JP6489597B2 - 脱硝触媒、及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
脱硝触媒、及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP6489597B2 JP6489597B2 JP2018533851A JP2018533851A JP6489597B2 JP 6489597 B2 JP6489597 B2 JP 6489597B2 JP 2018533851 A JP2018533851 A JP 2018533851A JP 2018533851 A JP2018533851 A JP 2018533851A JP 6489597 B2 JP6489597 B2 JP 6489597B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- reference example
- vanadium pentoxide
- denitration catalyst
- denitration
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims description 170
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N divanadium pentaoxide Chemical compound O=[V](=O)O[V](=O)=O GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 170
- 239000013522 chelant Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- LSGOVYNHVSXFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadate(3-) Chemical compound [O-][V]([O-])([O-])=O LSGOVYNHVSXFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 94
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxalic acid group Chemical group C(C(=O)O)(=O)O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 72
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 45
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 28
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 21
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 20
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 15
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- UNTBPXHCXVWYOI-UHFFFAOYSA-O azanium;oxido(dioxo)vanadium Chemical compound [NH4+].[O-][V](=O)=O UNTBPXHCXVWYOI-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 12
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 10
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical group OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000000634 powder X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001144 powder X-ray diffraction data Methods 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CCNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241000208340 Araliaceae Species 0.000 description 3
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical group NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000282326 Felis catus Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000005035 Panax pseudoginseng ssp. pseudoginseng Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000003140 Panax quinquefolius Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 125000005595 acetylacetonate group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 3
- 235000008434 ginseng Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Cetrimonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910002483 Cu Ka Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QUEDYRXQWSDKKG-UHFFFAOYSA-M [O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[OH-] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[OH-] QUEDYRXQWSDKKG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002050 diffraction method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019333 sodium laurylsulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GRUMUEUJTSXQOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium dioxide Chemical compound O=[V]=O GRUMUEUJTSXQOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FJLUATLTXUNBOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Hexadecylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN FJLUATLTXUNBOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021542 Vanadium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003916 acid precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002280 amphoteric surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003093 cationic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001784 detoxification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- YMNMFUIJDSASQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N distrontium;oxygen(2-);vanadium Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V].[V].[Sr+2].[Sr+2] YMNMFUIJDSASQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052571 earthenware Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 for example Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- OGRLITDAVSILTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(2+);oxido(dioxo)vanadium Chemical compound [Pb+2].[O-][V](=O)=O.[O-][V](=O)=O OGRLITDAVSILTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000476 molybdenum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxomolybdenum Chemical compound [Mo]=O PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010603 pastilles Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical class S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052815 sulfur oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZNOKGRXACCSDPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten trioxide Chemical compound O=[W](=O)=O ZNOKGRXACCSDPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
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- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
- F01N3/2839—Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration
- F01N3/2842—Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration specially adapted for monolithic supports, e.g. of honeycomb type
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
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- B01D53/8625—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/8628—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/9413—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
- B01D53/9418—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides by selective catalytic reduction [SCR] using a reducing agent in a lean exhaust gas
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/96—Regeneration, reactivation or recycling of reactants
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/16—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/20—Vanadium, niobium or tantalum
- B01J23/22—Vanadium
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- B01J23/92—Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts comprising metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
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- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
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- B01J35/61—Surface area
- B01J35/613—10-100 m2/g
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J38/00—Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts, in general
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- B01J38/485—Impregnating or reimpregnating with, or deposition of metal compounds or catalytically active elements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
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- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
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- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
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- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
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Description
この脱硝触媒を用いることにより、200℃以下での選択的触媒還元反応でも高い脱硝効果を発揮できる。
また、上記実施形態に係る脱硝触媒を用いた選択的触媒還元反応において、SO2を酸化させることなく、高い脱硝効果がもたらされる。
これにより、反応温度が120℃でのNH3−SCRに、この脱硝触媒を用いると、20%を超えるNO転化率を示す。
これにより、上記実施形態に係る脱硝触媒の比表面積は大きくなり、上記実施形態に係る脱硝触媒を用いた選択的触媒還元反応における脱硝効果が向上する。
これにより、上記実施形態に係る脱硝触媒の比表面積は大きくなり、上記実施形態に係る脱硝触媒を用いた選択的触媒還元反応における脱硝効果が向上する。
1.1 各実施例と比較例
[参考例1]
バナジン酸アンモニウム(NH4VO3)を、空気中において300℃で4時間熱分解することにより得られた五酸化バナジウム(V2O5)を、参考例1の脱硝触媒とした。なお、この参考例1の脱硝触媒のサンプル名を、“V2O5_300”とした。
バナジン酸アンモニウムを、空気中において400℃で4時間熱分解することにより得られた五酸化バナジウムを、参考例2の脱硝触媒とした。なお、この参考例2の脱硝触媒のサンプル名を、“V2O5_400”とした。
バナジン酸アンモニウムを、空気中において500℃で4時間熱分解することにより得られた五酸化バナジウムを、比較例1の脱硝触媒とした。なお、この比較例1の脱硝触媒のサンプル名を、“V2O5_500”とした。
バナジン酸アンモニウムをシュウ酸溶液に溶解させた(バナジウム:シュウ酸のモル比=1:3)。全て溶かしきった後、ホットスターラー上で溶液中の水分を蒸発させ、乾燥機中において、120℃で一晩乾燥させた。その後、乾燥後の粉末を空気中において300℃で4時間焼成した。焼成後の五酸化バナジウムを、参考例9の脱硝触媒とした。なお、このゾルゲル法によって得られた参考例9の脱硝触媒のサンプル名を、“V2O5_SG_300”とした。また、バナジン酸アンモニウムをシュウ酸溶液に溶解する際の、バナジウムとシュウ酸のモル比が異なる脱硝触媒については、後述する。
バナジン酸アンモニウムをシュウ酸溶液に加え、10分間撹拌し、担体である酸化チタンをゆっくりと加えた。その後、ホットスターラー上で溶液中の水分を蒸発させ、乾燥機中において、120℃で一晩乾燥させた。その後、乾燥後の粉末を空気中において300℃で4時間焼成した。その結果として、五酸化バナジウムの質量パーセントが、0.3wt%となった焼成後の脱硝触媒を、比較例2の脱硝触媒とした。なお、この比較例2の脱硝触媒のサンプル名を、“0.3wt%V2O5/TiO2”とした。
比較例2と同様の手法によって得られると共に、五酸化バナジウムの質量パーセントが、0.9wt%である焼成後の脱硝触媒を、比較例3の脱硝触媒とした。なお、この比較例3の脱硝触媒のサンプル名を、“0.9wt%V2O5/TiO2”とした。
比較例2と同様の手法によって得られると共に、五酸化バナジウムの質量パーセントが、3.3wt%である焼成後の脱硝触媒を、参考例3の脱硝触媒とした。なお、この参考例3の脱硝触媒のサンプル名を、“3.3wt%V2O5/TiO2”とした。
比較例2と同様の手法によって得られると共に、五酸化バナジウムの質量パーセントが、9wt%である焼成後の脱硝触媒を、参考例4の脱硝触媒とした。なお、この参考例4の脱硝触媒のサンプル名を、“9wt%V2O5/TiO2”とした。
比較例2と同様の手法によって得られると共に、五酸化バナジウムの質量パーセントが、20wt%である焼成後の脱硝触媒を、参考例5の脱硝触媒とした。なお、この参考例5の脱硝触媒のサンプル名を、“20wt%V2O5/TiO2”とした。
比較例2と同様の手法によって得られると共に、五酸化バナジウムの質量パーセントが、33wt%である焼成後の脱硝触媒を、参考例6の脱硝触媒とした。なお、この参考例6の脱硝触媒のサンプル名を、“33wt%V2O5/TiO2”とした。
比較例2と同様の手法によって得られると共に、五酸化バナジウムの質量パーセントが、43wt%である焼成後の脱硝触媒を、実施例1の脱硝触媒とした。なお、この実施例1の脱硝触媒のサンプル名を、“43wt%V2O5/TiO2”とした。
比較例2と同様の手法によって得られると共に、五酸化バナジウムの質量パーセントが、80wt%である焼成後の脱硝触媒を、実施例2の脱硝触媒とした。なお、この実施例2の脱硝触媒のサンプル名を、“80wt%V2O5/TiO2”とした。
既存触媒を比較例4とした。なお、既存触媒とは、酸化チタン(TiO2)(含有率:79.67wt%)に、酸化タングステン(WO3)(含有率:10.72wt%)及びシリカ(SiO2)(含有率:6.25wt%)等が担持され、バナジウムが0.5%前後含まれた触媒である。
1.2.1 粉末X線回折
(回折方法)
粉末X線回折としては、Rigaku smart labにより、Cu−Kaを用いて測定を行った。
参考例9(V2O5_SG_300),参考例1(V2O5_300),参考例2(V2O5_400),及び比較例1(V2O5_500)の粉末XRDパターンを図1に、参考例9(V2O5_SG_300),実施例1、参考例3〜6,及び比較例2〜3(xwt%V2O5/TiO2)の粉末XRDパターンを図2に示す。参考例9(V2O5_SG_300),参考例1(V2O5_300),参考例2(V2O5_400),比較例1(V2O5_500)の粉末XRDパターンでは、熱分解温度、調製法に関わらず、V2O5のみのピークが観察された。実施例1,参考例3〜6,及び比較例2〜3(xwt%V2O5/TiO2)の粉末XRDパターンに関しては、9wt%までV2O5ピークが見られず、TiO2に高分散していると考えられる。V2O5担持量が20wt%まで増加すると、22.2°、27.4°にV2O5のピークが観察されるようになり、担持量が増すごとにV2O5ピーク強度が大きくなっていった。一方、TiO2ピークは減少していく傾向にあった。
(測定方法)
BET比表面積の測定には、MicrotracBEL BELSORP−maxを用いた。Ar雰囲気下、200℃で2時間前処理をした後、196℃で測定した。
参考例3〜6、及び実施例1〜2、及び比較例2〜3(xwt%V2O5/TiO2)に関しては、五酸化バナジウムの担持量が増加するにつれ、TiO2の細孔が埋められていき、BET比表面積が低下していった。
(測定方法)
以下の表2の条件の下、固定床流通式触媒反応装置を用いてNH3−SCR反応を行った。触媒層を通過したガスのうち、NO、NH3、NO2、N2OをJasco FT−IR−4700で分析した。
図3に五酸化バナジウム触媒のNH3−SCR活性を示す。バナジン酸アンモニウムを熱分解して得られた触媒の場合、熱分解温度が低くなるにつれてNO転化率は大きくなっていき、熱分解温度300℃の触媒である参考例1(V2O5_300℃)で最も高い活性を示した。また、反応温度200℃においては、参考例1(V2O5_300℃)、参考例2(V2O5_400℃)、参考例9(V2O5_SG_300℃)のいずれかを触媒として用いた場合、80%以上のNO転化率があった。更に、いずれの実施例も、比較例1及び比較例4に比較して高いNO転化率を示した。
以下の表3の条件の下、選択的触媒還元反応を行うことにより、参考例1(V2O5_300℃)を触媒として用いた場合の、空間速度(ガス処理用)依存性を測定した。測定結果を、図5に示す。図5(a)は、反応温度120℃におけるNO転化率を示し、図5(b)は、反応温度100℃におけるNO転化率を示す。
80%のNO無害化達成は、120℃において約15Lh−1gcat −1であり、100℃において約11Lh−1gcat −1であった。
空間速度を変化させた実験においても、N2への選択率は、ほぼ100%であった。
参考例1(V2O5_300℃)を触媒とし、以下の表4の条件の下、反応温度150℃、空間速度20Lh−1gcat −1にてNH3−SCR反応の実験を行った際の、時間経過に伴うNO転化率を、図6に示す。反応開始1.5h経過後に、2.3%H2Oを添加した所、NO転化率は64%から50%へと低下した。H2Oを添加してもN2への選択性は変化がなく、100%であった。反応開始から3.5h経過後に水の導入を止めた所、NO転化率は増加し、67%となった。
上記の水分共存下における反応に係る実験と同様の条件下で、SO2100ppmを反応ガスに流通させた。実験結果を、図7に示す。NOの触媒活性には変化がなく、150℃までの温度上昇完了後から、常にH2OとO2が存在するものの、SO2の濃度が下がることはなく、SO2は反応しなかった。したがって、実施例の脱硝触媒は、耐S性も有することが分かった。
図8に、反応温度毎の、五酸化バナジウム担持量とNO転化率との関係を示す。図8(a)は、反応温度120℃における五酸化バナジウム担持量とNO転化率の関係を示す。同様に、図8(b)は、反応温度150℃、図8(c)は、反応温度100℃における五酸化バナジウム担持量とNO転化率の関係を示す。なお、各グラフにおいて、五酸化バナジウム担持量が100wt%となっている触媒は、上記の参考例9により調製された脱硝触媒V2O5_SG_300である。四角を用いてプロットされた点は、比較例4である既存触媒のNO転化率を示す。
全てのグラフにおいて、概ね、五酸化バナジウム担持量が増えるほど、NO転化率が高くなることが示された。ただし、いずれのグラフにおいても、五酸化バナジウム担持量が3.3wt%の触媒が、五酸化バナジウム担持量が9.0wt%の触媒よりも高いNO転化率を示した。
具体的には、図8(a)に見られるように、反応温度120℃のNH3−SCR反応においては、五酸化バナジウム担持量が80wt%となった段階で、NO転化率が80%となった。また、図8(b)に見られるように、反応温度150℃のNH3−SCR反応においては、五酸化バナジウム担持量が3.3wt%となった段階で、NO転化率は大きく上昇することが示された。更に、図8(c)に見られるように、反応温度100℃の選択的触媒還元反応においては、五酸化バナジウム担持量が43wt%までの脱硝触媒に比較して、五酸化バナジウム担持量が80wt%の脱硝触媒で、NO転化率が大きく上昇することが示された。
図9(a)に、五酸化バナジウムを酸化チタンに担持させた脱硝触媒における、BET比表面積とNO転化率との関係を示す。五酸化バナジウムを酸化チタンに担持させた脱硝触媒においては、担持量を増やしていくと、概して、BET比表面積は減る一方で、活性は上がっていくことが示された。
また、図9(b)に、五酸化バナジウムを酸化チタンに担持させた脱硝触媒と、酸化チタンに担持させない脱硝触媒双方の、BET比表面積とNO転化率の関係を示す。五酸化バナジウムを酸化チタンに担持させない触媒においては、BET比表面積を増やすほど、活性が上がっていくことが示された。
2.1 各参考例(参考例7〜8、参考例10〜12)
上記の「1.1 各実施例と比較例」においては、「参考例9」として、バナジウムとシュウ酸のモル比が1:3となるように、バナジン酸アンモニウムをシュウ酸溶液に溶解させた後、水分を蒸発させ、乾燥させ、乾燥粉末を焼成した脱硝触媒を作製した。このバナジウムとシュウ酸のモル比を、1:1、1:2、1:3、1:4、1:5とした脱硝触媒を、参考例7、参考例10〜12、参考例8とする。
具体的には、上記の繰り返しとなるが、バナジン酸アンモニウムをシュウ酸溶液に溶解させた(バナジウム:シュウ酸のモル比=1:1〜1:5)。全て溶かしきった後、ホットスターラー上で溶液中の水分を蒸発させ、乾燥機中において、120℃で一晩乾燥させた。その後、乾燥後の粉末を空気中において300℃で4時間焼成した。
それらのサンプル名を、各々、“V2O5_SG_1:1”(参考例7),“V2O5_SG_1:2”(参考例10),“V2O5_SG_1:3”(参考例11),“V2O5_SG_1:4”(参考例12),“V2O5_SG_1:5”(参考例8)とした。
なお、「1.1 各実施例と比較例」における「参考例9」である、“V2O5_SG_300”と、参考例11の“V2O5_SG_1:3”とは、実質的に同一物であるが、説明の便宜上、ここでは、サンプル名が“V2O5_SG_1:3”の「参考例11」とした。
なお、BET比表面積を高めるため、シュウ酸溶液に界面活性剤を加えてもよい。界面活性剤としては、例えば、臭化ヘキサデシルトリメチルアンモニウム(CTAB)、ラウリル硫酸ナトリウム(SDS)、ヘキサデシルアミン等の陰イオン界面活性剤、陽イオン界面活性剤、両性界面活性剤、非イオン界面活性剤が例示できる。
2.2.1 粉末X線回折
(回折方法)
上記の1.2.1と同様、粉末X線回折は、Rigaku smart labにより、Cu−Kaを用いて測定を行った。
参考例7、参考例10〜12、参考例8(V2O5_SG)の粉末XRDパターンを、図10に示す。バナジウム:シュウ酸比が1:1,1:2,1:5となる溶液を用いて作製した五酸化バナジウム(参考例7、参考例10、及び参考例8)は、斜包晶V2O5ピークのみ検出されたが、バナジウム:シュウ酸比が1:3,1:4となる溶液を用いて作製した五酸化バナジウム(参考例11及び12)では、斜包晶V2O5ピークの他に、11°に未確認ピークが検出された。しかしながら、現時点で同定はできていない。
(測定方法)
上記の1.2.3と同様、BET比表面積の測定には、MicrotracBEL BELSORP−maxを用いた。Ar雰囲気下、200℃で2時間前処理をした後、196℃で測定した。
(測定方法)
上記の1.2.4と同一の測定方法で、各V2O5_SG触媒のNH3−SCR活性を測定し、NO転化率を算出した。
図11に、V2O5_SG触媒のNH3−SCR活性を示す。図11(a)は、各触媒を用いたNH3−SCR反応における、反応温度毎のNO転化率を示す。また、図11(b)は、反応温度120℃におけるバナジウム:シュウ酸の比率とNO転化率の関係を示す。バナジウム:シュウ酸の比率が1:3の触媒である参考例11(V2O5_SG_1:3)において、NO転化率が最も高くなり、それ以上シュウ酸を加えると、NO転化率は減少した。参考例12(V2O5_SG_1:4)は、参考例10(V2O5_SG_1:2)よりも比表面積が大きいにもかかわらず、NO転化率が低かった。
図12に、参考例10〜12、参考例7の各V2O5_SG、及び、上記の参考例1(V2O5_300),参考例2(V2O5_400),比較例1(V2O5_500)における、BET比表面積とNO転化率との関係を示す。なお、四角の点で示されるプロットは、参考例11(V2O5_SG_1:3)の、選択的触媒還元反応後におけるBET比表面積とNO転化率との関係を示す。上記の繰り返しとなるが、バナジウム:シュウ酸の比率が1:3の触媒である参考例11(V2O5_SG_1:3)において、NO転化率が最も高くなることが示された。
(測定方法)
NH3−TPD(TPD:昇温脱離プログラム)により、触媒表面の酸点の量を見積もることが出来る。そこで、マイクロトラックベル社製のベルキャットを用い、装置中で、参考例1(V2O5_300)、参考例2(V2O5_400)、比較例1(V2O5_500)、参考例10(V2O5_SG_1:2)、参考例11(V2O5_SG_1:3)の各触媒0.1gを、He(50ml/min)流通下300℃にて1時間前処理した。その後、100℃に下げ、5%アンモニア/He(50ml/min)を30分流通させ、アンモニアを吸着した。流通ガスをHe(50ml/min)に切り替え、30分の安定化の後、10℃/minで昇温し、質量数16のアンモニアを質量分析計にてモニターした。
これらのNH3脱離量の値と、各々の触媒のBET比表面積とをプロットすると、図13のグラフが得られる。この図13のグラフからも分かるように、V2O5のBET比表面積にほぼ比例して、NH3脱離量が大きくなることが示された。また、各触媒のNH3脱離量とNO転化率との対応関係をプロットすると、図14のグラフが得られた。すなわち、NH3脱離量=触媒表面の酸点の量が大きい触媒ほど、NO転化率が高くなることが示された。
Claims (3)
- 担体に少なくとも五酸化バナジウムを担持してなる脱硝触媒であって、前記五酸化バナジウムが43wt%〜80wt%存在し、BET比表面積が30m2/g以上であり、200℃以下での脱硝に用いられる脱硝触媒。
- 前記担体は、酸化チタン、酸化アルミニウム、及びシリカのうちいずれか1以上である、請求項1に記載の脱硝触媒。
- バナジン酸塩をキレート化合物に溶解した後、前記担体を加えてから乾燥した後に焼成する工程を有する、請求項1又は2に記載の脱硝触媒の製造方法。
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