced in Example 3 were further added to the coal tar pitch solution 3, and kneaded and dispersed at 1550 for 1 hour using a biaxial heating kneader to obtain a kneaded product 4.
- the solvent in the kneaded product 4 was removed by vacuum to obtain composite particles b 2 having a coating (coating B) further formed on the surface of the silicon particles.
- the composite particle b 2 was heat-treated at 100 0 C to obtain a composite material B 2.
- the porosity measured with a mercury porosimeter was 35 V o 1%.
- the obtained composite material B 2 was prepared as a negative electrode mixture, produced a negative electrode, produced a lithium-ion secondary battery, and evaluated the battery.
- the characteristics of the negative electrode material and the evaluation results are also shown in Table 1.
- Example 1 The same treatment as in Example 1 was performed except that the heat treatment temperature at 1100 ° C in Example 1 was changed to 1100 ° C.
- the composite material obtained here was designated as composite material A3.
- the obtained composite material A3 was prepared as a negative electrode mixture, manufactured as a negative electrode, manufactured as a lithium ion secondary battery, and evaluated the battery. The characteristics of the negative electrode material and the evaluation results are also shown in Table 1.
- Example 1 a composite material was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the solid content ratio (mass ratio) of silicon particles 1 and natural graphite in mechanochemical treatment was set to 2 2: 78. Preparation of the mixture, preparation of the negative electrode, preparation of the lithium ion secondary battery, and evaluation of the battery were performed. The characteristics and evaluation results of the negative electrode material are also shown in Table 1.
- Example 1 except that the solid content ratio (mass ratio) between the silicon particles 1 and natural graphite in the mechanochemical treatment was changed to 3 3: 6 7, a composite material was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, and the negative electrode composite Preparation of the agent, preparation of the negative electrode, preparation of the lithium ion secondary battery, and evaluation of the battery were performed. The characteristics and evaluation results of the negative electrode material are also shown in Table 1.
- Example 1 silicon powder having an average particle diameter of 0.5 / m was sealed in a quartz tube having an opening capable of gas flow, and benzene vapor was heated in a state where the quartz tube was heated to 800 ° C. It was allowed to flow for 5 hours, and carbon produced by pyrolysis of benzene was deposited on the surface of silicon particles.
- the mass ratio of silicon particles to carbon calculated from the mass change of the silicon powder before and after the treatment was 9 1: 9.
- a composite material was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, adjustment of the negative electrode mixture, preparation of the negative electrode, preparation of a lithium ion secondary battery, and evaluation of the battery were performed. The characteristics and evaluation results of the negative electrode material are shown in Table 1.
- Example 1 silicon powder with an average particle size of 0.5 / zm was pulverized with coal tar pitch, and the powder was adjusted to an average particle size of 3 / xm with a dry powder compounding device (Mechanofusion System, Hosokawa Micron) ).
- the mass ratio of silicon powder to pitch powder was set to 9 1: 9.
- rotating and rotating the drum at a peripheral speed of 20 mZ seconds, a processing time of 60 minutes, and a distance of 5 mm between the rotating drum and the internal member.
- the silicon particles having a carbon coating on the surface were obtained.
- Example 1 a composite material was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, and adjustment of the negative electrode mixture, preparation of the negative electrode, preparation of a lithium ion secondary battery, and evaluation of the battery were performed.
- the characteristics and evaluation results of the negative electrode material are shown in Table 1.
- phenol resin 90: 10.
- Example 1 In the same manner as in Example 1, the obtained composite material was subjected to the adjustment of the negative electrode mixture, the production of the negative electrode, the production of the lithium ion secondary battery, and the evaluation of the battery. The characteristics and evaluation results of the negative electrode material are shown in Table 1. [Comparative Example 1]
- Silicon particle powder (manufactured by High Purity Chemical Laboratory, average particle size 2 ⁇ m) was pulverized to an average particle size of 0.5 ⁇ . Then, it was mixed with natural graphite (manufactured by Chuetsu Graphite Industries Co., Ltd., average particle size 15 / m) as the graphite material, to obtain a composite material C1.
- the solid content ratio (mass ratio) between the silicon particles and the natural graphite was set to 11:89.
- a powder of silica particles (manufactured by High-Purity Chemical Laboratory, average particle size 2 ⁇ ) was pulverized to an average particle size of 0.5 ⁇ .
- the graphite material natural graphite (manufactured by Chuetsu Graphite Industries Co., Ltd., with an average particle diameter of 1 and put into a dry powder compounding device (Mechano-Fusion System, manufactured by Hosokawa Micron Corporation), where silicon particles and natural particles
- the solid content ratio (mass ratio) with graphite was set to 11:89, and the peripheral speed of the rotating drum was 20 msec, the processing time was 60 minutes, and the distance between the rotating drum and the internal member was 5 mm.
- the composite particles c 2 composed of silicon particles and natural graphite were obtained by applying a compressive force and a shearing force to repeatedly adhere (mechanochemical treatment).
- the composite particle c 2 was heat-treated at 100 ° C. to obtain a composite material C 2.
- Example 1 the preparation of the negative electrode mixture, the production of the negative electrode, the production of the lithium ion secondary battery, and the evaluation of the battery were performed.
- the characteristics and evaluation results of the negative electrode material are also shown in Table 1.
- the composite particle c 2 was heat-treated at 100 ° C. to obtain a composite material C 3. Otherwise, in the same manner as in Example 1, preparation of the negative electrode mixture, preparation of the negative electrode, preparation of a lithium ion secondary battery, and evaluation of the battery were performed. The characteristics and evaluation results of the negative electrode material are shown in Table 1 as well.
- the composite material C4 and the natural graphite used in Example 1 were mixed.
- the resulting material was designated as composite material C5.
- the solid content ratio (mass ratio) of the composite material C4 and natural graphite was set to 11:89.
- the composite material C5 produced in Comparative Example 5 was added to the coal tar pitch solution 2. Then, the mixture 6 was kneaded and dispersed at 150 ° C. for 1 hour using a biaxial heating kneader to obtain a kneaded product 6.
- the composite particle c 6 was heat-treated at 100 ° C. to obtain a composite material C 6.
- a kneaded product 7 was obtained by kneading and dispersing at 150 ° C. for 1 hour using a biaxial heating kneader.
- the solvent in the kneaded product 7 was removed under vacuum to obtain composite particles c7 having a film.
- the composite particle c 7 was heat-treated at 100 ° C. and then mixed with the composite material C 4.
- the mixing ratio (mass ratio) of the composite particle c7 and the composite material C4 was set to 90:10. Otherwise, the preparation of the negative electrode mixture, the preparation of the negative electrode, A lithium ion secondary battery was fabricated and the battery was evaluated. The characteristics and evaluation results of the negative electrode material are shown in Table 1 as well.
- the negative electrode material for a lithium ion secondary battery of the present invention has high adhesion between metal particles and between metal particles and a carbonaceous material, and due to expansion and contraction accompanying charge and discharge, metal particles, and metal particles and carbon. Therefore, when used for the negative electrode of a lithium-ion secondary battery, the discharge capacity is higher than the theoretical capacity of graphite (3 7 2 mA hZ g), and excellent cycle characteristics and initial charge / discharge efficiency are achieved.
- the present invention also provides a method for producing a negative electrode material for a lithium ion secondary battery, a negative electrode for a lithium ion secondary battery, and a lithium ion secondary battery using the same.
- the lithium-ion secondary battery using the negative electrode material for the lithium ion secondary battery of the present invention satisfies the recent demand for higher energy density of batteries, and is effective in reducing the size and performance of the equipment to be mounted.
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Abstract
Description
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JP5348878B2 (ja) | 2013-11-20 |
CN101632187A (zh) | 2010-01-20 |
CN104538594A (zh) | 2015-04-22 |
JP2008235247A (ja) | 2008-10-02 |
TWI376048B (en) | 2012-11-01 |
KR20090086456A (ko) | 2009-08-12 |
TW200843166A (en) | 2008-11-01 |
KR101126425B1 (ko) | 2012-03-28 |
CN104538594B (zh) | 2018-05-22 |
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