JP2020530019A - ヒストン脱アセチル化酵素の二環阻害剤 - Google Patents
ヒストン脱アセチル化酵素の二環阻害剤 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、その内容が参照により本明細書に組み込まれる、2017年8月7日出願の米国仮出願第62/541,807号の優先権を主張するものである。
本発明は、米国立衛生研究所(NIH)により授与される中小企業イノベーション研究(SBIR)助成金1R43AG048651−01A1の下で、政府の支援によってなされたものである。米国政府は、本発明において一定の権利を有する。
ヒストン脱アセチル化酵素(HDAC)の阻害剤は、転写を調節し、細胞増殖停止、分化及びアポトーシスを誘導することが示されている。HDAC阻害剤はまた、放射線及び化学療法薬を含む、癌の治療に用いられる治療薬の細胞毒性効果を高める。Marks,P.,Rifkind,R.A.,Richon,V.M.,Breslow,R.,Miller,T.,Kelly,W.K.ヒストン脱アセチル化酵素及び癌:原因及び治療法(Histone deacetylases and cancer:causes and therapies) Nat Rev Cancer,1,194−202,(2001);並びにMarks,P.A.,Richon,V.M.,Miller,T.,Kelly,W.K.ヒストン脱アセチル化阻害剤(Histone deacetylase inhibitors.Adv Cancer Res,91,137−168,(2004)。さらに、最近の証拠から、転写調節不全は、ハンチントン病、脊髄性筋萎縮症、筋萎縮性側索硬化症、及び虚血などの特定の神経変性障害の分子病因に寄与し得ることが示されている。Langley,B.,Gensert,J.M.,Beal,M.F.,Ratan,R.R.中枢神経系におけるクロマチンリモデリング及びストレス耐性:新規かつ広範に有効な神経保護剤としてのヒストン脱アセチル化酵素阻害剤(Remodeling chromatin and stress resistance in the central nervous system:histone deacetylase inhibitors as novel and broadly effective neuroprotective agents) Curr Drug Targets CNS Neurol Disord,4,41−50,(2005)。最近の概説では、異常なヒストンアセチルトランスフェラーゼ(HAT)及びヒストン脱アセチル化酵素(HDAC)活性が、神経変性に寄与する共通の基本的な機構を表し得るという証拠が要約されている。さらに、うつ病のマウスモデルを使用して、Nestlerは最近、うつ病におけるヒストン脱アセチル化阻害剤(HDAC5)の治療可能性を強調している。Tsankova,N.M.,Berton,O.,Renthal,W.,Kumar,A.,Neve,R.L.,Nestler,E.J.うつ病及び抗うつ作用のマウスモデルにおける海馬クロマチンの持続的調節(Sustained hippocampal chromatin regulation in a mouse model of depression and antidepressant action).Nat Neurosci,9,519−525,(2006)。
本明細書で使用する用語「対象」及び「患者」は互換的に使用することができ、治療を必要とする哺乳動物、例えば、コンパニオン動物(例えば、イヌ、及びネコなど)、家畜(例えば、ウシ、ブタ、ウマ、ヒツジ、及びヤギなど)並びに実験動物(例えば、ラット、マウス、及びモルモットなど)を意味する。典型的には、対象は、治療を必要とするヒトである。
いくつかの実施形態において、本明細書に記載の化合物及び組成物は、HDACの活性に関連する病態を治療するのに有用である。このような病態には、例えば、以下に記載されるものが含まれる。
一般情報
スポットを、UV光(254及び365nm)により可視化した。カラム及びフラッシュクロマトグラフィーによる精製を、シリカゲル(200〜300メッシュ)を用いて行った。溶媒系は溶媒の比として報告する。
0℃でDMF(5500mL)中の中間体100(350g、3.00モル)の溶液に、NaH(360g、9.00モル)を添加し、混合物をこの温度で30分間撹拌した。DMF(1500mL)中のプロパルギルブロミド(1.43kg、12.0モル)の溶液を添加し、反応混合物を室温に温め、4時間撹拌した。次いで、反応混合物を飽和塩化アンモニウム溶液でクエンチし、EtOAc(2000mLで3回)で抽出した。合わせた有機層を飽和水性NaCl(2000mLで2回)で洗浄し、Na2SO4上で乾燥させ、濾過し、真空で濃縮した。粗生成物を、シリカゲルを用いるカラムクロマトグラフィーにより精製し、黄色の油状物として中間体101(245g、42.5%)を得た。1H NMR(CDCl3、400MHz):δ(ppm)1.48(s、9H)、2.22(t、2H、J=4.8Hz)、4.17(s、4H)。
脱気した乾燥1,2−ジクロロエタン(2200mL)中の中間体101(270g、1.40モル)及びCp*RuCl(cod)(13.5g、35.6ミリモル)の溶液に、脱気した乾燥1,2−ジクロロエタン(500mL)中のクロロアセトニトリル(157g、2.10モル)の溶液をAr雰囲気下で、室温で15分かけて添加した。次いで、反応混合物を60℃に温め、0.5時間撹拌し、その後、溶媒を蒸発させ、粗残留物を、シリカゲルを用いるカラムクロマトグラフィーにより精製し、オフホワイト固体として中間体102(210g、56.0%)を得た。1H NMR(CDCl3、400MHz):δ(ppm)1.52(s、9H)、4.67〜4.73(m、6H)、7.40(d、1H、J=19.2Hz)、8.50(d、1H、J=15.6Hz)。MS 269.1[M+H]+。
MeOH(4000mL)中の中間体102(210g、784ミリモル)の溶液を、Pd/C(21.0g)で処理し、反応混合物をH2雰囲気下、室温で2時間撹拌した。次いで、反応混合物を濾過し、濾液を真空で濃縮し、オフホワイト固体として中間体103(120g、65.6%)を得た。1H NMR(CDCl3、400MHz):δ(ppm)1.53(s、9H)、2.98(s、3H)、4.86〜4.90(m、4H)、7.53〜7.60(m、1H)、8.62〜8.67(m、1H)。MS 235.1[M+H]+。
4NのHCl(600mL、EtOAc中のHCl)の溶液を、EtOAc(600mL)中の中間体103(120g、513ミリモル)の0℃溶液に滴加した。次いで、反応混合物を室温に温め、1時間撹拌した。溶媒を濾過により除去し、白色固体として中間体104を得た。1H NMR(DMSO_d6、400MHz):δ(ppm)2.75(s、3H)、4.73〜4.80(m、4H)、7.97(s、1H)、8.20(s、1H)。MS 135.1[M+H]+。
DMSO中の中間体104(513ミリモル)、中間体A3(151g、308ミリモル)及びNa2CO3(272g、2.57モル)の混合物を、室温で3時間撹拌した。反応がLCMSに従って完了に達した後に、反応混合物を冷水に注ぎ、EtOAcで抽出し、層を分離した。次いで、有機層を真空で濃縮し、残留物をEtOAcで粉砕し、次いで、濾過して、黄色固体として中間体105(80.0g、化合物5から38%)を得た。1H NMR(DMSO_d6、400MHz):δ(ppm)2.49(s、3H)、4.70〜4.96(m、4H)、7.29〜7.35(m、2H)、7.45〜7.49(m、1H)、7.50〜7.51(m、1H)、8.08〜8.14(m、1H)、8.46(d、2H、J=8.4Hz)、10.11(brs、1H)。MS 412.1[M+H]+。
MeOH(2500mL)中の中間体105(80.0g、195ミリモル)及びPd/C(8.00g)の混合物を、H2雰囲気下、室温で1時間撹拌した。1時間後、Pd/Cを、セライトを通す濾過により除去した。濾液を濃縮し、残留物をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィーにより精製し、灰色固体として化合物1(52.0g、70.3%)を得た。1H NMR(DMSO_d6、400MHz):δ(ppm)2.48(s、3H)、4.77(s、4H)、5.28(s、2H)、7.16〜7.18(m、2H)、7.28〜7.31(m、2H)、7.40〜7.42(m、1H)、7.92〜7.94(m、1H)、8.45(s、1H)、8.56(s、1H)。MS 382.1[M+H]+。
ジオキサン/H2O(6000mL/600mL)中の中間体A1(300g、1.73モル)、4−フルオロフェニルボロン酸(265g、1.91ミリモル)及びCs2CO3(1.13kg、3.46モル)の混合物を、N2雰囲気下でPd(PPh3)4(72.6g、86.3ミリモル)で処理した。混合物を95℃で2時間撹拌し、次いで、真空で濃縮した。残留物をEtOAc(4000mL)に取り、得られた溶液をブライン(1000mLで3回)で洗浄した。合わせた有機層を無水Na2SO4上で乾燥させ、濾過し、次いで、真空で濃縮した。粗残留物をシリカゲル上でのカラムクロマトグラフィーにより精製し、黄色固体として中間体A2(240g、粗)を得た。1H NMR(CDCl3、400MHz):δ(ppm)6.90〜6.96(m、1H)、6.99〜7.04(m、1H)、7.23〜7.26(m、1H)、8.02〜8.08(m、1H)、8.47(d、1H、J=8.4Hz)。MS 252.0[M+H]+。
カルボノクロリド酸フェニル(354g、2.27モル)を、室温でピリジン(4800mL)中の中間体A2(240g、粗)の撹拌溶液に滴加した。添加が完了した後、反応混合物を50℃に加熱し、一晩撹拌した。次いで、混合物を真空で濃縮し、粗残留物をMTBEでの再結晶により精製し、黄色の固体として中間体A3(240g、化合物A1から28.2%)を得た。1H NMR(CDCl3、400MHz):δ(ppm)6.97〜7.02(m、1H)、7.08〜7.39(m、11H)、8.13(d、1H、J=8.4Hz)、8.24〜8.30(m、1H)、8.67(d、1H、J=8.8Hz)。MS 492.1[M+H]+。
THF(250mL)中の2−クロロ−6,7−ジヒドロ−5H−ピロロ[3,4−b]ピリジン塩酸塩(11g、57.9ミリモル)、TEA(17.5g、173.7ミリモル)及び(Boc)2O(13.9g、63.7ミリモル)の混合物を、室温で3時間撹拌した。次いで、反応混合物をDCM(500mL)に注ぎ、ブライン(100mLで3回)で洗浄し、無水Na2SO4上で乾燥させ、次いで、真空で濃縮した。残留物をシリカゲル(DCM:EtOAc=100:1〜10:1)上でのカラムクロマトグラフィーにより精製し、白色固体として107(13.5g、92%)を得た。MS 255.2[M+H]+。
エタノール(20mL)中の107(13.5g、53.1ミリモル)、酢酸カリウム(10.4g、106.2ミリモル)、dppf(883mg、1.59ミリモル)及び酢酸パラジウム(677mg、2.66ミリモル)の混合物を、1.5MPaで、CO雰囲気下で、100℃で16時間撹拌した。次いで、反応混合物を室温に冷却し、セライトを通して濾過した。濾液を真空で濃縮し、残留物をDCM(500mL)に溶解し、ブライン(10mLで3回)で洗浄し、無水Na2SO4上で乾燥させ、次いで真空で濃縮した。残留物をシリカゲル(PE:EtOAc=8:1〜3:1)上でのカラムクロマトグラフィーにより精製し、白色固体として108(13.4g、86%)を得た。MS 292.1[M+H]+。
エタノール(260mL)中の108(13.4g、45.9ミリモル)及びNaBH4(10.4g、275.3ミリモル)の混合物を、室温で16時間撹拌した。反応混合物を真空で濃縮し、残留物をDCM(500mL)で溶解し、ブライン(100mLで3回)で洗浄し、無水Na2SO4上で乾燥させ、次いで、真空で濃縮した。残留物をシリカゲル(DCM:MeOH=100:1〜20:1)上でのカラムクロマトグラフィーにより精製し、白色固体として109(8.6g、75%)を得た。MS 251.4[M+H]+。
室温でDMF(200mL)中の109(8.6g、34.4ミリモル)の混合物に、NaH(鉱油中60%)(4.1g、103.2ミリモル)を添加した。得られた混合物を、室温で30分間撹拌し、MeI(14.6g、103.2ミリモル)を滴加した。得られた反応混合物を、室温で1時間撹拌し、次いで、溶液を水(300mL)で希釈し、EtOAc(200mLで3回)で抽出した。合わせた有機層をブライン(100mLで3回)で洗浄し、無水Na2SO4上で乾燥させ、次いで、真空で濃縮した。残留物をシリカゲル(PE:EtOAc=8:1〜3:1)上でのカラムクロマトグラフィーにより精製し、オフホワイト固体として110(8.0g、88%)を得た。MS 265.3[M+H]+。
氷浴中のDCM(70mL)中の110(7.6g、28.8ミリモル)の溶液に、TFA(38mL)を滴加した。得られた溶液を、室温で1時間撹拌し、溶媒を真空で除去し、粗生成物として111を得た。MS 165.2[M+H]+。
DMSO(200mL)中の111(28.8ミリモル、最後の工程からの粗生成物)、A3(11.8g、24ミリモル)及びNa2CO3(25.4g、240ミリモル)の混合物を、室温で16時間撹拌した。LCMSによって示されるように、反応が完了に達したら、溶液を水(300mL)で希釈し、次いで、EtOAc(200mLで3回)で抽出した。合わせた有機層をブライン(100mLで3回)で洗浄し、無水Na2SO4上で乾燥させ、次いで、真空で濃縮した。残留物をシリカゲル(PE:EtOAc=1:1〜EtOAc)上でのカラムクロマトグラフィーにより精製し、黄色固体として112(7.0g、66%)を得た。MS 442.2[M+H]+。
DCM/MeOH(140mL/140mL)中の112(7.0g、15.9ミリモル)及びPd/C(2.3g)の混合物を、H2雰囲気下、室温で2時間撹拌した。次いで、Pd/Cを、セライトを通す濾過により除去した。濾液を濃縮し、残留物を、MTBEで再結晶させ、淡黄色固体として化合物2(4.5g、69%)を得た。MS 412.1[M+H]+。
化合物3を1と同様の方法で合成し、オフホワイト固体として3(28mg、22%)を得た。MS 388[M+H]+。
氷浴で冷却したDCM(100mL)中のプロパ−2−イン−1−アミン(5.0g、90.9ミリモル)及びEt3N(18.4g、181.8ミリモル)の溶液に、(Boc)2O(23.8g、109.1ミリモル)を滴加した。(Boc)2Oの添加完了後、得られた混合物を室温に温め、室温で16時間撹拌した。反応が完了したら、混合物をDCM(200mL)で希釈し、次いで、ブライン(100mLで3回)で洗浄した。有機層をNa2SO4上で乾燥させ、次いで、真空で濃縮した。残留物をシリカゲル(PE:EtOAc=100:1〜10:1)上でのカラムクロマトグラフィーにより精製し、無色油として114(10g、71%)を得た。MS 178.3[M+23]+、100.3[M−56]+。
DMF(200mL)中の114(10g、64.5ミリモル)の溶液に、NaH(鉱油中60%)(2.84g、71ミリモル)をゆっくり添加し、反応混合物を氷浴で冷却した。得られた反応混合物を室温で1時間撹拌し、次いで、3−ブロモプロパ−1−エン(9.2g、77.4ミリモル)を上記混合物に添加し、室温で2時間撹拌した。次いで、反応物を水(500mL)でクエンチし、t−BuOMe(250mLで3回)で抽出した。合わせた有機層をブライン(200mLで3回)で洗浄し、無水Na2SO4上で乾燥させ、次いで、真空で濃縮した。残留物をシリカゲル(PE:EtOAc=100:1〜10:1)上でのカラムクロマトグラフィーにより精製し、黄色油状物として101(12g、96%)を得た。MS 138.1[M−56]+。
DCE(40mL)中の2−クロロアセトニトリル(3.13g、41.4ミリモル)及びCp*RuCl(cod)](394mg、1.0ミリモル)の溶液に、DCE(80mL)中の101(4.0g、20.7ミリモル)の溶液をN2雰囲気下で30分間かけて滴加した。得られた反応混合物を40℃で16時間撹拌した。次いで、溶媒を真空で除去し、粗残留物をシリカゲル(PE:EtOAc=10:1〜2:1)上でのカラムクロマトグラフィーにより精製し、黄褐色固体として102(2.1g、22%)を得た。MS 269.3[M+H]+。
DMF(30mL)中の102(1.50g、5.6ミリモル)、3−フルオロアゼチジン塩酸塩(932mg、8.4ミリモル)及びK2CO3(2.32g、16.8ミリモル)の混合物を、50℃で3時間撹拌した。次いで、混合物を水(60mL)で希釈し、EtOAc(30mLで4回)で抽出した。合わせた有機層を、ブライン(30mLで3回)で洗浄し、無水Na2SO4上で乾燥させ、次いで、真空で濃縮した。残留物をシリカゲル(DCM:MeOH=100:1〜30:1)上でのカラムクロマトグラフィーにより精製し、白色固体として115(1.4g、81%)を得た。MS 308.2[M+H]+。
DCM(4mL)中の115(200mg、0.65ミリモル)の溶液に、TFA(2mL)を添加し、得られた反応混合物を室温で1時間撹拌した。反応が終了したことをLCMSが示したときに、溶媒を真空で除去し、粗生成物として116を得、これを次の工程でさらに精製することなく使用した。MS 208.2[M+H]+。
DMSO(40mL)中のA3(265mg、0.54ミリモル)及び116(0.65ミリモル、最後の工程からの粗生成物)の混合物を、室温で10分間撹拌し、次いで、Na2CO3(458mg、4.32ミリモル)を添加した。得られた反応混合物を室温で2時間撹拌し、次いで、水(80mL)で希釈し、EtOAc(40mLで4回)で抽出した。合わせた有機層をブライン(40mLで3回)で洗浄し、無水Na2SO4上で乾燥させ、次いで、真空で濃縮した。残留物をシリカゲル(DCM:MeOH=100:1〜50:1)上でのカラムクロマトグラフィーにより精製し、黄色固体として117(200mg、76%)を得た。MS 485.2 [M+H]+。
MeOH(8mL)中の117(200mg、0.41ミリモル)及びPd/C(200mg)の混合物を、H2雰囲気下、室温で1時間撹拌した。Pd/Cを、セライトを通す濾過により除去し、濾液を濃縮して、粗製残留物を得、これを分取TLC(DCM:MeOH=10:1)により3回精製し、黄色固体として化合物4(26mg、14%)を得た。
ジオキサン/H2O(100mL/10mL)中の6−クロロ−3−ニトロピリジン−2−アミン(4.58g、26.4ミリモル)、2,4−ジフルオロフェニルボロン酸(5.00g、31.7ミリモル)及びCs2CO3(25.73g、79.2ミリモル)の混合物を、N2雰囲気下でPd(PPh3)4(1.10g、0.95ミリモル)で処理した。混合物を100℃で2時間撹拌し、次いで、真空で濃縮した。残留物をEtOAc(200mL)に溶解し、溶液をブライン(100mLで3回)で洗浄した。有機層を無水Na2SO4上で乾燥させ、次いで、真空で濃縮した。残留物をシリカゲル(PE:EtOAc=7:1〜5:1)上でのカラムクロマトグラフィーにより精製し、黄色固体としてA2(4.0g、61%)を得た。MS 252.1[M+H]+。
ピリジン(60mL)中のA2(4.0g、15.94ミリモル)の撹拌溶液を、カルボノクロリド酸フェニル(7.50g、47.81ミリモル)を0℃で滴下処理した。添加が完了した後、反応混合物を50℃で4時間撹拌した。次いで、混合物を真空で濃縮し、粗残留物をシリカゲル(PE:DCM=3:2〜1:1)上でのカラムクロマトグラフィーにより精製し、黄色固体としてA3(7.1g、91%)を得た。MS 492.1[M+H]+。
THF(150mL)中のtert−ブチル3−オキソピロリジン−1−カルボキシレート(15.0g、81.1ミリモル)及びDMF−DMA(29.0g、243.3ミリモル)の溶液を、70℃で16時間撹拌した。溶液を真空で濃縮し、粗生成物として118を得、これを次の工程に直接使用した。MS 241.1[M+H]+。
EtOH(100mL)中の118(81.1ミリモル、最後の工程からの粗生成物)の溶液に、Et3N(40.4g、0.4モル)及びアセトイミドアミド塩酸塩(30.1g、0.32モル)を添加した。得られた溶液を80℃で24時間撹拌した。溶媒を真空で除去した後、残留物を水(100mL)で希釈し、DCM(50mLで3回)で抽出した。合わせた有機層をブライン(50mLで3回)で洗浄し、無水Na2SO4上で乾燥させ、次いで、真空で濃縮した。残留物をシリカゲル(PE:DCM=10:1〜1:2)上でのカラムクロマトグラフィーにより精製し、褐色固体として119(10.5g、55%)を得た。MS 236.2[M+H]+。
ジオキサン/HCl(4N、10mL)中の119(600mg、2.55ミリモル)の溶液を、室温で1時間撹拌した。溶液を真空で濃縮し、白色固体として120(340mg、77%)を得、これをさらに精製せずに使用した。MS 136.2[M+H]+。
DMSO(5mL)中のA3(231mg、0.47ミリモル)及び120(160mg、0.94ミリモル)の混合物を、室温で10分間撹拌した。次いで、Na2CO3(399mg、3.76ミリモル)を上記混合物に添加し、得られた混合物を室温で2時間撹拌した。LCMSによって示されるように、反応が完了した後、反応混合物を水(30mL)で希釈し、EtOAc(10mLで3回)で抽出した。合わせた有機層をブライン(10mLで3回)で洗浄し、無水Na2SO4上で乾燥させ、次いで、真空で濃縮した。粗残留物をシリカゲル(DCM:MeOH=100:1〜50:1)上でのカラムクロマトグラフィーにより精製し、黄色固体として121(120mg、62%)を得た。MS 413.2[M+H]+。
MeOH(5mL)中の121(120mg、0.29ミリモル)及びPd/C(120mg)の混合物を、H2雰囲気下で、30分間室温で撹拌した。Pd/Cを、セライトを通す濾過により除去し、濾液を濃縮し、得られた粗残留物を分取TLC(DCM:MeOH=10:1)により精製し、白色固体として化合物5(52mg、47%)を得た。MS 383.2[M+H]+、405.0[M+Na]+。
THF(60mL)中の6−ブロモ−3−ニトロピリジン−2−アミン(5.0g、23.0ミリモル)及びEt3N(6.9g、69.0ミリモル)の撹拌溶液を、0℃でカルボノクロリド酸フェニル(10.8g、69.0ミリモル)で滴下処理した。添加が完了した後、混合物を室温で1時間撹拌した。次いで、反応混合物を濾過し、真空で濃縮した。得られた粗残留物を石油エーテルから再結晶させ、淡黄色固体としてA4(10.2g、97%)を得た。MS 458.0、460.0[M+H]+。
DMF(150mL)中のtert−ブチル4,6−ジヒドロピロロ[3,4−c]ピラゾール−5(2H)−カルボキシラート(15.0g、71.8ミリモル)の溶液に、NaH(鉱油中60%)(8.6g、215.4ミリモル)を添加し、反応混合物を氷浴で冷却した。添加が完了したら、得られた混合物を室温に温め、室温で30分間撹拌した。この時点で、1−ブロモ−2−メトキシエタン(19.8g、143.6ミリモル)を反応混合物に添加し、撹拌を室温で2時間続けた。次いで、反応混合物を水(300mL)でクエンチし、EtOAc(150mLで3回)で抽出した。合わせた有機層をブライン(100mLで3回)で洗浄し、無水Na2SO4上で乾燥させ、次いで、真空で濃縮した。残留物をシリカゲル(DCM:MeOH=100:1〜30:1)上でのカラムクロマトグラフィーにより精製し、無色油として122と122−A(19.0g、99%)の混合物を得た。MS 268.2[M+H]+。
氷浴で冷却したDCM(60mL)中の122及び122−A(6.5g、24.3ミリモル)の溶液に、TFA(30mL)を添加した。反応混合物を室温で1時間撹拌し、その後、溶媒を真空で除去し、粗生成物の混合物として123及び123−Aを得、これをさらに精製することなく次の工程で直接使用した。MS 168.1[M+H]+。
DMSO(200mL)中の123及び123−A(24.3ミリモル、最後の工程からの粗生成物)並びにA4(9.3g、20.3ミリモル)の溶液に、Na2CO3(21.5g、203ミリモル)を添加し、反応混合物を室温で4時間撹拌した。次いで、混合物を水(400mL)で希釈し、EtOAc(200mLで3回)で抽出した。合わせた有機層をブライン(100mLで3回)で洗浄し、無水Na2SO4上で乾燥させ、次いで、真空で濃縮した。残留物をシリカゲル(DCM:MeOH=100:1〜30:1)上でのカラムクロマトグラフィーにより精製し、黄色固体として124及び124−A(4.5g、50%)の混合物を得た。MS 411.0、413.1[M+H]+。
ジオキサン/H2O(10mL/2mL)中の124及び124−A(500mg、1.22ミリモル)、5−クロロチオフェン−2−イルボロン酸(237mg、1.46ミリモル)及びK2CO3(169mg、1.23ミリモル)の混合物を、N2雰囲気下でPd(PPh3)4(45mg、0.06ミリモル)で処理した。反応混合物を50℃で3時間撹拌し、次いで、真空で濃縮した。残留物をEtOAc(30mL)に取り、得られた溶液をブライン(10mLで3回)で洗浄した。次いで、有機層を無水Na2SO4上で乾燥させ、真空で濃縮した。粗残留物を分取用TLC(DCM:MeOH=20:1)により精製し、黄色固体として125と125−A(450mg、82%)の混合物を得た。MS 449.2[M+H]+。
DCM/MeOH(6mL/6mL)中の125及び125−A(450mg、1.0ミリモル)並びにラネーNi(100mg)の混合物を、H2雰囲気下で、室温で1時間撹拌した。ラネーNiを、セライトを通す濾過により除去し、濾液を真空で濃縮し、残留物を分取TLC(DCM:MeOH=10:1)により精製した。次いで、位置異性体の混合物を、キラルHPLC(カラム:キラルセルOD−3;溶媒:MeOH;流速:2mL/分;RTI843=3.477分、RT1843A=4.142分)により分離し、白色固体として化合物6(99mg、24%)(MS 419.2[M+H]+)、並びに白色固体として化合物6A(50mg、12%)を得た。MS 419.2[M+H]+。
THF(10mL)中のtert−ブチル3−オキソピロリジン−1−カルボキシレート(600mg、3.24ミリモル)及びDMF−DMA(1.2g、9.72ミリモル)の溶液を、70℃で16時間撹拌した。溶液を真空で濃縮し、粗生成物として118を得て、これを次の工程で直接使用した。MS 241.1[M+H]+。
EtOH(10mL)中の118(3.24ミリモル、最後の工程からの粗生成物)の溶液に、Et3N(1.6g、16.2モル)及びプロピオンイミドアミド塩酸塩(1.4g、13.0ミリモル)を添加した。得られた溶液を80℃で20時間撹拌し、その後、溶媒を真空で除去し、残留物を水(10mL)で希釈し、次いで、混合物をDCM(10mLで3回)で抽出した。合わせた有機層をブライン(10mLで3回)で洗浄し、無水Na2SO4上で乾燥させ、次いで、真空で濃縮した。残留物をシリカゲル(PE:DCM=10:1〜1:2)上でのカラムクロマトグラフィーにより精製し、褐色固体として126(450mg、56%)を得た。MS 250.2[M+H]+。
DCM(6mL)中の126(300mg、1.2ミリモル)の溶液を、TFA(3mL)で処理し、反応混合物を室温で1時間撹拌した。1時間後、LCMSによって示されるように、反応が完了し、反応混合物を真空で濃縮し、粗生成物として127を得、これをさらに精製することなく次の工程で直接使用した。MS 150.2[M+H]+。
DMSO(10mL)中のA3(294mg、0.6ミリモル)及び127(1.2ミリモル、最後の工程からの粗生成物)の混合物を、室温で10分間撹拌した。次いで、Na2CO3(636mg、6.0ミリモル)を添加し、得られた混合物を室温で2時間撹拌した。LCMSによって示されるように、反応が完了した後、反応混合物を水(30mL)で希釈し、EtOAc(10mLで3回)で抽出した。合わせた有機層をブライン(10mLで3回)で洗浄し、無水Na2SO4上で乾燥させ、次いで、真空で濃縮した。残留物をシリカゲル(DCM:MeOH=100:1〜50:1)上でのカラムクロマトグラフィーにより精製し、黄色固体として128(136mg、53%)を得た。MS 427.2[M+H]+。
MeOH(5mL)中の128(120mg、0.28ミリモル)及びラネーNi(120mg)の混合物を、H2雰囲気下で、室温で1時間撹拌した。次いで、ラネーNiを、セライトを通す濾過により除去し、濾液を濃縮し、粗残留物を分取TLC(DCM:MeOH=10:1)により精製して、黄色固体として化合物7(80mg、72%)を得た。MS 397.1[M+H]+。
ジオキサン/H2O(10mL/2mL)中の124及び124−A(350mg、0.85ミリモル)、2−フルオロフェニルボロン酸(143mg、1.02ミリモル)並びにK2CO3(352mg、2.55ミリモル)の混合物を、N2雰囲気下でPd(PPh3)4(49mg、0.04ミリモル)で処理した。反応混合物を90℃で3時間撹拌し、次いで、真空で濃縮した。粗残留物をEtOAc(30mL)に取り、得られた溶液をブライン(10mLで3回)で洗浄した。有機層を無水Na2SO4上で乾燥させ、次いで、真空で濃縮した。残留物を分取TLC(PE:EA=5:1)により精製し、黄色固体として129と129−Aの混合物(300mg、83%)を得た。MS 427.2[M+H]+。
DCM/MeOH(5mL/5mL)中の129及び129−A(300mg、0.70ミリモル)並びにPd/C(80mg)の混合物を、H2雰囲気下で、室温で1時間撹拌した。次いで、Pd/Cを、セライトを通す濾過により除去し、濾液を濃縮し、粗残留物を分取TLC(DCM:MeOH=10:1)により精製した。次いで、位置異性体の混合物を、キラルHPLC(カラム:キラルセルOJ−3;溶媒:MeOH;流速:2mL/分;RT1849=1.201分、RT1849A=2.244分)を用いて分離し、黄色固体として8(105mg、37%)(MS 397.2[M+H]+)を得、かつ黄色固体として8A(98mg、35%)を得た。MS 397.2[M+H]+。
ジオキサン/H2O(10mL/1mL)中の6−クロロ−3−ニトロピリジン−2−アミン(0.5g、2.9ミリモル)、2−フルオロフェニルボロン酸(487mg、3.48ミリモル)及びK2CO3(1.20g、8.7ミリモル)の混合物を、N2雰囲気下でPd(PPh3)4(17mg、0.01ミリモル)で処理した。反応混合物を90℃で2時間撹拌し、次いで、真空で濃縮した。粗残留物をEtOAc(200mL)に取り、得られた溶液をブライン(100mLで3回)で洗浄した。次いで、有機層を無水Na2SO4上で乾燥させ、真空で濃縮した。残留物をシリカゲル(PE:EtOAc=10:1〜3:1)上でのカラムクロマトグラフィーにより精製し、黄色固体として130(301mg、45%)を得た。MS 234.2[M+H]+。
ピリジン(10mL)中の130(301mg、1.3ミリモル)の撹拌溶液に、カルボノクロリド酸フェニル(608mg、3.9ミリモル)を滴加し、反応混合物を氷浴で冷却した。得られた反応混合物を、55℃で4時間撹拌し、反応混合物を真空で濃縮した。得られた粗残留物をシリカゲル(PE:EtOAc=8:1〜3:1)上でのカラムクロマトグラフィーにより精製し、黄色固体として131(500mg、82%)を得た。MS 474.2[M+H]+。
氷浴冷却したフラスコ中のMeOH(30mL)をNaH(鉱油中60%)(940mg、23.5ミリモル)で処理し、反応混合物を0℃で30分間撹拌した。次いで、化合物102(2.1g、7.8ミリモル)を添加し、反応混合物を35℃で16時間撹拌した。この時点で、反応混合物を水(30mL)でクエンチし、DCM(10mLで3回)で抽出し、合わせた有機層をブライン(10mLで3回)で洗浄し、無水Na2SO4上で乾燥させ、次いで、真空で濃縮した。得られた粗残留物をシリカゲル(PE:EtOAc=100:1〜10:1)上でのカラムクロマトグラフィーにより精製し、ベージュ色の固体として132(1.8g、94%)を得た。MS 265.1[M+H]+。
DCM(6mL)中の132(220mg、0.83ミリモル)の溶液にTFA(2mL)を滴加し、反応混合物を氷浴中で冷却した。反応物を室温で1時間撹拌し、その後、溶媒を真空で除去し、粗生成物として133を得、これを次の工程で直接使用した。MS 165.1[M+H]+。
DMSO(10mL)中の131(313mg、0.64ミリモル)及び133(0.83ミリモル、最後の工程からの粗生成物)の混合物を、Na2CO3(678mg、6.4ミリモル)で処理し、次いで、反応混合物を室温で2時間撹拌した。この時点で、反応混合物を水(20mL)で希釈し、EtOAc(20mLで3回)で抽出した。合わせた有機層をブライン(20mLで3回)で洗浄し、無水Na2SO4上で乾燥させ、次いで、真空で濃縮した。残留物をシリカゲル(EAからEA:MeOH=50:1)上でのカラムクロマトグラフィーにより精製し、黄色固体として134(200mg、74%)を得た。MS 424.0[M+H]+。
DCM/MeOH(4mL/4mL)中の134(200mg、0.47ミリモル)及びPd/C(200mg)の混合物を、H2雰囲気下で、室温で1時間撹拌した。次いで、Pd/Cを、セライトを通す濾過により除去し、濾液を濃縮し、得られた粗残留物を分取TLC(DCM:MeOH=10:1)により精製し、黄色固体として化合物9(105mg、57%)を得た。MS 394.2[M+H]+。
DMF(5mL)中のtert−ブチル4,6−ジヒドロピロロ[3,4−c]ピラゾール−5(2H)−カルボキシレート(250mg、1.2ミリモル)の溶液に、NaH(96mg、2.4ミリモル(鉱油中60%))を添加し、反応混合物を氷浴で冷却した。得られた混合物を室温で1時間撹拌し、その後、ヨードエタン(374mg、2.4ミリモル)を添加し、得られた反応混合物を室温で2時間撹拌した。次いで、反応混合物を水(10mL)で希釈し、EtOAc(10mLで3回)で抽出した。合わせた有機層をブライン(10mLで3回)で洗浄し、無水Na2SO4上で乾燥させ、次いで、真空で濃縮し、粗生成物として135及び135−Aを得た。MS 238.2 [M+H]+。
DCM(6mL)中の135及び135−A(1.2ミリモル、最後の工程からの粗生成物)の溶液に、TFA(2mL)を滴加し、反応混合物を氷浴で冷却した。反応混合物を、室温で1時間撹拌し、その後、溶媒を真空で除去し、粗生成物として136及び136−Aを得て、これをさらに精製することなく次の工程で使用した。MS 138.2[M+H]+。
DMSO(10mL)中の136と136−A(1.2ミリモル、最後の工程からの粗生成物)及びA3(491mg、1.0ミリモル)の混合物を、室温で10分間撹拌し、次いで、Na2CO3(848mg、8.0モル)を添加し、反応混合物を室温で2時間撹拌した。次いで、反応混合物を水(20mL)で希釈し、EtOAc(20mLで3回)で抽出した。合わせた有機層をブライン(20mLで3回)で洗浄し、無水Na2SO4上で乾燥させ、次いで、真空で濃縮した。粗残留物をシリカゲル(DCM:MeOH=100:1〜50:1)上でのカラムクロマトグラフィーにより精製し、位置異性体137と137−Aの混合物である粗生成物を得た。粗生成物をさらに分取TLC(DCM:MeOH=30:1)により精製し、黄色固体として137(150mg、36%)を得た。MS 415.1[M+H]+。
MeOH(5mL)中の137(150mg、0.36ミリモル)とPd/C(150mg)の混合物を、H2雰囲気下で、室温で1時間撹拌した。次いで、Pd/Cを、セライトを通す濾過により除去し、濾液を濃縮し、残留物を分取TLC(DCM:MeOH=15:1)により精製し、黄色固体として化合物10(85mg、61%)を得た。MS 385.1[M+H]+。
以下に、酵素HDAC2又はHDAC1によるペプチド基質の脱アセチル化を測定するためのアッセイプロトコルを記載する。酵素、基質、及び補因子を、マイクロタイタープレートのウェル中で組み合わせ、25℃で3時間インキュベートする。インキュベーションの終わりに、反応を、SDS含有緩衝液の添加によりクエンチする。基質及び生成物を分離し、Caliper Life Sciences社製のマイクロ流体ベースのLabChip 3000創薬システムを用いて電気泳動定量をする。このアッセイで使用するペプチド基質は、FAM−TSRHK(AC)KL−CONH2である(FAMはカルボキシフルオレセインである)。ペプチドは、キャピラリー電気泳動によって98%超の純度であるべきである。
2.5μlの2×基質緩衝液を添加する。
3.プレートを25℃で17時間インキュベートする。
4.40μLの1.55×停止緩衝液を添加することにより反応を終了する。
5.Caliper LabChip(登録商標)3000創薬システム上にジョブを作成する。
6.プレートをロードし、励起用の青色レーザー(480nm)及び検出(CCD2)用の緑色CCD(520nm)を用いて電気泳動を開始する。
反応時間=17時間;反応温度=25℃
100mMのHEPES、pH7.5、0.1%BSA、0.01%トリトンX−100、25mMのKCl
細胞培養及び阻害剤処理
SH−SY5Y細胞(Sigma)を、10%ウシ胎児血清及びペニシリン/ストレプトマイシンを補足したイーグル改変必須培地で培養した。化合物投与の24時間前に、1500細胞/ウェルの密度で、白色384ウェルプレートに20μlの細胞を播種した。化合物を純粋なDMSOで連続希釈し、次いで、FBSを含まない培地に1:100v/vで希釈し、混合した。播種した細胞から培地を除去し、無血清培地(1%v/vの最終DMSO)中の希釈化合物を添加し、37℃で5時間インキュベートした。次いで、0.1%トリトンX−100を有する10μLのHDAC−Clo 2試薬を添加し、プレートを混合し、室温で100分間発色させた。次いで、0.4秒の積分時間を用いて、Spectramax LMaxルミノメーターでプレートを読み取った。100μMでのCI−994を100%阻害として定義し、DMSOのみを0%阻害として定義して、用量応答曲線を、正規化したデータを用いて構築した。
ヒト赤血球(CFU−E、BFU−E)、顆粒球−単球(CFU−GM)及び多能(CFU−GEMM)系統のクローン原性前駆細胞を、rhIL−3(10ng/mL)、rhGM−SCF(10ng/mL)、rhSCF(50ng/mL)及びEpo(3U/mL)を含有する半固体メチルセルロースベースの培地製剤中で評価した。
正常骨髄(NorCal Biologics、California)由来で、ReaehBio公認の正常ヒト骨髄光密度細胞を、アッセイに必要になるまで液体窒素(−152℃)気相中で保存した。実験の日に、細胞を急速に解凍し、各バイアルの内容物を、10%ウシ胎児血清(IMDM+10%FBS)を含有するイスコフ改変ダルベッコ培地10mLに希釈し、遠心分離(約1200rpm、10分間、室温)によって洗浄した。上清を捨て、細胞ペレットを既知量のIMDM+10%FBSに再懸濁した。骨髄試料について、細胞数(3%氷酢酸)及び生存率の評価(トリパンブルー排除試験)を行った。
実験当日、化合物を10mMのストック濃度までDMSOに溶解した。2及び0.4mMの濃度に達するように、ストック濃度から連続希釈物を調製した。1:1000(v/v)でメチルセルロースベースの培地に添加すると、10、2及び0.4μΜの最終試験濃度に達した。また、5−FUを1.0、0.1及び0.01μg/mLで評価した。
ヒト赤血球(CFU−E及びBFU−E)並びに骨髄(CFU−GM)系統のクローン原性前駆細胞を、上記のメチルセルロースベースの培地製剤に置いた。全ての化合物を培地に添加し、所望の最終濃度(10、2及び0.4μΜ)を得た。5−フルオロウラシル(Sigma Aldrich)を、前駆細胞増殖の陽性対照(コロニー増殖の阻害)として使用し、1.0、0.1、及び0.01μg/mLでヒト骨髄培養物に導入した。溶媒対照培養物(化合物を含有しないが、0.1%DMSOを含有する)、並びに標準対照(化合物も、DMSOも含有しない)も実験に加えた。
3つの複製培養物の平均±1標準偏差を、各カテゴリーの前駆細胞(CFU−E、BFU−Eなど)について計算した。溶媒対照と処理培養物との間にコロニー数の差が生じたかどうかを評価するために、両側t検定を行った。コロニー列挙の主観の可能性により、0.01未満のp値を重要と考える。各化合物のコロニー増殖の50%阻害(IC50)の濃度を計算するために、XL fitソフトウェア(IDBS)を用いて対照コロニー増殖の割合に対する化合物濃度の対数をプロットして、用量応答曲線を作成した。用量応答、ワンサイトモデル式:y=A+[(B−A)/(1+((C/x)ΛD))](式中、A=初期値(ベースライン応答)、B=最大応答、C=中央(AとBの間で中間応答を引き起こす薬物濃度)及びD=中間点での曲線の傾き)を用いて、コロニー増殖の50%阻害濃度(IC50)をシグモイド曲線フィットに基づいて計算した。さらに、プロット及び追加の用量応答曲線を、GraphPadプリズム7.0を使用して作成した。
溶媒対照の存在下でのコロニー、及び試験化合物の存在下でのコロニーを示す、様々な系統からの代表的な造血前駆細胞由来のコロニーの写真を撮った。
Claims (6)
- 請求項1に記載の化合物、又はその医薬として許容される塩、及び医薬として許容される担体を含む、組成物。
- 対象におけるHDAC活性を阻害する方法であって、有効量の請求項1に記載の化合物、又はその医薬として許容される塩、又は請求項2に記載の組成物を、それを必要とする前記対象に投与する工程を含む、方法。
- 神経障害、記憶若しくは認知機能の障害又は欠陥、消去学習障害(extinction learning disorder)、真菌疾患又は感染症、炎症性疾患、血液疾患、精神障害、及び腫瘍性疾患から選択される対象における病態を治療する方法であって、有効量の請求項1に記載の化合物、又はその医薬として許容される塩、又は請求項2に記載の組成物を、それを必要とする前記対象に投与することを含む、方法。
- 前記病態が、アルツハイマー病、ハンチントン病、発作誘発性記憶喪失、統合失調症、ルービンスタイン・テイビ症候群、レット症候群、脆弱X、レビー小体型認知症、血管性認知症、前頭側頭型認知症、ADHD、失読症、自閉症に伴う双極性障害並びに社会障害、認知障害及び学習障害、外傷性頭部外傷、注意欠陥障害、不安障害、条件付き恐怖反応、パニック障害、強迫性障害、心的外傷後ストレス障害(PTSD)、恐怖症、社会不安障害、物質依存性回復、年齢関連記憶欠陥(AAMI)、年齢関連認知機能低下(ARCD)、運動失調、若しくはパーキンソン病;又は
b.急性骨髄性白血病、急性前骨髄球性白血病、急性リンパ芽球性白血病、慢性骨髄性白血病、骨髄異形成症候群、及び鎌状赤血球貧血から選択される血液疾患;又は
c.腫瘍性疾患;又は
d.恐怖消去及び心的外傷後ストレス障害から選択される消去学習障害、
である、請求項4に記載の方法。 - 前記病態が、アルツハイマー病、ハンチントン病、前頭側頭型認知症、フリードリヒ失調症、心的外傷後ストレス障害(PTSD)、パーキンソン病、又は物質依存回復である、請求項5に記載の方法。
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AU2018313094A1 (en) | 2020-02-20 |
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HRP20220648T1 (hr) | 2022-09-02 |
JP7152471B2 (ja) | 2022-10-12 |
MD3664802T2 (ro) | 2022-07-31 |
IL272479B1 (en) | 2023-04-01 |
PT3664802T (pt) | 2022-05-24 |
KR20200037286A (ko) | 2020-04-08 |
EA202090424A1 (ru) | 2020-05-26 |
US11912702B2 (en) | 2024-02-27 |
PL3664802T3 (pl) | 2022-07-11 |
US20210147410A1 (en) | 2021-05-20 |
EA039417B1 (ru) | 2022-01-25 |
WO2019032528A1 (en) | 2019-02-14 |
LT3664802T (lt) | 2022-06-27 |
EP3664802A1 (en) | 2020-06-17 |
SG11202000970WA (en) | 2020-02-27 |
MA49839A (fr) | 2020-06-17 |
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US20220340558A1 (en) | 2022-10-27 |
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