TWI482057B - 具有觸覺回饋之以觸碰為基礎之使用者介面 - Google Patents
具有觸覺回饋之以觸碰為基礎之使用者介面 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本文所描述之實施例大體上係關於諸如軌跡板(track pad)或觸控式螢幕之以觸碰為基礎的使用者介面，且更特定言之係關於能夠向使用者提供局域化觸覺回饋之以觸碰為基礎的使用者介面。
現有的以觸碰為基礎之使用者介面通常具有觸控面板及視覺顯示組件。該觸控面板可包括觸敏表面，該觸敏表面回應於偵測到觸碰事件而產生可由電子裝置之其他組件處理及利用之信號。該觸敏表面可與該顯示組件分離(諸如，在軌跡板之情況下)，或可整合至顯示螢幕之可見區域中或定位於該顯示螢幕之該可見區域的前方(諸如，在顯示觸控式螢幕的情況下)。
在任一情況下，顯示組件可顯示表示可選擇之虛擬按鈕或圖示之文字及/或圖形顯示元件，且觸敏表面可允許使用者巡覽顯示於顯示螢幕上的內容。通常，使用者可按照裝置轉譯為輸入命令之型式跨越觸敏表面移動一或多個物件(諸如，手指或手寫筆)。作為一實例，一些電子裝置允許使用者藉由點選觸敏表面之對應於虛擬按鈕之一部分而選擇該虛擬按鈕。其他電子裝置包括可偵測觸控式螢幕上不同位置中之一個以上同時觸碰事件的觸敏表面。
現有的以觸碰為基礎之使用者介面不提供觸覺回饋至使用者。觸覺回饋可為(例如)藉由向使用者施加力、振動及/或動作而利用使用者之觸碰感覺的任何類型之感觸回饋。使用者通常僅可感覺到觸控式螢幕之剛性表面，從而難以發現正在顯示之圖示、超連結、文字方塊或其他使用者可選擇的輸入元件。以觸碰為基礎之使用者介面可藉由併有觸覺回饋而幫助使用者巡覽顯示於顯示螢幕上之內容。舉例而言，局域化觸覺回饋可藉由在使用者尋找虛擬按鈕、選擇該虛擬按鈕及/或確認該虛擬按鈕之選擇時提供回饋而使得使用者能夠感覺到正在顯示的內容。
本文所描述之實施例係關於以觸碰為基礎之使用者介面裝置，其既可自使用者接收輸入亦可基於來自該使用者之該輸入提供觸覺回饋。在一實施例中，一以觸碰為基礎之使用者介面裝置可包括一觸覺回饋層，該觸覺回饋層包括嵌入於一不導電材料中之一或多個壓電致動器。該觸覺回饋層可為以觸碰為基礎之使用者介面裝置之最外層，以使得一使用者可感覺到由該等致動器所提供之機械激勵。然而，在其他實施例中，該觸覺回饋層可由一保護性塗層或覆蓋層覆蓋。在一些實施例中，一印刷電路板層可定位於該觸覺回饋層之下。該印刷電路板層可包括一或多個金屬跡線，該一或多個金屬跡線經組態以向嵌入於該觸覺回饋層中之壓電致動器中的每一者供應一電壓。一些實施例亦可包括諸如一位移感測器及/或力感測器之輸入感測器，以用於辨識及區別來自使用者之各種以觸碰為基礎的輸入示意動作。
一實施例可採取包括一觸覺回饋層之以觸碰為基礎之使用者介面的形式，該觸覺回饋層包括經組態以供應一觸覺回饋之一或多個致動器。該一或多個致動器可嵌入於一不導電材料中。該以觸碰為基礎之使用者介面可進一步包括一下伏於該觸覺回饋層之印刷電路板層。該印刷電路板層可包括經組態以向該一或多個致動器供應一電壓之一或多個導電跡線。
另一實施例可採取用於製造一觸覺回饋層之方法的形式。該方法可包括配置一或多個壓電致動器以使得該一或多個壓電致動器彼此間隔開，及以一不導電材料填充該等壓電致動器之間的任何空間。
另一實施例可採取用於製造一觸覺回饋層之方法的形式。該方法可包括配置一或多個壓電致動器股線以使得該一或多個壓電致動器股線彼此間隔開，以一不導電材料填充該等壓電致動器股線之間的任何空間以形成一板料(blank)，及切割該板料以形成一觸覺回饋層。
本文所描述之實施例係關於以觸碰為基礎之使用者介面裝置，其既可自使用者接收輸入亦可基於來自該使用者之輸入提供觸覺回饋。在一實施例中，以觸碰為基礎之使用者介面裝置可包括觸覺回饋層，該觸覺回饋層包括嵌入於不導電材料中之一或多個壓電致動器。觸覺回饋層可為以觸碰為基礎之使用者介面裝置之最外層，以使得使用者可感覺到由致動器所提供之機械激勵。然而，在其他實施例中，觸覺回饋層可由保護性塗層或覆蓋層覆蓋。在一些實施例中，印刷電路板層可定位於觸覺回饋層之下。印刷電路板層可包括一或多個金屬跡線，該一或多個金屬跡線經組態以向嵌入於觸覺回饋層中之壓電致動器中的每一者供應電壓。一些實施例亦可包括諸如位移及/或力感測器之輸入感測器，以用於辨識及區別來自使用者之各種以觸碰為基礎的輸入示意動作。
如本文所使用之術語「垂直」定義為垂直於觸覺回饋層之平面或表面的平面，而不管其定向。術語「水平」指代垂直於剛才所定義之垂直方向的方向。關於垂直於觸覺回饋層之平面或表面的平面定義諸如「上方」、「下方」、「底部」、「之下」、「頂部」、「側」、「較高」、「較低」、「上部」、「之上」及「下」(例如，如在「下伏」、「之下」等等)的術語，而不管其定向。術語「最外」指代最接近操成表面之使用者而定位的表面。如在「外表面」中之術語「外」指代可包括最外表面之任何物件表面。
圖1A至圖1C說明併有以觸碰為基礎之使用者介面之各種實施例的電子裝置之一些實例。在圖1A中所示之一實施例中，膝上型電腦111可併有充當使用者輸入-輸出(I/O)裝置的軌跡板104。軌跡板104可與膝上型電腦100之顯示螢幕103分離。
如下文將進一步描述，軌跡板104可包括允許使用者與膝上型電腦111互動之一或多個輸入感測器，以及能夠提供動態局域化觸覺回饋之表面。在一實施例中，軌跡板104可經組態以感測跨越軌跡板104之表面而施加的各種以觸碰為基礎之輸入示意動作，諸如揮擊、點選、捲動等等。以觸碰為基礎之輸入示意動作可藉由諸如手指、手寫筆等等之物件施加。輸入感測器可獲得關於所感測之示意動作的資訊並傳輸該資訊至膝上型電腦111中所設置之處理裝置，該處理裝置可將所接收資訊轉譯為特定輸入命令。作為一實例，輸入感測器可導出關於所感測之示意動作的距離及/或方向資訊，且處理裝置可基於所接收之距離及/或方向資訊移動螢幕上之圖形指標。作為另一實例，輸入感測器可經組態以感測特定動作或動作樣式且使所感測之動作與特定命令相關聯。舉例而言，點選可與滑鼠點按(click)相關聯，而以特定方式沿軌跡板滑動物件可與捲動相關聯。處理裝置可為任何已知的處理裝置，包括(但不限於)中央處理單元(CPU)、微處理器、數位信號處理器(DSP)、微控制器、圖形處理單元(GPU)等等。
如上文所論述，軌跡板104可經組態以基於來自使用者之輸入示意動作提供觸覺回饋。觸覺回饋可用以藉由在使用者用軌跡板104進行操作時向使用者提供機械激勵而增強使用者與膝上型電腦111之互動。舉例而言，觸覺回饋可確認使用者對特定虛擬圖示或按鈕之選擇，或可在使用者之游標經過可選擇的圖示或按鈕時加以提供。其他實施例可包括提供觸覺回饋至使用者之其他方式。可藉由經組態以向用軌跡板104進行操作之物件施加力、振動及/或其他動作的一或多個致動器來提供觸覺回饋。如下文將進一步論述，在一實施例中，致動器可散佈遍及軌跡板104之表面，以使得使用者可自軌跡板104之不同部分接收回饋。在其他實施例中，致動器可僅設置於軌跡板104之某些區段中，以使得使用者僅可在用彼等區段進行操作時接收回饋。如下文將論述，致動器可為壓電致動器。
圖1B說明另一實施例，其中以觸碰為基礎之使用者介面可併入至滑鼠108之外殼中。併有此以觸碰為基礎之使用者介面的現有滑鼠108之一實例為Apple Inc.之Magic MouseTM
。滑鼠108可包括一或多個感測器，該一或多個感測器用於偵測跨越滑鼠108之頂表面107的各種以觸碰為基礎之輸入示意動作(諸如，揮擊、點選、單指及兩指捲動等等)以用於允許使用者與桌上型電腦105互動。在一實施例中，滑鼠108之頂表面107可包括多個致動器，該等致動器可基於使用者與桌上型電腦105之互動而提供觸覺回饋至使用者。如同圖1A中所示之實施例的軌跡板104，滑鼠108可與桌上型電腦105之顯示螢幕102分離。
在圖1C中所說明的又一實施例中，以觸碰為基礎之使用者介面可採取觸控式螢幕輸入組件106的形式。可在可充當(例如)媒體裝置、通信裝置、數位相機、視訊攝影機、儲存裝置或任何其他電子裝置之電子裝置101上設置觸控式螢幕輸入組件106。併有以觸碰為基礎之使用者介面的電子裝置101之一些實例包括Apple Inc.之iPhoneTM
及iPadTM
。電子裝置101可包括一或多個感測器，該一或多個感測器用於偵測跨越上覆電子裝置101之顯示螢幕的表面109之各種以觸碰為基礎的輸入示意動作(諸如，揮擊、點選、捲動等等)以用於允許使用者與裝置互動。在一些實施例中，表面109可包括可回應於來自使用者之輸入示意動作而提供觸覺回饋之多個致動器。
圖2展示如根據一些實施例使用的單一壓電致動器100之透視圖。如上文所論述，壓電致動器100可在致動後即提供某類型之機械激勵(諸如，脈衝、振動或其他回饋)。致動器100之表面積可為(例如)10平方毫米、10平方微米、10平方奈米，或實體上可能的任何其他大小。另外，儘管所說明之壓電致動器100具有矩形組態，但其他實施例可為其他形狀。舉例而言，壓電致動器可為圓形、卵形、三角形、細長的股線等等。
壓電致動器100可包括電極102及104以及壓電材料106，其中任一者或全部可為透明的、不透明的或其組合。壓電材料106可包括(例如)陶瓷、聚偏二氟乙烯、一或多種天然晶體(諸如，磷鐵鋁礦、蔗糖、石英、酒石酸鉀鈉、黃晶及/或任何(多種)電氣石群礦)、人造晶體(諸如，正磷酸鎵或蘭克賽(langasite))、骨、聚合物，及/或能夠回應於所施加電壓而機械變形的任何其他材料。
壓電材料106可連接至兩個電極102及104。電極中之一者102可連接至電壓源之正端子，且電極中的另一者104可連接至電壓源之負端子。當跨越電極102及/或104施加足夠電壓時，壓電材料106在高度(H)上可擴展或收縮。在其他實施例中，可使壓電致動器100在其他方向上(諸如，在寬度上，如與高度相對)擴展。使壓電材料106變形所需之電壓的量可變化，且可取決於用以製造壓電致動器100之壓電材料106的類型。當電壓源未供應電壓時，或當跨越電極102、104之電壓小於使壓電材料106變形所需之電壓的臨限量時，壓電材料106可返回至其原始尺寸(亦即，該材料在其未變形狀態下之尺寸)。
壓電材料106之擴展或收縮的量值可藉由跨越電極102、104之電壓的位準或量來判定，其中較大的電壓量對應於較高的擴展或收縮量值。另外，跨越壓電材料106之電壓的極性可判定壓電材料106收縮抑或擴展。舉例而言，壓電材料106可回應於正電壓而擴展且回應於負電壓而收縮。或者，壓電材料可回應於正電壓而收縮且回應於負電壓而擴展。
在一實施例中，可藉由將控制信號施加至壓電致動器100之電極102及104中的一者或兩者而使壓電致動器100振動。該控制信號可為具有預定振幅及/或頻率之波。當該控制信號施加至電極102、104中的一者或兩者時，壓電致動器100可按照該控制信號之頻率振動。若需要或多或少迅速之振動，則該控制信號之頻率可根據各種實施例而調整以更改壓電致動器100之擴展及收縮的速率。該控制信號之振幅可與壓電材料106之擴展或收縮的量值相關，且可經調整以更改振動之強度。
圖3A說明以觸碰為基礎之使用者介面300之一實施例的俯視圖。在圖3B中說明圖3A中所示的以觸碰為基礎之使用者介面300之橫截面圖。如圖3A及圖3B中所示，以觸碰為基礎之使用者介面300可包括選用之覆蓋層305、觸覺回饋層301、印刷電路板(「PCB」)層307及一或多個力感測器315。在一實施例中，選用之覆蓋層305可定位於觸覺回饋層301之上方，PCB層307可定位於觸覺回饋層301之下方，且力感測器315可定位於PCB層307之下方。其他實施例可包括觸覺回饋層301、PCB層307、力感測器315及覆蓋層305之其他配置。舉例而言，在一實施例中，觸覺回饋層301可定位於PCB層307之下。另一實施例可能不包括覆蓋層305。實情為，觸覺回饋層301可形成以觸碰為基礎之使用者介面300之最外表面。在另一實施例中，力感測器315可定位於觸覺回饋層301之上方。
在一實施例中，觸覺回饋層301可包括嵌入於不導電材料311中之一或多個壓電致動器100。觸覺回饋層301中之壓電致動器100中的每一者可與圖2中所展示及描述之壓電致動器100相同或類似。在一實施例中，每一壓電致動器100可被個別地控制。在其他實施例中，兩個或兩個以上壓電致動器100可群聚在一起且作為單一實體被控制。舉例而言，兩個或兩個以上壓電致動器可群聚在一起以表示單一虛擬按鈕。在其他實施例中，任何數目個壓電致動器100可群聚以形成單一實體。
熟習此項技術者將瞭解，儘管圖3A及圖3B中所示之致動器具有相同的實體尺寸，但壓電致動器可為任何大小或大小之組合。舉例而言，壓電致動器圍繞以觸碰為基礎之使用者介面300之邊緣可為較大的且朝向以觸碰為基礎之使用者介面300的中間成比例地較小。熟習此項技術者亦應瞭解，壓電致動器及/或壓電致動器之壓電材料之間的空間亦可相應地調整。
如圖3A及圖3B中所示，壓電致動器100可按照任何組態嵌入至觸覺回饋層301中。舉例而言，如圖3A中所示，壓電致動器100可按照柵格組態配置以形成複數個列及行。以觸碰為基礎之使用者介面300上之壓電致動器100的列及行之數目可根據不同實施例而變化。舉例而言，一實施例可包括多於行之列，而另一實施例可包括相等數目個列及行，等等。
壓電致動器100可嵌入於不導電材料311中，不導電材料311可用以使致動器100絕緣且使致動器100彼此分離。不導電材料311可為無機或剛性材料，其具有足夠高之剛性模數以在嵌入式壓電致動器100回應於所供應電壓而變形時抵抗變形。在此實施例中，隨著經附接之致動器100相對於不導電材料311在高度上增加及減小，不導電材料311可維持相同的尺寸。可使用的無機材料之一些實例包括玻璃、陶瓷、塑膠等等。在其他實施例中，不導電材料311可為有機或柔性材料，其具有足夠高的彈性模數以隨著經附接的嵌入式壓電致動器100而變形。在此實施例中，隨著經附接的嵌入式致動器100在高度上增加及減小，不導電材料311可在高度上增加及減小。可使用的有機材料之一些實例包括彈性體、矽、熱塑性塑膠等等。
在一實施例中，可藉由黏著劑308將壓電致動器100結合至不導電材料311。舉例而言，可圍繞壓電致動器100之周邊之至少一部分塗覆黏著劑308，以將致動器結合至不導電材料311。在一些實施例中，黏著劑308可具有高的彈性模數以便允許壓電致動器100相對於不導電材料311移動，同時抵抗致動器100與不導電材料之解除結合以及黏著劑自身之破裂或磨損。合適的黏著劑之一些實例包括(但不限於)熱塑性黏著劑、熱熔性黏著劑、以溶劑為基礎的黏著劑等等。
黏著劑308之性質可根據用以形成觸覺回饋層301之不導電材料311的性質而變化。舉例而言，具有較高之彈性模數的黏著劑可能更適用於如下實施例：利用隨著嵌入式壓電致動器100變形而抵抗變形的剛性不導電材料311。對比而言，具有較低之彈性模數的黏著劑可能更適用於如下實施例：利用隨著嵌入式壓電致動器100而變形的柔性或彈性不導電材料311。
如上文所論述，PCB層307可定位於觸覺回饋層301之下。PCB層307可包括不導電基質309，不導電基質309經組態以支撐對應於壓電致動器100中之每一者的電極102、104。如圖3B中所示，在一實施例中，每一對電極102、104可定位於相應的壓電致動器之正下方，以使得電極102、104中之每一者沿至少一垂直軸線與相應的致動器100對準。然而，在其他實施例中，該等電極可能未垂直對準於相應的致動器100。舉例而言，在一實施例中，電極102、104中之一者或兩者可定位至相應的致動器100之一側。
在一實施例中，電極102、104可採取嵌入於不導電基質309內之導電金屬跡線之形式。如圖3B中所示，金屬跡線之頂端可接觸壓電致動器100，且該等金屬跡線可自PCB層307之頂表面312延伸穿過PCB層之底表面314。該等金屬跡線可由任何合適之導電材料形成，包括(但不限於)銅、鋁、銀、金、鐵等等。在其他實施例中，電極102、104可為絕緣線，而非未絕緣跡線。
不導電基質309可由任何不導電材料形成，包括低溫合熱(co-fired)的陶瓷、以彈性體為基礎之聚合物、玻璃、鐵氟龍等等。在一實施例中，不導電基質309可由剛性或半剛性材料形成，該材料可向觸覺回饋層301提供結構支撐。舉例而言，不導電基質309可防止觸覺回饋層301在凹陷時破裂。不導電基質309可完全環繞電極102、104中之每一者，以便使個別電極絕緣且防止鄰近電極之間的接觸。然而，在諸如使用絕緣線而非未絕緣跡線之其他實施例中，不導電基質309可僅部分地環繞電極102、104中之每一者。
在一些實施例中，觸覺回饋層301可由選用之覆蓋層305完全或部分地覆蓋。選用之覆蓋層305可用以使觸覺回饋層301絕緣並保護觸覺回饋層301免受磨損。覆蓋層305可足夠薄以便允許使用者感覺到由致動器100所供應的力。在一實施例中，選用之覆蓋層305可由諸如玻璃、透亮化妝釉(clear cosmetic glaze)、塑膠等等之透明不導電材料形成。然而，在其他實施例中，覆蓋層305可由完全或部分不透明之材料(諸如，陶瓷或不透明漆)形成。在另一實施例中，覆蓋層305可為藉由不透明漆噴塗或以其他方式塗佈的透亮材料。舉例而言，覆蓋層305可為以漆塗佈之玻璃層。
如上文所提到，以觸碰為基礎之使用者介面300亦可包括一或多個力感測器315。在一實施例中，力感測器315可位於PCB層307之下。然而，在其他實施例中，力感測器315可定位於觸覺回饋層301之上方或嵌入至PCB層307或觸覺回饋層301中。力感測器315可能能夠感測施加於感測器上之力或壓力的量。當力施加至以觸碰為基礎之使用者介面300時，可經過該介面之外層將該力傳輸至下面的力感測器。可結合以觸碰為基礎之使用者介面使用的力感測器315之一些實例可包括(但不限於)力敏感電阻器、力敏感電容器、測力計、壓力板、壓電傳感器、應變計等等。
在一實施例中，力感測器315可定位於以觸碰為基礎之使用者介面300之最外表面之下或併入至該最外表面中。在此實施例中，以觸碰為基礎之使用者介面300之最外表面可允許輕微量之撓曲，以使得該表面上之任何力可散佈至各別力感測器。因此，當力施加至以觸碰為基礎之使用者介面300(例如，歸因於最外表面上之擠壓或推動)時，可經由最外表面將該力傳輸至位於最外表面之下之力感測器315。亦即，最外表面可最小程度地撓曲，但仍足以藉由力感測器315感測，該力感測器315嵌入於最外表面中或夾在最外表面與以觸碰為基礎之使用者介面300的另一中間層之間。
力感測器315可產生指示所感測之力的信號。在一實施例中，感測器315可經組態以在力施加至以觸碰為基礎之使用者介面300時產生輸入信號。電子裝置之處理裝置接著可處理該等輸入信號以區別各種以觸碰為基礎的輸入示意動作且根據不同之輸入示意動作起始命令。因此，力感測器315可允許區別可與不同命令相關聯之各種輸入示意動作。在一實施例中，力感測器可用以區分點按與捲動命令。作為一實例，處理裝置可使(諸如)來自點選動作之較高量的力與點按命令相關聯，且使(諸如)來自滑動動作之較低量的力與捲動命令相關聯(或反之亦然)。因此，若藉由力感測器315所量測之力超過力之臨限位準，則輸入示意動作可解譯為點按命令。另一方面，若藉由力感測器315所量測之力小於力的該臨限位準，則輸入示意動作可解譯為捲動命令。
以觸碰為基礎之使用者介面300亦可包括位移感測器，該位移感測器可導出與該介面上之物件之位置相關的空間資料，以及與物件距該介面之距離相關的接近性資料。在圖4A至圖4C中所說明之一實施例中，位移感測器可為電容感測器320，其可使用互電容感測來偵測手指(或其他物件)的位置。在一實施例中，可將電容感測器320併入至下伏於觸覺回饋層301之PCB層307中。然而，在另一實施例中，電容感測器320可夾在觸覺回饋層301與PCB層307之間。在其他實施例中，電容感測器320可併入至上文所述之以觸碰為基礎之使用者介面300的任何層中，或可為定位於介面300之其他層之上方或下方或夾在介面300之兩個層之間的額外層。
在一實施例中，電容感測器320可包括導電電極335，導電電極335以變化之圖案沈積至兩個可撓性基板薄片331、333上。基板薄片331、333可由可撓而有剛性的不導電材料(諸如，塑膠、聚酯、橡膠、玻璃等等)形成。在一實施例中，電極335可沈積於一薄片331之內表面上以形成列圖案，且沈積於另一薄片333之相應內表面上以形成行圖案。列338與行339之間的間距可根據不同實施例而變化，其中較小的間距大小對應於更敏感電容性感測器320。當以一基板薄片在另一基板薄片之上(電極彼此面對)的方式定位該兩個基板薄片時，柵格圖案可形成。靠近兩個電極之交叉點336置放的手指或其他物件修改該兩個電極之間的電容。可量測電容之此改變，且可基於沿電容感測器之各個點處的此等改變判定手指的位置。
在一實施例中，壓電致動器100可嵌入於觸覺回饋層301中，以使得致動器100與藉由電容感測器320之電極335所形成的柵格圖案對準。舉例而言，壓電致動器100可定位於柵格之列338與行339之間所界定的空間322之上方，以使得空間322與致動器100沿至少一垂直軸線對準。隨著在特定交叉點336或交叉點群組處偵測到電容之改變，可向定位接近交叉點336之致動器100或致動器群組供應電壓。壓電致動器100可能或可能不定位於柵格的每一空間之上方。舉例而言，可針對柵格之每隔一個空間或柵格之每第三個空間設置單一壓電致動器100。在另一實施例中，可針對一些空間設置多個壓電致動器100。
如上文所論述，來自壓電致動器100之觸覺回饋可允許耦接至以觸碰為基礎之使用者介面的顯示器上所顯示之內容之增強的巡覽。在一實施例中，壓電致動器100可替代滑鼠、軌跡板，或電子裝置之其他使用者介面的機械「點按」。舉例而言，以觸碰為基礎之使用者介面可藉由向壓電致動器100供應電壓以使得使用者感覺到振動或其他動作來確認「點按」。在一實施例中，電子裝置可將以觸碰為基礎之使用者介面之表面上的點選動作解譯為對應於點按命令。對比而言，當使用者沿以觸碰為基礎之使用者介面之表面滑動手指或其他物件時，壓電致動器100可保持未致動。因此，使用者可能能夠確定電子裝置是否已將輸入示意動作解譯為點按或捲動。
在另一實施例中，壓電致動器100可允許使用者「感覺到」藉由電子裝置所顯示的可選擇之按鈕或圖示。此實施例可在如下以觸碰為基礎之使用者介面中尤其有用：未上覆於顯示螢幕(諸如，軌跡板或滑鼠)，其中使用者不可將手指或其他物件定位於所顯示之按鈕及圖示的正上方來選擇該等按鈕及圖示。在一實施中，當游標定位於虛擬按鈕或圖示之選擇範圍內時，可將電壓供應至壓電致動器100。因此，使用者可感覺到指示該使用者可用選擇輸入示意動作選擇按鈕的振動或其他動作。
圖5A及圖5B說明以觸碰為基礎之使用者介面200之另一實施例的俯視圖及透視圖。在此實施例中，壓電致動器201可採取橫向延伸跨越觸覺回饋層205之一或多個股線203的形式。在一實施例中，股線203可彼此平行，且可跨越觸覺回饋層205在水平方向上延伸。在此實施例中，連接至股線203之導電跡線可定位於觸覺回饋層203之側面上，如與如在圖3A及圖3B中所示之實施例中在觸覺回饋層203之下相對。股線203可嵌入於不導電材料207中，以使得股線203暴露且形成觸覺回饋層205之外表面的部分。或者，股線203可由不導電材料207覆蓋。
在其他實施例中，跡線可定位於股線203之下。在其他實施例中，股線203可能不彼此平行，但可相對於彼此成角度延伸。另外，股線203可跨越觸覺回饋層205垂直地或對角地延伸，而非水平地延伸。
圖6A至圖6C說明用於製造觸覺回饋層的方法之一實施例。在圖6A中所說明之第一步驟中，一或多個壓電致動器100可配置於模具160中。模具160可界定所形成之觸覺回饋層的形狀。可按照任何組態配置致動器100。舉例而言，致動器100可在模具160中均勻地間隔開，或集中於模具的一部分中。致動器100可具有任何形狀。舉例而言，致動器可具有圓形形狀、正方形形狀、三角形形狀，或任何其他形狀。致動器可全部實質上相同，或一些致動器可具有不同於其他致動器的組態。
在圖6B中所說明之第二步驟中，可圍繞壓電致動器100之周邊的全部或一部分塗覆黏著劑308。如上文所論述，黏著劑308可將壓電致動器100黏合至不導電材料。在一實施例中，黏著劑308可為圍繞致動器之周邊塗覆的熱熔性黏著劑。其他實施例可使用其他類型之黏著劑，如上文所論述。在一替代實施例中，可在不導電材料添加至模具之後塗覆黏著劑308。舉例而言，致動器100可與不導電材料間隔開，且可在形成板料之不導電部分之後添加黏著劑。另外，一些實施例可能不在不導電材料與壓電致動器100之間包括黏著層。因此，上文所述之黏著劑塗覆步驟為選用的。
在圖6C中所說明之第三步驟中，不導電材料311可添加至模具來填充壓電致動器100之間的空間。在一實施例中，可將不導電材料311加熱成液體形式且接著將其澆注至模具160中來填充致動器100之間的空間。在另一實施例中，可將不導電材料311以固體形式添加至模具160，且可將致動器及不導電材料加熱以使不導電材料311熔融，以使得不導電材料311填充致動器100之間的空間。在將不導電材料311添加至模具160之後，可加熱、烘烤或以其他方式處理複合層來形成最終的觸覺回饋層301。
在一實施例中，不導電材料及致動器兩者可各自界定觸覺回饋層之外表面的一部分。然而，在其他實施例中，不導電材料311可覆蓋致動器100之全部或部分，以形成觸覺回饋層之側表面、頂表面及/或底表面中的一或多者。因此，在一實施例中，不導電材料可界定觸覺回饋層之外表面，或致動器可界定觸覺回饋層之一外表面的一部分，而其他表面由不導電材料界定。
圖7A至圖7C說明用於製造觸覺回饋層的方法之另一實施例。詳言之，圖7A說明可用以形成以觸碰為基礎之使用者介面之觸覺層的複合板料700之透視圖。如圖7A中所示，該複合板料可包括與不導電材料311相連的一或多個壓電股線201。股線201可具有任何橫截面組態。舉例而言，股線可具有圓形橫截面、矩形橫截面、正方形橫截面、三角形橫截面等等。在一實施例中，壓電股線可彼此平行，以使得股線在複合板料內形成一或多個列及一或多個行。然而，在其他實施例中，壓電股線可彼此成角度延伸。如上文所論述，可藉由黏著材料308將壓電股線之側表面接合至不導電材料。
可按照與關於圖6A至圖6C中所說明的用於形成觸覺層之方法所述之方式類似的方式形成複合板料700。亦即，藉由以陣列組態配置壓電股線201，且接著以不導電材料311填充該等股線之間的空間，可形成複合板料700。股線之陣列可首先配置於界定該板料之形狀的模具中。
如上文所論述，接著可用不導電材料311填充陣列之股線之間的空間。在一實施例中，可將不導電材料311加熱至液體狀態，且接著將其澆注在壓電股線201之陣列之上。在其他實施例中，可圍繞壓電股線置放呈固體形式的不導電材料，且可將股線及不導電材料加熱以使得不導電材料熔融並填充股線之間的間隙。在一實施例中，可在不導電材料添加至模具之前將黏著劑308塗覆至股線之側邊緣。
接著可切割所形成之複合板料700來形成以觸碰為基礎之使用者介面裝置的不同組態。在圖7B中所示之一實施例中，可沿垂直於股線延伸方向之平面切割該板料以形成與圖3A及圖3B中所示之觸覺回饋層類似的觸覺回饋層301，其中壓電致動器100的形狀根據股線201之橫截面輪廓而變化。可使用(例如)電腦數值控制之雷射切割工具，或者諸如刀片之機械切割工具來切割該板料。在圖7C中所示之另一實施例中，可沿平行於股線201之延伸方向的平面切割板料700，以形成與圖5A及圖5B中所示之觸覺回饋層類似的觸覺回饋層205。舉例而言，可沿股線之間的不導電區域切割該板料，以使得藉由不導電材料覆蓋所得的以觸碰為基礎之使用者介面的壓電股線。或者，可切割該板料以暴露股線201，以使得該等股線形成所得的觸覺回饋層205之外表面的至少部分。
圖8為說明用於製造觸覺回饋層的方法800之一實施例的流程圖。舉例而言，所說明之方法800可用以形成與圖3A及圖3B中所示之實施例類似的實施例。如區塊801中所指示，方法800可藉由以間隔開組態配置一或多個壓電致動器而開始。如上文所論述，模具可界定所形成的觸覺回饋層之形狀。可按照任何組態配置致動器。舉例而言，致動器可在模具中均勻地間隔開，或集中於該模具的一部分中。
如區塊803中所指示，接著可圍繞壓電致動器之周邊的至少一部分塗覆黏著劑。如上文所論述，該黏著劑可將壓電致動器黏合至不導電材料。在一些實施例中，該黏著劑可具有高的彈性模數，以便允許壓電致動器相對於不導電材料移動，同時抵抗致動器與不導電材料之解除結合以及黏著劑自身的破裂或磨損。
如區塊805中所指示，可用不導電材料填充致動器之間的空間。如上文所論述，在一實施例中，可將不導電材料加熱至液體形式並將其澆注至模具中來填充致動器之間的空間。在其他實施例中，可將不導電材料以固體形式插入至模具中，且可加熱致動器及不導電材料以使得不導電材料填充致動器之間的空間。
圖9為說明用於製造觸覺回饋層的方法900之另一實施例的流程圖。舉例而言，所說明之方法900可用以形成與圖3A及圖3B以及圖5A及圖5B中所示之實施例類似的實施例。如區塊901中所指示，方法900可藉由以間隔開組態配置一或多個壓電股線而開始。如上文所論述，該等股線之間的間距及該等股線之組態可根據不同實施例而變化。首先可將該等股線配置於界定板料之形狀的模具中。如區塊903中所指示，接著可用不導電材料填充股線之間的空間以形成複合板料。如上文所論述，可將不導電材料加熱成液體形式並將其澆注至模具中來填充股線之間的空間。在其他實施例中，可將不導電材料以固體形式插入至模具中，且可加熱股線及不導電材料以使得不導電材料填充股線之間的空間。
如區塊905中所指示，接著可切割複合板料。如上文所論述，在一實施例中，可沿垂直於股線延伸方向之平面切割該複合板料。在另一實施例中，可沿平行於股線延伸方向之平面切割該複合板料，以使得所形成之觸覺回饋層包括延伸跨越該板料的一或多個股線。可暴露股線，以使得股線形成觸覺回饋層之最外表面之一部分，或可藉由不導電材料覆蓋該等股線。
除非另外指定，否則本文所說明及描述之方法的執行次序或效能為不必要的。亦即，除非另外指定，否則方法之要素可按照任何次序執行，且方法可包括多於或少於本文所揭示之要素的要素。舉例而言，預期在另一要素之前、同時或之後實行或執行特定要素為所有可能的執行序列。
100．．．壓電致動器
101．．．電子裝置
102．．．電極/顯示螢幕
103．．．顯示螢幕
104．．．電極/軌跡板
105．．．桌上型電腦
106．．．觸控式螢幕輸入組件/壓電材料
107．．．滑鼠之頂表面
108．．．滑鼠
109．．．表面
111．．．膝上型電腦
160．．．模具
200．．．以觸碰為基礎之使用者介面
201．．．壓電致動器/壓電股線
203．．．股線
205．．．觸覺回饋層
207．．．不導電材料
300．．．以觸碰為基礎之使用者介面
301．．．觸覺回饋層
305．．．選用之覆蓋層
307．．．印刷電路板層
308．．．黏著劑
309．．．不導電基質
311．．．不導電材料
312．．．PCB層之頂表面
314．．．PCB層之底表面
315．．．力感測器
320．．．電容感測器
322．．．空間
331．．．可撓性基板薄片
333．．．可撓性基板薄片
335．．．導電電極
336．．．交叉點
338．．．列
339．．．行
700．．．複合板料
圖1A說明併有以觸碰為基礎之使用者介面之一實施例的電子裝置之一實施例。
圖1B說明併有以觸碰為基礎之使用者介面之一實施例的電子裝置之另一實施例。
圖1C說明併有以觸碰為基礎之使用者介面之一實施例的電子裝置之另一實施例。
圖2說明如根據一些實施例使用的單一壓電致動器之透視圖。
圖3A說明以觸碰為基礎之使用者介面之一實施例之俯視圖。
圖3B說明如沿線3B-3B所截取的在圖3A中所示之以觸碰為基礎之使用者介面的側視橫截面圖。
圖4A說明上覆一或多個壓電致動器之位移感測器之一實施例的俯視圖。
圖4B說明圖4A中所示之該實施例的近視及部分剖示圖。
圖4C說明圖4A中所示之該實施例的分解圖。
圖5A說明以觸碰為基礎之使用者介面之另一實施例之俯視圖。
圖5B說明圖5A中所示之以觸碰為基礎之使用者介面之該實施例的透視圖。
圖6A說明在圍繞壓電致動器之邊緣塗覆黏著劑之前的該實施例之製造期間所示的在圖3A及圖3B中所示之示例實施例的透視圖。
圖6B說明在不導電材料添加至模具之前的該實施例之製造期間所示的圖3A及圖3B之該示例實施例的透視圖。
圖6C說明在已藉由不導電材料填充壓電致動器之間的空間之後的該實施例之製造期間所示的圖3A及圖3B之該示例實施例的透視圖。
圖7A說明在複合板料被切割之前此等實施例自該複合板料之製造期間所示的在圖3A及圖3B與圖5A及圖5B中所示之示例實施例的透視圖。
圖7B說明在複合板料被切割之後的該實施例之製造期間所示的在圖3A及圖3B中所示之示例實施例的透視圖。
圖7C說明在複合板料被切割之後的該實施例之製造期間所示的在圖5A及圖5B中所示之示例實施例的透視圖。
圖8為闡明用於製造觸覺回饋層之方法的流程圖。
圖9為闡明用於製造觸覺回饋層之方法的流程圖。
100．．．壓電致動器
300．．．以觸碰為基礎之使用者介面
301．．．觸覺回饋層
305．．．選用之覆蓋層
307．．．印刷電路板層
308．．．黏著劑
309．．．不導電基質
311．．．不導電材料
312．．．PCB層之頂表面
314．．．PCB層之底表面
315．．．力感測器
Claims (20)
- 一種以觸碰為基礎之裝置，其包含：一觸覺回饋層，其包含經組態以供應一觸覺回饋之一或多個致動器，該一或多個致動器嵌入於一不導電材料中；一或多個力感測器，其經組態以至少部分基於由該一或多個力感測器所感測之一力量(an amount of force)來區分複數個命令；及一印刷電路板層，其置於該觸覺回饋層下方，該印刷電路板層包括經組態以向該一或多個致動器供應一電壓的一或多個導電跡線。
- 如請求項1之以觸碰為基礎之裝置，其中該一或多個致動器中之至少一者為一壓電致動器。
- 如請求項1之以觸碰為基礎之裝置，其中該印刷電路板層進一步包含一電容性感測器。
- 如請求項3之以觸碰為基礎之裝置，其中該電容性感測器包括一第一電極層及一第二電極層，該第一電極層上覆於該第二電極層以形成一柵格，該柵格在該第一電極層與該第二電極層之間界定一或多個空間。
- 如請求項4之以觸碰為基礎之裝置，其中該一或多個致動器中之至少一者與該柵格之該一或多個空間中的至少一者沿至少一垂直軸線對準。
- 如請求項1之以觸碰為基礎之裝置，其中該一或多個力感測器定位於該觸覺回饋層之上。
- 如請求項1之以觸碰為基礎之裝置，其中該一或多個力感測器定位於該印刷電路板層之下。
- 如請求項1之以觸碰為基礎之裝置，其中該一或多個致動器形成該觸覺回饋層之一外表面之至少一部分。
- 如請求項1之以觸碰為基礎之裝置，其中該一或多個致動器係藉由一黏著劑接合至該不導電材料。
- 如請求項1之以觸碰為基礎之裝置，其中該一或多個致動器中之至少一者經組態以獨立於該一或多個致動器中的其他者而移動。
- 如請求項1之以觸碰為基礎之裝置，其中該一或多個致動器形成橫向延伸跨越該觸覺回饋層之致動器之列。
- 如請求項1之以觸碰為基礎之裝置，其進一步包含上覆於該觸覺回饋層之一覆蓋層。
- 如請求項1之以觸碰為基礎之裝置，其中該不導電材料具有一足夠高的剛性模數，以使得在一電壓供應至該一或多個致動器時該不導電材料不相對於該一或多個致動器而移動。
- 一種用於製造一觸覺回饋層之方法，其包含：配置一或多個壓電致動器以使得各該一或多個壓電致動器彼此間隔開；以一不導電材料填充該等壓電致動器之間的空間；及將一或多個力感測器耦合至該觸覺回饋層，其中該一或多個力感測器經組態以至少部分基於由該一或多個力感測器所感測之一力量來區分複數個命令。
- 如請求項14之方法，其進一步包含：將一黏著劑塗覆至該一或多個壓電致動器之一邊緣表面。
- 如請求項14之方法，其中該一或多個壓電致動器界定該觸覺回饋層之一外表面之至少一部分。
- 一種用於製造一觸覺回饋層之方法，其包含：配置一或多個壓電致動器股線以使得該一或多個壓電致動器股線彼此間隔開；以一不導電材料填充該等壓電致動器股線之間的空間以形成一板料；切割該板料以形成一觸覺回饋層；及將一或多個力感測器耦合至該觸覺回饋層，其中該一或多個力感測器經組態以至少部分基於由該一或多個力感測器所感測之一力量來區分複數個命令。
- 如請求項17之方法，其中沿垂直於該等壓電致動器股線之一延伸方向的一平面切割該板料。
- 如請求項17之方法，其中沿平行於該等壓電致動器股線之一延伸方向的一平面切割該板料。
- 如請求項19之方法，其中切割該板料以使得僅切割該等壓電致動器股線之間的該不導電材料。
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US10013058B2 (en) | 2018-07-03 |
| WO2012039876A2 (en) | 2012-03-29 |
| TW201218039A (en) | 2012-05-01 |
| US20120068957A1 (en) | 2012-03-22 |
| EP2619639A2 (en) | 2013-07-31 |
| WO2012039876A3 (en) | 2012-05-18 |
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