JP2014500720A - 抗CD40抗体のサイレントFc変異体 - Google Patents
抗CD40抗体のサイレントFc変異体 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2014500720A JP2014500720A JP2013538229A JP2013538229A JP2014500720A JP 2014500720 A JP2014500720 A JP 2014500720A JP 2013538229 A JP2013538229 A JP 2013538229A JP 2013538229 A JP2013538229 A JP 2013538229A JP 2014500720 A JP2014500720 A JP 2014500720A
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Abstract
Description
a)10nM以下のKDでCD40ポリペプチドに結合し、
b)サイレントIgG Fc領域を含む
ことを特徴とする抗体またはタンパク質を提供する。
配列番号11の重鎖アミノ酸配列および配列番号12の軽鎖アミノ酸配列を含むmAb1、
配列番号13の重鎖アミノ酸配列および配列番号14の軽鎖アミノ酸配列を含むmAb2、または
配列番号15の重鎖アミノ酸配列および配列番号16の軽鎖アミノ酸配列を含むmAb3である。
本発明の抗体には、以下の表1に記載したような完全長重鎖および軽鎖アミノ酸配列を構造的特徴とする単離されたヒト化組換え抗体mAb1〜mAb3が含まれる。
本発明の組換え抗体、mAb1〜mAb3に加えて、本発明はまた、mAb1〜mAb3抗体の所望する機能的特性を保持している同種抗体またはタンパク質を包含する。
a)10nM以下のKDでCD40ポリペプチドに結合し、
b)サイレントIgG Fc領域を含む
ことを特徴とし、前記同種抗体またはタンパク質は元のmAb1〜mAb3抗体の所望する機能的特性を保持している抗体またはタンパク質である。
(i)CD40に特異的に結合し、例えば、Biacoreアッセイで測定したとき、KDが100nM以下、10nM以下または1nM以下であること、
(ii)CD40アンタゴニストであること、例えば、CD40L媒介PBMC増殖アッセイで測定したとき、CD40L誘導性シグナル伝達を阻害すること、
(iii)CD40L媒介PBMC増殖アッセイで測定したとき、アゴニスト活性を示さないか、または低いこと、
(iv)カニクイザルCD40ポリペプチドと交差反応すること、
(v)ADCC活性がないか、または低いこと、および
(vi)薬物開発に適切な特性を有すること
の1つまたは複数から選択することができる。
a)1nM以下のKDでCD40に結合し、
b)実施例で記載したCD40L媒介PBMC増殖アッセイで測定したとき、50ng/ml以下のIC50でCD40L誘導性シグナル伝達を阻害し、
c)実施例で記載したようなCD40L媒介PBMC増殖アッセイなどのバイオアッセイで測定したとき、アゴニスト活性がないか、または低く、
d)ADCC活性がないか、または低い。
a)1nM以下のKDでCD40に結合し、
b)実施例で記載したCD40L媒介PBMC増殖アッセイで測定したとき、50ng/ml以下のIC50でCD40L誘導性シグナル伝達を阻害し、
c)実施例で記載したCD40L媒介PBMC増殖アッセイなどのバイオアッセイで測定したとき、アゴニスト活性がないか、または低く、
d)ADCC活性がないか、または低い。
a)1nM以下のKDでCD40に結合し、
b)実施例で記載したCD40L媒介PBMC増殖アッセイで測定したとき、50ng/ml以下のIC50でCD40L誘導性シグナル伝達を阻害し、
c)実施例で記載したCD40L媒介PBMC増殖アッセイなどのバイオアッセイで測定したとき、アゴニスト活性がないか、または低く、
d)ADCC活性がないか、または低い。
本発明の別の態様は、前述したような本発明の抗体またはタンパク質をコードする核酸分子に関連する。
本発明の抗体またはタンパク質は、例えば、当技術分野で周知の組換えDNA技術および遺伝子導入法の組み合わせを使用して、宿主細胞トランスフェクトーマ中で産生することができる(例えば、Morrison, S. (1985) Science 229:1202)。
(a)mAb1の完全長重鎖および軽鎖をそれぞれコードする配列番号22および配列番号23、
(b)mAb2の完全長重鎖および軽鎖をそれぞれコードする配列番号24および配列番号25、または
(c)mAb3の完全長重鎖および軽鎖をそれぞれコードする配列番号26および配列番号27。
(a)配列番号22および配列番号23、
(b)配列番号24および配列番号25、ならびに
(c)配列番号26および配列番号27。
別の態様では、本発明は、本発明の抗CD40抗体またはタンパク質を含む二重特異的または多重特異的分子を特色とする。本発明の抗体またはタンパク質は、少なくとも2つの異なる結合部位または標的分子に結合する二重特異的分子を作製するために、別の機能的分子、例えば、別のペプチドまたはタンパク質(例えば、別の抗体または受容体のリガンド)に誘導体化または結合することができる。本発明の抗体は、2個を上回る異なる結合部位および/または標的分子に結合する多重特異的分子を作製するために、複数のその他の機能的分子に実際に誘導体化または結合することができ、このような多重特異的分子はまた、本明細書で使用したような「二重特異的分子」という用語によって包含されるものとする。本発明の二重特異的分子を生成するために、本発明の抗体またはタンパク質は、別の抗体、抗体断片、ペプチドまたは結合様物質などの1個または複数のその他の結合分子に機能的に結合することができ(例えば、化学結合、遺伝子的融合、非共有的会合またはその他によって)、したがって二重特異的分子が生じる。
別の態様では、本発明は、例えば、mAb1〜mAb3のいずれか1つの抗原結合部分から選択された、CD40に結合する本発明の抗体の少なくとも2個の同一または異なる抗原結合部分を含む多価抗体を提供する。一実施形態では、多価抗体は、抗体の少なくとも2個、3個または4個の抗原結合部分を提供する。抗原結合部分は、タンパク質融合または共有的または非共有的連結を介して一緒に連結することができる。あるいは、連結方法は、二重特異的分子のために記載されている。例えば、本発明の抗体の定常領域、例えば、Fcまたはヒンジ領域に結合する抗体と本発明の抗体の架橋結合抗体によって、四価化合物を得ることができる。
本発明の方法は、自己免疫疾患および/または炎症性疾患あるいは自己免疫疾患および/または炎症性疾患を発症しやすい素因を有する対象(すなわち、患者)を処置するための本発明の抗CD40抗体またはタンパク質の使用を対象としており、この疾患および/または炎症性疾患はCD40抗原を発現する細胞上のCD40L媒介CD40シグナル伝達によって媒介される。
本発明の抗CD40抗体またはタンパク質は、自己免疫疾患および/または炎症性疾患を予防または処置するため、および/または移植における移植片拒絶に関連した危険性を防止または軽減するために治療上有効な濃度で投与される。
本発明はまた、医薬品が少なくとも1種のその他の療法による処置と協調している、対象における自己免疫疾患および/または炎症性疾患の処置で使用するための本発明のアンタゴニスト抗CD40抗体またはタンパク質を提供する。
1.モノクローナル抗体
Chir12.12(1.9mg/ml)、mAb1(0.88mg/ml)、mAb2(1.9mg/ml)およびmAb3(1.9mg/ml)は、クエン酸塩 50mM、pH7.0、NaCl 140mM中に用意した。選択実験のためにIgGアイソタイプ対照も使用した(Sigma、St.Louis、USA)。
AfiniPure F(ab’)2断片ウサギ抗ヒトIgMは、Jackson Immuno Research(Suffolk、UK)から入手し、CpG2006はMicrosynth(Balgach、Switzerland)から入手した。組換えヒトCD40Lは、当業者に公知の標準的手順を使用して作製した。ヒトIL−4を含有する上清は、当業者に公知の標準的手順を使用して作製した。
PBMC培養培地:RPMI−1640、FBS 10%、ペニシリン/ストレプトマイシン 1%、非必須アミノ酸 1%、ピルビン酸ナトリウム 1%、β−メルカプトエタノール 5mM(いずれもInvitrogen製、San Diego、USA)。
1.CD40L媒介PBMC増殖アッセイ
1.1 ヒト末梢血単核細胞(PBMC)の精製
初代PBMCは、健康なボランティアから得られた全血バフィーコートから精製した(Blutspendezentrum、Basel)。EDTA 5mMを含有しCa2+およびMg2+を含まないPBSでバフィーコートを1:4に希釈し、25mlずつ50mlのFalconチューブに分注した。希釈したバフィーコートをFalconチューブ1本当たりFicoll−Plaque Plus(GE Healthcare)14mlと共に重層し、室温において2250rpmで20分間遠心した(ブレーキをかけない)。遠心後、中間層を1本の50mlのFalconチューブに移した。複数のチューブ(1ドナーから)の中間層を一緒にして容量を30mlにした。EDTA 5mMを補給したPBSを添加し、細胞を室温において2250rpmで5分間回転した。上清を廃棄してから赤血球(RBC)溶解緩衝液15mlを添加し、室温で5分間インキュベートした。その後、PBS/EDTA 5mMを20ml添加し、細胞を再度回転した(2250rpmでRT/5分)。細胞をPBS/EDTA 5mMで2回洗浄し(遠心工程を介在させる)、PBMC培地 35mlに再懸濁してからトリパンブルー色素排除法を使用して生細胞数を測定した。インビトロ刺激にすぐに使用しない細胞は凍結保存した。
Costar96ウェルプレートにおいて、抗−IgM F(ab’)2 5μg/ml、CpG2006 1μM、ヒトIL−4(75ng/ml)を含有する上清または組換えhuCD40L 40μg/ml(最終濃度を示した)の一定用量存在下または非存在下で、各抗CD40またはアイソタイプ対照mAbの2倍希釈系列7点を3連で作った。各抗CD40mAbの開始濃度は、実験に応じて20μg/mlから100μg/mlの範囲であった。CD40Lは、全実験について陽性対照として用量応答において使用した。抗IgM、CpG2006、IL−4およびCD40Lの用量は、これらの試薬(単独または組み合わせ)がPBMCまたはB細胞増殖を誘導する能力を用量応答において評価した以前の実験(データは示さず)に基づいて選択した。PBMC(最終密度はウェル当たり8×104個)をその後各ウェルに添加し、37℃/CO25%で3日間インキュベートした。3H−チミジン(1μCi/50μl/ウェル)を各ウェルに添加し、最後に6時間培養してから収集し、MicroBetaTriluxシンチレーションカウンターを使用してチミジン取り込みを測定した。細胞および培地ならびに細胞および培地および抗IgM、IL−4、CpG2006またはCD40L対照培養物(抗CD40mAbの非存在下)は各実験に含めたことに注意されたい。
ヒトPBMCは、同時刺激非存在下で、または抗IgM F(ab’)2 5μg/mlもしくはCpG2006 1μMのいずれかの存在下で、上記の項1.2で示したようにChir12.12、mAb1、mAb2またはmAb3の用量応答を用いて3日間刺激した。増殖は、培養して72時間後の3H−チミジン取り込みによって評価した。結果は、3回の培養の平均およびSEMとして表し、4ドナー(独立した実験)を代表している。
PBMC懸濁液(10×106細胞/mL)50μlを丸底ウェル(Corning Incorporated−Costar #3790)に添加し、カルセイン染色したラージ細胞(2×105細胞/mL)50μlおよび抗体希釈液または対照100μlを添加した。最大の溶解は、2%Triton 100中で測定された。
(実験的放出−自然放出)/(最大放出−自然放出)×100。
ヒトBJAB細胞への結合における様々な抗CD40抗体Fc変異体の結合を比較するために、フローサイトメトリーを使用した。したがって、96ウェルV底プレートにおいてウェル当たり2×105細胞を接種した。プレートはFACS緩衝液(PBS、FCS 5%、EDTA 2mM)200μLで4℃において1350×gで2分間で2回洗浄した。上清を廃棄し、ヒト血清8%を含有するFACS緩衝液(InVitromex、カタログ番号S4190)100mLに細胞を再懸濁し、10分間インキュベートした。2回洗浄した後で、抗ヒトCD40Fc変異体を、ヒト血清 1%を含むFACS緩衝液50μLに10μg/mLの濃度で開始して1:2の希釈で添加した。細胞は、氷上で30分間インキュベートし、その後2回洗浄工程を行った。ポリクローナルウサギ抗ヒトIgG FITC F(ab’)2(DAKO、カタログ番号F0315)50μlを各ウェルに添加し、氷上で30分間インキュベートした。インキュベーション終了時に、細胞を2回洗浄し、FACS緩衝液100μLに再懸濁し、FACS CantoIIで取得した。
5.1 ヒト単核球由来の樹状細胞の調製
ヒトPBMCは、スイス赤十字によって提供されたヒトバフィーコートから調製した。バフィーコートはPBSで1:5に希釈し(Invitrogen、カタログ番号20012019)、50mLFalconチューブに35mLずつ分注した。その後、Ficoll(GE Healthcare、カタログ番号17 1440−02)13mLを各チューブに重層した。細胞をRTにおいて1680×gで20分間、ブレーキをかけずに遠心した。PBMCを含有する層を収集し、大量のPBSで1000×gで5分間、2回洗浄した。最終的に、細胞をPBS 10mLに再懸濁し、計数した。
培養7日後に6ウェルプレートを濯ぐことによって未熟なDCを収集し、細胞をプールし、培養培地で1400×gで5分間、2回洗浄した。その後、iDC 2×105個を96ウェル平底プレート(Becton Dickinson、カタログ番号353072)中の100μLに接種した。陽性対照として、細胞を1μg/mLの濃度のMegaCD40L(Alexis、カタログ番号ALX−522−110−C010)で刺激し、陰性対照は、培地のみに入れたiDCからなった。アンタゴニズムアッセイでは、用量応答のため、抗ヒトCD40抗体Fc変異体を10μg/mLで1:2希釈で、MegaCD40L 1μg/mLと一緒に添加した。刺激した細胞の上清をTNFα測定のために24時間後に収集した。アゴニズムアッセイでは、抗ヒトCD40抗体Fc変異体を10μg/mLで、1:2希釈のみで添加し、上清をTNFα測定のために48h後に収集した。細胞を接種し、全アッセイについて3連で刺激した。
上清中のTNFαの量を測定するため、ELISAを以下のように実施した。抗TNFα捕捉抗体(BD Pharmingen、カタログ番号551220)をELISAプレート(Greiner、Nunc F96 Maxisorp、カタログ番号442404)に5μg/mLでウェル当たり50μLで4℃において一晩コーティングした。洗浄工程毎に、プレートはBioTek ELx 405プレート洗浄器で250μLで3回洗浄した。1回目の洗浄後、Superblock TBS(Thermo Scientific、Pierce、カタログ番号37535)200μLを37℃で1時間インキュベートした。次に、TNFα標準物(組換えヒトTNFα、R&D Systems、カタログ番号210−TA)または試料を25μl添加した。標準物は、最終濃度20ng/mLで開始し、1:2で連続希釈した。さらに、検出抗体(抗ヒトTNFαビオチン、BD Pharmingen、カタログ番号554511)25μLを1:500希釈で添加した。プレートを4℃で一晩インキュベートした。洗浄後、アビジン−PODコンジュゲート(ExtrAVアルカリホスファターゼ、Sigma、カタログ番号E−2636)をSuperblock TBSで1:5000に希釈し、50μLで添加し、RTで1時間インキュベートした。プレートを洗浄し、基質p−ニトロフェニルホスフェート(Sigma、カタログ番号C−3041)50μLを添加し、15分間発色させた。ELISAプレートをSpectraMax M5でソフトウェアSoftMax Pro(Molecular Devices)を用いて450nmで読み取った。
毒性試験の最初の主要な目的は、Chir12.12と比較して高用量(100mg/kg)mAb1の潜在的毒性を調べることであった。
7.1 PBMC精製
ヒト末梢血単核細胞は、既に項1.1に記載したように調製した。
扁桃被膜および結合組織を取り出し、扁桃物質は扁桃腺を約5mmの大きさの切片に切断した後、金属製のセルストレーナーですりつぶし、B細胞培地で通常通り洗浄した。次に、細胞残渣を取り除くため、扁桃腺細胞を70μMセルストレーナーで2回濾過した。B細胞は、EasySepネガティブ選択ヒトB細胞濃縮キット(Stemcell Technologies、Vancouver、BC、Canada)を使用して新鮮なPBMCから単離した。B細胞は、EasySepネガティブ選択ヒトB細胞濃縮キットを使用して、製造元(Stemcell Technologies、Vancouver、BC、Canada)の指示の通りに精製した。
PBMC(アカゲザル、カニクイザルまたはヒト)または扁桃腺B細胞(ヒトのみ)を、用量応答における精製した標識mAb1またはアイソタイプ対照抗体(最終濃度範囲2.5μg/ml〜0.00125μg/ml)と共に4℃で30分間インキュベートした。その後細胞を洗浄し、続いて抗ヒト(非ヒト霊長類交差反応性)およびNHPとの交差反応性が最小限のビオチン化抗ヒトIgG抗体とインキュベートした(R10、抗IgM染色を含めるか、またはFACS染色の強度差のいずれかによって、膜IgG発現ヒトB細胞を区別することが可能なことに注意)。細胞を再度4℃で30分間インキュベートしてから洗浄し、ストレプトアビジン−FITCを用いて4℃で20分間、最後の染色を行った。その後細胞を洗浄し、フローサイトメトリーによってCD20+細胞上のCD40発現の評価を実施した。
96ウェルプレートにおいて、ヒト組換えCD154およびIL−4のEC80濃度の存在下で、各抗CD40またはアイソタイプ対照mAbの2倍希釈系列7点を3連で作った。各抗CD40mAbの開始濃度は、実験に応じて20μg/mlから100μg/mlの範囲であった。細胞および培地対照は、全実験について陰性対照として使用した。PBMC(アカゲザル、カニクイザルまたはヒト)または扁桃腺B細胞(ヒトのみ)をその後各ウェルに添加し、37℃/CO25%で3日間インキュベートした。3H−チミジン(1μCi/50μl/ウェル)を各ウェルに添加し、最後に6時間培養してから収集し、シンチレーションカウンターを使用してチミジン取り込みを測定した。
8.1 動物
使用したカニクイザル(Macaca fascicularis)は全て、7.5〜9歳の雄(#5529/#5533、#5523/#5524および#5536/#5538)で、捕捉飼育され、7.7±0.9kgで、フィリピン産であった(Siconbrec、Makati City、Philippines)。移植時に、動物は正常な血液学的検査、血清/尿化学検査を示し、結核、サルモネラ/シゲラ、ウイルス因子(ヘルペスB、サルT細胞白血病ウイルス、サル免疫不全ウイルス、サルD型レトロウイルス、B型肝炎)に対する抗体および関連のある内外寄生虫は陰性だった。しかし、動物は全て、サイトメガロウイルスおよびA型肝炎ウイルス(HAV)に対する抗体を示した(2010に試験した;動物#5536はHAVについて陰性だった)。動物#5523の糞便試験は、2010年12月にバランチジウム・コリ(Balantidium coli)について陽性であった。
8.2.1 腎臓移植および術後のモニタリング
ドナー/レシピエントの組み合わせは、ABO一致、DRBエキソン2ミスマッチ(Blancher A, Tisseyre P, Dutaur M, et al. (2006) Immunogenetics; 58(4):269-82)および一方向混合リンパ球反応(MLR)における応答に従って選択し、MLR刺激指標(MLR−SI)は>7および<47であった(Bigaud M, Maurer C, Vedrine, et al. (2004) J. Pharmacol. Toxicol. Methods; 50(2):153-9)。この選択の結果は表6に示し、2重移植(2匹のドナー間の交換移植)が存在した。各レシピエントには、動脈血圧、心拍数および運動活性をモニターするため、遠隔測定プローブ(Data Sciences Inc、USA)を埋め込んだ。
mAb1は、注入の日に−80℃から新たに解凍して液体形態で用意した。−1、0および1日目(移植前および移植後)の最初の3回の投与以外は、週に1回30mg/kg/i.v.の適用を行った。経口投与(p.o.)用のCsAは、マイクロエマルジョンプレコンセントレート(microemulsion preconcentrate)(Sandimmun Neoral(登録商標)飲用液、100mg/ml、Novartis Pharma AG)であった。CsAは、20mg/kg/p.o.の1日用量で(−1日目に開始)、mAb1と組み合わせて適用した(表6参照)。
mAb1曝露を測定するために、−1、3、7(ベースラインおよび15分)、14、28、42、56、70、84および100日目の血液試料(血清500μl)を採取した(i.v.投与前)。CsA測定のために、血液試料をCsAの経口投与前(C0/C24)および適用の2時間後(C2)に採取した。C2は、CsA吸収のピークレベルに対応する。さらに処理するまで(CsA検出キット、Hot Star Taq Master Mix、Qiagen Minnesota、US)、材料は全て−80℃で保存した。mAb1免疫原性のための試料は、−1、7、14、28、42、56、70、84および100日目に採取し(血清50μl)、−80℃で凍結を維持した。簡単に説明すると、96ウェルマイクロタイタープレートを組換えヒトCD40でコーティングした。これらを名目上4℃で一晩保存した。ブロッキング後、較正標準物質(Cs)、品質管理(QC)試料およびmAb1を含有する試料標本をプレートに添加した。プレートを名目上+25℃で撹拌しながら120分間インキュベートした。プレートを洗浄後、マウス抗ヒトカッパ軽鎖抗体、続いてHRPヤギ抗マウス(H+L)コンジュゲートをプレートに添加し、組換えCD40に結合したいかなるmAb1も検出した。これは、色素原基質(TMB)を添加することによって視覚化され、生じた色(吸収)の強度は存在するmAb1の濃度に正比例した。次に、試料中のmAb1の濃度を較正曲線から逆算した。PD試料は、ベースラインとして移植の2〜3日前に得た(ヘパリン中0.5ml)。その後、収集物はPK試料と同じ計画に従った。CD20+およびCD3+細胞は、使用したTruCountチューブ(Becton Dickinson、カタログ番号340334)によって、製造者の指示に従って、抗ヒトCD40−APC mAb(クローン5C3、Becton Dickinson、カタログ番号555591)、抗ヒトCD3−PerCP(クローンSP34−2、Becton Dickinson、カタログ番号552851)および抗ヒトCD20−FITC mAb(クローンLT20、Immunotools、カタログ番号 21279203X2)を用いて計数した。データは、LSRIIフローサイトメトリー(Becton Dickinson Biosciences)によって、DIVA(バージョン6.1.1)ソフトウェアを使用して取得した。リンパ球およびビーズは、サイズおよび粒度に従ってFSC/SSCドットブロットでゲーティングして、CD20およびCD3の発現についてさらに分析した。
採取した組織(移植片生検または剖検時)は全て、肉眼によって調べ、4%緩衝化ホルマリンで固定した。脱水後、パラフィンワックスに包埋した。厚さ3μmの切片をパラフィンブロックから切断し、ヘマトキシリンおよびエオジン(HE)で染色した。腎臓の切片ではさらに3種類の染色(過ヨウ素酸シッフ染色、トリクローム染色およびVerhoeff染色)を実施した。生検および剖検試料は、経験のある病理学者が調べ、Banff 07の同種異系移植腎病理の診断基準に従って記録した(Solez K, Colvin RB, Racusen LC, et al (2008) Am. J. Transplant; 8(4):753-60)。ピアレビューはまた、外部の専門家が実施した。
実験データは、単離した未分画の初代ヒトPBMCの使用に基づく。全PBMC調製物(単離されたB細胞または単核球の代わり)は、抗CD40mAbが様々な種類の白血球に対して複数の直接的および間接的影響を有し得るインビボの状況に極めて似ている。このPBMC増殖アッセイを使用して、親Chir12.12抗体から変化していない抗原結合部分のアミノ酸配列を保持している未グリコシル化抗CD40mAbであるmAb1(N297A)およびmAb2(D265A)は、親Chir12.12mAbの非アゴニスト性CD40Lブロッキング特性を保持していることが測定された。抗体mAb3(LALA突然変異体)は、IL−4の存在下で弱アゴニスト性であった。
以前のデータは、Chir12.12が初代ヒトB細胞およびヒトB細胞リンパ腫細胞系のCD40L媒介増殖を遮断できることを示した。Chir12.12および本発明による3種類の抗体、mAb1、mAb2、mAb3によるCD40L媒介PBMC増殖の阻害を測定した。以下の表7は、mg/mlで表に示したそのような阻害のIC50値を表している(結果は、3連の培養の平均およびSEMとして示され、4ドナーの独立した実験の代表である)。結果によって、Chir12.12はまた、CD40L媒介PBMC増殖を阻害できることが示される。さらに、mAb1、mAb2およびmAb3はまた、Chir12.12と類似の能力でCD40L媒介PBMC分裂を完全に遮断した。抗CD40mAbのいずれも、抗IgM+IL−2誘導性PBMC増殖を遮断せず(データは示さず)、抗CD40mAbのブロッキング活性は、標的依存であること(およびFc機能に関係がないこと)が示唆された。
CD40への特異的結合の変化の可能性を排除するために、3種類の変異体、mAb1、mAb2およびmAb3の、構成的にCD40を発現するB細胞系BJABへの結合を、親Chir12.12と比較して試験した。結合は、10μg/mLで開始し1:2希釈によって用量漸増法で試験した。
抗CD40 Fc変異体によるヒトMoDCからのTNFアルファ放出の刺激
いくつかの抗ヒトCD40抗体は、様々な細胞集団に対してアゴニスト効果を有することが示されている(Gruber 1989)。Fc変異体、mAb1、mAb2、mAb3およびChir12.12がMoDCの活性化を引き起こすのを排除するため、細胞と48時間インキュベートしたとき、抗体がそれら自体TNFα放出を誘導するかどうかを調べた。アンタゴニストのアッセイとは対照的に、7日齢のヒトMoDCを4種類の抗CD40変異体全ての存在下のみで48時間培養し、用量反応曲線を10μg/mLから開始した。その後、上清のTNFαの量をELISAによって試験した。抗CD40変異体 mAb1、mAb2、mAb3およびChir12.12は全て、陽性対照であるCD40L刺激と比較してMoDCからのTNFαの放出を誘導しなかった(データは示さず)。4種類の抗体変異体いずれによっても用量依存性を認めることはできなかった。TNFαの量は、未刺激MoDCのレベルを超えて有意には上昇しなかった(データは示さず)。したがって、これら4種類の抗体のアゴニスト活性は排除することができた。
親Chir12.12抗体は、CD40−CD40Lの相互作用を遮断するので、細胞活性化も遮断するはずである。ヒト単核球由来樹状細胞上のCD40のCD40Lトリマーによる刺激は、例えばTNFαのような炎症誘発サイトカインの放出を導く(Ma 2009)。また、Fc領域の変化は、Chir12.12と比較して、変異体のブロッキング機能に影響は及ぼさないはずである。4種類の抗体は全て、ヒトMoDCからのCD40L媒介TNFαの放出を同等のIC50で阻害するはずである。
以下の表9は、親Chir12.12抗体と比較して本発明の抗体mAb1、mAb2およびmAb3の重要な特性のいくつかをまとめて示す。
毒性試験の第1の目的は、カニクイザルに週1回5週間静脈内投与した後、mAb1の毒性を測定することであった(6つの試験項目を適用)。この抗体(Chir12.12)の非サイレント(ADCC)型も、ADCC活性型抗体の効果をADCC−サイレント型(mAb1)と比較するために使用した。
mAb1の結合および機能的交差反応性をヒト、アカゲザルおよびカニクイザル白血球の間で測定した。表10は、3種全てにおけるmAb1の結合EC50を直接比較して示している。
bアカゲザルおよびヒトにおけるインビボKDは、カニクイザルにおけるPK/PD試験で算出されたものと同じであると仮定する。
cmAb1が[標的]よりも十分に高いと仮定すると、ヒル-ラングミュアの式が適用可能である。
移植片の生着
腎臓同種異系移植中にmAb1(30mg/kg i.v.)および経口的シクロスポリンA、20mg/kgで併用処置することによって、試験に関与した動物6頭の生着の著しい延長が引き起こされた。移植片は、動物#5529において>91日*、#5533において31日、#5523において>92日*、#5524において>92日*、#5536において>98日*および#5538において>98日*(平均:>83.6日)機能した(*プロトコル終了時)。未処理動物(または治療IS以下の用量で処置された動物)における生着は、7〜10日の範囲であった(病歴データ)。
(a)クレアチニン(SCrea)および尿素(Surea)血清濃度
SCreaは、腎臓機能を評価するために使用した主なパラメータであった。6頭の動物全てにおいて、SCreaレベルは、移植1日後にベースラインレベルを上回って増加した(81.8±14.6から221.5±37.1μmol/l)。SCreaのそのような上昇は、移植後第1週の間の通常の特徴である(表12)。
血清アミラーゼ濃度は、全動物で移植後1〜7日目に約1.3倍に少し増加した(移植後0日目 311±53U/Lおよび8日目 418±66.8U/L)(表14)。動物#5533は、移植後1日目の試験で観察された最高のアミラーゼ濃度を示した(1050U/L)。移植前では、1回目のmAb1投与前および24時間後(−1日目および0日目)に観察されたアミラーゼレベルの間には差はなかった。
参考のPK/PD試験および分析は以前に実施され、カニクイザルは抗体10mg/kgの静脈内単回投与を受けた(データは示さず)。この試験において、濃度対時間プロファイルは、明らかな標的介在性の動態(TMD)を示し、1動物は、おそらくより高い標的発現レベルの結果として、別の動物と比較してより迅速な排泄を示し、PKの管理における標的発現レベルの役割が強調された。この試験から、mAb1血清濃度が約5マイクロg/mLを上回ったとき、これはCD40受容体占有率がほぼ100%であると解釈することも確認された。
腎臓同種異系移植の組織病理学的評価によって、移植片#5523、#5524、#5529および#5538における急性および慢性拒絶はなく、実験終了に到達した移植片#5536における境界変化が明らかになった、すなわち、(結果は表17にまとめて示した)。動物#5523、#5524および#5538における最小限の血管周囲または間質浸潤ならびに動物#5529における最小限の腎糸球体細胞過形成が認められた。
移植試験の目的は、腎臓同種異系移植片拒絶の非ヒト霊長類モデルにおいて、治療量以下のシクロスポリンAとの併用療法として投与した場合のmAb1の有益な効果を評価することであった。さらに、全身炎症が誘導されたモデルにおいて副作用がないことを評価することに関連した。
抗CD40抗体が、患者における止血イベントを誘導することは報告されたことはないが、抗CD40Ab Chir12.12を投与されたB細胞リンパ腫患者における膵臓酵素の上昇は報告されており、膵炎の危険性があり得るので、安全性のため慢性自己免疫疾患および移植においてFcコンピテント抗CD40抗体を使用することは避けられている。したがって、インビトロおよびインビボの両方において抗体依存性細胞傷害(ADCC)または補体依存性細胞障害(CDC)を媒介することができないFcサイレントIgG1抗CD40抗体(mAb1、mAb2およびmAb3)を作製した。mAb1は、治療量以下のシクロスポリンと併用して、非ヒト霊長類の腎臓同種異系移植生着期間を延長することができた。さらに、mAb1はT細胞依存性抗原による免疫に対する1次および2次抗体応答を完全に抑制することができた。移植または免疫試験のいずれにおいても、止血イベントまたは膵臓の組織学的異常の証拠はなかったことは重大である。総合的に、これらの結果は、mAb1が安全で治療上有効であり、Bリンパ球および抗原提示細胞由来の自己免疫疾患を罹患している患者またはCD40−CD154相互作用が病理の一因として寄与している同種異系移植を受けている患者の処置に使用することができることを示唆している。
Claims (18)
- 標的CD40ポリペプチド(配列番号28)に対する抗体の抗原結合部分を含む単離された抗体またはタンパク質であって、
a.10nM以下のKDでCD40ポリペプチドに結合し、
b.サイレントIgG Fc領域を含む
ことを特徴とする抗体またはタンパク質。 - CD40L誘導性シグナル伝達を50ng/ml以下のIC50で阻害する、請求項1に記載の単離された抗体またはタンパク質。
- CD40シグナル伝達に関してアゴニスト活性を有さないか、またはアゴニスト活性が低い、請求項1または2のいずれか一項に記載の単離された抗体またはタンパク質。
- 配列番号17、配列番号18または配列番号19のアミノ酸配列からなる群から選択されるサイレントIgG Fc領域を含む、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の単離された抗体またはタンパク質。
- 配列番号9の重鎖(VH)および配列番号10の軽鎖(VL)それぞれと少なくとも60、70、80、90、95、96、97、98、99または100パーセントの配列同一性を有するVHおよびVL可変領域を含む、請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の単離された抗体またはタンパク質。
- a.配列番号11の重鎖アミノ酸配列および配列番号12の軽鎖アミノ酸配列を含むmAb1抗体、
b.配列番号13の重鎖アミノ酸配列および配列番号14の軽鎖アミノ酸配列を含むmAb2抗体、ならびに
c.配列番号15の重鎖アミノ酸配列および配列番号16の軽鎖アミノ酸配列を含むmAb3抗体
からなる群から選択される、請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の単離された抗体またはタンパク質。 - 医薬品として使用するための、請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の単離された抗体またはタンパク質。
- 自己免疫障害および/または炎症性障害の処置に使用するための、請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の単離された抗体またはタンパク質。
- 移植における移植片拒絶の危険性の防止または軽減において使用するための、請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載の単離された抗体またはタンパク質。
- 多発性硬化症、全身性エリテマトーデス、シェーグレン症候群、関節リウマチ、移植拒絶および移植片対宿主病の処置において使用するための、請求項7に記載の単離された抗体またはタンパク質。
- 少なくとも薬学的に許容される賦形剤、希釈剤または担体と組み合わせた、請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の抗体またはタンパク質を含む医薬組成物。
- その他の活性成分をさらに含む、請求項11に記載の医薬組成物。
- 少なくとも緩衝液と共に請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の抗体またはタンパク質を含む液体医薬製剤。
- 請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の抗体またはタンパク質をコードする単離された核酸。
- 請求項14に記載の1種または複数の核酸を含むクローニングまたは発現ベクター。
- 適切なプロモーター配列に作動可能に連結した、以下のコーディング配列(a)〜(c):
(a)配列番号22および配列番号23、
(b)配列番号24および配列番号25、または
(c)配列番号26および配列番号27
の少なくとも1つを含む、請求項15に記載のクローニングまたは発現ベクター。 - 請求項15から16に記載の1種または複数のクローニングまたは発現ベクターを含む宿主細胞。
- 請求項17の宿主細胞を培養することと、前記抗体またはタンパク質を精製し回収することとを含む、請求項1から6のいずれか一項の抗体またはタンパク質の生産方法。
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