JP5127107B2 - 分離膜の製造方法 - Google Patents
分離膜の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5127107B2 JP5127107B2 JP2002564028A JP2002564028A JP5127107B2 JP 5127107 B2 JP5127107 B2 JP 5127107B2 JP 2002564028 A JP2002564028 A JP 2002564028A JP 2002564028 A JP2002564028 A JP 2002564028A JP 5127107 B2 JP5127107 B2 JP 5127107B2
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- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims description 113
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- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NNLVGZFZQQXQNW-ADJNRHBOSA-N [(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-diacetyloxy-3-[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-triacetyloxy-6-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5,6-triacetyloxy-2-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl acetate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H]1OC(C)=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@@H](COC(C)=O)O1)OC(C)=O)COC(=O)C)[C@@H]1[C@@H](COC(C)=O)O[C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H]1OC(C)=O NNLVGZFZQQXQNW-ADJNRHBOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XECAHXYUAAWDEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC#N.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 XECAHXYUAAWDEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/30—Polyalkenyl halides
- B01D71/32—Polyalkenyl halides containing fluorine atoms
- B01D71/34—Polyvinylidene fluoride
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/14—Ultrafiltration; Microfiltration
- B01D61/18—Apparatus therefor
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- B01D63/082—Flat membrane modules comprising a stack of flat membranes
- B01D63/0822—Plate-and-frame devices
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D65/00—Accessories or auxiliary operations, in general, for separation processes or apparatus using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D65/08—Prevention of membrane fouling or of concentration polarisation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D67/00165—Composition of the coagulation baths
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
- Filtering Materials (AREA)
- Encapsulation Of And Coatings For Semiconductor Or Solid State Devices (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Description
B≧0.2×A
C/B≧0.1
を満足していることが好ましい。多孔質樹脂層の厚みBが0.2×Aよりも薄いと、分離機能層としての強度が不足する。また、C/Bが0.1よりも小さいと、多孔質樹脂層が多孔質基材から容易に剥離するようになる。一方、C/Bが極端に大きくなると透水性が低下することがあるので、通常は0.1≦C/B≦100の範囲になるようにする。好ましいのは、0.2≦C/B≦50の範囲である。
2dA≦dC
2dB≦dC
を満足していることが好ましい。上記範囲を満たさないと、透過抵抗が増加するため、透水量が低下する。
本発明の分離膜は、支持体と組み合わせることによって分離膜エレメントとすることができる。
樹脂としてポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)樹脂と、開孔剤として分子量が約20, 000のポリエチレングリコール(PEG)と、溶媒としてN,N−ジメチルアセトアミド(DMAc)と、非溶媒として純水をそれぞれ用い、これらを90℃の温度下に十分に攪拌し、次の組成を有する原液を得た。
PEG : 5.5重量%
DMAc:78.0重量%
純水 : 3.5重量%
次に、上記原液を25℃に冷却した後、密度が0.48g/cm3、厚み(A)が220μmのポリエステル繊維製不織布に塗布し、塗布後、直ちに25℃の純水中に5分間浸漬し、さらに80℃の熱水に3回浸漬してDMAcおよびPEGを洗い出し、図1、図2に示す分離膜を得た。この分離膜の多孔質樹脂層および複合層において、多孔質樹脂層表面における9.2μm×10.4μmの範囲内を、倍率10,000倍で走査型電子顕微鏡観察を行ったところ、観察できる細孔すべての直径の平均は0.067μm、その標準偏差は0.033μmであった。また、この分離膜の表面に垂直方向の断面を走査型電子顕微鏡で観察したところ、多孔質樹脂層および複合層には短径が約30μm(約0.14×A>0.05×A)のマクロボイドが分布していた。さらに、多孔質樹脂層の厚み(B)は約60μmであり、複合層の厚み(C)はほぼ多孔質基材の厚みに等しい約220μmであった。したがって、Bは約0.27×A≧0.2×A、C/Bは約3.7≧0.1ということになる。
以下に示す組成の原液を用いたほかは実施例1と同様にして、図3、図4に示す分離膜を得た。
PEG : 5.5重量%
DMAc:81.5重量%
この分離膜の多孔質樹脂層および複合層において、多孔質樹脂層表面における9.2μm×10.4μmの範囲内を、倍率10,000倍で走査型電子顕微鏡観察を行ったところ、観察できる細孔すべての直径の平均は0.15μm、その標準偏差は0.12μmであり、ところどころに幅1〜2μm程度の微細な亀裂が発生していた。また、この分離膜の表面に垂直方向の断面を走査型電子顕微鏡で観察したところ、多孔質樹脂層および複合層には短径が約30μm(約0.14×A>0.05×A)のマクロボイドが分布していた。さらに、多孔質樹脂層の厚み(B)は約40μmであり、複合層の厚み(C)はほぼ多孔質基材の厚みに等しい約220μmであった。したがって、Bは約0.18×A<0.2×A、C/Bは約5.5≧0.1ということになる。
多孔質基材として、密度が0.90g/cm3、厚み(A)が101μmのポリエステル繊維製不織布を用いたほかは実施例1と同様にして、図5、図6に示す分離膜を得た。
原液を塗布後、純水の代わりに25℃のDMAc60重量%水溶液に5分間浸漬するほかは実施例1と同様にして、分離膜を得た。この分離膜の多孔質樹脂層において、多孔質基材の中心から遠い方の表面における9.2μm×10.4μmの範囲内を、倍率10,000倍で走査型電子顕微鏡観察を行ったところ、観察できる細孔すべての直径の平均は0.4μm、その標準偏差は0.1μmであった。
実施例1と同じ原液を25℃に冷却した後、実施例1と同じポリエステル繊維製不織布の両面に塗布し、直ちに25℃の純水中に5分間浸漬し、さらに80℃の熱水に3回浸漬してDMAcおよびPEGを洗い出し、分離膜を得た。
実施例1と同じ原液を25℃に冷却した後、実施例1と同じポリエステル繊維製不織布の両面に塗布し、直ちに25℃のDMAc60重量%水溶液に5分間浸漬し、さらに80℃の熱水に3回浸漬してDMAcおよびPEGを洗い出し、分離膜を得た。
Claims (1)
- 密度が0.7g/cm3以下である多孔質基材の表面に、ポリフッ化ビニリデンを主成分とする樹脂と、開孔剤として重量平均分子量20,000以上のポリエチレングリコールを主成分とする重合体と、溶媒及び非溶媒とを含む原液の被膜を形成するとともにその原液を多孔質基材に含浸させ、しかる後、該多孔質基材を少なくとも80重量%非溶媒を含む凝固浴に浸漬して樹脂を凝固させるとともに多孔質基材の表面に多孔質樹脂層を形成することで、表面の平均孔径が0.04μm以上0.2μm以下であり、かつ孔径の標準偏差が0.033μm以下である多孔質樹脂層を得ることを含む分離膜の製造方法。
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PCT/JP2002/000921 WO2002064240A1 (fr) | 2001-02-16 | 2002-02-05 | Film de separation, element de film de separation, module de film de separation, dispositif de traitement d'eaux usees et residuaires, et procede de fabrication de film de separation |
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ATE316819T1 (de) | 2006-02-15 |
CA2432046C (en) | 2011-04-05 |
AU2002230143B2 (en) | 2006-06-15 |
WO2002064240A1 (fr) | 2002-08-22 |
US9649602B2 (en) | 2017-05-16 |
US20080067127A1 (en) | 2008-03-20 |
US20030150808A1 (en) | 2003-08-14 |
KR100874079B1 (ko) | 2008-12-12 |
CN1236842C (zh) | 2006-01-18 |
CN1457268A (zh) | 2003-11-19 |
EP1371409B1 (en) | 2006-02-01 |
DE60208994D1 (de) | 2006-04-13 |
TW514551B (en) | 2002-12-21 |
CA2432046A1 (en) | 2002-08-22 |
KR20030001426A (ko) | 2003-01-06 |
JPWO2002064240A1 (ja) | 2004-06-10 |
DE60208994T2 (de) | 2006-08-31 |
JP2010221218A (ja) | 2010-10-07 |
JP5310658B2 (ja) | 2013-10-09 |
KR20080091519A (ko) | 2008-10-13 |
EP1371409A1 (en) | 2003-12-17 |
EP1371409A4 (en) | 2004-05-12 |
KR100909528B1 (ko) | 2009-07-27 |
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