JP6253135B2 - 低溶解性化合物の安定な複合体 - Google Patents
低溶解性化合物の安定な複合体 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6253135B2 JP6253135B2 JP2012230446A JP2012230446A JP6253135B2 JP 6253135 B2 JP6253135 B2 JP 6253135B2 JP 2012230446 A JP2012230446 A JP 2012230446A JP 2012230446 A JP2012230446 A JP 2012230446A JP 6253135 B2 JP6253135 B2 JP 6253135B2
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- therapeutically active
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Images
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
- A61K9/141—Intimate drug-carrier mixtures characterised by the carrier, e.g. ordered mixtures, adsorbates, solid solutions, eutectica, co-dried, co-solubilised, co-kneaded, co-milled, co-ground products, co-precipitates, co-evaporates, co-extrudates, co-melts; Drug nanoparticles with adsorbed surface modifiers
- A61K9/146—Intimate drug-carrier mixtures characterised by the carrier, e.g. ordered mixtures, adsorbates, solid solutions, eutectica, co-dried, co-solubilised, co-kneaded, co-milled, co-ground products, co-precipitates, co-evaporates, co-extrudates, co-melts; Drug nanoparticles with adsorbed surface modifiers with organic macromolecular compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
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- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
- A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
- A61K47/56—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic macromolecular compound, e.g. an oligomeric, polymeric or dendrimeric molecule
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
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- A61P31/12—Antivirals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P7/00—Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
- A61P7/02—Antithrombotic agents; Anticoagulants; Platelet aggregation inhibitors
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
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- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
- Nitrogen Condensed Heterocyclic Rings (AREA)
- Plural Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Description
2.1 融合法:この技術に従うと、治療活性化合物は非イオン性ポリマーの中に分散され、固体分散体を形成する。典型的には、この非イオン性ポリマー(例えばPluronic(登録商標)及びポリエチレングリコール)をその融点より高い温度に溶融させ、そしてこの治療活性化合物を撹拌しながら溶融ポリマーの中に溶解する。米国特許第5,281,420号を参照のこと。得られる溶融塊を次いで室温にまで冷却する。この工程の結果、この治療活性化合物はポリマーの中に融合し、そして冷却すると、アモルファス状態で沈降析出する。このアモルファス状態の化合物は一般に当初の結晶状態の化合物よりも速い溶解速度を有する。かくして、この化合物をアモルファス状態にすることにより、この方法は生物有用度を改善する。しかしながら、非イオン性ポリマーの一層高い水溶解度及び低融点に基づき、アモルファス状態の治療活性化合物はその安定性を維持できず、そして長期間の貯蔵の際に往々にして遭遇する高湿度及び高温への曝露を経て最終的にその結晶状態にもどり変換する。Yoshiokaら、J. Pharm. Sci. 83 : 1700-1705 (1994)。
従って、この技術は治療活性化合物のほとんどの剤型に適さず、そして低溶性を有する治療活性化合物には確実に適さない。
「化合物/ポリマー複合体」又は「水不溶性複合体」とは本発明の方法に従って、治療活性化合物及び水不溶性イオン性ポリマーの同時沈殿(「マイクロ沈殿」)により形成される物理的に安定な生成物を意味する。
「溶解速度」とは特定の化合物が生理学的流体の中でin vitroで溶解する速さを意味する。
「イオン性ポリマー」又は「イオン性担体ポリマー」には陰イオン性(負に帯電)及び陽イオン性(正の帯電)ポリマーの双方が含まれる。
「分子的に分散」とは、治療活性化合物がポリマーの中で最終的な副分割状態で存在することを意味する。例えば、M. G. Vachonら、J. Microencapsulation 14 (3) : 281-301 (1997) ; M. A. and Vandelliら、J. Microencapsulation 10 (1) : 55-65 (1993) 参照のこと。
a)スプレードライ又は凍結乾燥法
b)溶媒コントロール化沈殿
c)pHコントロール化沈殿
d)ホットメルト押出工程
e)超臨界流体技術
本発明に係る水不溶性複合体は2種類以上の上記のイオン性ポリマーの混合物を含んで成ってもよい(例えば実施例9及び10参照のこと)。
本発明の一態様において、本発明の水不溶性複合体は下記の方法のいずれかを利用して調製する:
d)ホットメルト押出方法:熱可塑特性を有するイオン性ポリマー内での治療活性化合物のマイクロ沈殿はホットメルト押出方法によって達成されうる。この結晶状治療活性化合物及びポリマーを適当なブレンダーの中で混合し、そして温度コントロール化押出機に連続供給し、治療活性化合物を溶融イオン性ポリマーの中に分子的に分散させる。得られる押出品を室温に冷やし、そして微粉末へとミリング(微粉砕)する。
例1に適用可能な手順(マイクロナイズ化化合物)
化合物Iを流体エネルギーミルを利用してマイクロナイズ化し、平均粒子サイズ10ミクロンとした。この手順は化合物の結晶状態を変えなかった。
化合物Iの10%の懸濁物を、凝集を防ぐための保護コロイドとして5%のKlucel EF(登録商標)(ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース:Aqualon Corp.)を含む水性媒体の中でウェットミリングに付した。ミリングはミリング媒体として0.25mmのガラスビーズを利用して24時間かけてDynomillの中でバッチ方式で実施した。得られる懸濁物の平均粒子サイズは700nmであり、そしてこの懸濁物の乾燥の後に得られる残渣はその化合物が結晶状態で存在することを実証した。
90%のPluronic F68(ポリマー)中の化合物Iの10%の分散体をホットメルト技術を利用して調製した。この化合物を溶融Pluronic F68の中に60℃で混合し、そしてその分散体を180℃まで加熱して化合物Iを溶解した。この溶液を室温にまで冷却して固形塊を得た。この溶融分散体の粉末X線回折(「XRD」)パターンはPluronic F68のそれと似かよっていた。このXRDは化合物Iが固体分散体の中でアモルファス状態で存在することを示した。この技術により得られる固体分散体を動物に投与するのに用いる前に水性媒体の中に更に分散させた。
本発明の方法に従うと、化合物I,II,IV又はV及び個別に表示した特定のポリマー(即ち、Eudragit L100−55,Eudragit L100又はEudragit S100)をジメチルアセトアミドの中に溶解した。次いで得られる溶液をpH2の低温(2〜10℃)水性溶液にゆっくりと加え、この化合物とポリマーとを不溶性マトリックスとして共沈殿させた。ここでこの化合物はポリマーの中に分子的に分散された。
各ケース毎に、沈殿物をpH2の低温(2〜10℃)水性溶液で数回、残留ジメチルアセトアミドが0.2%未満となるまで洗った。その沈殿物を送風オーブンの中で40℃で24時間かけて水分レベルが2%未満となるまで乾燥し、そしてFitz Mill(登録商標)(Fitzpatrick)を用い、フォワードナイフ及びサイズ0スクリーンを利用して低速で所望の粒子サイズへとミリングした。所望の平均粒子サイズは50〜400μmのサイズ幅において90%の粒子とした。
上記の方法に従うと、化合物III 及び個別に表示した特定のポリマー(即ち、Eudragit L100−55,Eudragit L100、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロースフタレート(HP−50)又はEudragit S100)をエタノールに溶解した。得られる溶液を真空オーブンの中で24時間かけて乾燥による重量損失が2%未満となるまで乾燥するか、又はその溶液をスプレードライした。この工程の結果、この化合物及びポリマーは不溶性複合体として共沈殿し、ここでこの化合物はポリマーの中に分子的に分散した。得られる乾燥フィルムを乳鉢で粉砕し、そして60メッシュスクリーンでスクリーニングした。
表1は例1〜16の結果をまとめる。表1には個々の治療活性化合物、並びに適宜、調製した化合物/ポリマー複合体、化合物/ポリマー複合体を調製する方法、及び各例から得られる生成物の物理特性を表示する。
Claims (20)
- 前記治療活性化合物が結晶状態にあるときに低溶性な化合物である、請求項1記載の薬理組成物。
- 前記結晶状態にある低溶性治療活性化合物が水性溶液中で1mg/ml未満の溶解度を有する、請求項2記載の薬理組成物。
- 前記イオン性ポリマーが陽イオン性ポリマーである、請求項1記載の薬理組成物。
- 前記陽イオン性ポリマーがジメチルアミノエチルメタクリレートと中性メタクリル酸エステルとのコポリマーである、請求項4記載の薬理組成物。
- 前記陽イオン性ポリマーがEudragit E(登録商標)である、請求項5記載の薬理組成物。
- 前記イオン性ポリマーが陰イオン性ポリマーである、請求項1記載の薬理組成物。
- 前記陰イオン性ポリマーがメタクリル酸とアクリル酸エチルとのコポリマー又はメタクリル酸とメタクリル酸メチルとのコポリマーである、請求項7記載の薬理組成物。
- 前記陰イオン性ポリマーがEudragit L100−55(登録商標)、Eudragit L−100(登録商標)及びEudragit S−100(登録商標)から成る群より選ばれる、請求項8記載の薬理組成物。
- 前記陰イオン性ポリマーがポリビニルアセテートフタレート、セルロースアセテートフタレート、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロースフタレート、セルロースアセテートテレフタレート、ポリシアノアクリレート及びヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロースアセチルスクシネート、カルボキシメチルセルロース及び低置換化ヒドロキシプロピルセルロースから成る群より選ばれる、請求項7記載の薬理組成物。
- 前記イオン性ポリマーが4を超えるpHにおいて不溶性である、請求項1記載の薬理組成物。
- 前記イオン性ポリマー及び結晶状態にある治療活性化合物が共に4を超えるpHにおいて相対的に不溶性である、請求項1記載の薬理組成物。
- 前記イオン性ポリマーが4未満のpHにおいて不溶性である、請求項1記載の薬理組成物。
- 前記イオン性化合物及び結晶状態にある治療活性化合物が共に4未満のpHにおいて相対的に不溶性である、請求項1記載の薬理組成物。
- 前記イオン性ポリマーが前記複合体の中に20重量%以上の量で存在する、請求項1記載の薬理組成物。
- 前記治療活性化合物が前記複合体の中に、当該複合体の0.1〜80重量%の量で存在する、請求項16記載の薬理組成物。
- 前記治療活性化合物が前記複合体の中に、当該複合体の30〜70重量%の量で存在する、請求項17記載の薬理組成物。
- 前記イオン性ポリマーが前記複合体の中に当該複合体の50重量%の量で存在し、そして前記治療活性化合物が50重量%の量で存在する、請求項18記載の薬理組成物。
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