JP2016213198A - 磁場フラッターを使用する粒子ビームの集束 - Google Patents
磁場フラッターを使用する粒子ビームの集束 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H7/00—Details of devices of the types covered by groups H05H9/00, H05H11/00, H05H13/00
- H05H7/10—Arrangements for ejecting particles from orbits
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
- A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
- A61N5/1077—Beam delivery systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
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- H05H13/00—Magnetic resonance accelerators; Cyclotrons
- H05H13/02—Synchrocyclotrons, i.e. frequency modulated cyclotrons
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- H05H7/00—Details of devices of the types covered by groups H05H9/00, H05H11/00, H05H13/00
- H05H7/04—Magnet systems, e.g. undulators, wigglers; Energisation thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
- A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
- A61N2005/1092—Details
- A61N2005/1095—Elements inserted into the radiation path within the system, e.g. filters or wedges
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H7/00—Details of devices of the types covered by groups H05H9/00, H05H11/00, H05H13/00
- H05H7/04—Magnet systems, e.g. undulators, wigglers; Energisation thereof
- H05H2007/046—Magnet systems, e.g. undulators, wigglers; Energisation thereof for beam deflection
Abstract
【解決手段】シンクロサイクロトロン粒子加速器は、空洞内で高周波(RF)電圧を掃引して粒子をプラズマ柱である粒子源701から加速するための電圧源と、該粒子を空洞内で軌道上を移動させる磁石と、再生器702と、再生器702から空間を隔てて該空洞内で配置され、該磁石で形成される磁場バンプを解消する強磁性装置802及び803で構成される。
【選択図】図15
Description
本明細書では、2012年9月28日に出願した米国仮出願第61/707,572号明細書の優先権が主張される。米国仮出願第61/707,572号明細書の内容は、参照により本開示に組み込まれる。
本明細書では、陽子又はイオン治療システムなどの、例示的なシステムにおいて使用するための粒子加速器の一例について説明する。システムは、ガントリー上に取り付けられた粒子加速器−−この例では、シンクロサイクロトロン−−を含む。ガントリーは、以下に詳述するように、加速器を患者の位置の周りに回転させることを可能にする。幾つかの実施例では、ガントリーは鋼製であり、患者の両側に配設された2つの軸受それぞれに回転するように取り付けられた2つの脚部を有する。粒子加速器は、患者が横たわる治療領域を跨設するに十分に長い鉄骨トラスによって支持されており、鉄骨トラスは、その両端においてガントリーの回転式脚部に安定して取り付けられている。患者の周りをガントリーが回転する結果、粒子加速器も回転する。
図1に表すように、荷電粒子線治療システム500は、ビーム発生粒子加速器502を備えており、ビーム発生粒子加速器502の重量及び大きさは、ビーム発生粒子加速器502の出力が加速器ハウジングから患者50に向かう直線方向に(すなわち、実質的に直接)方向づけられている状態において、向けられた出力を有する回転式ガントリー504に取り付け可能とされる大きさである。
n = −(r/B)dB/dr
で表され、この「弱い」集束を維持するように正に保たれなければならない。ここで、rはビームの半径であり、Bは磁場である。それに加えて、磁場指数は、0.2未満に維持される必要があるが、それは、この値では、ビームの径方向振動及び鉛直方向振動の周期がvr=2vzの共振で一致するからである。ベータトロン周波数は、vr=(1−n)1/2及びvz=n1/2によって定義される。強磁性磁極面は、磁場指数nが所定の磁場内で250MeVのビームと一致する最小の直径において正に維持され、0.2未満となるようにコイルによって生成される磁場を成形するように設計される。
図15は、粒子が軌道上で(例えば、外向きの螺旋状軌道内で)加速される空洞700の一部の上面図を示している。例が上で説明されている粒子源701は、空洞のほぼ中心に配設されている。荷電粒子(例えば、陽子又はイオン)は、粒子源701によって生成されるプラズマ柱から引き出される。荷電粒子は磁気再生器702の方へ軌道内で外向きに加速して、最終的に磁場再生器702に到達する。この例示的な実施例では、再生器702は、例えば、鋼鉄、鉄、又は他の種類の強磁性体材料から作られる単一の強磁性装置である。再生器702は、それぞれの磁気ヨークの各半分に接続されている部分を含み得る。再生器702は、外向きの軌道上の加速を引き起こす背景磁場を変化させる。この例では、再生器702は、その磁場を増大させる、例えば、磁場をその位置で強めることによって磁場にバンプをもたらす。背景磁場内のバンプは、軌道を引き出しチャネル703の方へ外向きに移動させる形で粒子軌道に影響を及ぼす。最終的に、軌道は、引き出しチャネル703に入り、そこから出る。
本明細書で説明されている例示的な粒子治療システムにおいて使用される粒子加速器は、可変エネルギー粒子加速器であるものとしてよい。
12 磁石システム
38 ビーム引き出しシステム
40 環状超電導コイル
40a、40b コイルセット
42 環状超電導コイル
42a、42b コイルセット
44 磁極面
46 磁極面
47 共通軸
48 Nb3Sn系超電導線
52 絶縁体
53 ワイヤ
55 ヒーターブランケット
56 環状ステンレスリバースボビン、矩形リバースボビン
60 復元力
70 低温保持槽
71 支持点
72 ギフォードマクマホン冷凍機
73 支持点
74 ギフォードマクマホン冷凍機
76 低温端部
77 ギフォードマクマホン冷凍機
78 ヘッド
79 ギフォードマクマホン冷凍機
80 圧縮機
81 半分
82 磁石ヨーク、鉄ヨーク、磁気構造体
83 半分
84 帰還磁束
86 容積部
90 粒子源
91 高周波駆動システム
92 幾何学的中心
94 電気ケーブル
95 電流源
99 水素の供給部
100 ディープレート
101 ガス管路、ガス管
102 ダミーディープレート
103、105 半円形表面
107 空間
108 水冷管路
109 ダクト
111 真空ポンプ
113 熱交換器
114 磁気シールド
116 空間
117 強磁性体材料(例えば、鋼又は鉄)の層
119 真空槽
122 釣合いおもり
124 釣合いおもり
125 ビーム形成システム
146 迷路
148 壁、側壁
150 壁、側壁
152 壁
154 壁、側壁
156 壁、側壁
160 治療室
162 基部
164 床面積
170 患者支持体
190 陰極
192 陰極
194 管
200 磁場
402 高温−低温支持ストラップ
404 高温−低温支持ストラップ
406 高温−低温支持ストラップ
408 S2ガラス繊維リンク
500 荷電粒子線治療システム
502 シンクロサイクロトロン
504 回転式ガントリー
508 脚部
510 脚部
512 軸受
514 軸受
516 鉄骨トラス、トラス構造体
518 治療領域
520 範囲
522 床
524 ボールト
532 水平回転軸線
534 範囲
540 アイソセンター
580 スパン
582 スパン
601 内側ガントリー
602 システム
604 シンクロサイクロトロン
605 回転式ガントリー
606 患者支持体
700 空洞
701 粒子源
702 磁場再生器
703 引き出しチャネル
705 磁場バンプ
706 ボビン
706 断面
709、710 超電導コイル
711 磁気構造体
715 構造体
750 磁力線
753 磁気的局所的欠損(magnetic localized deficiency)
780 角度
781 ピッチ
800 磁力線
802、803 フラッターブリック
810 フラッターブリック
811 空間
812 空洞
815、816、817 径方向配置
819 ヨーク
822 構造体
824 高い磁場を有する領域
825 低い磁場を有する領域
830 構造体
831 高い磁場を有する領域
832 低い磁場を有する領域
835 強磁性体材料を収容しない谷
836 第1の丘
837 第2の丘
910 治療システム
912 加速器
914 ビーム
916 走査ユニット
916 散乱ユニット
918 監視ユニット
920 エネルギーデグレーダ
922 身体
922’ 身体部分
924 ターゲット容積部
926a〜926i 層
928 照射方向
930 ターゲット容積部
932 制御装置
1012 磁石システム
1035、1037 曲線
1300 内部導体
1302 外部導体
1304 電力結合デバイス
1306、1308 可変リアクタンス素子
1310 ブレード
1312 プレート
1314 方向
1316 表面
Claims (25)
- 空洞内で高周波(RF)電圧を掃引して粒子をプラズマ柱から加速するための電圧源であって、前記空洞が、前記プラズマ柱から加速された粒子を、前記空洞内で軌道上を移動させる磁場を有し、前記磁場が前記空洞の縁で弓なりに曲がる磁束を有する、電圧源と、
前記空洞内に磁場バンプをもたらし、それにより前記プラズマ柱から加速される前記粒子の連続的軌道を変化させ、最終的に、粒子が引き出し点に出力されるようにする、再生器であって、前記プラズマ柱に対して前記空洞内におけるある半径に配置される、再生器と、
前記空洞内の前記半径の近くに位置する強磁性装置であって、それぞれの強磁性装置が磁場バンプをもたらし、前記再生器に隣接する強磁性装置が前記再生器から空間で隔てられる、強磁性装置とを備える、粒子加速器。 - 前記空間、前記再生器、及び前記強磁性装置の組み合わせが、粒子軌道に対してある角度を成す成分を有する磁場変動を発生し、前記磁場バンプによって引き起こされる垂直集束の低減の少なくとも一部を相殺する、請求項1に記載の粒子加速器。
- 前記磁場が少なくとも4テスラであり、前記再生器によって生成される前記磁場バンプが最大で2テスラである、請求項1に記載の粒子加速器。
- 前記強磁性装置が、前記再生器のそれぞれの側に1つずつ、2つだけある、請求項1に記載の粒子加速器。
- 前記プラズマ柱に対して同じ半径内に2つより多い強磁性装置がある、請求項1に記載の粒子加速器。
- 前記プラズマ柱に対して複数の半径のうちのそれぞれの半径内に複数の強磁性装置がある、請求項1に記載の粒子加速器。
- 前記粒子加速器がシンクロサイクロトロンである、請求項1に記載の粒子加速器。
- 請求項1に記載の前記粒子加速器と、
前記粒子加速器が取り付けられ、患者の位置に対して回転可能であるガントリーとを備え、
陽子が、前記粒子加速器から前記患者の位置に実質的に直接出力される、陽子治療システム。 - 前記粒子加速器がシンクロサイクロトロンを含む、請求項8に記載の陽子治療システム。
- 前記磁場が4テスラ以上であり、前記シンクロサイクロトロンが可変エネルギー粒子加速器である、請求項9に記載の陽子治療システム。
- 粒子が加速される空洞を画成する磁気構造体をさらに備え、前記粒子が、ある範囲のエネルギーのうちから選択されたエネルギーを有する粒子ビームとして出力される、請求項1に記載の粒子加速器。
- 前記強磁性装置が、0.25%から20%の間の方位角平均正規化磁場変化率を含む、磁場フラッターを生成する、請求項1に記載の粒子加速器。
- 空洞内で高周波(RF)電圧を掃引して粒子をプラズマ柱から加速するための電圧源であって、前記空洞が、前記プラズマ柱から加速された粒子を前記空洞内で軌道上を移動させる磁場を有し、前記磁場が前記空洞全体にわたって実質的に直線的である磁束を有する、電圧源を備え、
前記空洞が第1の磁場と第2の磁場との交互領域を含み、前記第1の磁場が前記第2の磁場と異なり、前記空洞内の粒子軌道に実質的に垂直な角度の成分を有する磁気変動を生じる、粒子加速器。 - 前記交互領域が異なるレベルの強磁性体材料を有する、請求項13に記載の粒子加速器。
- 前記交互領域が、強磁性体材料の領域と強磁性体材料のない領域とを含む、請求項13に記載の粒子加速器。
- 前記交互領域がパイ形状であり、それぞれ前記プラズマ柱に1つの点を、前記空洞の縁に縁を備える、請求項13に記載の粒子加速器。
- 前記交互領域が風車形の形状を有し、それぞれ前記プラズマ柱に1つの点を、前記空洞の縁に縁を備える、請求項13に記載の粒子加速器。
- 前記空洞が磁気構造体によって画成され、
前記交互領域が垂直方向に整列された交互領域を含み、その一方が第1の磁気構造体に接続され、他方が第2の磁気構造体に接続される、請求項13に記載の粒子加速器。 - 前記磁気変動が、粒子を前記空洞内の軌道において垂直方向に集束させる、請求項13に記載の粒子加速器。
- 前記粒子加速器がシンクロサイクロトロンである、請求項13に記載の粒子加速器。
- 請求項13に記載の前記粒子加速器と、
前記粒子加速器が取り付けられ、患者の位置に対して回転可能であるガントリーとを備え、
陽子が、前記粒子加速器から前記患者の位置に実質的に直接出力される、陽子治療システム。 - 前記粒子加速器がシンクロサイクロトロンを含む、請求項21に記載の陽子治療システム。
- 前記磁場が4テスラ以上であり、前記シンクロサイクロトロンが可変エネルギー粒子加速器である、請求項22に記載の陽子治療システム。
- 粒子が加速される空洞を画成する磁気構造体をさらに備え、前記粒子が、ある範囲のエネルギーのうちから選択されたエネルギーを有する粒子ビームとして出力される、請求項14に記載の粒子加速器。
- 第1の磁場及び第2の磁場の前記交互領域が、0.25%から20%の間の方位角平均正規化磁場変化率を含む、磁場フラッターを含む、請求項13に記載の粒子加速器。
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TW201424466A (zh) * | 2012-09-28 | 2014-06-16 | Mevion Medical Systems Inc | 磁場再生器 |
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JP6254600B2 (ja) | 2017-12-27 |
JP2015532510A (ja) | 2015-11-09 |
WO2014052722A3 (en) | 2014-05-30 |
US9155186B2 (en) | 2015-10-06 |
CN104813747B (zh) | 2018-02-02 |
US20140094637A1 (en) | 2014-04-03 |
WO2014052722A2 (en) | 2014-04-03 |
EP2901820B1 (en) | 2021-02-17 |
TWI604868B (zh) | 2017-11-11 |
TW201429514A (zh) | 2014-08-01 |
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JP6342455B2 (ja) | 2018-06-13 |
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