WO2008019582A1 - Catalyseur pd/c supporté et son procédé de préparation - Google Patents

Catalyseur pd/c supporté et son procédé de préparation Download PDF

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WO2008019582A1
WO2008019582A1 PCT/CN2007/002322 CN2007002322W WO2008019582A1 WO 2008019582 A1 WO2008019582 A1 WO 2008019582A1 CN 2007002322 W CN2007002322 W CN 2007002322W WO 2008019582 A1 WO2008019582 A1 WO 2008019582A1
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Prior art keywords
palladium
catalyst
supported
acid
weight
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Bin Qian
Yanqing Chang
Dawei Chen
Weimin Yang
Xiaoli Zhu
Hong Tang
Zhongbin Xiao
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China Petroleum and Chemical Corp
Sinopec Shanghai Research Institute of Petrochemical Technology
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China Petroleum and Chemical Corp
Sinopec Shanghai Research Institute of Petrochemical Technology
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Priority to KR1020097003452A priority Critical patent/KR101424042B1/ko
Priority to BRPI0714962A priority patent/BRPI0714962B1/pt
Publication of WO2008019582A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008019582A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/38Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
    • B01J23/40Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
    • B01J23/44Palladium
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J35/00Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J35/30Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
    • B01J35/391Physical properties of the active metal ingredient
    • B01J35/393Metal or metal oxide crystallite size
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J35/00Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J35/40Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by dimensions, e.g. grain size
    • B01J35/45Nanoparticles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J37/00Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/02Impregnation, coating or precipitation
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J37/00Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/02Impregnation, coating or precipitation
    • B01J37/0201Impregnation
    • B01J37/0203Impregnation the impregnation liquid containing organic compounds
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J37/00Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/02Impregnation, coating or precipitation
    • B01J37/0201Impregnation
    • B01J37/0207Pretreatment of the support
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82YSPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y30/00Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82YSPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y40/00Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C55/00Saturated compounds having more than one carboxyl group bound to acyclic carbon atoms
    • C07C55/22Tricarboxylic acids
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J21/00Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
    • B01J21/18Carbon
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2235/00Indexing scheme associated with group B01J35/00, related to the analysis techniques used to determine the catalysts form or properties
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2235/00Indexing scheme associated with group B01J35/00, related to the analysis techniques used to determine the catalysts form or properties
    • B01J2235/15X-ray diffraction
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J35/00Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J35/30Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
    • B01J35/391Physical properties of the active metal ingredient
    • B01J35/394Metal dispersion value, e.g. percentage or fraction
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J35/00Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J35/30Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
    • B01J35/396Distribution of the active metal ingredient
    • B01J35/397Egg shell like
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J37/00Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/08Heat treatment
    • B01J37/10Heat treatment in the presence of water, e.g. steam
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J37/00Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/16Reducing

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a metal palladium catalyst supported on activated carbon (hereinafter referred to as supported palladium/carbon catalyst) and a preparation method thereof, and particularly to a method for refining crude terephthalic acid by selective hydrogenation reaction Acid-supported palladium/carbon catalyst and preparation method thereof.
  • supported palladium/carbon catalyst a metal palladium catalyst supported on activated carbon
  • Supported palladium/carbon catalysts are widely used for the selective hydrogenation of unsaturated organics.
  • a negative-supporting palladium/carbon catalyst is suitable for the purification of crude terephthalic acid, in which some impurities in crude terephthalic acid such as p-carboxyphenyl hydrazine (cylinder called 4-CBA) are converted into hydrogenation by hydrogenation.
  • Other compounds, followed by terephthalic acid products, can be isolated and purified by crystallization. Since the palladium/carbon catalyst usually employs a single active component, the improvement in the prior art has mainly focused on the structure of the support and the distribution of the metal Pd on the support, and these aspects do have a great effect on the performance of the catalyst. Impact.
  • the hydrotreating reaction of terephthalic acid is a first-order reaction, the reaction rate is fast, and it is difficult for the reactants to penetrate into the inside of the catalyst particles to carry out the reaction, which makes the active components inside the particles ineffective. Therefore, in order to make full use of the noble metal, the palladium/carbon catalyst is usually made into an eggshell type, that is, the active component precious metal is mainly supported on the surface of the carrier.
  • a solution containing a Pd-containing compound such as sodium chloropalladate or palladium chloride
  • a very thin and shiny metal Pd layer will appear on the surface of the activated carbon, mainly because the surface of the activated carbon contains a ruthenium. Reducing groups and free electrons, which are highly susceptible to the reduction of Pd ions to zero-valent metal Pd. Therefore, the catalyst thus obtained has a very low metal Pd dispersion.
  • One method for overcoming this problem is to convert Pd ions in an immersion liquid containing a Pd compound into an insoluble compound before the impregnation process.
  • the water-soluble compound of Pd is hydrolyzed to insoluble Pd(OH) 2 or PdO H 2 0 at room temperature, and then loaded on activated carbon, followed by reduction with formaldehyde, sodium citrate, glucose, citric acid or hydrogen. The agent is reduced, which prevents migration of Pd and grain growth. Hydrogen peroxide is added to the impregnation solution to hydrolyze the water-soluble compound of Pd to form an insoluble compound, which is then impregnated, as taught in U.S. Patent No. 3,138,560.
  • 4,476,242 teaches the use of an organic solvent such as decyl alcohol or pyridine to prepare an impregnating solution containing a Pd compound, which is said to be very effective in preventing the migration of Pd.
  • an organic solvent such as decyl alcohol or pyridine
  • the conversion of the chloropalladium acid solution into a palladium-containing colloidal solution by adjusting the pH value is said to prevent the reducing group on the surface of the activated carbon from directly reducing the Pd ion to the zero-valent metal Pd.
  • CN1698952A discloses the addition of a nitrogen-containing polycarboxylic acid agent to an impregnation liquid for preparing a palladium/carbon catalyst. Summary of invention
  • the metal Pd in the catalyst has a higher dispersion, a higher crystallite content, and better thermal stability.
  • the catalyst can provide high conversion to p-carboxybenzaldehyde (4-CBA).
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a process for preparing the supported palladium on carbon catalyst. Detailed description of a preferred embodiment
  • the present invention provides a supported palladium/carbon catalyst in which palladium supported on a supported activated carbon exists in a nanometer-sized crystal form, and wherein the crystallite having a particle size of less than 2.5 nm accounts for the total amount of palladium crystallites. 80% by weight or more, preferably 85% by weight or more, more preferably 88% by weight or more, and most preferably 90% by weight or more.
  • the weight content of the metal Pd is preferably in the range of from 0.05 to 5%, more preferably in the range of from 0.2 to 3.5%, based on the total weight of the catalyst.
  • the supported palladium is concentrated in the surface layer of the supported activated carbon such that the palladium/carbon catalyst has a palladium content of 0.50 ⁇ 0.10% by weight based on the total weight of the catalyst, under the surface of the supported activated carbon.
  • the metal palladium in the layer having a depth of 5 nm accounts for 30% by weight or more, preferably 40% by weight or more, more preferably 50% by weight or more based on the total atomic weight in the layer; the metal palladium in the layer having a depth of 300 nm under the surface of the supported activated carbon
  • the total atomic weight in the layer is 5% by weight or more, preferably 10% by weight or more, more preferably 15% by weight or more, and most preferably 20% by weight or more.
  • the supported palladium is highly dispersed on the surface of the supported activated carbon, and its dispersion is not less than 5%, preferably not less than 10%, more preferably not less than 15%, and most preferably not less than 20 %.
  • the supported palladium has an average grain size of not more than 10 nm, preferably not more than 8.0 nm, more preferably not more than 7.0 nm, and most preferably not more than 6.0 nm.
  • the invention provides a method of preparing a supported palladium on carbon catalyst, the method comprising the steps of:
  • n, m and 1 are independently selected from 0 and an integer from 1 to 5, and R, R 2 and R 3 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, CH 3 , NH 2 , OH and COOH; pH adjustment of the palladium solution To 7 ⁇ 3; and
  • the catalyst precursor is reduced with a reducing agent to obtain a supported palladium/carbon catalyst.
  • the above method further comprises aging the catalyst precursor at a temperature of from 0 to 80 ° C for from 1 to 50 hours prior to subjecting the catalyst precursor to a reduction treatment.
  • activated carbon used in the present invention.
  • An example of activated carbon is coconut shell char having a surface area greater than 900 m 2 /g and a particle size of 4-8.
  • the concentration of the aqueous mineral acid solution used in the process of the present invention may be in the range of 0.01 to 5 mol/liter, preferably in the range of 0.01 to 3.0 mol/liter.
  • the inorganic acid include, but are not limited to, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, and phosphoric acid.
  • the pickling time is not critical, but is preferably in the range of 0.5 - 8, hours, more preferably in the range of 0.5 - 4 hours.
  • the activated carbon is washed with the aqueous solution of the inorganic acid, washed with water until neutral, and then dried. Drying can usually be done at 80 ⁇ 150. It is dried at a temperature of C for 0.5 to 10 hours, preferably 0.5 to 6 hours.
  • Pd compounds useful in the present invention include, but are not limited to, halides of Pd, Palladium acetate, palladium nitrate, chloropalladium acid, a basic salt of chloropalladium acid, a palladium ammonia complex, and combinations thereof.
  • the Pd compound is chloropalladic acid or ethyl palladium acid.
  • the pH of the solution containing the Pd compound and the additive is preferably in the range of 4 to 9.
  • the concentration of the Pd compound in the solution in terms of Pd is preferably in the range of 0.01 to 20% by weight, more preferably in the range of 0.1 to 10% by weight, most preferably in the range of 0.2 to 3.6 % by weight.
  • the amount of the additive in the Pd solution may vary depending on the Pd compound used and the additive used, but usually the molar ratio of the additive in the solution to the Pd in the Pd compound is in the range of 0.01:1 to 2:1, and the additive The molar ratio to Pd in the Pd compound is preferably in the range of 0.05:1 to 1.5:1, more preferably in the range of 0.1:1 to 1.0:1.
  • reducing agents for reducing the catalyst precursor include, but are not limited to, citric acid, sodium formate, formaldehyde, hydrazine hydrate, glucose, hydrogen, and combinations thereof.
  • the reducing agent is sodium formate or hydrazine hydrate.
  • the amount of the reducing agent depends on the amount of the active component Pd, and is generally 1 to 10 times, preferably 2 to 5 times, the amount required for the reduction reaction theory.
  • the reminder The reduction treatment of the precursor of the agent can be carried out according to procedures and conditions well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the restore process can be from 0 to 200. C, preferably at a temperature of 20 to 120 ° C for 0.5 to 24 hours, preferably 1 to 10 hours, more preferably 1 to 4 hours.
  • the method of preparing a supported palladium on carbon catalyst of the present invention comprises the steps of:
  • the acid concentration of the aqueous acid solution is 0.01 to 3.0 moles / liter, and the acid is one selected from the group consisting of hydrochloric acid, nitric acid and phosphoric acid;
  • n, m and 1 are independently 0 or any integer of 1 to 5; and, and are independently selected from the group consisting of OH, H, CH 3 , NH 2 and COOH;
  • the catalyst precursor from step 3) is from 0 to 80.
  • the aged catalyst precursor is subjected to a reduction treatment with a reducing agent to reduce Pd ions in the Pd compound to metal Pd to obtain a catalyst product.
  • the invention Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that the prepared catalyst has higher metal Pd dispersion and higher crystallite content, and the catalyst has high activity and length. The service life. detailed description
  • test methods are employed:
  • M Pd represents the atomic weight of palladium
  • W sample represents the weight of the sample
  • C Pd represents the content of palladium in the sample.
  • crystallite content means the content of crystal grains having a particle diameter of less than 2.5 nm.
  • the average particle diameter of the palladium crystal grains of the palladium/carbon catalyst was measured by an X-ray diffractometer (XRD).
  • the catalyst was then at 500. C, in the bubble through 25. Baking in a nitrogen stream of C water After burning for 10 hours, the average particle diameter of the palladium crystal grains was measured by an X-ray diffractometer (XRD).
  • XRD X-ray diffractometer
  • the catalyst surface was subjected to argon etching. After etching to a certain depth, the content of palladium in the exposed surface layer was measured by photoelectron spectroscopy XPS and Auger spectroscopy AES, and the palladium content in the layer at different depths under the catalyst surface was obtained.
  • coconut shell activated carbon passing through a 4-mesh sieve but remaining on an 8-mesh sieve at a surface of 1100 m 2 /g was washed with 200 ml of a 0.4 mol/liter aqueous solution of nitric acid for 2 hours. After removing the acid solution, the activated carbon was washed with deionized water until neutral, and then dried at 120 ° C for 6 hours.
  • the catalyst precursor was aged at room temperature for 24 hours and then at 20 in a reducing solution prepared from 20 g of a 5% by weight aqueous hydrazine solution and 200 pure water. Immerse for 3 hours under C. After removing the liquid by filtration, the solid was washed with neutral water to neutrality and dried to obtain a catalyst product.
  • Pd-containing solutions were prepared using different Pd compounds and different additives, the same as in Example 1.
  • the specific Pd compound, the content of the Pd compound in the Pd-containing solution (in terms of Pd), the specific additives, and the molar ratio of the additive to Pd are listed in Table 1.
  • Examples 25 to 30 According to the procedure of Example 1, but different additives were used to prepare the Pd-containing solution (see Table 1 for the specific additives used), and the Pd-containing solution was sprayed on the activated carbon to obtain a catalyst precursor, and the other uses as shown in Table 2.
  • the inorganic acid, the concentration of the inorganic acid, the pickling time, the drying time, the temperature, the pH of the solution containing the additive and the Pd compound, the reducing agent, the reduction treatment temperature, and the reduction treatment time were used to prepare the Pd-containing solution (see Table 1 for the specific additives used), and the Pd-containing solution was sprayed on the activated carbon to obtain a catalyst precursor, and the other uses as shown in Table 2.
  • the inorganic acid, the concentration of the inorganic acid, the pickling time, the drying time, the temperature, the pH of the solution containing the additive and the Pd compound, the reducing agent, the reduction treatment temperature, and the reduction treatment time were used to prepare the Pd-containing solution (see Table 1
  • the catalysts prepared in the respective examples and comparative examples were subjected to measurement of dispersity, crystallite content, thermal stability, and palladium content in layers at different depths of the catalyst surface, and the catalysts were evaluated under the following evaluation conditions. 3 and Table 4.
  • Catalyst dosage 2.0 g
  • Example 1 0.50 20 90 3.5 5.9 69 99.5
  • Example 2 0.50 23 91 3.6 6.0 67 99.7
  • Example 3 0.20 29 90 3.4 5.3 56 89.2
  • Example 4 0.08 21 92 2.7 5.3 96 ⁇
  • Example 5 0.50 20 90 3.5 5.9 69 99.4
  • Example 6 0.60 26
  • Example 7 0.50 28 93 3.8 5.8 53 99.5
  • Example 8 3.50 20 92 3.3 5.9 79 99.6
  • Example 9 0.50 20 91 2.9 5.7 97 99.6
  • Example 10 0.50 22 92 3.8 5.6 47 99.8
  • Example 11 0.49 25 90 3.6 5.8 61 99.7
  • Example 12 0.15 28 91 3.0 5.7 90 ⁇
  • Example 13 0.50 20 90 3.6 5.9 64 99.5
  • Example 14 0.40 21 92 3.3 5.6 70 99.5
  • Example 15 0.50 26 91 3.4 5.8 71 99.8
  • Example 16 0.49 25 90 3.2 5.9
  • Example 1 0.50 50.2 22.3 Example 2 0.50 51.2 23.7 Example 3 0.20 43.1 11.8 Example 4 0.08 30.1 5.9 Example 5 0.50 52.6 20.4 Example 6 0.60 57.8 28.0 Example 7 0.50 60.1 23.5 Example 8 3.50 63.4 29.3 Example 9 0.50 54.3 24.2 Example 10 0.50 51.4 23.6 Example 11 0.49 50.3 23.2 Example 12 0.15 40.6 11.3 Example 13 0.50 52.3 23.7 Example 14 0.40 50.4 20.5 Example 15 0.50 52.9 24.9 Example 16 0.49 50.4 23.1 Example 17 0.50 56.3 23.0 Example 18 0.98 70.1 30.3 Example 19 0.50 57.8 23.6 Example 20 0.50 53.5 23.8 Example 21 4.48 83.2 40.2 Example 22 0.50 56.1 21.2 Example 23 0.50 50.6 24.7 Example 24 0.50 53.4 25.3 Example 25 0.50 54.5 23.0 Example 26 0.50 55.6 27.4 Example 27 0.50 56.4 23.7 Example 28 0.49 53.3 23.9 Example 29 0.50 50.1 20.1 Example 30 0.50 55.0 54.3 24.2 Example 10 0.50

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Description

负载型钯 /碳催化剂及其制备方法 相关申请的交叉参考
本申请要求 2006年 8月 11 日提交的 CN200610029964.4的优 先权, 通过引用并且为了所有的目的将所述文件整体结合在本申请 中。 技术领域
本发明涉及一种负载在活性炭上的金属钯催化剂 (下文中称为 负载型钯 /碳催化剂)及其制备方法,特别是涉及一种用于通过选择 性加氢反应来精制粗对苯二曱酸的负栽型钯 /碳催化剂及其制备方 法。 背景技术
负载型钯 /碳催化剂广泛用于不饱和有机物的选择性加氢。特别 地, 负栽型钯 /碳催化剂适用于粗对苯二甲酸的精制,其中粗对苯二 甲酸中的某些杂质如对羧基苯曱醒 (筒称 4-CBA)等通过加氢转变为 其它的化合物, 随后对苯二甲酸产品可以用结晶的方法来分离提 纯。 由于钯 /碳催化剂通常采用单一的活性组分, 已有技术中对它的 改进研究主要集中在载体的结构以及金属 Pd 在载体上的分布状 况, 而这些方面确实对催化剂的性能会产生很大的影响。
由于对苯二甲酸加氢精制反应过程是一个一级反应,反应速度 快, 反应过程中反应物难以穿透到催化剂颗粒的内部进行反应, 这 就使得颗粒内部的活性组分不能发挥作用。 因此, 为了充分利用贵 金属,通常钯 /碳催化剂做成蛋壳型, 即让活性组分贵金属主要负载 于载体的表面。
由于加氢反应是在金属 Pd的表面进行的, 因此通常对于金属 Pd负载量相同的傳化剂,催化剂中金属 Pd的分散度愈高和 /或催化 剂中负载的金属 Pd的微晶含量愈高和 /或催化剂的热稳定性越好, 则催化剂的.活性秫愈高, 使用寿命也愈长。
如果直接将含 Pd化合物 (如氯钯酸钠或氯化钯)溶液负载到活 性炭上, 活性炭表面会很快出现很薄的有光泽的金属 Pd层, 这主 要是由于活性炭表面含有如搭基的还原基团和自由电子, 它们极易 使 Pd离子还原成零价的金属 Pd。 因此, 如此制得的催化剂具有很 低的金属 Pd分散度。 克服该问题的一种方法是在浸渍工序之前将 含有 Pd化合物的浸渍液中的 Pd离子转变成不溶性的化合物。例如, 在室温下将 Pd 的水溶性化合物水解转化成不溶性的 Pd(OH)2或 PdO H20, 然后再负载在活性炭上, 随后用甲醛、 曱酸钠、 葡萄糖、 曱酸或氢气等还原剂还原, 这样可防止 Pd的迁移及晶粒长大。 如 美国专利 US3,138,560教导了在浸渍液中加入双氧水来使 Pd的水 溶性化合物水解生成不溶性的化合物, 然后进行浸渍。 美国专利 US 4,476,242则提出用曱醇或吡啶等有机溶剂来配制含 Pd化合物 的浸渍液,据称这对防止 Pd的迁移^晶粒长大也非常有效。 另外, 有专利报道通过调整 pH值将氯钯酸溶液转变成含钯胶体溶液, 据 说可防止活性炭表面的还原基团直接将 Pd离子还原成零价的金属 Pd。
CN1698952A公开了在用于制备钯 /碳催化剂的浸渍液中添加 含氮多元羧酸^^剂。 发明概述
本发明的一个目的是提供了一种新的负载型钯 /碳催化剂。该催 化剂中的金属 Pd具有较高的分散度、 较高的微晶含量和较好的热 稳定性。 当用于粗对苯二曱酸的加氢精制时, 该催化剂可以提供高 的对羧基苯甲醛 (4-CBA)转化率。 本发明的另一个目的是提供一种制备所述负载型钯 /碳催化剂 的方法。 优选实施方案的详细描述
在第一方面,本发明提供了一种负载型钯 /碳催化剂,其中负载 于载体活性炭的钯以纳米尺寸的晶体形态存在, 并且其中颗粒大小 小于 2.5纳米的微晶占钯微晶总量的 80重量%以上, 优选 85重量 %以上, 更优选 88重量%以上, 最优选 90重量%以上。
在本发明的负载型钯 /碳催化剂中, 金属 Pd的重量含量优选在 0.05 ~ 5%的范围内, 更优选在 0.2 ~ 3.5%的范围内, 基于催化剂的 总重量计。
在一个优选的实施方案中, 负载的钯富集在载体活性炭的表面 层内, 以至于在钯 /碳催化剂的钯含量为催化剂总重量的 0.50±0.10 重量%的情况下, 在载体活性炭表面下 5纳米深度的层中的金属钯 占该层内总原子重量的 30重量%以上, 优选 40重量%以上, 更优 选 50重量%以上; 在载体活性炭表面下 300纳米深度的层中的金 属钯占该层内总原子重量的 5重量%以上, 优选 10重量%以上, 更优选 15重量%以上, 最优选 20重量%以上。
在本发明的负载型钯 /碳催化剂中,负载的钯在载体活性炭表面 呈高度分散状态, 其分散度不小于 5 % , 优选不小于 10 % , 更优选 不小于 15 % , 最优选不小于 20 %。 在 500。C下, 在鼓泡通过 25。C 的水的氮气流中焙烧催化剂 10 小时后, 负载的钯的平均晶粒大小 不大于 10nm, 优选不大于 8.0nm, 更优选不大于 7.0nm, 最优选不 大于 6.0纳米。
在第二方面, 本发明提供了一种制备负载型钯 /碳催化剂的方 法, 该方法包括以下步骤:
a) 首先将活性炭用无机酸水溶液洗涤, 然后用水洗涤至中性, 并干燥该洗涤过的活性炭, 得活性炭载体;
b) 用含有 Pd 化合物和添加剂的水溶液浸溃或喷洒所述活性 炭载体, 使 Pd化合物负载于活性炭载体上得到催化剂前体, 其中 所述水溶液中添加剂与 Pd 化合物中 Pd 的摩尔比为 0.01: 1 -
2.0: 1, 添加剂选自如下通式 I表示的化合物:
R, -(CH2)n-CHCOOH
R2— (CH2)m— CCOOH
I
R3-(CH2)i -CHCOOH
I
式中 n、 m和 1独立地选自 0和 1 ~ 5的整数, 并且 R,、 R2和 R3独立地选自 H、 CH3、 NH2、 OH和 COOH; 钯溶液的 pH值调 整到 7±3; 和
c) 将催化剂前体用还原剂进行还原处理, 得负载型钯 /碳催化 剂。
按照一个优选的实施方案, 上述方法还包括在对所述催化剂前 体进行还原处理以前, 将所述催化剂前体在 0 到 80°C温度老化 1 ~ 50小时。
对用于本发明的活性炭没有特别的限制。 活性炭的一个实例是 表面积大于 900m2/g, 粒度为 4 - 8目的椰壳炭。
用于本发明方法的无机酸水溶液的浓度可以在 0.01 ~ 5摩尔 / 升的范围内, 优选在 0.01 ~ 3.0摩尔 /升的范围内。 所述无机酸的实 例包括但不限于盐酸、 硝酸和磷酸。 酸洗时间不是关键的, 但是优 选在 0.5 - 8,小时的范围内, 更优选在 0.5 ~ 4小时的范围内。
活性炭用所迷无机酸水溶液洗涤后, 用水洗涤至中性, 然后被 干燥。 干燥通常可以通过在 80 ~ 150。C的温度下干燥 0.5 ~ 10小时, 优选 0.5 ~ 6小时来实现。
可用于本发明的 Pd化合物的实例包括但不限于 Pd的卤化物、 乙酸钯、 硝酸钯、 氯钯酸、 氯钯酸的碱式盐、 钯氨配合物及它们的 组合。 优选地, Pd化合物是氯钯酸或乙钯酸。 含 Pd化合物和添加 剂的溶液的 pH值优选在 4 ~ 9的范围内。 溶液中以 Pd计的 Pd化 合物浓度优选在 0.01 ~ 20重量%的范围内, 更优选在 0.1 ~ 10重量 %的范围内, 最优选在 0.2 ~ 3.6重量%的范围内。
Pd溶液中添加剂的用量可以根据所用的 Pd化合物以及所用的 添加剂而改变,但通常溶液中添加剂与 Pd化合物中 Pd的摩尔比在 0.01 : 1 ~ 2: 1 的范围内都是可行的, 并且添加剂与 Pd化合物中 Pd的摩尔比优选在 0.05: 1 ~ 1.5: 1的范围内, 更优选在 0.1: 1 ~ 1.0: 1的范围内。
可用于本发明的通式 I化合物的一些实例如下:
Ri -(CH2)n-CHCOOH
R2— (CH2)m— CCOOH
I
R3-(CH2)| -CHCOOH
Figure imgf000007_0001
用于还原所述催化剂前体的还原剂的实例包括但不限于: 曱 酸、 甲酸钠、 甲醛、 水合肼、 葡萄糖、 氢气和它们的组合。 优选地, 还原剂是甲酸钠或水合肼。还原剂的用量取决于活性组分 Pd的量, 一般为还原反应理论所需量的 1 ~ 10倍, 最好为 2 ~ 5倍。 所述催 化剂前体的还原处理可以按照本领域技术人员公知的程序和条件 进行。 例如, 还原处理可以在 0 ~ 200。C, 优选 20 ~ 120°C的温度下 进行 0.5 ~ 24小时, 优选 1 ~ 10小时, 更优选 1 ~ 4小时。
按照一个优选的实施方案,本发明的制备负载型钯 /碳催化剂的 方法包括以下步骤:
1) 用酸的水溶液洗涤颗粒状或成型的活性炭载体 0.5 ~ 8小时, 所述酸水溶液的酸浓度为 0.01 ~ 3.0摩尔 /升, 酸是选自盐酸、 硝酸 和磷酸中的一种;
2)将酸洗过的活性炭载体用水洗涤至中性, 然后在 80 ~ 150。C 条件下干燥 0.5 ~ 10小时, 给出处理过的活性炭载体;
3) 用含有水溶性 Pd化合物以及一种下式 I的添加剂的水溶液 浸渍或喷洒所述处理过的活性炭载体, 使 Pd化合物负载于所述处 理过的活性炭载体上, 得到催化剂前体, 所述水溶液中 Pd化合物 的含量以 Pd计为 0.1 ~ 10重量%, 所述添加剂与 Pd的摩尔比在
0.05: 1 ~ 1.5: 1的范围内, 所述水溶液的 pH值调整到 7±3,
R, -(CH2)n-CHCOOH
R2— (CH2)m— CCOOH
I
R3-(CH2)i -CHCOOH
I
其中 n、 m和 1独立地为 0或 1 ~ 5中的任一整数; 并且 、 和 独立地选自 OH、 H、 CH3、 NH2和 COOH;
4)将得自步骤 3)的催化剂前体在 0到 80。C温度老化 1 ~ 50小 时; 和
5)将老化后的催化剂前体用还原剂进行还原处理, 使 Pd化合 物中的 Pd离子还原为金属 Pd, 得到催化剂产品。
与现有技术相比, 本发明的优点在于制得的催化剂具有较高的 金属 Pd分散度和较高的微晶含量, 并且催化剂具有高的活性和长 的使用寿命。 具体实施方式
下面以实施例来说明本发明, 但并非限制发明范围。
在实施例中, 采用了如下测试方法:
( 1 )金属钯的分散度:
金属钯的分散度使用化学吸附仪, 采用氢氧滴定法测定。 分散 度按下面的公式计算: 分散度 = ((2xV ¾xMPd) / (3x22400xW #xCPd))xl00 % 其中: V吸 表示样品的氢吸附量,
MPd表示钯的原子量,
W样表示样品的重量, 和
CPd 表示样品中钯的含量。
( 2 )微晶含量:
在本发明中使用的术语"微晶含量"是指粒径小于 2.5纳米的晶 体的含量。
通过 X-荧光光语仪测定催化剂中钯的含量, 用 X-射线衍射仪 (XRD)测得金属钯晶粒的粒径, 然后通过下式计算微晶含量: 微晶含量 =
(粒径小于 2.5纳米的金属钯晶粒重量 /金属钯总重量) X 100 %
( 3 )热稳定性:
通过 X-射线衍射仪 (XRD)测定钯 /碳催化剂的钯晶粒的平均粒 径。 然后将该催化剂在 500。C, 在鼓泡通过 25。C水的氮气流中焙 烧 10小时后,再通过 X-射线衍射仪 (XRD)测定钯晶粒的平均粒径。 焙烧后钯晶粒的平均粒径和焙烧前后钯晶粒的平均粒径的变化指 示了催化剂的热稳定性。 焙烧后钯晶粒的平均粒径越小, 说明催化 剂的热稳定性越好。同时,焙烧前后钯晶粒的平均粒径的变化越小, 说明催化剂的热稳定性越好。
( 4 )催化剂表面下不同深度的层中钯的含量:
对催化剂表面进行氩刻蚀。 刻蚀一定深度后, 用光电子能谱 XPS和俄歇光谱 AES测定刻蚀后暴露出的表面层中钯的含量, 即 可得催化剂表面下不同深度的层中钯的含量。
【实施例 1】
将 100克通过 4 目筛但保留在 8 目筛上的、 比表面 1100米 2/ 克的椰壳活性炭用 200ml 0.4摩尔 /升的硝酸水溶液洗涤 2小时。 除 去酸溶液后, 将所述活性炭用去离子水洗至中性, 然后于 120'C下 千燥 6小时。
取含钯 16重量%的氯钯酸水溶液 3.2克, 加去离子水至 40毫 升, 再在其中加入 2.16克 10重量%的添加剂 A水溶液, 并加入去 离子水至溶液体积为 60毫升。加入 3 % NaOH水溶液, 以将含钯溶 液的 pH值调整到约 7。 所述含 Pd溶液稳定 180分钟后, 将上述经 处理的活性炭用该含 Pd溶液浸渍 3小时, 得到催化剂前体。 将催 化剂前体在室温老化 24小时, 然后在由 20克 5重量%的水合肼水 溶液和 200 纯水配制成的还原液中在 20。C下浸渍 3小时。过滤除 去液体后,用纯水将固体物洗涤至中性,并干燥,得到催化剂产品。
【实施例 2 ~ 24】
选用不同的 Pd化合物以及不同的添加剂来配制含 Pd溶液,其 余同实施例 1。具体的 Pd化合物、含 Pd溶液中 Pd化合物的含量 (以 Pd计)、 具体的添加剂以及添加剂与 Pd的摩尔比见表 1所列。
【实施例 25 ~ 30】 按照实施例 1的程序, 但是选用不同的添加剂来配制含 Pd溶 液(具体使用的添加剂见表 1 ) , 并且将含 Pd溶液喷洒在活性炭 上以得到催化剂前体, 另外釆用如表 2中所示的无机酸、 无机酸浓 度、 酸洗时间、 干燥时间、 温度、 含添加剂和 Pd化合物的溶液的 pH值、 还原剂、 还原处理温度和还原处理时间。
【比较例】
配制含 Pd溶液时不加添加剂, 其余同实施例 1。
对各实施例和比较例制得的催化剂进行分散度、 微晶含量、 热 稳定性和催化剂表面下不同深度的层中钯含量的测定, 并在如下评 价条件下评价所述催化剂, 结果见表 3和表 4。
催化剂的评价条件:
催化剂的用量: 2.0克
粗对苯二曱酸量: 30.0克
4-CBA量: 1.0克
反应压力: 70 Kg
氢气分压: 5.0 Kg
反应时间: 1.0小时
反应温度: 270 °C 加入 4-CBA量 - 剩余 4-CBA量
4-CBA转化率 χΐοο%
加入 4-CBA:
表 1
实施例 Pd化合物 添加剂 Pd的投料量 /活性炭 添加剂 /Pd (摩尔比)
(重量%)
实施例 1 氯钯酸 添加剂 A 0.51 0.20 实施例 2 氯钯酸 添加剂 A 0.51 0.30 实施例 3 氯钯酸 添加剂 A 0.22 0.60 实施例 4 乙酸钯 添加剂 A 0.08 1.50 实施例 5 氯钯酸 添加剂 B 0.51 0.20 实施例 6 氯钯酸 添加剂 B 0.62 0.40 实施例 7 氯钯酸 添加剂 B 0.51 0.60 实施例 8 乙酸钯 添加剂 B 3.55 0.80 实施例 9 氯钯酸 添加剂 C 0.51 0.20 实施例 10 氯钯酸 添加剂 C 0.51 0.40 实施例 11 氯钯酸 添加剂 C 0.51 0.60 实施例 12 乙酸钯 添加剂 C 0.15 1.00 实施例 13 氯钯酸 添加剂 D 0.51 0.20 实施例 14 氯钯酸 添加剂 D 0.41 0.40 实施例 15 氯钯酸 添加剂 D 0.51 0.60 实施例 16 乙酸钯 添加剂 D 0.51 0.80 实施例 17 氯钯酸 添加剂 E 0.51 0.20 实施例 18 氯钯酸 添加剂 E 1.00 0.40 实施例 19 氯钯酸 添加剂 E 0.51 0.60 实施例 20 乙酸钯 添加剂 E 0.51 0.80 实施例 21 氯钯酸 添加剂 F 4.50 0.05 实施例 22 氯钯酸 添加剂 F 0.51 0.40 实施例 23 氯钯酸 添加剂 F 0.51 0.60 实施例 24 乙酸钯 添加剂 F 0.51 0.80 实施例 25 氯钯酸 添加剂 A 0.51 0.20 实施例 26 氯钯酸 添加剂 B 0.51 0.40 实施例 27 氯钯酸 添加剂 C 0.51 0.60 实施例 28 氯钯酸 添加剂 D 0.51 0.80 实施例 29 氯钯酸 添加剂 E 0.51 0.50 实施例 30 氯钯酸 添加剂 F 0.51 0.50 比较例 氯钯酸 1 0.51 1
Figure imgf000013_0001
表 3
实施例 催化刑中 Pd 分散 微晶含量 平均晶粒 500。C焙烧 焙烧前后粒 4-CBA
含量 (重量%) 度 (%) 大小 (nm) 后 径变化 转化率
(%) 平均晶粒大 % (%)
小 (nm)
实施例 1 0.50 20 90 3.5 5.9 69 99.5 实施例 2 0.50 23 91 3.6 6.0 67 99.7 实施例 3 0.20 29 90 3.4 5.3 56 89.2 实施例 4 0.08 21 92 2.7 5.3 96 ― 实施例 5 0.50 20 90 3.5 5.9 69 99.4 实施例 6 0.60 26 90 3.6 6.0 67 99.8 实施例 7 0.50 28 93 3.8 5.8 53 99.5 实施例 8 3.50 20 92 3.3 5.9 79 99.6 实施例 9 0.50 20 91 2.9 5.7 97 99.6 实施例 10 0.50 22 92 3.8 5.6 47 99.8 实施例 11 0.49 25 90 3.6 5.8 61 99.7 实施例 12 0.15 28 91 3.0 5.7 90 ― 实施例 13 0.50 20 90 3.6 5.9 64 99.5 实施例 14 0.40 21 92 3.3 5.6 70 99.5 实施例 15 0.50 26 91 3.4 5.8 71 99.8 实施例 16 0.49 25 90 3.2 5.9 84 99.9 实施例 17 0.50 30 94 3.6 6.0 67 99.7 实施例 18 0.98 27 90 3.7 5.9 59 100 实施例 19 0.50 27 91 3.4 5.8 71 99.7 实施例 20 0.50 28 91 3.5 5.7 63 99.8 实施例 21 4.48 27 90 3.7 6.0 62 100 实施例 22 0.50 28 92 3.6 5.9 64 99.7 实施例 23 0.50 30 90 3.8 5.9 55 99.9 实施例 24 0.50 28 91 3.3 5.9 79 99.7 实施例 25 0.50 20 91 3.3 6.0 82 99.6 实施例 26 0.50 20 90 3.5 5.9 69 99.7 实施例 27 0.50 22 90 3.4 6.0 76 99.8 实施例 28 0.49 26 91 3.7 5.9 59 99.9 实施例 29 0.50 27 90 3.8 6.0 58 99.8 实施例 30 0.50 28 92 3.0 5.7 90 99.6 比较例 0.50 4 52 4.6 11.1 141 66.2 表 4
实施例 催化剂中 Pd 催化剂表面下 5nm深 催化剂表面下 300nm深 含量 (重量%) 度的层中的钯含量 度的层中的钯含量
(重量% ) (重量% ) 实施例 1 0.50 50.2 22.3 实施例 2 0.50 51.2 23.7 实施例 3 0.20 43.1 11.8 实施例 4 0.08 30.1 5.9 实施例 5 0.50 52.6 20.4 实施例 6 0.60 57.8 28.0 实施例 7 0.50 60.1 23.5 实施例 8 3.50 63.4 29.3 实施例 9 0.50 54.3 24.2 实施例 10 0.50 51.4 23.6 实施例 11 0.49 50.3 23.2 实施例 12 0.15 40.6 11.3 实施例 13 0.50 52.3 23.7 实施例 14 0.40 50.4 20.5 实施例 15 0.50 52.9 24.9 实施例 16 0.49 50.4 23.1 实施例 17 0.50 56.3 23.0 实施例 18 0.98 70.1 30.3 实施例 19 0.50 57.8 23.6 实施例 20 0.50 53.5 23.8 实施例 21 4.48 83.2 40.2 实施例 22 0.50 56.1 21.2 实施例 23 0.50 50.6 24.7 实施例 24 0.50 53.4 25.3 实施例 25 0.50 54.5 23.0 实施例 26 0.50 55.6 27.4 实施例 27 0.50 56.4 23.7 实施例 28 0.49 53.3 23.9 实施例 29 0.50 50.1 20.1 实施例 30 0.50 56.5 24.7
比较例 0.50 30.6 12.5 本申请说明书中提到的专利、专利申请、 非专利文献和测试 方法通过引用结合在本文。
虽然参考示例性实施方案描述了本发明,但本领域技术人员 将理解,在不偏离本发明的精神和范围的情况下, 可以做出各种 改变和修改。 因此,本发明不限于作为实施本发明的最佳方式公 开的特定实施方案,而是包括落入所附权利要求书范围内的所有 实施方案。

Claims

1. 一种负栽型钯 /碳催化剂, 其中负载于载体活性炭的钯以微晶 形态存在,并且其中小于 2.5纳米的微晶占钯微晶总量的 80重量% 以上。
2. 权利要求 1所述的负载型钯 /碳催化剂, 其中负载的钯富集在 载体活性炭的表面层内,以至于在钯 /碳催化剂的钯含量为催化剂总 重量的 0.50±0.10重量%的情况下, 在载体活性炭表面下 5纳米深 度的层中的金属钯占该层内总原子重量的 30重量%以上; 在载体 活性炭表面下 300纳米深度的层中的金属钯占该层内总原子重量的 5重量%以上。
3. 权利要求 2所述的负载型钯 /碳催化剂,其中在钯 /碳催化剂的 钯含量为催化剂总重量的 0.50±0.10重量%的情况下, 在载体活性 炭表面下 5纳米深度的层中的金属钯占该层内总原子重量的 40重 量%以上; 在载体活性炭表面下 300纳米深度的层中的金属钯占该 层内总原子重量的 10重量%以上。
4. 权利要求 1 - 3 中任一项所述的负载型钯 /碳催化剂, 其中负 载的钯在载体活性炭表面呈高度分散状态, 其分散度不小于 5 %。
5. 权利要求 4所述的负载型钯 /碳催化剂, 其中负载的钯的分散 度不小于 10 %。
6. 权利要求 1 - 5 中任一项所述的负载型钯 /碳催化剂, 其中将 所述催化剂在 500eC、 在鼓泡通过 25Ό水的氮气流中焙烧 10小时 后, 负载的钯的平均晶粒大小不大于 6.0纳米。
7. 权利要求 1 - 6 中任一项所述的负载型钯 /碳催化剂, 其中所 述催化剂含有 0.05 ~ 5重量%的金属 Pd, 基于催化剂的总重量计。
8. 权利要求 7所述的负载型钯 /碳催化剂, 其中所述催化剂含有 0.2 ~ 3.5重量%的金属?(1, 基于催化剂的总重量计。
9. 制备权利要求 1所述的负载型钯 /碳催化剂的方法, 包括以下 步骤:
a) 首先将活性炭用无机酸水溶液洗涤, 然后用水洗涤至中性, 并干燥该洗涤过的活性炭, 得活性炭载体;
b) 用含有 Pd 化合物和添加剂的水溶液浸渍或喷洒所述活性 炭载体, 使 Pd化合物负载于活性炭载体上得到催化剂前体, 其中 所述水溶液中添加剂与 Pd 化合物中 Pd 的摩尔比为 0.01: 1 -
2.0: 1 , 添加剂选自如下通式 I表示的化合物:
R, -(CH2)n-CHCOOH
R2— (CH2)m— CCOOH
I
R3-(CH2)i -CHCOOH
I
式中 n、 m和 1独立地选自 0和 1 ~ 5的整数, 并且 R,、 R2和 R3独立地选自 H、 CH3、 NH2、 OH和 COOH; 钯溶液的 pH值调 整到 7±3; 和
c) 将催化剂前体用还原剂进行还原处理, 得负载型钯 /碳催化 剂。
10. 权利要求 9的方法,其中所述无机酸是选自盐酸、硝酸和磷 酸中的至少一种; 酸洗时间为 0.5 ~ 8小时; 无机酸溶液的酸浓度为 0.01 - 5.0摩尔 /升; 干燥在 80 ~ 150。C的温度下进行 0.5 ~ 10小时。
11. 权利要求 9或 10的方法,其中 Pd化合物选自 Pd的卤化物、 乙酸钯、 硝酸钯、 氯钯酸、 氯钯酸的碱式盐、 钯氨配合物及它们的 组合; 所述含 Pd溶液中 Pd的重量百分比浓度为 0.01 ~ 20%; 溶液 中添加剂与 Pd化合物中 Pd的摩尔比为 0.01: 1 ~ 2.0: 1。
12. 权利要求 11的方法, 其中 Pd化合物是氯钯酸或乙酸钯; 含 Pd化合物和添加剂的溶液的 pH值为 4 - 9;溶液中 Pd的重量百 分比浓度为 0.1 ~ 10%; 和溶液中添加剂与 Pd化合物中 Pd的摩尔 比为 0.05: 1 ~ 1.5: 1。
13. 权利要求 9 - 12中任一项的方法,其还包括将催化剂前体在 还原处理前先在 0到 80。C温度老化 1 ~ 50小时。
14. 权利要求 9 - 13中任一项的方法, 其中还原剂选自曱酸、 甲 酸钠、 甲醛、 水合肼、 葡萄糖、 氢气和它们的组合; 并且还原处理 在 0 ~ 200。C的温度下进行 0.5 ~ 24小时。
15. 权利要求 14的方法, 其中催化剂前体在还原处理前先在 0 到 80°C温度老化 1 ~ 24小时; 还原剂是甲酸钠或水合肼; 并且还 原处理在 20 ~ 120 °C的温度下进行 1 ~ 10小时。
16. 一种制备权利要求 1 所述的负载型钯 /碳催化剂的方法, 包 括以下步骤:
1) 用酸的水溶液洗涤颗粒状或成型的活性炭载体 0.5 ~ 8小时, 所述酸水溶液的酸浓度为 0.01 ~ 3.0摩尔 /升, 酸是选自盐酸、 硝酸 和磷酸中的一种;
2)将酸洗过的活性炭载体用水洗涤至中性, 然后在 80 ~ 150。C 条件下干燥 0.5 ~ 10小时, 给出处理过的活性炭载体;
3) 用含有水溶性 Pd化合物以及一种下式 I的添加剂的水溶液 浸渍或喷洒所述处理过的活性炭载体, 使 Pd化合物负载于所述处 理过的活性炭栽体上, 得到催化剂前体, 所述水溶液中 Pd化合物 的含量以 Pd计为 0.1 ~ 10重量%, 所述添加剂与 Pd的摩尔比在
0.05: 1 - 1.5: 1的范围内, 所述水溶液的 pH值调整到 7±3,
R,-(CH2)n-CHCOOH
R2-(CH2)m-CCOOH
R3-(CH2)| -CHCOOH
I
其中 n、 m和 1独立地为 0或 1 ~ 5中的任一整数; 并且 R,、 112和1^独立地选自 OH、 H、 CH3、 NH2和 COOH; 4)将得自步骤 3)的催化剂前体在 0到 80。C温度老化 1 ~ 50小 时; 和
5)将老化后的催化剂前体用还原剂进行还原处理, 使 Pd化合 物中的 Pd离子还原为金属 Pd, 得到催化剂产品。
PCT/CN2007/002322 2006-08-11 2007-08-02 Catalyseur pd/c supporté et son procédé de préparation Ceased WO2008019582A1 (fr)

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