JPWO2011126026A1 - ケース一体型ボンド磁石およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
ケース一体型ボンド磁石およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
(1)本発明のケース一体型ボンド磁石の製造方法は、一種以上の希土類磁石粉末とバインダとなる熱硬化性樹脂とを含む磁石原料を筒状キャビティへ充填する充填工程と、
該磁石原料を加熱して該熱硬化性樹脂を軟化状態または溶融状態としつつ、該磁石原料を圧縮成形して筒状成形体を得る加熱成形工程と、該筒状キャビティと同軸の内周面を有する金属製の筒状ケースへ、該筒状成形体を該筒状キャビティから排出しつつ圧入する排出圧入工程と、該筒状成形体を該筒状ケースと共に加熱して該熱硬化性樹脂を硬化させる熱硬化工程とを備え、該筒状成形体からなる筒状ボンド磁石が該筒状ケースと一体化したケース一体型ボンド磁石が得られることを特徴とする。
本発明は、上述した製造方法のみならず、それにより得られたケース一体型ボンド磁石自体でもよい。
《その他》
H ハウジング(筒状ケース)
G 円筒状成形体
B 円筒状ボンド磁石
(1)磁石原料
磁石原料は、一種以上の希土類磁石粉末とバインダとからなる。磁石原料の形態は問わないが、例えば、希土類磁石粉末と樹脂粉末との混合粉末、その混合粉末を加熱混練して造粒したコンパウンド、秤量した混合粉末やコンパウンドを予備的に圧縮成形した予備筒状成形体(ブランク体)等である。
筒状ケースは、筒状成形体が嵌入される内形状を有する限り、その外形状は問わない。例えば、その外形断面形状は円形、方形、角形等のいずれでもよい。ケース一体型ボンド磁石の用途に依るが、通常、筒状ケースは磁性材からなり、電動機のヨーク等を形成していることが多い。
本発明のケース一体型ボンド磁石の用途は特に問わないが、モーターの界磁に用いると好適である。このモーターは、直流(DC)モーターでも交流(AC)モーターでもよい。本発明のケース一体型ボンド磁石は、特に低価格化の要請が強い小型モーターに好適である。なお、本発明のケース一体型ボンド磁石は、回転子(ローター)側に用いられても、固定子(ステーター)側に用いられてもよい。
(1)充填工程
充填工程により筒状キャビティへ充填される磁石原料は、前述したように希土類磁石粉末と熱硬化性樹脂粉末等との混合粉末でもよいが、その混合粉末を予め秤量し成形した予備筒状成形体であると好ましい。これにより、充填工程に要する時間の短縮や製造設備の簡素化を図れ、ひいてはケース一体型ボンド磁石の製造コストの低減を図れる。
先ず、加熱成形工程による加熱は、熱硬化性樹脂が軟化または溶融する程度で足る。熱硬化性樹脂がエポキシ樹脂の場合なら、筒状キャビティを形成する金型を60〜200℃さらには140〜180℃程度に加熱すればよい。この加熱温度(金型温度)はタクトタイムに応じて適宜調整される。なお、後述する圧縮成形は、この加熱後に行われても良いが、両者が並列的に行われると効率的である。
排出圧入工程により、筒状成形体は筒状キャビティから排出されると共に温間状態(または熱間状態)のまま筒状ケースへ圧入される。このとき、筒状成形体の外周側面径である外径(do)が筒状ケースの内周側面径である内径(di)よりも大きくなるように筒状キャビティの外周側面径である外径が設定してある。この寸法差(Δd=do−di)が、本発明でいう圧入時の圧入代となる。なお、圧入時の筒状成形体は多少の可塑性を有するため、本発明でいう圧入代は一般的な剛体(弾性体)同士の圧入代と必ずしも同じではない。敢えて言うなら、この圧入代は、熱硬化(キュアー熱処理)前の見かけ上の圧入代ということになる。
熱硬化工程により、筒状ケースに圧入された筒状成形体中の熱硬化性樹脂は、ほぼ完全(例えば、硬化度80%以上)に熱硬化する。このときの加熱温度は、熱硬化性樹脂がエポキシ樹脂の場合なら、加熱炉の温度を120〜230℃さらには170〜220℃程度にするとよい。これにより、例えば0.2〜2時間さらには0.4〜1時間程度の短時間で熱硬化性樹脂の熱硬化を完了させ得る。
(1)磁石原料
磁石原料として、NdFeB系希土類異方性磁石粉末(希土類磁石粉末)とエポキシ樹脂とを加熱混練してなるコンパウンドを、さらに予備的に圧縮成形した予備成形体を用意した。このコンパウンド中のエポキシ樹脂量は、コンパウンド全体に対して2.75質量%とした。予備成形体は、そのコンパウンド8gを、成形圧力50MPa、室温で、外径:28.10mm、内径:φ26.30mmの円筒状に軽く加圧成形したものである。
この予備成形体を充填する円筒状キャビティCと、それを加熱圧縮成形する金型1を図1に示した。この金型1は、円筒状のダイス11と、そのダイス11に挿入された円柱状のコア12と、ダイス11とコア12との間にできる円筒状の隙間(キャビティ)の底面となる円筒状の下パンチ13と、下パンチ13に対向して配設された円筒状の上パンチ14とからなる。
上記の予備成形体を円筒状キャビティCへ投入した(充填工程)。この際、金型1は予め150℃に保持しておいた。この温間状態で円筒状キャビティCは外径:28.20mm、内径:φ26.20mmであった。従って、円筒状キャビティCの間隙幅(c)は1mmとなる。
金型1を150℃に保持しつつ、円筒状キャビティC内の予備成形体を下パンチ13および上パンチ14で圧縮した。このときの成形圧力は160MPaとした。こうして上述した円筒状キャビティCと同径で長さ15mmの円筒状成形体G(筒状成形体)が得られた。なお、この圧縮成形は、円筒状キャビティCに1.5Tの配向磁場を印加しつつ行った。ちなみにここでは、4極モーター用ステータを想定してセミラジアル配向を行った。なお、セミラジアル配向とは、主極部において磁化容易軸が円周側面の法線方向に向くように磁石粒子が分布し、主極部間の遷移部において磁化容易軸が中立点に近づくに連れて徐々に周回接線方向を向き、中立点で周回接線方向となった後、中立点から遠ざかるに連れて磁化容易軸が徐々に円周側面の法線方向を向くように磁石粒子が分布することをいう。
加熱成形工程後、直ちに上パンチ14を退避させて、円筒状キャビティCと同軸上に、ハウジングHを配置した。そして図2に示すように、下パンチ13を上昇させて、コア12をガイドとしつつ円筒状成形体GをハウジングHの円筒内に圧入した。
円筒状成形体Gの圧入されたハウジングHを、大気中の加熱炉で、200℃×30分間加熱した。こうしてハウジングH内に円筒状ボンド磁石Bが圧着されてなるステータ(図略)を得た。
(1)得られたステータを用いて、ハウジングHとリングボンド磁石Bの圧着力を指標する抜け荷重を測定した。この抜け荷重は、ハウジングHを引張試験機に固定し、円筒状ボンド磁石Bの磁石端部を治具で押上げて測定した。
(1)表1および図4の結果から明らかなように、排出圧入工程後に熱硬化工程を行う本実施例の場合、十分に高い抜け荷重が得られている。具体的にいうと、圧入比が0.0005以下という極僅かであっても、実用上十分な抜け荷重が確保されることもわかった。また圧入比が0.001以上になると、抜け荷重はさらに増加し、それ以降は圧入比が変化しても、抜け荷重が殆ど変化せず、1800〜1900Nの範囲内で安定することもわかった。
Claims (7)
- 一種以上の希土類磁石粉末とバインダとなる熱硬化性樹脂とを含む磁石原料を筒状キャビティへ充填する充填工程と、
該磁石原料を加熱して該熱硬化性樹脂を軟化状態または溶融状態としつつ、該磁石原料を圧縮成形して筒状成形体を得る加熱成形工程と、
該筒状キャビティと同軸の内周面を有する金属製の筒状ケースへ、該筒状成形体を該筒状キャビティから排出しつつ圧入する排出圧入工程と、
該筒状成形体を該筒状ケースと共に加熱して該熱硬化性樹脂を硬化させる熱硬化工程とを備え、
該筒状成形体からなる筒状ボンド磁石が該筒状ケースと一体化したケース一体型ボンド磁石が得られることを特徴とするケース一体型ボンド磁石の製造方法。 - 前記熱硬化性樹脂は、エポキシ樹脂を含む請求項1に記載のケース一体型ボンド磁石の製造方法。
- 前記熱硬化性樹脂は、前記磁石原料全体を100質量%としたときに1〜10質量%である請求項1または2に記載のケース一体型ボンド磁石。
- 前記筒状成形体の外径(do)と前記筒状ケースの内径(di)の寸法差により生じる前記筒状成形体の圧入代(Δd=do−di)の、該筒状成形体の外径(do)に対する比である圧入比(Δr=Δd/do)は、前記排出圧入工程の開始時に0.0001〜0.05である請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載のケース一体型ボンド磁石の製造方法。
- 前記加熱成形工程は、成形圧力が50〜500MPaである請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載のケース一体型ボンド磁石。
- 前記筒状ケースは、磁性材からなる請求項1に記載のボンド磁石の製造方法。
- 請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載の製造方法により得られることを特徴とするケース一体型ボンド磁石。
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