JP5231631B2 - リチウム二次電池用正極活物質、その製造方法、これを含むリチウム二次電池の正極、及びリチウム二次電池 - Google Patents
リチウム二次電池用正極活物質、その製造方法、これを含むリチウム二次電池の正極、及びリチウム二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5231631B2 JP5231631B2 JP2011507330A JP2011507330A JP5231631B2 JP 5231631 B2 JP5231631 B2 JP 5231631B2 JP 2011507330 A JP2011507330 A JP 2011507330A JP 2011507330 A JP2011507330 A JP 2011507330A JP 5231631 B2 JP5231631 B2 JP 5231631B2
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- Prior art keywords
- positive electrode
- lithium
- active material
- electrode active
- metal oxide
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- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims description 118
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 54
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 53
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 33
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 63
- 229910021450 lithium metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 53
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 52
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium titanate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[Ba+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])([O-])[O-] JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 229910002113 barium titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000011163 secondary particle Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoyttriooxy)yttrium Chemical compound O=[Y]O[Y]=O SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910004124 Li(NiaCobAlc)O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910004320 Li(NixCoyMnz)O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001386 lithium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K trilithium;phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 33
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 25
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 22
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 19
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000011258 core-shell material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 7
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 6
- URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxonickel Chemical compound [Li].[Ni]=O URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000006245 Carbon black Super-P Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010450 olivine Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052609 olivine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002102 lithium manganese oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RVBWNCCYGURRPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[Zr+4].[Co+2].[Li+] Chemical compound [O-2].[Zr+4].[Co+2].[Li+] RVBWNCCYGURRPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000398 iron phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(3+) phosphate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RSNHXDVSISOZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nickel Chemical compound [Li].[Ni] RSNHXDVSISOZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido-oxo-(oxomanganiooxy)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Mn](=O)O[Mn]=O VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010297 mechanical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009782 nail-penetration test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018058 Ni-Co-Al Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018060 Ni-Co-Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000080590 Niso Species 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018144 Ni—Co—Al Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018209 Ni—Co—Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSNQXZYQEIKDPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Fe] Chemical compound [Li].[Fe] QSNQXZYQEIKDPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KLARSDUHONHPRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Mn] Chemical compound [Li].[Mn] KLARSDUHONHPRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IDSMHEZTLOUMLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[O].[Co] Chemical class [Li].[O].[Co] IDSMHEZTLOUMLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000361 cobalt sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940044175 cobalt sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+) sulfate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QEXMICRJPVUPSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium manganese(2+) oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Mn+2].[Li+] QEXMICRJPVUPSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium oxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CJYZTOPVWURGAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;manganese;manganese(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [Li+].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Mn].[Mn+3] CJYZTOPVWURGAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LBSANEJBGMCTBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganate Chemical compound [O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O LBSANEJBGMCTBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940099596 manganese sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011702 manganese sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000007079 manganese sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000363 nickel(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000790 scattering method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000005563 spheronization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G23/00—Compounds of titanium
- C01G23/003—Titanates
- C01G23/006—Alkaline earth titanates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G45/00—Compounds of manganese
- C01G45/12—Manganates manganites or permanganates
- C01G45/1221—Manganates or manganites with a manganese oxidation state of Mn(III), Mn(IV) or mixtures thereof
- C01G45/1228—Manganates or manganites with a manganese oxidation state of Mn(III), Mn(IV) or mixtures thereof of the type [MnO2]n-, e.g. LiMnO2, Li[MxMn1-x]O2
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G45/00—Compounds of manganese
- C01G45/12—Manganates manganites or permanganates
- C01G45/1221—Manganates or manganites with a manganese oxidation state of Mn(III), Mn(IV) or mixtures thereof
- C01G45/1242—Manganates or manganites with a manganese oxidation state of Mn(III), Mn(IV) or mixtures thereof of the type [Mn2O4]-, e.g. LiMn2O4, Li[MxMn2-x]O4
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G51/00—Compounds of cobalt
- C01G51/40—Cobaltates
- C01G51/42—Cobaltates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiCoO2
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G51/00—Compounds of cobalt
- C01G51/40—Cobaltates
- C01G51/42—Cobaltates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiCoO2
- C01G51/44—Cobaltates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiCoO2 containing manganese
- C01G51/50—Cobaltates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiCoO2 containing manganese of the type [MnO2]n-, e.g. Li(CoxMn1-x)O2, Li(MyCoxMn1-x-y)O2
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/40—Nickelates
- C01G53/42—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/40—Nickelates
- C01G53/42—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
- C01G53/44—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese
- C01G53/50—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese of the type [MnO2]n-, e.g. Li(NixMn1-x)O2, Li(MyNixMn1-x-y)O2
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/628—Coating the powders or the macroscopic reinforcing agents
- C04B35/62802—Powder coating materials
- C04B35/62805—Oxide ceramics
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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Description
また、本発明のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法によれば、本発明のコア−シェル型正極活物質を製造するとき、優れた再現性及び生産性を実現することができる。
<リチウム複合金属酸化物の製造>
硫酸ニッケル(NiSO4・6H2O)、硫酸マンガン(MnSO4・H2O)、硫酸コバルト(CoSO4・7H2O)をニッケル、コバルト、及びマンガンのモル比が0.5:0.2:0.3になるように精製されたイオン交換水に溶かして金属イオン含有水溶液を製造した。また、水酸化ナトリウム水溶液とアンモニア水溶液とを調整した。
上記のようにして得られた複合金属酸化物をコア部にし、平均粒径D50が220nmであるチタン酸バリウムと平均粒径D50が20nmである酸化チタンとをコーティング材料にしてコア−シェル型正極活物質を製造した。乾式コーティング設備(ホソカワミクロン株式会社製NOB−130)を用いて、シェル部に該当するチタン酸バリウムと酸化チタンの重量がコア部100重量部に対してそれぞれ1重量部と0.1重量部になるように、複合金属酸化物600gに対してそれぞれ6gと0.6gとを混合した。その後、回転数2700rpmで3分間処理した後、500℃で4時間熱処理し、コア−シェル型正極活物質を製造した。
チタン酸バリウムの含量をコア部100重量部に対して0.2重量部にしたこと以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で正極活物質を製造した。
シェル部を構成するチタン酸バリウムと酸化チタンの他に、平均粒径D50が150nmであるオリビン型リン酸鉄リチウム酸化物をコア部100重量部に対して1.5重量部になるように添加したこと以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で正極活物質を製造した。
シェル部を構成するチタン酸バリウム、酸化チタン、及びオリビン型リン酸鉄リチウム酸化物の他に、平均粒径D50が500nmであるSuper−Pをコア部100重量部に対して0.2重量部になるように添加したこと以外は、実施例3と同様の方法で正極活物質を製造した。
複合金属酸化物の組成をNi:Co:Mnの比率が0.40:0.30:0.30になるように製造してコア部として使った以外は、実施例4と同様の方法で正極活物質を製造した。
それぞれ実施例1及び実施例5で製造された複合金属酸化物コア部を正極活物質として使った。
実施例4と同じコア部を形成する正極活物質と、実施例4と同じシェル部を形成するチタン酸バリウム、金属酸化物、オリビン型リン酸鉄リチウム酸化物、及びSuper−Pと、を同一比率で単に混合して正極活物質を製造した。
1.粉体特性
実施例1〜実施例5によって製造された正極活物質の平均粒径及びタップ密度をコーティング前後で測定し、その結果を表1に示した。平均粒径の測定は粒度分布測定機(Malvern社製、Mastersizer2000E)を用いた。超音波を用いて分散させながらレーザ散乱法で平均粒径D50を求めた。タップ密度の測定は100mlのメスシリンダを使って500回のストロークを行い、その前後の体積の変化から測定した。
実施例及び比較例で得られたコア−シェル型正極活物質の形状及び表面特性を確認するため、SEM(HP社製、8564E)写真を撮り、比較例1、実施例1、比較例2、及び実施例5のSEM写真をそれぞれ図1の(a)、(b)、(c)、(d)に示した。また、実施例5で得られたコア−シェル型正極活物質粒子の断面形状と各構成元素のマップ形状を図2((a)はマッピングイメージ、(b)はTiマッピング、(c)はFeマッピング、(d)はPマッピング、(e)はCマッピング)に示した。
i)Half Cell評価
実施例1〜5で得られた正極活物質の初期比容量及び初期効率を評価するため、正極活物質と、導電材としてテフロン(登録商標)化されたアセチレンブラックと、結着剤であるPVDFを溶かしたNMP溶液とを混合してスラリーを製作した。正極活物質、導電材、及び結着剤の質量比は90:3:7とした。該スラリーを30μmのAl集電体上に塗布した後、乾燥して一定厚さに圧着してから直径13mmに打ち抜いて正極を製作した。
実施例及び比較例で得られた正極活物質の高率特性及び安全性を評価するため、製造した正極活物質を導電材であるカーボンと結着剤であるPVDFとを溶かしたNMP溶液と混合してスラリーを製造した。当該スラリーにおいて、正極活物質、導電材、及び結着剤の質量比を92:4:4とした。負極として黒鉛を使用し、分離膜を介して負極と正極を対向させた後、厚さ113μmのアルミニウム外装材を用いてアルゴン雰囲気のグローブボックス内で封じ込み、熱融着してパウチ型電池を製造した。電池規格は厚さ3.7mm×幅64mm×長さ95mmであって、設計容量は2000mAhにした。
また、本発明のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法によれば、本発明のコア−シェル型正極活物質を製造するとき、優れた再現性及び生産性を実現することができる。
Claims (12)
- リチウム金属酸化物の一次粒子が凝集して形成されたリチウム金属酸化物二次粒子コア部と、
前記リチウム金属酸化物二次粒子コア部にチタン酸バリウム及び金属酸化物をコーティングして形成した1層のシェル部と、からなり、
前記リチウム金属酸化物は、LiCoO 2 、Li(NiaCobAlc)O 2 (0<a<1、0<b<1、0<c<1、a+b+c=1)、Li(NixCoyMnz)O 2 (0<x<1、0<y<1、0<z<1、x+y+z=1)、及びLiMn 2 O 4 からなる群より選択されるいずれか1種または2種以上の混合物であり、
前記金属酸化物は、酸化アルミニウム、酸化チタン、酸化イットリウム、酸化マグネシウム、及び酸化亜鉛からなる群より選択されるいずれか1種または2種以上の混合物であり、
前記チタン酸バリウムは、前記リチウム金属酸化物二次粒子コア部100重量部に対して0.05〜1重量部含まれることを特徴とするリチウム二次電池用正極活物質。 - 前記リチウム金属酸化物二次粒子コア部の平均粒径は、7〜15μmであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記チタン酸バリウムの平均粒径は、1nm〜1μmであり、金属酸化物の平均粒径は1〜100nmであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記シェル部は、オリビン型リン酸鉄リチウム酸化物をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記シェル部は、導電材をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質。
- 金属水酸化物とリチウム塩を焼成してリチウム金属酸化物の一次粒子が凝集したリチウム金属酸化物二次粒子コア部を製造するステップ(S1)と、
チタン酸バリウム及び金属酸化物を前記リチウム金属酸化物二次粒子コア部に乾式コーティングして前記リチウム金属酸化物二次粒子コア部の外表面に1層のシェル部を形成するステップ(S2)と、
得られた結果物を熱処理するステップ(S3)と、を含み、
前記リチウム金属酸化物は、LiCoO 2 、Li(NiaCobAlc)O 2 (0<a<1、0<b<1、0<c<1、a+b+c=1)、Li(NixCoyMnz)O 2 (0<x<1、0<y<1、0<z<1、x+y+z=1)、及びLiMn 2 O 4 からなる群より選択されるいずれか1種または2種以上の混合物であり、
前記金属酸化物は、酸化アルミニウム、酸化チタン、酸化イットリウム、酸化マグネシウム、及び酸化亜鉛からなる群より選択されるいずれか1種または2種以上の混合物であり、
前記チタン酸バリウムは、前記リチウム金属酸化物二次粒子コア部100重量部に対して0.05〜1重量部含まれることを特徴とするリチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。 - 前記ステップ(S1)において、前記金属水酸化物は共沈法によって製造することを特徴とする請求項6に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記ステップ(S2)において、オリビン型リン酸リチウム酸化物をさらに加えて前記リチウム金属酸化物二次粒子コア部を乾式コーティングし、シェル部を形成することを特徴とする請求項6に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記ステップ(S2)において、導電材をさらに加えて前記リチウム金属酸化物二次粒子コア部を乾式コーティングし、シェル部を形成することを特徴とする請求項6に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記ステップ(S3)の熱処理は、300〜600℃で4〜12時間行うことを特徴とする請求項6に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。
- 正極集電体と、前記正極集電体の少なくとも一面に形成され、正極活物質及びバインダー樹脂を含む正極活物質層と、を備えたリチウム二次電池の正極において、
前記正極活物質が請求項1〜請求項5のいずれかに記載の正極活物質であることを特徴とするリチウム二次電池の正極。 - 正極、負極、及び前記正極と負極間に介在された隔離膜を含むリチウム二次電池において、
前記正極は、請求項11に記載の正極を用いることを特徴とするリチウム二次電池。
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2008
- 2008-11-10 KR KR1020080111004A patent/KR101050438B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2008-11-11 EP EP08878002.8A patent/EP2362972B1/en active Active
- 2008-11-11 CN CN200880013968.0A patent/CN101884126B/zh active Active
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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TW201019520A (en) | 2010-05-16 |
AU2008349764A1 (en) | 2010-05-27 |
KR20100052116A (ko) | 2010-05-19 |
EP2362972B1 (en) | 2014-03-19 |
RU2408112C1 (ru) | 2010-12-27 |
JP2011519142A (ja) | 2011-06-30 |
US20100310940A1 (en) | 2010-12-09 |
WO2010053222A1 (en) | 2010-05-14 |
KR101050438B1 (ko) | 2011-07-19 |
CA2674756A1 (en) | 2010-05-10 |
EP2362972A4 (en) | 2012-06-27 |
AU2008349764B2 (en) | 2011-06-16 |
BRPI0808316A2 (pt) | 2015-07-28 |
CN101884126A (zh) | 2010-11-10 |
EP2362972A1 (en) | 2011-09-07 |
CN101884126B (zh) | 2014-07-02 |
US8367247B2 (en) | 2013-02-05 |
AR074079A1 (es) | 2010-12-22 |
TWI398033B (zh) | 2013-06-01 |
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