WO2004079806A1 - 気化装置及びそれを用いた成膜装置並びに気化方法及び成膜方法 - Google Patents
気化装置及びそれを用いた成膜装置並びに気化方法及び成膜方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004079806A1 WO2004079806A1 PCT/JP2004/002969 JP2004002969W WO2004079806A1 WO 2004079806 A1 WO2004079806 A1 WO 2004079806A1 JP 2004002969 W JP2004002969 W JP 2004002969W WO 2004079806 A1 WO2004079806 A1 WO 2004079806A1
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- raw material
- vaporizer
- gas passage
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/448—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for generating reactive gas streams, e.g. by evaporation or sublimation of precursor materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02107—Forming insulating materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02225—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer
- H01L21/0226—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer formation by a deposition process
- H01L21/02263—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer formation by a deposition process deposition from the gas or vapour phase
- H01L21/02271—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer formation by a deposition process deposition from the gas or vapour phase deposition by decomposition or reaction of gaseous or vapour phase compounds, i.e. chemical vapour deposition
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a vaporizing apparatus, a film forming apparatus using the same, a vaporizing method and a film forming method.
- the present invention relates to a vaporizer and a vaporization method suitably used for a film forming apparatus such as, for example, MOVCV, and a film forming apparatus and other various apparatuses.
- the cell structure up to 1 M was a planar structure, but from 4 M a three-dimensional structure called a stack structure or trench structure has been adopted to increase the capacitor area.
- the dielectric film a film formed by laminating a thermal oxide film and a CVD nitride film on the poly Si from the thermal oxide film of the substrate Si (this laminated film is generally referred to as an ON film) is employed.
- an ON film a three-dimensional type using the side surface and a fin type using the back surface of the plate were adopted as the stack type.
- the Bi-based layered structure which has a crystal structure very similar to a superconducting material, has a high dielectric constant, has self-polarization of ferroelectric properties, and is excellent as a nonvolatile memory. It has received a lot of attention.
- M_ ⁇ C VD is done in (metal organic chemical vapor deposition) method with a practical and promising.
- Strong material of the dielectric thin film is, for example, three kinds of organic metal complex S r (DPM) 2, B i (C 6 H 5) 3 and T a (OC 2 H 5) 5, and respectively THF (Tetorahi Dorofura ) Is dissolved in hexane and other solvents and used as a raw material solution.
- S r (T a (OE t) 6) 2 and B i (O t Am) 3 are also dissolved in hexane and other solvents and used as a raw material solution.
- DPM is an abbreviation for dibivaloymethane. Table 1 shows the properties of each material.
- the reaction unit to perform the S r B i 2 T a O 9 thin film material is a gas phase reaction and surface reaction of the deposition, a S r B i 2 T a 0 9 thin film raw material and oxidizing agent It is composed of a supply unit that supplies the reaction unit.
- the supply unit is provided with a vaporizer for vaporizing the thin film raw material.
- FIG. 16 Conventionally, as the technology relating to the vaporizer, various methods shown in FIG. 16 are known. Those shown in the first FIG. 6 (a) is what is called a set of metal filter, thereby increasing the contact area between the gas and S r B i 2 T a O 9 ferroelectric thin film material solution existing around Eye In this method, a raw material solution heated to a predetermined temperature is introduced into a metal filter used for gasification to vaporize the raw material.
- FIG. 16 (b) shows a technique in which a pressure of 30 kgf / cm 2 is applied to the raw material solution to release the raw material solution from the 10 ⁇ pores, and the raw material solution is vaporized by expansion.
- the raw material solution a mixed solution of a plurality of organic metal complexes, e.g., S r (DPM) 2 / THF and B i (C 6 H 5) 3 / THF and T a (OC 2 H 5) 5 ZTHF mixing
- a mixed solution of a plurality of organic metal complexes e.g., S r (DPM) 2 / THF and B i (C 6 H 5) 3 / THF and T a (OC 2 H 5) 5 ZTHF mixing
- a gas passage formed inside, a gas inlet for introducing a pressurized carrier gas into the gas passage, and a gas inlet for supplying a raw material solution to the gas passage.
- a dispersing section having a radiant heat prevention jet that is cooled so that thermal energy is not applied to the raw material gas in the dispersing section by radiant heat from the vaporizing section;
- Heating means for heating the vaporization tube and A vaporizer for heating and vaporizing a carrier gas containing a feed solution; and a MOCVD vaporizer having a function for preventing heat energy from being applied to the raw material gas in the dispersion part due to radiant heat from the vaporizer.
- This technology is a MOC V.D vaporizer that has extremely little clogging compared to the conventional one, can be used for a long time, and can supply a stable raw material to the reaction section.
- a preheated oxygen inlet is provided downstream of the vaporization section.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a vaporizer that can be used for a long time without causing clogging and that can supply a stable raw material to a reaction section.
- the present invention provides a vaporizer, a film forming apparatus, various other apparatuses, and a vaporization method that can extremely reduce the carbon content in a film even in an azdeposited state and that can accurately control the composition ratio of the film.
- the purpose is to provide.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a vaporizer and a vaporization method capable of obtaining a vaporized gas in which a raw material solution is uniformly dispersed.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a vaporization device and a vaporization method capable of grasping the progress of clogging of the device.
- the present invention involves removing the clogging before disassembling the device before complete clogging occurs.
- DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a vaporization apparatus and a vaporization method that can be performed without any problem.
- a vaporizer according to the present invention is a vaporizer that introduces a carrier gas from one end of a gas passage, sends a carrier gas containing a raw material solution to the vaporizer from the other end of the gas passage, and vaporizes the carrier gas.
- MFC mass flow rate
- pressure detecting means means for detecting pressure in the gas passage
- dissolved chemical liquid supply means Means for introducing a chemical solution capable of dissolving matter deposited or adhered in the gas passage (hereinafter referred to as “deposits etc.”) into the gas passage (hereinafter referred to as “dissolved chemical liquid supply means”). ) A chemical solution is provided.
- the chemical solution is a solvent for the raw material solution.
- the gas passage is characterized in that the other end is narrower than other portions.
- the diameter of the other end is 2 mm or less.
- the vaporization method of the present invention is a vaporization method in which a carrier gas is introduced from one end of a gas passage, and a carrier gas containing a raw material solution is sent to a vaporization unit from the other end of the gas passage and vaporized, and a flow control device is provided at one end of the gas passage. (MFC) and vaporizing while detecting the pressure in the gas passage.
- a chemical solution capable of dissolving deposits or the like when the pressure becomes equal to or higher than a predetermined value is introduced into the gas passage.
- the chemical solution is a solvent for the raw material solution.
- the gas passage is characterized in that the other end is narrower than other portions.
- the diameter of the other end is 2 mm or less.
- the pressure is displayed.
- a film forming apparatus includes any one of the vaporizing apparatuses described above.
- the film forming apparatus is a M O C V D apparatus.
- the film forming method of the present invention is characterized in that a film is formed by vaporizing by any of the vaporizing methods described above.
- the film forming method is a MOCVD method.
- Another film forming apparatus of the present invention is a film forming apparatus for forming a film on the surface of a band-shaped substrate while continuously feeding the band-shaped substrate. It is characterized by providing a plurality.
- the film forming method of the present invention is a film forming method using the film forming apparatus, wherein in one of the plurality of vaporizers, a dissolved chemical solution supply unit is turned on, and in another vaporizer, It is characterized in that a film is continuously formed by continuously performing vaporization.
- Patent No. 6 872 2 discloses a vaporizer having a structure shown in FIG.
- the present invention is also applicable to a vaporizer having a structure shown in FIG. Also,
- a dispersion unit having:
- a vaporizing unit for heating and vaporizing the carrier gas containing the atomized raw material solution sent from the dispersion unit;
- a carburetor characterized in that a radiation preventing portion having pores is provided outside the gas outlet. 1 gas passages formed inside,
- a gas inlet for introducing a pressurized carrier gas into the gas passage;
- a dispersion unit having:
- a vaporizing section for heating and vaporizing the carrier gas containing the raw material solution sent from the dispersion section;
- the dispersion section has a dispersion section main body having a cylindrical or conical hollow section, and a mouth having an outer diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the cylindrical or conical hollow section,
- the rod has one or more spiral grooves on the vaporizer side of the outer periphery thereof, and is inserted into the cylindrical or conical hollow portion,
- a vaporizer characterized by having a cooled radiation prevention portion having a pore on the gas outlet side and having a tapered inner diameter toward the vaporizer outside the gas outlet.
- a dispersion unit having:
- a vaporizing section for heating and vaporizing the carrier gas containing the raw material solution sent from the dispersion section;
- Has A method in which a small amount of oxidizing gas is added as a carrier gas from the gas inlet to Ar or N2, a helium, or the like, or an oxidizing gas or a mixed gas thereof is introduced from the primary oxygen supply port immediately adjacent to the ejection part. It is characterized by being able to do.
- the vaporizer of the present invention has the following features: (1) a gas passage formed inside;
- a dispersion unit having:
- a vaporizing section for heating and vaporizing the carrier gas containing the raw material solution sent from the dispersion section;
- a carburetor wherein a carrier gas and an oxidizing gas can be introduced from the gas inlet.
- the raw material solution is introduced into the gas passage, and the raw material solution is sheared and atomized into a raw material gas by spraying a high-speed carrier gas toward the introduced raw material solution.
- a plurality of solution passages for supplying a raw material solution A plurality of solution passages for supplying a raw material solution
- a mixing unit for mixing the plurality of raw material solutions supplied from the plurality of solution passages, a supply passage having one end communicating with the mixing unit and having an outlet on the vaporization unit side,
- a gas passage arranged in the supply passage so as to blow a carrier gas or a mixed gas of a carrier gas and oxygen onto the mixed raw material solution discharged from the mixing section; and a cooling device for cooling the supply passage.
- a plurality of solution passages for supplying a raw material solution A plurality of solution passages for supplying a raw material solution
- a mixing unit for mixing the plurality of raw material solutions supplied from the plurality of solution passages, a supply passage having one end communicating with the mixing unit and having an outlet on the vaporization unit side,
- a gas passage arranged in the supply passage so as to blow a carrier gas or a mixed gas of a carrier gas and oxygen onto the mixed raw material solution discharged from the mixing section; and a cooling device for cooling the supply passage.
- a vaporization tube having one end connected to the reaction section of a film forming or other various apparatus and the other end connected to the outlet of the disperser;
- a vaporizing section for heating and vaporizing the carrier gas containing the raw material solution sent from the dispersion section;
- a disperser characterized in that a radiation preventing portion having pores is provided outside the outlet.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a main part of a vaporizer for MOCVD according to a first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is an overall sectional view of the MOCVD vaporizer according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a system diagram of MO C VD.
- FIG. 4 is a front view of the reserve tank.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a main part of a vaporizer for MOCVD according to a second embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a sectional view showing a main part of a vaporizer for MOCVD according to a third embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a modification of the gas passage of the vaporizer for MOCVD in both (a) and (b) according to the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 8 is a sectional view showing a vaporizer for MOCVD according to a fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 9 shows a rod used in the vaporizer for MOCVD according to Example 5, (a) is a side view, (b) is a cross-sectional view along X_X, and (c) is a cross-sectional view along YY.
- FIG. 10 is a side view showing a modified example of FIG. 9 (a).
- FIG. 11 is a graph showing experimental results in Example 6.
- FIG. 12 is a side sectional view showing Example 8.
- FIG. 13 is a conceptual diagram showing the gas supply system of the eighth embodiment.
- FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view showing the ninth embodiment.
- FIG. 15 is a sectional view showing the latest conventional technology.
- FIGS. 16 (a) and (b) are cross-sectional views showing a conventional MOCVD vaporizer.
- FIG. 17 is a graph showing the crystallization characteristics of the SBT thin film.
- FIG. 18 is a graph showing the polarization characteristics of the crystallized SBT thin film.
- FIG. 19 is a detailed view of the vaporizer.
- FIG. 20 is an overall view of the vaporizer.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram showing an example of an SBT thin film CVD apparatus using a vaporizer.
- FIG. 22 is a sectional view showing an example of a film forming apparatus.
- FIG. 23 is a diagram showing the configuration of the heat medium circulation used in FIG.
- FIG. 24 is a sectional view showing a vaporizer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 25 is a graph showing a pressure change of a gas passage in the vaporizer shown in FIG.
- FIG. 26 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of a vaporizer to which the present invention can be applied.
- FIG. 27 is a conceptual diagram showing a film forming apparatus according to Example 11.
- Oxygen introduction means Primary oxygen (oxidizing gas) supply port,
- Oxygen introduction means secondary oxygen (oxidizing gas), carrier supply port,
- FIG. 24 shows an embodiment of the present invention.
- the carburetor shown in Fig. 24 is the carburetor shown in Fig. 19 with MFC and pressure gauge (pressure gauge). .
- the vaporizer 7400 of this example introduces a carrier gas 7402a '7402b from one end of the gas passage 740 3a, 740 3b, and the other end (exit) of the gas passage 740 3a, 740 3b.
- This is a vaporizer that sends the carrier gas containing the raw material solution from the 7404 to the vaporizer 7405 and vaporizes it.
- Flow control devices (MFC) 7405a and 7405b are provided at one end of the gas passages 7403a and 7403b.
- pressure gauges 740 1a and 740 1b are provided as means for detecting the pressure in the gas passages 740 3a and 740 3b.
- the present inventor has carefully observed the situation in which clogging occurs, and found that the occurrence of clogging causes pressure fluctuation in the gas passage. Therefore, the pressure in the gas passage is controlled by the MFC, and by detecting the pressure in the gas passage, it is possible to know when the deposits and the like need to be cleaned.
- a means is provided to introduce the chemical solution 74 11 capable of dissolving deposits and the like in the gas passages 740 3a and 740 3b into the gas passages 740 3a and 740 3b. With this arrangement, it is possible to remove deposits and the like without disassembling the apparatus.
- the present inventor has found that it is possible to remove deposits and the like extremely easily and in a short time by introducing the chemical solution 7411. Further, even during the cleaning with the chemical solution 7411, the end point of the cleaning can be known by detecting the pressure in the gas passages 7403A and 7403b with the pressure gauges 7401a and 7401b.
- the chemical solution 74 11 may use the solvent of the raw material solution 74 12.
- the other end (outlet) 7404 of the gas passages 7403a and 7403b is preferably thinner than other portions. In particular, it is preferably set to 2 mm or less. By making it thinner, it becomes possible to sensitively sense the pressure fluctuation in the gas passages 7403a and 7403b with respect to the deposition or adhesion of deposits.
- the signals obtained by the pressure detecting means 7401a and 7401b are displayed on an external monitor, it is possible to easily know when cleaning is necessary.
- a raw material solution valve 7407 for turning on / off the supply of the raw material solution and a chemical solution valve 7406 for turning on / off the supply of the chemical solution. It is preferable to perform the above control. That is, when the pressure in the gas passages 7403a and 7403b increases and reaches a certain value, the material solution valve 7407 is closed and the chemical solution valve 7406 is automatically controlled to be opened. When the pressure in the gas passages 7403a and 7403 decreases during cleaning and reaches a certain value, the material solution valve 7407 is opened and the chemical solution valve 7406 is automatically controlled so as to be closed.
- Carrier gas was introduced into the MFC 7405 a and 7405 b at a pressure of 300 kPa, and the pressure in the gas passages 7403 a and 7403 b was set to 100 kPa.
- Bi (MMP) 3 was supplied at 0.2 cm, and PZT was supplied at 0.2 I cm.
- Gas passage 740 1a, 740 1b The measured data was displayed on a monitor as digital data.
- the initial pressure is 100 kPa.
- Other vaporization conditions and film formation conditions are shown in the table of FIG. After about 35 minutes, Bi (MMP) 3 reached 22.5 kPa and PZT reached 1550 kPa. At that time, the raw material solution was stopped and the supply of the chemical solution was started.
- the pressure in the gas passages 7403 a and 7403 b returned to 100 kPa in a very short time after the start of the supply of the chemical solution.
- the carrier gas is introduced from two places, but the same applies to the case where the carrier gas is introduced from one place. The same applies to three or more locations.
- FIG. 1 shows an M ⁇ C VD vaporizer according to the first embodiment.
- a dispersing unit 8 having means (cooling water) 18 for cooling the carrier gas flowing in the gas passage 2,
- a vaporization tube 20 having one end connected to the reaction tube of the MOCVD apparatus and the other end connected to the gas outlet ⁇ of the dispersion unit 8;
- an anti-radiation portion 102 having a fine hole 101 is provided.
- the inside of the dispersion portion main body 1 is a cylindrical hollow portion.
- a rod 10 is fitted into the hollow portion, and a gas passage 2 is formed by the inner wall of the dispersion portion main body and the rod 10.
- the hollow portion is not limited to the cylindrical shape, and may have another shape.
- a conical shape is preferable.
- the angle of the nest of the conical hollow portion is preferably 0 to 45 °, more preferably 8 to 20 °. The same applies to other embodiments.
- the cross-sectional area of the gas passage is 0. 1 0 to 0. 5 mm 2 is preferred. If it is less than 0.10 mm 2 , processing is difficult. If it exceeds 0.5 mm 2 , it becomes necessary to use a high-pressure carrier gas at a large flow rate in order to speed up the carrier gas.
- a large vacuum pump with a large capacity is required to maintain the reaction chamber at a reduced pressure (eg, 1.0 Torr). Since it is difficult to use a vacuum pump whose exhaust capacity exceeds 10,000 liters / min. (At, 1. OT orr), an appropriate flow rate, that is, a gas passage area, is required for industrial practical use. 0. 1 0 ⁇ 0. 5 mm 2 is preferred.
- a gas inlet 4 is provided at one end of the gas passage 2.
- the gas inlet 4 is connected to a carrier gas (for example, N 2 , Ar, He) source (not shown).
- a carrier gas for example, N 2 , Ar, He
- a raw material supply hole 6 is provided so as to communicate with the gas passage 2.
- the raw material solution 5 is introduced into the gas passage 2, and the raw material solution 5 passes through the gas passage 2.
- the raw material solution 5 can be dispersed in the carrier gas to be used as a raw material gas.
- a gas outlet 7 communicating with the vaporizing pipe 20 of the vaporizing section 22 is provided.
- a space 11 for flowing cooling water 18 is formed in the dispersing part body 1, and the carrier gas flowing in the gas passage 2 is cooled by flowing the cooling water 8 into this space.
- a Peltier element may be provided and cooled. Since the inside of the gas passage 2 of the dispersing section 8 is thermally affected by the heater 21 of the vaporizing section 22, the solvent of the raw material solution and the organometallic complex are not simultaneously vaporized in the gas passage 2, and only the solvent is vaporized. Will occur. Therefore, the carrier gas in which the raw material solution flowing through the gas passage 2 is dispersed is cooled to prevent only the solvent from being vaporized.
- raw material supply Cooling downstream of the hole 6 is important, and at least cooling of the downstream side of the raw material supply hole 6 is performed.
- the cooling temperature is a temperature below the boiling point of the solvent.
- the temperature is 67 ° C. or less in THF.
- the temperature at the gas outlet 7 is important.
- a radiation prevention unit 102 having pores 101 is further provided outside the gas outlet 7.
- 103 and 104 are seal members such as O-rings.
- the radiation preventing section 102 may be made of, for example, Teflon, stainless steel, ceramic, or the like. Further, it is preferable to use a material having excellent heat conductivity.
- the heat in the vaporization section overheats the gas in the gas passage 2 via the gas outlet 7 as radiant heat. Therefore, even if the gas is cooled by the cooling water 18, the low melting point component in the gas is deposited near the gas outlet 7.
- the radiation prevention unit is a member for preventing such radiation heat from being transmitted to the gas. Therefore, the cross-sectional area of the pore 101 is preferably smaller than the cross-sectional area of the gas passage 2. It is preferably at most 2, more preferably at most 3. Further, it is preferable to make the pores fine. In particular, it is preferable to reduce the flow velocity of the jetted gas to a subsonic speed.
- the length of the pore is preferably at least 5 times, more preferably at least 10 times the dimension of the pore.
- the vaporizing section 22 includes a vaporizing tube 20 and a heating means (heater) 21.
- the heater 21 is a heater for heating and vaporizing a carrier gas in which the raw material solution flowing in the vaporization tube 20 is dispersed. Conventionally, the heater 21 is constructed by attaching a cylindrical heater or a mantle heater to the outer periphery of the vaporization tube 20.
- the force S, and heating to a uniform temperature in the length direction of the vaporization tube High heat capacity
- the method using a liquid or gas as the heat medium was the best, so it was adopted.
- the vaporization tube 20 for example, stainless steel such as SUS316L is preferably used.
- the downstream end of the vaporization tube 20 is connected to the reaction tube of the MOC VD apparatus.
- the vaporization tube 20 is provided with an oxygen supply port 25 as an oxygen supply means, and oxygen heated to a predetermined temperature is supplied to the carrier gas. So that it can be mixed.
- the raw material supply ports 6 have reserve tanks 32 a, 32 b, 32 c, and 32 d force, respectively.
- Mass flow controllers 30 a, 30 b, 30 c, 30 d It is connected via an extension valve 31a, 31b, 31c, 31d.
- Each of the reserve tanks 32a, 32b, 32c, and 32d is connected to a carrier gas cylinder 33.
- Fig. 4 shows the details of the reserve tank.
- each reservoir one Batanku (inner volume 3 0 0 cc, SUS steel, for example, 1. 0 ⁇ 3. 0 kgf / cm 2 of the carrier gas (e.g., inert gas A r, He, ⁇ e) Since the reservoir tank is pressurized by the carrier gas, the raw material solution is pushed up in the pipe in contact with the solution and the liquid mass flow controller (STEC, full It is pumped to a scale flow rate of 0.2 cc / min), where the flow rate is controlled and transported to the raw material supply hole 6 from the raw material supply inlet 29 of the vaporizer.
- the carrier gas e.g., inert gas A r, He, ⁇ e
- the raw material solution has a liquid or solid organic metal complex dissolved in THF or other solvent at room temperature at room temperature.
- the metal complex precipitates and eventually becomes solid. Therefore, it is assumed that the inside of the pipe that has come into contact with the undiluted solution may cause blockage of the pipe. Therefore, in order to suppress the clogging of the piping, it is necessary to clean the inside of the piping and the evaporator after completion of the film forming operation with THF or another solvent, and a cleaning line is provided. Washing is a section from the container outlet side to the vaporizer, including the replacement of raw material containers, and the part that is suitable for each operation is washed away with a solvent.
- the vanoleb 3 lb, 31 c, 31 d was opened, and the carrier gas was pumped into the reserve tanks 32 b, 32 c, 32 d.
- the raw material solution is pumped to a mass flow controller (STEC full-scale flow rate 0.2 cc / min), where the flow rate is controlled and the raw material solution is transported to the raw material supply hole 6 of the vaporizer.
- carrier gas was introduced from the gas inlet of the vaporizer.
- the maximum pressure on the supply port side is preferably 3 kgf / cm 2 or less, and the maximum flow rate that can be passed at this time is about 1,200 cc / min, and the flow velocity through the gas passage 2 is several hundred m / s To reach.
- the raw material solution is introduced into the carrier gas flowing through the gas passage 2 of the vaporizer from the raw material supply hole 6, the raw material solution is sheared by the high-speed flow of the carrier gas, and is turned into ultrafine particles. As a result, the raw material solution is dispersed in the carrier gas in the form of ultrafine particles.
- the carrier gas (raw material gas) in which the raw material solution is dispersed in the form of ultrafine particles is atomized and released to the vaporizing section 22 at a high speed.
- the angle formed by the gas passage and the raw material supply hole is optimized.
- the carrier flow path and the raw material solution inlet are at an acute angle (30 degrees)
- the solution is drawn by the gas.
- Above 90 degrees the solution is pushed by the gas.
- the optimum angle is determined from the viscosity and flow rate of the solution. If the viscosity or flow rate is large, a sharper angle will allow the solution to flow more smoothly.
- the viscosity and the flow rate are small, so that about 84 degrees is preferable.
- the three kinds of raw material solutions controlled at a constant flow rate flow into the gas passage 2 from the raw material supply holes 6 through the respective raw material supply inlets 29, and move in the gas passage together with the carrier gas that has become a high-speed air flow, and then are vaporized. Released to part 22. Also in the dispersing section 8, the raw material solution is heated by the heat from the vaporizing section 22 and the evaporation of the solvent such as THF is promoted, so that the section from the raw material supply inlet 29 to the raw material supply hole 6 and the section of the gas passage 2 Is cooled by water and other refrigerants.
- the raw material solution discharged from the dispersing section 8 and dispersed in the form of fine particles in the carrier gas is vaporized during transportation inside the vaporization tube 20 heated to a predetermined temperature by the heater 21 to promote MOCVD.
- Oxygen heated to a predetermined temperature from the oxygen supply port 25 provided immediately before reaching the reaction tube is mixed into a gaseous mixture and flows into the reaction tube.
- the evaluation was performed by analyzing the reaction mode of the vaporized gas instead of the film formation.
- a vacuum pump (not shown) was connected from the exhaust port 42, and impurities such as moisture in the reaction tube 44 were removed by a pressure reducing operation for about 20 minutes, and the valve 40 downstream of the exhaust port 42 was closed.
- Cooling water was passed through the vaporizer at about 400 cc / min.
- a carrier gas of 3 kgf Z cm 2 was flowed at 4995 cc / min, and after sufficiently filling the inside of the reaction tube 44 with the carrier gas, the valve 40 was opened.
- the temperature at gas outlet 7 was lower than 67 ° C.
- the inside of the vaporization tube 20 was 200 ° C, the section from the reaction tube 44 to the gas pack 46 and the gas pack were 100 ° C, and the inside of the reaction tube 44 was 300 ° C. Heated to C-600 ° C.
- the inside of the reserve tank was pressurized with carrier gas, and a predetermined liquid was flowed by a mass flow controller.
- S r (D PM) 2 , B i (C 6 H 5 ) 3 , Ta ( ⁇ C 2 H 5 ) 5 , and THF are respectively 0.04 cc / m 1 n 0.08 cc / min, It flowed at a flow rate of 0.08 ccmin and 0.2 cc / vain.
- the raw material solution When a metal as a film raw material is mixed or dissolved in a solvent to form a raw material solution, the raw material solution is generally in a liquid / liquid state (complete solvent liquid) in which the metal forms a complex.
- the metal complex was not always in a discrete molecular state, and that the metal complex itself was not dissolved in a solvent, and was in a range of 1 to 100. It has been found that it may exist as fine particles having a size of nm, or may partially exist as a solid Z liquid state. It is considered that clogging during vaporization is particularly likely to occur in the raw material solution in such a state. However, when the vaporizer of the present invention is used, clogging does not occur even in the raw material solution in such a state.
- the fine particles tend to settle to the bottom due to the gravity. Therefore, it is preferable from the viewpoint of preventing clogging that the bottom is heated (to the extent less than the evaporation point of the solvent) to cause convection in the stored solution to uniformly disperse the fine particles. It is more preferable to heat the bottom and cool the side surface of the upper surface of the container. Of course, heating is performed at a temperature equal to or lower than the evaporation temperature of the solvent.
- the heater be set or controlled so that the amount of heating heat in the upper region of the vaporization tube is larger than the amount of heating heat in the downstream region. That is, since water-cooled gas is ejected from the dispersing portion, it is preferable to provide a heating heater for increasing or decreasing the amount of heating heat in the upper region of the vaporization tube and decreasing or decreasing the amount of heating heat in the downstream region.
- FIG. 5 shows an MOCVD vaporizer according to the second embodiment.
- a cooling water passage 106 is formed on the outer periphery of the radiation prevention unit 102, and a cooling means 50 is provided on the outer periphery of the connection unit 23 to cool the radiation prevention unit 102.
- a recess 107 was provided around the exit of the pore 101.
- the amount of carbide attached was about 1/3 of that in Example 1.
- FIG. 6 shows an MOCVD vaporizer according to the third embodiment.
- the radiation preventing section 102 is provided with a taper 51. Due to the taper 51, a dead zone in that portion is eliminated, and the stagnation of the raw material can be prevented. Other points were the same as in Example 2.
- FIG. 7 shows a modified embodiment of the gas passage.
- a groove 70 is formed on the surface of the rod 10, and the outer diameter of the rod 10 is almost the same as the inner diameter of the hole formed inside the dispersion portion main body 1. Therefore, by merely inserting the rod 10 into the hole, the opening 10 can be arranged in the hole without eccentricity. Also, there is no need to use screws.
- This groove 70 becomes a gas passage.
- a plurality of grooves 70 may be formed in parallel with the central axis in the longitudinal direction of rod 10, or may be formed in a spiral shape on the surface of rod 10. In the case of a helical shape, a more uniform raw material gas can be obtained.
- FIG. 7 (b) shows an example in which a mixing section is provided at the tip of the rod 10.
- the largest diameter at the tip is almost the same as the inside diameter of the hole formed inside the dispersion portion main body 1.
- the space formed by the tip of the mouth and the inner surface of the hole becomes the gas passage.
- the examples shown in (a) and (b) are examples in which the surface of the rod 10 is processed, but a rod having a circular cross section is used, Needless to say, it may be a passage. It is preferable that the rod be installed, for example, at about H7Xh6 to JS7 specified in JIS.
- Embodiment 5 will be described with reference to FIG.
- a vaporization tube 20 having one end connected to the reaction tube of the MOCVD apparatus and the other end connected to the front gas outlet 7; Heating means for heating the vaporization tube 20;
- the dispersion section 8 includes a dispersion section main body 1 having a cylindrical hollow section, and a rod 10 having an outer diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the cylindrical hollow section,
- One or two or more spiral grooves 60 are provided on the vaporizer 22 side of the outer periphery of the rod 10, and the rod 10 is inserted into the cylindrical hollow portion,
- a radiation preventing portion 101 having pores 101 and having an inner diameter tapered toward the vaporizer 22 side.
- the raw material solution 5 When the raw material solution 5 is supplied to the gas passage through which the high-speed carrier gas 3 flows, the raw material solution is sheared and atomized. That is, the raw material solution as a liquid is sheared by the high-speed flow of the carrier gas and turned into particles. The particulate raw material solution is dispersed in the carrier gas in the form of particles. This is the same as in the first embodiment.
- the supply of the raw material solution 5 is preferably performed at 0.05 to 2 cc / min.
- the carrier gas is preferably supplied at a speed of 10 to 200 m / sec, more preferably 100 to 200 m / sec.
- a spiral groove 60 is formed on the outer periphery of the rod 10, and a gap space exists between the dispersion unit main body 1 and the rod 10.
- the carrier gas containing the raw material solution in the state travels straight in this gap space as a straight flow, and forms a swirl flow along the spiral groove 60.
- the present inventors have found that the atomized raw material solution is uniformly dispersed in the carrier gas when the straight flow and the swirl flow coexist.
- raw material solutions 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d are supplied to the gas passage. It is configured to supply.
- a carrier gas hereinafter referred to as “raw material gas” containing a raw material solution which has been atomized into ultrafine particles, in this example, a spiral is formed in a downstream portion of a portion corresponding to the raw material supply hole 6 of the rod 10.
- the part without the groove is provided.
- This part becomes the premixing part 65.
- the three types of organic metal source gases are mixed to some extent, and further become a complete mixed source gas in the downstream helical structure region.
- the length of the mixing section 65 is preferably 5 to 20 mm, more preferably 8 to 15 mm. Outside this range, a mixed source gas having a high concentration of only one of the three types of organic metal source gases can be sent to the vaporizer 22.
- a parallel portion 67 and a tapered portion 58 are provided at an end 66 on the upstream side of the rod 10.
- the parallel part of the cylindrical part of the dispersion part 1 also corresponds to the parallel part 67 and the tapered part 58, and the parallel part with the same inner diameter as the outer diameter of the parallel part 67 of the rod 10, and the taper of the rod 10 A taper portion having the same taper is provided. Therefore, if the rod 10 is inserted from the left side in the drawing, the rod 10 is held in the hollow portion of the dispersion unit main body 1.
- the port 10 can be moved. Can be prevented. That is, if the holding technology shown in Fig. 8 is adopted, 3 kg / The carrier gas can flow at a pressure of at least cm 2 . As a result, the cross-sectional area of the gas passage is reduced, so that a higher amount of carrier gas can be supplied with a small amount of gas. In other words, it is possible to supply carrier gas at a high speed of 50 to 300 mm / s. The same applies to the other embodiments described above if this holding technique is employed.
- grooves 67a, 67b, 67c, and 67d are formed as passages for the carrier gas in the portion corresponding to the raw material supply hole 6 of the rod 10. Keep it.
- the depth of each of the grooves 67 a, 67 b, 67 c, and 67 is preferably 0.005 to 0.1 mm. If the thickness is less than 0.05 mm, it is difficult to form grooves. Further, 0.01 to 0.05 is more preferable. With this range, clogging or the like does not occur. Also, high-speed flow is easily obtained.
- the number of spiral grooves 60 may be one, as shown in FIG. 9 (a), or a plurality of spiral grooves, as shown in FIG. When a plurality of spiral grooves are formed, they may be crossed. When crossed, a more uniformly dispersed source gas is obtained. However, the gas flow velocity for each groove shall be a cross-sectional area where 1 Om / sec or more can be obtained.
- the size and shape of the spiral groove 60 are not particularly limited, and the size and shape shown in FIG. 9 (c) are given as an example.
- the gas passage is cooled by cooling water 18.
- an extension section 69 is provided independently before the entrance of the dispersion section 22, and a longitudinal radiation prevention section 102 is arranged in this extension section.
- Pores 101 are formed on the gas outlet 7 side of the radiation prevention portion, and the inner diameter is spread in a taper shape toward the vaporizer side.
- the expansion part 69 is also a part for preventing the stagnation of the raw material gas described in the third embodiment.
- the expansion angle 0 in the expansion section 69 is preferably 5 to 10 degrees.
- 0 is within this range, the raw material gas can be supplied to the dispersing section without swirling.
- ⁇ is within this range, the fluid resistance due to expansion is minimized, and the presence of dead is minimized, and the presence of eddy due to the presence of the dead zone can be minimized. It is more preferable that ⁇ is 6 to 7 degrees.
- the preferred range is also the same in the embodiment shown in FIG.
- the raw material solution and the carrier gas were supplied under the following conditions, and the uniformity of the raw material gas was examined.
- the device shown in Fig. 8 was used as the vaporizer. However, the rod shown in Fig. 9 without the spiral groove was used as the rod.
- the raw material solution was supplied from the raw material supply hole 6, and the speed of the carrier gas was varied. From the raw material supply hole, S r (DPM) 2 in groove 67 a, B i (C 6 H 5 ) 3 in groove 67 b, and Ta (OC 2 H 5 ) in groove 67 c 5 ) A solvent such as THF was supplied to the groove 67d.
- the raw material gas was sampled at the gas outlet 7 without heating in the vaporizing section, and the particle diameter of the raw material solution in the collected raw material gas was measured.
- the result is shown in FIG. 11 as a relative value (1 in the case where the apparatus according to the conventional example shown in FIG. 12 (a) is used).
- the dispersed particle diameter is reduced by setting the flow velocity to 50 m / s or more, and the dispersed particle diameter is further reduced by setting the flow velocity to 100 m / s or more.
- the dispersion particle diameter saturates even at 200 m / s or more. Therefore, 100 to 200 m / s is a more preferable range.
- a rod having a spiral groove was used as the rod. .
- Example 6 the concentration of the raw material solution supplied to the groove was high at the extension of the groove. That is, S r (D PM) 2 in the extension of groove 67 a, B i (C 6 H 5 ) 3 in the extension of groove 67 b, and S i (C 6 H 5 ) 3 in the extension of groove 67 c T a (OC 2 H 5 ) 5 was higher in other concentrations.
- each organometallic raw material was uniform in any portion.
- Embodiment 8 is shown in FIG. 12 and FIG.
- the present inventor has found that this cause is related to the oxygen introduction position. That is, as shown in FIG. 20, when oxygen is introduced together with the carrier gas from the gas inlet 4 and the secondary oxygen supply port 200 and the oxygen inlet (primary oxygen supply port) 25 immediately adjacent to the gas outlet, a structure is formed. It has been found that the composition ratio in the film can be very small in the difference in composition ratio from the composition in the raw material solution.
- carrier gas and oxygen may be mixed in advance, and the mixed gas may be introduced from the gas inlet 4.
- the conditions of the vaporizer and the conditions of the reaction chamber were controlled as follows, and an SBT thin film was formed on an oxidized silicon substrate and on a substrate on which 200 nm of platinum was formed. Specific conditions:
- Tri-t—Ami-mouth oxide bismuth B i (O—t—C 5 H i: l ) 3 0.2 molar solution (solvent: hexane) 0.02 ml / min.
- First carrier 0 2 10 sccm (enter from gas inlet 4)
- Second carrier A r 20 s c cm (enter from gas inlet 200)
- Reactive oxygen 0 2 200 sccm (introduced from the lower part of the dispersion outlet 25) Reactive oxygen temperature 2 16 ° C (Temperature control by a heater separately installed before the lower part of the dispersion outlet is inserted)
- composition ratio of the composition of the formed film and the composition of the raw material solution was small, and the deposition rate was about five times that of the conventional film. It can be seen that the effect of introducing a small amount of oxygen together with the carrier gas from the gas inlet 4 is extremely large.
- the carbon content is as low as 3.5 at%.
- oxidizing gas such as oxygen is introduced from the gas introduction port 4 or the primary oxygen supply port immediately adjacent to the gas outlet, as shown in FIG. Is preferably controlled in order to further reduce the deviation of the composition ratio and to reduce the carbon content.
- the carbon content in the formed film can be reduced to 5% to 20% of the conventional value.
- Daiichi Carrier 0 2 10 sccm (enter from gas inlet 4)
- the pressure gauge is controlled to 4 T rr by the automatic pressure regulating valve.
- First carrier 0 2 10 sccm (enter from gas inlet 4)
- Reactive oxygen ⁇ 2 200 sccm (introduced from the lower part of the dispersion outlet 25) Reactive oxygen temperature 2 16 ° C (temperature controlled by a heater separately installed before entering the lower part of the dispersion outlet)
- the pressure in the reaction pressure chamber is controlled at 1 Torr.
- the reaction chamber 1 is evacuated to a high vacuum to completely remove the reaction gas, and after 1 minute, the wafer is taken out to the load lock chamber.
- reaction oxygen eg, 200 sc cm
- the organometallic gas was cooled and adhered and deposited on the vaporization tube.
- a heater when controlling the temperature of reactive oxygen supplied from the lower part of the vaporization section, a heater is wound around the outside of a stainless steel tube (1 / 4- 1/16 inch outer diameter, 10-100 cm in length). The temperature of the stainless steel tube outer wall was controlled (example: 219 ° C).
- the oxygen temperature after heating was measured directly with a fine thermocouple, and the heater temperature was controlled to accurately control the oxygen temperature.
- the means for such control is the heat exchanger shown in FIG.
- FIG. 14 shows the tenth embodiment.
- each of the single raw material solutions is atomized by spraying a gas, and then the atomized raw material solutions are mixed.
- a plurality of raw material solutions are mixed, Next, it is a device for atomizing the mixed raw material solution.
- a plurality of solution passages 130a and 130b for supplying the raw material solutions 5a and 5b, and a plurality of raw material solutions 5 supplied from the plurality of solution passages 130a and 130b are provided.
- the gas passage 120 arranged to blow a carrier gas or a mixed gas of a carrier gas and oxygen onto the mixed raw material solution discharged from the mixing section 109.
- the disperser has a vaporizer tube having one end connected to the reaction tube of the MOCVD apparatus and the other end connected to the outlet 107 of the disperser 150, and heating means 2 for heating the vaporizer tube.
- Vaporization unit for heating and vaporizing the gas containing the raw material solution sent from 150 2 and
- a radiant heat preventive material 102 having pores 101 is arranged outside the outlet 107.
- it is effective for a raw material solution in which the reaction does not proceed even if mixed, and once mixed, atomized, so that the composition is more accurate than in the case of mixing after atomization.
- a means (not shown) for analyzing the composition of the mixed raw material solution in the mixing section 109 is provided, and if the supply amounts of the raw material solutions 5a and 5b are controlled based on the analysis result, it is further improved. An accurate composition can be obtained.
- the heat propagated through the rod does not heat the supply passage 110. Furthermore, compared to the case of mixing after atomization, the cross-sectional area of the supply passage 110 can be reduced, and the cross-sectional area of the outlet 107 can be reduced, so that the inside of the supply passage 110 is heated by radiation. Also less. Therefore, precipitation of crystals and the like can be reduced without providing the radiation preventing portion 102. However, if it is desired to further prevent the precipitation of crystals, etc., an anti-radiation portion 102 may be provided as shown in FIG.
- the fine holes In the above embodiment, one example of the fine holes is shown, but a plurality of fine holes may be used.
- the diameter of the pore is preferably 2 mm or less. When a plurality is provided, the diameter can be further reduced.
- the angle is preferably 30 to 90 °.
- the optimum angle is determined from the viscosity of the solution and the flow rate. When the viscosity is large or the flow rate is large, the sharper angle allows the solution to flow smoothly. Therefore, in practice, the optimal angle corresponding to the viscosity and flow rate may be determined in advance by experiments and the like.
- a liquid mass flow controller for controlling the flow rate of the raw material solution, and to provide a deaeration means for deaeration upstream of the liquid mass flow controller. If the raw material solution is introduced into the mass flow controller without degassing, variations in the formed film occur on the same wafer or between other wafers. By introducing the raw material solution into the mass flow controller after degassing the helium or the like, the above-mentioned variation in the film thickness is significantly reduced.
- Variations in film thickness can be further prevented by providing a raw material solution and a helium pumping vessel, a liquid mass flow controller, and means for controlling the temperature of the front and rear pipes to a constant temperature.
- deterioration of the chemically unstable raw material solution can be prevented.
- it is precisely controlled in the range of 5 ° C to 20 ° C. In particular, 12 ° C ⁇ 1 ° C is desirable.
- a heat medium for flowing through the heat medium is provided.
- the substrate surface treatment apparatus may further include: a heat medium circulating path that is in a predetermined plane in the heat medium circulating path and in which a flow path of the heat medium in the parallel direction is formed; It is preferable that a heat conversion plate 304 be connected to the heat conversion plate 304, and the inside of the plane of the heat conversion plate 304 be heated to a substantially uniform temperature by the heat medium.
- a plurality of ventilation holes for passing the predetermined gas in a direction perpendicular to the plane are formed, and the predetermined gas passing through the ventilation hole is It is preferable to be able to heat to a substantially uniform temperature in a plane.
- the flow direction from the upstream ring to the downstream ring between the heat transfer paths adjacent to the heat medium circulation path is alternately configured.
- the temperature difference in the region adjacent to the heat transfer path is configured as high / low / high / low.
- the heat conversion plate can be uniformly heated or cooled.
- a heat conversion plate thermally connected to the heat medium circulation path is provided in a plane where the flow path of the heat medium in the parallel direction is formed. Therefore, it is possible to heat the inside of the plane of the heat conversion plate to a substantially uniform temperature by the heat medium.
- the apparatus shown in FIG. 27 is a film forming apparatus for forming a film on the surface of the band-shaped substrate 7420 while continuously feeding the band-shaped substrate 7420.
- a plurality of vaporizers shown in Fig. 5 are provided, 7 4 2 1 a, 7 4 2 1 b, ... 7 4 2 1 g.
- This vaporizer is the vaporizer according to the present invention.
- Continuous cleaning is possible if one of the film forming devices is being cleaned while the other film forming device is continuously operated.
- the clogging Before the complete clogging occurs, the clogging can be removed without disassembling the device.
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Abstract
Description
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US10/548,202 US20070166457A1 (en) | 2003-03-07 | 2004-03-08 | Vaporizer, film forming apparatus including the same, method of vaporization and method of forming film |
EP04718432A EP1608005A4 (en) | 2003-03-07 | 2004-03-08 | SPRAYER, FILM FORMING DEVICE COMPRISING SUCH A SPRAYER, VAPORIZATION METHOD AND FILM FORMING METHOD |
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JP2003-062577 | 2003-03-07 | ||
JP2003062577A JP2004273766A (ja) | 2003-03-07 | 2003-03-07 | 気化装置及びそれを用いた成膜装置並びに気化方法及び成膜方法 |
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EP (1) | EP1608005A4 (ja) |
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WO2008146608A1 (ja) * | 2007-05-23 | 2008-12-04 | Kabushiki Kaisha Watanabe Shoko | 気化装置、及び、気化装置を備えた成膜装置 |
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US8486196B2 (en) | 2007-05-23 | 2013-07-16 | Kabushiki Kaisha Watanabe Shoko | Vaporizing apparatus and film forming apparatus provided with vaporizing apparatus |
US9644264B2 (en) | 2007-05-23 | 2017-05-09 | Kabushiki Kaisha Watanabe Shoko | Evaporation method and film deposition method |
JP2014192258A (ja) * | 2013-03-26 | 2014-10-06 | Hitachi Kokusai Electric Inc | 基板処理装置及び半導体装置の製造方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2004273766A (ja) | 2004-09-30 |
US20070166457A1 (en) | 2007-07-19 |
EP1608005A1 (en) | 2005-12-21 |
KR20050106509A (ko) | 2005-11-09 |
EP1608005A4 (en) | 2008-11-05 |
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