TW202006168A - 製造極紫外光可圖案化硬遮罩的方法 - Google Patents

製造極紫外光可圖案化硬遮罩的方法 Download PDF

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TW202006168A
TW202006168A TW108116155A TW108116155A TW202006168A TW 202006168 A TW202006168 A TW 202006168A TW 108116155 A TW108116155 A TW 108116155A TW 108116155 A TW108116155 A TW 108116155A TW 202006168 A TW202006168 A TW 202006168A
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film
euv
tin
precursor
organometallic
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吳呈昊
蒂莫西 威廉 魏德曼
凱蒂 納迪
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美商蘭姆研究公司
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    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
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    • G03F7/20Exposure; Apparatus therefor
    • G03F7/2002Exposure; Apparatus therefor with visible light or UV light, through an original having an opaque pattern on a transparent support, e.g. film printing, projection printing; by reflection of visible or UV light from an original such as a printed image
    • G03F7/2004Exposure; Apparatus therefor with visible light or UV light, through an original having an opaque pattern on a transparent support, e.g. film printing, projection printing; by reflection of visible or UV light from an original such as a printed image characterised by the use of a particular light source, e.g. fluorescent lamps or deep UV light
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Abstract

本發明提出在半導體基板上製造EUV可圖案化之薄膜之方法,方法包括:將有機金屬前驅物之蒸氣流與逆反應物之蒸氣流混合,以形成聚合的有機金屬材料;並將類有機金屬聚合物材料沉積在半導體基板之表面上。混合及沉積操作之執行可藉由化學氣相沉積(CVD)、原子層沉積(ALD)、及ALD與CVD之組合,例如不連續的類ALD製程,其中金屬前驅物及逆反應物不論在時間上或空間上均為分離的。

Description

製造極紫外光可圖案化硬遮罩的方法
本技術係有關用於製造微影遮罩之系統及方法,微影遮罩係用於半導體製造。具體而言,本技術提供用於在基板上生成可圖案化硬遮罩之方法、裝置及組合,基板係用於半導體元件之製造。 〔相關申請案之交互參照〕
本申請案係關於2018年12月20日提出之美國臨時專利申請案第62/782,578號及2018年5月11日提出之美國臨時專利申請案第62/670,644號,並主張其優先權。其完整內容係併入本申請案中之參考資料。
在此提供之先前技術,係出於概略呈現本技術背景之目的。在此先前技術部分中所描述之範圍內,本案發明人之成果及申請時不適格做為先前技術之實施樣態,既不明確亦不暗示地被承認為對抗本技術之先前技術。
半導體元件(例如積體電路)之製造為涉及微影之多步驟製程。通常,製程包括在晶圓上沉積材料,及藉由微影技術將材料圖案化以形成半導體元件之結構特徵部(例如,接觸窗(contacts)、介層窗(vias)、互連線(interconnects)、電晶體及電路)。本領域中已知的典型微影製程之步驟包括:預備基板;施加光阻,例如藉由旋轉塗佈;以所需的圖案使光阻曝光,使光阻之曝光區域或多或少地可溶於顯影劑溶液中;藉由施加顯影劑溶液以進行顯影,去除光阻之曝光區域或未曝光區域;及後續處理,在已去除光阻之基板區域上產生特徵部,例如藉由蝕刻或材料沉積。
半導體設計之發展已經產生了在半導體基板材料上產生更小的特徵部之需求,並且已經被該能力所驅動。此技術之進步如在「摩爾定律」中所述,密集積體電路中電晶體之密度每兩年即倍增一次。實際上,晶片設計及製造已取得進展,使現代的微處理器可在單一晶片上包含數十億電晶體及其他電路特徵部。此晶片上之各特徵可為22奈米(nm)等級或更小,在一些情況下小於10nm。
在製造具有這種小特徵部之元件時,可靠地且具再現性地產生具有足夠解析度之微影遮罩是有挑戰性的。目前微影製程通常使用193nm之紫外(UV)光以曝光光阻。光波長顯著地大於希望在半導體基板上產生之特徵部尺寸之事實係產生先天上的問題。需要使用複雜的解析度增強技術,例如多重圖案化,以實現小於光波長之特徵部尺寸。因此,使用波長較短的光之光微影技術之發展係具有顯著的意義及研究成果,該波長較短的光例如極紫外輻射(EUV),具有波長在10nm至15nm,例如13.5nm。
然而,EUV光微影製程可能具有挑戰性,包括在圖案化期間之低能量輸出及漏光。當用於EUV微影時,類似於用於193nm UV微影之傳統的有機化學放大光阻(CAR)具有潛在的缺點,特別是當它們在EUV區域具有低吸收係數且光活化化學物種之擴散可能導致模糊或線邊緣粗糙。此外,為了提供在圖案化下覆的元件層時所需之蝕刻抗性,在習知的CAR材料中圖案化之小特徵部可能導致高深寬比且具有圖案坍塌之風險。因此,仍需要改進EUV光阻材料,以具有縮小的厚度、較大的吸收度、及較大的蝕刻抗性等性質。
本技術提供用於在基板上,特別是半導體基板上,製造薄膜之方法,半導體基板可使用EUV以圖案化。此種方法包括在氣相中生成聚合的有機金屬材料並沉積在基板上。具體而言,在半導體基板之表面上製造EUV可圖案化之薄膜之方法包括:將有機金屬前驅物之蒸氣流與逆反應物(counter-reactant)之蒸氣流混合,以形成聚合的有機金屬材料;並將類有機金屬聚合物材料沉積在半導體基板之表面上。在一些實施例中,蒸氣流中包含一種以上之有機金屬前驅物。在一些實施例中,蒸氣流中包含一種以上之逆反應物。在一些實施例中,混合及沉積操作係執行於連續的化學氣相沉積(CVD)中、原子層沉積(ALD)製程中、或ALD與CVD之組合中,例如不連續的類ALD製程,其中金屬前驅物及逆反應物不論在時間上或空間上均為分離的。本技術還提供了在半導體材料之表面上形成圖案之方法,包括使用經圖案化之EUV光束(通常在相對高的真空下)曝光根據本技術而製造之EUV可圖案化薄膜之區域,隨後從真空中取出晶圓並在環境空氣中執行曝光後烘烤。曝光導致一或更多曝光區域,使膜包括一或更多未曝露於EUV光之未曝光區域。可利用曝光及未曝光區域中之化學及物理差異以進一步處理覆膜之基板。
從實施方式、請求項及圖式,本技術之其他應用領域將變得顯而易見。實施方式及具體範例僅出於說明之目的,並不意圖限制本技術之範圍。
以下之技術描述僅為示例性的,例如一或更多發明之主題、製造及使用,且並非用於限制在本申請案中、或在可能主張本申請案之優先權之其他申請案或專利案中之任何特定發明之範圍、應用、或用途。在本實施方式之結尾提供協助理解本技術之術語及詞組之非限制性討論。
如上所述,本技術提供用於在半導體基板上製造聚合薄膜之方法,半導體基板可使用EUV以圖案化。這樣的方法包括在蒸汽中生成聚合的有機金屬材料並沉積在基板上。
基板可包括適用於光微影處理之任何材料構造,特別是用於積體電路及其他半導體元件之製造。在一些實施例中,基板為矽晶圓。基板可為特徵部(下覆特徵部)已形成於上之矽晶圓,具有不規則的表面形貌。(如在本文中所述,「表面」為本技術之膜在處理期間中將沉積其上之表面,或在處理期間中將曝露於EUV之表面。)這些下覆特徵部可包括在執行本技術方法之前之處理期間中已去除材料(例如,藉由蝕刻)之區域或已添加材料(例如,藉由沉積)之區域。這種先前處理可包括本技術之方法或遞迴製程中之其他處理方法,藉由上述方法在基板上形成特徵部之二或更多層。在不限制本技術之反應機制、功能或效用之情況下,相信在一些實施例中,本技術方法提供相對於本領域習知方法之優點,習知方法使用旋轉塗佈法將光微影膜沉積在基板之表面上。這樣的優點可能是源於在不「填充」或以其他方式平坦化特徵部之情況下,本技術之膜與下覆特徵部間之共形,以及在各種材料表面上沉積膜之能力。具有下覆特徵部且已有本技術之膜沉積於上之示例性表面係如圖8所描繪,圖8在如下之範例3中進一步提及。聚合薄膜
本技術提供將EUV-感光薄膜沉積在基板上之方法,這種薄膜可用作後續EUV微影及處理之光阻。這種EUV-感光薄膜包括在曝露於EUV時經受變化之材料,該變化例如為在低密度之富含M-OH之材料中損失與金屬原子鍵結之龐大的側鏈取代基,使它們交聯成較緻密的M-O-M鍵結之金屬氧化物材料。藉由EUV圖案化,產生了相對於未曝光區域具有改變的物理或化學性質之膜區域。這些性質可用於後續處理,例如溶解未曝光或曝光區域,或選擇性地將材料沉積在曝光或未曝光區域上。在一些實施例中,於執行這種後續處理之條件下,未曝光之膜具有疏水性表面,且曝光之膜具有親水性表面(應當理解,曝光及未曝光區域之親水性質係相對於彼此)。例如,可利用膜之化學組成、密度及交聯之差異以執行材料之去除。如以下之進一步描述,可藉由濕處理或乾處理而去除。
在各種實施例中,薄膜係為有機金屬材料,包括SnOx 或其他金屬氧化物部分(moiety)。有機金屬化合物可在有機金屬前驅物與逆反應物之氣相反應中生成。在各種實施例中,有機金屬化合物之形成係藉由將具有大型烷基或氟代烷基之有機金屬前驅物之特定組合與逆反應物混合,並在氣相中使上述混合物聚合以生成低密度的EUV-感光材料而沉積在基板上。
在各種實施例中,有機金屬前驅物在每一金屬原子上包括能在氣相反應之後留存之至少一烷基,而與金屬原子配位之其他配位基或離子可能被逆反應物取代。有機金屬前驅物包括具有化學式如: Ma Rb Lc (化學式1) 其中:M為具有高EUV吸收橫剖面之金屬;R為烷基,例如Cn H2n + 1 ,其中n ≥ 3為優選的;L為與逆反應物反應之配位基、離子或其他部分;a ≥ 1;b ≥ 1;且c ≥ 1。
在各種實施例中,M具有等於或大於1×107 cm2 /mol之原子吸收橫剖面。 M可為,例如,選自於由錫、鉍、銻、及其組合所構成之群組。在一些實施例中,M為錫。 R可被氟化,例如具有化學式Cn Fx H(2n + 1) 。在各種實施例中,R具有至少一β-氫或β-氟。例如,R可選自於由異丙基、正丙基、叔丁基、異丁基、正丁基、仲丁基、正戊基、異戊基、叔戊基、仲戊基及其混合物所構成之群組。 L可為易於被逆反應物取代而產生M-OH部分之任何部分,例如選自於由胺(例如二烷基胺基、單烷基胺基)、烷氧基、羧酸鹽、鹵素及其混合物所構成之群組之部分。
有機金屬前驅物可為各種候選的金屬-有機前驅物中之任何一者。例如,當M是錫時,這種前驅物包括叔丁基三(二甲基胺基)錫、異丁基三(二甲基胺基)錫、正丁基三(二甲基胺基)錫、仲丁基三(二甲基胺基)錫、異丙基三(二甲基胺基)錫、正丙基三(二乙基胺基)錫、及類似的烷基三(叔丁氧基)錫化合物,例如叔丁基三(叔丁氧基)錫。在一些實施例中,有機金屬前驅物為部分氟化的。
逆反應物優選地具有能取代反應性部分配位基或離子(例如,上述化學式1中之L)之能力,以便以化學鍵結連接至少兩個金屬原子。逆反應物可包括水、過氧化物(例如過氧化氫)、二羥基或多羥基醇、氟化二羥基或氟化多羥基醇、氟化乙二醇、及其他羥基部分來源。在各種實施例中,逆反應物藉由在相鄰金屬原子之間形成氧架橋以與有機金屬前驅物反應。其他有潛力的逆反應物包括硫化氫及二硫化氫,它們可藉由硫架橋而交聯金屬原子。形成聚合的有機金屬材料之示例性製程係描繪在圖1中。
除了有機金屬前驅物及逆反應物之外,薄膜可包括任選的材料,以修飾膜之化學或物理性質,例如修飾膜對EUV之敏感性或增強蝕刻抗性。這種任選材料可被引入,例如藉由在沉積在基板上之前之氣相形成期間、在膜之沉積之後、或兩者之摻雜。在一些實施例中,可引入溫和的遠程H2 電漿以便藉由Sn-H取代一些Sn-L鍵結,這可增加EUV下之光阻之反應性。膜沉積
圖2中描繪了用於沉積及處理本技術之膜之示例性製程。在一些實施例中,方法包括預處理1以改善膜與基板之黏附性。隨後可在基板上執行EUV膜之沉積處理2。
在各種實施例中,使用本領域習知的氣相沉積設備及製程以在基板上製造並沉積EUV可圖案化之膜。在這些製程中,聚合的有機金屬材料在氣相中或原位上(in situ )地形成在基板表面上。合適的製程包括例如化學氣相沉積(CVD)、原子層沉積(ALD)、及ALD與CVD之組合,例如不連續的類ALD製程,其中金屬前驅物及逆反應物不論在時間上或空間上均為分離的。
通常,方法包括將有機金屬前驅物之蒸汽流與逆反應物之蒸汽流混合,以形成聚合的有機金屬材料,並將有機金屬材料沉積在半導體基板之表面上。如熟悉此項技術者所應當理解的,製程之混合及沉積態樣可在基本上連續的製程中同時進行。
在示例性的連續CVD製程中,在分開的引入口路徑中,將有機金屬前驅物及逆反應物源之二或更多氣流引入CVD設備之沉積室,其中它們在氣相中混合及反應 ,以形成附聚的聚合材料(例如,藉由金屬-氧-金屬鍵結之形成)。例如,可使用分離的注入引入口或雙增壓噴淋頭以引入氣流。該設備係配置以使逆反應物及有機金屬前驅物之氣流在腔室中混合,使有機金屬前驅物及逆反應物反應以形成聚合的有機金屬材料。在不限制本技術之反應機制、功能或效用之情況下,相信來自這種氣相反應之產物之分子量將變得較大,因為金屬原子藉由逆反應物而交聯,隨後縮合或以其他方式沉積在基板上。在各種實施例中,大型烷基之立體障礙會阻止緻密堆積網狀物之形成並生成多孔的低密度膜。
CVD製程通常在較低的壓力下執行,例如10 milliTorr至10 Torr。在一些實施例中,該製程在0.5至2 Torr下執行。基板之溫度優選地等於或低於反應物氣流之溫度。例如,基板溫度可為0℃至250℃,或環境溫度(例如,23℃)至150℃。在各種製程中,聚合的有機金屬材料在基板上之沉積以與表面溫度成反比之速率發生。
形成在基板表面上之EUV可圖案化之膜之厚度可能根據表面特性、所用材料、及加工條件而變化。在各種實施例中,膜厚度可在0.5nm至100nm之範圍內,並優選地具有足夠的厚度以在EUV圖案化之條件下吸收大部分之EUV光。例如,光阻膜之總吸收率可為30%或更低(例如,10%或更低、或5%或更低),使光阻膜底部之光阻材料充分曝光。在一些實施例中,膜厚度為10至20nm。在不限制本技術之反應機制、功能或效用之情況下,相信與本領域之濕製程、旋轉塗佈製程不同,本技術之製程對基板之表面黏合性質之限制較少,因此可適用於各種基板。此外,如上所述,沉積之膜可緊密地貼合表面特徵部,在不「填充」或以其他方式平坦化特徵部之情況下,在形成遮罩於基板(例如,具有下覆特徵部之基板)上時提供優點。EUV 圖案化
本技術還提供藉由將膜之一區域暴露於EUV光以將沉積之膜圖案化之方法。進一步參考圖2,圖案化處理4可接續在膜之任選的沉積後烘烤處理3之後。在這種圖案化中,光聚焦在覆膜基板之一或更多區域上。通常執行對EUV之曝光,將使膜包括一或更多未曝露於EUV光之區域。所得到之膜可包括複數曝光及未曝光區域,產生與半導體元件之電晶體或其他特徵部之生成一致的圖案,該圖案藉由在膜及基板之後續處理中從基板添加或去除材料以形成。可用於在本文中之EUV裝置及成像方法包括在本領域習知的方法。
具體而言,如上所述,藉由EUV圖案化以產生膜之區域,其相對於未曝光區域具有改變的物理或化學性質。例如,在曝光區域,可藉由β-氫化物消除以發生金屬-碳鍵結之斷裂,留下具反應性及可接近之金屬氫化物官能團,其可藉由金屬-氧架橋轉化為氫氧化物及交聯的金屬氧化物部分,這可用於產生化學對比度,作為負型光阻或作為硬遮罩之模板。通常,烷基中較多數量之β-H將導致較敏感的膜。曝光後,可烘烤膜,以引起金屬氧化物膜之附加的交聯。該反應化學如圖1、3及4所描繪。曝光及未曝光區域之間之性質差異可利用於後續處理,例如溶解未曝光區域或在曝光區域上沉積材料。
這些方法可用於以不同方式進行圖案化。進一步參考圖2,在一些實施例中,曝光後烘烤處理5可促進在負型光阻方法中膜內烷基之去除。這種負型光阻方法如圖3所描繪。在不限制本技術之反應機制、功能或效用之情況下,EUV曝光,例如,劑量為10 mJ/cm2 至100 mJ/cm2 ,可緩和立體障礙並提供低密度膜坍塌之空間。此外,在β-氫化物消除反應中產生之具反應性的金屬-H鍵結可與相鄰的活性基團(例如膜中之羥基)反應,導致進一步之交聯及緻密化,並在曝光及未曝光區域之間產生化學對比度。
隨後,此材料對比度可用於後續處理,如圖2所示。此處理6可包括濕顯影、乾顯影或區域選擇性ALD。例如濕顯影或乾顯影製程可去除未曝光區域並留下曝光區域。
在濕顯影製程中,曝光區域中之化學變化導致形成更多的交聯材料,其具有較大的分子量並在選擇性有機溶劑中之溶解度顯著降低。可藉由使用合適的有機溶劑,例如異丙醇、乙酸正丁酯、或2-庚酮,以去除非交聯區域。膜之乾沉積之意料之外的好處為薄膜係完全可溶。在不限制本技術之反應機制、功能或效用之情況下,此好處可能與沉積期間發生之氣相聚合/縮合有關,可能形成易溶於所選溶劑之環狀寡聚物。
還可利用與組成、交聯程度、及膜密度相關的差異以進行選擇性乾蝕刻。在本技術之一些實施例中,將本技術之膜以氣相沉積在基板上。隨後藉由EUV之曝光直接對膜進行圖案化,並使用乾式方法來顯影圖案以形成含金屬氧化物之遮罩。在這些製程中有用的方法及設備係描述於由Volosskiy等人於2008年12月20日提出之美國專利申請案第62/782,578號中(併入本文中之參考資料)。
這種乾顯影製程可藉由使用溫和的電漿 (高壓、低能量)或熱製程,並同時流動乾顯影化學物例如BCl3 (三氯化硼)或其他路易斯酸來完成。在一些實施例中,BCl3 能快速去除未曝光之材料,留下曝光膜之圖案,該圖案可藉由基於電漿之蝕刻製程,例如習知的蝕刻製程,以轉移至下覆層中。
電漿製程包括變壓器耦合電漿(TCP)、電感耦合電漿 (ICP)或電容耦合電漿(CCP),採用本領域習知的那些設備及技術。例如,可在>5 mT(例如,> 15 mT)之壓力下,以>1000 W(例如,>500 W)之功率水平以執行製程。溫度可為0至300℃(例如,30至120℃),流速為100至1000標準立方厘米每分鐘(sccm),例如約500 sccm,持續1至3000秒(例如,10-600秒)。
在熱顯影製程中,將基板在真空室(例如烘箱)中暴露於乾顯影化學物(例如路易斯酸)。合適的腔室可包括真空管線、乾顯影化學氣體(例如BCl3 )管線、及用於控制溫度之加熱器。在一些實施例中,腔室內部可塗佈有抗腐蝕膜,例如有機聚合物或無機塗層。一種這樣的塗層為聚四氟乙烯((PTFE),例如Teflon 1M)。這種材料可用於此技術之熱製程,而不具被電漿暴露給去除之風險。
在各種實施例中,本技術方法藉由氣相沉積、(EUV)微影光圖案化及乾顯影以組合所有乾式的膜形成步驟。在這樣的製程中,在EUV掃描機中進行光圖案化之後,基板可直接進入乾顯影/蝕刻室。這些製程可避免與濕顯影相關的材料及生產成本。或者,可在顯影室或另一腔室中執行曝光後烘烤步驟,在此期間曝光區域經受進一步交聯以形成較緻密的類SnO網狀物。
在不限制本技術之反應機制、功能或效用之情況下,本技術之乾製程可提供相對於本領域已知的那些濕顯影製程之各種益處。例如,使用在本文中所述之乾氣相沉積技術比使用旋轉塗佈技術可沉積較薄及較無缺陷之膜,並且可簡單地藉由增加或減少沉積步驟或序列之長短,以調節及控制沉積膜之精確厚度。因此,乾製程可提供較多的可調性並提供進一步的臨界尺寸(CD)控制及渣滓(scum)去除。乾顯影可改善性能(例如,防止因濕顯影中之表面張力而引起之線坍塌)及提高產量(例如,藉由避免濕顯影機)。其他優點可包括排除有機溶劑顯影劑之使用、降低對黏附問題之敏感性、及減少基於溶解度之限制。
如圖4所描繪,EUV圖案化薄膜亦可作為用於硬遮罩之區域選擇性沉積之模板。在一些實施例中,從已沉積的有機金屬聚合物膜中去除表面烷基,可產生具有複數反應性表面部分之複數區域之圖案,該等反應性表面部分可用於與施加至基板表面之第二材料(例如金屬氧化物前驅物)結合。這些圖案可包括親水性氫化物或氫氧化物暴露表面,及由疏水性的、大型的烷基基團所覆蓋之未曝光區域。這些製程使用相對低劑量之EUV光(例如,1 mJ/cm2 至40 mJ/cm2 )。這可藉由表面驅動製程(例如原子層沉積(ALD)及無電鍍沉積(ELD))以實現第二材料之選擇性沉積。
例如,藉由ALD之硬遮罩之形成係為表面驅動製程,需要成核位點,例如前驅物可吸附之羥基。在未曝光區域中,表面用大型的烷基封端,大型的烷基對ALD為惰性的且起到空間上阻斷羥基之作用。另一方面,曝光區域覆蓋有活性氫化物及/或羥基官能基,可用作ALD製程之成核位點。表面反應性之差異可用於在曝光區域上選擇性地沉積抗蝕刻材料,產生硬遮罩,用於可能的乾蝕刻/乾顯影。對於此應用,在EUV曝光下僅需要除去表面烷基。所需的ALD膜厚度之範圍可為0.5 nm-30 nm。 ALD前驅物亦可擴散至曝光之光阻中並在曝光區域內成核。 ALD可為金屬或金屬氧化物膜,且ALD沉積溫度可在30℃-500℃之範圍內,例如30℃-210℃。光阻膜厚度之範圍在0.5 nm-40 nm可為合適的。在一些實施例中,較厚的膜可提供一些優點,因為光阻膜坍塌可用以防止ALD膜之蕈狀結構(mushrooming)。為了將圖案轉移至下覆層中,可使用電漿蝕刻製程。例如,對於Sn-基底之CVD光阻膜,可使用H2 或H2 /CH4 電漿以去除未曝光之光阻材料。
藉由以下之非限制性實施例以進一步說明本技術之實施例。範例 1
使用叔丁基三(二甲基胺基)錫作為有機金屬前驅物及水蒸氣作為逆反應物,利用CVD製程將EUV可圖案化之膜沉積在三個矽晶圓基板上。基板和沉積室壁保持在約70℃之溫度。該製程在約2 Torr之壓力下執行。
使用氬氣載氣以約200標準立方厘米/分鐘之流速通過起泡器以將有機金屬前驅物引入沉積室。逆反應物是水,使用蒸發器以約50 mg/分鐘輸送。藉由兩個分離的注入引入口將前驅物引入沉積室,隨後在基板上方的空間中混合。
聚合的有機金屬膜沉積在基板表面上,具有約40 nm之厚度,如下進一步描述。隨後將基板在150℃下烘烤2分鐘,並在2-庚酮中顯影約15秒,隨後使用相同的溶劑進行15秒之清洗。圖5a、5b及5c為顯影後之基板之掃描式電子顯微鏡圖像。
具體而言,在勞倫斯伯克利國家實驗室(LBNL)之微場曝光工具3(MET3)中使用EUV以約72 mJ/cm2之曝光而圖案化複數基板中之兩者,以在膜之表面上界定1:1之線/間隔特徵部,分別具有32 nm及80 nm半節距。所得基板之圖像分別顯示在圖5a及5b中。使用EUV以約60 mJ/cm2 之曝光以圖案化第三基板,以在膜之表面上界定34 nm之接觸通孔。所得基板之圖像顯示在圖5c中。範例 2
使用異丙基三(二甲基胺基)錫作為有機金屬前驅物及水蒸氣作為逆反應物,使用CVD製程將EUV可圖案化之膜沉積在兩個矽晶圓基板上。第二矽晶圓具有50nm之無定形碳下層。基板及沉積 室壁保持在約70℃之溫度。該製程在約2 Torr之壓力下執行。
使用氬氣載氣以約25標準立方厘米/分鐘之流速通過起泡器以將有機金屬前驅物引入沉積室。使用蒸發器以約50 mg/分鐘輸送逆反應物。兩前驅物藉由雙增壓噴淋頭中之兩組分離的路徑引入沉積室,隨後在基板上方的空間中混合。噴淋頭之溫度設定在85°C。
聚合的有機金屬膜沉積在基板表面上,在兩個晶圓上具有約20nm之厚度。在Paul Scherrer Institut(PSI)之EUV干涉微影(EUV-IL)工具中使用EUV以約75-80 mJ/cm2 之曝光而圖案化第一晶圓,以在膜之表面上界定1:1之線/間隔特徵部,具有26及24 nm節距。隨後在勞倫斯伯克利國家實驗室(LBNL)之微場曝光工具3(MET3)中使用EUV以約64 mJ/cm2 之曝光而圖案化具有無定形碳下層之第二晶圓,以在膜之表面上界定1:1之線/間隔特徵部,具有36 nm節距。隨後將兩基板在約180℃下烘烤約2分鐘,並在2-庚酮中顯影約15秒,隨後使用相同的溶劑進行15秒之清洗。隨後使用氦/氧電漿製程將第二矽晶圓上之濕顯影圖案轉移至50 nm碳下層中。圖6a及6b為顯影後之第一基板之掃描式電子顯微鏡圖像,其中圖6a顯示具有26 nm節距之特徵部之基板,曝光量為76 mJ/cm2 ,及圖6b顯示具有24 nm節距之特徵部之基板,曝光量為79 mJ/cm2 。圖7a及7b為顯影後(圖7a)及圖案轉移後(圖7b)之第二基板之掃描式電子顯微鏡圖像。範例 3
使用異丙基三(二甲基胺基)錫作為有機金屬前驅物及水蒸氣作為逆反應物,使用CVD製程將EUV可圖案化之膜沉積在矽晶圓基版上。矽晶圓在沉積之前具有50 nm深之線/間隔形貌。沉積條件與範例2中描述之製程相同。
聚合的有機金屬膜沉積在基板表面上,具有約10 nm之厚度,覆蓋在矽晶圓上之形貌。具有現成形貌之晶圓在Paul Scherrer Institut(PSI)之EUV干涉微影(EUV-IL)工具中使用EUV以約70 mJ/cm2 之曝光而圖案化,以界定1:1之線/間隔特徵部,具有32 nm、28 nm及26 nm三種不同節距。隨後將基板在190℃下烘烤2分鐘並在2-庚酮中顯影約15秒,隨後使用相同的溶劑進行15秒之清洗。圖8a、8b及8c為顯影後在節距為32 nm(圖8a)、28nm(圖8b)、及26nm(圖8c)之矽形貌上曝印出之光阻線/間隔圖案之掃描式電子顯微鏡圖像。術語之非限制性討論
以上描述在本質上僅為說明性的,絕非意圖限制本技術、其應用、或用途。本技術之廣泛教示可以各種形式實施。因此,儘管本技術包括特定範例,但本技術之真實範圍不應受此限制,因為在研究圖式、說明書、及所附請求項後,其他修改將變得顯而易見。
在本文中所用之標題(例如「先前技術」及「發明內容」)及子標題僅用於在本技術內之主題之一般架構,並不限制本技術之範圍或其中之任何態樣。具體而言,在「先前技術」中揭露之主題可包括新穎技術,且可不構成先前技術之敘述。在「發明內容」中揭露之主題不為本技術之全部範圍或本技術任何實施例之詳盡或完整的技術。本說明書之一部分內對材料之分類或討論係出於方便起見,且當該材料在任何給定的組合中使用時,不應推斷該材料必須或僅能根據該材料在本文中之分類而作用。
應當理解,方法中之一或更多步驟可以不同的順序(或同時)執行,而不改變本技術之原理。此外,儘管上述每一實施例均具有特定特徵,但關於本技術之任何實施例中所述之該等特徵中之任何一或多者,可在任何其他實施例中實現及/或與任何其他實施例中之特徵組合,即使該組合未經明確地描述。換言之,所述之實施例並非相互排斥,且一或更多實施例之彼此交換仍然在本技術之範圍內。例如,可為A、B、C、D、或E或其組合之組成,在一些實施例中亦可被定義為A、B、C或其組合。
當使用在本文中時,A、B及C中至少一者之說法,應該被詮釋為使用非排他性邏輯「或」並意指邏輯(A 或 B 或 C),且不應被詮釋為意指:「至少一A、至少一B、及至少一C」。
當使用在本文中時,詞語“優選的”或“可優選的”意指本技術之實施例在特定情況下所提供之特定益處。然而,在相同或其他情況下,其他實施例亦可為優選的。此外,對一或更多優選的實施例之描述並不意味著其他實施例為無用的,且不將其他實施例排除在本技術之範圍外。
當使用在本文中時,詞語“包括”及其變體為非限制性的,因此所列項目之敘述並不排除在本技術中之材料、組合、裝置、及方法中亦可有效的其他類似項目。類似地,詞語“能夠”及“可”及其變體為非限制性的,因此實施例能夠或可包括某些元件或特徵部之敘述,並不排除不包含那些元件或特徵部之本技術其他實施例。
雖然在本文中使用開放式詞語「包括」作為非限制性詞語(例如包含、含有、或具有)之同義詞以描述及主張本技術之實施例,但可替換使用更多的限制性詞語(例如「由......構成」或「基本上由......構成」)以描述實施例。因此,對於敘述到材料、構件或製程步驟之任何給定的實施例,本技術亦具體地包括由這些材料、構件或製程所構成之實施例,並排除額外的材料、構件或製程;或包括基本上由這些材料、構件或製程所構成之實施例,並排除會影響實施例之重要性質之額外的材料、構件或製程,即使在本申請案中沒有明確地敘述這些額外的材料、構件或製程。例如,敘述元件A、B及C之組成或過程之敘述係具體地設想成由A、B及C所構成或基本上由A、B及C所構成之實施例,並排除可在本領域中被敘述之元件D,儘管在本文中並未明確地描述元件D為被排除。此外,當使用在本文中時,詞組「基本上由」所述材料或組成所「構成」,係設想成實施例「由」所述材料或組成所「構成」。
在本文中所使用之「一」表示該項目存在「至少一者」;在可能的情況下,可存在複數此項目。
在本文中所述之數值應理解為近似的,並被解釋為大約為所述之數值,無論該數值是否使用詞語「約」以修飾。因此,例如參數可具有數值「X」之敘述應被解釋為該參數可具有數值「約X」。當使用「約」於數值時,表示計算或測量容許數值之略微不精確(靠近該數值之精確;近似地或合理地接近該數值;幾乎)。如果由於某些原因,「約」所述之不精確性並未在本領域中以這種一般含義所理解,那麼在本文中所用之「約」表示可能由製造、測量或使用材料、元件或其他適用於計算或測量之對象之一般方法所產生之變化。
當提及在本文中時,除非另有說明,否則範圍包括端點並包括所有不同數值及在整個範圍內進一步劃分之範圍。因此,例如「從A至B」或「從大約A至大約B」之範圍包括A及B。此外,「從大約A至大約B」之說法包括A及B之數值之變化,數值可略小於A且略大於B;該說法可解讀為「約為A,從A至B,且約為B」。特定參數(例如溫度、分子量、重量百分比等)之數值及數值範圍之技術,不排除其他可用於本文中之數值及數值範圍。
亦可設想,對於給定參數之二或更多特定的示例性數值亦可界定用於主張該參數之數值範圍之端點。例如,如果參數X在本文中示例性地具有數值A且示例性地具有數值Z,則可設想為參數X可具有從大約A至大約Z之數值範圍。類似地,設想參數之二或更多數值範圍(無論這些範圍為嵌套的、重疊的或不同的)之技術包括所有數值範圍之可能組合,數值可用所揭露之範圍之端點以主張。例如,如果參數X在本文中示例性地具有1-10、或2-9、或3-8之數值範圍,則亦可設想參數X可具有其他數值範圍,包括1-9、1- 8、1-3、1-2、2-10、2-8、2-3、3-10、及3-9。
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從實施方式及伴隨之圖式,將更全面地理解本技術,其中: 圖1描繪本技術之示例性化學反應方案。 圖2為描繪本技術之用於沉積及處理膜之示例性製程之態樣之流程圖。 圖3描繪根據本技術以製造EUV界定之圖案之示例性製程。 圖4描繪根據本技術而用於產生圖案之另一示例性製程。 圖5a、圖5b、及圖5c提供根據範例1而製造之示例性基板之掃描式電子顯微鏡圖像,示例性基板具有使用本技術方法而製造之圖案化特徵部。 圖6a及圖6b提供根據範例2而製造之示例性基板之掃描式電子顯微鏡圖像,示例性基板具有使用本技術方法而製造之圖案化特徵部。 圖7a及圖7b提供根據範例2而製造之附加的示例性基板之掃描式電子顯微鏡圖像,示例性基板具有使用本技術方法而製造之圖案化特徵部。 圖8提供根據範例3而製造之具有下覆特徵部之示例性基板之掃描式電子顯微鏡圖像,示例性基板具有使用本技術方法而製造之圖案化特徵部。
Figure 108116155-A0101-11-0002-1
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Claims (20)

  1. 一種用於在基板之表面上製造EUV可圖案化膜之方法,包括: 將一有機金屬前驅物之一蒸氣流與一逆反應物之一蒸氣流混合,以形成聚合的一有機金屬材料;及 將該有機金屬材料沉積在該基板之該表面上以形成該EUV可圖案化膜。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項之用於在基板之表面上製造EUV可圖案化膜之方法,其中該有機金屬前驅物具有化學式 Ma Rb Lc 其中:M為具有等於或大於1×107 cm2 /mol之一原子吸收橫剖面之一金屬;R為一烷基,具有化學式Cn H2n + 1 ,其中n ≥ 3;L為與該逆反應物反應之一配位基、離子或其他部分(moiety);a ≥ 1;b ≥ 1;且c ≥ 1。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第2項之用於在基板之表面上製造EUV可圖案化膜之方法,其中M係選自於由錫、鉍、銻、及其組合所構成之群組; R係選自於由異丙基、正丙基、叔丁基、異丁基、正丁基、仲丁基、異戊基、正戊基、叔戊基、仲戊基及其混合物所構成之群組; L係選自於由胺、烷氧基、羧酸鹽、鹵素及其混合物所構成之群組。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第1項或第3項之用於在基板之表面上製造EUV可圖案化膜之方法,其中該有機金屬前驅物為叔丁基三(二甲基胺基)錫、異丁基三(二甲基胺基)錫、正丁基三(二甲基胺基)錫、仲丁基三(二甲基胺基)錫、異丙基三(二甲基胺基)錫、正丙基三(二乙基胺基)錫、及類似的烷基三(叔丁氧基)錫化合物。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第1項至第3項其中任一項之用於在基板之表面上製造EUV可圖案化膜之方法,其中該有機金屬前驅物係部分地氟化。
  6. 如申請專利範圍第1項至第3項其中任一項之用於在基板之表面上製造EUV可圖案化膜之方法,其中該逆反應物係選自於由水、過氧化氫、二羥基或多羥基醇、硫化氫、二硫化氫、三氟乙醛一水合物、氟化二羥基醇或氟化多羥基醇、及氟化乙二醇所構成之群組。
  7. 如申請專利範圍第1項至第3項其中任一項之用於在基板之表面上製造EUV可圖案化膜之方法,其中該混合及沉積係執行於一連續化學氣相沉積製程中。
  8. 如申請專利範圍第1項至第3項其中任一項之用於在基板之表面上製造EUV可圖案化膜之方法,其中該基板包括下覆的形貌特徵部。
  9. 一種在半導體基板之表面上形成微影遮罩前驅物之方法,包括: 將一有機金屬前驅物之一蒸氣流與一逆反應物之一蒸氣流混合,以形成聚合的一有機金屬材料; 在該半導體基板之該表面上沉積該有機金屬材料以形成一EUV可圖案化膜; 可選地,加熱該膜; 將該EUV可圖案化膜之一區域曝露於EUV光以形成一曝光膜區域,使該EUV可圖案化膜亦包括未曝露於該EUV光之一未曝光膜區域;及 可選地加熱該EUV可圖案化膜以形成包括該曝光區域及該未曝光區域之一遮罩前驅物。
  10. 如申請專利範圍第9項之用於在半導體基板之表面上形成微影遮罩前驅物之方法,其中該遮罩前驅物之該曝光區域為不可溶於選定的一溶劑,且該遮罩前驅物之該未曝光區域可溶於該溶劑中。
  11. 如申請專利範圍第10項之用於在半導體基板之表面上形成微影遮罩前驅物之方法,更包括用該溶劑去除該遮罩前驅物之該未曝光區域。
  12. 如申請專利範圍第9項或第10項之用於在半導體基板之表面上形成微影遮罩前驅物之方法,其中該遮罩前驅物之該曝光區域包括具反應性的表面部分。
  13. 如申請專利範圍第12項之用於在半導體基板之表面上形成微影遮罩前驅物之方法,更包括在該曝光區域之該表面上選擇性地沉積一第二材料,其中在該曝光區域及該未曝光區域之間之溶解度對比及蝕刻選擇性將 增加。
  14. 如申請專利範圍第13項之用於在半導體基板之表面上形成微影遮罩前驅物之方法,其中該第二材料之該沉積係使用一原子層沉積製程以執行。
  15. 如申請專利範圍第9項或第14項之用於在半導體基板之表面上形成微影遮罩前驅物之方法,更包括在該曝光後進行該EUV可圖案化膜之乾顯影。
  16. 如申請專利範圍第9-11項其中任一項之用於在半導體基板之表面上形成微影遮罩前驅物之方法,其中該有機金屬前驅物具有化學式 Ma Rb Lc 其中:M為具有等於或大於1×107 cm2 /mol之一原子吸收橫剖面之一金屬;R為一烷基,具有化學式Cn H2n + 1 ,其中n ≥ 3;L為與該逆反應物反應之一配位基、離子或其他部分;a ≥ 1;b ≥ 1;且c ≥ 1。
  17. 如申請專利範圍第16項之用於在半導體基板之表面上形成微影遮罩前驅物之方法,其中M係選自於由錫、鉍、銻、及其組合所構成之群組; R係選自於由異丙基、正丙基、叔丁基、異丁基、正丁基、仲丁基、異戊基、正戊基、叔戊基、仲戊基及其混合物所構成之群組; L係選自於由胺、烷氧基、羧酸鹽、鹵素及其混合物所構成之群組。
  18. 如申請專利範圍第9-11項其中任一項之用於在半導體基板之表面上形成微影遮罩前驅物之方法,其中該有機金屬前驅物為叔丁基三(二甲基胺基)錫、異丁基三(二甲基胺基)錫、正丁基三(二甲基胺基)錫、仲丁基三(二甲基胺基)錫、異丙基三(二甲基胺基)錫、正丙基三(二乙基胺基)錫、及類似的烷基三(叔丁氧基)錫化合物。
  19. 一種用於在半導體基板之表面上形成微影遮罩前驅物之方法,包括: (a) 將一有機金屬前驅物之一蒸氣流與一逆反應物之一蒸氣流混合,以形成聚合的一有機金屬材料,其中 (i) 該有機金屬前驅物具有化學式 Ma Rb Lc 其中:M為具有等於或大於1×107 cm2 /mol之一原子吸收橫剖面之一金屬;R為一烷基,具有化學式Cn H2n + 1 ,其中n ≥ 3;L為與該逆反應物反應之一配位基、離子或其他部分;a ≥ 1;b ≥ 1;且c ≥ 1;及 (ii) 該逆反應物係選自於由水、過氧化物、二羥基醇或多羥基醇、氟化二羥基醇或氟化多羥基醇、氟化乙二醇、及其混合物所構成之群組; (b) 在該半導體基板之該表面上沉積該有機金屬材料以形成一EUV可圖案化膜; (c) 可選地,加熱該膜; (d) 將該EUV可圖案化膜之一區域曝露於EUV光以形成一曝光膜區域,使該EUV可圖案化膜亦包括未曝露於該EUV光之一未曝光膜區域;及 (e) 乾顯影該EUV可圖案化膜。
  20. 如申請專利範圍第9-11項及第19項其中任一項之用於在半導體基板之表面上形成微影遮罩前驅物之方法,其中該有機金屬前驅物係部分地氟化。
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