JP6764942B2 - 回転凹面鏡及びビームステアリング装置の組み合わせを用いた、2d走査型高精度ライダー - Google Patents
回転凹面鏡及びビームステアリング装置の組み合わせを用いた、2d走査型高精度ライダー Download PDFInfo
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Description
本願は、米国特許仮出願第62/441,280号(名称「COAXIAL INTERLACED RASTER SCANNING SYSTEM FOR LiDAR」、2016年12月31日出願)に対する優先権を主張する米国特許非仮出願第15/721,127号(名称「2D SCANNING HIGH PRECISION LiDAR USING COMBINATION OF ROTATING CONCAVE MIRROR AND BEAM STEERING DEVICES」、2017年9月29日出願)及び米国特許仮出願第62/529,955号(名称「2D SCANNING HIGH PRECISION LiDAR USING COMBINATION OF ROTATING CONCAVE MIRROR AND BEAM STEERING DEVICES」、2017年7月7日出願)に対する優先権を主張する。全出願の内容は、あらゆる目的でその全体が参照によって本明細書に組み込まれる。
Claims (34)
- 光検出及び測距(ライダー)走査システムであって、
1つ又は2つ以上の第1光パルスと1つ又は2つ以上の第2光パルスとを提供するように構成されている第1光源と、
前記第1光源に光学的に結合され、前記1つ又は2つ以上の第1光パルスと前記1つ又は2つ以上の第2光パルスとが向けられる1つ又は2つ以上のビームステアリング装置であって、各ビームステアリング装置が、回転可能な凹面反射器と、光ビームステアリングデバイスと、を備え、前記光ビームステアリングデバイス及び前記回転可能な凹面反射器が、互いに対して移動するときに、
前記1つ又は2つ以上の第1光パルスを第1光路に沿って垂直及び水平の両方向に操作して視野内の第1方向を照射し、
前記1つ又は2つ以上の第2光パルスを第2光路に沿って垂直及び水平の両方向に操作して第2方向を照射し、
1つ又は2つ以上の第1戻り光パルスを得て、前記1つ又は2つ以上の第1戻り光パルスが前記視野内の物体を照射する前記操作された第1光パルスに基づいて生成され、
前記1つ又は2つ以上の第1戻り光パルスを前記ライダー走査システム内に配設された1つ又は2つ以上の受光光学系へと方向転換し、
前記第1戻り光パルスを得るのと同時に、前記第2光路で前記第2方向を照射する前記操作された第2光パルスに基づいて生成される1つ又は2つ以上の第2戻り光パルスを得る
ように構成されている1つ又は2つ以上のビームステアリング装置と、
を備える、システム。 - 前記回転可能な凹面反射器が複数の多角形状の鏡を備え、前記多角形状の鏡が平面又は曲面を含む、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記多角形状の鏡が1つ又は2つ以上の縁部及び角部に関連する切欠部を備え、前記切欠部により、前記1つ又は2つ以上の第1光パルスを前記光ビームステアリングデバイスに送達できる、請求項2に記載のシステム。
- 前記光ビームステアリングデバイスが、前記回転可能な凹面反射器の回転軸に対してある角度をなして軸に沿って回転可能である回転可能な多面体である、請求項1乃至3の何れか1項に記載のシステム。
- 前記回転可能な多面体が沿って回転可能である軸と前記回転可能な凹面反射器の回転軸との角度が90°である、請求項4に記載のシステム。
- 前記回転可能な多面体が、光パルスを反射できる又は方向転換できる複数のファセットを備える、請求項4又は5に記載のシステム。
- 前記光ビームステアリングデバイスが、前記回転可能な凹面反射器の回転軸に対してある角度をなして軸に沿って前後に振動できる1ファセット振動鏡又はマルチファセット振動鏡である、請求項1乃至3の何れか1項に記載のシステム。
- 前記1ファセット振動鏡又はマルチファセット振動鏡が沿って前後に振動できる前記軸と前記回転可能な凹面反射器の回転軸との角度が90°である、請求項7に記載のシステム。
- 前記1ファセット振動鏡又はマルチファセット振動鏡が、光パルスを反射できる又は方向転換できる1つ又は2つ以上のファセットを備える、請求項7又は8に記載のシステム。
- 前記光ビームステアリングデバイスが平面又は曲面を含む、請求項1乃至9の何れか1項に記載のシステム。
- 前記1つ又は2つ以上の第1戻り光パルスが、前記視野内の前記物体を照射する前記操作された第1光パルスと実質的に平行である、請求項1乃至10の何れか1項に記載のシステム。
- 前記回転可能な凹状反射器が、
方向転換された複数の第1戻り光パルスを生成し、
前記方向転換された第1戻り光パルスを前記光ビームステアリングデバイスの1つ又は2つ以上のファセットへと方向転換する、
ように構成されている1つ又は2つ以上の鏡を備える、請求項1乃至11の何れか1項に記載のシステム。 - 前記光ビームステアリングデバイスが、
前記光ビームステアリングデバイスの前記1つ又は2つ以上のファセットを用いて、前記方向転換された第1戻り光パルスに基づいて方向転換された複数の第2戻り光パルスを生成し、
前記方向転換された複数の第2戻り光パルスを前記1つ又は2つ以上の受光光学系へと方向変換する、
ように構成されている、請求項12に記載のシステム。 - 前記方向転換された複数の第2戻り光パルスのうちの少なくとも1つが、前記第1光パルスを操作するファセットと同一の前記光ビームステアリングデバイスのファセットを用いて生成される、請求項13に記載のシステム。
- 前記方向転換された複数の第2戻り光パルスのうちの少なくとも1つが、前記第1光パルスを操作するファセットとは異なる前記光ビームステアリングデバイスのファセットを用いて生成される、請求項13に記載のシステム。
- 前記方向転換された複数の第2戻り光パルスを生成する前記光ビームステアリングデバイスの部分が、前記1つ又は2つ以上の第1光パルスを操作して視野内の物体を照射する部分とは異なる平坦性、異なる寸法、及び異なるファセット数のうちの1つ又は2つ以上を有する、請求項13乃至15の何れか1項に記載のシステム。
- 光ファイバと、ビームコリメートデバイスと、を更に備え、前記第1光源が、光ファイバ及び前記ビームコリメートデバイスを用いて前記1つ又は2つ以上のビームステアリング装置に光学的に結合されて、前記1つ又は2つ以上の第1光パルスを前記光ビームステアリングデバイスに送達できる、請求項1乃至16の何れか1項に記載のシステム。
- 前記第1戻り光パルスに関連する開口部の断面積に従って前記第1光パルスのパワーを動的に制御するように構成されているパワーコントローラを更に備える、請求項1乃至17の何れか1項に記載のシステム。
- 前記第1光源を用いて前記第2光パルスを生成するように構成されている部分反射鏡を更に備える、請求項1乃至18の何れか1項に記載のシステム。
- 前記1つ又は2つ以上の受光光学系のそれぞれが、前記方向転換された戻り光パルスを焦点に集束するように構成されている、請求項1乃至19の何れか1項に記載のシステム。
- 前記受光光学系のそれぞれが、
屈折光学レンズ、
放物面鏡、
凹面鏡、
複数の光学素子を含む複合光学レンズ、
放物面鏡と屈折光学レンズとを含む複合集束光学系、
のうちの少なくとも1つを備える、請求項20に記載のシステム。 - 前記1つ又は2つ以上の受光光学系のうちの少なくとも1つが、光学信号を検出し光学信号を電気信号に変換できる光感知デバイスを備える、請求項20又は21に記載のシステム。
- 前記光感知デバイスが、
光学信号を電気信号に変換するように構成されている光検出デバイス、
前記方向転換された戻り光パルスを光学信号を電気信号に変換する光検出デバイスへと方向転換するように構成されている光ファイバ、
のうちの少なくとも1つを備える、請求項22に記載のシステム。 - 前記光感知デバイスが前記1つ又は2つ以上の受光光学系の間で共有される、請求項22又は23に記載のシステム。
- 1つ又は2つ以上の集束光学系及び1つ又は2つ以上の鏡の第1組み合わせ、
ファイバ束又はパワーコンバイナのうちの少なくとも1つの第2組み合わせ、
のうちの少なくとも1つを更に備え、
前記第1組み合わせ及び前記第2組み合わせの両方が、前記方向転換された戻り光パルスを前記光感知デバイスへと方向転換するように構成されている、請求項24に記載のシステム。 - 前記光感知デバイスの表面に配設された屈折率整合材を更に備える、請求項22乃至25の何れか1項に記載のシステム。
- 前記第1光源が電気トリガー信号に基づいて前記1つ又は2つ以上の第1光パルスを生成するように構成されており、前記電気トリガー信号により、前記ライダー走査システムから伝送された前記1つ又は2つ以上の操作された第1光パルスに関連する基準時間を測定できる、請求項20乃至26の何れか1項に記載のシステム。
- 1つ又は2つ以上の基準光パルスを得て方向転換するように構成されている基準パルス生成デバイスであって、前記1つ又は2つ以上の基準光パルスが前記1つ又は2つ以上の第1光パルスの一部を含む、基準パルス生成デバイスと、
前記方向転換された基準光パルスを検出するように構成されている光感知デバイスであって、前記方向転換された基準光パルスにより、前記ライダー走査システムから伝送された、前記1つ又は2つ以上の操作された第1光パルスに関連する基準時間を測定できる、光感知デバイスと、
を更に備える、請求項20乃至27の何れか1項に記載のシステム。 - 前記基準パルス生成デバイスが、前記第1光パルスの一部を前記光感知デバイスに反射する部分反射デバイスである、請求項28に記載のシステム。
- 前記基準パルス生成デバイスが、前記第1光パルスの一部を分割し前記第1光パルスの一部を前記光感知デバイスへと方向転換する光スプリッタである、請求項28に記載のシステム。
- 前記光感知デバイスに電気的に結合される1つ又は2つ以上のプロセッサを更に備え、前記1つ又は2つ以上のプロセッサが、前記方向転換された基準光パルスと前記方向転換された戻り光パルスとの整合に基づいて飛行時間を測定するように構成されている、請求項28乃至30の何れか1項に記載のシステム。
- 第2光源を更に備え、前記1つ又は2つ以上の受光光学系が第1受光光学系と第2受光光学系とを備え、前記第2光源及び前記第2受光光学系が、前記第1光源及び前記第1受光光学系の前記光ビームステアリングデバイスの側とは異なる側に配設されて、前記光ビームステアリングデバイスの振動又は回転が、前記第1光源によって生成された方向とは異なる前記視野内の方向で前記第2光源によって生成された第2光パルスの操作を容易にする、請求項1乃至31の何れか1項に記載のシステム。
- ライダー走査システムを用いてライダー走査を実行するための方法であって、
第1光源によって、1つ又は2つ以上の第1光パルスと1つ又は2つ以上の第2光パルスとを提供することと、
前記第1光源に光学的に結合され、各ビームステアリング装置が、回転可能な凹面反射器と、前記回転可能な凹面反射器内に少なくとも部分的に配設された光ビームステアリングデバイスと、を備える、前記1つ又は2つ以上の第1光パルスと前記1つ又は2つ以上の第2光パルスとが向けられる1つ又は2つ以上のビームステアリング装置によって、前記光ビームステアリングデバイス及び前記回転可能な凹面反射器の組み合わせが、互いに対して移動するとき、
前記1つ又は2つ以上の第1光パルスを第1光路に沿って垂直及び水平の両方向に操作して視野内の第1方向を照射することと、
前記1つ又は2つ以上の第2光パルスを第2光路に沿って垂直及び水平の両方向に操作して第2方向を照射することと、
1つ又は2つ以上の第1戻り光パルスを得ることであって、前記1つ又は2つ以上の第1戻り光パルスが、前記視野内の物体を照射する、前記操作された第1光パルスに基づいて生成される、ことと、
前記1つ又は2つ以上の第1戻り光パルスを、前記ライダー走査システム内の受光光学デバイスへと方向転換することと、
前記第1戻り光パルスを得るのと同時に、前記第2光路で前記第2方向を照射する前記操作された第2光パルスに基づいて生成される1つ又は2つ以上の第2戻り光パルスを得ることと、
を実行することと、
を含む、方法。 - 水平角及び垂直角の1つ又は2つ以上の組み合わせにおいて、前記操作された第1光パルスを散乱又は反射する前記物体の距離を計算することに基づいて、ポイントクラウドの1つ又は2つ以上のポイントを形成することと、
前記操作された第1光パルスに対応する前記1つ又は2つ以上のポイントを集計することに基づいてサブフレームを生成することであって、前記操作された第1光パルスが水平及び垂直の両方向で少なくとも1回操作される、生成することと、
1つ又は2つ以上のサブフレームを組み合わせてフレームを形成することであって、前記フレームが、前記ライダー走査システムの移動及び前記物体の移動の両方の動き補正を表す、形成することと、
を更に含む、請求項33に記載の方法。
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