WO2008044546A1 - Polymer solid electrolyte, electrochemical device, and actuator element - Google Patents
Polymer solid electrolyte, electrochemical device, and actuator element Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2008044546A1 WO2008044546A1 PCT/JP2007/069281 JP2007069281W WO2008044546A1 WO 2008044546 A1 WO2008044546 A1 WO 2008044546A1 JP 2007069281 W JP2007069281 W JP 2007069281W WO 2008044546 A1 WO2008044546 A1 WO 2008044546A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- polymer
- block
- polymer block
- ionic liquid
- solid electrolyte
- Prior art date
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- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 269
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 96
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 113
- -1 sulfonium cation Chemical class 0.000 claims description 63
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol Natural products OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims description 29
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 29
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 18
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- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 16
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
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- UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate Chemical compound C1=CC(N=C=O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
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- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-O Imidazolium Chemical compound C1=C[NH+]=CN1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 12
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- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- UINDRJHZBAGQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-O 2-ethyl-3-methyl-1h-imidazol-3-ium Chemical compound CCC1=[NH+]C=CN1C UINDRJHZBAGQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 7
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- IQQRAVYLUAZUGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium Chemical compound CCCCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 IQQRAVYLUAZUGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrolein Chemical compound C=CC=O HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylmethacrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 5
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- RUMACXVDVNRZJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)COC(=O)C(C)=C RUMACXVDVNRZJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- IAXXETNIOYFMLW-COPLHBTASA-N [(1s,3s,4s)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanyl] 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound C1C[C@]2(C)[C@@H](OC(=O)C(=C)C)C[C@H]1C2(C)C IAXXETNIOYFMLW-COPLHBTASA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000309464 bull Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000547 conjugated polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000021615 conjugation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N disiloxane Chemical class [SiH3]O[SiH3] KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- UCUUFSAXZMGPGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N penta-1,4-dien-3-one Chemical compound C=CC(=O)C=C UCUUFSAXZMGPGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 33
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 26
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 24
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
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- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- ODWXUNBKCRECNW-UHFFFAOYSA-M bromocopper(1+) Chemical compound Br[Cu+] ODWXUNBKCRECNW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 15
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000004433 Thermoplastic polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 14
- 229920002803 thermoplastic polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 14
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical class C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 11
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 10
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- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
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- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 7
- BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Difluoroethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZMYIIHDQURVDRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-phenylethenylbenzene Chemical group C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZMYIIHDQURVDRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229920002319 Poly(methyl acrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 6
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 6
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
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- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 6
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- GWQYPLXGJIXMMV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazol-3-ium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 GWQYPLXGJIXMMV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- DAVVKEZTUOGEAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound COCCOCCOC(=O)C(C)=C DAVVKEZTUOGEAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
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- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 4
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- BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- MCTWTZJPVLRJOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-1H-imidazole Chemical compound CN1C=CN=C1 MCTWTZJPVLRJOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- KYTZHLUVELPASH-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=C(C(O)=O)C(C(=O)O)=CC=C21 KYTZHLUVELPASH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
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- 239000005033 polyvinylidene chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007142 ring opening reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003566 sealing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002109 single walled nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011115 styrene butadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000004964 sulfoalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910001936 tantalum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L terephthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=C(C([O-])=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004154 testing of material Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003046 tetrablock copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium(II) oxide Chemical compound [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- VOZKAJLKRJDJLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tolylenediamine group Chemical group CC1=C(C=C(C=C1)N)N VOZKAJLKRJDJLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/06—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/004—Details
- H01G9/022—Electrolytes; Absorbents
- H01G9/025—Solid electrolytes
- H01G9/028—Organic semiconducting electrolytes, e.g. TCNQ
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- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F293/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerisation on to a macromolecule having groups capable of inducing the formation of new polymer chains bound exclusively at one or both ends of the starting macromolecule
- C08F293/005—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerisation on to a macromolecule having groups capable of inducing the formation of new polymer chains bound exclusively at one or both ends of the starting macromolecule using free radical "living" or "controlled" polymerisation, e.g. using a complexing agent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F297/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F297/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer
- C08F297/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer using a catalyst of the anionic type
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F297/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer
- C08F297/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer using a catalyst of the anionic type
- C08F297/026—Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer using a catalyst of the anionic type polymerising acrylic acid, methacrylic acid or derivatives thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L53/00—Compositions of block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L53/00—Compositions of block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L53/005—Modified block copolymers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L53/00—Compositions of block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L53/02—Compositions of block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers of vinyl-aromatic monomers and conjugated dienes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L53/00—Compositions of block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L53/02—Compositions of block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers of vinyl-aromatic monomers and conjugated dienes
- C08L53/025—Compositions of block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers of vinyl-aromatic monomers and conjugated dienes modified
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- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/06—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances
- H01B1/12—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances organic substances
- H01B1/122—Ionic conductors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/48—Conductive polymers
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- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/54—Electrolytes
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G5/00—Capacitors in which the capacitance is varied by mechanical means, e.g. by turning a shaft; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G5/16—Capacitors in which the capacitance is varied by mechanical means, e.g. by turning a shaft; Processes of their manufacture using variation of distance between electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/004—Details
- H01G9/022—Electrolytes; Absorbents
- H01G9/025—Solid electrolytes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0565—Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/36—Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M6/14—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M6/18—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with solid electrolyte
- H01M6/181—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with solid electrolyte with polymeric electrolytes
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- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0088—Composites
- H01M2300/0091—Composites in the form of mixtures
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a polymer solid electrolyte containing an ionic liquid and a specific block copolymer as essential components, and an electrochemical device including the polymer solid electrolyte as a constituent element, and thus to an actuator element. .
- the electrochemical device contains a fluid liquid
- the device may be physically used when used for a long period of time, when the device is heated from the outside for some reason, or due to equipment failure. It has been pointed out that the electrolyte may leak from the inside of the electrochemical device to the outside when it is damaged.
- a polymer solid electrolyte in which a solid electrolyte such as lithium perchlorate is blended with a high molecule is known (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- a polyether polymer having high affinity with the lithium cation is often used. Since ionic conduction occurs in conjunction with the movement (relaxation) of the polymer chain, the ionic conductivity is low, and it is difficult to say that the performance is sufficient when used as an electrochemical device.
- high polarity often acetonitrile or propylene carbonate
- an organic solvent may be added. In this case, however, the danger of ignition “ignition” combustion is unavoidable, as described above.
- solidification means a “confined” state or a “fixed” state.
- thermoplastic solid polymer electrolyte one using a graft copolymer as a polymer is considered.
- a comparative example of Patent Document 1 discloses a solid polymer electrolyte using lithium perchlorate as an electrolyte and a graft copolymer obtained by grafting a polyethylene glycol chain onto polyethylene as a polymer.
- an ionic liquid is used instead of lithium perchlorate, there is a problem that the force s for obtaining a relatively high ionic conductivity, the mechanical strength is low, and the bleed out of the ionic liquid is likely to occur.
- Piezoelectric actuators are known that expand and contract an element by applying a voltage of several volts to a ceramic piezoelectric element such as barium titanate and can control displacement in nanometers.
- the ultrasonic type is known to be driven by generating a shift by a combination of ultrasonic vibration generated by a piezoelectric element or the like and frictional force.
- the shape memory alloy type actuator changes its shape greatly depending on the temperature, and it operates by changing the temperature.
- these actuators are made of inorganic materials such as metals and ceramics, so there are limits to flexibility and weight reduction, and the complicated structure makes it difficult to reduce the size! / And! / There is a point.
- a polymer activator As an activator that can overcome the above problems, a polymer activator has attracted attention in recent years.
- a polymer actuator has been devised that utilizes morphological changes caused by stimuli such as temperature changes, pH changes, and electric field application of hydrous polymer gels (see, for example, Patent Document 4).
- stimuli such as temperature changes, pH changes, and electric field application of hydrous polymer gels
- morphological changes of water-containing polymer gels due to various stimuli are generally very slow and the mechanical strength is low due to the non-uniform cross-linking structure of water-containing polymer gels. Improvement is needed.
- Electrodes composed of ionic liquid, crystalline polymer, and single-walled carbon nanotubes were bonded to both sides of a solid polymer electrolyte composed of ionic liquid and fluorine-based crystalline polymer.
- Polymer actuators have been reported (for example, see Non-Patent Document 4). Also reported is a polymer actuator in which a gold foil is bonded as an electrode to a solid electrolyte produced by mixing and curing an ionic liquid, a monomer, and a crosslinking agent (for example, Patent Document 6).
- the fluorocrystalline polymer is inferior in ionic liquid retention, so when the ionic liquid from the polymer solid electrolyte bleeds out, There is a problem.
- the ionic liquid is immobilized by crosslinking, the shape selectivity is low! / And! //.
- Patent Document 1 JP 2004-98199 A
- Patent Document 2 JP 2004-281147 A
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2006-32237
- Patent Document 4 JP-A 63-309252
- Patent Document 5 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 4 275078
- Patent Document 6 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2005-51949
- Non-Patent Document 1 Functional Chemistry Series of Electrons and Ions Vol. 2, “The Front Line of Large-Capacity Electric Double Layer Capacitors”, NT
- Non-Patent Document 2 Journal of American Chemical Society, 127, 4976, 2005
- Non-Patent Literature 3 Journal of Physical Chemistry, 109, 3886, 2005
- Non-Patent Literature 4 Future Materials, Vol. 5, 10, 14, 2005
- An object of the present invention is to provide a polymer solid electrolyte, more specifically, a polymer solid electrolyte containing a specific block copolymer and an ion liquid as essential components, and electricity using the polymer solid electrolyte.
- the present invention relates to a chemical device, particularly an actuator element.
- a polymer solid electrolyte containing a block copolymer that satisfies specific requirements and an ionic liquid as essential components has an ionic conductivity, heat resistance, liquid retention, and molding. It was found that the solid electrolyte was excellent, and the solid electrolyte was found to be suitable for use in an electrochemical device, particularly an actuator element, thereby completing the present invention.
- the present invention relates to an ionic liquid (A) and a polymer block that is compatible with the ionic liquid (A).
- a polymer solid comprising at least one (P) and a block copolymer (B) having at least one polymer block (Q) that is incompatible with the ionic liquid (A) as an essential component It relates to the electrolyte.
- the ionic liquid (A) and polymer block (P) are compatible to form one phase (X), and the polymer It is preferable that the block (Q) forms a phase (Y) that is incompatible with the phase (X), and that the phase (X) and the phase (Y) have microphase separation.
- the ionic liquid (A) is selected from at least one selected from organic cations represented by the following general formulas (I) to (V) and a halogen-containing anion, a mineral acid anion, and an organic acid anion. Force capable of using an ionic liquid composed of at least one kind of anion is preferred. An ionic liquid containing an imidazolium cation represented by the general formula (I) as a cation component is preferred.
- Ethyl methyl imidazolium bis (trifluoro) Lomethanesulfonyl) imide EMITFSI
- ethylmethylimidazolium bis (pentafluoroethanesulfoninole) imide EMIPFSI
- BMITFSI butyl methyl imidazolium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide
- BMIPFSI bis (pentafluoroethanesulfonyl) imide
- the polymer block (P) that constitutes the block copolymer (B) is an ester of (meth) acrylic acid and an alkenol having 1 to 3 carbon atoms; (meth) acrylic acid and 2 to 4 carbon atoms An alkylene glycol, a monoester with a 4 to 6 dialkylene glycol or a 6 to 9 trialkylene glycol; (meth) acrylic acid and an alkoxy alcohol having 2 to 4 carbon atoms Esters of (meth) acrylic acid and monoalkylene glycol or monoethinoleethenore of dialkylene glycol having 4 to 6 carbon atoms or trianoloxylene glycolenole having 6 to 9 carbon atoms; and (meth) acrylic acid and carbon It is preferably at least one homopolymer block or copolymer block selected from esters with a number 2 to 4 aminoalkanol.
- the polymer block (Q) constituting the block copolymer (B) is a polymer block having an aromatic bur compound unit as a repeating unit; a crystalline polyolefin block; a methacryl having an alkyl group having 4 or more carbon atoms.
- the block copolymer (B) is also a polymer block (P) composed of a polymer polyol component, and a polymer composed of a reaction product component of a bifunctional isocyanate and a chain extender.
- Preferable polyurethane is made of body block (Q).
- the polymer block (Q) is more preferably composed of a reaction product component of 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate and 1,4-butanediol.
- the present invention also relates to an electrochemical device including the polymer solid electrolyte as a constituent element, and in particular, a molded body made of the polymer solid electrolyte and at least bonded to the molded body and insulated from each other.
- the present invention relates to an actuator element composed of two electrodes, which can be bent or deformed by applying a potential difference between the two electrodes.
- the polymer solid electrolyte of the present invention has an ionic liquid (A) and one or more polymer blocks (P) that are compatible with the ionic liquid (A), and is incompatible with the ionic liquid.
- a block copolymer (B) having at least one polymer block (Q) is contained as an essential component.
- the component consisting of the ionic liquid (A) and the polymer block (P) bears ionic conductivity !, and the component consisting of the polymer block (Q) acts as a physical crosslinking point, resulting in the ionic liquid. Since (A) is solidified, it can maintain its independence without introducing chemical crosslinking.
- phase (X) consisting of the ionic liquid (A) and the polymer block (P) and the phase (Y) consisting of the polymer block (Q) are microphase separated! /
- phase (X) and the phase (Y) perform different functions, both ion conductivity and shape retention can be achieved at a high level.
- the solid polymer electrolyte of the present invention does not have chemical crosslinking, it can be formed into various shapes using various forming methods such as thermoforming, printing, and coating.
- the electrochemical device using the solid polymer electrolyte described above, particularly the actuator element is derived from the fact that the solid polymer electrolyte is excellent in ion conductivity, liquid retention and moldability, and has high-speed operation. It is excellent in stability and flexibility in shape, and the actuator element can be applied to various uses such as artificial muscles.
- the polymer solid electrolyte of the present invention has an ionic liquid (A) and one or more polymer blocks (P) that are compatible with the ionic liquid (A), and is non-phased with the ionic liquid (A).
- a copolymer (B) having at least one polymer block (Q) that is soluble is contained as an essential component.
- the ionic liquid (A) used in the present invention is also called room temperature molten salt or simply molten salt. It is a salt that exhibits a molten state in a wide temperature range including normal temperature (room temperature).
- ionic liquids known in the art can be used.
- a stable liquid that exhibits a liquid state at room temperature or as close to room temperature as possible is preferable.
- a room temperature molten salt having an ionic conductivity of 0.001 S / cm or more at room temperature is preferably used.
- Examples of the organic cation constituting the preferred ionic liquid used in the present invention include an imidazolium cation represented by the following general formula (I) and a general formula (II). List the pyridinium cation, the ammonium cation represented by the general formula (III), the phosphonium cation represented by the general formula (IV) and the sulfoyuium cation represented by the general formula (V). .
- ⁇ 4 are each independently a hydrogen atom, 1 to carbon atoms; linear or partial ⁇ alkyl group having 10, 2 carbon atoms; the 10 linear or branched An alkenyl group, a group having 6 to 6 carbon atoms; a group selected from an aryl group having 15 carbon atoms, an aralkyl group having 20 carbon atoms and a (poly) oxyalkylene group having 230 carbon atoms, and R ′ is a straight chain having 16 carbon atoms.
- n represents an integer of 0 or more and 5 or less, and two groups out of R 5 R 8 R 9 R 12 and R 13 R 1 5 and a central hetero atom are combined To form a ring structure
- each alkyl group those having 16 carbon atoms are preferable; those having! To 4 are more preferable, specifically, methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, i-propyl group, n Butynole group and the like.
- Each alkenyl group preferably has 26 carbon atoms, more preferably 24, and specifically includes a bur group, a 2-propenyl group, and the like.
- Each aryl group includes a phenyl group, and each aralkyl group includes a benzyl group. It is done.
- the (poly) oxyalkylene group has the general formula — (R lb — ⁇ ) H (where R lb is
- a len group or a propylene group, and p represents an integer of 1 to 10).
- Examples of the case where the two groups together form a ring structure include a case where a pyrrolidine ring or a piperidine ring is formed including the central nitrogen atom in the general formula (IV).
- the imidazolium cation represented by the general formula (I) is preferable from the viewpoint of ionic conductivity and availability of the ionic liquid.
- R 1 and R 2 in the general formula (I) are straight-chain or branched alkyl groups having 16 carbon atoms.
- a linear or branched alkyl group having a number of 14 is more preferable.
- R 1 and R 2 are more preferably different groups.
- imidazolium cation represented by the general formula (I) include ethylmethylimidazolium cation (EMI + ), butylmethylimidazolium cation and the like, and ethylmethylimidazolium cation is most preferable.
- EMI + ethylmethylimidazolium cation
- butylmethylimidazolium cation and the like ethylmethylimidazolium cation is most preferable.
- Examples of anions constituting the preferred ionic liquid used in the present invention include halogen-containing anions, mineral anions, organic acid anions, and the like.
- Examples of halogen-containing anions and mineral anions include PF-CIO CF SO C F SO B
- organic acid anions examples include R 17 SO R 17 C
- R 17 is an alkyl group having 16 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 26 carbon atoms, 7 1 carbon atoms.
- sulfonilimide-based anions such as (CF 2 SO 4) N (C 3 F 2 SO 4) N— are preferred.
- Examples of the ionic liquid preferably used in the present invention include an ionic liquid comprising a combination of the above-described organic cation and anion. These may be used alone or in combination.
- Examples of preferred ionic liquids include ethylmethyl Noreymidazolium bis (trifluoromethanesulfoninole) imide (EMITFSI), ethylmethinole imidazoliumbis (pentafluoroethanesulfonyl) imide (EMIPFSI), butylmethinomidazolium bis (trifluoromethanesulfoninole) Examples thereof include imide (BMITFSI), butylmethylolimidazolium bis (pentafluoroethanesulfonylimide) (BMIPFSI), and the like. Of these, EMITFSI and EMIPFSI are more preferred from the viewpoint of ionic conductivity of ionic liquids, and EMITFSI is even more preferred from
- the block copolymer (B) used in the present invention has one or more polymer blocks (P) that are compatible with the ionic liquid (A) and are incompatible with the ionic liquid (A). It is a block copolymer having at least one polymer block (Q).
- the block copolymer refers to a copolymer in which polymer blocks are linearly connected.
- the ionic liquid (A) and the polymer block (P) are compatible, and the ionic liquid (A) and the polymer block (Q). Whether or not is incompatible is determined based on the following criteria! For any one of phase transition temperatures such as T a (a dispersion temperature) and Tg (glass transition temperature) of each component measured by dynamic viscoelasticity measurement or DSC measurement of block copolymer (B), Those derived from the P component are derived from the T and Q components
- phase transition temperature measured by dynamic viscoelasticity measurement or DSC component of molecular solid electrolyte T, which is derived from phase (X) (phase consisting of polymer block (P) and ionic liquid (A)) (Y) T derived from (the phase consisting of polymer block (Q)), and ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ and
- ⁇ ⁇ is defined as follows: In the above, T, T, T and ⁇
- the polymer block (P) and the polymer block (Q) may be an addition polymerization type polymer block or a condensation polymerization type polymer block.
- Examples of the polymer block (P) and the polymer block (Q) include olefin polymer blocks such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutene, poly-3-methyl-1-pentene, polyoctene, polyisobutylene; (4-methylstyrene), poly-methylstyrene), polyindene and other styrenic polymer blocks; poly (meth) acrylic acid, poly (meth) acrylic acid, poly (meth) acrylic acid blocks such as poly (vinyl acetate), polyvinyl alcohol and poly (butyral) Polymethyl (meth) acrylate, Polyethyl (meth) acrylate, Poly (2-hydroxy shetyl) (meth) acrylate, Poly (2-aminoethyl) (meth) acrylate, Polybenzyl (meth) acrylate, Poly (n Butylmetatalate), poly (i-butylmetatalate) (Meth) acrylate polymer blocks such as poly (
- Vinyl polymer blocks such as (meth) acrylonitrile
- Vinyl ketone polymer blocks such as polymethyl vinyl ketone, polymethyl isopropenyl ketone, polyethylene vinyl ketone, and polyethylene isopropenyl ketone
- Acrolein polymer blocks such as (meth) acrolein; such as poly (meth) acrylamide, poly (N, N dimethyl) (meth) acrylamide, poly (N, N jetyl) (meth) acrylamide, poly (N isopropyleno) acrylamide (Meth) acrylamide polymer block and the like.
- a polymer block formed by random copolymerization of the constituent components of the polymer block as described above for example, a random copolymer block such as a styrene-butadiene polymer block can also be used. wear.
- a polymer block composed of monomers containing a polymer portion in the side chain such as polyalkylene glycol (meth) acrylate, polyalkylene glycol norevinino reetenole, polyethylene (meth) acrylate, polypropylene (meth) acrylate,
- a polymer block containing such a monomer as a copolymer component can also be used.
- the production method of the block copolymer ( ⁇ ) containing these constituent components is not particularly limited.
- a living polymerization method such as a living anion polymerization method, a living cation polymerization method, or a living radical polymerization method, It is possible to cite a method by a reaction between polymers having functional groups at the molecular ends.
- a conjugation compound is used as a constituent component, some or all of the carbon-carbon double bonds generated by polymerization are hydrogenated (hydrogenated)! There is no particular limitation on the hydrogenation method!
- a block copolymer as a precursor is dissolved in an organic solvent, and hydrogen is reacted in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst such as a Ziegler catalyst or a metalocene catalyst. It is possible to select a method to be performed.
- a hydrogenation catalyst such as a Ziegler catalyst or a metalocene catalyst. It is possible to select a method to be performed.
- the polymer block ( ⁇ ) constituting the block copolymer ( ⁇ ) is compatible with the ionic liquid ( ⁇ ) as the polymer block ( ⁇ ), and is not compatible with the ionic liquid ( ⁇ ) as the polymer block (Q)! As long as the conditions are satisfied, the polymer block ( ⁇ ) and the polymer block (Q) can be arbitrarily selected from the above-described examples of the polymer block.
- the force is also preferably an ionic liquid ( ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ) containing an imidazolium cation represented by the general formula (I) as a cation component, more preferably ethylmethyl.
- EMITFSI Imidazolium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide
- EMIPFSI ethi Noremethylimidazolium bis (pentafluoroethanesulfoninole) imide
- BMITFSI Butylmethylimidazolium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide
- BMITFSI Butylmethylimidazolium bis (pentafluoroe)
- the polymer block (P) includes (meth) atalinoleic acid and carbon number.
- esters with 1 or 2 alkanols (meth) acrylic acid and 2 to 4 carbon atoms, especially 2 or 3 alkylene glycols, 4 to 6 dialkylene glycols or carbon atoms Monoester with 6-9 trialkylene glycol; (meth) acrylic acid and 2-4 carbon atoms, especially 2 or 3 Esters with oxyxyl alcohol; esters of (meth) acrylic acid with mono- or mono-ethyl ethers of 4-6 carbon dialkylene glycols or 6-9 carbons trialkylene glycols; (meth) acrylic acid A homopolymer block of a monomer selected from an ester with an aminoalkanol having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, particularly 2 or 3 carbon atoms, particularly 2 or 3, an acetate butyl amide, etc., or a copolymer block of any combination can be used.
- polymer block (P) include polymethyl (meth) acrylate block and polyethylene block and polyethylene block and polyethyl-
- Poly (diethylene glycol monomethyl ether metatalylate) block polyvinyl acetate block, polyacrylamide block, and the like. These are preferable from the viewpoint of compatibility with ionic liquid (A) and ionic conductivity.
- the force is also preferably an ionic liquid (A) having an imidazolium cation represented by the general formula (I) as a cation component, more preferably E MITFSI,
- R represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or an aryl group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms which may have 1 to 3 substituents; Ar represents 1 A polymer block having a repeating unit of at least one selected from aromatic bur compound units represented by (6 to C carbon atoms that may have 3 substituents; represents 14 aryl groups) Can be used.
- examples of the aryl group in R and Ar include a phenyl group and a naphthyl group.
- substituents for these aryl groups include alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, particularly 1 or 2, and alkoxy groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, particularly 1 or 2 carbon atoms.
- the alkyl group in R preferably has 1 to 4 carbon atoms, particularly 1 or 2 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include a methyl group and an ethyl group, and a methyl group is most preferable.
- Specific examples of the polymer block having the general formula (I) as a repeating unit include a polystyrene block, a poly (4-methylstyrene) block, and a polymethylstyrene) block, which are non-phased with an ionic liquid. From the viewpoints of solubility and shape retention of the polymer electrolyte.
- the force is also preferably an ionic liquid having the imidazolium cation represented by the general formula (I) as the ionic liquid (A) as a cation component, more preferably E MITFSI,
- An ionic liquid selected from EMIPFSI, BMITFSI, and BMIPFSI, more preferably EMITFSI or EMIPFSI, and most preferably EMITFSI may be a polymer block (Q), such as a crystalline polyolefin block (for example, a crystalline polyethylene block).
- Polymer block of polycyclohexyl methacrylate block A polyisobornyl methacrylate block; n
- a random copolymer block of butyl methacrylate or isobutyl methacrylate and isobornanol methacrylate can also be used, and these are non-phased with an ionic liquid. From the viewpoint of solubility and shape retention of the solid polymer electrolyte.
- the block copolymer (B) may be a condensation polymerization type block copolymer! /.
- the ionic liquid (A) preferably has an imidazolium cation represented by the general formula (I) as a cation.
- Ionic liquid as component more preferably EMITFSI, EMIPFSI, BMITFSI and
- a polymer block composed of a polymer polyol component can be mentioned. it can.
- the column f of the high molecular weight polyester include polyester, polyester, polyester, polyol, polyester polycarbonate polyol, and the like.
- the polyester polyol is, for example, a force for subjecting an ester-forming derivative such as a dicarboxylic acid or an ester thereof or an anhydride and a low molecular weight polyol to a direct esterification or transesterification reaction according to a conventional method, or ring opening of rataton. Manufacture by polymerizing.
- dicarboxylic acid constituting the polyester polyol those generally used in the production of polyester can be used, and specific examples include succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid. , Suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, dodecanedioic acid, methylsuccinic acid, 2 methyldaltaric acid, 3 methyldaltaric acid, trimethyladipic acid, 2 methyloctanedioic acid, 3,8 dimethyldecanedioic acid, 3,7 dimethyldecanedioic acid Aliphatic dicarboxylic acids such as cycloaliphatic dicarboxylic acids such as cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid; aromatic dicarboxylic acids such as terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, orthophthalic acid, and naphthalenedicarboxylic acid.
- dicarboxylic acids may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the low-molecular polyol constituting the polyester polyol those generally used in the production of polyester can be used, and a low-molecular diol is preferred.
- the force S such as ⁇ -one-strength prolataton and ⁇ -methyl- ⁇ -valerolataton.
- polyether polyol examples include polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polytetramethylene glycol, poly (methyltetramethylene glycol), and the like. These polyether polyols may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- polycarbonate polyol for example, those obtained by reacting the above-mentioned low molecular polyol with a carbonate compound such as dialkynocarbonate, dianolene carbonate, diarynocarbonate and the like can be used.
- a carbonate compound such as dialkynocarbonate, dianolene carbonate, diarynocarbonate and the like
- dialkyl carbonate examples include dimethyl carbonate and jetyl carbonate.
- alkylene carbonate include ethylene carbonate
- diaryl carbonate include diphenyl carbonate.
- polyester polycarbonate polyol can be obtained, for example, by reacting the above-described low molecular polyol, dicarboxylic acid and carbonate compound simultaneously.
- Polyester polycarbonate polyol is prepared by a method of synthesizing polyester polyol by the above-described method and reacting it with a carbonate compound, or by a method described above.
- the polymer block ( ⁇ ) when the block copolymer ( ⁇ ) is polyurethane a polyester polyol block and a polyether polyol block are used. It is more preferable from the viewpoint of compatibility with on-liquid and ion conductivity.
- the polymer polyol preferably has a number average molecular weight in the range of 500 to 8,000, and more preferably in the range of 700 to 5,000.
- a polymer solid electrolyte excellent in mechanical performance and moldability can be obtained.
- the force is preferably ionic liquid (A) having an imidazolium cation represented by the general formula (I) as a cation component.
- ionic liquid (A) having an imidazolium cation represented by the general formula (I) as a cation component.
- a polymer block (Q) when an ionic liquid selected from EMITFSI, EMIPFSI, BMITFSI and BMIPFSI, more preferably EMITFSI or EMIPFSI, most preferably EMITFSI is used, a bifunctional isocyanate or a bifunctional isocyanate is used.
- a polymer block which is a reaction product component of isocyanate and a chain extender as a main component can be mentioned.
- the bifunctional isocyanate used at this time is not particularly limited.
- Aromatic diisocyanates such as diisocyanate and toluylene diisocyanate; hexamethylene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, 4, aliphatic or cycloaliphatic diisocyanate, and the like.
- These bifunctional isocyanates may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate is preferably used from the viewpoint of reducing compatibility with the ionic liquid.
- isocyanates that is, monofunctional isocyanates and trifunctional isocyanates or higher polyisocyanates may be used in combination as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- the ratio of other isocyanates to the total isocyanate is preferably 5% by mass or less.
- the chain extender to be used is not particularly limited, but a low molecular weight compound having a molecular weight of 300 or less having 2 or more, particularly 2 active hydrogen atoms capable of reacting with an isocyanato group in the molecule.
- ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,4 bis (/ 3-hydroxyethoxy) benzene, 1,4-cyclohexanediol, bis ( / 3—Hydroxyethinole) diols such as terephthalate and xylylene glycol; hydrazine, ethylenediamine, propylenediamine, xylylenediamine, isophoronediamine, piperazine and its derivatives, phenylenediamine, tolylenediamine And diamides such as adipic acid dihydrazide and isophthalic acid dihydrazide; and amino alcohols such as aminoethyl alcohol and aminopropyl alcohol.
- These low molecular compounds may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the block copolymer (B) is a polyurethane
- the polymer block (Q) is composed of 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate and 1,4 butanediol.
- the reaction product block is more preferable from the viewpoints of incompatibility with the ionic liquid (A) and shape retention of the polymer solid electrolyte.
- the mixing ratio of each component is appropriately determined in consideration of the performance of the target polyurethane or high-molecular solid electrolyte.
- the ratio is determined such that the isocyanate group contained in the bifunctional isocyanate is from 0.9 to 1.2 moles per mole of active hydrogen atoms contained in the polymer polyol and chain extender. It is preferable to use each component.
- the production method of polyurethane is not particularly limited, and the above-mentioned polymer polyol, difunctional isocyanate and chain extender are used, and a known urethanization reaction technique is used to perform the prepolymer method and the one-shot method. You may manufacture either. Among them, it is preferable to perform melt polymerization in the substantial absence of a solvent, and continuous melt polymerization using a multi-screw extruder is particularly preferable.
- block copolymer (B) other than those described above, for example, a block copolymer of a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and another polymer, a polyester-based thermoplastic elastomer (TPEE; for example, Aromatic polyester block as hard segment, soft segment As an aliphatic polyether block or a polyester block), a polyamide-based thermoplastic elastomer (TP AE; for example, an aromatic polyamide block as a node segment, an aliphatic polyether block as a soft segment, or For example, those using a polyester block).
- TPU thermoplastic polyurethane
- TPEE polyester-based thermoplastic elastomer
- TP AE polyamide-based thermoplastic elastomer
- the block copolymer (B) substantially comprises polymer blocks (P) and (Q).
- Block copolymer (B) The chain structure of polymer blocks (P) and (Q) is not particularly limited.
- Q -PQ triblock copolymer and Q p Q p Q pentablock copolymer are preferred from the viewpoint of mechanical strength of the obtained polymer solid electrolyte. From the viewpoint of ease of production, QPQ A triblock copolymer is more preferred.
- block copolymer (B) is polyurethane, TPEE or TPAE, (Q
- P) type multi-block copolymers are more preferred. Where n is any natural number.
- the polymer block (P) may be (Ql), (Q2), (Pl), ( ⁇ 2), ( ⁇ 3) (03) ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ (Qy) and multiple types! / Where y is an arbitrary natural number.
- y is an arbitrary natural number.
- the polymer block (P), (Pl), (P2), (P3)... ( ⁇ ) may be mutually compatible or non-compatible.
- the polymer block (Q), (Ql), (Q2), (Q3)-(Qy) may be compatible with each other or non-compatible.
- the polymer solid electrolyte dynamics that it is preferable that there is only one type of polymer block (P) because the resulting polymer solid electrolyte has stable ionic conductivity.
- the polymer block (Q) is preferably one or two kinds.
- the mass fraction of the polymer block (P) in the block copolymer (B) is not particularly limited, but is 95% by mass or less from the viewpoint of the mechanical strength of the obtained polymer solid electrolyte.
- the power S is preferably 90% by mass or less, and more preferably 80% by mass or less.
- the mass fraction of the polymer block (P) is preferably 5% by mass or more, more preferably 10% by mass or more, It is still more preferable that it is 20 mass% or more.
- the molecular weight of the block copolymer (B) is not particularly limited, but the number average molecular weight is preferably ⁇ 1 000—2, 000, 000, more preferably ⁇ 5,000—1, 000,000, even more preferably 10,000-500,000.
- the number average molecular weight is less than 1,000, the block copolymer (B) and the resulting polymer solid electrolyte are inferior in mechanical strength, and when the number average molecular weight exceeds 2,000,000, The viscosity of the block copolymer (B) and the resulting polymer solid electrolyte increases, resulting in poor handling.
- the block copolymer (B) is blended with 1 part by mass of the ionic liquid (A).
- the amount is preferably 10 parts by mass or less, more preferably 5 parts by mass or less, from the viewpoint of the mechanical strength of the polymer solid electrolyte.
- the blending amount of the ionic liquid (A) with respect to 1 part by mass of the block copolymer (B) is preferably 0.1 parts by mass or more. More preferably, it is at least 5 parts by mass.
- the solid polymer electrolyte of the present invention may contain other components other than the ionic liquid (A) and the block copolymer (B).
- the other components are not particularly limited as long as they do not detract from the spirit of the present invention.
- other resins, plasticizers, organic solvents, redox pairs, fillers, pigments, dyes, salts, and the like can be used. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the amount used is not particularly limited, but generally it is within the range of 5 to 300 parts by mass as the total of other components with respect to 100 parts by mass of the high molecular solid electrolyte, but the upper limit is preferably 30 parts by mass. Or less, more preferably 20 parts by mass or less.
- the ionic liquid (A) and the polymer block (P) are dissolved to form one phase ( It is possible to form a polymer (X), and the polymer block (Q) forms a phase (Y) that is incompatible with the phase (X) comprising the ionic liquid (A) and the polymer block (P).
- the phase (Y) acts as a physical cross-linking point in the polymer solid electrolyte, maintains the overall shape, and improves the mechanical strength.
- the softening point of the polymer block (Q) forming the phase (Y) is preferably 60 ° C or higher. More preferably, the temperature is 80 ° C or higher, and even more preferably 100 ° C or higher. In addition, there is no particular limitation on the upper limit of the softening point of the polymer block (Q)!
- the softening point is preferably 300 ° C or less, more preferably 200 ° C or less. Preferably it is 150 ° C or less, more preferable than force S.
- the softening point as used herein means that the dispersion peak temperature is stored when the polymer block (Q) is amorphous, and the polymer block (Q) is stored rapidly in the dynamic viscoelasticity measurement when it is crystalline. It refers to the temperature at which the elastic modulus decreases (hereinafter sometimes referred to as the flow starting point).
- Phase (X) and phase ( ⁇ ) are microphase-separated. ! /, I like to do it! / ...
- micro-phase separation as described above, the functional sharing between the physical crosslinking point phase (phase ( ⁇ )) and the phase (X) where ion conduction occurs is clarified.
- phase ( ⁇ ) floats in the sea of the phase (X) to form a micro phase separation (phase ( ⁇ ) is a sphere, cylinder or gyroidally).
- phase (Y) and phase (X) form a lamellar structure, or phase (X) is a micro phase separation structure floating in the sea of phase (Y), phase (X) is cylindrical or gyroidal It is preferable to form a phase-separated structure.
- the method for producing the solid polymer electrolyte of the present invention is not particularly limited.
- a method of mechanically kneading the components, a method of removing the solvent after dissolving the ionic liquid (A), the block copolymer (B) and other components in the case of use in an appropriate solvent, a block copolymer A method of impregnating (B) with the ionic liquid (A) can be mentioned. These can be selected appropriately according to the purpose.
- the solid polymer electrolyte of the present invention is excellent in self-supporting property, mechanical strength, liquid retention and ionic conductivity, the electrolyte for primary and secondary batteries, the electrolyte for electric double layer capacitor, the redox capacitor (SiC) Electrolyte for fuel cell, electrolyte for MEA, binder for secondary battery electrode, binder for electric double layer capacitor electrode, binder for redox capacitor electrode, electrolyte for dye-sensitized solar cell, actuator element It is useful as an electrolyte. In particular, it is promising as an electrolyte for an actuator element because of its excellent liquid retention and mechanical strength.
- the actuator element of the present invention comprises a molded body made of the above-described polymer solid electrolyte and at least two electrodes joined to the molded body and insulated from each other, and by providing a potential difference between the two electrodes. Curvature and deformation can occur.
- a molded body made of a solid polymer electrolyte there are no particular restrictions on the method for producing a molded body made of a solid polymer electrolyte.
- an extrusion molding method, an injection molding method, a compression molding method, a roll molding method, or a cast film after dissolving in an appropriate solvent examples thereof include a method and a method of forming a film by coating. These can be appropriately selected according to the shape of the target molded article.
- the electrode material is not particularly limited! /, For example, carbon materials such as activated carbon, carbon black, single-walled single-bonn nanotubes, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, vapor-grown carbon fibers; gold, platinum, iridium, Noble metals such as noradium, ruthenium and silver; base metals such as copper and nickel; ruthenium oxide (RuO), titanium oxide (TiO), tin oxide (SnO), dioxide
- Metal oxides such as ⁇ ); and ⁇ -conjugated conductive polymers such as polyacetylene, polypyrrole, polyaniline, polythiophene, and derivatives thereof.
- ⁇ -conjugated conductive polymers such as polyacetylene, polypyrrole, polyaniline, polythiophene, and derivatives thereof.
- carbon materials noble metals, and conjugated conductive polymers. These may be used alone or in combination.
- the electrode formation method is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a vacuum deposition method of metals; a sputtering method of metals; an electrolysis method of metals; an electroless plating method of metals; Ink with the above electrode material dissolved or dispersed in a binder
- examples thereof include a method of coating on a solid electrolyte; a method of bonding a polymer solid electrolyte and a separately prepared electrode sheet or metal foil by pressure bonding or welding.
- the ink coating method and the welding method are preferable from the viewpoint of ease of production. These methods may be combined.
- force S can be used to describe a method in which a metal is deposited by vacuum deposition after bonding electrode sheets made of carbon materials.
- the shape of the actuator element of the present invention is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include membranes, films, sheets, plates, fibers, rods, cubes, cuboids, spheres, rugby balls, and complex shapes. These may be appropriately selected according to the purpose of use.
- the thickness of the actuator element is not particularly limited as long as it can function as an actuator. For example, when the shape is a film, it is preferable that electrodes are formed on both sides of the film. the thickness from the point of view of the resistance better equipment film itself is 10_ 6 ⁇ ;! CT 1 !!! arbitrariness preferred to be in the range of.
- the actuator element of the present invention is essentially a piezoelectric element, it can be used as various elements including the actuator element.
- elements other than the actuator element can be used as sensor elements for detecting pressure, force, displacement, and the like.
- the element When used as an activator element, the element causes an action by applying an electric field to electrodes that are insulated from each other.
- the voltage generated when the element is deformed is sensed by connecting an electrode and a voltmeter that are insulated from each other.
- the actuator element of the present invention can be operated in air, water, vacuum, and organic solvent. Moreover, you may seal suitably according to a use environment. Examples of the sealing material include various resins and metals that are not particularly limited.
- Solvent heavy-mouthed form (block copolymer) or heavy dimethyl sulfoxide (ionic liquid)
- a test piece of length X width X thickness 20 mm X 5 mm X 1 mm was cut out from the polymer solid electrolyte sheet, and a wide area dynamic viscoelasticity measuring device (DVE-V4 Using a Leos Spectra 1), the measurement was conducted in the tension mode (frequency 11 Hz) and the heating rate 3 ° C / min.
- DVE-V4 wide area dynamic viscoelasticity measuring device
- the loss tangent peak temperature transition from the glass state to the liquid state
- poly (vinylidene fluoride ran-hexafluoro) described later the temperature at which the storage elastic modulus suddenly decreases is taken as the starting point of flow accompanying crystal melting. Observed.
- a small amount of polymer or solid polymer electrolyte was taken and measured using a DSC-822e manufactured by Mettler. In the measurement, the temperature was raised to 30 ° C / min to room temperature and above, and the heat history was erased by holding for 5 minutes. Thereafter, the temperature was lowered to ⁇ 100 ° C. at 10 ° C./min. — The process of holding at 100 ° C for 5 minutes and then increasing the temperature to 150 ° C at 10 ° C / min was observed.
- the obtained solid polymer electrolyte was visually checked for the presence or absence of bleed out of the ionic liquid (A) from the electrolyte, and judged according to the following criteria.
- an actuator element cut to a size of 2 mm x 7 mm was sandwiched between 2 mm in the length direction with copper electrodes, and 5 mm in length was taken out into the air as a measurement cell.
- Working electrode (2 terminals for potential control and current control) from a potentiostat (“HA-301” manufactured by Hokuto Denko) connected to a copper electrode on one side with a function generator (“HB-104” manufactured by Hokuto Denko)
- the counter electrode and the reference electrode were connected to the other copper electrode.
- the cell is fixed, and a potential of ⁇ 1.5 V is applied between the electrodes on both sides of the actuator element.
- the laser displacement meter (manufactured by Keyence Corporation) operates at a position 4 mm from the element electrode fixing part.
- Styrene Special grade styrene purchased from Kishida Chemical Co., Ltd. was contacted with alumina to remove the polymerization inhibitor, and it was used after sufficiently publishing with nitrogen to remove dissolved oxygen.
- Methyl acrylate Contacted with a special grade methyl acrylate purchased from Kishida Chemical Co., Ltd. to remove the polymerization inhibitor by contacting with Zeolum, and thoroughly used nitrogen publishing to remove dissolved oxygen before use. .
- Ethyl atalylate Contact a zeolite with a special grade ethyl acrylate, purchased from Kishida Chemical Co., to remove the polymerization inhibitor, and thoroughly publish nitrogen before use to remove dissolved oxygen. Using.
- Methoxyethyl attalylate contact with zeolum to remove methoxyethyl attalylate purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, remove the polymerization inhibitor, and thoroughly publish with nitrogen before use to dissolve dissolved oxygen. Was used after removing.
- Diethylene glycol monomethyl ether metatalylate Diethylene glycol monomethyl ether metatalylate purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. was purified by distillation under reduced pressure in the presence of calcium hydride.
- i-Butylmetatalylate i-Butylmetatalylate purchased from Tokyo Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd. is contacted with Zeolum to remove the polymerization inhibitor, and sufficiently oxygenated to publish dissolved oxygen before use Used after removal.
- IB-X manufactured by Kyoeisha Chemical Co., Ltd. was purchased and purified by distillation under reduced pressure in the presence of hydrogenated calcium.
- Tetrahydrofuran A product obtained by purifying a special grade tetrahydrofuran purchased from Kishida Chemical Co., Ltd. by distillation in the presence of sodium monobenzophenone ketyl.
- 1,1-diphenylethylene 1,1-diphenylethylene purchased from Aldrich was purified by distillation under reduced pressure in the presence of calcium hydride.
- Lithium chloride Lithium chloride (99. 998%) purchased from Aldrich was used as it was.
- (13) a, a'-Dibu-mouthed p-xylene; ⁇ , ⁇ , -Dibromo-xylene purchased from Aldrich was diluted with tetrahydrofuran and used as a 0.095 ⁇ solution.
- Acetonitrile A special grade acetonitrile obtained from Kishida Chemical Co., Ltd. was brought into contact with Zeorum and thoroughly used for nitrogen publishing to remove dissolved oxygen before use.
- Copper bromide (I) Special grade copper bromide (I) manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. was used as it was.
- Copper chloride (I) Special grade copper chloride (I) manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. was used as it was.
- Copper chloride (II) Special grade copper chloride (II) manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. was used as it was.
- HMTETA Hexamethinoretriethylenetetramine
- 1,1,4,7,10,10 Hexamethyltriethylenetetramine purchased from Anole Doritzi It was.
- Jetyl meso 2,5 dibromoadipate Jetinole meso-2,5 dibromoadipate purchased from Aldrich was used as it was.
- Toluene Special grade toluene purchased from Kishida Chemical was brought into contact with Zeolum and thoroughly used for nitrogen publishing to remove dissolved oxygen before use.
- Promotetan Promotetan purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. was used as it was.
- Lithium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide Lithium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry was used as it was.
- Cyclohexane A special grade cyclohexane purchased from Kishida Chemical Co., Ltd. was brought into contact with Zeolum and thoroughly used for nitrogen publishing to remove dissolved oxygen before use. (28) Butylmethylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMIBF); Tokyo Chemical Industry
- Thermoplastic polyurethane (1) “Kuramylon U3190” manufactured by Kuraray (from polyester polyol consisting of 3 methyl 1,5-pentanediol and adipic acid, 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate and 1,4 butanediol
- Thermoplastic polyurethane melt viscosity at 200 ° C. 15. OkPa 's) was used as it was.
- Thermoplastic polyurethane (2) “Kuramylon U8180” made by Kuraray (from polyester polyol consisting of 3 methyl 1,5 pentanediol and adipic acid, 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate and 1,4 butanediol
- Thermoplastic polyurethane melt viscosity at 200 ° C. 18. OkPa's) was used as it was.
- Activated carbon ⁇ -50FJ manufactured by Kuraray Chemical Co. was used as it was.
- Acetylene black “Denka Black” manufactured by Denki Kagaku was purchased and used as it was.
- the polymer was reprecipitated in a large excess of methanol, and the polymer was filtered and collected. The polymer was vacuum dried at 50 ° C. for 24 hours to remove residual solvent and water.
- the polymer block (P) is converted into a polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) block.
- HMTETA in acetonitrile solution (concentration: 0.3 mol / L) 2.08 mL (0.62 mmol as HMTETA) was added, and polymerization was further performed for 5 hours.
- a polymer block (P) was obtained as a polymethyl acrylate (PMA) block, sometimes 10).
- PMA polymethyl acrylate
- polystyrene b polyethylene acrylate—b polystyrene (hereinafter B — There was a case of 11).
- the polymer was reprecipitated in a large excess of methanol, and the polymer was filtered and collected. The polymer was vacuum dried at 50 ° C. for 24 hours to remove residual solvent and water.
- the polymer block (Q1) is polystyrene
- the polymer block (P) is polydiethylene glycol monomethyl ether methacrylate
- the polymer block (Q2) is poly (i-butyl methacrylate-ran isobol).
- a 500 mL separable flask was equipped with a mechanical double stirrer equipped with a stirring blade, a three-way cock and a cooling pipe. To this, 250 mL of cyclohexane and 50 mL (0.58 mol) of 1-methylimidazo monore were charged. 1 Methylimidazole was not completely dissolved in cyclohexane and was separated into two phases. While stirring this solution, 130 mL (l. 74 mmol) of promoethane was added dropwise at room temperature over 1 hour. After completion of dropping, the mixture was heated to 80 ° C and refluxed for 24 hours. As the reaction progressed, a white solid precipitated.
- ⁇ , L / D 36; divided into three zones (front, center, and rear) of the heating zone) and fed to the front of the heating zone to carry out polyurethane forming reaction by continuous melt polymerization at 260 ° C did.
- Polystyrene with hydroxyl group at one end b Hydrogenated poly (butadiene / isoprene) b Polystyrene (Kuraray Septon HG-252) at 100g / min, continuously fed to the center of the above twin screw extruder The reaction mixture was reacted with the polyurethane-forming reaction described above.
- distearyl phosphate is added to the rear part of the above twin screw extruder (feed amount: 13 mg / min), and the resulting melt is continuously extruded into water in the form of a strand, followed by a pelletizer.
- the pellet was obtained by cutting.
- the obtained pellets were dehumidified and dried at 80 ° C. for 4 hours to obtain polystyrene b hydrogenated poly (butadiene / isoprene) b polystyrene mono b-TPU.
- a 500 mL separable flask was equipped with a mechanical double stirrer equipped with a stirring blade, a three-way cock and a condenser.
- 200 mL of tonoleene, 33 mL (288 mmol) of styrene and (polyethylene glycol) methyl ether metatalylate [ester of poly (ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether) and methacrylic acid] 15 g (number average molecular weight 1100) 13.6 mmol) was added to give a solution.
- a magnetic stirring bar was placed in a 300 mL eggplant flask and a three-way cock was attached. 150 mL of toluene and 25 g (lOOmmol) of 4,4,1-diphenylmethane diisocyanate were added thereto. While maintaining the room temperature, 9 g (100 mmol) of 1,4 butanediol was added dropwise thereto, and then the stirring was continued overnight at room temperature. The obtained reaction solution is concentrated using an evaporator, and then vacuum-dried at 50 ° C to obtain a polycondensate of 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate and 1,4 butanediol. It was.
- the obtained polymer solid electrolyte was subjected to hot press molding at 200 ° C. using a mold having a thickness of 1 mm, a length of 10 cm, and a width of 18 cm to obtain a polymer solid electrolyte sheet.
- Table 1 shows the molecular structure of the block copolymer (B) used in Examples described later;! -20.
- Block copolymers B-l, B-10, B-11, B-12, B-13 and B-14 are block copolymers obtained in Reference Examples 1 to 6, respectively.
- Block copolymers B-2 to B-9 were produced in the same manner as in Reference Example 1 except that the amount of each component used was changed.
- Table 3 shows the composition of the polymer solid electrolyte prepared by the same method as Reference Example 10 using (PSt-g-PEG) and EMITFSI.
- Table 4 shows the compositions of the solid polymer electrolyte E-22 produced in Comparative Reference Example 3 and the solid polymer electrolyte E-23 produced by the same method as Comparative Reference Example 3.
- Table 6 shows the results of dynamic viscoelasticity measurements for block copolymers ( ⁇ -4) to ( ⁇ -7) and ( ⁇ -15) to ( ⁇ -20).
- ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ force-derived from either polystyrene or poly (i-ptylmetatalylate-ran-isoboler-metaclera '') is a force whose measuring force was unknown; 114 ( : Had a ⁇ and was at a temperature higher than that!
- Table 7 shows the results of DSC measurement performed on the PSt-g-PEG produced in Comparative Reference Example 1 and the polymer solid electrolyte (E 1-21) used for this.
- Table 8 shows the results of dynamic viscoelastic measurements of P (VDF / HFP) and polymer solid electrolytes (E-22) and (E-23) using the same.
- Table 9 shows the composition of the solid polymer electrolyte prepared by the same method as in Reference Example 10.
- thermoplastic polyurethane (1) thermoplastic polyurethane (2), polystyrene obtained in Reference Example 8, hydrogenated poly (butadiene / isoprene) b-polystyrene b-TPU, and polymer solids using these Table 10 shows the results of dynamic viscoelasticity measurements performed on electrolytes (E-24) to (E-26).
- the morphology of the polymer solid electrolyte (E-5) was observed. The result is shown in figure 2.
- the dark part is the phase (Y) (PSt phase)
- the thin part is the phase (X) (PMMA + ionic liquid phase)
- the ionic liquid (A) is polymer block ( The polymer block (Q) forms a phase (Y) that is incompatible with the ionic liquid (A) and forms a phase (X). And I ’m so powerful.
- Measurement Example 14 shows that in the solid polymer electrolyte of the present invention, the phase (X) and the phase (Y) are incompatible with each other and form a microphase separation structure. .
- Measurement Examples 1 to 10 Table 6
- Comparative Measurement Examples 2 to 3 Table 8
- the ionic liquid (A) is selectively compatible with the polymer block (P) to form the phase (X) in the comparative force between the reference measurement examples 9 to 11 and the measurement examples 11 to 13 in Table 10, while the polymer block (Q) forms an incompatible phase (Y) with this!
- Example 2 To 23, a solid electrolyte was obtained, whereas in Comparative Examples 4 and 5, neither solid electrolyte was obtained and it was difficult to use as a polymer solid electrolyte. .
- the ionic conductivity of the solid polymer electrolyte of the present invention is excellent in liquid retention with shows a high value, Sarukoto force s I power in suitably used for an electrochemical device comprising Akuchiyueta element RU
- Comparative Measurement Example 46 the solid polymer electrolyte in which the ionic liquid (A) is held by the graft copolymer or P (VDF / HFP) is excellent in ionic conductivity but inferior in liquid retention. It can be seen that electrolyte leakage tends to occur when used as a chemical device, particularly as an actuator element.
- the polymer solid electrolyte of the present invention has excellent breaking strength, and should be suitably used as an electrolyte for an electrochemical device, particularly an actuator element. I can help you.
- the phase (X) formed by the polymer block (P) and the ionic liquid (A) and the phase formed by the polymer block (Q) ( Y) is formed, and phase (X) and phase (Y) are microphase-separated.
- the polymer solid electrolyte membrane of the present invention not only exhibits practically satisfactory ionic conductivity, but also has excellent ionic liquid (A) retention.
- the polymer solid electrolyte membrane of the present invention can be used at a higher temperature than a conventionally known polymer solid electrolyte using P (VDF / HFP).
- Activated carbon (“YP-50F” manufactured by Kuraray Chemical Co., Ltd.) 0.lg, acetylene black (“Denka Black” manufactured by Denki Kagaku Co., Ltd.) 0 ⁇ 06g, P (VDF / HFP) (Akema “Kyner # 28 01 ”) 0.04g and EMITFSI 0.3g were taken and crushed well with a pestle to form a massive electrode material.
- a vertical cutter (“PF-20” manufactured by Nishiwaki Seisakusho Co., Ltd.) was used to cut out the cut film from the center of the film into a width of 2 mm and a length of 7 mm. At this time, the tester confirmed that the electrodes on both sides were insulated!
- the actuator element of the present invention generates a displacement quickly as a voltage is applied, and can be effectively used as an actuator.
- the solid polymer electrolyte of the present invention exhibits practically satisfactory ionic conductivity and is excellent in ionic liquid retention, so that it does not easily cause a problem of liquid leakage when used as an electrochemical device. It has excellent heat resistance and mechanical strength, and can be suitably used for electrochemical devices such as actuator elements.
- the electrochemical device of the present invention and thus the actuator element, generates a quick displacement in response to voltage application, and can operate stably for a long period of time due to the liquid retention property and mechanical strength of the polymer solid electrolyte used. Therefore, it can be suitably used in the fields of medical equipment, micromachines, industrial robots and personal robots. Brief Description of Drawings
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus used in an actuator operation test.
- Fig. 2 It is a figure showing the results of the morphology observation of the polymer solid electrolyte (E-5) (Measurement Example 8).
- FIG. 3 A diagram showing the results of an operation test performed on the actuator element created in Example 24.
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KR1020097006966A KR101408612B1 (ko) | 2006-10-06 | 2007-10-02 | 고분자 고체 전해질, 전기화학 디바이스 및 액츄에이터 소자 |
EP07829021A EP2071584B1 (en) | 2006-10-06 | 2007-10-02 | Polymer solid electrolyte, electrochemical device, and actuator element |
JP2007558370A JP5555407B2 (ja) | 2006-10-06 | 2007-10-02 | 高分子固体電解質、電気化学デバイス及びアクチュエータ素子 |
US12/444,461 US8138246B2 (en) | 2006-10-06 | 2007-10-02 | Polymer electrolyte, electrochemical device, and actuator element |
AT07829021T ATE544161T1 (de) | 2006-10-06 | 2007-10-02 | Polymerfeststoff-elektrolyt, elektrochemische vorrichtung und betätigungselement |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JPWO2008044546A1 (ja) | 2010-02-12 |
KR20090058544A (ko) | 2009-06-09 |
EP2071584B1 (en) | 2012-02-01 |
JP5555407B2 (ja) | 2014-07-23 |
US8138246B2 (en) | 2012-03-20 |
EP2071584A4 (en) | 2010-08-25 |
CN101536114A (zh) | 2009-09-16 |
EP2071584A1 (en) | 2009-06-17 |
US20100035158A1 (en) | 2010-02-11 |
TW200832778A (en) | 2008-08-01 |
KR101408612B1 (ko) | 2014-06-17 |
ATE544161T1 (de) | 2012-02-15 |
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