WO2014185426A1 - 不揮発なフォトニック材料及びその製法 - Google Patents
不揮発なフォトニック材料及びその製法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014185426A1 WO2014185426A1 PCT/JP2014/062747 JP2014062747W WO2014185426A1 WO 2014185426 A1 WO2014185426 A1 WO 2014185426A1 JP 2014062747 W JP2014062747 W JP 2014062747W WO 2014185426 A1 WO2014185426 A1 WO 2014185426A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/04—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements made of organic materials, e.g. plastics
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F297/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer
- C08F297/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer using a catalyst of the anionic type
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D3/10—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by other chemical means
- B05D3/107—Post-treatment of applied coatings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
- B05D5/06—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain multicolour or other optical effects
- B05D5/061—Special surface effect
- B05D5/063—Reflective effect
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
- C08K5/17—Amines; Quaternary ammonium compounds
- C08K5/19—Quaternary ammonium compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
- C08K5/34—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L53/00—Compositions of block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/02—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements made of crystals, e.g. rock-salt, semi-conductors
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a non-volatile photonic material and a manufacturing method thereof.
- a block copolymer in which different incompatible polymers are connected to each other has a regular periodic structure in which different domains of several nanometers to several hundred nanometers are phase-separated, that is, nanophase separation structure (microphase separation). It is known to form a structure (also called a mesophase separation structure) (Non-Patent Document 1).
- a photonic material is a nanostructure having a periodic structure composed of different refractive index components, and a one-dimensional photonic material having a one-dimensional repeating structure reflects light of a specific wavelength.
- a photonic material can be produced even from a block copolymer composed of different dielectric constant components and substantially different refractive index components (Patent Documents 1 and 2).
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 it is not possible to obtain nanostructures that exhibit photonic crystal characteristics for visible light, that is, nanophase separation structures of hundreds of nanometers or more, unless they are small polymers with a molecular weight of about 500,000. Application and production were limited.
- Patent Document 3 Non-Patent Document 2.
- a solution of block copolymer polystyrene-b-poly (2-vinylpyridine) is spin coated on the surface of the slide glass, and then exposed to chloroform vapor at 50 ° C. to perform solvent annealing, and the annealing is completed.
- poly (2-vinylpyridine) blocks are crosslinked with dibromopropane, and water is allowed to act on the crosslinked film to produce a film that reflects light of various wavelengths (light in the wavelength region including visible light) depending on the degree of crosslinking. is doing.
- Thomas et al. Proposed a method of making a one-dimensional photonic film by swelling a block copolymer thin film having a molecular weight of about 200,000 with methanol (Non-patent Document 3).
- This method does not require a crosslinking step.
- a solution of polystyrene-b-poly (2-vinylpyridine), which is a block copolymer is spin-coated on the surface of a slide glass, and then exposed to chloroform vapor at 40 ° C. to perform solvent annealing, and the annealing is completed. Later, trifluoroethanol was allowed to act to produce a blue reflective film.
- Non-patent Document 4 a solution of polystyrene-b-poly (2-vinylpyridine), which is a block copolymer, is spin-coated on the slide surface and then exposed to chloroform vapor at 50 ° C. for solvent annealing.
- a gel film is produced by immersing a thin film in a hexane solution of 1-bromoethane at 50 ° C. to cause quaternary chlorination and then allowing water to act.
- this type of block copolymer photonic thin film is expected to be applied to mechanochromic materials, thermochromic materials, and electrochromic materials (Non-Patent Documents 3, 5, and 6).
- Non-Patent Documents 2 to 6 have their nanostructures restored to their original size due to evaporation of the solvent, so that the characteristics of the photonic material are lost over time at room temperature and in an atmospheric atmosphere. There was a problem. There is also a problem that application to mechanochromic materials, thermochromic materials, or electrochromic materials is hindered.
- the present invention has been made to solve such problems, and provides a non-volatile photonic material that reflects a part of light in a wavelength region from near ultraviolet light to near infrared light over a long period of time.
- the main purpose is to solve such problems, and provides a non-volatile photonic material that reflects a part of light in a wavelength region from near ultraviolet light to near infrared light over a long period of time.
- the present inventors spin-coated a solution containing a block copolymer on the surface of the substrate, and then annealed it. After the annealing was completed, a nonvolatile solvent was added. It has been found that a part of light in a wavelength region from ultraviolet light to near infrared light is reflected, and the present invention has been completed.
- the nonvolatile photonic material of the present invention is a photonic material that reflects part of light in the wavelength region from near ultraviolet light to near infrared light, and a plurality of different polymer chains are connected to each other.
- the method for producing a non-volatile photonic material of the present invention is a method for producing a photonic material that reflects a part of light in a wavelength region from near ultraviolet light to near infrared light, and is a block in which a plurality of different polymer chains are connected.
- a thin film is formed on a substrate using a solution containing a copolymer, and the thin film is swollen with a non-volatile solvent.
- the nonvolatile photonic material of the present invention has a nanophase separation structure. Each phase constituting the nanophase separation structure is formed of different polymer chains. At least one of the polymer chains is swollen by a non-volatile solvent (not just immersion or dissolution). For this reason, the photonic material of the present invention has a larger reflected light wavelength compared to the case where none of the polymer chains are swollen, and reflects a part of light in the wavelength region from near ultraviolet light to near infrared light. To do. In addition, since the photonic material of the present invention swells the polymer chain using a non-volatile solvent instead of a volatile solvent, the solvent evaporates during storage and the polymer chain does not swell from the swollen state. There is no return to the state. Therefore, part of light in the wavelength region from near ultraviolet light to near infrared light can be reflected over a long period of time.
- FIG. 6 is a reflection spectrum of the photonic film (on a quartz substrate) of Examples 1 to 4. It is the reflection spectrum of the photonic film of Example 1 (on a quartz substrate) after about 100 days. It is a TEM image, (a) shows before ionic liquid addition, (b) shows after ionic liquid addition. It is a SEM image, (a) shows before ionic liquid addition, (b) shows after ionic liquid addition. It is a small angle X-ray scattering profile, (a) shows before ionic liquid addition, (b) shows after ionic liquid addition. 10 is a reflection spectrum of a photonic film (on a glass substrate) of Examples 5 to 9.
- the nonvolatile photonic material of the present invention is a photonic material that reflects a part of light in the wavelength region from near ultraviolet light to near infrared light, and a plurality of different polymer chains are connected, and each polymer chain is independent.
- a block copolymer that forms an aggregated nanophase separation structure, and at least one of the plurality of different polymer chains is swollen by a non-volatile solvent.
- the block copolymer forms a nanophase separation structure in which a plurality of different polymer chains are connected and each polymer chain is aggregated independently.
- examples of the block copolymer include those in which two different polymer chains are connected and those in which three different polymer chains are connected, and those in which two different polymer chains are connected are preferable. That is, the block copolymer is preferably one in which the first polymer chain and the second polymer chain different from each other are connected.
- the first polymer chain is preferably polystyrenes or polydienes.
- polystyrenes for example, polystyrene, polymethylstyrene, polydimethylstyrene, polytrimethylstyrene, polyethylstyrene, polyisopropylstyrene, polychloromethylstyrene, polymethoxystyrene, polyacetoxystyrene, polychlorostyrene, polydistyrene.
- examples include chlorostyrene, polybromostyrene, and polytrifluoromethylstyrene.
- polydienes include polybutadiene and polyisoprene.
- the second polymer chain is preferably polyvinyl pyridines, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylic acid esters, polymethacrylic acid or polymethacrylic acid esters, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, or polyvinyl imidazole.
- examples of the polyvinylpyridines include poly (2-vinylpyridine), poly (3-vinylpyridine), poly (4-vinylpyridine) and the like.
- polyacrylates include polymethyl acrylate, polyethyl acrylate, polybutyl acrylate, polybutyl isobutyl, polyhexyl acrylate, poly-2-ethylhexyl acrylate, phenyl polyacrylate, methoxy polyacrylate Examples include ethyl and glycidyl polyacrylate.
- polymethacrylates include polymethyl methacrylate, polyethyl methacrylate, polybutyl methacrylate, polyisobutyl methacrylate, polyhexyl methacrylate, poly-2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, polyisodecyl methacrylate, polymethacrylate. Examples include lauryl acid, polyphenyl methacrylate, and polymethoxyethyl methacrylate.
- the second polymer chain is greatly swollen by the non-volatile solvent compared to the first polymer chain.
- the block copolymer is preferably a polystyrene-b-poly (2-vinylpyridine) block copolymer or a polystyrene-b-polymethyl methacrylate block copolymer.
- the block copolymer forms a nano-separated structure in which a plurality of different polymer chains are aggregated independently.
- the nanophase separation structure include a sphere structure, a cylinder structure, and a lamella structure. Among these, a lamella structure is preferable.
- the block copolymer combinations such as nonpolar / polar, polar / polar, nonpolymer electrolyte / polymer electrolyte, and the like can be used.
- the block copolymer may have a bicontinuous structure or a quasiperiodic structure.
- the nonvolatile photonic material of the present invention may contain different block copolymers and homopolymers in addition to the main block copolymer and the nonvolatile solvent. When a plurality of block copolymers are included, their content may be set as appropriate.
- the total molecular weight of the block copolymer is not particularly limited, but is preferably 50,000 or more, more preferably 80,000 or more.
- the molecular weight is less than 50,000, even if one of the polymer chains is swollen, there is a possibility that light in a wavelength region from near ultraviolet light to near infrared light may not be reflected, which is not preferable.
- the wavelength of the reflected light of the photonic material of the present invention can be adjusted by adjusting the molecular weight of the block copolymer.
- a coil-coil type, a rod-coil type, or a rod-rod type may be used as the block copolymer.
- nonvolatile photonic material of the present invention in the block copolymer, at least one of a plurality of different polymer chains is swollen by a nonvolatile solvent.
- the nonvolatile solvent refers to a solvent having a very low vapor pressure and liquid at normal temperature (any temperature of 10 to 50 ° C.) and normal pressure (any pressure of 950 to 1100 hPa). “Vapor pressure is extremely low” means that a mass of 99% or more is maintained even if left for 24 hours at room temperature and normal pressure.
- the polymer chain is preferably one that swells by interaction with a non-volatile solvent. Here, examples of the interaction include a hydrogen bond and an ionic interaction.
- the non-volatile solvent may be a non-volatile protic solvent or a non-volatile solvent containing the same.
- the polymer chain is preferably one that swells by receiving protons from the protic solvent.
- the nonvolatile protic solvent refers to a solvent that contains a proton donating group such as OH or NH, has a very low vapor pressure, and is liquid at normal temperature and normal pressure.
- the non-volatile solvent may be a non-volatile solvent that accepts protons or a non-volatile solvent containing the non-volatile solvent.
- the polymer chain is a protonic chain that donates a proton to the non-volatile solvent, and preferably swells.
- the non-volatile protic solvent is preferably a protic ionic liquid.
- the protic ionic liquid include an ionic liquid composed of a salt of a nitrogen-containing heterocycle having a proton on the nitrogen of the nitrogen-containing heterocycle, and an ionic liquid of an ammonium salt having a proton on the nitrogen of an organic amine.
- the former ionic liquid include imidazolium salts, triazolium salts, pyridinium salts, and pyrrolidinium salts. Of these, imidazolium salts, triazolium salts, and pyridinium salts are preferable.
- the latter ionic liquid include alkyl ammonium salts.
- imidazolium salt examples include bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide (also referred to as TFSI, TFSA, but unified to TFSI) salt of imidazolium, 1-methylimidazolium acetate, TFSI salt, or bis (pentafluoroethane).
- TFSI trifluoromethylsulfonyl
- TFSA bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide
- TFSI bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide
- BETI 1-ethylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonic acid
- TfO 1-ethyl-2-methylimidazolium BETI salt or perchlorate
- 1,2- Examples thereof include TFSI salt or BETI salt of dimethylimidazolium.
- Examples of the triazolium salt include TFSI salt of 1,2,4-triazolium.
- Examples of the pyridinium salt include trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) salt of 2-methylpyridinium.
- Examples of the pyrrolidinium salt include 2-pyrrolidonium nitrate or phenol carboxylate.
- alkylammonium salt examples include ethylammonium nitrate, propylammonium TFA salt or nitrate, butylammonium thiocyanate or TFSI salt, tert-butylammonium TfO salt, ethanolammonium tetrafluoroboronic acid (BF 4 ) Salt, TFSI salt or BF4 salt of alanine methyl ester, nitrate salt of alanine ethyl ester, nitrate of isoleucine methyl ester, nitrate of threonine methyl ester, nitrate of poroline methyl ester, nitrate of bis (proline ethyl ester), 1,1,3 , 3-Tetramethylguanidinium butyrate, dipropylammonium thiocyanate, dipropylammonium nitrate, 1-methylpropylammonium thiocyanate, triethylan Examples include T
- a protic ionic liquid synthesized by mixing a base (for example, 1-ethylimidazole) and an acid (for example, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid) it is non-volatile at normal temperature and normal pressure even if the ratio of base to acid is not 1: 1. If it is, it is regarded as a protic ionic liquid.
- a base for example, 1-ethylimidazole
- an acid for example, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid
- a protic ionic liquid prepared by mixing a salt (alanine ethyl ester hydrochloride) and a salt (for example, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate), even if a solid salt (lithium chloride in the above case) is mixed, If it is non-volatile under pressure, it is regarded as a protic ionic liquid.
- a salt alanine ethyl ester hydrochloride
- a salt for example, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate
- a material in which different refractive index components are laminated with a period of 100 to 250 nm reflects light of a specific wavelength.
- a material is called a one-dimensional photonic crystal.
- the block copolymer forms a regular periodic structure on the order of nm called a nanophase separation structure. Therefore, if a nanophase separation structure (for example, a lamellar structure) having a large period size is developed, it can be used as a one-dimensional photonic crystal.
- the photonic material of the present invention swells one of the polymer chains with a non-volatile solvent so that the size of the structural period is relatively large (for example, 130 to 300 nm), and as a result, reflects light in the visible light region. It is a thing. Since a non-volatile solvent is used to swell the polymer chain, it is possible to reflect part of light in the wavelength region from near ultraviolet light to near infrared light semipermanently.
- the method for producing the nonvolatile photonic material of the present invention will be described below.
- a thin film is formed on a substrate using a solution containing a block copolymer in which a plurality of different polymer chains are connected.
- the thin film is swollen with a non-volatile solvent.
- the method of forming the thin film is not particularly limited as long as the thin film can be formed.
- spin coating, solvent casting, dip coating A general method such as a roll coating method, a curtain coating method, a slide method, an extrusion method, a bar method, or a gravure method can be employed.
- the spin coat method is preferable from the viewpoint of productivity and the like. What is necessary is just to set the conditions of a spin coat method suitably according to the block copolymer to be used.
- the thickness of the thin film is not particularly limited, but may be 0.5 to 10 ⁇ m, for example.
- the solvent may be appropriately selected according to the block copolymer.
- a halogenated hydrocarbon solvent such as chloroform or an ether solvent such as THF may be used.
- the annealing and time may be appropriately set according to the block copolymer, but may be set at 30 to 90 ° C. for 6 to 48 hours, for example.
- the block copolymer settles into a nanophase separation structure (for example, a lamellar structure) which is a thermodynamically stable structure.
- the above-mentioned non-volatile solvents can be used.
- a non-volatile solvent is dropped on the thin film so that the solvent is spread over the entire thin film, and then heated at 30 to 90 ° C. to thereby form a plurality of different polymer chains constituting the block copolymer. At least one of them is swollen with a non-volatile solvent. What is necessary is just to set a heating temperature and time suitably according to the block copolymer to be used or a non-volatile solvent.
- polystyrene-b-poly (2-vinylpyridine) (hereinafter referred to as “PS-P2VP”) is synthesized from a block copolymer described in Polymer Journal 18, 493-499 (1986). Synthesized with reference to (high vacuum breakable seal method). The specific procedure is shown below.
- the inside of the high vacuum reaction kettle was washed with a THF solution of ⁇ -styrene tetramer sodium.
- the reaction kettle was cooled to ⁇ 78 ° C. and sufficiently stirred, and then a THF solution of styrene monomer (1.92M, 25 mL) was added to start anionic polymerization.
- PS-P2VP was dissolved in DMF to prepare a 0.1 wt% solution, and molecular weight distribution (Mw / Mn) was determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) measurement.
- the eluate was DMF, the flow rate was 1 mL / min, and measurement was performed with three TSK-GEL columns G4000HHR manufactured by Tosoh connected.
- the molecular weight distribution Mw / Mn was 1.12.
- the composition of PS (volume fraction ⁇ s) was determined to be 0.50 from measurement with a Varian UNITY-INOVA 500 MHz nuclear magnetic resonance apparatus.
- the total molecular weight Mn of the block copolymer was determined by membrane osmotic pressure measurement and found to be 78k.
- the PS-P2VP thus obtained is referred to as SP01.
- the obtained SP01 was dissolved in 1,4-dioxane to prepare a 7 wt% solution. Subsequently, this solution was dropped onto a quartz slide glass, and the film thickness was about 2 ⁇ m by spin coating using a spin coater (1H-DX2 manufactured by Mikasa Co., Ltd.) at a spin coating speed of 500 rpm and a spin coating time of 60 seconds. A thin film was formed. Subsequently, in order to optimize the nanophase separation structure of SP01 in the thin film, annealing was performed with a solvent vapor. Specifically, annealing was performed at 40 ° C. for 12 hours using chloroform vapor.
- the ionic liquid is dropped onto the annealed thin film, and the ionic liquid is spread over the entire film by spreading the ionic liquid with a Pasteur pipette, and warmed at 40 ° C. for about 1 hour using a hot plate.
- the thin film was set to the maximum swelling state.
- the photonic film of Example 1 was produced.
- ionic liquid a protonic ionic liquid ImHTFSI (see Chemical Formula 1) obtained by mixing imidazole and bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide at a molar ratio of 7: 3 was used.
- This ionic liquid had a glass transition temperature Tg of about ⁇ 77 ° C., a melting temperature Tm of about 12 ° C., and a refractive index n D of 1.44 (20 ° C.).
- PS-P2VP was synthesized in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a THF solution of cumyl potassium (1.92 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 M, 4.2 mL) was used.
- This PS-P2VP is referred to as SP02.
- SP02 Using this SP02, a photonic film of Example 2 was produced in the same manner as Example 1.
- PS-P2VP was synthesized in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a THF solution of cumyl potassium (1.92 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 M, 3.2 mL) was used.
- This PS-P2VP is referred to as SP03.
- SP03 Using this SP03, a photonic film of Example 3 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
- PS-P2VP was synthesized in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a THF solution of cumyl potassium (1.92 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 M, 1.4 mL) was used and annealing was performed using a vapor of THF. .
- This PS-P2VP is referred to as SP04.
- a photonic film of Example 4 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the photonic film of Example 1 reflected blue visible light of 406 nm.
- the photonic film of Example 2 reflected yellow-green to blue-green light of 507 nm.
- the photonic film of Example 3 reflected yellow light of 579 nm.
- a secondary peak was seen at 302 nm, suggesting the presence of a lamellar structure.
- the photonic film of Example 4 reflected 861 nm near infrared light. A secondary peak was seen at 436 nm and a tertiary peak was seen at 300 nm, suggesting a lamellar structure as in Example 3.
- the photonic film of Example 4 appeared blue in appearance. Further, as shown in FIG.
- Example 2 it was confirmed that the photonic film of Example 1 reflected substantially the same light as that before the standing even after being left in the atmosphere at room temperature for about 100 days. Also in Examples 2 to 4, it was confirmed that the same light was reflected after being left as it was before being left.
- the photonic membrane of Example 1 was separately prepared and observed using a transmission electron microscope (TEM).
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- a polyimide film was used instead of the quartz slide glass.
- an alkali treatment was performed in which the membrane was immersed in a 1M KOH aqueous solution at 40 ° C. for 15 minutes.
- the thin film before adding the ionic liquid and the thin film after adding the ionic liquid were cut out and embedded in an epoxy resin, and then an ultrathin section (thickness 50 nm) was prepared using a microtome. I put it on top. Thereafter, the ultrathin section was stained with iodine for 40 minutes, and TEM observation was performed with the following apparatus and conditions.
- Apparatus JEM-1400 manufactured by JEOL Ltd. Acceleration voltage: 120 kV
- FIG. 3 (a) is a TEM image before addition of the ionic liquid
- FIG. 3 (b) is a TEM image after addition of the ionic liquid.
- the white portion is the polystyrene phase (PS phase)
- the black portion is the poly (2-pyridine) phase (P2VP phase).
- the thickness of the white portion was 17 nm
- the thickness of the black portion was 18 nm
- the sum of both, ie, the repetition period D was 35 nm.
- the ionic liquid from FIG.
- the thickness of the white portion was 18 nm
- the thickness of the black portion was 102 nm
- SAXS measurement In order to determine the size of the structure before and after swelling of the ionic liquid, a thin film before and after adding the ionic liquid in Example 1 was separately prepared on a polyimide substrate, and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurement was performed. A film swollen by an ionic liquid and a film not swollen were prepared, and the film was cut out to obtain a sample for SAXS measurement.
- the equipment and conditions are as follows.
- FIG. 5A shows the SAXS profile before adding the ionic liquid
- FIG. 5B shows the SAXS profile after adding the ionic liquid.
- Example 1 A thin film was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that EMITFSI (ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide, see Chemical Formula 2) was used as the ionic liquid instead of ImHTFSI. It did not reflect light in the wavelength region from ultraviolet light to near infrared light. It is considered that the reason why the results were finished was that ImHTSI used in Example 1 was a protic ionic liquid, whereas EMITFSI used in Comparative Example 1 was an aprotic ionic liquid.
- EMITFSI ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide
- Examples 5 to 9 A total of five PS-P2VPs, 40.5k-41k, 40k-44k, 55k-50k, 84k-69k, 102k-97k, were purchased from Polymer Source Inc. as AB diblock copolymers.
- a photonic thin film was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 described above.
- the respective polymers are named SP05, SP06, SP07, SP08, and SP09, and the photonic film manufacturing steps are set to Examples 5 to 9, respectively.
- FIGS. 6A to 6E show their reflection spectra.
- the photonic film of Example 5 reflected 393 nm blue-violet light.
- the photonic film of Example 6 reflected 398 nm blue-violet light.
- the photonic film of Example 7 reflected 455 nm blue light.
- the photonic film of Example 8 reflected 584 nm yellow-green light.
- the photonic film of Example 9 reflected 629 nm red light.
- the photonic film of Example 9 showed a secondary peak at 322 nm, suggesting the presence of a lamellar structure.
- Table 1 summarizes the number average molecular weight Mn, volume fraction ⁇ s, and peak wavelength ⁇ (nm) of the reflection spectrum of the photonic films of Examples 1 to 9. Based on Table 1, a graph was created with the horizontal axis representing the number average molecular weight Mn and the vertical axis representing the peak wavelength ⁇ (nm) of the reflection spectrum. The graph is shown in FIG.
- Example 10 to 13 Comparative Example 2
- the AB diblock copolymer SP09 was used, and a photonic thin film was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 described above.
- the ionic liquid a mixture ratio (weight ratio) of ImHTFSI and EMITFSI shown in Table 2 was used. And the color and reflection spectrum of these reflected lights were measured. The results are shown in Table 2.
- Table 2 when EMITFSI was used alone (Comparative Example 2), visible light was not reflected, but when ImHTFSI was used alone (Example 9), or a mixed solvent of ImHTFSI and EMITFSI. In the case of using (Examples 10 to 13), visible light was reflected.
- FIG. 8 is a graph showing the relationship between the ImHTFSI concentration (wt%) and the peak wavelength of the reflected light spectrum.
- the concentration (wt%) of ImTFSI is the weight ratio of ImTFSI to the mixed solvent of EMITFSI and ImTFSI.
- the peak wavelength of the reflected light spectrum increases as the concentration of ImHTFSI increases. That is, it was found that the peak wavelength of the reflection spectrum can be controlled by the concentration of ImHTFSI, which is a non-volatile protic solvent.
- Example 14 a photonic film was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that TAZHTFSI (see Chemical Formula 3 below), which is a triazole salt, was used as the ionic liquid. In Example 15, methyl imidazole was used as the ionic liquid. A photonic film was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that MImHTFSI (see Chemical Formula 3 below), which is a lithium salt, was used.
- FIGS. 9A and 9B show their reflection spectra. All photonic films were swollen by the ionic liquid. In Example 14, it was confirmed that 396 nm visible light was reflected, and in Example 15, 411 nm visible light was reflected.
- Example 16 a photonic film was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that TEATFSI (see Chemical Formula 4 below), which is an ammonium salt of a tertiary amine, was used as the ionic liquid.
- TEATFSI see Chemical Formula 4 below
- tBATfO see Chemical Formula 4 below
- FIGS. 10A and 10B show their reflection spectra. All photonic films were swollen by the ionic liquid. Further, it was confirmed that light of 341 nm was reflected in Example 16 and light of 361 nm was reflected in Example 17.
- TEATFSI is a colorless and transparent liquid
- tBATfO is a colorless and transparent liquid.
- Example 18 a photonic film was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 2MPyTFA that is a pyridinium salt (see the following chemical formula 5) was used as the ionic liquid.
- Example 19 EImTfO that was an ethyl imidazolium salt.
- a photonic film was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that (see the chemical formula 5 below) was used.
- FIGS. 11A and 11B show the reflection spectra thereof. All photonic films were swollen by the ionic liquid. Further, it was confirmed that the light of 356 nm was reflected in Example 18 and the light of 387 nm was reflected in Example 19. 2MPyTFA is a light yellow liquid, and EImTfO is a colorless and transparent liquid.
- Example 20 As an AB diblock copolymer, 80 k-80 k polystyrene-polymethyl methacrylate (hereinafter referred to as “PS-PMMA”) was purchased from Polymer Source Inc. Using this PS-PMMA, a photonic film of Example 20 was produced using ImHTFSI in the same manner as in Example 1. FIG. 12 shows the reflection spectrum. It was confirmed that 637 nm light was reflected. This photonic film reflected red visible light.
- PS-PMMA polystyrene-polymethyl methacrylate
- Example 21 66--63.5k PS-PMMA was purchased from Polymer Source Inc. as an AB diblock copolymer. Using this PS-PMMA, a photonic film of Example 21 was produced using ImHTFSI in the same manner as in Example 1.
- FIG. 13 shows the reflection spectrum. Since the thin film surface was disturbed, a sharp reflection peak could not be confirmed, but it was confirmed to reflect light around 453 m. This photonic film reflected blue visible light.
- Example 1 An attempt was made to produce a photonic thin film using EHIBr, EPyTFSI, EMIBF4, and TOMAC (see Chemical Formula 6 below) instead of ImHTFSI (Comparative Examples 3 to 6), but visible light was not reflected.
- Example 20 an attempt was made to produce a photonic thin film using EMITFSI, EHIBr, EPyTFSI, EMIBF4, and TOMAC instead of ImHTFSI (Comparative Examples 7 to 11), but this also did not reflect visible light.
- the reason why the results were finished was that ImHTSI used in Example 1 and Example 20 was a protic ionic liquid, whereas EMITFSI used in Comparative Example 3 was an aprotic ionic liquid.
- the reflectivity of the photonic film differs depending on the embodiment.
- the reason is that the photonic film is completed (how many cycles the nanostructure has, how many repeat units are the same, and is disturbed). This is probably because the reflectivity changes depending on whether the surface is rough, the interface is sufficiently narrow, or the like. Incidentally, the reflectance varies depending on the location even in the same photonic film.
- the present invention can be used for optical filters, polarizers, wave plates and the like.
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Abstract
Description
ABジブロック共重合体として、ポリスチレン-b-ポリ(2-ビニルピリジン)(以下、「PS-P2VP」という)を、Polymer Journal 18, 493-499(1986)に記載のブロック共重合体合成法(高真空ブレイカブルシール法)を参考にして合成した。具体的な手順を以下に示す。
クミルカリウムのTHF溶液(1.92×10-2M、4.2mL)を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にしてPS-P2VPを合成した。得られたPS-P2VPは、Mw/Mn=1.14、φs=0.47,Mn=108kであった。このPS-P2VPをSP02と称することとする。このSP02を用いて、実施例1と同様にして、実施例2のフォトニック膜を作製した。
クミルカリウムのTHF溶液(1.92×10-2M、3.2mL)を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にしてPS-P2VPを合成した。得られたPS-P2VPは、Mw/Mn=1.06、φs=0.50,Mn=158kであった。このPS-P2VPをSP03と称することとする。このSP03を用いて、実施例1と同様にして、実施例3のフォトニック膜を作製した。
クミルカリウムのTHF溶液(1.92×10-2M、1.4mL)を用いたこと、THFの蒸気を用いてアニールを行ったこと以外は、実施例1と同様にしてPS-P2VPを合成した。得られたPS-P2VPは、Mw/Mn=1.10、φs=0.51,Mn=334kであった。このPS-P2VPをSP04と称することとする。このSP04を用いて、実施例1と同様にして、実施例4のフォトニック膜を作製した。
実施例1~4のフォトニック膜の可視光と紫外光、赤外光に対する反射率を以下の装置、条件で測定した。
光源:オーシャン・オプティクス社製のDH2000-BAL重水素・ハロゲンランプ
分光器:オーシャン・オプティクス社製のQE-65000
露光時間:8msec
測定環境:暗室内、室温
イオン液体による膨潤前後の薄膜のナノ相分離構造を観察するため、実施例1のフォトニック膜を別途調製し、透過型電子顕微鏡(TEM)を用いてそれを観察した。薄膜を形成するにあたって、石英スライドガラスの代わりにポリイミド膜を用いた。また、膜の表面を親水化するため、膜を40℃の1M KOH水溶液中で15分間浸すというアルカリ処理を行った。そして、イオン液体を添加する前の薄膜とイオン液体を添加した後の薄膜をそれぞれ切り取ってエポキシ樹脂に包埋した後、ミクロトームを用いて超薄切片(厚さ50nm)を作製し、Cuグリッドの上に載せた。その後、超薄切片をヨウ素により40分間染色し、以下の装置、条件でTEM観察を行った。
装置:日本電子(株)製のJEM-1400
加速電圧:120kV
イオン液体の膨潤前後の薄膜の膜厚を測定するために、実施例1でイオン液体を添加する前後の薄膜を別途調製し、電界放出形走査電子顕微鏡(FE-SEM)を用いてそれを観察した。ここでは、薄膜を形成するにあたって、石英スライドガラスの代わりにカバーグラスを用いた。観察に用いた装置、条件は以下のとおりである。図4(a)はイオン液体添加前のSEM像、図4(b)はイオン液体添加後のSEM像である。図4から、イオン液体添加後は添加前の3.4倍(=7.9μm/2.3μm)に膨潤していることがわかった。
装置:日本電子(株)製のJSM-7500FA
加速電圧:1kV
イオン液体の膨潤前後の構造の大きさを求めるために、実施例1でイオン液体を添加する前後の薄膜をポリイミド基板上に別途調製し、小角X線散乱(SAXS)測定を行った。イオン液体によって膨潤したものと膨潤していない膜を作製し、膜を切り取りSAXS測定用試料とした。装置、条件は以下のとおりである。図5(a)はイオン液体添加前のSAXSプロファイル、図5(b)はイオン液体添加後のSAXSプロファイルである。イオン液体によって膨潤していないもののSAXSプロファイルには、奇数次ピークが観測されたため、2成分の組成が等しいラメラ構造を形成していると判断した。繰り返し周期Dは43nmであった。一方、イオン液体によって膨潤したもののSAXSプロファイルでは、最も低q値に見えるピークを2次と仮定すると、その後に見えるピークのq値の比が3:4:5:6になったことから、1次ピークは隠れて見えていないが、ラメラ構造を形成していると判断した。繰り返し周期は138nmであった。すなわちイオン液体添加後は添加前の3.2倍(=138nm/43nm)に膨潤していることがわかる。
装置:高エネルギー加速器研究機構(KEK)Photon Factory(PF) beamline 10C
X線波長:0.15nm
カメラ長:199cm
イオン液体として、ImHTFSIの代わりにEMITFSI(エチル-3-メチルイミダゾリウム ビス(トリフルオロメチルスルホニル)イミド、化2参照)を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして薄膜を作製したが、近紫外光から近赤外光までの波長領域の光を反射しなかった。このような結果に終わった原因は、実施例1で用いたImHTFSIがプロトン性イオン液体だったのに対して、比較例1で用いたEMITFSIは非プロトン性イオン液体だったことによると考えられる。P2VPを溶解、膨潤するプロトン性イオン液体とP2VPとの間には、水素結合やイオン性相互作用などが生じていると考えられ、一方非プロトン性イオン液体ではそのような作用が生じず、P2VPを膨潤しなかったと考えられる。
ABジブロック共重合体として、40.5k-41k、40k-44k、55k-50k、84k-69k、102k-97kの計5つのPS-P2VPをポリマー・ソース社(Polymer Source Inc.)から購入し、上述した実施例1と同様にしてフォトニック薄膜を作製した。それぞれのポリマーをSP05、SP06、SP07、SP08、SP09と命名し、フォトニック膜作製工程についてはそれぞれ実施例5~実施例9とする。図6(a)~(e)にそれらの反射スペクトルを示す。実施例5のフォトニック膜は、393nmの青紫色の光を反射した。実施例6のフォトニック膜は、398nmの青紫色の光を反射した。実施例7のフォトニック膜は、455nmの青色の光を反射した。実施例8のフォトニック膜は、584nmの黄緑色の光を反射した。実施例9のフォトニック膜は、629nmの赤色の光を反射した。また、実施例9のフォトニック膜は、322nmに2次ピークが見えており、ラメラ構造の存在が示唆された。
ABジブロック共重合体として、SP09を用い、上述した実施例1と同様にしてフォトニック薄膜を作製した。ここでは、イオン液体として、ImHTFSIとEMITFSIとの混合比(重量比)を表2に示すものを用いた。そして、これらの反射光の色や反射スペクトルを測定した。その結果を表2に示す。表2に示すように、EMITFSIを単独で用いた場合(比較例2)には可視光を反射しなかったが、ImHTFSIを単独で用いた場合(実施例9)やImHTFSIとEMITFSIとの混合溶媒を用いた場合(実施例10~13)には可視光を反射した。こうしたことから、可視光を反射するフォトニック膜を得るためには、使用する溶媒に不揮発なプロトン性溶媒を含んでいればよいことがわかった。図8は、ImHTFSIの濃度(wt%)と反射光スペクトルのピーク波長との関係を表すグラフである。ImTFSIの濃度(wt%)は、EMITFSIとImTFSIとの混合溶媒に対するImTFSIの重量割合である。このグラフから明らかなように、ImHTFSIの濃度が高くなるにつれて反射光スペクトルのピーク波長も高くなることがわかった。つまり、反射スペクトルのピーク波長は、不揮発なプロトン性溶媒であるImHTFSIの濃度によって制御できることがわかった。
実施例14では、イオン液体としてトリアゾ-ル塩であるTAZHTFSI(下記化3参照)を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にしてフォトニック膜を作製し、実施例15では、イオン液体としてメチルイミダゾリウム塩であるMImHTFSI(下記化3参照)を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にしてフォトニック膜を作製した。図9(a)、(b)にそれらの反射スペクトルを示す。いずれのフォトニック膜も、イオン液体によって膨潤化した。また、実施例14では396nmの可視光を、実施例15では411nmの可視光を反射することを確認した。なお、TAZHTFSIはTm=22.8℃の無色透明の液体であり、MImHTFSIはTm=9℃の無色透明の液体である。
実施例16では、イオン液体として3級アミンのアンモニウム塩であるTEATFSI(下記化4参照)を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にしてフォトニック膜を作製し、実施例17では、イオン液体として3級アミンのアンモニウム塩であるtBATfO(下記化4参照)を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にしてフォトニック膜を作製した。図10(a)、(b)にそれらの反射スペクトルを示す。いずれのフォトニック膜も、イオン液体によって膨潤化した。また、実施例16では341nmの光を、実施例17では361nmの光を反射することを確認した。なお、TEATFSIは無色透明の液体であり、tBATfOは無色透明の液体である。
実施例18では、イオン液体としてピリジニウム塩である2MPyTFA(下記化5参照)を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にしてフォトニック膜を作製し、実施例19では、エチルイミダゾリウム塩であるEImTfO(下記化5参照)を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にしてフォトニック膜を作製した。図11(a)、(b)にそれらの反射スペクトルを示す。いずれのフォトニック膜も、イオン液体によって膨潤化した。また、実施例18では356nmの光を、実施例19では387nmの光を反射することを確認した。なお、2MPyTFAは淡黄色の液体であり、EImTfOは無色透明の液体である。
ABジブロック共重合体として、80k-80kのポリスチレン-ポリメチルメタクリレート(以下、「PS-PMMA」という)を、ポリマー・ソース社(Polymer Source Inc.)から購入した。このPS-PMMAを用いて、実施例1と同様にして、ImHTFSIを用いて実施例20のフォトニック膜を作製した。図12に反射スペクトルを示す。637nmの光を反射することを確認した。このフォトニック膜は、赤色の可視光を反射した。
ABジブロック共重合体として、66k-63.5kのPS-PMMAを、ポリマー・ソース社(Polymer Source Inc.)から購入した。このPS-PMMAを用いて、実施例1と同様にして、ImHTFSIを用いて実施例21のフォトニック膜を作製した。図13に反射スペクトルを示す。薄膜表面に乱れが見られたため、鋭い反射ピークを確認することはできなかったが、453m周辺の光を反射することを確認した。このフォトニック膜は、青色の可視光を反射した。
実施例1において、ImHTFSIの代わりにEHIBr、EPyTFSI、EMIBF4、TOMAC(下記化6参照)を用いてフォトニック薄膜を作製しようとしたが(比較例3~6)、可視光を反射しなかった。また実施例20において、ImHTFSIの代わりにEMITFSI、EHIBr、EPyTFSI、EMIBF4、TOMACを用いてフォトニック薄膜を作製しようとしたが(比較例7~11)、これも可視光を反射しなかった。このような結果に終わった原因は、実施例1や実施例20で用いたImHTFSIがプロトン性イオン液体だったのに対して、比較例3で用いたEMITFSIは非プロトン性イオン液体だったことによると考えられる。P2VPやPMMAを膨潤化させるプロトン性イオン液体とP2VPやPMMAとの間には、水素結合やイオン性相互作用などが生じていると考えられる。一方非プロトン性イオン液体ではそのような作用は生じず、P2VPやPMMAを膨潤しなかったと考えられる。
Claims (16)
- 近紫外光から近赤外光までの波長領域の一部の光を反射する不揮発なフォトニック材料であって、
複数の異なるポリマー鎖が繋がり、各ポリマー鎖が独立して凝集したナノ相分離構造を形成するブロック共重合体
を備え、
前記複数の異なるポリマー鎖のうちの少なくとも1つは、不揮発性溶媒によって膨潤されている、
不揮発なフォトニック材料。 - 可視光の波長領域の一部の光を反射する、
請求項1に記載の不揮発なフォトニック材料。 - 前記不揮発性溶媒は、不揮発なプロトン性溶媒又はそれを含有する不揮発な溶媒である、
請求項1又は2に記載の不揮発なフォトニック材料。 - 前記不揮発性溶媒は、プロトン性イオン液体又はそれを含有する不揮発な溶媒である、
請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の不揮発なフォトニック材料。 - 前記不揮発なプロトン性溶媒は、含窒素ヘテロ環の窒素上にプロトンを持つ含窒素ヘテロ環の塩からなるイオン液体又は有機アミンの窒素上にプロトンを持つアンモニウム塩のイオン液体である、
請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の不揮発なフォトニック材料。 - 前記含窒素ヘテロ環は、イミダゾール、トリアゾール又はピリジンである、
請求項5に記載の不揮発なフォトニック材料。 - 前記複数の異なるポリマー鎖は、第1ポリマー鎖と第2ポリマー鎖であり、
前記第2ポリマー鎖の方が前記第1ポリマー鎖に比べて前記不揮発性溶媒によって大きく膨潤されている、
請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の不揮発なフォトニック材料。 - 前記第1ポリマー鎖は、ポリスチレン鎖であり、
前記第2ポリマー鎖は、ポリビニルピリジン鎖又はポリメタクリル酸エステル類である、
請求項7に記載の不揮発なフォトニック材料。 - 近紫外光から近赤外光までの波長領域の一部の光を反射する不揮発なフォトニック材料の製法であって、
複数の異なるポリマー鎖が繋がったブロック共重合体を含む溶液を用いて基板上に薄膜を形成し、該薄膜を不揮発性溶媒によって膨潤させる、
不揮発なフォトニック材料の製法。 - 前記フォトニック材料は、可視光の波長領域の一部の光を反射する、
請求項9に記載の不揮発なフォトニック材料の製法。 - 前記不揮発性溶媒は、不揮発なプロトン性溶媒又はそれを含有する不揮発な溶媒である、
請求項9又は10に記載の不揮発なフォトニック材料の製法。 - 前記不揮発性溶媒は、プロトン性イオン液体又はそれを含有する不揮発な溶媒である、
請求項9~11のいずれか1項に記載の不揮発なフォトニック材料の製法。 - 前記不揮発なプロトン性溶媒は、含窒素ヘテロ環の窒素上にプロトンを持つ含窒素ヘテロ環の塩からなるイオン液体又は有機アミンの窒素上にプロトンを持つアンモニウム塩のイオン液体である、
請求項9~12のいずれか1項に記載の不揮発なフォトニック材料の製法。 - 前記含窒素ヘテロ環は、イミダゾール、トリアゾール又はピリジンである、
請求項13に記載の不揮発なフォトニック材料の製法。 - 前記複数の異なるポリマー鎖は、第1ポリマー鎖と第2ポリマー鎖であり、
前記第2ポリマー鎖の方が前記第1ポリマー鎖に比べて前記不揮発性溶媒によって大きく膨潤されている、
請求項9~14のいずれか1項に記載の不揮発なフォトニック材料の製法。 - 前記第1ポリマー鎖は、ポリスチレン鎖であり、
前記第2ポリマー鎖は、ポリビニルピリジン鎖又はポリメタクリル酸エステル類である、
請求項15に記載の不揮発なフォトニック材料の製法。
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JP2016044273A (ja) * | 2014-08-25 | 2016-04-04 | 国立大学法人 筑波大学 | 高分子球状アレイおよびその製造方法 |
JP2016117185A (ja) * | 2014-12-19 | 2016-06-30 | 凸版印刷株式会社 | 表示体、表示体付き物品および真贋判定方法 |
WO2016181834A1 (ja) * | 2015-05-11 | 2016-11-17 | 国立大学法人名古屋大学 | 非共有結合性ソフトエラストマー及びその製法 |
JP2018091636A (ja) * | 2016-11-30 | 2018-06-14 | 住友ゴム工業株式会社 | 散乱強度の評価方法 |
KR102158611B1 (ko) * | 2019-04-10 | 2020-09-23 | 광주과학기술원 | 기능성 기를 포함하는 브러쉬 블록 공중합체 및 이를 포함하는 광결정 구조체 |
CN113758565A (zh) * | 2020-06-03 | 2021-12-07 | 中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心 | 一种用于光谱传感系统中的连接部件及光谱仪 |
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WO2018085057A1 (en) * | 2016-11-02 | 2018-05-11 | Trustees Of Tufts College | Fabrication of filtration membranes |
EP3606426A1 (en) * | 2017-04-04 | 2020-02-12 | Roche Diabetes Care GmbH | Body-wearable medical device |
JP7333239B2 (ja) * | 2019-09-30 | 2023-08-24 | 日清紡ホールディングス株式会社 | 複合材料 |
CN111363189B (zh) * | 2020-03-06 | 2022-04-29 | 天津大学 | 一种乳液有序自组装制备光子晶体材料的方法 |
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Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2016044273A (ja) * | 2014-08-25 | 2016-04-04 | 国立大学法人 筑波大学 | 高分子球状アレイおよびその製造方法 |
JP2016117185A (ja) * | 2014-12-19 | 2016-06-30 | 凸版印刷株式会社 | 表示体、表示体付き物品および真贋判定方法 |
WO2016181834A1 (ja) * | 2015-05-11 | 2016-11-17 | 国立大学法人名古屋大学 | 非共有結合性ソフトエラストマー及びその製法 |
JPWO2016181834A1 (ja) * | 2015-05-11 | 2018-03-15 | 国立大学法人名古屋大学 | 非共有結合性ソフトエラストマー及びその製法 |
EP3296358A4 (en) * | 2015-05-11 | 2018-12-19 | National University Corporation Nagoya University | Non-covalent bonding soft elastomer and production process therefor |
US10829580B2 (en) | 2015-05-11 | 2020-11-10 | National University Corporation Tokai National Higher Education And Research System | Noncovalent soft elastomer and method for manufacturing the same |
JP2018091636A (ja) * | 2016-11-30 | 2018-06-14 | 住友ゴム工業株式会社 | 散乱強度の評価方法 |
JP7024181B2 (ja) | 2016-11-30 | 2022-02-24 | 住友ゴム工業株式会社 | 散乱強度の評価方法 |
KR102158611B1 (ko) * | 2019-04-10 | 2020-09-23 | 광주과학기술원 | 기능성 기를 포함하는 브러쉬 블록 공중합체 및 이를 포함하는 광결정 구조체 |
CN113758565A (zh) * | 2020-06-03 | 2021-12-07 | 中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心 | 一种用于光谱传感系统中的连接部件及光谱仪 |
CN113758565B (zh) * | 2020-06-03 | 2023-07-25 | 中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心 | 一种用于光谱传感系统中的连接部件及光谱仪 |
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JP6473880B2 (ja) | 2019-02-27 |
US20160187536A1 (en) | 2016-06-30 |
JPWO2014185426A1 (ja) | 2017-02-23 |
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