LV10878B - Treatment of hides, skins or leather by using selected amphiphilic copolymers - Google Patents

Treatment of hides, skins or leather by using selected amphiphilic copolymers Download PDF

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Publication number
LV10878B
LV10878B LVP-93-918A LV930918A LV10878B LV 10878 B LV10878 B LV 10878B LV 930918 A LV930918 A LV 930918A LV 10878 B LV10878 B LV 10878B
Authority
LV
Latvia
Prior art keywords
copolymer
μπμ
bec
tanned
leather
Prior art date
Application number
LVP-93-918A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
LV10878A (lv
Inventor
Patricia Marie Lesko
Thomas Stewart
Mma Anton Georges Ela
Original Assignee
Rohm & Haas
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Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=23067974&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=LV10878(B) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Rohm & Haas filed Critical Rohm & Haas
Publication of LV10878A publication Critical patent/LV10878A/lv
Publication of LV10878B publication Critical patent/LV10878B/lv

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
    • C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
    • C08F220/04—Acids; Metal salts or ammonium salts thereof
    • C08F220/06—Acrylic acid; Methacrylic acid; Metal salts or ammonium salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F210/00—Copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
    • C08F210/14—Monomers containing five or more carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F218/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid or of a haloformic acid
    • C08F218/02—Esters of monocarboxylic acids
    • C08F218/12—Esters of monocarboxylic acids with unsaturated alcohols containing three or more carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
    • C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
    • C08F220/10—Esters
    • C08F220/12—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols
    • C08F220/16—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms
    • C08F220/18—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms with acrylic or methacrylic acids
    • C08F220/1804—C4-(meth)acrylate, e.g. butyl (meth)acrylate, isobutyl (meth)acrylate or tert-butyl (meth)acrylate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
    • C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
    • C08F220/10—Esters
    • C08F220/12—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols
    • C08F220/16—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms
    • C08F220/18—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms with acrylic or methacrylic acids
    • C08F220/1818—C13or longer chain (meth)acrylate, e.g. stearyl (meth)acrylate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
    • C12Q1/001—Enzyme electrodes
    • C12Q1/004—Enzyme electrodes mediator-assisted
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C14—SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER
    • C14C—CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF HIDES, SKINS OR LEATHER, e.g. TANNING, IMPREGNATING, FINISHING; APPARATUS THEREFOR; COMPOSITIONS FOR TANNING
    • C14C3/00—Tanning; Compositions for tanning
    • C14C3/02—Chemical tanning
    • C14C3/28—Multi-step processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C14—SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER
    • C14C—CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF HIDES, SKINS OR LEATHER, e.g. TANNING, IMPREGNATING, FINISHING; APPARATUS THEREFOR; COMPOSITIONS FOR TANNING
    • C14C9/00—Impregnating leather for preserving, waterproofing, making resistant to heat or similar purposes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31855—Of addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
    • Y10T428/31931—Polyene monomer-containing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31855—Of addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
    • Y10T428/31935—Ester, halide or nitrile of addition polymer

Description

LV 10878
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OcHOBHbiMM MHrpaflMeHTaMM, ncnonb3yeMbiMM npkt o6pa6oTKe >KnpoBoii 3Mynbcneii, ΒΒπηιοτοη HepacTBopHMbie b Bone Macna m >KnpoBbie BemecTBa, Taxne Kax cbipbie (HeoHmueHHbie) Macna m cynb0npOBaHHbie m cynb$MTMpoBaHHbie Macna. 06biHHO BecoBoft npoueHT >κμρκογο >KMpa (Ha BecoBoe KoniinecTBO ko>km) cocTaBnneT ot 3 no 10%. Cnoco6 pacnpepeneHMB Macna no κο>κβ βπμβθτ Ha xapaKTep kojkm m nocnepyiomMe OTpenosHbie onepapmi. Jļnn ποπγπβΗΜη ορηορορηογο >KnpoBoro (MacnnHoro) ποκρμτμβ Ha 6onbuinx ynacTKax βοποκοη ko>km ΗβοδχοοΜΜΟ pa36aBneHne 3tmx >kmpob (Macen) opraHMHecKMM pacTBopMTeneM μπμ npepnoHTMTenbHO pncneprnpoBaHne stmx >kmpob b βοπηομ CMCTeMe c ncnonb30BaHneM 3MynbraT0p0B. Cmotpm Leather Technician's Handbook. J. H. Sharphouss. Leather Producers' Association, rnaBbi 21 m 24. Χοτη cnocodbi, nMeK>mne penbīo perynnpoBaHne CTeneHM neHeTpapmi 3Mynbcnn b κο>κγ po ee pa3pbiea m ocaacpeHMe b Bkīpe xcnpa Ha BonoKHax, ocymecTBnnnncb pna npnoaHna kojkm μβγκοοτμ m 6onee BbicoKOM 3nacTMhhoctm, xapaKTepncTMKH nnHTenbHOH ctomkoctm κ Bone m xapaKTepncTHKM BoaooTTanKMBaeMOCTM ηθ 6binw flOCTaTOHHO XOpOLUHMH npM HCn0nb30BaHHM OflHMX nmub >KHpOBblX 3MynbCHH.
B pape ny6nnKai4nii npepnaranHCb pa3nwHHbie cononMMepbi pnn o6pa6oTKM 4 ko>kh b npouecce ay6neHmi μ ποβτορηογο py6neHMfl, οοο6θηηο cononmviepbi, cny>KaiHMe b ιοηθοτβθ 3aMeHMTeneii ecTecTBeHHbix aremoB ny6neHMB μ ομητβηοβ, nonynaeMbix M3 $eHon$opManbaernaHbix ομοπ. B naieHTax CIUA NN A-2205882 m A-2202883 onncbiBaeTca ncnonb30BaHne KncnoTHbix ποπΜΜΘροΒ, τβκΜχ KaK noniiaKpMnoBa^ Kuc/ioTa, cononmviepbi aKpnnoBoii KucnoTbi m MeiaKpunoBoii κΐ/icnoTbi; cononuMepbi ManenHOBoro aHrnflpnjqa m CTiipona; cononuMepbi ΜβτβκρΜΠΟΒοίί KucnoTbi m cnipona; m rMflponM30BaHHblii ΜΘΤΜΠ ΜβΤ3ΚρΐΊΠ3Τ. B naTeHTax ClilA NN A-2475886 m A-2452536 onncbieaiOTca cynb0MHnpoBaHHbie BonopacTBopmvibie cononuMepbi CTMpona-ManeMHOBoro aHrHflpnaa απ« ny6neHHfl μ ποβτορηογο fly6neHMH kojkm. naTeHT CILIA N A-3103447 KacaeTca BopHbix pacTBopoe βμμοημθβμχ mv\ 3MHH0BblX coneii KMCnOTOCOflep>KamMX ΟΟΠΟΠΜΜΘρΟΒ ηππ nponMTKM KOJK C MenbK) nony«HeHMfl >xenaeMbix cbomctb noqBeprHyTbix noBTopHOMy ny6neHmo κοχ, τβΚΜΧ ksk ynyHiueHHbie xapaKTepncTHKM pa3pbiBa, CToiĪKOCTb κ a6pa3MBHOMy B03peiicTBmo m nyHuiaii OTpenKa. 3tm cononMMepbi μμθιοτ HepacTBopwviyio β βοαθ Ki/icnoTHyio 0opMy, ho pacTBopnMyio b Boae coneByio $opMy, β κοτοροιί ohm npaKTMHecKM ncnonb3ytOTcsi. flaHHbie cononHMepbi nonyHatoTca 113 nonHMepH3y(OlHMXCH KHCnOT C M0H03TMJieH0BblMM H6H3Cbim6HHblMH CBfl3flMM, ΤβΚΜΧ Kax aKpiinoBafl μπμ MeTaKpunoBaa KHcnoTa, h cno>KHbix 3φΐ/ΐροΒ, TaKnx κάκ cno>KHbie 3cpnpbi HacbimeHHoro oflHoaTOMHoro ann$aTHHecKoro cnnpia m aKpnnOBOti HHM ΜβΤ3ΙφΜΠΟΒθΡί KMCHOTbl, nOnyHeHHOM H3 UHKnOreKCaHOna, H3 anKaHonoB, cooepxainnx ot 1 jqo 18 stomob yrnepopa, mv\ cno>KHbix BMHnnoBbix 3φΜρθΒ >KnpHbix kmchot, coaep>KaLHMx ot 1 flo 18 3T0M0B yrnepoma, Taxnx xax BMHHnaueTaT m BMHHncTeapaT. npeanoHTMTenbHbiMM cononMMepaMH ηβπηκπόα TaKHe, KOTopbie nonyHa(OTca M3 5-35 Bec. % aKpmiOBoii m/im MeTaKpnnoBoii KHcnoTbi n 95-65 Bec. % οπο>κηογο 3φκρ3. Han6onee cneu^HHecKMe cononMMepbi BKmoHaioT TaKiie, KOTopbie o6pa30BaHbi H3 85 Bec. % 3TnnaKpnnaTa m 15 Bec. % MeTaKpMnoBoti KHcnoTbi; 66 Bec. % 6yTnnaKpnnaTa m 34 Bec. % aKpnnoBoii KHcnoTbi; 60 Bec. % Me™naKpnnaTa, 25 Bec. % 2-3TnnreKcnnaKpnnaTa m 15 Bec. % MeTaKpnnoBoii KMcnoTbi. naTeHT CIJJA N A-3231420 KacaeTca cnocoāa nponiiTKH ko>kh HepaCTBOpMMbIMM Β ΒΟβΘ ΟΟΠΟΠΜΜβρβΜΜ flnfl nOnyHeHHH κοχαι ηππ ΚΟΗΘΗΗΟΜ οτρβπκΜ. 3tot cnoco6, kūk onncaHo, ynyHiuaeT xapaKTepncTMKM pa3pbiBa, o6ecneHHBaeT 6onee BbicoKyK> nnoTHOCTb οτρβπκΜ, ynyHiuaeT cTOHKocTb κ a6pa3HBHOMy Β03ΑβΜ0ΤΒΗΚ) H CTOMKOCTb K HCTHpaHHtO - CBOMCTBa, KOTopbie oābiHHO flocTMraioTCii 3a cneT ποβτορηογο ny6neHMH. Mcnonb3yeMbie cono/iMMepbi nonyHa»OTCfl (a) H3 3,5-18,5 μοπ. % KHcnoTbi, BbičpaHHoii H3 HMcna aKpnnoBofi 5 LV 10878 KMC/lOTbl, ΜΘΤ3ΙφΜΠ0Β0Μ KMCnOTbl M ΜΤΘΚΟΗΟΒΟΜ KMCnOTbi; (b) M3 1,5-8 ΜΟΠ. % ΠΟ KpaiiHeii Mepe ορηογο οποχηογο acpMpa (MeT)aKpnnoBoii KucnoTbi m HacbiipeHHoro μηογο3τομηογο onnpTa, copepxaiuero 8-18 3τομοβ yrnepopa; (c) H3 10,5-43 μοπ. % ΜΘΤΙΊΠ—, 3ΤΜΠ- MnH M306yTMnMeTaKpnnaTa; M (d) πρΜΜθρΗΟ M3 47-84,5 ΜΟΠ. % ΟΠΟ)ΚΗΟΓΟ 30npa aKpMnOBOŪi KMCnOTbl HacbimeHHoro MHOroaTOMHOrO cnupia, copepxainero ot 1 po 14 aTOMOB yrnepopa; npiineM očinaa KOHpeHTpaumj (a) nnioc (c) οοοτθβππθτ ot 15 po 45 μοπ. %, n οτηοιιιθημθ (b) κ (c) οοοτθβππθτ ot 1:3,3 po 1:6,7. CononuMep, μμθιοιρμμ Bce neTbīpe οοηοβημθ MHrpapneHTa, npuroTaBnMBaeTcn b opraHunecKOM pacTBopuTene, τ3κομ Kax cnupTbi, KeTOHbi, cno>KHbie 3$npbi, yrneBopopopbi, xnopnpoBaHHbie yrneBopopopbi μπμ μχ ομθομ, πρΜΗβΜ πρθρποΗΤΘΗΜβ OTpaeTca ΓΜρροφοβΗΜΜ yrneBopopopaM n ranoreHnpoBaHHbiM yrneBopopopaM, KOTopbie ηθ CManneaioT KO>Ky m KOTopbie πο3βοππκ)τ ocymecTBnaTb nponnTKy. riaTeHT CLUA N A-3945792 KacaeTcn cnocoāa 3anonHeHMfl πορΒθρπψτοίί py6neHM(0 koxm c ncnonb30BaHneM He3aMemeHHbix v\m 3aMeipeHHbix γομο- nnn cononuMepoB aKpnnoBoii KucnoTbi, κοτορΗβ pacTBOpMMbi b eope b CMeon c 6enKOBblM ΚΠΘΘΜ ΠρΜ ΟΤΗΟϋΙΘΗΜΜ ΠΟΠΜΜθρβ K 6eHK0B0My ΚΠΘΙΟ paBHOM ot 1:12 po 12:1. B naTeHTe CLUA N A-4314802 onncbiBaeTca MHorosTanHbiii npopecc py6neHna koxm. B πθρβομ 3Tane ncnonb3yeTca BopHbiii pacTBop μπμ pncnepcna noniiMepa, copepx<aipero ηθ μθηθθ 50% aKpwnoBoii μπμ μθτθκρμποβομ κμοποτμ, c Heo6a3aTenbHO ncnonb3yeMbiM oneHb He3HaHMTenbHbiM κοπμηθοτβομ οποχηογο anKunoBoro sīrupa (Μθτ^κρι/ιποΒοίί κΜΟποτω μπμ cynb$npoBaHHoro HeHacbimeHHoro BbicyiueHHoro Macna. Bo btopom 3Tane ncnonb3yeTcn ΜμΡκοημθβοθ py6nnbHoe BemecTBO. Πθτθητ CLUA A-4345006 KacaeTcn cnocočoB o6pa6oTKM nopBepmyToii py6neHHto kojkm rnppo$nnbHoii βκρκπβτΗοίί ομοπομ b βμρθ bophom pncnepcm/ι. Γΐ/ίρροφι^ΗΜΜ axpnnaT npepcTaBnneT cočofi nneHKOo6pa3yiomMM cononiiMep, nonyHeHHbiii M3 60-80 βθο % οποχηογο 3φΐ/ΐρ3 (MeT)aKpnnaTa, ι/ιμθιοιρθγο TeMnepaTypy οτθκποβθημπ (Tg) μθηθθ, ηθμ 0°C, HanpHMep, 3TnnaKpnnaTa; 10-20 βθο. % OKCnanKnnoBoro cno>KHoro 3φΜρβ (MeT)aKpnnoBoii KMcnoTbi; 1-10 βθο. % οποοο6ηογο κ nonnMepM3ai4mi θημοηηογο οοθρμηθημη, τθκογο xax MTaKOHOBan KkīcnoTa, ManeMHOBan KMcnoTa, φyMapoBa5:^ KHcnoTa, KpoTOHOBan KMcnoTa, aKpnnoBan KMcnoTa μπμ μθτθκρμποβθπ KMcnoTa, npepnoHTHTenbHO b φορΜθ BopopacTBopHMOM οοπμ ιμθποηηογο MeTanna μπμ βμμοηιίπ; 0,2-2,5 βθο. % no MeHbuieii Mepe ορηογο nonepenHO CLUMBa»oinero MOHOMepa; h ot 0 po 2,5 βθο. % (MeT)aKpnnaMnpa. floMMHMpyioinMii (MeT)aKpnnaTHbiPi κομποηθητ, MMeioiuMii HH3Koe 3HaHeHMe Tg, 6 oābiHHO onncbiBaeTca KaK οποχηημ 9φΜρ cnupTOB, npennoHTmenbHO anKaHonoB, conep>KainMX ot 2 po 18 aTOMOB yrnepoaa. JļaHHbie κομπο3μι4μμ πεπηιοτοη rMmpO$MnbHblMM ΠΠΘΗΚΟ- 06pa3yiOlHMMM nOKpbITMflMM C HM3KMM ΟΟΑβρΧΟΗΜΘΜ
KucnoTHO $yHKLiMOHanbHbix μοηομθροβ (HanpuMep, c coflep>KaHneM 10-20 Bec. % OKCM0yHKLļnoHanbHoro MOHOMepa), ncnonb3yeMbiMM Kax aremrbi ποβτορηογο Ay6neHnn, ho cornacHO onncaHmo oaHHoro naTeHTa, ohm ηθ ηΒπηιοτοη 3aMeHHTenflMM χμροβομ 3MynbcnM μ ηθ cny>KaT nna o6pa6oTKM c uenbīo npMAaHMn BOflOOTa/IKMBaH Mfl. naTeHT A-4526581 KacaeTca cnocoOa qy6neHna μπμ ποβτορηογο Ay6neHnn c ncnonb30BaHneM conomiMepoB MeTaKpnnoBOM kmchotu c y3KMM nnana30H0M MoneKynapHoro eeca. JļaHHbie cononMMepbi οοηβρχοτ ηθ μθηθθ 5 μοπ. % cnoxHbix 3φΜροΒ cnnpTa c κοροτκοίί yrnepoAHOM uenbfo (1-4 aTOMa C) m aKpnnOBOti KMCnOTbl. YKa3aHO, ΠΤΟ CHO>KHblM 3φΜρ, COCTOmiļMM M3 KOMČUHaUMH μθτθκρμποβομ KkīcnoTbi h cnMpTa c κοροτκοίί yrnepoAHOii uenbto, naeT HenpeflBHjqeHHbie pe3ynbTaTbi, HanpHMep, ο6θοπθημβθθτ BbicoKoe οοπροτμβπθημθ pacTpecKMBaHHio ynacTKOB BbiCTynoB (3epeH) m yoaneHHio fly6nnbHbix βθιαθοτβ. ΚροΜΘ τογο, paq ηθ CBA3aHHbix Apyr c ApyroM ny6nnKai4MM Kacanncb npoāneMbi μ3γοτοβπθημ5ι κοχ, o6naAaiomMx 6onee BbicoKoii CTOiiKOCTbio κ Bone μπμ ποπηομ BOflOonanKMBaeMOCTbK). HeKOTopbie H3 stmx ony6nnKOBaHHbix pa6oT μμθιοτ UenbK) nOnyHeHMe ΜΘΗΘΘ ΓΜΑρΟφΜ^ΗΟΜ ΠΟΒβρΧΗΟΟΤΜ ΚΟΧΗ 3a ΟΗΘΤ ΧΜΜΜΗΘΟΚΟΜ peaKLļHH C ΧΡΟΜΟΜ Unu flpyrHMH MMHepanbHbIMH fly6nnbHblMH BeiiļeCTBaMM, ΜΠΜ 3a ΟΗΘΤ ΜΗΟΓΟ- KpaTHblX OČpaOOTOK C MCn0J1b30BaHMeM ΚΜΟΠΟΤ m coneii MHoroBaneHTHbix MeTannoB. B naTeHTe CUJA A-2968580 onMCbiBaeTca nponMTKa koxh βοαημμ pacTBopoM Knc/ibix 3φΜρΗ^χ coneii, coAepxamMx ηθ μθηθθ flByx coneo6pa3yiomMx ai4HnbHblX rpynn, cyujKa koxh μ 3θτθμ χμμμηθοκοθ B3anMoqeiicTBne KHcnoTbi co ομθιιιμβθθμομ c βοαομ κομππθκοηομ conbīo μηογοβθπθητηογο MeTanna.
CornacHO naieHTy CUJA N A-3010780 Mcnonb3yeTcn MMHepanbHbiH areHT Ay6neHMn, κοτορυϋ o6pa3yeT κομππθκο c ηθποπμμθρημμμ TpexocHOBHbiMn μπμ 6onee bucoko μηογοοοηοβημμμ κμοποτηημμ προμ3βοαημμμ, conepxamnMn ΓΜοροφοόΗΜΘ rpynnbi, τθκμμμ KaK 6opHan KMcnoTa, φοοφορΗθη KMcnoTa, MbimbHKOBMCTaa KHcnoTa, πμμοηηθη KMcnoTa, τρμμθθμτμηοβθπ KMcnoTa, MennMToean KMcnoTa, 3TaHTeTpayKcycHan KMcnoTa m t. a-
CornacHO naTeHTy CUJA A-3276891 ncnonb3yiOTcn HenonHbie 3φΜρΜ m HenonHbie aMMAbi απμΦ3τμηθοκμχ nonnKap6oHOBbix κμοποτ, coAepxamwx 3-10 aTOMOB yrnepOAa m 2-4 rpynnbi KapčoHOBoii KMcnoTbi; 3μμηο3πμΦ3τμμθ€κμχ nonMKap6oHOBbix KMcnoT, C0AepxaiyMx ot 4 ao 10 3tomob ymepoAa, μπμ Φθημπ-πμ6ο oκcMφeHMnπoπMκap6oHOBbιx kmchot, C0AepxauļMx οτ 2 ao 6 rpynn 7 LV 10878
KapČOHOBOM KMCnOTbl, C HenOnHbIMM 3φΜρ3ΜΜ (npOCTbIMM HJIM CnOXHblMM) MHoroaTOMHbix crmpTOB, coflep>KaLMMx ot 2 mo 10 3tomob yrnepoqa μ ηθ μθηθθ AByx CBo6oflHbix rnnpoKCMnbHbix rpynn m nncļ)ocļ)MnbHbie paqw<anbi c cojqep>KaHMeM 8-22 aTOMOB yrnepofla c oahom HeHacbimeHHoii CBB3bio, b KanecTBe nMnperHaHTOB b opraHMHecKOM pacTBopuTene. B οοβθτοκομ naieHTe N 265063 noq η33Β3ημθμ TiiflpocpočHafl o6pa6oTKa” onncbiBaeTca ncnonb30BaHne BbicoKOMoneKynnpHoro rnnpocpo6Horo nponyKTa, KOTopbiii «Βπηβτοη npoayKTOM peaKUMM rnMKonflTa menoHHoro MeTanna c cononuMepoM CTMpon-ManeMHOBoro aHn/iflpnqa nnw nonnaKpnnoBOW κμοποτν qnn ycnneHMa bojļOOTTankmbaeMOCTM.
Retzche C. E. b ny6nnKauiiM "BoflHaa CMCTeMa, npeflHa3HaHeHHan qna nonyHeHna κοτκνι cyxov\ ohmctkm, KOTopan yx<e 6onbiue Ηβ ηβπβθτοβ CMaHMBaeMoii”, Rev. Tech. Ind. Cir. tom 69, M3q. 4,1977 r, omcbiBaeT TpynH0CTM npMflaHua ctomkoctm κ Βορβ KoxcaM, KOTopbie 6binu noflBepmyTbi o6pa6oTKe γμηροΦμπβηβιμμ cuHTaHaMM n )KnpoBbiMM 3MynbCMBMM. Retzche npepnaraeT ncnonb30BaTb HeKOTopbie coqepxainne φοοφβτ nonMMepbi b κομ6μη3μμμ c XpOMOBblM οοθαμηθημθμ. naTeHT CLUA A-4527992 TaioKe KacaeTca cnoco6a nonyMeHnn boūo-OTTanKMBaiomnx ko>k nyTeM očpačOTKM noflBeprHyTbix qy6neHwo iuKyp HaČMBOHHblM 3ΓΘΗΤ0Μ, BbIČpaHHbIM M3 HMCna ΟΚΜΟΠΘΗΗΜΧ ani^aTMHeCKHX yrneBOfloponoB c conep>KaHMeM 18-26 btomob yrnepona, 0KMcneHHbix m MacTMHHo 0νΠΒφ0ΗΜρ0Β3ΗΗΒΙΧ 3ΠΜφ3ΤΜΗΘ0ΚΜΧ ymeBOflOpOflOB C ΟΟΠθρΧΟΗΜΘΜ 1 8-26 aTOMOB yrnepona, OKncnem-ibix π3Ρ3Φμηοββιχ yrneBOflopoqoB c cooepxaHneM 32-40 θτομοβ yrnepona m 0KMcneHHbix m HacTMHHO ονπΒφοι-ΐΜροΒ3ΗΗΜχ yrneBOflopoqoB c coqep>KaHMeM 32-40 aTOMOB ymepoqa.
Bcnen 3a TaKoti o6pa6oTKOti ocymecTBnaeTcn o6pa6oTKa c Mcnorib30BaHMeM MMnperHnpyiomMx areHTOB b φορΜβ cononuMepoe conetf menοηηογο MeTanna nnn aMMOHMa nnn HM3wero anKuna c coqep>KaHMeM ot 60 qo 95 μοπ. % HeHacbimeHHoti KucnoTbi, BbičpaHHoii H3 Hncna aKpunoBoii KucnoTbi n MeTaKpunoBoii KucnoTbi, m ot 5 qo 40 μοπ. % MOHOMepa. BbiāpaHHoro M3 nncna MeTunaKpunaTa, 3TnnaKpnnaTa, nponunaKpunaTa, 6yTnnaKpnnaTa, aKpunaMMfla, aKpunoHMTpuna, μθτμπ-MeTaKpwnaTa, 3TnnMeTaKpnnaTa, nponunMeTaKpunaTa, 6yTnnMeTaKpnnaTa, MeTaKpunaMuna n MeTaKpunoHMTpuna, rqe cononuMep μμθθτ MoneKynapHbiM Bec ot 800 no 10000. riocne TaKoii oāpaāoTKM ocymecTBnn«OTcn noqKwcneHne, 3aKpenneHne m OKOHHaTenbHan OTjļenKa.
ΠρβΑΜθτοΜ naHHoro M3o6peTeHnn nenneTcn x<enaeMbiii cnoco6 o6pa6oTKii noHBepmyToii qy6neHwo kojkm qnn bo3mo>khoctm ynyHUieHna cbomctb noflBepmyToii qy6neHMto kojkm, μπμ x<enaeMbiM ynyHiueHHbiii cnocoā o6pa6oTKM 8 noflBepmyTOM oy6neHnto ko>km. YKa3aHHbie MHoroHMcneHHbie ny6nnKai4HM, onncbiBaromne ncnonb30BaHne pa3nMMHblX KOM6MHaqHM ΓΜρροφΜηΒΗΜΧ Μ ΓΜηροφοδΗΒΙΧ MOHOMepOB, aeMOHCTpnpyK>T, hto ūo cmx nop eme He 6bin o6Hapy>KeH Maiepnan pnn o6pa6oTKw noflBepmyTOM ny6neHM»o ko>km b oohom 3Tane Tax, ητο6μ npw npn stom o6ecneHMBanncb xenaeMbie cBOticTBa, pocTuraeMbie nyTeM OTflenbHbix μοκρμχ 3TanoB noBTopHoro ny6neHnn, οδρβδοτκΜ >KnpoBoū 3Mynbcneii m npupaHMfl κο>κβ BOflOOTTanKMBaHM«.
Cneny»oiUMM npepMeTOM naHHoro Μ3θδρβτβΗΜη nBnneTcn cononuMep, KOTopbiii μο>κθτ HaiiTM none3Hoe ncnonb30BaHne ρπη οδρβδοτκΜ noflBepmyTOM ny6neHmo ko>km b ojļHOM 3Tane, Tax hto ripu stom o6ecneHMBaeTca *enaeMoe coneTaHMe cbomctb, nocTMraeMoe b o6biHHbix OTflenbHbix 3Tanax ποβτορηογο ny6neHMn m o6pa6oTKM χαιροΒοϋ 3Mynbcneii.
CnepyK)U4MM npepMeTOM naHHoro Μ3θδρβτβΗΜΗ nenneTcn cononuMep, κοτορΜίί μο>κθτ TafOKe ynyHUJMTb nHTeHCMBHOCTb μβθτοβογο οττθηιο, CTOMKOCTb κ SKCTpaKUnn pacTBopuTeneM, cnocoSHOCTb κ npoMbiBKe m BopooTTanKMBaeMOCTb ko>ku, m KOTopbiM οημχοθτ BpeMn cyuiKM μ 3Heprwo, Tpe6yeMyio πηη xax<noro 3Tana očpaāoTKM.
CornacHO naHHOMy Μ3θδρβτβΗΜ»ο npenycMaTpnBaeTcn cnocoč o6pa6oTKw nopBeprHyTOM ay6neHwo κοχμ onn ynyHiueHM« ee 30τθτμηθοκμχ cbomctb, npoHHocTM m pacTJDKMMOCTM. 3tot cnoco6 3aKnK)HaeT b ce6e ncnonb30BaHne flncneprnpyeMbix b eope Bbi6paHHbix aMCj)ncj)MnbHbix conomiMepoB, o6pa3yeMbix M3 npeo6nana»oiuero KonunecTBa no MOHbiiiePi Mepe onnoro ηιαροφοδΗΟΓΟ MOHOMepa n He3HaHMTenbHoro KonunecTBa no MeHbiueii Mepe ορηογο γμαροΦμπβηογο cononnMepn3yeMoro MOHOMepa. CornacHO npennoHTMTenbHOMy acneKTy naHHoro n3o6peieHna, BbiāpaHHbin βμΦμΦμπβημϊι cononuMep, xax 6bino npofleMOHCTpnpoBaHO, 3φφβκτνΐΒβΗ b 3Tane οδρβδοτκΜ, 3aMeHnioineM očbiHHbie 3Tanbi ποβτορηογο ny6neHnn n o6pa6oTKM )ΚΜρθΒθίί 3MynbCneM m, cornacHO npyroMy acneKTy paHHoro Μ3θ6ρβτβΗΜη, Bbi6paHHbiti cononuMep ynymiiaeT Taoce BOjļOCTOMKOCTb 06pa60TaHH0M KO)KM.
BoflHbie pncnepcnn HepacTBopnMbix b Bone 3ΜφΜφΐ/^ΗΜΧ cononnMepoB, o6pa3yeMbix M3 npeočnaflaiomero KonMHecTBa (6onee neM, 50%) no MeHbiueii Mepe οβηογο ΓΜαροφοδΗοτο MOHOMepa m He3HaHMTenbHoro κοπι/iHecTBa (MeHee, neM 50%) no MeHbLueii Mepe ορηογο cononnMepn3y(omerocn πιηροφΜΠΒΗΟΓο coMOHOMepa, HaxoqnT none3Hoe πρΜΜβΗβΗΜβ pnn o6pa6oTKn nonBepmyToii py6neHMK) koku b xone MOxpbix npopeccoB, no3Bonnn flOc™myTb pnp >xenaTenbHbix οστβΤΜΗβοκιιχ μ Φμ3μηθοκμχ xapaKTepncTMK, τβκιίχ xax ynyHLueHHan MHTeHCHBHOCTb ρΒβΤΟΒΟΓΟ OTTeHKa M flMHaMMHeCKan BOflOCTOilKOCTb, 9 LV 10878 npennoHTMTenbHO npeBbiuiaioiuaa 1500 μ3γμ6οβ Malser. ΑμΦμΦμπβημμ cononuMep conep>KMT KaK ΓMnpoφMΠbHbιe, TaK m ΓΜηροφοδΗΝβ rpynnbi. 3tot cononuMep nonynaeTCfl M3 ot 6onee 10 Bec. % no μθηθθ 50 eec. %, npennoHTMTenbHO ot npiiMepHO 15 no npMMepno 45 eec. %, eme 6onee npennoHTMTenbHO ot npmviepHO 20 eec. % no npmvjepHO 40 eec. % no MeHbiueM Mepe oflHoro γμρροΦμπβηογο MOHOMepa m M3 ot 6onee ηθμ 50 eec. % no μθηθθ ηθμ 90 eec. %, npennoHTMTenbHO πρΜΜβρΗΟ ot 55 no 85 βθο. %, m HaMčonee npennoHTMTenbHO πρμμθρηο ot 60 no 50 Bec. % no μθημιιθμ Mepe οηηογο ΓΜηροφοδΗοτο coMOHOMepa. flaHHbiii cononuMep μμθθτ cpenHeBecoeoM MoneKynnpHbiii eec πρμμθρηο ot 2000 no 100000.
Bbl6op COOTHOUJeHMn KOHUeHTpaUMM ΓMnpOφMnbHOΓO Μ ΓΜηροφΟδΗΟΓΟ μοηομθροβ nnn nonyneHMn aMφMφMΠbHbιx cononMMepoe aBnneTcn pe3ynbTaT0M SMnMpMHecKOHO MccnenoBaHMA naHHbix οοποπμμθροβ b conocTaeneHMM c KOHTpOnbHbIMM, C MCn0nb30BaHMeM Bbl6paHHblX KOHTponbHblX KpMTepMeB npouecca. SKcnepMMeHTanbHbie πρΜΜβρω, npencTaBneHHbie ημ>κθ, hcho neMOHCTpMpyioT, hto conocTaBMTenbHbie aMφMφMΠbHbιe cononMMepbi, nonyneHHbie M3 10 Bec. % ΓMnpoφMΠbHOΓO MOHOMepa m 90 Bec. % ΓΜηροφοδΗοτο coMOHOMepa, He oTBenaiOT yKa3aHHblM KOHeHHbIM CBOMCTBaM, OCOČeHHO B OTHOUJeHMM pnCTJDKMMOCTM M BonocToiiKOCTM. AHanorMHHO 3T0My, npM nonyneHMM cononMMepa M3 paBHbix (50/50) BeCOBblX KOHUeHTpaUMM ΓMnpOφMΠbHOΓO Μ ΓΜηρθφθ0ΗΟΓΟ MOHOMepa 3TM KOHeHHbie uenM Tax μ ηθ nocTMraioTca. ΓΜηροφΜΠΒΗΒΐίί μοηομθρ, Mcnonb3yeMbiM nnn nonyneHMn aMφMφMnbHOΓo cononMMepa, HBnneTcn no MeHbiueM Mepe οπημμ μοηομθρομ, BbiāpaHHbiM M3 HMCna BOnopaCTBOpMMblX KMCnOTHblX ΜΠΜ OCHOBHblX MOHOMepOB C HeHaCbllljeHHblMM STMneHOBbiMM CBn3nMM, npennoHTMTenbHO c μοηοθτμπθηοβομ cen3bto, μπμ mx CMecen. rīpMMepaMM npMronHbix ΓMnpoφMnbHbιx μοηομθροβ, KOTopbie Moryr ncnonb30BaTbcn MHHMBMnyanbHO μπμ b BMne CMecM, ηεπηιοτοη aKpMnoean KMcnoTa, MeTaKpunoBan KMcnoTa, MTaKOHoean KMcnoTa, φνΜ3ροΒ3η KMcnoTa, ManeMHoean KMcnoTa m aHmnpMnbi stmx kmchot; KMcnoTO-3aMemeHHbie (MeT)aKpMnaTbi, lame KaK φοοφορ3ΤΜΠΜΘΤ3κρΜΠ3τ m cyπbφo^TMn-MeτaκpMπaτ; KMcnoT03aMemeHHbie (MeT)aKpMnaMMnbi, TaKMe KaK 2-aKpMnaMMno- 2-MeτMππpoπMπcyπbφoκMcπoτa; m ocHOBHbie 3aMemeHHbie (MeT)aKpMnaTbi m (MeT)aKpMnaMMnbi, TaKMe KaK aMMH03aMeuieHHbie aKpnnaTbi m aMMH03aMemeHHbie MeTaKpnnaTbi, BKmonan ΠΜΜΘΤΜΠ3ΜΜΗ03ΤΜΠΜΘΤ3ΚρΜΠ3Τ, TpeTMHHbIM 6yTMHaMMH03TMn-MeTaKpMnaT M ηΜΜΘΤΜΠ3ΜΜΗ0Πρ0ΠΜΠΜβΤ3ΚρΜΠ3ΜΜη· ilpennOHTMTenbHblM BOPOpaCTBOpMMblM ΓΜηρΟφΜΠΒΗΜΜ ΜΟΗΟΜθρΟΜ, MCn0nb3yeMblM ΑΠΠ nOnyHeHMfl ΘΜφΜφΜΠΒΗΟΓΟ cononMMepa, HBnneTcn aKpMnoBan KMcnoTa.
Bbi6op npMponbi m KOHuempauMM ΓMnpoφMΠbHOΓo MOHOMepa ocymecTBnneTcn 10
TaKMM o6pa30M, HTo6bi npunaTb aM$n0nnbHOMy cononnMepy cnocoāHOCTb κ xopoiueMy ancnepmpoBaHmo b boahom pacTBope, n ρπη θτογο oh npuroTaBnuBaeTCfl M3 BbicoKO-nonnMepHbix TBepabix BemecTB, oāecneHMBaiommc cnocoāHOCTb κ o6pa6oTKe m cjqBnroByio Bfl3K0CTb 603 očpaTHoro βπμβημβ Ha cnocočHOdb cononmviepa κ neHeTpaunu nepe3 KO>Ky c npHnamieM ev\ ynyHiueHHbix 30ΤΘΤΜΗΘΟΚΜΧ XapaKTepMCTMK, npOHHOCTH, paCTfl>KMMOCTM M BOflOCTOMKOCTM. ΓMflpocpočHbiii coMOHOMep, ncnonb3yeMbM pna nonyHeHnn βΜφΜφιιπΒΗΟΓΟ cononmviepa, ηβπβθτοβ no MeHbiueii Mepe οπημμ μοηομθρομ, BbičpaHHbiM M3 flnnHHouenHbix anKnn(MeT)aKpnnaTOB, ππμηηομθπημχ anKOKCM(nonn3TnneHOKCiin) (MeT)aKpnnaTOB, 3ΠΚΜΠφβΗ0Κ0Μ(Π0ΠΜ3ΤΜΠΘΗ0Κ0ΜΠ)(ΜΘΤ)3ΚρΜΠ3Τ0Β, nepBMHHblX anKeHOB n cnox<Hbix βμημποβηχ 3φΜροΒ flnnHHOuenHbix anKnnKap6oHOBbix kmchot, n mx civieceii. npMMepaMM noaxoflflmnx ΓΜρροφοδΗΜχ MOHOMepoB, KOTopbie MoryT ncnonb30BaTbcn b OTpenbHOc™ μπμ b BMpe CMecefi mpyr c npyroM ββπηιοτοβ anKnn(C8-C22)aKpnnaTbi, anKnn(C8~C22)- μπμ anKnn(C8-C-|2)<J>eHOKCM (nonM3TkineHOKCMn)(MeT)aKpnnaTbi, 1-anKeHbi (C-\2~^22) M cno>KHbie βμημποβμθ 3φκρΜ anKMn(C-ļ2-C22)KaP®OHOBblx κμοποτ. ripuMepaMM yKa3aHHbix ΓΜαροφοδΗΜΧ μοηομθροβ ββπβιοτόβ floneuMn (MeT)aKpnnaT, neHTaflennfl(MeT)aKpnnaT, neHTnn(MeT)aKpnnaT, CTeapnn(MeT)aKpnnaT, 3μκο3μπ(μθτ)3κρμπ3τ, M3onennn (MeT)aKpnnaT, BMHuncTeapaT, ηοημπΦθηοκομ (3TnneH0Kcwi)(MeT)aKpmiaT, OKTapeueH, reKcaaeueH, TeTpaaeueH, noneueH v\ CMecu mo6bix m hmx. ripeanoHTMTenbHbiMn ΓΜρροφοβΗΜΜΜ MOHOMepaMM, o6ecneHHBaiomnMn ΒΜφΜφΜΠΒΗΒΐίί ΟΟΠΟΠΜΜβρ C HannyHUUMMM paČOHMMM xapaKTepMCTHKaMH, OCOČeHHO xapaKTepncTWKaMM βοαοοτομκοοτμ, ββπηιοτοβ nmiHHouenHbie anKMn(C-|2-C20) (MeT)aKpnnaTbi μ μχ CMecw, TaKne xax CMecu anKnn(Ci6-C2o)MeTaKPMnaTOB (KOTopbie panee 6ynyT Ha3bieaTbCfl ”CEMA” jona ueTnn3MK03MnMeTaKpunaTa). Mcnonb30BaHne cnoBa (μθτ), 3a κοτορΝΜ cneqyeT TaKoe ποηητμθ xax aKpiinaT mv\ aKpMnaMMfl, bo BC0M τβκοτβ αθηηογο onncaHnn othocmtch κβκ κ aKpunaTaM, Tax m k aKpunaMunaM μ MeTaKpnnaTaM μπμ MeTaKpunaiviiimaM, οοοτβθτοτβθηηο.
He3HaMMTenbHbie KominecTBa apyrax cononnMepn3yK)inMxca μοηομθροβ c STHneHOBblMM HeHaCbimeHHblMH CBB3HMM B KOH140HTpai4MBX, paBHblX ΜΠΜ MeHbLUHX, ηθμ 50 Bec. % ot o6meii KOHueHTpaumi πιηροφοβΗΟΓο coMOHOMepa, MoryT 6biTb ncnonb30BaHbi b KOM6nHauMM c npeoānapiaioiUMM κοπμηθοτβομ (6onee ηθμ npMMepHO 50 Bec. %) no MeHbiueii Mepe οπηογο M3 yKa3aHHbix Bbiiue τμποβ ΓΜίφΟφΟδΗ^Χ ΜΟΗΟΜΘΡΟΒ. 3tw nononHMTenbHbie ΓΜίφΟφΟδΗΜΘ COMOHOMepbl ncnonb3yK)TCB xax pa36aBHTenn ana npyrnx πιπροφοδΗΗχ οομοηομθροβ 6e3 OTpMuaTenbHOHO βπμλημη Ha cnocočHocTb κ noBTOpHOMy ny6neHmo (o6pa6oTKe >KnpoBoii 3Mynbcneii), KOTOpan aocrnraeTcn npw o6pa6oTKe κοχμ aMφ^1φ^1ΠbHblM cononiiMepoM. Hcnonb30BaHne TaKMX pa36aBmeneii τνιπροφοδΗΟΓΟ MOHOMepa LV 10878 η μο>κθτ 6biTb onpaBflaHo qocTnraeMbiM θκοηομμηθοκμμ 3φφΘΚΤ0Μ; onHaKo 3T0 MCnonb30BaHMe Τ3ΚΜΧ ΓΜί|ρθφθ6ΗΝΧ ρββββΒΜΤΘΠΘΜ ΜΟ>ΚΘΤ 6blTb Β ymep6 ΤΘΜ ynyHLuemiflM xapaKTepncTMK bopoctomkoctm, KOTopbie nocTuraiOTca c ncnonb30BaHneM npeoānafiaiomero ΓΜρροφοβΗΟΓΟ MOHOMepa. ripuMepaMu τβκιίχ Π0ΠΘ3Η0 MCnonb3yeMblX COnoni1MepM3yiOmi1XCiī ΠίρρΟφοδΗΝΧ COMOHOMepOB, ββπηιοιμμχοβ pa36aBMTenflMH, ββπβιοτοη HM3iune anKnn(C-ļ-C7)(MeT)aKpnnaTbi, CTiipon, ar^a-MeTacTnpon, BMHunaueTaT, (μθτ)3κρμποηι/ιτρμπ n οπβφιΐΗΒΐ. (lpn ncnonb30BaHMM τβκΜχ π/ίπροφοβΗΒΐχ COMOHOMepOB Kax pa36aBMTeneti JKenaTeribHO ΠΡΜΜΘΗΘΗΜΘ 6β3φνΗΚΙ4ΚΟΗ3ΠΒΗΗΧ (rpynn) MOHOMepOB, ΟΤΠΜΗΗΜΧ OT ΜΟΗΟΜβρΟΒ C φyHKU^ιoHanbHblMH m aMMflHbiMM φyHκι4MOHaπbHblMM rpynnaMM. 3φφθκτΜΒΗ0θ KommecTBO θμΦμΦμπβηογο cononiiMepa, npncyTCTByiomero b BOflHOM flMCnepCMM, ΟΟΟΤβΒΠΑΘΤ Ηθ ΜβΗΘΘ ΗΘΜ 1 ΒΘΟ. % ΟΤ ΠΟΠΒθρΓΗ^ΟΜ qy6neHMK3 κοχμ. 3το ηθ αβπηθτοη MaKcmvianbHbiM npepenoM κοπμηθοτβθ ΘΜφΚφΜΠΒΗΟΓΟ COnOnMMepa, KOTOpblii ΜΟΧΘΤ npMCyTCTBOBaTb B flMCnepCMM, nocKonbKy πιοδοίί H36biT0HHbiii οοποπμμθρ, BBoaMMbiPi b peaKMH0HHy»0 CMecb, 6yqeT ocTaBaTbca HenpopearnpoBaBUjMM m, tskmm o6pa30M, oh 5yqeT HanpaBnBTbca Ha ποβτορηοθ ncnonb30BaHne μπμ yqanBTbC3 nocne npeKpameHMB npouecca. OflHaKO o6bNHO κοπμηθοτβο 3μΦμΦμπβηογο cononMMepa, npncyTCTByK)iijero β boahom qncnepcnM, ηθ αοπ>κηο npeBbiiuaTb 20 Bec. % ot noflBepmyToii qy6neHmo ko>km. CornacHO npeqnoHTMTenbHOMy acneKTy, KonnnecTBO aMφnφ^1ΠbHOΓO cononMMepa, ncnonb3yeMoro β αθηηομ cnoco6e, cocTaBrmeT npMMepHo ot 1 qo 10 βθο. % ot noqBepmyTOM qy6neHmo ko>km, m Han6onee npeanoHTMTenbHO 3το κοπμηθοτβο οοοτθβπβθτ οτ 3 no 7 Bec. % ot noflBepmyToii qy6neHMK> ko>km. ΑΜφΜφΜΠΒΗΜΜ ΟΟΠΟΠΜΜβρ ΜΟ)ΚΘΤ 6blTb ΠΟΓ^ΗΘΗ CnOCOSOM Π0ηΜΜβρΜ38ΜΜΜ ΓΜΑρΟφΜΠΒΗΟΓΟ Μ ΓΜίφθφθ6ΗΟΓΟ ΜΟΗΟΜθρΟΒ niOČblM θ6ΐ11ΘΠρΜΗΒΤΜΜ OIOCOOOM. ABTopbi ycTaHOBnnn, ητο >KenaTenbHo ocymecTBneHne nonnMepn3auwn b CMeLUMBaeMOM c Bofloii οπΜρτβ, t3kom KaK TpeT-6yTaHon μπμ 6yTnn Uenno3onbB (Union Carbid Corp.) c ncnonb30BaHneM HepacTBOpMMoro β βοαθ οβοΟοπηο-paflHKanbHoro nHm4naTopa peaKUMM KOHueHTpauMM npMMepHo ot 0,2 Bec.% no 5 Bec. % ot cyMMapHoro Koni/inecTBa μοηομθροβ. npMMepaMM noqxoflflmnx CBo6oqHopafliiKanbHbix MHMLiMaTopoB, KOTopbie MoryT Mcnonb30BaTbcn β paHHOM cnywae, ΒΒπηκ>tc« 3φκρΒΐ HaflKMc/ιοτ m a30coeqnHeHMn. nonnMepn3auna ocymecTBneeTCB npennoHTMTenbHO npw TeMnepaType b npeqenax ot 60°C no npMMepHo 150°C, npennoHTMTenbHO npM TeMnepaType b npeqenax npHMepHO ot 85°C qo 120°C. flnn perynnpoBaHMB MoneKynnpHoro eeca Moryr Mcnonb30BaTbcn areHTbi nepenaHM qenn. nonnMepn3auna μο>κθτ ocymecTBnnTbcn nyTeM nonnMepM3aumi Bcex MOHOMepOB BMecTe μπμ nyTeM nocTeneHHoro BBona 12 ΜΟΗΟΜβρΟΒ Μ MHMlļMaTOpa Β ΤΘΗΘΗΜΘ ΠβρΜΟΑβ ΒρβΜΘΗΜ ΟΤ 1 flO 6 HaCOB flO ΤΘΧ πορ, noKa nonnMepM3aunyi nonHOCTbio ηθ npeKpaTMTca (cTeneHb κοηβθρομμ 6onee ηθμ πρίΊΜβρΗΟ 98%). B pe3ynbTaie ποπμμθρμ3Θμμμ αοοτμγθθτοα KOHLieHTpaumi nonmviepHbix aMφ^lφ^1ΠbHblx TBeppbix BemecTB b pacTBopmene ot npuMepHO 20% flo BnnoTb no 75% c BH3K0CTbK> no Epyi^MnbAy npuMepHO ot 100 no 1000000 caHTnnay3.
CononMMepbi, o6pa3yeMbie c ncnonb30BaHneM οπθΦμηοβηχ ΓΜΑροφοδΗ^χ ΜΟΗΟΜβρΟΒ, Μοτγτ 6biTb nonyHeHbi comacHO npouenype, οπμοθηηομ b naTeHTax CLUA NN A-3968148 m A-4009195. flocne KOHTaKTupoBaHMii noflBepmyTOM ny6neHmo ko>km c 3ΜφΜφΜΓ^ΗΗΜ cononMMepoM 3Ta Kox<a μο>κθτ o6pa6aTbiBaTbca MMHeparibHbiM Hy6nnbHbiM areHTOM pnfi ynyHiueHMfl xapaKTepncTMK pacTB>KMMOCTM μ boaoctomkoctm ko>km. OOpačoTaHHafl TaKMM πγτθΜ Kox<a 6yqeT HMeTb noKa3aienb αμηθμμηθοκομ bOflOCTοmkoctm 6onee ηθμ 15000 μ3γμ6οβ Maeser. npepnoHTMTenbHbiMM MMHepanbHbiMM jqy6nnbHbiMM areHTaMu αβγιαιοτοα xpoMOBbie, anioMMHMeBbie m UnpKOHkieBbie Ay6nnbHbie arembi.
CornacHO npyroMy acneKTy, HacTOiuuee μ3ο6ρθτθημθ 0XBaTbieaeT ynyHweHHbiM cnoco6 o6pa6oTKH ko>km, Koropbiii (οποοοδ) βκπιοη3θτ py6neHMe uiKypbi μπμ Heo6pa6oTaHHofi ko>km oābiHHbiM ny6nnbHbiM areHTOM m HaHeceHne Ha 3Ty πορΒθρΓΗγτγιο ny6neHmo uiKypy μπμ Kox<y boahom flucnepcMM, copepjKauļeii 3φφθΚΤΜΒΗ0θ ΚΟΠΜΗΘΟΤΒΟ, ΠρθρΠΟΗΤΜΤΘΠΒΗΟ ΗΘ ΜΘΗΘΘ 1 B6C. % OT Beca
noflBepmyToii ργδηθΗΜίο uiKypbi μπμ ko>km HepacTBopHMoro b eope flMcnepmpoBaHHoro aMφMφMΠbHOΓo conomiMepa, o6pa3yeMoro M3 npeoānapaiomero κοπμηθοτβ3 no MeHbiueii Mepe οαηογο γμαροΦο6ηογο MOHOMepa, BbiāpaHHoro H3 rpynnbi μοηομθροβ, BKmoHaioiMeii nnHHHOuenHbie θπκμπ(μθτ) aKpnnaTbi, AnMHHOuenHbie θπκοκομ— μπμ θπκμπΦθηοκομ (ποπμθτιιπθηοκομπ) (MeT)aKpnnaTbi, nepBMHHbie θπκθημ, cno>KHbie βμημποβμθ 3φΜρΜ απμηηοαθπηομ anKkinKapāoHOBoii KMcnoTbi μ μχ ομθομ, c He3HaHMTenbHbiM κοπμηθοτβομ no MeHbuueii Mepe οαηογο cononnMepn3yK>merocH BonopacTBopMMoro κμοποτηογο μπμ ΟΟΗΟΒΗΟΓΟ COMOHOMepa C HeHaCbimeHHblMH OTHneHOBblMM 0ΒΠ3ΠΜΜ. flaHHbIM οποοοδ μοχθτ MMeTb npenMymecTBO b οτηοιιιθημμ ynyHuueHna nocneAy»oiueM cyiuKH o6pa6oTaHHOM ko>kh μπμ LUKypbi, h κθκ oahh 3Tan, 3aMeHnioiUMM očbiHHbie 3Tanbi noBTopHoro Ay6neHMH m o6pa6oTKM >kmpobom 3MynbCneii.
CornacHO eme OAHOMy acneioy, paHHoe M3o6peTeHMe npenycMaTpMBaeT KO>xy, KOTopan μο>κθτ MMeTb >xenaTenbHbie xapaKTepMCTMKM, TaKMe, xax npoMbiBaeMOCTb μ(μπμ) cnocoČHOCTb κ cyxoM οημοτκθ.
CornacHO eme OAHOMy acneKTy, αθηηοθ μ3ο6ρθτθημθ oxBaTbieaeT aMφMφMΠbHblM ΟΟΠΟΠΜΜβρ. 13 LV 10878 AMcpMcfMnbHbie cononuMepbi, onncaHHbie b μ3πο>κθηηνχ ημ>κθ npnMepax, nonynaioTcn ophmm H3 cnocoāoB (A-D).
Cnoco6 A.
Bce κομποηθητμ 6epyTcn M3 pacneTa Ha 1000 rpaMMOB (r) MOHOMepa.
Hnn»ocTpMpyeTCfl cnoco6 nonyHeHMfl cononMMepa M3 40 Bec.% θκρμποβομ KMcnoTbi m 60 eec. % CEMA. B HeTbipexropnyio TpexnnTpoByto KpyrnoqoHHyto Kon6y, CHa6xeHHyio MemanKoii, τθρμομθτρομ, oāpaTHbiM xonoflnnbHHKOM m 6π3ηκθτομ c a30T0M, bboubt 900 r τρθτμηηογο 6yTaHona. 3aieM Kon6a HarpeBaeTcn qo 85°C. 3aieM paBHOMepHO b τθηθημθ qByx nacoB c ποοαθρχοημθμ TeMnepaTypbi peaKUMM 85°C βο βοθμ očbeMe Kon6bi b ηθθ ββοαπτ c ποοτοπηηομ CKopocTbio cneflytoinne MOHOMepbi: 400 r aKpunoBoii κμοποτη m 600 r ΜΘΤΜΠ3ΜΚ03ΜΠΜΘΤ3ΚρΜΠ3Τ3 ΒΜΘΟΤΘ C 10 Γ CBOSOflHOpanUKanbHOrO MHMUMaTOpa Vazo 67 (φι^ιρΜΒ E. I. Du Pont de Nemours and Co) m 20 r 3-MepKanTo-προπίΊΟΗΟΒΟΜ KkīcnoTbi b 165 r πθμοημ3μροβ3ηηομ BOflbi Kax areHTa nepeHOca peņu (CTA). Ποοπβ θτογο ββοππτ 1 r Vazo 67 m 5 r τρθτμηηογο 6yTaHona, m TeMnepaTypy peaKUMOHHoii ομθομ noflflep>KMBaK>T paBHOM 85°C b τθηθημθ eme oflHoro naca. 3aTeM peaKUMOHHbiM cocyq oxnaxflaeTca m nonyneHHbiM οοποπμμθρ BnMBaeTca b cocyq. 3tot nonyHaeMbiii οοποπμμθρ c τθορθτμηθοκμμ coqep>KaHMeM TBepqbix BemecTB 48,1 Bec. % μμθθτ peanbHoe οοπθρχοημθ τβθραμχ BemecTB 51,2 Bec. % μ μμθθτ cpeflHeBecoBoii MoneKynnpHbiii eec 10600 μ ορθαηθημοποβομ MoneKynnpHbiii eec 6500.
Cnoco6 B.
Bce κομποηθητβι 6epyTca M3 pacneTa Ha 200 rpaMMOB MOHOMepa. B onMcaHMM naHHoro cnoco6a MnmocTpMpyeTcn nonyneHMe cononMMepa M3 70 eec. % CEMA m 30 Bec. % 2-cynbcj)03TMnMeTaKpMnaTa. PeaKUMOHHaa Kon6a Ta >κθ, hto m b cnocoče A, c tom pa3HML(eM, hto očteM ee cocTaBnaeT 1 ΠΜτρ. B 3Ty Kon6y BBOflMTca 150 r M3onponaHona, m aaHHan Kon6a HarpeBaeTca qo 82°C. B 3Ty HarpeBaeMyio Kon6y (82°C) b τθηθημθ flByx nacoB paBHOMepHO bboobt yKa3aHHyto ημ>κθ MOHOMepHyio cMecb, HMUMaTop m areHT nepeHoca uenn. 3τθ μοηομθρηθα CMecb coqep)KMT 200 r M3onponaHona, 140 r CEMA, 60 r 2- cynb$03TMnMeTaKpnnaTa m 2 r MHMUMaTopa Vazo 67. CTA coqep>KMT 2 rpaMMa 3- MepKanTonponMOHOBOM KMcnoTbi m 25 r M3onponaHona. B KOHue BBona MOHOMepHOM CMeCM, MHMUMaTopa M CTA B peaKUMOHHbiM COCyfl BBOflflT 1 rpaMM Vazo 67 m 10 r M3onponaHona, m 3aTeM TeMnepaTypa b cocyqe noflqep>KMBaeTcn 82°C b τθηθημθ eme οαηογο naca. Πο npomecTBMM θτογο naca peaKUMOHHaa CMecb oxnax<flaeTca, m npoqyKT BHMBaeTca b eMKOCTb. rionyHeHHbiM οοποπμμθρ c τθορθτμηθοκμμ οορθρχοημθμ TBepflbix semecTB 34,7 Bec. % μμθθτ Φθκτμηθθκοθ couep>KaHMe TBepqbix Bemecre 34,3 Bec. %. CpenHeBecoBOM MoneKynnpHbiM Bec 14 cocTaBniieT 13000 m cpeflHeHMcnoBoii MoneKyrmpHbm Bec cocTaBnneT 9660.
Cnoco6 C. flaHHbm cnocoā ocymecTBnfleTCfl comacHO onncaHwo πβτθητοβ CLLIA A-3968148 n A-4009195. MnmocTpnpyeTCfl nonyHeHMe cononuMepa M3 35 Bec. % aKpnnoBofi Ki/īcnoTbi m 65 eec. % reKcapeKaHa. B oflHonnTpoByio KpyrnojņoHHyK) HeTbipexropnyK) Kon6y, CHa6xeHHyio MemanKOti, τβρΜΟΜβτροΜ, očpaTHbiM xonoflnnbHMKOM μ 6π3ηκθτομ c a30T0M, BBOjqaT 450 r reKcapeueHa. 3aTeM Kon6a HarpeBaeTca no 130°C. 3aieM paBHOMepHO β τθηθημθ πβτμ nacoB c πμηθμηομ CKopocTbio c πορρθρχοΗΜβΜ TeMnepaTypbi 130°C b Kon6y bbopbt 120 r aKpnnoBoii KucnoTbi, 30 r reKcaaeueHa m 3 r TpeT-6yTnn6eH3oaTa xax nHimnaiopa peaKLļMM nonnMepn3ai4MM. TeMnepaTypa xon6bi nonflepjKMBaeTca 130°C β τθηθημθ οαηογο naca m 3aTeM HaHMHaeTCfl oxnax<aeHMe μ ββοαμτόα pa36aBmenb (150 r 6yTnnuenno3onbBa (2-6yroKCneTaHona) Union Carbide Corp.). 06pa3yioinMiicfl cononmviep μμθθτ o6mee comep>Kai-Me TBeppbix BemecTB b 6y™nuenno3onbBe 46,2 Bec. % m mvieeT He6onbwoe ocTaTOHHoe κοπμηθοτβο reKcapeueHa.
Cnoco6 D.
MoHOMepbi MoneKynflpHbift Bec AA CEMA 3MPA CpepHeBec. Mori. Bec (MW) CpenHeHMcn. Mon. eec (MW) 300 700 0 69000 24200 300 700 2,5 25100 16500 300 700 6 16650 11300 300 700 20 10000 6500 300 700 40 4500 3400 300 700 60 3000 2400 OueHKa cononnMepoB. nonMMepbi, ncnonb3yeMbie pna nonyHeHHB BbicoKOMoneKyn«pHoro cononuMepa c conpjoKeHHoii πθοτημηηομ CTpyKTypoM (npmviep 5) npuroTaBnuBaiOTca cornacHO cnoco6y A c τοίί pa3HMLieii, ητο κοπμηθοτβο 3-MepKanTonponnoHOBOM KucnoTbi (3MPA) (areHT nepeHoca Lienu μπμ CTA) Μ3ΜβΗ5ΐβτο?ι cnenyioiuMM o6pa30M (Bce nHrpagneHTbi gaHbi β rpaMMax)._
Cnoco6 naHHoro Μ3θ6ρβτβΗΜΑ BKmonaeT o6pa6oTKy κωκ Bbi6paHHbiMM aM$nc{}MnbHbiMki cononuMepaMM. AeTopbi npoBenu oueHKy aM$M0nnbHbix cononnMepoB nyieM conocTaB/ieHMfl ΘοτβτΜΗβοκΜχ xapaKTepncTMK, anacTMHHOCTn n BoaocToiiKOCTM κωκ, o6pa6oTaTaHHbix aM$n$nnbHbiMn cononuMepaMM, c xapaKTepncTMKaMM κωκ, o6pa6oTaHHbix CMHTaHOBbiMM py6unbHbiMM areHTaMM n >KnpoBbiMM 3Mynbci/iBMM. flpoHHOCTb TaKMx o6pa6oTaHHbix κωκ 6bina onpepeneHa 15 LV 10878 ΠγΤΘΜ γΟΠΜΗΘΗΜλ npH paCTpeCKMBHMM 3θρΗ3 Μ ΥΠΠΜΗΘΗΜΑ npM pa3pblBe ΚΟΧΗΟΓΟ LuapMKa. 3τοτ cnocoč očbiHHO ncnorib3yeTCfl b τθχημκθ ρπη ομθηκμ θΦΦθκτμβηοοτμ oobNHbix >KnpoBbix 3MynbCnPi pina CMa3Kn koxm. flaHHoe ncnbīTaHue ocyinecTBnaeTca tbkum o6pa30M, hto eocnpon3BopnT BbiTarMBaHMe koxh Hap canoKHoii KonoflKofi b npopecce μ3γοτοβπθημβ čaujMaKOB c ncnonb30BaHneM nHdpyMeHTa, Ha3bieaeMoro nacTOMeTpoM. IlonocKa oāpačoTaHHoii koxm 3axnMaeTca Ha μθοτθ m 3aieM 30H/ļ BbiTarMBaeT koxy. Ρθοτβχθημθ koxm ripu B03fleiĪCTBMM yCHnna npo6HMKa Μ3ΜβρΒΘΤ0Β B MMn/lHMeTpaX B TOT Μ0ΜΘΗΤ, KOrpa HaHMHaeT Ha6mopiaTbca TpemMHa b 3epHe (”pacTpecKMBaHMe 3epHa") μ β τοηκθ, rpe Koxa pa3pbiBaeTca (”pa3pbiB uiaptiKa"). Ηθμ 6onbme pacTaxeHne npn pacTpecKMBaHMM b 3epHe n npw pa3pbiBe uiapMKa, τθμ 6onbiue οοπροτμβπθημθ pa3fļnpy ΚΟΧΜ. flna ΟΙ4ΘΗΚΜ ΘφφθΚΤΜΒΗΟΟΤΜ βΜφΜφΜΠΒΗΒΙΧ ΟΟΠΟΠΜΜβρΟΒ 6blHM yciaHOBneHbi KpuTepnn pacTaxeHna npn pacTpecKMBaHMM 3epHa n pa3pbiBe tuapHKa 5 yHumm (142 r) pna Kopoebeii ujKypbi, cocTaBnaioiuMe 6onee paBHbie 13 mm m 6onee μπμ paBHbie 15 mm, οοοτβθτοτβθηηο, KaK MMHMManbHoe 3Η8ηθημθ Pina noBbiiueHUB npoHHoeTM b pe3ynbTaTe yKa3aHHofi o6pa6oTKM.
Hapapiy c οαβΗκοίί ποβμιιιθημβ npOHHOCTM koxm, aocwaeMoro 3a οηθτ ΠρΜΜΘΗΘΗΜΒ ΘΜφΜφίΜ^ΗΜΧ ΟΟΠΟΠΜΜβρΟΒ, 6bina ΟΡΘΠβΗβ TaiOKe Κ3ΗΘΟΤΒΘΗΗ3Β oueHKa pacTfDKMMOCTM κοχμ, KOTopaa 6bina conociaBneHa c noKa3aTenaMM pacTBXMMOCTM, flocTuraeMbiMM b pe3ynbTaie o6pa6oTKM očbiHHbiMn areHTaMM noBTopHoro py6neHMa μ χμροβομ 3MynbcneM. PacTaxMMOCTb aBnaeTca noKa3aieneM ynpyrocTM m anacTMHHocTM κοχμ; ηθμ Bbitue pacTaxMMocTb, τθμ nywiue noKa3aienb ynpyrocTM m anacTMHHOCTM κοχμ. Προβθαθηο M3Mepenne pacTflxi/iMOCTM o6pa6oTaHHbix o6pa3UOB κοχμ c μοποπβθοβθημθμ KOMnpeccnoHHoro TecTepa pacTaxeHMa noHTepa-CnpMHra, μοαμΦμιιμροβ3ηηογο cornacHO CTy66nHry: Stubbings and E. Senfelder, JALCA, tom 58, N 1,9\n. 1963 r, n KaK MMHUManbHbiki κρμτθρμμ 5bin yciaHOBneH noKa3aTenb ρθοτβχμμοοτμ ηθ ΜΘΗΘΘ, ΗΘΜ 155 ΜΜΠ (3,91 MM). ΚρΟΜΘ ΚΟΠΜΗΘΟΤΒΘΗΗΟΜ 014ΘΗΚΜ ΧβρβΚΤβρΜΟΤΜΚ ΠρΟΗΗΟΟΤΜ Μ paCTaXMMOCTM, aBTopbi npOBOpunu τθιοκθ κοπμηθοτβθηκ^ιο oqeHKy pa3pbiBHbix xapaKT©pncTMK o6pa6oTaHHOM κοχμ.
KpoMe τογο, jpaeanacb τθιοκθ oueHKa μητθηομβηοοτμ orreHKa OKpamMBaHMn pina obbiHHbiM o6pa30M o6pa6oTaHHbix m noflBepmyTbix xpoMOBOMy py6neHmo 06pa3L40B ΚΟΧΜ Β ΟΟΠΟΟΤβΒΠΘΗΜΜ C Κ0Χ3ΜΜ, nOflBeprHyTblMM ΧρΟΜΟΒΟΜγ ΑγδΠΘΗΜΙΟ, OČpaČOTaHHblMM ΗΜφΜφΜΠΒΗΜΜΜ ΟΟΠΟΠΜΜΘρβΜΜ. ΗβΜ BbILUe MHT0HCMBHOCTb 0ΤΤΘΗΚ3 ΚρβΟΜΤΘΠΛ, ΤΘΜ 6θΠ0θ BblCOKaa MHTeHCMBHOCTb ΟΤΤΘΗΚΘ OKpaujMBaHMa pina ριθηηογο βθοοβογο προαθητηογο κοπμηθοτβθ KpacMTena.
Bbino ΟΤΜΘΗΘΗΟ, HTO ΚΟΧΜ, OČpaSOTaHHblO aMφ^1φ^1ΠbHblMH cononuMepaMM, 16 oTBeHaioiuMMM jqaHHOMy μ3ο6ρθτθημκ>, cyiuaTca SbicTpee no βρθμθημ b xoqe nocnenyiomMX onepauMM. 3to ynyHuieHMe b οτηοιπθημμ βρθμθημ coKpameHMn ΒΡΘΜΘΗΜ CyUJKM Hap5iqy C B03M0)KH0CTbK) ΜΟΚΠΙΟΗΘΗΜΗ, ΠΟ ΙφΒΜΗΘΜ Μβρβ, 3Tana ΜΟκροΜ o6pa6oTKM, o6ecneHMBaeT nononHMTenbHbiM θκοηομμηθοκμμ οφφβκτ μ οοχρβΗΘΗΜΘ θΗβρΓΘΤΜΗβοκΜΧ pacxoqoB πρΜ ocymecTBneHMM cnoco6a flaHHoro Μ3θ6ρΘΤΘΗΜΗ.
Bbino o6Hapy>KeHO, hto cornacHO npeqnoHTMTenbHOMy cnoco6y naHHoro Μ3θ6ρΘΤΘΗΜΑ 06pa60TKa ΚΟΧ BbIČpaHHbIMM aMφMφMΠbHblMM ΟΟΠΟΠΜΜβρΘΜΜ ΗΘ TonbKO ynyHLuaeT yKa3aHHbie Bbime Φμ3μηθοκμθ μ θοτθτμηθοκμθ xapaKTepMCTMKM ko>km, ho m oāecneHMBaeT B03M0>KH0CTb ynyHuieHMB xapaKTepMCTMKM BOflOCTOMKOCTM o6pa6oTaHHoii KOJKM Μ, ΚρΟΜΘ ΤΟΓΟ, 00Hapy>KeH0, HTO ΘΟΠΜ KO>Ka, o6pa6oTaHHa« aMφMφMΠbHblM οοποπμμθρομ, aanee noneepranacb οδρβδοτκβ MMHepanbHbiM qy6MnbHbiM θγθητομ, to nonyHeHHan b pe3ynbTaTe κοχο OTBenaeT Tpe6oBaHMBM BOfloorranKMBaHMB nonynaeMOM b κοηθηηομ μτογθ ko>km. Ποο MCn0nb3yeMblM 3flecb ΠΟΗΠΤΜΘΜ ”BOflOOTTanKMBaHMe” ΗΘ ΜΜΘΘΤΟΠ B0BC6 Β BMfly, hto «o>Ka HMKorna ηθ qon>KHa BnMTbieaTb Boqy μπμ, hto β ηθθ ημκογήβ ηθ qon>KHa npocaHMBaTbca Boqa npM nto6bix ycnoBMnx; stot τθρμμη Mcnonb3yeTca b tom CMbīcne, hto noflpa3yMeeaeT 6onee BbicoKyio CTeneHb boaoctomkoctm, ηθμ OābIHHOe ΠΟΗΠΤΜΘ ’ BOflOCTOMKMM”, MCn0nb3yeM0e B flaHHOM OnMCaHMM.
BonocTOMKOCTb ko>k, o6pa6oTaHHbix βμΦμΦμπβημμ οοποπμμθρομ, μ KOHTpOnbHblX KO>K, ΟΠρΘΑΘΠΠΘΤΟΠ flByMfl pa3flenbHblMM MCnblTaHMBMM. Πθρβοθ Ha3blBaeTCn flMHaMMHeCKMM Μ0ΠΒΙΤ3ΗΜΘΜ Ha CTOMKOCTb K ΟΟΠΘΗΟΜ BOfle. Β 3T0M
McnbīTaHMM Mcnonb3yeTcsi McnbīTaTenbHbiM πρΜδορ BoaoneHeTpauMM Maesn, cooTBeTCByioinMM ACTM fl-20009-70. PerMCTpMpyeTca ημοπο μ3γμ6οβ Maesn, KOTOpbie Heo6xoqMMbi ηππ τογο, HToābi Bbi3BaTb npocaHMBaHMe BOflbi b κο>κγ. i1ocKonbKy β 3T0M McnbīTaHMM Mcnonb3yeTcn coneHan Boqa, to x<enaTenbHo npeqcKa3biBaTb CTOMKOCTb ko>km k ποβρθχφθημιο ηθ TonbKO ot BOflbi, ho m ot βηποτθβθημπ. Ημοπο μ3γμ6οβ Maesn čonee 15000 πβππθτοπ MMHMManbHbiM κρμτθρμθμ, ycTaHOBneHHbiM b CLUA βοθηηβιμ βθπομοτβομ Αππ kojkm canor. 06pa6oTaHHbie ko>km oueHMBaiOTcn TatoKe nyTeM οτβτμηθοκογο μοπντθημπ Ha nomomaeMOCTb BOflbi, cornacHO κοτοροΜγ o6pa3L|bi ko>k, o6pa6oTaHHbix ΘΜφΜφΜΠΒΗΒΙΜ ΟΟΠΟΠΜΜΘΡΟΜ, ΠΟΓργΧΟΚΠΌΠ B BOfly Ha flBa Haca npM KOMHaTHOM TeMnepaType, m 3aTeM 3Ta κοχο CHOBa β3βθιιιμβ3Θτοπ qnn onpeqeneHnn npoueHTa nornomaeMOM stom κοχθμ Bojļbi. Ηθμ ημ>κθ npoueHT πογποιιιθημπ BOflbi. τθμ āonbuie CTOMKOCTb κο>κμ k βοοθ. CornacHO τθχημηθοκμμ υοποβμπμ, pa3pa60TaHHblM BOeHHbIM BefļOMCTBOM CUJA, Ha nornOlHeHMe BOflbl B CTaTMHeCKMX ycnoBMnx McnbīTaHMM, BOflonornomaeMocTb cocTaBnneT μθηθθ μπμ paBHa 30%.
OueHKa πθμοτβμπ ΘΜφΜφίΊΓ^ΗΗΧ οοποπΜΜβροΒ npM o6pa6oTKe noflBepmyTbix 17 LV 10878 fly6neHMK) κο>κ (npouenypa F) conocraBniinacb c κοι-nponbHbiM npoueccoM, MCnOnb3yeMblM flflJI 06blHHblX areHTOB ΠΟΒΤΟρΗΟΓΟ fly6neHM51 M *MpOBblX 3MynbCMM (npouenypa E). Bce ko*m (ecnn ηθ ογοβορθηο oco6o) 6binn npuroTOBneHbi M3 5-yHueebix (142 rpaMMa) (eec μοχοαηογο cbipba) KopoBbnx ujKyp, nonBepmyTbix ūy6neHwo χρομομ. OflHaKO stm npoqenypbi 6binn npMMeHMMbi qrm qpyrnx τμποβ uiKyp h ko*, TaKMX KaK nonBepmyTayi xpoMOBOMy ny6neHnio cBMHaa Ko*a, nonBepmyTafl xpoMOBOMy ny6neHMO OBenba uiKypa, noflBepmyTaa qyāneHwo pacTMTenbHbiMM aKCTpaKTaMM OBenba ujKypa, m t. q. nDouenvDa E: KOHTDonb.
Bce eecoBbie θαμημμμ β3βτμ ot eeca ομηθμ cbipbeBoii Maccbi (to ecTb 100% 03HanaeT Bec, paBHbiii eecy cbipba b čapačaHe). 1) Bce cbipbe noflBepraeTca necaTMMMHyTHoii βοαηομ npoMbiBKe b OTKpbiTOM noMemeHMM ripu TeMnepaiype 32°C. 2) K 3T0My npoqyKTy no6aBrmeTCfl 200% nnaByneM Maccbi (noq nnaByneii Maccoti nMeeTCfl b BMfly Boqa: 200% nnaByHeii Maccbi 03Ha4aeT bboa flByKpaTHoro KonMHecTBa BOflbi κ ncxoflHoii Macce CbipbJi) ripu TeMnepaType 32°C, m 3aTeM floOaBnaeTCfl 1% HeiiTpanM3yioiuero arema n 1% 5nKap6oHaTa 3μμοημβ. CMecb nepeMeuuMBaeTca b 6apa6aHe b τβπβΗΜβ 120 MMHyT. 3) 3aieM cbipbe Bbirpy*aeTca M3 6apa6aHa m b TeneHne 10 MMHyT cbipbe npoMbiBaeTca Boqoii c TeMnepaTypoM 55°C b OTKpbiTOM πομθιμθημμ. 4) K 3tom Macce cbipbfl flOčaBnaeTCfi 100% nnaBy4eii Maccbi ripu TeMnepaType 46—54°C. 5) OčbiHHbiM areHT noBīopHoro ny6neHMfl, ncnonb3yeMbM KaK Kmponb (6,6% JleiiKOTaHa 974 npw 30%-hom coqep*aHMM TBepqbix Bemecra, hto SKBMBaneHTHO 2% aKTMBHoro JleiiKOTaHa) pa36aBnaeTCfl paBHbiM BecoBbiM κοπμμθοτβομ BOflbi m BBOflMTca b 6apa6aHHyio CMecb nepe3 χβοοτοβοθ oTBepcTne (oTBepcTvte 6apa6aHa). CMecb nepeMeiiiMBaeTca b 6apa6aHe β τβΜβΗΜβ 60 MMHyT. 6) 3aieM b 6apa6aH BBOflmca KMcnoTHbiii Kpacrnenb (0,5% flepMa OpaH*eBoro 2R, npenBapuTenbHO pacTeopemnoro b ropaneii Boqe), m CMecb nepeMeiuMBaeTca b 6apa6aHe β τβπβΗΜβ 20 MtiHyT. 7) BBOflMTCH 1 % MypaBbMHoii KucnoTbi (npeflBapMTenbHO pa36aBneHHoPi qo nonyHeHMa 1 0%-ηογο pacTBopa) qna 3aKpenneHMH OKpameHHoro cbipba. 8) BapačaH onycTouiaeTca, m Cbipbe npoMbiBaeTca βοαομ β TeneHne 10 MMHyT b OTKpbiTOM noMeiueHMM ripu TeMnepaType 35°C. 9) B cbipbe BBOflMTca 100% nnaBy4efi Maccbi ripu 55°C, m 3aTeM počaBnaeTca *npOBaa 3MynbcnB (cyrib({)MpoBaHHafl 6%-hmm Mopmtom 6-82 *Mpoeafl 3Mynbcna (70% aKTMBHoro MHrpaqneHTa), flncneprnpoBaHHaB b 20% Boqbi npu TeMnepaType 55°C), nocne nero CMecb nepeMeuiMBaeTca b 6apa6aHe β τβΜβΗΜβ 40 μμη\π\ 18 10) 3aieM bbopmtcb 0,5% MypaBbMHoii κμοποτμ ρππ 3aKpenneHMB, m 3aTeM Cbipbe nepeMeuiMBaeTCB b 6apa6aHe b τθηθημθ 10 ΜΜΗγτ, nocne sēro Bbirpy>KaeTca M3 6apa6aHa. 11) 3tot 3Tan πβπηθτοπ npoM3BonbHbiM 3TanoM, 3aKniOHaiomeMcn b nocnepy»oiueM o6pa6oTKe MMHepanbHbiM ny6nnbHbiM areHTOM. B ρθηηομ cnynae ncnonb3yeTCB xpoM. PacTBop, πρμγοτοβπθηηημ M3 100% nnaByneM Maccbi, 3% TaHonnHa M-1 m 0,5% MypaBbMHOM κμοποτμ, 3a 0,5-4 naca po ero Mcnonb30BaHMB, bbopmtcb b cbipbeByio Maccy h ocymecTBnBeTca nepeMemuBaHue b 6apa6aHe b ΤΘΗΘΗΜΘ 60 MMHyT npM 35°C. 12) Cbipbe npoMbiBaeTCfl b τθηθημθ 10 MMHyT b οτκρντομ πομθιρθημμ npM 27°C. 13) 3aTeM cbipbe Bbine>KMBaeTCfl (co6paHHbiM b CTonKy) b τθηθημθ hohm. 14) 3aTeM oho pa3BeujMBaeTca (pnn pa3ma>KMBaHMfi m ypaneHMn M36biTKa enarM) m noflBepraeTCB BaxyyMHOM cyuJKe b τθηθημθ 2 MMHyT npM TeMnepaType 70°C. 15) flanee cbipbe βμβθτρμββθτοα (bmcmt no cyxoro οοοτοαημλ) β τθηθημθ hohm m KOHjqMLiMOHMpyeTCB β τθηθημθ 1-7 ρηθμ npM κομη3τηομ TeMnepaType 72°F (22°C), OTHOCMTenbHOM Bna>KHOCTM 60%, m 3aTeM pacTarMBaeTcn Ha 6θππκθ (μπμ mbthmtcb) (μθχθημηθοκοθ μβγηθημθ). nooueovpa F. flaHHan npopepypa ocymecTBnflnacb npM ορηοθτθπηομ npopecce ποβτορηογο ny6neHMa m o6pa6oTKe >kmpobom 3MynbCMeM aM(pMCf)MnbHbix οοποπμμθροβ, 0TBenaK)mMx paHHOMy μ3ο6ρθτθημκϊ. Bce BecoMbie noKa3aTenM B3flTbi ot eeca ομηθμ cbipbeeoM Maccbi μπμ ppyroii nopBeprHyTOM py6neHMio iuKypbi. 1) Cbipbe nooBepraeTca bophom npoMbiBKe npM 40°C β τθηθημθ 15 MMHyT b OTKpbITOM ΠΟΜΘΐρθΗΜΜ. 2) K 3T0My cbipbio floāaBnaeTCfl 200% nnaByneM Maccbi npM 40°C, nocne nero flo6aBnneTCB 1% HeMTpanM3yiomero areHTa m 1% 6MKap6oHaTa ρμμοημα, m CMecb nepeMeiuMBaeTca β 6apa6aHe β τθηθημθ 120 MMHyT. 3) 3aTeM 6apa6aH onycToiuaeTcn m Cbipbe nopBepraeTca bophom npoMbiBKe β ΤΘΗΘΗΜΘ 15 MMHyT B OTKpbITOM ΠΟΜΘΙΙ1ΘΗΜΜ ΠρΜ 50°C. 4) OcymecTBnneTcn npepeapMTenbHoe pMcneprMpoBaHMe cononMMepa nyTeM nepBOHasanbHoro BBopa b nnaByHyio Maccy πμ6ο rappaTa okmcm HaTpMB (b cnynae, Korpa cononMMep nonyHaeTca M3 κμοποτηογο TMppocpMnbHoro MOHOMepa), πμ6ο MypaBbMHoii KMcnoTbi (b cnynae, Korpa cononMMep o6pa3yeTca M3 ochobhoto TMPpO$MnbHOrO MOHOMepa) Β ΚΟΠΜΗΘΟΤΒΘ, POCTaTOHHOM ΡΠΒ ΗβΜΤρΒΠΜ3ΒΙ_|ΜΜ ΠΟ MeHbuieM Mepe 50% ποπμμθρηομ KMcnoTbi μπμ ποπμμθρηογο οοηοββημπ, β 33BMCMM0CTM οτ oācTonTenbCTB. 3βτθΜ paHHbiM cononMMep pMcneprMpyeTcn Β 19 LV 10878 100% nnaByneM Maccbi, m cMecb nepeMeujMBaeTca b 6apa6aHe b τθηθημθ 60 ΜΜΗγτ npn TeMnepaiype 50°C. 3tot aivKt^MnbHbiii οοποπμμθρ bbopmtca b κοπμηθοτβθ 6 Bec. % ot Beca Cbipba, ecriM ηθ yKa3aH0 ppyroro 3ηθηθημη. 5) B 3Ty Maccy bbopmtch κμοιοτημμ Kpacmenb (0,5% flepMa OpaH)KeBoro 2R, npenBapuTenbHO pacTBopeHHoro b ropaneii βορθ) m ocymecTBnyieTCfl nepeMeiiJMBaHue b 6apa6aHe β τθηθημθ 20 MMHyT npM 50°C. 6) B cnynae Mcnonb30BaHMa κμοποτηογο γμαροΦμπβηογο coMOHOMepa bbopmtcb 1 προρβΗΤ MypaBbMHOM KMCHOTbl (10% paCTBOp) flHfl 3aKpenneHMfl (ορμή ΠρορθΗΤ 6MKap6oHaia HaipMa b cnyHae, Korpa Mcnonb3yeTCfi ochobhom rMppo$MfibHbiM οομοηομθρ) m CMecb nepeMeuiMTBaeTca b 6apa6aHe β τθηθημθ 10 MMHyT npM TeMnepaType 50°C. 7) Bapa6aH onycToiuaeTC?i, m cbipbe προμηβθτοβ β τθηθημθ 15 MMHyT b OTKpbITOM ΠΟΜΘΙΜΘΗΜΜ ΠρΜ 35°C. 8) flaHHbiM 3Tan (KaK m 3Tan 11 b npopepype E) ββπηθτοα npoM3BonbHbiM 3TanoM, 3aK^iOHaK)inMMCii b nocnepyioineM o6pa6oTKe MMHepanbHbiM py6MnbHbiM areHTOM, b paHHOM cnynae χρομομ. PacTBop, πρμγοτοβπθηημμ M3 100% nnaByHei/i Maccbi, 3% TaHOJiMHa M-1 m 0,5% MypaebMHOM KMcnoTbi (πρμγοτοβπθη 3a 0,5-4 naca po Mcnonb30BaHMa) BBOflMTca b CbipbeByio Maccy m nepeMeiuMBaeTca b 6apa6aHe β τθηθημθ 60 MMHyT npM 35°C. 9) 3aTeM Cbipbe npoMbieaeTca β τθηθημθ 15 MMHyT β OTKpbITOM πομθιρθημμ npM 35°C. 10) 3θτθμ cbipbe Bbine>KMBaeTca β τθηθημθ hohm. 11) 3aTeM cbipbe BbiBeujMBaeTca m nopBepraeTca eai<yyMHOM cyuJKe β τθηθημθ 2 MMHyT npM 70°C. 12) 3aTeM cbipbe BbiBeTpMBaeTca β τθηθημθ hohm m KOHjļMpMOHMpyeTca b τθηθημθ 1-7ρηθμ npM ποοτοηηηομ κομη3τηομ TeMnepaType (72°F (22°C) npM OTHOCMTenbHoii Bfia>KHOCTM 60%) m 3aTeM nopBepraeTca μηγηθημιο.
CnepyeT noqHepKHyTb, hto npopepypa F, cny>Kainaa pna ποβτορηογο py6neHMa m o6pa6oTKM >kmpobom 3MynbCMeii noflBepmyTbix py6neHMK> ujKyp c Mcnonb3oeaHMeM aM0M$MnbHbix cononMMepoB, οτβθηθιοιρμχ paHHOMy μ3ο6ρθτθημιο, Tpe6yeT nMiub 12 3TanoB no cpaBHeHMio c 15 STanaMM, Tpe6yeMbiMM pna oābiHHoii npopepypbi; MCKniOHaeTca 3Tan 3aKpenneHMB m npoMbiBKM m OTpenbHbiii pononHMTenbHbiM 3Tan o6pa6oTKM >kmpobom 3MynbCMeii. Jļna MnmocTpapMM paHHoro μ3ο6ρθτθημα paiOTcsi HM>xecnepyioiuMe npMMepbi m npepcTaBneHHbie pe3ynbTaTbi, nonyHeHHbie npM προβθρθημμ McnbiTaTenbHbix npopepyp. 3tm npMMepbi cny>KaT nMiub pna MnmocTpapMM, ho ηθ pna orpaHMHeHMa Μ3θ6ρθΤΘΗΜΒ, Μ ΟΠΘΡΜΘΠΜΟΤΜ Β paHHOM οδΠΘΟΤΜ MOTyT BBOflMTb ΜΟΡΜφΜΙΟΡΜΜ. Πρμμθρ 1. 06pa6oTKa κο>κμ. Β flaHHOM npMMepe paeica conocTaBneHne cnocoča naHHoro μ3ο6ρθτθημη c οδρβδοτκοίί κωκ aMtpmļiMnbHbiM οοποπμμθρομ, c kojkamm, nony4eHHbiMM c HCn0nb30BaHMeM 06bl4HblX ny6nnbHblX CpeflCTB M >KHpOBblX 3MyribCMM. B Ka>KflOM cny4ae b KanecTBe cy6cTpaia ncnonb30Banacb 5- yHueeaa (142-rpaMMOBafl) ομηαα CbipbeBaa Macca, noflBepmyTaa ny6neHmo. Ko>km, noflBepmyTbie o6pa6cm<e θΦΦθκτμβημμμ KonuMecTBaMM αμΦμΦμγ^ηογο cononuMepa, OTBenaiOT μπμ flaxe npeBOCxon«T Tpe6yeMbie KOHeHHbie xapaKTepMCTMKM, BKmoHan nnoTHOCTb (noKa3aTenb πποτηοοτμ), pa3pbiBaeM0CTb, pacTJOKMMOCTb m npoHHOCTb ^απμηθημπ npn pa3pbiBe ujapMKa n o6pa30BaHMM TpeiuMHbi 3epHa) μ MHTeHCMBHocTb orreHKa OKpauiMBaHMfl μ, κροΜβ τογο, ohm npeBocxon«T o6pa6oTaHHyrc> očbiMHbiM cnocoāoM «o>Ky β οτΗοιυβΗΜΜ boqoctomkoctm. ΚροΜβ τογο, npoueflypa F μμθθτ npeMMymecTBO b tom, hto Tpe6yeT MeHbiuee κοπμηθοτβο STanoB, ηθμ npoqejqypa E.
Chocku k Ta6nnue 1. 1) JļMHaMMHecKafl BOAOCTOMKOCTb M3Mepanacb Ha aHariM3aTope BoponeHeTpauMM Maeser cornacHO ACTM fl 2099-70 (ποετορΗΟ ποατβθρχαθηημμ CTaHpapT b 1984 ropy). Hcnonb3yeMbiM npnēop μθγοτοβπθη Φμρμομ Koehler Instrument Co, Hbio-Ιλορκ. OnpepenneMbiM napaMeip - hmcao αμκποβ ao μομθητ3 pa3pbiea 3a οηθτ neHeTpauMM BOflbi b Ko>Ky. 3η3ηθημθ » 15000 μ3γμ6οβ πβπηθτοπ noKa3aTeneM cornacHO τθχημηθοκμμ ycnoBMHM βοθηηογο βθαομοτβα CIJUA, o6ecneHMBaiomMM BOflOOTanKMBaHMe cano>KHOM ko>km. 2) CTaTUMecKaa a6cop6uMfl BOflbi: čpami HaBecKy o6pa3Lia kojkm pa3MepaMM 4 flioiiMa x 4 flKDiiMa (101,6 mm x 101,6 mm) m noMemanM ee b Bopy ripu κομη3Τηομ TeMnepaType cpokom Ha 2 naca. 3aTeM stot o6pa3eu ποβτορηο B3BeujMBann m perncTpnpoBanii npoueHT yBeriMHeHMfl eeca. CornacHO τθχημηθοκμμ ycnoBMflM, pa3pa6oTaHHbiM BoeHHbiM βθαομοτβομ CUJA, αππ cano>KHOM kox<m sto 3HaneHMe flOn>KHO COCTaBnSITb 30% ΜΠΜ μθηθθ. 3) Pa3pbiBaeM0CTb: pa3pbieaeM0CTb ko>km onpeflenneTca KaK KapTMHa MenbHaiiuiMx cKnapoK, o6pa3yeMbix Ha BbinyKnoM 3θρημοτομ ποβθρχηοοτμ, Korpa OHa M3rM6aeTca BbinyKnocTb»o BHyTpb. OTcyTCTBMe μπμ η3πμημθ HecKonbKMx τοηκμχ CKnaflOK ηβπηθτοπ npeflnoHTMTenbHOM KapTMHOM nepep HanMHMeM rpy6bix CKnaflOK. Pa3pbiBaeM0CTb oueHMBaeTcn KanecTBeHHo οπθμμ3πμοτ3μμ, ΚΟΜΠΘΤΘΗΤΗΜΜΜ B flaHHOM o6naCTM. 4) PacTiOKMMOCTb: noKa3aTenb ynpyrocTM μ θπαοτμηηοοτμ ko>km.
PacTfOKMMOCTb M3MepaeTCsi Ha McnbīTaTenbHOM npM6ope κομπρθοομοηηογο η3τη>κθημ51 ΓlOHTepa-CnpMHra, μοαμΦμαμροβ3ηηογο cornacHO Stubbings LV 10878 2l
Stubbings m Eienbilder, JALCA, tom 58, N 1, BHBapb 1963 r. noKa3aTenn patoTca b Mnncax (caHTMMeipax). Ηθμ Bbiiue stot noKa3aTenb, τθμ b čonbīueii οτθπθημ CMa3aH Maiepnan. 5) OnpeneneHne npoHHocTM μπμ CMa3biBaHHfl ko>kh. flaHHoe ncnbīTaHue ocynecTBnaeTCfl tbkmm o6pa30M, hto Bocnpon3BopMT pacTBJKeHne ko>km Hap οδγΒΗοίί κοπορκοίί β xope μ3γοτοβπθημη 6aujMaKa. JļaHHbiti npw6op Ha3biBaeTca nacTOMeTpoM. nonocKa ko>km 3aKpennaeTCB Ha μθοτθ, nocne ηθγο npoČHMK HaiaruBaeT KO*y. Μ3μθρηθτοη pacTB>KeHMe κοχμ β μομθητ, Korpa HaānjopaeTCfl Hanano pacTpecKMBaHmi 3epHa (μπμ Bbiciyna) (pacT5i>KeHMe npn pacTpecKMBaHMM 3epHa) β τοηκθ, rpe nponcxopnT pa3pbiB ko>km (pa3pbiB ujapMKa). Ηθμ 6onbiue pacTB>KeHMe ripu pacipecKUBaHMM 3epHa n pa3pbiBe uiapuKa, τθμ 6onbuue npoHHOCTb ko>km Ha pa3pnp. 6) > 03HanaeT āonbīue μπμ paBHO. 7) CpaBHHT.'.cpaBHMTeribHbiM npMMep (3Ta a66peBnaTypa ncnonb3yeica μ b nocnepyKDipnx npnMepax). 8) Cr 03HasaeT TaHonHH M-1, κομμθρηθοκμμ npopyKT, BbinycKaeMbiii φΜρΜοΡί Hamblett and Hayes; 39% ochobhom cynb$aT xpoMa β φορΜβ nopoiuKa, copepjKainHM θκβμβθπθητ 25% Cr203 (oKMCb xpoMa). L-974 03HanaeT fleMKOTan 974, κομμθρηθοκμμ aKpnnoBbiii areHT ποβτορηογο py6neHv\9\ (BcnoMoraTenbHbiM fly6nnbHbiii areHT) BbinycKaeMbiM φΜρΜοίί Rohm and Haos Co.
MopnT G-82 - KOMMepnecKafl cy/^MpoBaHHafl >KnpoBa« 3MynbCMfl. ΑΜφ. 03HaHaeT 3ΜφΜφΜΓ^ΗΗίί οοποπμμθρ = 70/30 βθο./βθο. CEMA/A (0μητθ3 A). Bce 3arpy3KM 6epyTCH KaK βθοοβομ προρβΗΤ θκτμβηογο MHrpapMeHTa b pacneTe ot βθοοβογο KominecTBa nopBepmyToro xpoMOBOMy py6neHMio cbipbfl. 9) TR - Κ03φφΜ14ΜΘΗΤ TOnUļMHbl, KOTOpbIM ΒΒΠΑΘΤΟΑ napaMeTpOM ΠΠΟΤΗΟΟΤΜ. TR - 3T0 0ΤΗ011ΙΘΗΜΘ TOnulMHbl ΤΒΘρρΟΓΟ CHOB ΠΟΟΠΘ OnpaČOTKM βΓΘΗΤΟΜ ΠΟΒΤΟρΗΟΓΟ py6neHHB h jkmpobom 3MynbCMeM (Unu ΘΜφΜφΜΓ^ΗΜΜ οοποπμμθρομ) k τοπιρμηθ Μοκροίί ομηθμ Maccbi ρο o6pa6oTKM. 10) DS - MHTeHCHBHOCTb 0ΤΤΘΗΚ3 OKpaiUHBaHHfl. LUKana ΟΜΘΗΚΜ 3Τ0Γ0 noKa3aTena β npepenax ot 5 (03HanaeT CMnbHbiM οττθηοκ OKpaiuMBaHMa) po 1 (cna6biPi οττθηοκ OKpaujMBaHMfl).
Bonee μητθηομβημμ οοτθηοκ OKpaujMBaHMa pna 3apaHHoro βθοοβογο npopeHTa KpacMTena, ββορμμογο b Kox<y, peMOHCTpnpyeT npenMyuļecTBa b οτηοιι]Θημμ 3φφΘΚΤΜΒΗ00ΤΜ H 3K0H0MMHH0CTM. in X o 0 X £6 S x
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Bce nonMMepbi, M/iniocTpMpyeMbie b naHHOM npuMepe, CMHTe3Mpy»0Tc« cornacHO cnoco6y A. Bce ko>km o6pa6aTbiBa»OTca cornacHO npouenype F c ncnonb30BaHneM 6 Bec. % TBepflbix cononnMepHbix BemecTB οτ βθοοβογο KonMHecTBa CMHeii Maccbi cbipba, m c ocymecTBneHneM, no KenaHMio, nocnenyioinero 3Tana o6pa6oTKM ΧΡΟΜΟΜ. iļaHHbiii npMMep neMOHCTpnpyeT yflMBMTenbHbie npeMMymecTBa cononMMepHbix Κ0ΜΠ03ΜΙ4ΜΜ, COflep>KamMX ΟΤ 6θΠΘΘ ΗΘΜ ΠρΜΜβρΗΟ 10 ΒΘΟ. % flO ΜΘΗΘΘ ΜΘΜ npMMepHO 50 Bec. % γμαροΦμπβηογο MOHOMepa μ οτ 6onee ηθμ npMMepHO 50 Bec. % po ΜβΗββ ηθμ npMMepHO 90 Bec. % ΓΜρροφοβΗΟΓο MOHOMepa. Πρμμθρ 3.
DpvrMe rMDPoefaoSHbie MOHOMepbi. flaHHbiM npMMep MnniocTpMpyeT pe3ynbTaTbi o6pa6oTKM κωκ BbičpaHHbiMM aMφMφMΠbHblMM nOnMMepHbIMM Κ0ΜΠ03ΜΙ4ΜΗΜΜ, ΠρΜΓΟΤΟΒΠβΗΗΜΜΜ C MCn0nb30BaHMeM pa3nMHHblX Bbl6paHHblX ΓΜΡρθφθ6ΗΗΧ ΜΟΗΟΜβρΟΒ. COCTaB Bcex MaiepManoB 6bin cneayiOLHMM:30 Bec. % AA m 70 Bec. % BbičpaHHoro ΓΜρροφοδΗΟΓΟ MOHOMepa. B TaāriMue 3 noKa3aHbi pa3nMHHbie BbičpaHHbie ΓΜρροφοδΗΒΐβ MOHOMepbi, KOTopbie MoryT 6bUb Mcnonb30BaHbi, m npeMMyiyecTBa cnocoāa naHHOrO Μ3θ6ρβΤβΗΜΑ npM MCnonb30BaHMM Τ3ΚΜΧ nOnMMepHblX Κ0ΜΠ03ΜΙ4ΜΜ Πβρβρ OČblHHblMM Κ0ΜΠ03Μ14ΜΗΜΜ (HanpMMep, CTMpon/ KMCJlOTa ΜΠΜ ΒΜΑ/KMCnOTa). Πο CpaBHeHMIO C COnOCTaBMMbIMM ΠΟ/lMMepHblMM Κ0ΜΠ03ΜΜΜΗΜΜ, Κ0ΜΠ03ΜΙ4ΜΜ, 0ΤΒβΗ3Ι0Ι11Μβ HaCTOfllHeMy Μ3θ6ρβΤβΗΜΚ>, Π0ΙΟ33ΠΜ yflMBMTenbHbie ynyMiueHM5ļ xapaKTepMCTMK npoHHocTM ko>km (pacTa>KMMOCTb m pacTfi>KeHMa npM pacipecKMBaHMM 3epHa m pa3pbme uiapMKa), a Tao<e ynyHiueHMe xapaKTepMCTMK BOflOCTOMKOCTM flaHHOM KO)KM. LV 10878
Taānuua 2. AM$M0nnbHbie CMHTaHOBbie κομπο3Μρμμ. Βπμηημθ KonunecTBa TMflpocfjMnbHoro MOHOMepa. tx S X 05 * K l— o 03 CL co cΰ 3 s m ejas ® o. 3 ^2 COinCONCDi-OtMOSCONNO- ^1 T— 1— T— 1— T— CVICVJCVJt— 1— -I— 1— -I— 6 o) 05 s α i co Η ΙΟ I oma CŪ S 03 Cl co $2 T-gjoļCvjco-'a-cD'o-'ši-'^rcocvji- J3 I— o o ls * s. K o § i >155(0,39) 128(0,33) 101(0,26) 109(0,28) 167(0,42) 179(0,45) 204(0,52) 224(0,57) 213(0,54) 214(0,54) 172(0,44) 167(0,42) 137(0,35) 120(0,30) J3 κ δ _ to o 5 O >s 05 o ® 5" 1- sO 3 s o η ļ— O . c: (0 lļ O L /ΓΟΦΟ O ca ca cz £ ^SmT-'O-cDcocvjin^cncDOiOJ y v ~r^.LT5Lnu-)c\ioJCMOjc\j<\icDco ŪC CŪ * o O C 05 i O X S s Ο x co 5 l·- o 11 ¢1 Ξ 1=1 O i_ s Ο o CO d CŪ *C S >15 000 >1 000 30 100 219 5 660 23 500 89 600 121 300 116 900 116 700 119 700 50 760 651 336 i< s UJ 05 o o u c · Ά 6 O 03 * 03 cL o t- oooc\iinoo cDomooom Ώ Lfi tD ifi CD N O GO CO CO 05 05 c o d. 05 < Έ < X 5 C Ο φ EZ m o; )S 03 co .. ο Λ 3 * I o X 2 s § s s “ {§ Sooocoti500ooiowoin - . 0 c ,ΐΝωιη^^^-ςοίΟίΜ'ΐ-ι-Γ- | S § {5 g JO -0 ο Λ o ® co c o 5 o J a>3 ^ q OvoSOOO Ot-CVI Ņii O 05 C0 * COi-tMCOOCONCOOļi-T-r-TtlO Π 0) 00 o CL ® VO 2 Ο o CpaBHMT. CpaBHMT. CpaBHMT. CpaBHMT. CpaBHMT. V AA = aKpuriOBaa KucnoTa, CEMA = ΐ4θΤΜΠ3ΜΚ03ΜΠΜθΤ3κρΜΠ3Τ,CMecb cno>KHbix 3φΜρθΒ MeiaKpunoBoii KMcnoTbi c coflep>KaHMeM 16, 18 m 20 3tomob C. LV 10878 CJC x X ffl * IX I— o cū 0. ω cū 3 * O. s co Q-cū co 0. 3 un ΛΙ CD ffl CD CO i- O) T- T- T- T- CM r- σ> co
CD CO N 6 ffl ffl S Q_ X CŪ H CŪ — O CD CŪ X Q- * X CL ffl cd CO t— ΛΙ W CO CO D- D- co
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Ta6nnua 3 Pa3nMHHbie BUflbl γμαροΦο6ηογο MOHOMepa T— - CO co un un sr un o. o CM τ— o o O CM 00 CO CM CM T— CM τ—
ffl Ο) O) ffl CO o co co 'cr tc co fflssssssco cm tj- co" CO UO 05 t"·» σ> T- T- T- T- (M un co
CJCx =Tx co o X Έ o * CC CO X o. ffl Σx X o C LD un ΛΙ
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cm r^- co co oo co b» h~ CM CO CM CM
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co Xx Q- LC CŪ Ι Ο Έ X X rr 0) X[o CD CŪ c X CL X. CŪ Xx I— CD 2
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CŪ X X CL CD >> x CŪ X 05 ffl X X ^ CD "3- X 1- ffl 9 δ CM $ T— CO O* ffl I- CŪ X X CL * CŪ X X I— CD Έ o UJ X o X.o DS X O (!) CM.S. S O c ffl —„ ffl CM x X 9 3 CO Φ T- 5 Ί- 9-0 9 co X X 0 1 co o CŪ Ι Ο Xo co cū 3: x o. 2i S co £ O. ffl © CŪo ffl * CŪ o X c X s I- X ffl X Έ m u CD CD CL C0 CD8- 5
o X X ffl CŪ CL o co -M- un co h- CO 00
05 Ο τι- CM CM "0 Bce ko)km nonyMaK)TCfl cornacHO npoueAype, BKmoMaa Heo6a3aTenbHyK) nocneflytomyK) o6pa6oTKy 26 LV 10878 ΠΡΜΜΘΡ 4.
PonoriHHTenbHbie coMOHOMepbi-pa36aBmenn.
flaHHbiM npuMep fleMOHCTpnpyeT βμποπηθημθ npouecca c ncnonb30BaHneM flononHHTenbHbix noqo6paHHbix aM<JjncpMnbHbix οοποπμμθρημχ κομπο3μι4μμ, a ΜΜΘΗΗΟ, Κ0ΜΠ03Μ14ΜΜ, COflep>KamMX, ΠΟ ΙφβΜΗΘΜ Μβρβ OfļMH ΠΟΠΟΠΗΜΤΘΠΒΗΜΜ pa36aBn^noiunii μοηομθρ (6yTnnaKpnnaT). 3τμ κομπο3μι1μμ cooep>Kajni 6onee, ηθμ 10% Μ ΜΘΗΘΘ, ΗΘΜ 50% BblČpaHHOrO ΠίρροφΜΠΒΗΟΓΟ MOHOMepa,' npM 3T0M, no KpaPiHeii Mepe nonoBMHa ocTanbHbix μοηομθροβ npeacTaBrmeT oomh M3 Bbi6paHHbix rnflpo0nnbHbix ΜΟΗΟΜβροΒ, npOMnmocTpnpoBaHHbix b Taārmue 3, a ocTaTOK cocTaBnaeT ppyroii He$yHKUnoHann3npoBaHHbiii (τ. e. ηθ conep>KaiuMM 0yHKL4MOHanbHblX rpynn) 3ΤΜΠΘΗ0Β0 HeHaCblUļeHHblM ΜΟΗΟΜβρ (pa36aBHTenb/ 6yTnnaKpnnaT(BA)). Bce kojkm M3roTaBnnBanncb β οοοτβθτοτβμμ c npouenypoii F, c ncnonb30BaHneM Heo6a3aTenbHOii nocnenyiotneM οδρΘδοτκΜ χρομομ (cTapna 8). LV 10878
Ta6nmļa 4 AMcjMcpmībHbie nonmviepHbie κομπο3μι4μμ c 6onee, ηθμ αβυμη MOHOMepaMM
x CD* X Ι Ο cū CL ω cū 3 * LO i- r· ΛΙ cū ^ CL 3 co co co 6 03 03 ^ Q- ī h- CŪ o co cū x Ο. * CŪ X o. CD co co ΛΙ co co co -Q I—oo Έ x* _ x o i- c ϋ s CŪ 5 CL ^ o~ o 03 * rt κ O Cū H * o o X X X CD 3o x Ι Ο x X .0 CŪ 111 ?>š 8 I h sI 8
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Cū o c Έ0 * X CŪ X CL CD 1 i O LU 1= O
< CD >xo CŪo CL X X ^ X X ω CŪ =f X m x >S CŪ 03 3 H ^ ī O X KO CD C0 -x a >> o co — * o cū *o *
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O Oo o « CCo o o Cū CD m ο o un lo -M- CO 5 CD X I CŪ * CL CD a. o o o CDo \- cū X X CL * CŪ 2 co Σ x X o CD Έ o cū Ι Ο Xo X * CL « v CŪ CŪ o§ | 11 >, 3C <f O CŪ w < < O CD < 28 LV 10878 Πρμμθρ 5. AMd)nd?nnbHbie cononmviepb» c P33nnHHbiMH MoneKvrmpHbiMH eecaMH. ripu npaKTMMecKOM ocymecTBneHMM naHHoro Μ3θ6ρβτβΗΜΗ MoryT MCnonb30BaTbC51 3ΜφΜφΜΠΒΗΜβ nOnMMepbl C UIMPOKMM pnana30H0M 3Η3ΗβΗΜΜ ΜοηθκγπίίρΗΟΓο Beca. 3το nnniocTpMpyeTCfl b Taānuue 5. rionuMepbi, npeacTaeneHHbie b Ta6nnue 5, nonyManncb comacHO cnoco6y D. Ko>km o6pa6aTbiBanncb cornacHO cnoco6y F, BKnioMafl Heo6?i3aTenbHbiii 3Tan nocneayioiueM οδρββοτκΜ χρομομ (3Tan 8). Bce nonuMepbi o6ecneHHBa»OT ynyHineHne xapaKTepncTMK bohoctomkoctm m npoMHOCTM κωκ.
Tačnnua 5.
ΑμΦμΦμπβημθ cononuMepbi c pa3nnHHbiMM MoneKynapHbiMM BecaMM
PacTflxeHMfl MoneKynapHbiM Bec nonuMepa 1) (cpeflHeBecoBoii ΜΟΠ. Bec) flMHaMMHe- CKaa BOflOCTOM-KOCTb, HMCnO Μ3ΓΜ60Β CTaTunec-Kaa BOflo-CTOMKOCTb Bec. % nornom. pacTflxn- MOCTb (mmhc) (CM) pacTpec- KMBaHMe 3epHa pa3pblB Luapm<a KoHeHHbie ueaM: o6pa6oTaHHa« ΧΙφΟΒΟίί 3Mynb-cnePi κο>κ3 BOfloorranKUBa-lOLuaa Ko>Ka Βοηοοτοιλο?! KOxa > 15 000 1 000 <30 >155(0,39) >13 >15 3 000 55 400 24 227(0,58) 16 22 4 000 117 800 25 227(0,58) 15 21 10 000 116 900 26 240(0,61) 16 21 16 650 114 900 28 178(0,45) 15 20 25100 31 000 34 161(0,41) 14 18 69 000 2 000 26 159(0,40) 13 18 1 ) Bce cononuMepbi npeacTaBrmiOT co6oti 70 CEMA/30 AA b κομπο3μι4μμ, ποπγΜΘΗΗοίί no cnoco6y D. MoneKyrmpHbie Beca onpenenaiOTCfl μθτορομ renenpoHnuatomeM χροΜ3τοφ3φΜΜ Ha o6pa3Lļax nonuMepa, KOTopbie nepBOHaHanbHO noaBepratOTCfl rnflponn3y no yrnepoflHoro CKeneia ποπμ-AA-co-MAA STaHonbHbiM pacTBopoM KOH c ncnonb30BaHneM nonnaKpnnoBOM KucnoTbi xax CTaHpapTa c M3BecTHbiM MoneKynjipHbiM BecoM. 3aTeM Mone«yrmpHbie Beca no naHHbiM renenpoHMKatomeii χροιν^τοΓρβφΜΜ pAA-co-MAA 6binn nepecHmaHbi Ha Bec 6οκοβμχ ueneii cno>KHoro 3<pnpa, TepaK>mnxcfl b xope ocyiuecTBneHna rnjqponw3a. 29 llpHMep 6. ΡρνΓΜΘ rHQDOd)HnbHbie MOHOMepbl. B Ta6nnue 6 nnnf0CTpnpyeTCfl npopecc o6pa6oTKn c ncnonb30BaHneM aM$M$MnbHblX COnOnMMepHblX Κ0ΜΠ03ΙΊ14ΜΜ, ΠρΜΓΟΤΟΒΠΘΗΗΒΙΧ C HCn0nb30BaHMeM pa3nnHHbix rnppo0nnbHbix MOHOMepoB. Kax noKa3ann napaMeipbi npoMHOCTM nonyHeHHoii ko>km, paHHbie cononuMepbi npopeMOHCTpMpOBanu cbohd 3φφθκτΜΒΗθοπ> ripu oflHofi o6pa6oTKe noBTopHoe fly6neHne/o6pa6oTKa jKMpoBbiMM 3MynbCM5RMM. Bce koxcm očpačaTbiBa/iMCb cornacHO npoueqype F m nopBepramicb Heo6a3aTenbHOMy nocnenyioineMy 3Tany oāpačoTKM χρομομ (aian 8). ΚΟΗΘΗ-Hbie uenu >155(0,39) >13 >15 6Θ3 nonuMepa (KOHTponb) 133(0,34) 12 13 50 93 1 aKpuno- Baa KMC-noTa A 201(0,51) 16 18 94800 25 2 ΜΘΤΜΘΚ- punoBafl Kucnoia A 194(0,49) 16 18 1900 31 3 cynb$o- 3ΤΜΠΜΘΤ3- KpiinaT B 181(0,46) 14 18 250 60 4 φοοφο- ΘΤΜΠΜβΤβ KpunaT B 161(0,41) 14 15 3200 36
Ta6nnua 6. Pa3nnHHbie BHflbi γμαροΦμ/^ηογο MOHOMepa. PacTfljKeHMfl 06pa3eq Ποπμμθ-Haa KOM-Π03ΜΜΜί) 1) ripouecc CMHTe3a PacTa- >KMMOCTb (MMne) (cm) PacTpecK M-BaHue 3epHa pa3pbiB mapuKa flu- HaMMH. BOflCTOīi- KOCTb Μ3ΓΜ- 6ob CTaTM- necKaa BOflOC- TOM- KOCTb eec.% nornoin. 1) CononuMepbi cocTaBa 70 eec. % CEMA/30 Bec. % yKa3aHHoro rnp<xļ)MnbHoro coMOHOMepa. 30 LV 10878 Πρμμθρ 7. riPOMbiBaeMbie κοχμ. B Ta6nnue 7 Μηπωοτρι/ιργιοτοΗ npenMymecTBa, nocTuraeMbie b pe3ynbTaTe MCn0nb30BaHHfl aM(J)MC(3MnbHblX ΠΟΠΜΜθρΟΒ, nepefl OČblHHblMM XHpOBblMM 3Mynbcn«MM nna μ3γοτοβπθημ3 npoMbiBaeMbix KO)K. Ko>km npOMbIBaiOTCfl Β aBTOManmecKOM npoMbiBOHHOti MaujMHe ΒβρχΗβίί 3arpy3KM c ncnonb30BaHneM Moiomero cpepcTBa Tide (Procter and Gamble). Kax κοχο, noqBeprHyTaa o6pa6oTKe odbiHHoii cynbC|)aTMpoBai-iHoii χμροβομ 3Mynbcneii (cpaBHmenbHaa odpaāoTKa), Tax n Koxa, očpaāoiaHHaa aMcpMcfMnbHbiMM cononmviepaMM comacHO paHHOMy M3o6peTeHwo, coxpaHJUOT 3HaHMTenbHyio CTeneHb μηγκοοτμ h npoHHOCTM, Kax 3to noKa3aHO no pam-ibiM pacTJOKMMOcTM m ynnnHeHna npn pacTpecKUBaHMM 3epHa m pa3pbiBe rnapuKa. Β οτπμημθ ot ppymx pByx ko>k, Ko>xa, nonyMeHHaa c ncnonb30BaHMeM aM$n$nnbHbix conomiMepOB, KOTopaa 6bina noflBepmyTa nocneqyiomeii odpadoTKe χρομομ (3Tan 8), noKa3biBaeT ynyHweHMe β οτηοιιιθημμ MflrKOCTM H npOHHOCTM. KO>KM. OāpaČOTaHHbie aMC{)ll4>MnbHblM cononuMepoM, ΜΜβιοτ 3HannTenbHoe npewviymecTBO b οτι-iouueHMM CKopocm, c κοτοροίί ohm BbicyiuMBatOTca nocne npoMbiBKM. flaHHbie ko>km nopBepranncb B03flyiuHoii cyiuKe, KOTopaa BOcnpoM3BOflMT cyuiKy Ha nmm TKaHM, k&k sto očbiHHO peKOMeHpyeTca pna npoMbiBaeMbix tohkhx nacTnu. LV 10878
TaSnuLļa 7Mcnonb30BaHne aM$n0nnbHbix cononuMepoB κβκ >KnpoBbix 3MynbCnii flna npnflaHM^ npoMbiBaeMOCTM κο>κθ
x x δ x CL (D £ CO o. CŪ X m o o co X o m M· O 0 1 * CO c CQ ^ zn i3 4 o o CL x Φ 0 O c Φ O Η O O x
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X CŪ -0 Σ o CL X
X £9 -0 Σ o O CL =C X «3 X >* α
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1) flo = nepefl npoMbiBKoii; nocne = nocne npoMbiBKn n B03flywH0M cywKM 2) H3MeHeHkie pacTBJKUMocTM nocne oflHoro qm<na npoMbiBKM 3) flo = nepefl npoMbiBKoii; nocne = nocne npoMbiBKM m B03AywHoii cywKM 4) cTeneHb cywKu onpeflenneTcn xax KonnHecTBeHHo, τθκ m KaHecTBeHHo; b KommecTBeHHOM onpepeneHnn ncnonb3yeTcn cTaHflapTHbiii M3Mepmenb Bna>KHOCTM flnn onpepeneHnn npoiļeHTa enarn b κο>κβ xax cf>yHKLiMM LV 10878 Πρμμθρ 8. nocnenvtomafl o6pa6oTKa MMHeparibHbiM nvānnbHbiM areHTOM vx<e ΠΡΠΒΘρΓΗνΤΡίί ΠνδΠΘΗΜΚ) KOKU. B Ta6nmje 8 nnniocTpMpyeTCfl βγμαημθ nocnenyiomeii o6pa6oTKM MMHepanbHbiMM fly6nnbHbiMn aremaMM Ha BPpocTOMKOCTb koxc, o6pa6oiaHHbix BblČpaHHblMU βΜφΜφΜΓ^Η^ΜΜ ΟΟΠΟΠΜΜθρβΜΜ. 38ΚρθΠΠΘΗΜΘ 06blHHblX >KMpOBblX 3Mynbcnii nyieM nocnenyK)ineii o6pa6oTKii ny6nnbHbiM MeTannpM, τβκμμ KaK anioMMHMii (AI), umpkohmm (Zr), xpoM (Cr) nmi xene30 (Fe) flBnaeTCfl yxe M3BeCTHblM CnOCPČOM ynyHWeHMfl BOqOCTOiiKCCTM KO)KM.
Cmotph ’TlpMflaHMe ΓΜρροφρδΗΟΟτΜ κο)κθ”. The Leather Manufacturer, Mati 1986 r., CTp. 11-14; llaTeHT ClilA A-010780, οτμμθημ Bohnce Tettchemi Gmbh, Hoačpb 28, 1961 r.; n ”BoflHafl cncTeMa nna npon3BOflCTBa cyxoPi OHmuaeMoPi ko>kh, KOTopaa yxe He oānapaeT CMaHMBaeMOCTbio”: Rev. Tech. Ind. Cuir., tom 69, Bbin. 4, cip. 107-111, 1977 r.
Bce ko)km očpačaTbiBaKDTCfl cornacHO npoueaype F, KOTopaa BKniOHaeT Heo6a3aTenbHyK) nocneqyioinyio očpa6oTKy (sian 8), KaK yKa3aH0 Bbiiue. flaxe ripu OTcyrcTBMM nccnenyK3mePi o6pa6oTKM ko>km, o6pa6oTaHHbie 3ΜφιιφΜΠΒΗΜΜ cononuMepoM, 3HaHmenbHO 6cnee boooctomkm, ηθμ oābiHHbie koxm (cmptpm Ta6nnuy 1). ΑΜφιιφι^Η^Ρί cononwviep b jļaHHPM npuMepe npeacTaBrmeT cočoii 30 AA/70 CEMA, ncncnb3yeMbiPi KOHueHTpauMePi 6%. LV 10878 ω cū m g- cū 53 Q_ 3
un m ΛΙ AI O 05 CŪ 00 X C\J 1— T- «— -I—
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UmPkohhm npeflCTaBnan cofioti 3 Bec.% Lire 33, BbinycKaeMbM npoMbiwneHHOCTbK> cynbφaτ umpkohhb c HyneB0pi oocHOBHOCTbK) (py6nnbHafl conb). 34 LV 10878 Πρμμθρ 9. CTOMKocTb κ SKCTpaKunn pacTBOPmeneM. B Tačnnue 9 nnniocTpMpyeTCfl ynyHLueHHafl CToiiKocTb κ SKCTpaKUnn pacTBOpMTeneM ko>k, o6pa6oTaHHbix aM$M0nnbHbiM οοποπμμθρομ b cpaBHBHMH c κρχθίί, nonyHeHoii c ncnonb30BaHneM oObiHHoPi >KnpoBoii 3Mynbcnn. CToPiKOCTb κ SKCTpaKumi pacTeopmeneM aermeica noKa3aTeneM cnocoOHOCTM κ cyxoii οημοτκθ. ΑΜφΜφΜ/ibHbiii cononuMep b naHHOM npMMepe npeflCTaBnaeT co6oii 70 CEMA/30 AA, ncnonb3yeMbiii c KomiempamieM 6%. OObiHHaii ttMpoBaa 3Mynbcna npeacTaBnaeT cočom Morite G 82, cynb0aTnpoBaHHoe Macno, ncnonb3yeMoe c KOHueHTpauneii 4,2%. Heo6n3aTenbHaa nocneayiouuaa o6pa6oTKa χρομομ ocymecTBnfleTC« TaM, rqe sto yKa3aHp. Ko>xa CHanana BbicywnBaeTcn b τθηθημθ neTbipex nacoB npM TeMnepaType 100°C. 3aTeM OHa B3BeuiMBaeTca, m stot Bec BbicyiueHHoii ko>km OepeTca kūk HaHanbHbiPi Bec. Ko>Ky noMemaioT b Kon6y SKCTpaKLļMOHHoro cocyna CoKcneia m 3KCTparnpyioT β τθηθημθ 10-12 nacoB xnopncTbiM μθτμπθηομ. XnopncTbiPi ΜβτΜΠβΗ 33ΤΘΜ BbinapMBaeTcn, M onpeaenaeTca Bec TBepnbix npoflyKTOB, 3KCTparnpoBaHHbix M3 ko>km. Κοπμηθοτβο Maiepnana, sKCTparupoBaHHoro H3 κοχμ, paccMaipuBaeTca Kax BecoBort npoueHT OT ΜΟΧΟΑΗΟΓΟ ΒβΟΟΒΟΓΟ KOnuneCTBa.
Tačnnua 9. CToiiKocTb 3ΜφΜφι^Η0Γ0 cononuMepa κ 3KCTpaxL|MM xnopncTbiM μθτμπθηομ b conocTaBneHMM c oābiHHoPi >KMpoBoPi 3Mynbcneii. >KnpoBaa 3MyflbCMB Cnoco6 Μ3Γ0Τ0ΒΠ. Κ0ΧΜ nocneflytomaB o6pa6pTKa ΧΡΟΜΟΜ Bec.% 3KCTparnpyeMbix BemecTB b pacneTe ot ncxoflHoro eeca kojkh KOHTpOnb ΗΘΤ N/A ΗΘΤ (npuMepHo) 0,5 KOHTpOnb ΗΘΤ N/A 3% Ganolin M-1 1,0 CpaBHMT. G-82 Cnocoč E ΗΘΤ 2,4 CpaBHMT. G-82 Cnoco6 E 3%Ganolin M-1 2,4 AM$MTMnbHb!M Cnoco6 Γ ΗΘΤ 1,3 nonuMep AM$MTMHbHblM Cnocoč Γ 3%Ganolin M-1 1,0 cononuMep Πρμμθρ 10. ynvHiijeHne cvuikh. B KOHue onepapuM Μοκροίί očpačoTKM Ko>xa BbicyujMBaeTcn. Ko>km. oāpaOoTaHHbie βμΦμΦμπβηημμ cononuMepaMM, κθκ 6bino o6oHapy>KeHo. BbicyiuMBaiOTCfl ObicTpee, ηθμ ko>km, očpaOoTaHHbie očbiHHbiMM >KnpoBbiMn 3My/ibcnfiMM. 3to oOecneMHBaeT κθκ skohomukd βρθμθημ, Tax m coKpameHne 3Heprnn, Heo6xoflMMbie απβ cyiiiKM ko>km. Bonee BbicoKaa CKOpocTb cyiuKn ko>km, očpačoTaHHoii χμροβομ 3MynbCneii βμθοτθ c aM<pncJ)MnbHbiM cononuMepoM, MnmocTpnpyeTca b Ta6nnue 10. B paHHOM npuiMepe KO>Ka o6pa6aTbmaeTCfl cornacHO npouepype E mjim F ennoTb no nocnepHero STana. riocne OKOHHaTenbHoii npoMbiBKM xoxa BbinexnBaeTcsi b τθμθημθ hohm μ 3aieM BbicyujMBaeTC5i Ha B03nyxe ripu KOMHaTHoii TeMnepaType. B Tačnmae noKa3aH Becoeoii npouem enaru β κοχθ b 3aBMCMM0CTM οτ βρθμθημ B03flyujH0M cywKM. Koxa paccMaTpuBaeTca KaK cyxaa m roTOBaa κ μηγηθημιο,
Korpa conepxaHne β ηθμ enaru pocTuraeT 18%. SKCTpanonauna paHHbix M3 Tačnmjbi 10 noKa3biBaeT epeMJi B03pyujH0ii cyiiJKM 12 nacoB pna oābiMHbiM o6pa30M o6pa6oTaHHoii κοχμ, β to βρθμλ xax θτο epeivm cocTaBnaeT 8 sacoe κοχμ, o6pa6oTaHHOM aMcpmjMfībHbiM conomiMepoM.
Ta6nnua 10. CKopocTb cytuKM κοχ. nocneoyiomaH MopuT G-82 AM(pwļ)MnbHbiPi cononuMep očpačoTKa ΧΜρΟΒΟΜ 3% xpoMa Ηθτ 3% Ηβτ 3MynbcneM BpeMfl cyLUKH flpoueHT snaru β κοχθ HananbHoe 50 50 50 50 5 nacoB 27 28 23 26 6 nacoB 26 26 19 21 15 nacoB 17 17 14 14 72 Mača 17 17 14 14 36 LV 10878 ΦΟΡΜΥΠΑ M30BPETEHMS1 1. Cnocoč očpačoTKM noflBepmyTOM ny6neHMK) ko>km, OTnunaiomuticfl τθμ, hto c uenbīo noBbiiueHMfl θΦΦθκτμβηοοτμ npouecca nopBepraiOT py6neHMK> KO>Ky BOflHOii flucnepcneii, BKmonaioineM 3φφβκτΜΒΗ0β κοπμηθοτβο ηθ pacTBopuMoro b Bope flucneprupoBaHHoro aMφ^lφ^lΠbHOΓO cononuMepa, o6pa3yeMoro M3 npeočnanaiomero KonuMecTBa no MeHbiueii Mepe οοηογο ΓΜΠροφΟδΗΟΓΟ MOHOMepa, BbIČpaHHOrO 143 rpynnbl, BKntOHaiOlHeii flnMHHOLļenHbie anKi4n(MeT)aKpnnaTbi, απμηηομθπηνθ θπκοκομ- μπμ 3πκμπΦθηοκομ (nom43TnneHOKCi4n)(MeT)aKpi4naTbi, nepBMHHbie anKeHbi, cnoacHbie BMHunoBbie 3φΐ4ρΜ flni4HHOUenHblX ΘΠΚΜΠΚβρδΟΗΟΒΗΧ KMCHOT 14 Ι4Χ CMeCH, C He3HaHMTenbHblM κοπμηθοτβομ no MeHbiueM Mepe οοηογο cononi4Mepi43ytomeroca BOflOpaCTBOpMMOrO KMC/ΙΟΤΗΟΓΟ ΜΠΜ ΟΟΗΟΒΗΟΓΟ ΓM,^poφMΠbHOΓO COMOHOMepa C 3T14neHOBblMl4 HeHaCbILUeHHbIMM CB5133MI4. 2. Cnocoč comacHO n. 1, oTnMHatoiuMMcn τθμ, hto 3Μφΐ4φΐ4/^ΗΝΜ cononHMep MMeeT cpeflHeBecoBOM MoneKynapHbiM Bec ot 2000 no 100000. 3. Cnoco6 comacHO n. 1 μπμ n. 2, OTHMHaiomMMCfl τθμ, hto 3φφβκτΐ4ΒΗ0β κοπΜΗβοτΒΟ cononi4Mepa, npi4cyTCTByiomero b oi4cnepci4i4, cocTaBnaeT He ΜβΗββ, ηθμ 1 Bec. % οτ βθοοβογο KominecTBa yKa3aHHoii nooBepmyToii oy6neHMio kojkm. 4. Cnocoč comacHO mo6oMy H3 nn. 1-3, ο τ π μ h a ιο m μ μ c π τθμ, ητο οη OononHMTenbHO BKfiKDHaeT nocneoyiomyio o6pa6oTKy κο>κΐ4, očpačoTaHHoii aMφl4φl4ΠbHblM ΟΟΠΟΠΜΜβρΟΜ, MMHepaHbHblM Oy6linbHblM areHTOM. 5. Cnoco6 očpaāoTKM koxcm, οτπμηθιοιιιμμοπ τθμ, hto noflBepraiOT oy6neHi4io ujKypy μπμ cbipyio κοχψ >κμβοτηογο oy6i4nbHbiM areHTOM m noflBepraiOT oy6neHi4io uiKypbi μπμ koku c boohom OMcnepCMeii, BKnioHaiomeM 3φφβκτΐ4ΒΗ0β ΚΟΠΜΗβΟΤΒΟ HepaCTBOpi4MOrO B BOfle Ol4Cnepri4pOBaHHOrO 3Μφΐ4φΜΓ^ΗΟΓΟ cononMMepa, očpa3yeMoro M3 npeoānaoaiomero κοπμηθοτβθ no MeHbiueM Mepe oflHoro ΓΜοροφοδΗΟΓΟ MOHOMepa, BbiOpaHHoro 143 rpynnbi, BKmonaioiueii anKi4n(MeT)aKpnnaTbi c οπμηηομ yrneppoflHOM uenbīo anKMna, onMHHOuenHbie ariKOKCM— Ι4Γ1Ι4 3ΠΚ14ΠφβΗ0Κ014(Π0Π143Τ14ΠβΗ0Κ0Ι4Π) (MeT)aKpi4naTbl, nepBMHHbie anKeHbi, cno>KHbie BMHMnoBbie 3φΜρπ οπμηηομθπημχ anKMnKap6oHOBbix κμοποτ m MX CMeCM, C He3HaHMTenbHblM ΚΟΠΜΗΘΟΤΒΟΜ no MeHblUeM Mepe ΟΟΗΟΓΟ C0n0nMMepM3yi0mer0Cfl BOflOpaCTBOpMMOrO ΚΜΟΠΟΤΗΟΓΟ ΜΠΜ ΟΟΗΟΒΗΟΓΟ ΓΜΟροφΜΠΒΗΟΓΟ COMOHOMepa C 3TMHeH0BblMM HeHaCbILUeHHbIMM 0ΒΠ3ΠΜΜ. 6. Cnocoč comacHO n. 5, οτπμη3(Οιι1μμοβ τθμ, hto θμΦμΦμπβηβιμ cononMMep npMcyTCTByeT b boohom AMcnepcMM b κοπμηθοτβθ He MeHee 1 Bec. % b 37 paeneTe οτ βθοοβογο κοπμηθοτβθ noflBepmyTOM ny6neHmo LUKypbi μπμ ko>km. 7. Cnoco6 cornacHO n. 5 μπμ π. 6, omMHaiOLUMiica τθμ, hto oh BKnfonaeT flononHmenbHbm 3Tan nocneoyiomeM o6pa6oTKM WKypbi mv\ ko>km, noflBepmyToii o6pa6oTKe aM$M0nnbHbiM cononuMepoM, MMHepanbHbiM ny6nnbHbiM areHTOM. 8. Ko>Ka, nonynaeMaB cnocoāoM no nn. 1-4, v\m cnocočoM, οοοτβθτοτβυιοιιιμμ nio6oMy H3 nn. 5-7. 9. AM(JjM<i>MnbHbiM οοποπμμθρ, npnronHbiii nna Mcnonb30BaHna b cnocoče, οοοτΒθτοτΒγιοιαθΜ πιοδοΜγ M3 nn. 1-4, μπμ b cnocoče, cooTBercTByiomeM nioāOMy H3 ΠΠ. 5-7, ΟΤΠΜΗ aiOLUMM CB ΤΘΜ, HTO OH (ΟΟΠΟΠΜΜΘΡ) HepaCTBOpMM B BOfle m coqep>KMT 6onee, ηθμ 10 βθο. % μ μθηθθ, ηθμ 50 βθο. % κμοποτημχ μπμ OCHOBHblX rMflP0$MnbHblX M0fl6KyriBpHblX 3BeHbeB, H 6onee, ΗΘΜ 50 ΒΘΟ. % M ΜΘΗΘΘ, ΗΘΜ 90 ΒΘΟ. % rMfipO0o6HblX ΜΟΠΘΚγΠΒρΗΗΧ 3BeHbeB, ΠρΜΗΘΜ yKa3aHHbie ΓΜηροφοδΗΒΐΘ MoneKynBpHbie 3BeHbB nonyneHbi πγτβΜ nonnMepn3auMM M3 μοηομθροβ oflHoro min HecKonbKnx flnnHHOLļenHbix anKnn(MeT)aKpnnaTOB, BnnHHOuenHbix a/iKOKCM— μπμ βπκμπΦθηοκομ (ποπμθτμπθηοκομπ) (μθτ)3κρμπθτοβ, nepBMHHblX anKeHOB, CnO>KHblX ΒΜΗΜΠΟΒΗΧ 3φΐ4ρ0Β ΡΠΙΙΗΗΟΜΘΠΗΝΧ Kap60H0BblX KMcnoT. 10. Cnocoč cornacHO n. 1, cnocoč cornacHO n. 5, κοχο, cooTBeTCTBytomaa n. 8 HHM ΟΟΠΟΠΜΜΘρ, ΟΟΟΤΒΘΤΟΤΒγίΟΙΚΜΜ Π. 9, ΟΟΟΤΒΘΤΟΤΒγΐΟΙ11ΜΘ Μ3Π0>ΚΘΗΗ0Μγ BblUJe onHcaHmo nnmocTpnpoBaHHbiM npHMepaM. 38 LV 10878 P e φ e p a τ npenycMaTpnBaeTC5ļ cnocoč m npouecc o6pa6oTKn ko>km c ncnonb3oeaHneM Bbl6paHHblX 3ΜφΐΊφΜΓ^ΗΜΧ COnOnMMepOB. ΑΜφΜφΜί^Η^β cononuMepbi nonynaioTCfl H3 npeočnapaiomero KonunecTBa no MeHbuueii Mepe οαηογο ΓΜρροφοδΗΟΓΟ MOHOMepa m He3HaHMTenbHoro KonunecTBa no MeHbLueii Mepe οπηογο cononnMepn3yiomeroc« γμρροΦμγ^ηογο MOHOMepa. flaHHbiii npouecc μο>κθτ ābiTb oco6eHHO ποπβ3βΗ xax oflMH eian, 3aMeH3KDmnM eianbi ποβτορηογο jļy6neHM« m oāpaāoTKM >kmpobom 3Mynbcneii.

Claims (10)

  1. LV 10878 IZGUDROJUMA FORMULA 1. Miecētas ādas apstrādes paņēmiens, kas atšķiras arto, ka. lai paaugstinātu procesa efektivitāti, ādu miecē ar ūdens dispersiju, kurā ietilpst efektīvs daudzums ūdenī nešķīstoša disperģēta amfifīlā kopolimēra, kuru veido no pārākumā esoša vismaz viena hidrofoba monomēra. kuru izvēlas no grupām, kurās ietilpst garo ķēžu alkil(met)akrilāti. garo ķēžu alkoksi- vai alkilfenoksi-(polietilēnoksīda) tmet)akrilāti. pirmējie alkēni. garo ķēžu alkilkarbonskābju vinilesteri vai to maisījumi ar nenozīmīgu daudzumu viena kopolimerizēties spējīga ūdenī šķīstoša skābā vai bāziskā hidrofīlā kopolimēra. kurā ir nepiesātinātās etilēna saites.
  2. 2. Paņēmiens saskaņā ar 1.punktu, kas atšķiras a r t o. ka amfifīlā kopolimēra vidējā molekulmasa ir robežās no 2000 līdz 100000.
  3. 3. Paņēmiens saskaņā ar 1. vai 2.punktu, kas atšķiras a r t o. ka dispersijā klātesošā kopolimēra efektīvais daudzums sastāda ne mazāk kā 1 masas % no norādītās miecēšanai pakļautās ādas masas daudzuma.
  4. 4. Paņēmiens saskaņā ar jebkuru no 1. līdz 3.punktiem, kas atšķiras ar t o. ka tas papildus satur ar amfifīlo kopolimēru apstrādātās ādas tālāka apstrāde ar minerālveida miecējošu aģentu.
  5. 5. Ādas apstrādes paņēmiens, kas a t š ķ ι r a s a r t o. ka dzīvnieku ādu vai jēlādu miecē ar miecējošo aģentu un ādas miecē ar ūdens dispersiju, kurā ietilpst efektīvs daudzums ūdeni nešķīstoša disperģēta amfifīlā kopolimēra. kuru veido no pārākumā esoša vismaz viena hidrofoba kopolimēra. kuru izvēlas no grupām, kurās ietilpst aikii(met)akriiāti ar garu aikila oglekļa ķēdi. garo ķēžu alkoksi- vai alkilfenoksiipolietilēnoksīdaKmetīakrilāti. pirmējie alkēni. garo ķēžu alkilkarbonskābju vinilesteri vai to maisījumi, ar nenozīmīgu daudzumu vismaz viena kopolimerizēties spējīga ūdenī šķīstoša skābā vai bāziskā hidrotīlā kopolimēra. kurā ir nepiesātinātās etilēna saites.
  6. 6. Paņēmiens saskaņā ar 5.punktu, kas a t š ķ i r a s a r t o. ka amfifīlais kopolimērs atrodas ūdens emulsijā daudzumā, kas sastāda ne mazāk par 1 masas %. rēķinot uz miecēšanai pakļauto ādu masas daudzumu.
  7. 7. Paņēmiens saskaņā ar 5. vai 6.punktu. kas atšķiras a r t o. ka tajā ietilpst ar amfifīlo kopolimēru apstrādātās ādas tālākās apstrādes papildus etaps norādītās ādas apstrādei ar minerālveida miecējošo aģentu.
  8. 8. Āda. kura iegūta ar paņēmienu, kas atbiist jebkuram no 1.-4.punktiem, vai lir πϋπ0ΓΠί£Γϊί! kas atbilst j^bkiiram no 5 -7 punktiem.
  9. 9. Amfifīlais kopolimērs. kurš derīgs izmantošanai paņēmienā, kas atbilst jebkuram no l.-4.punktiem. vai paņēmienā, kas atbilst jebkuram no 5.-7.punktiem. kas atšķiras a r t o, ka tas (kopolimērs) ir nešķīstošs ūdenī un satur vairāk kā 10 masas % un mazak ka 50 masas % skābos vai bāziskos hidroftlos molekulu posmus, un vairāk kā 50 masas % un mazāk kā 90 masas ck hidrofobos molekulu posmus no monomēriem. polimerizējot vienu vai vairākus garo ķēžu alkiltmet)akrilātus. garo ķēžu alkoksi vai alkilfenok.si(polietilēnoksīda)(met)akrilātus, pirmējos alkēnus vai garo ķēžu karbonskābju vinilesterus.
  10. 10. Paņēmiens saskaņa ar 1.punktu, paņēmiens saskaņā ar 5.punktu, āda
    saskaņa ar 8.punktu, vai kopolimērs. kas atbilst 9.punktam, kuri atbilst augstāk dotajam aprakstam un ilustrētajiem piemēriem. j BAD ORIGINAL L
LVP-93-918A 1988-12-02 1993-06-30 Treatment of hides, skins or leather by using selected amphiphilic copolymers LV10878B (en)

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DE68917268T2 (de) 1994-11-24
TR25248A (tr) 1992-12-02
BR8906160A (pt) 1990-07-31
DE68929279T2 (de) 2001-08-23
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IE893565L (en) 1990-06-02
IL92505A0 (en) 1990-08-31
AR245226A1 (es) 1993-12-30
EP0579267A1 (en) 1994-01-19
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ATE198627T1 (de) 2001-01-15
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DK607689D0 (da) 1989-12-01
MA21687A1 (fr) 1990-07-01
ZA898899B (en) 1990-08-29
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EP0372746B2 (en) 2001-03-07
LV10878A (lv) 1995-10-20
JP2892062B2 (ja) 1999-05-17
EP0579267B1 (en) 2001-01-10
ES2201953T3 (es) 2004-04-01
TNSN89128A1 (fr) 1991-02-04
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YU224589A (en) 1990-12-31
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AU626354B2 (en) 1992-07-30
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