TW315528B - - Google Patents

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TW315528B
TW315528B TW085111461A TW85111461A TW315528B TW 315528 B TW315528 B TW 315528B TW 085111461 A TW085111461 A TW 085111461A TW 85111461 A TW85111461 A TW 85111461A TW 315528 B TW315528 B TW 315528B
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Taiwan
Prior art keywords
crystal
carrier
semiconductor
radiation
groove
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TW085111461A
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English (en)
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Siemens Ag
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Priority claimed from DE19536454A external-priority patent/DE19536454B4/de
Application filed by Siemens Ag filed Critical Siemens Ag
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Publication of TW315528B publication Critical patent/TW315528B/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L33/48—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor body packages
    • H01L33/483—Containers
    • H01L33/486—Containers adapted for surface mounting
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/02—Details
    • H01L31/02002—Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the device in operations
    • H01L31/02005—Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the device in operations for device characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/02—Details
    • H01L31/0203—Containers; Encapsulations, e.g. encapsulation of photodiodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/02—Details
    • H01L31/0232—Optical elements or arrangements associated with the device
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/02—Details
    • H01L31/024—Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or temperature compensation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L33/48—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor body packages
    • H01L33/58—Optical field-shaping elements
    • H01L33/60—Reflective elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L33/48—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor body packages
    • H01L33/64—Heat extraction or cooling elements
    • H01L33/642—Heat extraction or cooling elements characterized by the shape
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L2224/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
    • H01L2224/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
    • H01L2224/42—Wire connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
    • H01L2224/47—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors after the connecting process
    • H01L2224/48—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors after the connecting process of an individual wire connector
    • H01L2224/481—Disposition
    • H01L2224/48151—Connecting between a semiconductor or solid-state body and an item not being a semiconductor or solid-state body, e.g. chip-to-substrate, chip-to-passive
    • H01L2224/48221—Connecting between a semiconductor or solid-state body and an item not being a semiconductor or solid-state body, e.g. chip-to-substrate, chip-to-passive the body and the item being stacked
    • H01L2224/48245—Connecting between a semiconductor or solid-state body and an item not being a semiconductor or solid-state body, e.g. chip-to-substrate, chip-to-passive the body and the item being stacked the item being metallic
    • H01L2224/48247—Connecting between a semiconductor or solid-state body and an item not being a semiconductor or solid-state body, e.g. chip-to-substrate, chip-to-passive the body and the item being stacked the item being metallic connecting the wire to a bond pad of the item
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L2224/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
    • H01L2224/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
    • H01L2224/42—Wire connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
    • H01L2224/47—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors after the connecting process
    • H01L2224/48—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors after the connecting process of an individual wire connector
    • H01L2224/484—Connecting portions
    • H01L2224/48463—Connecting portions the connecting portion on the bonding area of the semiconductor or solid-state body being a ball bond
    • H01L2224/48465—Connecting portions the connecting portion on the bonding area of the semiconductor or solid-state body being a ball bond the other connecting portion not on the bonding area being a wedge bond, i.e. ball-to-wedge, regular stitch
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L2224/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
    • H01L2224/73—Means for bonding being of different types provided for in two or more of groups H01L2224/10, H01L2224/18, H01L2224/26, H01L2224/34, H01L2224/42, H01L2224/50, H01L2224/63, H01L2224/71
    • H01L2224/732—Location after the connecting process
    • H01L2224/73251—Location after the connecting process on different surfaces
    • H01L2224/73265—Layer and wire connectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L33/48—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor body packages
    • H01L33/64—Heat extraction or cooling elements
    • H01L33/647—Heat extraction or cooling elements the elements conducting electric current to or from the semiconductor body

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Led Device Packages (AREA)
  • Light Receiving Elements (AREA)
  • Container, Conveyance, Adherence, Positioning, Of Wafer (AREA)

Description

315528 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明説明（丨） 本發明係關於一種_射式發射及/或接收之半導體姐 件，其中有一輻射式發射及/或接收之半導體晶片固定 在導線架之晶片載體上，且其中該半導體晶片和至少一 部份晶片載體區域是由封裝所圍繞。 此種半導體狙件例如已揭示在歐洲專利文件EP400176 中。該文件揭示一種所IS頂端（top)LED(發光二極體）， 其中有一半導體晶片固定在導線架之平面式晶片載體上 。導線架由晶片載體和與晶片載體分開配置之連接件所 構成，各有其外部接黏。含有半導體晶片之晶片載體， , 連接件及外部接點之一部份區域由封装所圍繞，封裝包 含輻射不能穿透之基體及輻射可穿透之窗口，基體上有 凹口，窗口則填滿此凹口。晶片載體和連接件由基體所 圍繞或嵌入基體中，使晶片載體和連_接件上面之部份區 域和凹口之其餘底面成水平。半導體晶片除了其下面靠 在晶片載體上之外，半導體晶Η完全被輻射可穿透之窗 口所圍繞。完全被輻射可穿透之窗口所填滿之凹口的形 式需使其能形成半導體姐件輻射用之反射器。 本發明之目的是發展一種輻射式發射及/或接收之半 導體組件，其形式需使其有一增加之輻射強度且能Μ簡 易之方式生產。同時，此半導體組件可容易由半導體晶 片散熱。 此一目的可藉具有申請專利範圍第1項或第2項特徽 之半導體組件達成。 在申請專利範圍第1項之半導體姐件中，本發明中之 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) Τ .裝------訂 ---1— -!! I - ........ ......... 1----........... In ^m· I -I .....-I . 本紙張又度適用中國國家揉準（CNS ) Μ规格（210Χ297公釐） 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 A7 B7 五、發明説明（> ) · 晶片載體在半導體晶片固定之區域中形成一槽，槽之内 表面需設計成可形成半導體晶片發射及/或接收之輻射 所用之反射體，且晶片載體至少具有兩·涸由封裝之不同 點凸出之外部電氣接點，。 在申請專利範圍第2項之半導體組件中，本發明中之 晶片載體‘在半導體晶片固定之區域中形成一槽，槽之內 表面需設計成可形成半導蹑晶片發射及/或接收之輻射 所用之反射體，且此晶片載體之槽至少有一部份由此封 裝凸出，使晶片載體可電性及/或熱學上連接至此槽之 , 區域中。 在本發明之半導體姐件的較佳實施例中，導線架具有 晶片載體和連接件，連接件配置於雛晶片載體某一距雛 處，具有由封裝之兩相對邊·凸出之外部接點。 在本發明之半導體組件的較佳實施例中，至少晶片載 體之槽的某些内表面需以增強反射之材料塗佈。 在本發明之半導體姐件的有利實腌例中，晶片載體之 外部接點較連接件之外部接點遷寬。 在本發明之半導體组件的特別有利的實施例中，封装 上具有一個輻射不可透過之基體，基體上有凹口以及配 置在凹口內之幅射可透過之窗口，此輻射不可透過之基 體至少圍繞晶片載體之一部份區域，使至少晶Η載體中 之槽能配置在凹口中。 在本實施例之有利發展中，槽之上方*緣在凹口之上 方邊緣的下方延伸，未被槽覆蓋之凹口的内表面之一部 -4- 本紙浪尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A41格（210 X 297公釐） (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)
f 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 A7 B7 五、發明説明（4 ) 份區域設計成可形成一個反射體Μ輻射由半導體晶片所 發射之光束。 在本發明之半導體姐件的進一步有利發展中，辐射不 可透過之基體的凹口中某些內表面Μ可增強反射之材料 塗佈。 申請專利範圍之各附靨項之涉及本發明進一步之有利 發展。 f 本發明Μ下將利用與第la匾至第3圖相闞之實施例作 更詳细之說明。圖式簡單說明如下： , 第U圖顯示本發明之半専體姐件的第一實施例之平面 圖。 第lb圖顯示沿第la圖之锿A-A所示之切面圖。 第lc圓顯示沿第la圖之線B-B所示之切面疆I。 第2a画顯示本發明之半導體組件的第二實施例之平面 圖。 第2b圖顯示沿第2a圖之線C^C所示之切面匾。 第3圖顯示本發明半導體姐件的第三實胞例之切面圖。 第la圖至第lc鼸之半導體組件是一種所謂形成表面安 裝元件之頂端LED,其由金鼷導線架構成，包含晶片載體 2和連接件10,兩者均具有兩個外部連接區11,12,固定 在晶片載體2上之可輻射的半導體晶片1, K及平行管 道式之封裝3 。半導體晶H1在其上側和下側各有接觸 金靨層16,17。在下側之接觸金屬層17導電性地連接至 晶片載體2 ，例如藉金鼷焊接或導電性黏帶，在上側之 -5 - 本紙張尺度適用中國國家榡準（CNS ) A4规格（210X297公釐） __- - - ----------------- 11 H^1. in —- 5 ·, V. (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)
、1T ，線丨· 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 A7 B7 五、發明説明（* ) 接觸金靨層16藉連结線20専電性地連接至連接件10，連接 件10例如由金或其它適當之金靨材料構成。槽4例如可 藉浮凸式形成在半導體晶片1所固定之晶片載體2之區 域中，此槽之內表面5.大約近似於上下倒置之截角维形 狀且形成半導體晶片1輻射所需之反射體。晶片載體2 和連接件10兩者之外部連接區11,12各由此封裝3之相 對邊凸出且在封裝3之外部沿著封装3彎曲，首先往下 ，然後向內往封裝3之中央。然而，它們亦可具有任何 其它所希望之形式。 , 封裝3在輻射不可透過之基體7的兩個部份中產生， 基體7具有凹口 8和填滿此凹口 8之轜射可透過的窗口 9 。基體7和窗口 9由例如填入式合成樹脂或熱塑膠構 成，其分別可為透明之合成樹脂或聚合碳酸鹽。用於合 成樹脂之適當填充物例如可為金屬粉，金饜氧化物，金 鼷碳酸鹽或金鼷矽酸鹽。晶片載體2和連接件10由輻射 不可透過之基體7圍繞，或埋入基體7中，使連接件10 之部份區域和槽4所在之晶片載體2之至少一部份區域 靠在凹口 8之底部表面19上。凹口 8較槽4還深，结果 槽4完全配置在凹口 8之内且該凹口 S之内表面13往上 凸出超過槽4。 在第一實施例之較佳發展中，槽4之内表面Μ及和窗 口 9相郯之連接件10上面的可能亦為内表面之部份會被 磨光或以增強反射之材料塗佈Μ改良反射性能。可增強 反射之適當材料例如可為亮漆或鋁，可用蒸氣沈積，噴 -6 - 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標率（CNS ) Α4規格（210 X 297公釐） m i ml m n ml —^^1· £ · X (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) --'^ 315528 A7 B7 五、發明説明（f ). 鍍或其它適當之方法來腌加此種材枓。同樣地，未被晶 片載體2和連接件10覆蓋之內表面13亦可設有增強反射 之層，其结果為內表面13亦可在所希望的主輻射方向6 反射半導體晶片1所發出之輻射。在鋁或亮漆例如亦適. 合此目的，可利用上述之方法施加此二種材料。 亦可設計成使凹口 8不完全被窗口 9所填滿，而是只 有半導體晶片1和槽4或凹口 8之任何其它所期望之部 份區域被窗口所圍繞或覆蓋。同樣地，可將窗口 9製成 凸出於凹口 8之上邊緣（upper edge)。 r 為了改進半導體晶片1之熱發散，如第2a圖和第2b圖 所示（在第一實施例中之情运亦同），則晶片載體2之外 部連接區11較連接件10之外部連接區12寬是可能的。同 樣地，若需要或可能，只有一個外部連接區U或多個（ 22)外部連接區11可由晶片載體2之封裝凸出。同樣情 況適用於連接件1 0。 依據本發明第一實施例產生半導體姐件的可能方法中 ,若基體7由抗熱塑膠或其它抗高溫材料所構成，則首 先將導線架Μ基體材料封装是可能的，然後將半導體晶 片和連结線固定，最後將凹口 8 Μ窗口 9之材料填入。 第2a画和第2b画所示之第二實施例和第一實_例不同 之處只在於其晶片載體2需埋入基體7中使槽4之底壁 18由下側之基體突出。结果，可與晶Η載體2作直接之 外部接觸，例如，讨藉連结或焊接而直接連接至印刷電 路板。而且，在此實腌例中，晶片載體2之外部連接區11 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標率（CNS. ) A4規格（2丨Ο X M7公釐） (請先閎讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 裝--- 經濟部中央標隼局員工消費合作社印製 A7 B7 五、發明説明（‘） 較連接件1Q之外部連接區12寬。這些尺寸可各自或組合 起來以確保半導體晶H1有改良之熱發散。 本發明上述有關第一實施例之半導體組件的所有發展 和改良亦可在第二實施例中實現。 依據第3圖之第三實施例和上述第一實施例之不同點 為：封裝3完全由輻射可透過之材料製成，例如由透明 之合成樹脂製成。在此情況中，在第一實施例所述之所 有改良亦可適用。 第四實施例和第二實施例之所有特擻中除了封裝外， 其餘均相同，第四實施例之封裝完全由透明材料製成。 依據本發明之上述各實施例並不限於使用可輻射之半 導體晶片1,亦可使用光二極體，光電晶體和其它可接 收輻射之半導體晶片。槽4在此情況中需設計成使經由 窗口 9射入之輻射在半導體晶片之方向反射。 請 先 閲 讀^ 背， A 注 意 事· 項 填丨 I裝 頁 钉 I線 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製
·. I 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210 X 297公釐）

Claims (1)

  1. '
    經濟部中央樣隼局員工消費合作杜印复 申請專利範圍 第85111461號「光霄半導體組件」專利案（87年3月修正） ，申請專利範圍 1. 一種光電半導體组件，其傜以表面安裝元件（SMD)之 方式構成且可發射及/或接收輻射，其中發射及/或 接收輻射之半導®晶K (1)偽固定在導線架之晶Η載體 (2)上，導综架是由晶片載證（2)和連接件⑽所構成，連 接件0Q則配置於矩晶片載體（2)某一距離處，半導體晶 Η (1)及至少晶Η載體（2)之部份區域以及連接件（Ρ的 一部份傜由封裝（3)所圍嬈，其持歡為：晶片載證（2) 在半導體晶Η (1)所固定之區域中形成一槽（4),該槽 (4 )之内表面（5 )設計成一種放射體以便輻射由半導體 晶Η (1)發射及/或接收之光線；晶Η載體（2)至少有 兩個由封裝（3)上之許多點凸出之外部連接區（π)。 2. —種光電半導藶紐件，其偽以表面安裝元件（SMD)之 方式構成且可發射及/或接收輻射，其中發射及/或 接收輻射之半導體晶Η (1)傜固定在導線架之晶Κ載 體（2)上，導線架是由晶Κ載體（2)和連接件⑽所構成 ，連接件⑽則配置於距晶Η載體（2)某一距離處,半 導體晶片（1)及至少晶Η載體（2)之部份區域以及連接 件（Ρ的一部份偽由封装（3)所圍繞其特徵為：晶Η 載體（2 )在半導體晶Η (1)所固定之區域中形成一槽（4 ) ，該槽（4 )之内表面（5 )設計成一種反射體以便輻射由 -1 - 本紙張尺度逍用中國國家棵準（CNS ) Α4规格（210ΧΜ7公釐） (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本貰)
    經濟部中央揉率局員工消费合作社印— A8 B8 C8 D8六、申請專利範圍 半導體晶Μ (1)發射及/或接收之光線；晶Η載體（2) 之槽（4)至少有一部份由封裝（3)凸出，使晶Μ載疆（2) 可電性及/或熱學上連接在槽（4)之區域中。 3. 如申請專利範圍第1或第2項之半導體组件，其中導 综架包含晶Η載體（2)和配置於晶Κ載體（2)某一距離 處之連接件（10),具有兩個由封裝（3)之相對邊凸出 之外部連接區（12)。 4. 如申請專利範圍第1或第2項之半導體組件，其中至 少某些晶片載體（2 )之槽（4 )的内表面（5 )以增強反射 之材料來塗佈。 5 .如申請專利範圍第3項之半導體組件，其中晶Η載體 (2 )之外部連接區（11)較連接件（1 0 )之外部連接區（1 2 ) 還寬。 6. 如申請專利範圍第1或第2項之半導體组件，其中封 裝（1 3 )完全由輻射可透過之材料组成。 7. 如申請專利範圍第5項之半導體組件，其中封裝（13) 完全由輻射可透過之材料组成。 8. 如申請專利範圍第1或第2項之半導體組件，其中封 裝（3)有一輻射不可滲透之基體（7),基體（7)有一凹 口（8)和一配置在Η 口（8)中之射可透過的窗口（9), 且輻射不可透過之基體（7)至少封裝晶片載體（2)之一 部份區域使得至少晶Κ載體（2 )之槽（4 )配置在凹口 -2 - (請先聞讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) ^eJ m··— mjl —tfl·—— 4HH_« 11-i -l-二- m I: - - « 本紙浪尺度適用中國國家樣準（CNS ) A4规格（210 X 297公釐） C8 D8 六、申請專利範圍 (8)中。 9.如申請專利範圍第5項之半導體組件，其中封裝（3) 有一輻射不可滲透之基體（7),基β (7)有一凹口（8) 和一配置在凹口（8)中之輻射可透過的窗口（9)，且輻 射不可透過之基體（7)至少封裝晶Η載體（2)之一部份 區域使得至少晶Κ載體（2)之槽（4)配置在凹口（8) 中。 10, 如申請專利範圍第S項之半導體組件，其中槽（4)之 上邊緣（14)在凹口（8)之上邊緣（15)之下方延伸，且 未被槽（4)覆蓋之凹口的内表面（13)之部份區域需設 計成形成一反射體以輻射由半専鱧晶Η (1)所發射之 光線D 11. 如申請專利範圍第10項之半導體組件，其中至少凹口 (8)之某些内表面（13)以增強反射之材料塗佈。 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部中央梂牟局員工消費合作社印裝 本紙诙尺Α適用中國國家揉準（CNS ) Μ规格（210X297公釐）
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US20040188790A1 (en) 2004-09-30
EP0852816B1 (de) 2002-06-19
US20030155624A1 (en) 2003-08-21
US6927469B2 (en) 2005-08-09
US7199454B2 (en) 2007-04-03
MY115210A (en) 2003-04-30
EP1199753A2 (de) 2002-04-24
US6459130B1 (en) 2002-10-01
EP0852816A2 (de) 1998-07-15
WO1997012386A3 (de) 1997-05-09
US20050116238A1 (en) 2005-06-02
WO1997012386A2 (de) 1997-04-03
DE59609374D1 (de) 2002-07-25

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