JP6395064B2 - リチウム二次電池用正極材の製造方法 - Google Patents
リチウム二次電池用正極材の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6395064B2 JP6395064B2 JP2016532046A JP2016532046A JP6395064B2 JP 6395064 B2 JP6395064 B2 JP 6395064B2 JP 2016532046 A JP2016532046 A JP 2016532046A JP 2016532046 A JP2016532046 A JP 2016532046A JP 6395064 B2 JP6395064 B2 JP 6395064B2
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- positive electrode
- electrode material
- secondary battery
- lithium secondary
- producing
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- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims description 108
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 47
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 47
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 41
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- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- 229910021437 lithium-transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 45
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 32
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- 239000011858 nanopowder Substances 0.000 claims description 14
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- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- ARXJGSRGQADJSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methoxypropan-2-ol Chemical group COCC(C)O ARXJGSRGQADJSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
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- HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium iodide Inorganic materials [Li+].[I-] HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitromethane Chemical compound C[N+]([O-])=O LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid Substances OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229920005608 sulfonated EPDM Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphite Chemical compound CCOP(OCC)OCC BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Description
本出願は、2014年9月12日付韓国特許出願第10−2014−0121355号及び2015年9月10日付韓国特許出願第10−2015−0128135号に基づいた優先権の利益を主張し、当該韓国特許出願の文献に開示されている全ての内容は本明細書の一部として含まれる。
本発明は、ガンマアルミナコーティング層を含むリチウム二次電池用正極材の製造方法と、ガンマアルミナコーティング層を含むリチウム二次電池用正極材及びこれを含むリチウム二次電池とに関する。
下記化学式(1)で表されるリチウム遷移金属酸化物を合成する第1段階;
前記リチウム遷移金属酸化物を粉砕してリチウム遷移金属酸化物粉末を製造する第2段階;
前記リチウム遷移金属酸化物粉末をアルミナナノゾルに分散しながら混合し、アルミナコーティング層を含む正極材を製造する第3段階;及び
前記正極材を乾燥する第4段階;を含むリチウム二次電池用正極材の製造方法を提供する。
前記アルミナコーティング層のカバレッジは、前記リチウム遷移金属酸化物粒子の全体表面積対比30から50%である二次電池用正極材を提供する。
前記正極は、下記化学式(2)で表される正極材を含むリチウム二次電池を提供する。
アルミナナノ粉末及び溶媒を混合してアルミナナノ粉末懸濁液を製造する段階;及び前記懸濁液をビーズミル装置に分散させてアルミナナノゾルを製造する段階;を含み、前記アルミナナノゾルはガンマアルミナ状が99%以上であるアルミナナノゾルの製造方法を提供する。
製造例1:アルミナナノゾルの製造
ガンマアルミナ粉末(製品名:Alu−C、大きさD50)1000gと1−メトキシ−2−プロパノール9000gを混合した後、これを垂直ビーズミル(製品名:Apex mill)装置に分散させて10nm粒径のガンマアルミナナノ粉末を含むガンマアルミナナノゾルを製造した。前記アルミナナノゾルを乾燥してXRD測定を行った(図1参照)。
Li2Co348.25g及びCo3O4101.75gを粉末混合器に入れて5分間混合した後、焼成炉1000℃温度で10時間焼成した。焼成後に出たケーキ(cake)を粉砕機に入れて、18μmの大きさで粉砕してリチウム遷移金属酸化物(LiCoO2)を製造した。
前記実施例1で製造された正極材を約500℃温度で10時間さらに高温焼成する段階を除いては、前記実施例1に開示された方法と同じ方法で正極材を製造した。図3は、製造された正極材表面に対する電子燎微鏡(SEM)写真である。
前記実施例1で製造されたアルミナコーティング層が形成された正極材と導電材及びバインダを96:2:2重量比で混合して正極スラリーを製造した後、前記スラリーをAlホイルに塗布した後、圧延及び乾燥して二次電池用正極を製造した。前記正極をコイン型(coin type)の形態に打ち抜いた後、コイン型の二次電池を製造した。
前記実施例2で製造されたアルミナコーティング層が形成された正極材と導電材及びバインダを96:2:2重量比で混合して正極スラリーを製造した後、前記スラリーをAlホイルに塗布した後、圧延及び乾燥して二次電池用正極を製造した。前記正極をコイン型の形態に打ち抜いた後、コイン型の二次電池を製造した。
アルコキシド溶媒を用いてアルミニウム(Al)を酸化させてアルミナ溶液を製造した後、前記アルミナ溶液に一定量の正極材粉末(LiCoO2)を分散しながら混合してアルミナコーティング層が形成された正極材を製造した。
前記比較例1で製造された正極材を約500℃温度で10時間さらに高温焼成する段階を除いては、前記比較例1に開示された方法と同じ方法で正極材を製造した。図5は、製造された正極材表面に対する電子燎微鏡(SEM)写真である。
前記比較例1で製造されたアルミナコーティング層が形成された正極材と導電材及びバインダを96:2:2重量比で混合して正極スラリーを製造した後、前記スラリーをAlホイルに塗布した後、圧延及び乾燥して二次電池用正極を製造した。前記正極をコイン型の形態に打ち抜いた後、コイン型電池を構成した。負極活物質としてはLiメタルを用いており、電解液としてはカーボネート電解液に1M LiPF6が溶けている電解液を用いた。
前記比較例2で製造されたアルミナコーティング層が形成された正極材と導電材及びバインダを96:2:2重量比で混合して正極スラリーを製造した後、前記スラリーをAlホイルに塗布した後、圧延及び乾燥して二次電池用正極を製造した。前記正極をコイン型の形態に打ち抜いた後、コイン型電池を構成した。負極活物質としてはLiメタルを用いており、電解液としてはカーボネート電解液に1M LiPF6が溶けている電解液を用いた。
前記実施例1及び2と、比較例1及び2で製造されたそれぞれの正極材表面を電子燎微鏡で測定してアルミナコーティング層のカバレッジを測定した。
実施例3、4及び比較例3、4の二次電池の電解液を外部空気に露出させて電解液内にHFを発生させ、電解液全体重量対比HFの含量が10,500ppm(水分含量は10,000ppm)である二次電池を製造した。次いで、水分含量を10,000ppm水準で維持した電解液100gに実施例1及び2で製造した正極材を投入し、一定時間が経過した後、電解液内に残っているHF含量(濃度)を測定した。その結果を表1に示した。
前記実施例3及び4と比較例3及び4で製造された二次電池に対するサイクル寿命テストを行い、その結果を図6及び7に示した。具体的に、45℃で0.5C/1C4.45Vで50サイクルを回して容量変化テストを行った。
Claims (15)
- 下記化学式(1)で表されるリチウム遷移金属酸化物を合成する第1段階;
前記リチウム遷移金属酸化物を粉砕してリチウム遷移金属酸化物粉末を製造する第2段階;
前記リチウム遷移金属酸化物粉末をガンマアルミナナノゾルに分散しながら混合してガンマアルミナコーティング層を含む正極材を製造する第3段階;及び
前記正極材を乾燥する第4段階;を含み、
前記ガンマアルミナナノゾルは、アルミナナノ粉末及び溶媒を混合して製造される前記アルミナナノ粉末の懸濁液を分散させることにより製造されるものであり、
前記アルミナナノ粉末の99%以上がガンマアルミナであり、
前記溶媒はガンマアルミナゾルの全体含量を基準に70重量%から99重量%で含み、
前記第3段階で前記リチウム遷移金属酸化物粉末とガンマアルミナナノゾルは、1:80から100重量比で混合し、
前記第4段階の乾燥は、130から350℃条件下で行われるリチウム二次電池用正極材の製造方法。
- 前記ガンマアルミナコーティング層は、ガンマアルミナコーティング層全体重量を基準にガンマアルミナを95重量%以上含むものである請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極材の製造方法。
- 前記リチウム遷移金属酸化物は、Li(Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2)またはLiCoO2である請求項1または2に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極材の製造方法。
- 前記第2段階で粉砕されたリチウム遷移金属酸化物粉末の粒径は、10μmから30μmである請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極材の製造方法。
- 前記第3段階で、リチウム遷移金属酸化物粉末は、ガンマアルミナナノゾル内にリチウム遷移金属酸化物粉末を直接分散するか、または有機溶媒にリチウム遷移金属酸化物粉末を噴射させて、リチウム遷移金属酸化物粉末溶液を製造した後、分散する請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極材の製造方法。
- 前記有機溶媒は、1−メトキシ−2−プロパノール、エチルアルコール、メチルアルコール、またはイソピロピルアルコールである請求項5に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極材の製造方法。
- 前記有機溶媒は、正極材全体含量を基準に70から99重量%で用いられる請求項5または6に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極材の製造方法。
- 前記方法は、第4段階後に乾燥された正極材を焼成する第5段階をさらに含む請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極材の製造方法。
- 前記第5段階の焼成は、400から800℃条件下で行われる請求項8に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極材の製造方法。
- 前記懸濁液をビーズミル装置に分散させて前記ガンマアルミナナノゾルを製造する請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極材の製造方法。
- 前記懸濁液のビーズミル装置への分散は、中心部回転速度3000rpm以上である請求項10に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極材の製造方法。
- 前記ビーズミル装置のビーズミルの粒径は、0.05から0.1mmである請求項10または11に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極材の製造方法。
- 前記溶媒は、1−メトキシ−2−プロパノール、エチルアルコール、メチルアルコール、またはイソピロピルアルコールである請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極材の製造方法。
- 前記アルミナナノ粉末の粒径は、1nmから50nmである請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極材の製造方法。
- 前記ガンマアルミナナノゾルは、1nmから20nm粒径のアルミナナノ粉末を含有する請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極材の製造方法。
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