WO2005103833A1 - トナーの製造方法 - Google Patents
トナーの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005103833A1 WO2005103833A1 PCT/JP2005/007546 JP2005007546W WO2005103833A1 WO 2005103833 A1 WO2005103833 A1 WO 2005103833A1 JP 2005007546 W JP2005007546 W JP 2005007546W WO 2005103833 A1 WO2005103833 A1 WO 2005103833A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- resin
- melt
- toner
- heat treatment
- polyester
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/0821—Developers with toner particles characterised by physical parameters
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/0802—Preparation methods
- G03G9/081—Preparation methods by mixing the toner components in a liquefied state; melt kneading; reactive mixing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
- G03G9/08742—Binders for toner particles comprising macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- G03G9/08755—Polyesters
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a toner used for developing a latent image formed in, for example, an electrophotographic method, an electrostatic recording method, an electrostatic printing method and the like, and a toner obtained by the method.
- Patent Document 1 JP 2001-222138 A
- Patent Document 2 JP-A-64-35456
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 1-163757
- the present invention is a toner manufacturing method including a melt-kneading step, a heat treatment step, a pulverization step and a classification step of a raw material containing two or more types of polyester, wherein the two or more types of polyesters are at least A method for producing a toner comprising one amorphous polyester, wherein the heat treatment step is performed at a temperature t (° C) and a time h (hour) satisfying the following formulas (a) and (b): And a toner obtained by the method.
- Tg is the glass transition temperature (° C) of the melt-kneaded product before the heat treatment step
- Tm is 2 or more types.
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a toner having excellent low-temperature fixability and having good pulverization properties and storage properties, and a toner obtained by the method.
- the coconut oil basically has a crystalline part and an amorphous part, and among them, the one with high crystallinity is referred to as crystalline rosin.
- the glass transition temperature of rosin is a property attributed to an amorphous part
- crystalline rosin having a crystallinity of 100% does not have a glass transition temperature attributable to an amorphous part. As the crystallinity decreases, the glass transition temperature appears.
- the glass transition temperature increases as the overall crystallinity of the resin increases and decreases as the crystallinity of the resin decreases.
- the compatibility between the resins greatly affects the glass transition temperature. The higher the compatibility, the more the glass transition of the entire resin due to the plasticity effect. The temperature will be lower and in some cases will tend to be lower than the glass transition temperature of the individual oil.
- the combined resin is the same type of resin, such as amorphous polyester and crystalline polyester, the tendency is remarkable, and the grindability and storage stability are greatly reduced.
- the present inventors can restore the glass transition temperature lowered by the mixing of the resin when the toner is produced using the polyester effective for the low temperature fixing property as the binder resin.
- the individual resins are stabilized and the plasticity effect is reduced. It has been found that the above characteristics can be fully exhibited.
- the present invention at least two or more kinds of polyesters are used as a binder resin for the raw material to be melt kneaded, and the strong polyester contains at least one kind of amorphous polyester. .
- amorphous polyester means that the ratio of the soft soft point to the maximum endothermic peak temperature (soft soft point Z peak temperature) is larger than 1.3.
- soft soft point Z peak temperature preferably 1.5 to 3
- crystalline polyester means the ratio of the soft peak point to the endothermic maximum peak temperature (soft soft point Z peak temperature) force s 0.6.
- the ratio between the soft spot and the endothermic maximum peak temperature is adjusted by the type and ratio of raw material monomers, molecular weight, production conditions (for example, cooling rate), and the like.
- the amorphous polyester is obtained by using an alcohol component and a carboxylic acid component as raw material monomers and subjecting them to condensation polymerization.
- the alcohol component includes polyoxypropylene (2.2) -2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenol) propane, polyoxyethylene (2.2) -2,2-bis (4-hydroxy) (Fuel) Formulas such as propane (I): [0018] [Chemical 1]
- R is an alkylene group having 2 or 3 carbon atoms
- X and y are positive numbers
- the sum of x and y is 1 to 16, preferably 1.5 to 5.0
- An aromatic diol such as an alkylene oxide adduct of bisphenol A represented by: an aliphatic diol such as an ethylene glycol or propylene glycol; a trivalent or higher alcohol such as glycerin or pentaerythritol.
- the content of the alkylene oxide adduct of bisphenol A represented by the formula (I) is preferably 50 mol% or more, more preferably 80 mol% or more in the alcohol component.
- the carboxylic acid component includes aromatic dicarboxylic acids such as phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid; oxalic acid, malonic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, citraconic acid, itaconic acid, glutaconic acid, succinic acid, Aliphatic dicarboxylic acids such as adipic acid, sebacic acid, azelaic acid, n-dodecyl succinic acid, n-dodecyl-succinic acid; cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid; trimellitic acid (1,2,4- Benzenetricarboxylic acid), trivalent or higher polyvalent carboxylic acids such as pyromellitic acid; and anhydrides of these acids, alkyl (C1-3 carbon) esters, and the like.
- the carboxylic compound refers to dicarboxylic acid, its anhydride, and its alkyl (C1-3) ester.
- the alcohol component and the carboxylic acid component may appropriately contain a monovalent alcohol and a monovalent carboxylic acid compound from the viewpoint of adjusting the molecular weight.
- the polycondensation of the alcohol component and the carboxylic acid component can be performed, for example, in an inert gas atmosphere at a temperature of 180 to 250 ° C using an esterification catalyst if necessary.
- the glass transition temperature of the amorphous polyester is 40-80 in terms of grindability and storage stability. ° C is preferred 50 to 70 ° C is more preferred.
- the softening point of amorphous polyester is preferably 70 to 170 ° C, more preferably 80 to 160 ° C, more preferably 100 to 150 ° C, and the acid value is preferably 1 to 50 mgKOHZg. 10-30 mgKOH / g is more preferred!
- the amorphous polyester is preferably composed of two types of amorphous polyesters having a softening point of 10 ° C or higher, more preferably 20 to 60 ° C. It is preferable to become.
- the soft soft point of the low soft point polyester is preferably 80 to 120 ° C, more preferably 85 to 110 ° C.
- the soft soft point of the high soft point polyester is From the viewpoint of offset resistance, the temperature is preferably 120 ° C to 160 ° C, more preferably 130 ° C to 155 ° C.
- the weight ratio of the high soft point polyester to the low soft point polyester is preferably 20Z80 to 80Z20.
- the polyester used in the present invention preferably contains at least one crystalline polyester in addition to the amorphous polyester.
- the glass transition temperature of the amorphous polyester is recovered even when combined with a crystalline polyester, which is extremely effective in improving the low temperature fixing property but is difficult to achieve both pulverization and storage stability. Can be made.
- a crystalline polyester is also obtained by condensation polymerization of an alcohol component and a carboxylic acid component in the same manner as an amorphous polyester.
- the alcohol component includes a resin such as an aliphatic diol having 2 to 8 carbon atoms. It preferably contains a monomer that promotes crystallinity.
- Examples of the aliphatic diol having 2 to 8 carbon atoms include ethylene glycol, 1,2 propylene glycol, 1,3 propylene glycol, 1,4 butanediol, 1,5 pentanediol, 1,6 hexanediol, 1,7 heptanediol, 1,8 octanediol, neopentyl glycol, 1,4-butenediol, etc.
- the carboxylic acid component of the crystalline polyester preferably contains an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid compound!
- the content of the aliphatic dicarboxylic acid compound in the carboxylic acid component preferably 70 mol% or more tool 80 to: LOO mol% and more favorable Mashiku, 90 to: L 00 Monore 0/0 force more preferred.
- the molar ratio of the carboxylic acid component to the alcohol component in the crystalline polyester is higher than the carboxylic acid component in terms of the high molecular weight of the crystalline polyester. From the viewpoint of easily adjusting the molecular weight of the polyester by distilling off the alcohol component during a reduced pressure reaction, 0.9 or more and less than 1 are preferred, and 0.95 or more and less than 1 are more preferred. .
- the temperature at which the alcohol component and the carboxylic acid component are polycondensed is preferably 120 to 230 ° C.
- Polycondensation of alcohol and carboxylic acid components can be carried out in the same way as with amorphous polyesters, but in order to increase the strength of the resin, all monomers can be added at once or low molecular weight components can be reduced. It is also possible to use a method in which a trivalent monomer is reacted first and then a trivalent or higher monomer is added and reacted. Further, the reaction may be accelerated by reducing the pressure of the reaction system in the latter half of the polymerization.
- the molar ratio of the carboxylic acid component and the alcohol component is adjusted as described above, the reaction temperature is increased, the amount of catalyst is increased, and the pressure is reduced.
- the reaction conditions such as a dehydration reaction for a long time may be selected. It is possible to produce high-molecular weight, high-viscosity crystalline polyesters under a high power requirement for stirring, but when the production equipment is not particularly selected, the raw material monomer is reduced to be non-reactive.
- a method of reacting with a viscosity resin is also an effective means.
- the soft soft spot of the crystalline polyester is preferably 70 to 140 ° C, more preferably 105 to 130 ° C force S.
- the weight ratio of the amorphous polyester to the crystalline polyester is 95Z5 to 50/50, from the viewpoint of low-temperature fixability, grindability, and storage stability. / 20 ⁇ 60/40 Force girlish! / ⁇ .
- a binder resin other than polyester such as bur resin, epoxy resin, polycarbonate, and polyurethane, may be used as the binder resin, but the total content of the polyester may be used. Is preferably 80% by weight or more, more preferably 90% by weight or more, based on the total amount of binder resin.
- the raw material of the toner of the present invention includes a colorant, a release agent, a charge control agent, a magnetic powder, a conductivity modifier, an extender, a reinforcing filler such as a fibrous substance, an antioxidant, and an aging agent.
- Additives such as an inhibitor, a fluidity improver, and a cleaning property improver may be appropriately contained.
- colorant all of dyes and pigments used as toner colorants can be used. Carbon black, phthalocyanine blue, permanent brown FG, brilliant first scarlet, pigment green B, Rhodamine I B Base, Solvent Red 49, Solvent Red 146, Solvent Blue 35, Quinacridone, Carmine 6B, Disazo Yellow, etc., and these can be used alone or in combination of two or more. May be any of black toner, color toner, and full color toner.
- the content of the colorant is preferably 1 to 40 parts by weight and more preferably 3 to 10 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the binder resin.
- Examples of the mold release agent include low molecular weight polypropylene, low molecular weight polyethylene, low molecular weight polypropylene polyethylene copolymer, aliphatic hydrocarbon waxes such as microcrystalline wax, paraffin wax, and Fitzia Tropsch wax, and acid acids thereof.
- examples include waxes, carnauba wax, montan wax, sazol wax, and ester waxes such as deoxidized wax, fatty acid amides, fatty acids, higher alcohols, fatty acid metal salts, and the like. From the viewpoints of moldability and stability, aliphatic hydrocarbon waxes are preferred.
- the melting point of the release agent is preferably 60 to 150 ° C from the viewpoint of offset resistance and durability.
- the content of the release agent is preferably 0.5 to 10 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the binder resin.
- Examples of the charge control agent include a niggacin dye, a triphenyl methane dye containing a tertiary amine as a side chain, a quaternary ammonium salt compound, a polyamine resin, and an imidazole derivative.
- Examples include positively chargeable charge control agents and metal chargeable azo dyes, copper phthalocyanine dyes, metal complexes of salicylic acid alkyl derivatives, and benzylic acid boron complexes.
- the content of the charge control agent is preferably 0.1 to 5 parts by weight, more preferably 0.5 to 2 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the binder resin.
- the raw material containing polyester or the like is preferably mixed using a Henschel mixer or the like and then subjected to a melt-kneading step.
- the melt kneading of the raw material can be performed using, for example, a known kneader such as a closed kneader, a single or twin screw extruder, and an open roll kneader.
- a known kneader such as a closed kneader, a single or twin screw extruder, and an open roll kneader.
- the temperature is not particularly limited as long as each raw material can be sufficiently mixed, but is preferably (Ta 30) ° C or more (Ta +40) ° C or less, more preferably (Ta-10) ° C or more (Ta + 30) ° C or less.
- Ta is a weight average softening point (determined) obtained by load averaging the softening points of two or more binder resins.
- the obtained melt-kneaded product is cooled until it reaches a pulverizable hardness and is subjected to a pulverization step.
- the heat treatment process is performed after the melt-kneading step and before the pulverization step.
- the heat treatment step is performed at a temperature t (° C.) satisfying the following formulas (a) and (b) from the viewpoint of maintaining the dispersion of the toner additive and rearranging the resin molecules. ) And time h (hour).
- Tg is the glass transition temperature (° C) of the melt-kneaded product before the heat treatment step
- Tm is 2 or more types.
- Equation (a) is
- h (hour) is preferably 1000 or less, more preferably 700 or less, and further preferably 300 or less, from the viewpoint of maintaining dispersion of the toner additive.
- the present invention by performing the heat treatment step at the above temperature for the above time, the rearrangement of the resin in the melt-kneaded material is promoted, and the storage stability is improved by recovering the glass transition temperature once lowered. It is estimated to be. Furthermore, the plastic part, that is, the part having a low glass transition temperature, absorbs an impact during grinding and causes a decrease in grinding efficiency immediately. However, in the present invention, the plasticity is reduced in the heat treatment process before the grinding process. Therefore, pulverization can be improved.
- An oven or the like can be used for the heat treatment step.
- the heat treatment step can be performed by maintaining the melt-kneaded product at a constant temperature in the oven.
- the mode of performing the heat treatment step is not particularly limited.
- Aspect 1 An aspect in which, after the melt-kneading step, the obtained melt-kneaded product is cooled, the melt-kneaded product is kept under the heat treatment conditions, then cooled until reaching a pulverizable hardness, and used for the grinding step.
- Aspect 2 After the melt-kneading step, the obtained melt-kneaded product is once cooled to a pulverizable hardness, then the cooled melt-kneaded product is subjected to the heat treatment step, and then the melt-kneaded product is cooled again, and the pulverizing step Aspect for use
- the heat treatment step may be carried out in any embodiment, but embodiment 2 is preferable from the viewpoint of the dispersibility of the additive in the toner.
- the glass transition temperature of the heat-treated product after the heat treatment step is preferably from 50 to 75 ° C from the viewpoints of storage stability, pulverization properties, and low-temperature fixability. ° C is more preferred. Further, the glass transition temperature of the heat-treated product after the heat treatment step is preferably 5 ° C. or more higher than the glass transition temperature of the melt-kneaded product before the heat treatment step from the viewpoint of toner storage stability. More preferably, the temperature is higher by 20 ° C or more.
- the heat-treated product after the heat treatment step is cooled to a pulverizable hardness and then subjected to a pulverization step and a classification step.
- the crushing process may be performed in multiple stages! For example, heat treatment after the heat treatment step After the product is roughly pulverized to about 1 to 5 mm, it may be further pulverized to a desired particle size.
- the pulverizer used in the pulverization step is not particularly limited.
- a pulverizer suitably used for coarse pulverization an atomizer, a rotplexer, etc.
- examples thereof include a jet mill, a collision plate mill, and a rotary mechanical mill.
- Examples of the classifier used in the classification process include an air classifier, an inertia classifier, and a sieve classifier.
- the pulverized product that has been removed due to insufficient pulverization may be subjected to the pulverization step again.
- inorganic fine particles such as hydrophobic silica or resin fine particles may be externally added to the obtained toner surface.
- the weight average particle size (D) of the toner is 3.
- 5 ⁇ m is preferable 4 to 8 ⁇ m is more preferable.
- the toner obtained by the method of the present invention can be used for both a one-component developing toner and a two-component developing toner used by mixing with a carrier, but one more required for heat resistance. More suitably used as component developing toner.
- the sample was heated to 200 ° C using a differential scanning calorimeter (Seiko Denshi Kogyo Co., Ltd., DSC210) and cooled to 0 ° C at a temperature drop rate of 10 ° CZ. Measure the temperature at the intersection of the maximum endothermic peak temperature and the extension of the baseline below the maximum peak temperature, and the tangent line that indicates the maximum slope to the peak peak.
- a sample containing amorphous coagulant as a main component is used.
- the latter temperature is called the glass transition temperature
- the former temperature when the release agent is used as a sample is called the melting point.
- the amount in parentheses used is the molar ratio.
- the raw material monomers shown in Table 2 were placed in a 5-liter four-necked flask equipped with a nitrogen introduction tube, dehydration tube, stirrer, and thermocouple, and reacted at 200 ° C until no terephthalic acid particles were observed. Thereafter, the mixture was further reacted at 8.3 kPa for 3 hours to obtain rosin b.
- the amount in parentheses used is the molar ratio.
- melt kneading using a co-rotating twin screw extruder Ikegai Iron Works Co., Ltd., PCM-30-30
- the heating temperature in the barrel was 100 ° C
- the screw rotation speed was 150 revolutions Z minutes
- the feed rate of the mixture was 10 kg
- the average residence time was about 18 seconds.
- the obtained melt-kneaded product was rolled with a cooling roll, cooled to 20 ° C or lower, and then placed in the oven. Then, heat treatment was performed at the temperature and time shown in Table 3.
- the heat-treated product after the heat treatment is mechanically pulverized and classified to have a weight average particle diameter (D) of 7.5.
- a toner was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 6 parts by weight of “Super Magenta R” (Dainippon Ink Co., Ltd., Pigment “Red 122) was used instead of carbon black.
- the toner was mounted on a copying machine “AR-505” (manufactured by Sharp Corporation), and an unfixed image (2 cm ⁇ 12 cm) having a toner adhesion amount of 0.5 mg Zcm 2 was obtained.
- the fixing machine of the copier “AR-505” (manufactured by Sharp Corporation) was modified so that it can be fixed off-line.
- the fixing test was conducted while gradually increasing from 5 ° C to 240 ° C.
- “C opyBond SF-70NA” (manufactured by Sharp Corporation, 75 g / m 2 ) was used as the fixing paper.
- the minimum fixing temperature is less than 140 ° C.
- the minimum fixing temperature is 140 ° C or higher and lower than 160 ° C.
- the minimum fixing temperature is 160 ° C or higher.
- the grinding efficiency is 3 kgZhr or more.
- the grinding efficiency is 2kgZhr or more and less than 3kgZhr.
- the grinding efficiency is 1kgZhr or more and less than 2kgZhr.
- the grinding efficiency is 1 kgZhr or less.
- Mold release agent 0 temperature t time h 100 Tg 2 -Tg, grindability Preservability Amorphous fluorester E crystalline sterol (in) (in) Fixing
- Example 1 Resin A (50) Resin B (20) Resin a (30) NP-105 (2) 31. 3 50 12 5 58. 1 + 26.8 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇
- Example 2 Resin A (50) Resin B (20) Resin a (30) NP-105 (2) 29. 0 50 12 5 56. 6 + 27.6 6
- Example 3 Resin A (50) Resin B (20) Resin a (30) NP- 105 (2) 31. 3 50 6 5 51. 3 + 20. 0 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇
- Example 4 Resin A (50) Resin B (20) Resin a (30) NP-105 (2) 31. 3 75 5 2. 2 57.
- Example 5 Resin A (50) Resin B (20) Resin a (30) NP-105 (2) 31. 3 40 24 10 57. 7 + 26.4 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ Example 6 Resin A (50) Resin B (20) Resin a (30) NP-105 (2) 31. 3 50 240 5 60. 1 + 28.8 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ Example 7 Resin A (50 ) Resin B (20) Resin b (30) NP-105 (2) 27. 5 50 12 5 57. 5 + 30. 0 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ Example 8 Resin A (50) Resin C (50) -— NP- 105 (2) 55. 2 60 12 3. 3 59. 8 + 4.
- NP-105 Made by Mitsui Chemicals, Polypropylene wax, Melting point: UO:
- Karuna ⁇ '(Karuna ⁇ ' wax C1) manufactured by Kato Hiroyuki, melting point: 80
- the toner of the example manufactured through a predetermined heat treatment process is excellent in all of fixing property, pulverizing property, and storability.
- the amorphous polyester is used in combination with the crystalline polyester from the toners of Examples 1 to 7, the difference in the glass transition temperature before and after the heat treatment step is greatly increased. it is obvious.
- Comparative Examples 1 and 2 the crystalline polyester is used in combination, so that the fixability is good, but the grindability and storage stability are insufficient.
- Example 8 and Comparative Example 3 and Example 9 and Comparative Example 4 even if a resin having a very low soft melting point or a wax having a low melting point is used, a predetermined value is used. It can be seen that pulverization and storage can be improved by heat treatment.
- the toner obtained by the present invention is suitably used for developing a latent image formed by, for example, electrophotography, electrostatic recording method, electrostatic printing method and the like.
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Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE112005000908.4T DE112005000908B4 (de) | 2004-04-20 | 2005-04-20 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Toner und dadurch hergestellter Toner |
US11/578,292 US7820354B2 (en) | 2004-04-20 | 2005-04-20 | Method for producing toner |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2004124431A JP4270557B2 (ja) | 2004-04-20 | 2004-04-20 | トナーの製造方法 |
JP2004-124431 | 2004-04-20 |
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WO2005103833A1 true WO2005103833A1 (ja) | 2005-11-03 |
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PCT/JP2005/007546 WO2005103833A1 (ja) | 2004-04-20 | 2005-04-20 | トナーの製造方法 |
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US (1) | US7820354B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4270557B2 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE112005000908B4 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2005103833A1 (ja) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US7820354B2 (en) | 2010-10-26 |
DE112005000908T5 (de) | 2007-03-15 |
JP4270557B2 (ja) | 2009-06-03 |
US20070207401A1 (en) | 2007-09-06 |
DE112005000908B4 (de) | 2019-11-28 |
JP2005308995A (ja) | 2005-11-04 |
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